Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice

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this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,_e,_,D,ot,ct,je,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script><meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><meta http-equiv="Expires" content="0" /><meta name="DCSext.FullHTMLview" content="1" /><meta name="WT.cg_n" content="njcp" /><meta name="WT.cg_s" content="Articles,Open Access Articles" /><meta name="wkhealth_journal_title" content="Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice" /><meta name="wkhealth_journal_title_legacy" content="Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice" /><meta name="wkhealth_issue" content="6" /><meta name="wkhealth_article_publication_date" content="June 29, 2024" /><meta name="wkhealth_volume" content="27" /><meta name="wkhealth_ovid_accession_number" content="01253091-202406000-00014" /><meta name="wkhealth_issn" content="1119-3077" /><meta name="wkhealth_title" content="Comfort Level of Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis and Associated Factors in Turkey: A Cross-Sectional Study" /><meta name="wkhealth_authors" content="Yanmiş, S;Molllaoğlu, M" /><meta name="wkhealth_doi" content="10.4103/njcp.njcp_890_23" /><meta name="wkhealth_abstract_html_url" content="https://journals.lww.com/njcp/abstract/2024/06000/comfort_level_of_patients_undergoing_hemodialysis.14.aspx" /><meta name="wkhealth_fulltext_html_url" content="https://journals.lww.com/njcp/fulltext/2024/06000/comfort_level_of_patients_undergoing_hemodialysis.14.aspx" /><meta name="wkhealth_toc_section" content="Original Article" /><meta name="wkhealth_toc_sub_section" /><meta name="wkhealth_eJpId" content="njcp:2024:06000:00014" /><meta name="wkhealth_firstpage" content="779" /><meta name="wkhealth_date" content="June 2024" /><meta name="wkhealth_pdf_url" content="https://journals.lww.com/njcp/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/downloadpdf.aspx?trckng_src_pg=Other&an=01253091-202406000-00014" /><meta name="Description" content="Background: Hemodialysis is one of the treatment methods for chronic kidney disease, which is a c" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="LWW" /><meta property="og:type" content="article" /><meta property="og:title" content="Comfort Level of Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis and... : Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice" /><meta property="og:description" content="hemodialysis patients. Aim: To determine the comfort level of patients undergoing hemodialysis and the associated factors. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 95 patients who had been undergoing hemodialysis for at least 6 months. Data were collected using the sociodemographic characteristics form and the Hemodialysis Comfort Scale (HDCS). Results: The mean age of the participants was 58.37 ± 16.62 years. The median duration of hemodialysis was 5 (1–25) years. A total of 51% of the patients were male, 54.7% were married, 34.7% had completed primary school, and 85.3% had a comorbid chronic disease. The mean hemodialysis comfort score was 23.85 ± 6.93. The mean score was significantly higher in male patients (P = 0.041) and those without comorbid chronic disease (P = 0.013). There was a significant negative correlation between the age of hemodialysis patients and the mean hemodialysis comfort score (r = -0.260, P = 0.011). Conclusion: The comfort level was significantly better in hemodialysis patients who were male, those without comorbid disease, and those who were younger. There is a need to periodically assess the comfort level of hemodialysis patients and intervene when necessary in order to improve their quality of life...." /><meta property="og:image" content="https://images.journals.lww.com/njcp/SocialThumb.01253091-202406000-00014.T1.jpeg" /><meta property="og:image:width" content="507" /><meta property="og:image:height" content="783" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://journals.lww.com/njcp/fulltext/2024/06000/comfort_level_of_patients_undergoing_hemodialysis.14.aspx" /><meta property="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="robots" content="index, follow, noarchive" /><meta name="WT.sv" content="ZUSE1PEJPWEB01" /><meta name="Title" content="Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice" /><style id="SPThemeHideForms" type="text/css">body {opacity:0 !important}</style>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Arvo:400,400i,700|Fira+Sans:300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,600,600i,700,700i&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /> <script> // temporary workaround for Bug 316328:[Stage][Registration][Regression 05.04] - Omniture events are not displayed for article viewer page // prevents JS exception in Adobe launch.js caused by situation when wkhealth_institution_type meta tag is present while wkhealth_institution_name tag is not in the page head // see this check in Adobe launch.js: null != document.querySelector("meta[name='wkhealth_institution_name']") ... // TODO: implement proper code fix after release 05.04.00 deployment var wkhealth_institution_type = document.querySelector("meta[name='wkhealth_institution_type']"); var wkhealth_institution_name = document.querySelector("meta[name='wkhealth_institution_name']"); console.warn(wkhealth_institution_type); console.warn(wkhealth_institution_name); if (wkhealth_institution_type && !wkhealth_institution_name) { console.warn('Workaround in release 05.04.00 - removing wkhealth_institution_type meta tag if wkhealth_institution_name is not present'); 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<section class="wk-modal-content"> <header class="wk-modal-header ejp-modal-header"> <div class="wk-modal-title ejp-modal-title"></div> <button aria-label="close dialog" class="js-close primary-button wk-button-icon wk-modal-close ejp-modal-close "><i class="fa fa-times"></i></button> </header> <div class="wk-modal-body"> <div class="wk-field-item"> <p> <span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_lblUnsubscribeMessage"></span> </p> <div class="wk-button-bar"> <div class="wk-button-group-left"> <p id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pUnsubscribeButtons" Style="display: none;"> <input type="submit" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$btnContinue" value="Yes" onclick="javascript:WebForm_DoPostBackWithOptions(new WebForm_PostBackOptions("ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$btnContinue", "", true, "", "", false, false))" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_btnContinue" class="primary-button" /> <input type="button" value="No" id="btnCancel" aria-label="close dialog" class="js-close secondary-button" /> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ej-clear-float"> </div> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$hiddenUnSubscribeAlertType" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnSubscribeAlertType" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$hiddenUnsubscribeJournalId" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeJournalId" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$hiddenUnsubscribeMessage" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeMessage" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$hiddenTopicalCollectionId" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenTopicalCollectionId" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$hiddenOvidId" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenOvidId" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$hiddenJournalId" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId" /> <script type="text/javascript"> function alerts_ShowUnSubscribeeTOCPopup(title, alertType, journalId) { var unSubscribeeTocPopup = $find('unSubscribeToAlerts'); var lblUnsubscribeMessage = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_lblUnsubscribeMessage'); lblUnsubscribeMessage.innerHTML = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnSubscribeAlertType').value = alertType; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeMessage').value = title; $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pUnsubscribeButtons').show(); if (document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId').value == null || document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId').value == '') { document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId').value = journalId; } if (unSubscribeeTocPopup != null) { unSubscribeeTocPopup.show(); } } function alerts_ShowUnSubscribeeTOCPopup_Root(title, journalId, alertType) { var unSubscribeeTocPopup = $find('unSubscribeToAlerts'); var lblUnsubscribeMessage = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_lblUnsubscribeMessage'); lblUnsubscribeMessage.innerHTML = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeMessage').value = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnSubscribeAlertType').value = alertType; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeJournalId').value = journalId; $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pUnsubscribeButtons').show(); if (unSubscribeeTocPopup != null) { unSubscribeeTocPopup.show(); } } function alerts_ShowUnSubscribeeTOCPopup_Citation(title, journalId, ovidId) { var unSubscribeeTocPopup = $find('unSubscribeToAlerts'); var lblUnsubscribeMessage = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_lblUnsubscribeMessage'); lblUnsubscribeMessage.innerHTML = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeMessage').value = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnSubscribeAlertType').value = 'Citation'; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeJournalId').value = journalId; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenOvidId').value = ovidId; $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pUnsubscribeButtons').show(); if (unSubscribeeTocPopup != null) { unSubscribeeTocPopup.show(); } } function alerts_ShowUnSubscribeeTOCPopup_Topical(title, journalId, topicalCollectionId) { var unSubscribeeTocPopup = $find('unSubscribeToAlerts'); var lblUnsubscribeMessage = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_lblUnsubscribeMessage'); lblUnsubscribeMessage.innerHTML = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeMessage').value = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnSubscribeAlertType').value = 'Topical'; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeJournalId').value = journalId; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenTopicalCollectionId').value = topicalCollectionId; $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pUnsubscribeButtons').show(); if (document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId').value == null || document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId').value == '') { document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId').value = journalId; } if (unSubscribeeTocPopup != null) { unSubscribeeTocPopup.show(); } } function alerts_ShowUnSubscribeeTOCSuccessPopup() { var unSubscribeeTocPopup = $find('unSubscribeToAlerts'); if (unSubscribeeTocPopup != null) { unSubscribeeTocPopup.show(); } } $('.js-close').on('click', function() { var unSubscribeeTocPopup = $find('unSubscribeToAlerts'); if (unSubscribeeTocPopup != null) { unSubscribeeTocPopup.hide(); } return false; }); </script> <span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_dummyTargetControl"></span> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$hiddenSubscribeToEtocPopupState" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenSubscribeToEtocPopupState" value="showemail" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$hiddenConfirmSubscriptionPageUrl" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenConfirmSubscriptionPageUrl" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$hiddenJournalId" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenJournalId" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$hiddenSubscriptionType" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenSubscriptionType" /> <div id="divPopupOverLay" class="Popup-Overlay" style="display: none; position: fixed; left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 3800; width: 1920px; height: 4517px;"></div> <div id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pnlSubscribeToEtoc" class="etoc-popup ej-box-modal-drop-shadow" style="display: none;"> <div tabindex="-1" role="dialog" class="wk-modal horizontally-centered small wk-modal-with-overlay wk-modal-small ejp-modal"> <div id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pnlMain" onkeypress="javascript:return WebForm_FireDefaultButton(event, 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_btnContinue')"> <section class="wk-modal-content"> <header class="wk-modal-header ejp-modal-header"> <div class="wk-modal-title ejp-modal-title"> <span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_lblTitle"></span> </div> <button aria-label="close dialog" class="js-close primary-button wk-button-icon wk-modal-close ejp-modal-close "> <i class="fa fa-times"></i> </button> </header> <div class="wk-modal-body"> <div class="wk-field-item"> <div class="wk-field-body"> <strong> <span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_lblThankYouMessage"></span></strong> </div> <div class="wk-field-body"> <span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_cvEmailError" style="color:Black;display:none;"> <div class="ej-error-message"> <p class="ej-error-message-icon error-red"> </p> </div> </span> <label for="Email input">Enter your Email address:</label> <div class="wk-field-body"> <input name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$txtEmailAddress" type="text" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_txtEmailAddress" class="ej-box-modal-style-1-input" /> </div> </div> <div class="wk-button-bar"> <div class="wk-button-group-left"> <input type="submit" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$btnContinue" value="Continue" onclick="javascript:WebForm_DoPostBackWithOptions(new WebForm_PostBackOptions("ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$btnContinue", "", true, "", "", false, false))" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_btnContinue" class="primary-button" /> <input type="button" value="Cancel" id="btnCancel" class="js-close secondary-button" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wk-field-item"> <div class="wk-field-body"> <a id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hypPrivacy" href="https://journals.lww.com/njcp/_layouts/oaks.journals/privacy.aspx" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pnlAuthenticatedUser" style="display: none;"> <section class="wk-modal-content"> <header class="wk-modal-header ejp-modal-header"> <div class="wk-modal-title ejp-modal-title"></div> <button aria-label="close dialog" class="js-close primary-button wk-button-icon wk-modal-close ejp-modal-close "><i class="fa fa-times"></i></button> </header> <div class="wk-modal-body"> <div class="wk-field-item"> <p> <strong> <span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_lblAuthenticatedUserTitle"></span> </strong> </p> </div> <p id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pAuthenticatedUserMessage"> </p> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ej-clear-float"> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> function alerts_SaveSubscriptionTypeInHiddenField(url, subscriptionType, journalId, yearId, issueId, articleId) { if (journalId && yearId && issