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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Politics and wars</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics_and_wars-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics and wars subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics_and_wars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Heads_of_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heads_of_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Heads of state</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heads_of_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Wars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Events subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Persia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Persia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Persia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Persia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Roman Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Significant_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Significant_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Significant people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Significant_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">0s</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 78 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">78 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/0er" title="0er – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="0er" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_0" title="عقد 0 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عقد 0" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyos_0" title="Anyos 0 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anyos 0" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_del_0" title="Década del 0 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Década del 0" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/0-an" title="0-an – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="0-an" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A6-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%95" title="০-এর দশক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="০-এর দশক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_n%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="0 nî-tāi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="0 nî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/0-%D1%8F" title="0-я – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="0-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/0-%D1%8F" title="0-я – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="0-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/0a" title="0a – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="0a" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/0-te" title="0-te – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="0-te" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_0" title="Bloavezhioù 0 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bloavezhioù 0" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A8cada_de_l%271" title="Dècada de l'1 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dècada de l'1" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/0au" title="0au – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="0au" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/0%27erne" title="0'erne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="0'erne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85_0" title="عوام 0 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عوام 0" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/0er" title="0er – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="0er" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/0._aastad" title="0. aastad – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="0. aastad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_0" title="An 0 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="An 0" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1os_0" title="Años 0 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Años 0" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/0-aj_jaroj" title="0-aj jaroj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="0-aj jaroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/0ko_hamarkada" title="0ko hamarkada – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="0ko hamarkada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%87_%DB%B0_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="دهه ۰ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دهه ۰ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/0-%C3%A1rini" title="0-árini – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="0-árini" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_0" title="Années 0 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Années 0" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/0id%C3%AD" title="0idí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="0idí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/0%EB%85%84%EB%8C%80" title="0년대 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="0년대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/0-ih" title="0-ih – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="0-ih" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/0-an" title="0-an – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="0-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_0" title="Anni 0 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anni 0" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-1" title="העשור הראשון של המאה ה-1 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="העשור הראשון של המאה ה-1" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/0-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="0-იანები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="0-იანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miaka_ya_0" title="Miaka ya 0 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Miaka ya 0" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/0-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81" title="0-ӧд вояс – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="0-ӧд вояс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-eafa_sanda" title="1-eafa sanda – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1-eafa sanda" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ane_0" title="Ane 0 – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ane 0" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_0" title="Anni 0 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Anni 0" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-es_%C3%A9vek" title="1-es évek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1-es évek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/0-%D1%82%D0%B8" title="0-ти – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="0-ти" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.चे ० चे दशक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे ० चे दशक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/0-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="0-იანეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="0-იანეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_0" title="عقد 0 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عقد 0" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/0-an" title="0-an – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="0-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_ni%C3%A8ng-d%C3%A2i" title="0 nièng-dâi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="0 nièng-dâi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-9" title="1-9 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1-9" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7" title="१ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="१" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/0%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="0年代 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="0年代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/0-%C3%A5rene" title="0-årene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="0-årene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="0 ийла – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="0 ийла" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/0-lar" title="0-lar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="0-lar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_(%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2)" title="7 (ਸਾਲ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="7 (ਸਾਲ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anos_de_1_a_9" title="Anos de 1 a 9 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Anos de 1 a 9" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primul_deceniu_d.Hr." title="Primul deceniu d.Hr. – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Primul deceniu d.Hr." data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_watakuna" title="0 watakuna – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="0 watakuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/0-%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="0-е годы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="0-е годы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/0-%D1%81" title="0-с – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="0-с" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/0s" title="0s – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="0s" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA" title="0 දශකය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="0 දශකය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/0s" title="0s – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="0s" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/0._roky_1._storo%C4%8Dia" title="0. roky 1. storočia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="0. roky 1. storočia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/0." title="0. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="0." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/0-%D0%B5" title="0-е – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="0-е" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/0-e" title="0-e – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="0-e" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/0-an" title="0-an – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="0-an" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensimm%C3%A4inen_vuosikymmen" title="Ensimmäinen vuosikymmen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ensimmäinen vuosikymmen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/00-talet" title="00-talet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="00-talet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/0%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="0கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="0கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/0-%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="0-еллар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="0-еллар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/0%27lar" title="0'lar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="0'lar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/0%C3%BD%C3%BD" title="0ýý – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="0ýý" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/0-%D0%B2%D1%96" title="0-ві – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="0-ві" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/0%D8%A1_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="0ء کی دہائی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="0ء کی دہائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%ADp_ni%C3%AAn_0" title="Thập niên 0 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thập niên 0" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%AAyes_0" title="Anêyes 0 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Anêyes 0" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_nga_dekada" title="0 nga dekada – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="0 nga dekada" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/0%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="0年代 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="0年代" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/0%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="0年代 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="0年代" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" 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For the British independent record label, see <a href="/wiki/4AD" title="4AD">4AD</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/0s" title="Special:EditPage/0s">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%220s%22">"0s"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%220s%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%220s%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%220s%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%220s%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%220s%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Epitaph_des_Marcus_Caelius.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Epitaph_des_Marcus_Caelius.JPG/220px-Epitaph_des_Marcus_Caelius.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Epitaph_des_Marcus_Caelius.JPG/330px-Epitaph_des_Marcus_Caelius.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Epitaph_des_Marcus_Caelius.JPG/440px-Epitaph_des_Marcus_Caelius.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2433" data-file-height="3052" /></a><figcaption>Cenotaph of a centurion who died in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Teutoburg_Forest" title="Battle of the Teutoburg Forest">Battle of the Teutoburg Forest</a> (AD 9). Teutoburg Forest is commonly seen as one of the most important defeats in Roman history, bringing the triumphant period of expansion under <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> to an abrupt end. 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century">1st century</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_century" title="2nd century">2nd century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10s_BC" title="10s BC">10s <small>BC</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/0s_BC" title="0s BC">0s <small>BC</small></a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">0s</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10s" title="10s">10s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20s" title="20s">20s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><small>AD</small> 1</li> <li><small>AD</small> 2</li> <li><small>AD</small> 3</li> <li><small>AD</small> 4</li></ul> <ul><li><small>AD</small> 5</li> <li><small>AD</small> 6</li> <li><small>AD</small> 7</li> <li><small>AD</small> 8</li> <li><small>AD</small> 9</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:0s_births" title="Category:0s births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:0s_deaths" title="Category:0s deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:0s_establishments" title="Category:0s establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:0s_disestablishments" title="Category:0s disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>4751</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td><i>N/A</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>−593 – −592</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>951</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>545</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>−637</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>5509–5510</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">庚申</a>年 (Metal <a href="/wiki/Monkey_(zodiac)" title="Monkey (zodiac)">Monkey</a>)<br />2698 or 2491<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />辛酉年 (Metal <a href="/wiki/Rooster_(zodiac)" title="Rooster (zodiac)">Rooster</a>)<br />2699 or 2492</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>−283 – −282</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>1167</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>−7 – −6</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>3761–3762</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>57–58</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td><i>N/A</i></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>3101–3102</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>10001</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>621 BP – 620 BP</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>640 BH – 639 BH</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td><i>N/A</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>AD 1<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>I</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>2334</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>1911 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br />民前1911年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>−1467</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_era" title="Seleucid era">Seleucid era</a></td><td>312/313 <a href="/wiki/Anno_Graecorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Anno Graecorum">AG</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>543–544</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阳金猴年<br />(male Iron-<a href="/wiki/Monkey_(zodiac)" title="Monkey (zodiac)">Monkey</a>)<br />127 or −254 or −1026<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阴金鸡年<br />(female Iron-<a href="/wiki/Rooster_(zodiac)" title="Rooster (zodiac)">Rooster</a>)<br />128 or −253 or −1025</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>0s</b> began on January 1, AD 1 and ended on December 31, AD 9, covering the first nine years of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a>. </p><p>In Europe, the 0s saw the continuation of conflict between the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germanic_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic tribes">Germanic tribes</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Early_Imperial_campaigns_in_Germania" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Imperial campaigns in Germania">Early Imperial campaigns in Germania</a>. <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Vinicius_(consul_19_BC)" title="Marcus Vinicius (consul 19 BC)">Vinicius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Publius_Quinctilius_Varus" title="Publius Quinctilius Varus">Varus</a> led Roman forces in multiple punitive campaigns, before sustaining a major defeat at the hands of <a href="/wiki/Arminius" title="Arminius">Arminius</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Teutoburg_Forest" title="Battle of the Teutoburg Forest">Battle of the Teutoburg Forest</a>. Concurrently, the Roman Empire fought the <span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bellum_Batonianum" title="Bellum Batonianum">Bellum Batonianum</a></span></span> against a rebelling alliance of native peoples led by <a href="/wiki/Bato_the_Daesitiate" title="Bato the Daesitiate">Bato the Daesitiate</a> in <a href="/wiki/Illyricum_(Roman_province)" title="Illyricum (Roman province)">Illyricum</a>, which was suppressed in AD 9. A conflict also took place in Korea, where <a href="/wiki/Daeso" class="mw-redirect" title="Daeso">Daeso</a>, King of <a href="/wiki/Dongbuyeo" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongbuyeo">Dongbuyeo</a> invaded <a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a> with a 50,000-man army in AD 6. He was forced to retreat when heavy snow began to fall, stopping the conflict until the next decade. In China, the last ruler of the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Western_Han_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Han dynasty">Western Han dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ruzi_Ying" title="Ruzi Ying">Ruzi Ying</a>) was deposed, allowing <a href="/wiki/Wang_Mang" title="Wang Mang">Wang Mang</a> to establish the <a href="/wiki/Xin_dynasty" title="Xin dynasty">Xin dynasty</a>. </p><p>Literary works from the 0s include works from the ancient <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> poet <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>; the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Ars_Amatoria" title="Ars Amatoria">Ars Amatoria</a></i></span>, an instructional <a href="/wiki/Elegy" title="Elegy">elegy</a> series in three books, <i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a>,</i> a poem which chronicles the history of the world from its <a href="/wiki/Creation_myth" title="Creation myth">creation</a> to the deification of <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> within a loose mythico-historical framework, and <i><a href="/wiki/Ibis_(Ovid)" title="Ibis (Ovid)">Ibis</a>,</i> a curse poem written during his years in <a href="/wiki/Exile_of_Ovid" title="Exile of Ovid">exile</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> for an offense against <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_of_Damascus" title="Nicolaus of Damascus">Nicolaus of Damascus</a> wrote the 15-volume <i>History of the World</i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Estimates_of_historical_world_population#Before_1950" title="Estimates of historical world population">Estimates for the world population by AD 1</a> range from 170 to 300 million. A <a href="/wiki/Census" title="Census">census</a> was concluded in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> in AD 2: final numbers showed a population of nearly 60 million (59,594,978 people in slightly more than 12 million households). The census is one of the most accurate surveys in Chinese history. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Calendar_details">Calendar details</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=0s&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Calendar details"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because there is no <a href="/wiki/Year_zero" title="Year zero">year zero</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a>, this period is one of two "1-to-9" decade-like timespans that contain only nine years, along with the <a href="/wiki/0s_BC" title="0s BC">0s BC</a>. The <i><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i> (AD) <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendar era</a> which numbers these years 1-9 was devised by <a href="/wiki/Dionysius_Exiguus" title="Dionysius Exiguus">Dionysius Exiguus</a> in 525, and became widely used in Christian Europe in the 9th century. Dionysius assigned BC 1 to be the year he believed <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> was born (or according to at least one scholar, AD 1).<sup id="cite_ref-Declercq_2000_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Declercq_2000-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Declercq_2002_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Declercq_2002-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern scholars disagree with Dionysius' calculations, placing the event several years earlier (see <a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Jesus" title="Chronology of Jesus">Chronology of Jesus</a>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar#Leap_year_error" title="Julian calendar">Errors applying leap years</a> in the Julian Calendar affect parts of this 1-to-9 timespan. As a result, sources differ as to whether, for example, AD 1 was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Saturday" title="Common year starting on Saturday">common year starting on Saturday</a> or <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Sunday" title="Common year starting on Sunday">Sunday</a>. It was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Saturday" title="Common year starting on Saturday">common year starting on Saturday</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Proleptic_Julian_calendar" title="Proleptic Julian calendar">proleptic Julian calendar</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Monday" title="Common year starting on Monday">common year starting on Monday</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Proleptic_Gregorian_calendar" title="Proleptic Gregorian calendar">proleptic Gregorian calendar</a>. It is the <a href="/wiki/Epoch" title="Epoch">epoch</a> year for the Anno Domini (AD) Christian <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendar era</a>, and the 1st year of the 1st century and <a href="/wiki/1st_millennium" title="1st millennium">1st millennium</a> of the Christian or <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics_and_wars">Politics and wars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=0s&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Politics and wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_in_1_CE.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/World_in_1_CE.png/550px-World_in_1_CE.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/World_in_1_CE.png/825px-World_in_1_CE.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/World_in_1_CE.png/1100px-World_in_1_CE.png 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2036" /></a><figcaption>Map of the world in 1 AD</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heads_of_state">Heads of state</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=0s&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Heads of state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this table, the last year of an emperor is excluded if they reigned multiple years.</div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Polity </th> <th>AD 1 </th> <th>AD 2 </th> <th>AD 3 </th> <th>AD 4 </th> <th>AD 5 </th> <th>AD 6 </th> <th>AD 7 </th> <th>AD 8 </th> <th>AD 9 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> </td> <td colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese empire">Chinese empire</a> </td> <td colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ping_of_Han" title="Emperor Ping of Han">Ping</a> </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Ruzi_Ying" title="Ruzi Ying">Ruzi Ying</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wang_Mang" title="Wang Mang">Wang Mang</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian Empire</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phraates_IV" title="Phraates IV">Phraates IV</a> </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Phraates_V" title="Phraates V">Phraates V</a> and <a href="/wiki/Musa_of_Parthia" title="Musa of Parthia">Musa</a> </td> <td>(none) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orodes_III_of_Parthia" title="Orodes III of Parthia">Orodes III</a> </td> <td>(none) </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Vonones_I" title="Vonones I">Vonones I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dacia" title="Dacia">Dacia</a> </td> <td colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/Comosicus" title="Comosicus">Comosicus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thracian_kingdom_(Roman_vassal_state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thracian kingdom (Roman vassal state)">Thracian kingdom</a> </td> <td colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/Rhoemetalces_I" title="Rhoemetalces I">Rhoemetalces I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_Kingdom" title="Nabataean Kingdom">Nabataean Kingdom</a> </td> <td colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/Aretas_IV_Philopatris" title="Aretas IV Philopatris">Aretas IV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chuldu" title="Chuldu">Chuldu</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wars">Wars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=0s&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Start </th> <th>Finish </th> <th>Name of Conflict </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>6 AD </td> <td>9 AD </td> <td><span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bellum_Batonianum" title="Bellum Batonianum">Bellum Batonianum</a></span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 BC </td> <td>AD 16 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Early_imperial_campaigns_in_Germania" class="mw-redirect" title="Early imperial campaigns in Germania">Early imperial campaigns in Germania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Teutoburg_Forest" title="Battle of the Teutoburg Forest">Battle of the Teutoburg Forest</a></li></ul> </td> <td>By AD 1, the Roman Empire had been expanding its territories and exerting influence throughout Europe, including regions bordering the Rhine River. The Romans sought to consolidate their control over Germanic territories east of the Rhine and integrate them into the empire. Between 2 BC and AD 4, Vinicius commanded five legions in Germany, successfully leading them in the "vast war" against Germanic tribes. He was awarded the ornamenta triumphalia upon his return to Rome. In AD 4, Tiberius took command and waged campaigns in northern Germany, conquering several tribes and establishing alliances. The Cherusci tribe, including the influential Arminius, became friends with Rome. Tiberius built a winter base on the Lippe to monitor the Cherusci. By AD 6, most German tribes were pacified, and Rome planned an attack on the Marcomanni but made peace instead. Varus replaced Tiberius and imposed civic changes, but Arminius incited a revolt. In AD 9, Varus fell into an ambush by Arminius, suffering a devastating defeat as Roman forces were surrounded and overwhelmed. Varus took his own life, while a few survivors managed to return to Roman quarters. </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 AD </td> <td>21 AD </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daeso#War_with_Goguryeo" class="mw-redirect" title="Daeso">Goguryeo-Dongbuyeo Wars</a> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=0s&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:East-Hem_001ad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/East-Hem_001ad.jpg/220px-East-Hem_001ad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/East-Hem_001ad.jpg/330px-East-Hem_001ad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/East-Hem_001ad.jpg/440px-East-Hem_001ad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="1903" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Eastern Hemisphere in AD 1.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Germanic_tribes_(750BC-1AD).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Germanic_tribes_%28750BC-1AD%29.png/250px-Germanic_tribes_%28750BC-1AD%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Germanic_tribes_%28750BC-1AD%29.png/330px-Germanic_tribes_%28750BC-1AD%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Germanic_tribes_%28750BC-1AD%29.png/500px-Germanic_tribes_%28750BC-1AD%29.png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="376" /></a><figcaption>Germanic tribes in Europe in AD 1: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Red; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Settlements before 750 BC</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Orange; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> New settlements after 750 BC until 1 AD</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Yellow; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> New settlements until 100 AD</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Lime; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> New settlements after 100 AD</div> </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa">Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=0s&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>AD 2 – <a href="/wiki/Juba_II" title="Juba II">Juba II</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mauretania" title="Mauretania">Mauretania</a> joins Gaius Caesar in Armenia as a military advisor. It is during this period that he meets <a href="/wiki/Glaphyra" title="Glaphyra">Glaphyra</a>, a Cappadocian princess and the former wife of Alexandros of <a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a>, a brother of <a href="/wiki/Herod_Archelaus" title="Herod Archelaus">Herod Archelaus</a>, ethnarch of Judea, and becomes enamoured with her.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 7 – The epoch of the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a> begins.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=0s&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>AD 1 – <a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a> is given his first royal title (<a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">posthumous name</a>) of Baocheng Xuan Ni Gong.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 2 – <a href="/wiki/Wang_Mang" title="Wang Mang">Wang Mang</a> begins a program of personal aggrandizement, restoring marquess titles to past imperial princes and introducing a pension system for retired officials. Restrictions are placed on the Emperor's mother, Consort Wei and members of the Wei Clan.<sup id="cite_ref-Klingaman-1991_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klingaman-1991-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 2 – The first <a href="/wiki/Census" title="Census">census</a> is concluded in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> after having begun the year before: final numbers show a population of nearly 60 million (59,594,978 people in slightly more than 12 million households). The census is one of the most accurate surveys in Chinese history.<sup id="cite_ref-Klingaman-1991_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klingaman-1991-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 3 – <a href="/wiki/Wang_Mang" title="Wang Mang">Wang Mang</a> foils a plot by his son, Wang Yu, his brother-in-law, Lu Kuan, and the Wei clan to oust him from the regent's position. Wang Yu and Lu Kuan are killed in the purge that follows.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 4 – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ping_of_Han" title="Emperor Ping of Han">Emperor Ping of Han</a> marries <a href="/wiki/Empress_Wang_(Ping)" title="Empress Wang (Ping)">Empress Wang (Ping)</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Wang_Mang" title="Wang Mang">Wang Mang</a>, cementing his influence.</li> <li>AD 4 – <a href="/wiki/Wang_Mang" title="Wang Mang">Wang Mang</a> is given the title "superior duke".<sup id="cite_ref-Klingaman_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klingaman-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 64">: 64 </span></sup></li> <li>AD 6, <a href="/wiki/January" title="January">January</a> – Some Chinese fear for the life of the young, ailing Emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ping_of_Han" title="Emperor Ping of Han">Ping Di</a> as the planet Mars disappears behind the moon this month.<sup id="cite_ref-Klingaman_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klingaman-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 6, <a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a> – The boy emperor, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ping_of_Han" title="Emperor Ping of Han">Ping Di</a>, dies of unexpected causes at age 14; <a href="/wiki/Wang_Mang" title="Wang Mang">Wang Mang</a> alone selects the new emperor, <a href="/wiki/Ruzi_Ying" title="Ruzi Ying">Ruzi Ying</a>, age 2,<sup id="cite_ref-Klingaman_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klingaman-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> starting the <i>Jushe</i> era of the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a>.</li> <li>AD 6 – Candidates for government office must take civil-service examinations.</li> <li>AD 6 – The imperial Liu clan suspects the intentions of <a href="/wiki/Wang_Mang" title="Wang Mang">Wang Mang</a> and foment agrarian rebellions during the course of Ruzi Ying's reign. The first of these is led by Liu Chong, Marquess of Ang-Zong (a/k/a Marquis of An-chung), with a small force starting in May or June.<sup id="cite_ref-Klingaman_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klingaman-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 7 – Zhai Yi, Governor of the Commandery of Dong (modern <a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a>) declares Liu Zin, Marquess of Yang Xiang (modern <a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a>), emperor. This proves to be the largest of the rebellions against <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ruzi_of_Han" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Ruzi of Han">Emperor Ruzi of Han</a>.</li> <li>AD 7 – <a href="/wiki/Wang_Mang" title="Wang Mang">Wang Mang</a> puts down the rebellion during the winter. Zhai is captured and executed while Liu Xin escapes.</li> <li>AD 8 – Start of Chushi era of the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a>.</li> <li>AD 8 – <a href="/wiki/Wang_Mang" title="Wang Mang">Wang Mang</a> crushes a rebellion by Chai I, and on the winter solstice (which has been dated January 10 of the following year) officially assumes the title emperor, establishing the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Xin_dynasty" title="Xin dynasty">Xin dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Klingaman_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klingaman-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 9, <a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wang_Mang" title="Wang Mang">Wang Mang</a> founds the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Xin_dynasty" title="Xin dynasty">Xin dynasty</a> in <a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">China</a> (until <a href="/wiki/AD_25" title="AD 25">AD 25</a>). Wang Mang names his wife, <a href="/wiki/Empress_Wang_(Xin_dynasty)" title="Empress Wang (Xin dynasty)">Wang</a>, empress and his son, Wang Lin <a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown Prince">Crown Prince</a>, heir to the throne.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>AD 9 – Empress <a href="/wiki/Empress_Wang_(Ping)" title="Empress Wang (Ping)">Wang</a> is given the title of Duchess Dowager of Ding'an, while <a href="/wiki/Ruzi_Ying" title="Ruzi Ying">Ruzi Ying</a>, the former Emperor of Han, becomes the Duke of Ding'an. Ruzi Ying is placed under house arrest.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=0s&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>AD 8 – <a href="/wiki/Tincomarus" title="Tincomarus">Tincomarus</a>, deposed king of the <a href="/wiki/Atrebates" title="Atrebates">Atrebates</a>, flees <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Britain</a> for Rome; <a href="/wiki/Eppillus" title="Eppillus">Eppillus</a> becomes king.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Korea">Korea</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=0s&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>AD 4 – <a href="/wiki/Namhae_of_Silla" title="Namhae of Silla">Namhae Chachaung</a> succeeds <a href="/wiki/Hyeokgeose_of_Silla" title="Hyeokgeose of Silla">Bak Hyeokgeose</a> as king of the <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korean</a> kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a> (traditional date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Persia">Persia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=0s&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Persia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>AD 4 – King <a href="/wiki/Phraates_V_of_Parthia" class="mw-redirect" title="Phraates V of Parthia">Phraataces</a> and Queen <a href="/wiki/Musa_of_Parthia" title="Musa of Parthia">Musa of Parthia</a> are overthrown and killed, the crown being offered to <a href="/wiki/Orodes_III_of_Parthia" title="Orodes III of Parthia">Orodes III of Parthia</a>—the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Interregnum" title="Interregnum">interregnum</a>.</li> <li>AD 7 – <a href="/wiki/Vonones_I" title="Vonones I">Vonones I</a> becomes ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Parthia" title="Parthia">Parthian Empire</a> (approximate date).</li> <li>AD 8 – <a href="/wiki/Vonones_I" title="Vonones I">Vonones I</a> becomes king (<i><a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">shah</a></i>) of the <a href="/wiki/Parthia" title="Parthia">Parthian Empire</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_Empire">Roman Empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=0s&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Roman Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>AD 1 – <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a>, under order of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>, quells revolts in <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a> (AD 1–5).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 1 – <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Caesar_Vipsanianus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaius Julius Caesar Vipsanianus">Gaius Caesar</a> meets with <a href="/wiki/Phraates_V" title="Phraates V">Phraates V</a>, the king of <a href="/wiki/Parthia" title="Parthia">Parthia</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates</a>. Rather than invade the Parthians, Gaius Caesar concludes peace with them; Parthia recognizes Roman claims to <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 1 – Birth of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>, as assigned by <a href="/wiki/Dionysius_Exiguus" title="Dionysius Exiguus">Dionysius Exiguus</a> in his <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">anno Domini</a> era according to at least one scholar.<sup id="cite_ref-Declercq_2000_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Declercq_2000-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Declercq_2002_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Declercq_2002-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, most scholars think that Dionysius placed the birth of Jesus in the previous year, <a href="/wiki/1_BC" title="1 BC">1 BC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Declercq_2000_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Declercq_2000-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Declercq_2002_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Declercq_2002-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, most modern scholars do not consider Dionysius' calculations authoritative, placing the event several years earlier (see <a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Jesus" title="Chronology of Jesus">Chronology of Jesus</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Dunn_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunn-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 2 – Following the death of <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Caesar" title="Lucius Caesar">Lucius Caesar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> allows his stepson <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a> back into <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> as a private citizen, after six years of enforced retirement on <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 3 – The rule of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> is renewed for a ten-year period.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 4 – Emperor <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> summons <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a> to Rome, and names him his heir and future emperor. At the same time, <a href="/wiki/Agrippa_Postumus" title="Agrippa Postumus">Agrippa Postumus</a>, the last son of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, is also adopted and named as Augustus' heir.</li> <li>AD 4 – Tiberius also adopts <a href="/wiki/Germanicus" title="Germanicus">Germanicus</a> as his own heir.</li> <li>AD 4 – The <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_laws" title="List of Roman laws">Lex Aelia Sentia</a></i> regulates the <a href="/wiki/Manumission" title="Manumission">manumission</a> of <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slaves</a>.</li> <li>AD 4 – A pact of non-aggression and friendship is signed between the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, represented by <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a>, and the German tribe the <a href="/wiki/Cherusci" title="Cherusci">Cherusci</a>, represented by their King <a href="/wiki/Segimer" title="Segimer">Segimer</a>. <a href="/wiki/Arminius" title="Arminius">Arminius</a> and Flavus, sons of Segimer, are brought into the Roman army as leaders of the auxiliary troops.</li> <li>AD 4 – <a href="/wiki/Julia_the_Elder" title="Julia the Elder">Julia the Elder</a> returns from exile to live in <a href="/wiki/Reggio_Calabria" title="Reggio Calabria">Rhegium</a> in disgrace.</li> <li>AD 4 – <a href="/wiki/Livilla" title="Livilla">Livilla</a> marries <a href="/wiki/Drusus_Julius_Caesar" title="Drusus Julius Caesar">Drusus Julius Caesar</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a>.</li> <li>AD 4 – <a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_of_Damascus" title="Nicolaus of Damascus">Nicolaus of Damascus</a> writes the 15-volume <i>History of the World</i>.</li> <li>AD 5 – <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> acknowledges <a href="/wiki/Cunobelinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cunobelinus">Cunobelinus</a>, king of the <a href="/wiki/Catuvellauni" title="Catuvellauni">Catuvellauni</a>, as king of <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Britain</a>.</li> <li>AD 5 – The <a href="/wiki/Confederations_of_Germanic_Tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederations of Germanic Tribes">Germanic tribes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cimbri" title="Cimbri">Cimbri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charydes" class="mw-redirect" title="Charydes">Charydes</a> send ambassadors to Rome.</li> <li>AD 5 – <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a> conquers <a href="/wiki/Germania_Inferior" title="Germania Inferior">Germania Inferior</a>.</li> <li>AD 5 – <a href="/wiki/Agrippina_the_Elder" title="Agrippina the Elder">Agrippina the Elder</a> marries <a href="/wiki/Germanicus" title="Germanicus">Germanicus</a>, her second cousin.</li> <li>AD 6 – Due to a catastrophic fire in Rome, the barracks system - the <a href="/wiki/Vigiles" title="Vigiles">vigiles</a>, initially manned only by freedmen - is created by the <a href="/wiki/Princeps" title="Princeps">Princeps</a> <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> to allow quicker response to outbreaks of fire in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 6 – Due to a food shortage in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, Augustus doubles the grain rations distributed to the people, sends away his slave retinue, and places the senate in recess indefinitely.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 6 – The <a href="/wiki/Princeps" title="Princeps">Princeps</a> <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> sets up a treasury, the <i><a href="/wiki/Aerarium_militare" title="Aerarium militare">aerarium militare</a></i> (170 million <i><a href="/wiki/Sestertii" class="mw-redirect" title="Sestertii">sestertii</a>)</i>, with the specific purpose of paying bonuses to retiring legion veterans. This is financed by a 5% tax on inheritances, a system said to have been suggested in <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>'s memoirs.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 6 – The <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Castor_and_Pollux" title="Temple of Castor and Pollux">Temple of Castor and Pollux</a> is rededicated in Rome by Tiberius after being destroyed by fire in 14 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 6 – A pamphletting campaign in Rome is quashed by the <a href="/wiki/Princeps" title="Princeps">Princeps</a> <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>. <a href="/wiki/Publius_Plautius_Rufus" title="Publius Plautius Rufus">Publius Plautius Rufus</a> is accused but found innocent of the crime.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 6 – <a href="/wiki/Princeps" title="Princeps">Princeps</a> <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> banishes <a href="/wiki/Agrippa_Postumus" title="Agrippa Postumus">Agrippa Postumus</a>, one of his adopted sons, to the island of <a href="/wiki/Planasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Planasia">Planasia</a>.</li> <li>AD 6 – <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a> makes <a href="/wiki/Carnuntum" title="Carnuntum">Carnuntum</a> his base of operations against <a href="/wiki/Maroboduus" title="Maroboduus">Maroboduus</a>; The <a href="/wiki/Roman_legion" title="Roman legion">Roman legion</a> <a href="/wiki/Legio_XX_Valeria_Victrix" title="Legio XX Valeria Victrix">XX <i>Valeria Victrix</i></a> fight with Tiberius against the <a href="/wiki/Marcomanni" title="Marcomanni">Marcomanni</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 6 – The building of a Roman fort signifies the origin of the city of <a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a>.</li> <li>AD 6 – The Illyrian tribes in <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia_(Roman_province)" title="Dalmatia (Roman province)">Dalmatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Pannonia</a> revolt and begin the <a href="/wiki/Bellum_Batonianum" title="Bellum Batonianum">Bellum Batonianum</a> or <a href="/wiki/Great_Illyrian_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Illyrian Revolt">Great Illyrian Revolt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 6 – Troops are levied in Rome to send to <a href="/wiki/Illyricum_(Roman_province)" title="Illyricum (Roman province)">Illyricum</a> from freedmen and slaves freed specifically for the purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 6 – <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a> marches back from the northern border to Illyricum to commence operations against the Illyrians.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 6 – Gaius <a href="/wiki/Caecina_Severus" class="mw-redirect" title="Caecina Severus">Caecina Severus</a> is made governor of Moesia, and is heavily involved in the first battles of the <a href="/wiki/Bellum_Batonianum" title="Bellum Batonianum">Bellum Batonianum</a> or <a href="/wiki/Great_Illyrian_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Illyrian Revolt">Great Illyrian Revolt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 6 – <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Plautius_Silvanus_(consul_2_BC)" title="Marcus Plautius Silvanus (consul 2 BC)">Marcus Plautius Silvanus</a> is made governor of <a href="/wiki/Galatia" title="Galatia">Galatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pamphylia" title="Pamphylia">Pamphylia</a> and suppresses an uprising of the <a href="/wiki/Isauria" title="Isauria">Isaurians</a> in Pamphylia.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 6 – <a href="/wiki/Herod_Archelaus" title="Herod Archelaus">Herod Archelaus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethnarch" title="Ethnarch">ethnarch</a> of <a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Idumea" class="mw-redirect" title="Idumea">Idumea</a>, is deposed and banished to <a href="/wiki/Vienne,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Vienne, Isère">Vienne</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gaul</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 6 – <a href="/wiki/Iudaea_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Iudaea Province">Iudaea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a> become <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> provinces.</li> <li>AD 6 – Quirinius conducts a <a href="/wiki/Census" title="Census">census</a> in Judea (according to <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>), which results in a revolt in the province, led by <a href="/wiki/Judas_of_Galilee" title="Judas of Galilee">Judas of Galilee</a>, and supported by the <a href="/wiki/Pharisee" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharisee">Pharisee</a> Zadok. The revolt is repressed, and the rebels are crucified, but it results in the birth of the <a href="/wiki/Zealot" class="mw-redirect" title="Zealot">Zealot</a> movement, the members of which regard the God of Judaism as their only master.</li> <li>AD 7 – <a href="/wiki/Illyrian_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Illyrian tribes">Illyrian tribes</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Pannonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia_(Roman_province)" title="Dalmatia (Roman province)">Dalmatia</a> continue the <a href="/wiki/Bellum_Batonianum" title="Bellum Batonianum">Great Illyrian Revolt</a> against Roman rule.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 7 – <a href="/wiki/Publius_Quinctilius_Varus" title="Publius Quinctilius Varus">Publius Quinctilius Varus</a> is appointed governor of <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a>, charged with organizing Germania between the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe">Elbe</a> rivers. He carries out a census, devises tributes and recruits soldiers, all of which creates dissension among the Germanic tribes.</li> <li>AD 7 – <a href="/wiki/Abgarus_of_Edessa" class="mw-redirect" title="Abgarus of Edessa">Abgarus of Edessa</a> is deposed as king of <a href="/wiki/Osroene" title="Osroene">Osroene</a>.</li> <li>AD 7 – Construction of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Concord" title="Temple of Concord">Temple of Concord</a> begins.</li> <li>AD 8, <a href="/wiki/August_3" title="August 3">August 3</a> – Roman general <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a> defeats the <a href="/wiki/Illyrians" title="Illyrians">Illyrians</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia_(Roman_province)" title="Dalmatia (Roman province)">Dalmatia</a> on the River Bathinus, but the <a href="/wiki/Great_Illyrian_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Illyrian Revolt">Great Illyrian Revolt</a> continues.</li> <li>AD 8 – <a href="/wiki/Vipsania_Julia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vipsania Julia">Vipsania Julia</a> is exiled. <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Aemilius_Paullus_(consul_1)" title="Lucius Aemilius Paullus (consul 1)">Lucius Aemilius Paullus</a> and his family are disgraced. <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> breaks off the engagement of <a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a> to Paullus' daughter <a href="/wiki/Aemilia_Lepida" title="Aemilia Lepida">Aemilia Lepida</a>. An effort is made to betroth Claudius to <a href="/wiki/Livia_Medullina_Camilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Livia Medullina Camilla">Livia Medullina Camilla</a>.</li> <li>AD 8 – After completing <i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a> begins the <i><a href="/wiki/Fasti_(poem)" title="Fasti (poem)">Fasti</a></i> (Festivals), 6 books that detail the first 6 months of the year and provide valuable insights into the <a href="/wiki/Roman_calendar" title="Roman calendar">Roman calendar</a>.</li> <li>AD 8 – Roman <a href="/wiki/Poet" title="Poet">poet</a> <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a> is banished from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Rome</a> and exiled to the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> near Tomis (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Constanța">Constanța</a>).</li> <li>AD 9, c. <a href="/wiki/September_9" title="September 9">September 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Teutoburg_Forest" title="Battle of the Teutoburg Forest">Battle of the Teutoburg Forest</a>: <a href="/wiki/Legio_XVII" title="Legio XVII">Legio XVII</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legio_XVIII" title="Legio XVIII">XVIII</a> and <a href="/wiki/Legio_XIX" title="Legio XIX">XIX</a> are lured by <a href="/wiki/Arminius" title="Arminius">Arminius</a> into an ambush and defeated by his tribe, the <a href="/wiki/Cherusci" title="Cherusci">Cherusci</a>, and their Germanic allies. The Roman <i><a href="/wiki/Aquila_(Roman)" title="Aquila (Roman)">aquilae</a></i> are lost and the Roman general and governor <a href="/wiki/Publius_Quinctilius_Varus" title="Publius Quinctilius Varus">Publius Quinctilius Varus</a> dies by suicide. <a href="/wiki/Legio_II_Augusta" title="Legio II Augusta">Legio II Augusta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legio_XX_Valeria_Victrix" title="Legio XX Valeria Victrix">XX Valeria Victrix</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Legio_XIII_Gemina" title="Legio XIII Gemina">XIII Gemina</a> move to Germany to replace the lost legions.</li> <li>AD 9 – The <i><a href="/wiki/Bellum_Batonianum" title="Bellum Batonianum">Bellum Batonianum</a></i> (Great Illyrian Revolt) in Dalmatia is suppressed.</li> <li>AD 9 – First record of the subdivision of the province of <a href="/wiki/Illyricum_(Roman_province)" title="Illyricum (Roman province)">Illyricum</a> into lower (<a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Pannonia</a>) and upper (<a href="/wiki/Dalmatia_(Roman_province)" title="Dalmatia (Roman province)">Dalmatia</a>) regions.</li> <li>AD 9 – In order to increase the number of marriages, and ultimately the population, the <i><a href="/wiki/Lex_Papia_Poppaea" title="Lex Papia Poppaea">Lex Papia Poppaea</a></i> is adopted in Italy. This law prohibits celibacy and childless relationships.</li> <li>AD 9 – <a href="/wiki/Roman_finance" title="Roman finance">Roman finances</a> become strained following the Danubian insurrection and the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, resulting in the levying of two new taxes: five percent on inheritances, and one percent on sales.</li> <li>AD 9 – <a href="/wiki/Cunobeline" title="Cunobeline">Cunobeline</a> is first recorded to be king of the <a href="/wiki/Catuvellauni" title="Catuvellauni">Catuvellauni</a> at <a href="/wiki/Camulodunum" title="Camulodunum">Camulodunum</a> (modern-day Colchester) in Britain.</li> <li>AD 9 – <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a> completes the curse poem <i><a href="/wiki/Ibis_(Ovid)" title="Ibis (Ovid)">Ibis</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=0s&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Estimates_of_historical_world_population#Historical_population" title="Estimates of historical world population">Estimates of historical world population § Historical population</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_by_population_in_1_CE" title="List of states by population in 1 CE">List of states by population in 1 CE</a></div> <p>Estimates for the world population in 1 AD range from 150 to 300 million. The below table summarizes estimates by various authors. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;font-size:small;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Population_Reference_Bureau" title="Population Reference Bureau">PRB</a> <p>(1973–2016)<sup id="cite_ref-Population_Reference_Bureau_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population_Reference_Bureau-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">UN</a> <p>(2015)<sup id="cite_ref-The_World_at_Six_Billion,_1999_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_World_at_Six_Billion,_1999-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Angus_Maddison" title="Angus Maddison">Maddison</a> <p>(2008)<sup id="cite_ref-www.ggdc.net/maddison/Historical_Statistics_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.ggdc.net/maddison/Historical_Statistics-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </th> <th>HYDE <p>(2010)<sup id="cite_ref-HYDE2010_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HYDE2010-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/John_Tanton" title="John Tanton">Tanton</a> <p>(1994)<sup id="cite_ref-thesocialcontract.com2_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thesocialcontract.com2-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </th> <th>Biraben <p>(1980)<sup id="cite_ref-French_1980,_pp._1_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-French_1980,_pp._1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Colin_McEvedy" title="Colin McEvedy">McEvedy</a> & <p>Jones (1978)<sup id="cite_ref-Richard_Jones_1978_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richard_Jones_1978-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </th> <th>Thomlinson <p>(1975)<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </th> <th>Durand <p>(1974)<sup id="cite_ref-John_D._Durand_1974_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_D._Durand_1974-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Colin_Clark_(economist)" title="Colin Clark (economist)">Clark</a> <p>(1967)<sup id="cite_ref-Colin_Clark_1967_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Colin_Clark_1967-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </th></tr> <tr> <td>300M<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>300M </td> <td>231M<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>188M<sup id="cite_ref-mnp.nl_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mnp.nl-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>150M </td> <td>255M </td> <td>170M </td> <td>200M </td> <td>270–330M </td> <td>256M<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significant_people">Significant people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=0s&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Significant people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erato_of_Armenia" title="Erato of Armenia">Erato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artaxiad_dynasty" title="Artaxiad dynasty">Artaxiad dynasty</a> Queen of Armenia, 8–5 BC, 2 BC – 2 AD, 6–11</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ariobarzan_of_Atropatene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ariobarzan of Atropatene (page does not exist)">Ariobarzan of Atropatene</a>, Client King of Armenia, r. 1 BC – 2 AD</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artavazd_V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artavazd V (page does not exist)">Artavazd V</a>, Client King of Armenia, r. 2–11</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigranes_V_of_Armenia" title="Tigranes V of Armenia">Tigranes V</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artaxiad_dynasty" title="Artaxiad dynasty">Artaxiad dynasty</a> King of Armenia, r. 2–6</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ping" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Ping">Ping Di</a>, Emperor of <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> China, r. 1 BC – 5 AD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruzi_Ying" title="Ruzi Ying">Ruzi Ying</a>, Emperor of <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> China, r. 6–9</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Mang" title="Wang Mang">Wang Mang</a>, Usurper Emperor of the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Xin_dynasty" title="Xin dynasty">Xin dynasty</a> in China r. 9–23</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_III_of_Commagene" title="Antiochus III of Commagene">Antiochus III</a>, King of Commagene, r. 12 BC – 17 AD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arminius" title="Arminius">Arminius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> war chief</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arshak_II_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arshak II of Iberia">Arshak II</a>, King of <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Caucasian Iberia">Caucasian Iberia</a>, r. 20 BC-1 AD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharasmanes_I_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharasmanes I of Iberia">Pharasmanes I</a>, King of <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Caucasian Iberia">Caucasian Iberia</a>, r. 1-58</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strato_II_and_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Strato II and III">Strato II and Strato III</a>, co-kings of the Indo-Greek Kingdom, r. 25 BC – 10 AD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimthann_Nia_N%C3%A1ir" title="Crimthann Nia Náir">Crimthann Nia Náir</a>, Legendary <a href="/wiki/List_of_High_Kings_of_Ireland" title="List of High Kings of Ireland">High King of Ireland</a>, r. <a href="/wiki/8_BC" title="8 BC">8 BC</a> – AD 9</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairbre_Cinnchait" title="Cairbre Cinnchait">Cairbre Cinnchait</a>, Legendary <a href="/wiki/List_of_High_Kings_of_Ireland" title="List of High Kings of Ireland">High King of Ireland</a>, r. 9–14</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Suinin" title="Emperor Suinin">Suinin</a>, Legendary Emperor of Japan, r. 29 BC – 70 AD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natakamani" title="Natakamani">Natakamani</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Kushite_Kings" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Kushite Kings">King of Kush</a>, r. (<a href="/wiki/1_BC" title="1 BC">1 BC</a> – <a href="/wiki/AD_20" title="AD 20">AD 20</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abgar_V_of_Edessa" class="mw-redirect" title="Abgar V of Edessa">Abgar V of Edessa</a>, King of <a href="/wiki/Osroene" title="Osroene">Osroene</a>, 4 BC–AD 7, 13–50</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%27nu_IV_bar_Ma%27nu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ma'nu IV bar Ma'nu (page does not exist)">Ma'nu IV</a>, King of <a href="/wiki/Osroene" title="Osroene">Osroene</a>, 7–13</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phraates_V_of_Parthia" class="mw-redirect" title="Phraates V of Parthia">Phraates V</a>, King of the <a href="/wiki/Arsacid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsacid Empire">Parthian Empire</a>, r. 2 BC – 4 AD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_of_Parthia" title="Musa of Parthia">Musa of Parthia</a>, mother and co-ruler with Phraates V, r. 2 BC – 4 AD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orodes_III_of_Parthia" title="Orodes III of Parthia">Orodes III</a>, King of the <a href="/wiki/Arsacid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsacid Empire">Parthian Empire</a>, r. 4–6</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vonones_I_of_Parthia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vonones I of Parthia">Vonones I</a>, King of the <a href="/wiki/Arsacid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsacid Empire">Parthian Empire</a>, r. 8–12</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artabanus_II_of_Parthia" title="Artabanus II of Parthia">Artabanus of Parthia</a>, pretender to the Parthian throne and future King of Parthia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_Augustus" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesar Augustus">Caesar Augustus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">Roman Emperor</a> (<a href="/wiki/27_BC" title="27 BC">27 BC</a> – <a href="/wiki/AD_14" title="AD 14">AD 14</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Caesar" title="Gaius Caesar">Gaius Caesar</a>, Roman general</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livy" title="Livy">Livy</a>, Roman historian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, Roman poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirinius" title="Quirinius">Quirinius</a>, Roman nobleman and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillel_the_Elder" title="Hillel the Elder">Hillel the Elder</a>, Jewish scholar and <a href="/wiki/Nasi_(Hebrew_title)" title="Nasi (Hebrew title)">Nasi</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a>, in office <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 31 BC</span> – 9 AD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shammai" title="Shammai">Shammai</a>, Jewish scholar and <a href="/wiki/Av_Beit_Din" title="Av Beit Din">Av Beit Din</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a>, in office 20 BC – 20 AD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a>, Roman general, statesman, and future emperor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyeokgeose_of_Silla" title="Hyeokgeose of Silla">Hyeokgeose</a>, King of <a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a>, r. 57 BC – 4 AD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namhae_of_Silla" title="Namhae of Silla">Namhae</a>, King of <a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a>, r. 4–24</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=0s&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>AD 1 – <a href="/wiki/Sextus_Afranius_Burrus" title="Sextus Afranius Burrus">Sextus Afranius Burrus</a>, Roman <a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefect" title="Praetorian prefect">praetorian prefect</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/AD_62" title="AD 62">AD 62</a>)</li> <li>AD 1 – <a href="/wiki/Izates_II" title="Izates II">Izates II</a>, King of <a href="/wiki/Adiabene" title="Adiabene">Adiabene</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/AD_54" title="AD 54">AD 54</a>)</li> <li>AD 1 – <a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca the Younger</a>, Roman stoic philosopher was born in <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Córdoba, Spain">Cordoba</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/AD_65" title="AD 65">AD 65</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 2 – <a href="/wiki/Deng_Yu" title="Deng Yu">Deng Yu</a>, Chinese general and statesman (d. <a href="/wiki/AD_58" title="AD 58">AD 58</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 3 – <a href="/wiki/Ban_Biao" title="Ban Biao">Ban Biao</a>, Chinese historian and official (d. <a href="/wiki/AD_54" title="AD 54">AD 54</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 3 – <a href="/wiki/Geng_Yan" title="Geng Yan">Geng Yan</a>, Chinese general of the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/AD_58" title="AD 58">AD 58</a>)</li> <li>AD 3 – <a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Claudius_Balbilus" title="Tiberius Claudius Balbilus">Tiberius Claudius Balbilus</a>, Roman politician and astrologer (d. <a href="/wiki/AD_79" title="AD 79">AD 79</a>)</li> <li>AD 4 – <a href="/wiki/Columella" title="Columella">Columella</a>, Roman <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> writer (d. <a href="/wiki/AD_70" title="AD 70">AD 70</a>)</li> <li>AD 4 – <a href="/wiki/Daemusin_of_Goguryeo" title="Daemusin of Goguryeo">Daemusin</a>, Korean king of <a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/AD_44" title="AD 44">AD 44</a>)</li> <li>AD 4 – <a href="/wiki/Publius_Quinctilius_Varus_the_Younger" title="Publius Quinctilius Varus the Younger">Publius Quinctilius Varus the Younger</a>, Roman nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/AD_27" title="AD 27">AD 27</a>)</li> <li>AD 4 – Possible date – <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>, Jewish preacher and religious leader (executed c. AD 30/33)<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 5 – <a href="/wiki/Habib_the_Carpenter" title="Habib the Carpenter">Habib the Carpenter</a>, Syrian disciple, <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyr</a></li> <li>AD 5 – <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a>, Jewish leader of the <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christians</a></li> <li>AD 5 – <a href="/wiki/Ruzi_Ying" title="Ruzi Ying">Ruzi Ying</a>, great-grandson of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xuan_of_Han" title="Emperor Xuan of Han">Xuan of Han</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/AD_25" title="AD 25">AD 25</a>)</li> <li>AD 5 – <a href="/wiki/Yin_Lihua" title="Yin Lihua">Yin Lihua</a>, empress of the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/AD_64" title="AD 64">AD 64</a>)</li> <li>AD 6 – <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Manlius_Valens" title="Gaius Manlius Valens">Gaius Manlius Valens</a>, Roman senator and consul (d. <a href="/wiki/AD_96" title="AD 96">AD 96</a>)</li> <li>AD 6 – <a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John the Apostle</a>, Jewish Christian mystic (d. AD 100)</li> <li>AD 6 – <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aemilius_Lepidus_(executed_by_Caligula)" title="Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (executed by Caligula)">Marcus Aemilius Lepidus</a>, Roman politician (d. <a href="/wiki/AD_39" title="AD 39">AD 39</a>)</li> <li>AD 6 – <a href="/wiki/Milonia_Caesonia" title="Milonia Caesonia">Milonia Caesonia</a>, Roman empress (d. <a href="/wiki/AD_41" title="AD 41">AD 41</a>)</li> <li>AD 6 – <a href="/wiki/Nero_Julius_Caesar" title="Nero Julius Caesar">Nero Julius Caesar</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Germanicus" title="Germanicus">Germanicus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agrippina_the_Elder" title="Agrippina the Elder">Agrippina the Elder</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/AD_30" title="AD 30">AD 30</a>)</li> <li>AD 7 – <a href="/wiki/Gnaeus_Domitius_Corbulo" title="Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo">Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo</a>, Roman general (d. <a href="/wiki/AD_67" title="AD 67">AD 67</a>)</li> <li>AD 7 – <a href="/wiki/Julia_(daughter_of_Drusus_the_Younger)" class="mw-redirect" title="Julia (daughter of Drusus the Younger)">Julia</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Drusus_Julius_Caesar" title="Drusus Julius Caesar">Drusus Julius Caesar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Livilla" title="Livilla">Livilla</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/AD_43" title="AD 43">AD 43</a>)</li> <li>AD 8 – <a href="/wiki/Drusus_Caesar" title="Drusus Caesar">Drusus Caesar</a>, member of the <a href="/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/AD_33" title="AD 33">AD 33</a>)</li> <li>AD 8 – <a href="/wiki/Titus_Flavius_Sabinus_(consul_AD_47)" title="Titus Flavius Sabinus (consul AD 47)">Titus Flavius Sabinus</a>, Roman consul and brother of <a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/AD_69" title="AD 69">AD 69</a>)</li> <li>AD 9, <a href="/wiki/November_17" title="November 17">November 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a>, Roman emperor (d. <a href="/wiki/AD_79" title="AD 79">AD 79</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=0s&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>AD 1 – <a href="/wiki/Amanishakheto" title="Amanishakheto">Amanishakheto</a>, queen of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kush" title="Kingdom of Kush">Kush</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a>)</li> <li>AD 2, <a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">August 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Caesar" title="Lucius Caesar">Lucius Caesar</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Vipsanius_Agrippa" title="Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa">Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Julia_the_Elder" title="Julia the Elder">Julia the Elder</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/17_BC" title="17 BC">17 BC</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 2 – <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Marcius_Censorinus_(consul_8_BC)" title="Gaius Marcius Censorinus (consul 8 BC)">Gaius Marcius Censorinus</a>, Roman consul (approximate date)</li> <li>AD 3 – <a href="/wiki/Bao_Xuan" title="Bao Xuan">Bao Xuan</a>, Chinese politician of the Han dynasty</li> <li>AD 4 – <a href="/wiki/February_21" title="February 21">February 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Caesar" title="Gaius Caesar">Gaius Caesar</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Vipsanius_Agrippa" title="Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa">Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Julia_the_Elder" title="Julia the Elder">Julia the Elder</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/20_BC" title="20 BC">20 BC</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 4 – <a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ariobarzanes_II_of_Atropatene" title="Ariobarzanes II of Atropatene">Ariobarzanes II</a>, Roman client king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(antiquity)" title="Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)">Armenia</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/40_BC" title="40 BC">40 BC</a>)</li> <li>AD 4 – <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Asinius_Pollio_(consul_40_BC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaius Asinius Pollio (consul 40 BC)">Gaius Asinius Pollio</a>, Roman orator, poet and historian (b. <a href="/wiki/65_BC" title="65 BC">65 BC</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 4 – <a href="/wiki/Hyeokgeose_of_Silla" title="Hyeokgeose of Silla">Hyeokgeose</a>, Korean king of <a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/75_BC" title="75 BC">75 BC</a>)</li> <li>AD 4 – <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Cornelius_Lentulus_(consul_3_BC)" title="Lucius Cornelius Lentulus (consul 3 BC)">Lucius Cornelius Lentulus</a>, Roman consul</li> <li>AD 6, <a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ping_of_Han" title="Emperor Ping of Han">Ping</a>, Chinese emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/9_BC" title="9 BC">9 BC</a>)</li> <li>AD 6 – <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra Selene II</a>, Egyptian ruler of <a href="/wiki/Cyrenaica" title="Cyrenaica">Cyrenaica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/40_BC" title="40 BC">40 BC</a>)</li> <li>AD 6 – <a href="/wiki/Orodes_III_of_Parthia" title="Orodes III of Parthia">Orodes III</a>, king (<i><a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">shah</a></i>) of the <a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian Empire</a></li> <li>AD 6 – <a href="/wiki/Terentia" title="Terentia">Terentia</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Tullius_Cicero" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Tullius Cicero">Marcus Tullius Cicero</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/98_BC" title="98 BC">98 BC</a>)</li> <li>AD 7 – <a href="/wiki/Athenodoros_Cananites" class="mw-redirect" title="Athenodoros Cananites">Athenodoros Cananites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stoicism" title="Stoicism">Stoic philosopher</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/74_BC" title="74 BC">74 BC</a>)</li> <li>AD 7 – <a href="/wiki/Aulus_Licinius_Nerva_Silianus" title="Aulus Licinius Nerva Silianus">Aulus Licinius Nerva Silianus</a>, Roman consul</li> <li>AD 7 – <a href="/wiki/Glaphyra" title="Glaphyra">Glaphyra</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Archelaus_of_Cappadocia" title="Archelaus of Cappadocia">Archelaus of Cappadocia</a> (approximate date)</li> <li>AD 7 – <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Sempronius_Atratinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucius Sempronius Atratinus">Lucius Sempronius Atratinus</a>, Roman politician</li> <li>AD 8 – <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Valerius_Messalla_Corvinus" title="Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus">Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus</a>, Roman general (b. <a href="/wiki/64_BC" title="64 BC">64 BC</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AD 9, <a href="/wiki/September_15" title="September 15">September 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Publius_Quinctilius_Varus" title="Publius Quinctilius Varus">Publius Quinctilius Varus</a>, Roman general (b. <a href="/wiki/46_BC" title="46 BC">46 BC</a>)</li> <li>AD 9 – <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Caelius" title="Marcus Caelius">Marcus Caelius</a>, Roman <a href="/wiki/Centurion" title="Centurion">centurion</a> (b. c. <a href="/wiki/45_BC" title="45 BC">45 BC</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=0s&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/00s_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="00s (disambiguation)">00s (disambiguation)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=0s&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMurdoch2004" class="citation book cs1">Murdoch, Adrian (2004). "Germania Romana". In <a href="/wiki/Brian_O._Murdoch" title="Brian O. Murdoch">Murdoch, Brian</a>; Read, Malcolm (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_Literature_and_Culture" title="Early Germanic Literature and Culture">Early Germanic Literature and Culture</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Boydell_%26_Brewer" title="Boydell & Brewer">Boydell & Brewer</a>. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/157113199X" title="Special:BookSources/157113199X"><bdi>157113199X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Germania+Romana&rft.btitle=Early+Germanic+Literature+and+Culture&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=157113199X&rft.aulast=Murdoch&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A0s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Declercq_2000-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Declercq_2000_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Declercq_2000_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Declercq_2000_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDeclercq2000" class="citation book cs1">Declercq, Georges (2000). <i>Anno Domini: The origins of the Christian Era</i>. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols. pp. <span class="nowrap">143–</span>147. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2503510507" title="Special:BookSources/978-2503510507"><bdi>978-2503510507</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anno+Domini%3A+The+origins+of+the+Christian+Era&rft.place=Turnhout%2C+Belgium&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E143-%3C%2Fspan%3E147&rft.pub=Brepols&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-2503510507&rft.aulast=Declercq&rft.aufirst=Georges&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A0s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Declercq_2002-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Declercq_2002_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Declercq_2002_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Declercq_2002_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDeclercq2002" class="citation journal cs1">Declercq, Georges (2002). "Dionysius Exiguus and the introduction of the Christian Era". <i>Sacris Erudiri</i>. <b>41</b>. Brussels: Brepols: <span class="nowrap">165–</span>246. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1484%2FJ.SE.2.300491">10.1484/J.SE.2.300491</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0771-7776">0771-7776</a>. <q>Annotated version of a portion of <i>Anno Domini</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sacris+Erudiri&rft.atitle=Dionysius+Exiguus+and+the+introduction+of+the+Christian+Era&rft.volume=41&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E165-%3C%2Fspan%3E246&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1484%2FJ.SE.2.300491&rft.issn=0771-7776&rft.aulast=Declercq&rft.aufirst=Georges&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A0s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Going by Daryaee (2012) Daryaee, Touraj (2012). "Appendix: Ruling Dynasties of Iran". In Daryaee, Touraj (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 1–432. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199875757" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199875757">978-0199875757</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoller2003" class="citation book cs1">Roller, Duane W (2003). <i>The World of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene</i>. New York: Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+of+Juba+II+and+Kleopatra+Selene&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Roller&rft.aufirst=Duane+W&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A0s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas A. Wilson (2003), <i>in</i> Xinzhong Yao (Ed.), <i>RoutledgeCurzon Encyclopedia of Confucianism</i>, "Baocheng Xuan Ni Gong", p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Han" title="Book of Han">Book of Han</a></i>, 12.351</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Klingaman-1991-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Klingaman-1991_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klingaman-1991_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKlingaman1991" class="citation book cs1">Klingaman, William K. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/firstcenturyempe0000klin"><i>The first century : emperors, gods and everyman</i></a>. Internet Archive. London : Hamish Hamilton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-12887-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-12887-9"><bdi>978-0-241-12887-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+first+century+%3A+emperors%2C+gods+and+everyman&rft.pub=London+%3A+Hamish+Hamilton&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-241-12887-9&rft.aulast=Klingaman&rft.aufirst=William+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffirstcenturyempe0000klin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A0s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wang-Mang">"Wang Mang | emperor of Xin dynasty"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Wang+Mang+%7C+emperor+of+Xin+dynasty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FWang-Mang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A0s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Klingaman-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Klingaman_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klingaman_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klingaman_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klingaman_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klingaman_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKlingaman1990" class="citation book cs1">Klingaman, William K. (1990). <i>The First Century: Emperors, Gods and Everyman</i>. Harper-Collins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0785822561" title="Special:BookSources/978-0785822561"><bdi>978-0785822561</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Century%3A+Emperors%2C+Gods+and+Everyman&rft.pub=Harper-Collins&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0785822561&rft.aulast=Klingaman&rft.aufirst=William+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A0s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Velleius" class="mw-redirect" title="Velleius">Velleius Paterculus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Velleius_Paterculus/2D*.html#ref:Langobardi">The Roman History</a>, Book II. p 271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daryaee, Touraj. <i>The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History </i> Oxford University Press, 2012, p. 173</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dunn-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dunn_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDunn2003" class="citation book cs1">Dunn, James D. G. (2003). <i>Jesus Remembered</i>. Christianity in the Making. Vol. 1. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 324. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0802839312" title="Special:BookSources/978-0802839312"><bdi>978-0802839312</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+Remembered&rft.series=Christianity+in+the+Making&rft.pages=324&rft.pub=Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0802839312&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=James+D.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A0s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/55*.html">"Cassius Dio - Book 55"</a>. <i>penelope.uchicago.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=penelope.uchicago.edu&rft.atitle=Cassius+Dio+-+Book+55&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpenelope.uchicago.edu%2FThayer%2FE%2FRoman%2FTexts%2FCassius_Dio%2F55%2A.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A0s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/emperor-augustus">"Augustus"</a>. <i>HISTORY</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HISTORY&rft.atitle=Augustus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Ftopics%2Fancient-history%2Femperor-augustus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A0s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cassius Dio, The Roman Histories, Book 55, ch 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cassius Dio, The Roman Histories, Book 55, ch 26-27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cassius Dio, The Roman Histories, Book 55, ch 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFParker1879" class="citation book cs1">Parker, John Henry (1879). <i>The Archaeology of Rome: Forum romanum et magnum. Vol. 5</i> (2nd ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Archaeology+of+Rome%3A+Forum+romanum+et+magnum.+Vol.+5&rft.edition=2nd&rft.date=1879&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=John+Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A0s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cassius Dio, The Roman Histories, Book 55, ch 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cassius Dio, The Roman Histories, Book 55, ch 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Velleius Paterculus, Book 2, Ch 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cassius Dio, The Roman Histories, Book 55, ch 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Velleius Paterculus, Book 2, Ch 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cassius Dio, The Roman Histories, Book 55, ch 25-30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars, Tiberius, ch 9 & ch 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cassius Dio, The Roman Histories, Book 55, ch 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Radman-Livaja, I., Dizda, M., Archaeological Traces of the Pannonian Revolt 6–9 AD: Evidence and Conjectures, Veröffentlichungen der Altertumskommiion für Westfalen Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe, Band XVIII, p. 49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Population_Reference_Bureau-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Population_Reference_Bureau_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Data from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prb.org/Home.aspx">Population Reference Bureau</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080520091122/http://www.prb.org/Home.aspx">Archived</a> 2008-05-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 2016 estimate: (a) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prb.org/pdf16/prb-wpds2016-web-2016.pdf">"2016 World Population Data Sheet"</a> 2015 estimate: (b) Toshiko Kaneda, 2015, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prb.org/pdf15/2015-world-population-data-sheet_eng.pdf">"2015 World Population Data Sheet"</a>. 2014 estimate: (c) Carl Haub, 2014, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prb.org/pdf14/2014-world-population-data-sheet_eng.pdf">"2014 World Population Data Sheet"</a>. 2013 estimate: (d) Carl Haub, 2013, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prb.org/pdf13/2013-population-data-sheet_eng.pdf">"2013 World Population Data Sheet"</a>. 2012 estimate: (e) Carl Haub, 2012, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prb.org/pdf12/2012-population-data-sheet_eng.pdf">"2012 World Population Data Sheet"</a>. 2011 estimate: (f) Carl Haub, 2011, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prb.org/pdf11/2011population-data-sheet_eng.pdf">"2011 World Population Data Sheet"</a>. 2010 estimate: (g) Carl Haub, 2010, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prb.org/pdf10/10wpds_eng.pdf">"2010 World Population Data Sheet"</a>. 2009 estimate: (h) Carl Haub, 2009, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prb.org/pdf09/09wpds_eng.pdf">"2009 World Population Data Sheet"</a>. 2008 estimate: (i) Carl Haub, 2008, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prb.org/pdf08/08WPDS_Eng.pdf">"2008 World Population Data Sheet"</a>. 2007 estimate: (j) Carl Haub, 2007, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prb.org/Publications/Datasheets/2007/2007WorldPopulationDataSheet.aspx">"2007 World Population Data Sheet"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110224205549/http://www.prb.org/Publications/Datasheets/2007/2007WorldPopulationDataSheet.aspx">Archived</a> 2011-02-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 2006 estimate: (k) Carl Haub, 2006, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prb.org/Publications/Datasheets/2006/2006WorldPopulationDataSheet.aspx">"2006 World Population Data Sheet"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101222075621/http://prb.org/Publications/Datasheets/2006/2006WorldPopulationDataSheet.aspx">Archived</a> 2010-12-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 2005 estimate: (l) Carl Haub, 2005, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prb.org/Publications/Datasheets/2005/2005WorldPopulationDataSheet.aspx">"2005 World Population Data Sheet"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110414150237/http://www.prb.org/Publications/Datasheets/2005/2005WorldPopulationDataSheet.aspx">Archived</a> 2011-04-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 2004 estimate: (m) Carl Haub, 2004, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prb.org/pdf04/04WorldDataSheet_ENG.pdf">"2004 World Population Data Sheet"</a>. 2003 estimate: (n) Carl Haub, 2003, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~psc/WorldPopulationDS03_Eng.pdf">"2003 World Population Data Sheet"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190819182509/http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~psc/WorldPopulationDS03_Eng.pdf">Archived</a> 2019-08-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 2002 estimate: (o) Carl Haub, 2002, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prb.org/pdf/worldpopulationds02_eng.pdf">"2002 World Population Data Sheet"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171209093516/http://www.prb.org/pdf/WorldPopulationDS02_Eng.pdf">Archived</a> 2017-12-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 2001 estimate: (p) Carl Haub, 2001, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ined.fr/fichier/s_rubrique/18790/publi_pdf2_pop_and_soc_english_370.en.pdf">"2001 World Population Data Sheet"</a>. 2000 estimate: (q) 2000, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prb.org/Publications/Articles/2000/9BillionWorldPopulationby2050.aspx">"9 Billion World Population by 2050"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180201050626/http://www.prb.org/Publications/Articles/2000/9BillionWorldPopulationby2050.aspx">Archived</a> 2018-02-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 1997 estimate: (r) 1997, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epidemiolog.net/evolving/DemographyBasics.pdf">"Studying Populations"</a>. Estimates for 1995 and prior: (s) Carl Haub, 1995, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/popin/popis/journals/poptoday/today0295.html">"How Many People Have Ever Lived on Earth?"</a> <i>Population Today</i>, Vol. 23 (no. 2), pp. 5–6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_World_at_Six_Billion,_1999-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_World_at_Six_Billion,_1999_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Data from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/unpp/panel_population.htm">United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.</a> 1950–2100 estimates (only medium variants shown): (a) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esa.un.org/unpp/">World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511162049/http://esa.un.org/unpp/">Archived</a> 2011-05-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Estimates prior to 1950: (b) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbillion.htm">"The World at Six Billion", 1999.</a> Estimates from 1950 to 2100: (c) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geohive.com/earth/his_history3.aspx">"Population of the entire world, yearly, 1950 - 2100", 2013.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161119132504/http://www.geohive.com/earth/his_history3.aspx">Archived</a> November 19, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 2014: (d) <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/Highlights/WUP2014-Highlights.pdf">http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/Highlights/WUP2014-Highlights.pdf</a> "2014 World Urbanization Prospects", 2014.] 2015: (e) <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Publications/Files/Key_Findings_WPP_2015.pdf">http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Publications/Files/Key_Findings_WPP_2015.pdf</a>"2015 World Urbanization Prospects", 2015.] <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140320035709/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/unpp/panel_population.htm">Archived</a> March 20, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-www.ggdc.net/maddison/Historical_Statistics-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-www.ggdc.net/maddison/Historical_Statistics_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theworldeconomy.org/publications/worldeconomy/">Angus Maddison, 2003, <i>The World Economy: Historical Statistics</i>, Vol. 2, OECD, Paris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080513232041/http://www.theworldeconomy.org/publications/worldeconomy/">Archived</a> May 13, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/92-64-10412-7" title="Special:BookSources/92-64-10412-7">92-64-10412-7</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ggdc.net/maddison/Historical_Statistics/horizontal-file_02-2010.xls">"Statistical Appendix"</a> (2008, ggdc.net) "The historical data were originally developed in three books: Monitoring the World Economy 1820-1992, OECD, Paris 1995; The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective, OECD Development Centre, Paris 2001; The World Economy: Historical Statistics, OECD Development Centre, Paris 2003. All these contain detailed source notes. Figures for 1820 onwards are annual, wherever possible. For earlier years, benchmark figures are shown for 1 AD, 1000 AD, 1500, 1600 and 1700." "OECD countries GDP revised and updated 1991-2003 from National Accounts for OECD Countries, vol. I, 2006. Norway 1820-1990 GDP from Ola Grytten (2004), "The Gross Domestic Product for Norway, 1830-2003" in Eitrheim, Klovland and Qvigstad (eds), Historical Monetary Statistics for Norway, 1819-2003, Norges Bank, Oslo. Latin American GDP 2000-2003 revised and updated from ECLAC, Statistical Yearbook 2004 and preliminary version of the 2005 Yearbook supplied by Andre Hofman. For Chile, GDP 1820-2003 from Rolf Lűders (1998), "The Comparative Economic Performance of Chile 1810-1995", Estudios de Economia, vol. 25, no. 2, with revised population estimates from Diaz, J., R. Lűders, and G. Wagner (2005) Chili 1810-2000: la Republica en Cifras, mimeo, Instituto de Economia, Universidad Católica de Chile. For Peru, GDP 1896-1990 and population 1896-1949 from Bruno Seminario and Arlette Beltran, Crecimiento Economico en el Peru 1896-1995, Universidad del Pacifico, 1998. " "For Asia there are amendments to the GDP estimates for South and North Korea, 1911-74, to correct an error in Maddison (2003). Estimates for the Philippines, 1902-1940 were amended in line with Richard Hooley (2005), 'American Economic Policy in the Philippines, 1902-1940', Journal of Asian Economics, 16. 1820 estimates were amended for Hong Kong, the Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan and Thailand." "Asian countries GDP revised and updated 1998-2003 from AsianOutlook, April 2005. Population estimates for all countries except China and Indonesia revised and updated 1950-2008 and 2030 from International Data Base, International Programs Center, Population Division, US Bureau of the Census, April 2005 version. China's population 1990-2003 from China Statistical Yearbook 2005, China Statistics Press, Beijing. Indonesian population 1950-2003 kindly supplied by Pierre van der Eng. The figures now include three countries previously omitted: Cook Islands, Nauru and Tuvalu."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HYDE2010-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HYDE2010_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klein Goldewijk, K., A. Beusen, M. de Vos and G. van Drecht (2011). The HYDE 3.1 spatially explicit database of human induced land use change over the past 12,000 years, Global Ecology and Biogeography20(1): 73-86. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1466-8238.2010.00587.x">10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00587.x</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://themasites.pbl.nl/tridion/en/themasites/hyde/download/index-2.html">pbl.nl</a>). HYDE (History Database of the Global Environment), 2010. HYDE 3.1 gives estimates for 5000 BC, 1000 BC and "AD 0". HYDE estimates are higher than those by <a href="/wiki/Colin_McEvedy" title="Colin McEvedy">Colin McEvedy</a> (1978) but lower than those by Massimo Livi Bacci (1989, 2012). (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150221004127/http://itbulk.org/population/world-population-history/">graphs (itbulk.org)</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thesocialcontract.com2-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thesocialcontract.com2_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesocialcontract.com/artman2/publish/tsc0403/article_329.shtml">John H. Tanton, 1994, "End of the Migration Epoch? Time For a New Paradigm", The Social Contract, Vol. 4 (no 3), pp. 162–173</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-French_1980,_pp._1-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-French_1980,_pp._1_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Slightly updated data from original paper in French: (a) Jean-Noël Biraben, 1980, "An Essay Concerning Mankind's Evolution", Population, Selected Papers, Vol. 4, pp. 1–13. Original paper in French: (b) Jean-Noël Biraben, 1979, "Essai sur l'évolution du nombre des hommes", Population, Vol. 34 (no. 1), pp. 13–25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Richard_Jones_1978-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Richard_Jones_1978_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Colin McEvedy and Richard Jones, 1978, <i>Atlas of World Population History</i>, Facts on File, New York, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7139-1031-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7139-1031-3">0-7139-1031-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Thomlinson" title="Ralph Thomlinson">Ralph Thomlinson</a>, 1975, <i>Demographic Problems: Controversy over population control</i>, 2nd Ed., Dickenson Publishing Company, Ecino, CA, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8221-0166-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8221-0166-1">0-8221-0166-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-John_D._Durand_1974-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-John_D._Durand_1974_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John D. Durand, 1974, "Historical Estimates of World Population: An Evaluation", University of Pennsylvania, Population Center, Analytical and Technical Reports, Number 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Colin_Clark_1967-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Colin_Clark_1967_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Colin Clark, 1967, <i>Population Growth and Land Use</i>, St. Martin's Press, New York, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-01126-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-01126-0">0-333-01126-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Haub (1995): "By 1 A.D., the world may have held about 300 million people. One estimate of the population of the Roman Empire, from Spain to Asia Minor, in 14 A.D. is 45 million. However, other historians set the figure twice as high, suggesting how imprecise population estimates of early historical periods can be."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The present figures are a revision and update of those presented on this website in 2003. The most significant changes are in the entries for the year 1, where gaps in previous tables have been filled with the new estimates for the Roman Empire in Maddison (2007). The estimates are in fact for 14 AD"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mnp.nl-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mnp.nl_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0959683609356587">Data</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://themasites.pbl.nl/tridion/en/themasites/hyde/index.html">History Database of the Global Environment.</a> K. Klein Goldewijk, A. Beusen and P. Janssen, "HYDE 3.1: Long-term dynamic modeling of global population and built-up area in a spatially explicit way", from table on pg. 2, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (MNP), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The estimates are in fact for 14 AD"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVogt2024" class="citation web cs1">Vogt, Katja (February 13, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/seneca/">"Seneca"</a>. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seneca&rft.series=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.date=2024-02-13&rft.aulast=Vogt&rft.aufirst=Katja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fseneca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A0s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFan" class="citation book cs1">Fan, Ye. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chinesenotes.com/houhanshu/houhanshu019.html"><i>Book of the Later Han</i></a>. Vol. 16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Book+of+the+Later+Han&rft.aulast=Fan&rft.aufirst=Ye&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchinesenotes.com%2Fhouhanshu%2Fhouhanshu019.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A0s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ban-Biao">"Ban Biao - Chinese official"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Ban+Biao+-+Chinese+official&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FBan-Biao&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A0s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSanders1993" class="citation book cs1">Sanders, E. P. (1993). <i>The Historical Figure of Jesus</i> (1st ed.). London: Allen Lane. pp. <span class="nowrap">10–</span>11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0713990591" title="Special:BookSources/978-0713990591"><bdi>978-0713990591</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Figure+of+Jesus&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E10-%3C%2Fspan%3E11&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Allen+Lane&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0713990591&rft.aulast=Sanders&rft.aufirst=E.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A0s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKamm2008" class="citation book cs1">Kamm, Antony (August 13, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ckLls7tIrH8C&pg=PA63"><i>The Romans: An Introduction</i></a>. Routledge. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-04799-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-04799-4"><bdi>978-1-134-04799-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Romans%3A+An+Introduction&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008-08-13&rft.isbn=978-1-134-04799-4&rft.aulast=Kamm&rft.aufirst=Antony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DckLls7tIrH8C%26pg%3DPA63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A0s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSuetonius2000" class="citation book cs1">Suetonius (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JsNxkG6Ai9sC&dq=tiberius&pg=PR36"><i>Lives of the Caesars</i></a>. OUP Oxford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-953756-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-953756-3"><bdi>978-0-19-953756-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lives+of+the+Caesars&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-19-953756-3&rft.au=Suetonius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJsNxkG6Ai9sC%26dq%3Dtiberius%26pg%3DPR36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A0s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMommsen1996" class="citation book cs1">Mommsen, Theodor (1996). Demandt, Alexander (ed.). <i>A History of Rome Under the Emperors</i>. Routledge (UK). p. 107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415101134" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415101134"><bdi>978-0415101134</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Rome+Under+the+Emperors&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=Routledge+%28UK%29&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0415101134&rft.aulast=Mommsen&rft.aufirst=Theodor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A0s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Chronicon_(Jerome)" title="Chronicon (Jerome)">Chronicon</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/jerome_chronicle_03_part2.htm">2020</a>) says he died in AD 4 in the 70th year of his life, which would place the year of his birth at 65 BC.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoberts" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, John. <i>The Oxford dictionary of the classical world</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 799. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780192801463" title="Special:BookSources/9780192801463"><bdi>9780192801463</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+dictionary+of+the+classical+world&rft.pages=799&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=9780192801463&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A0s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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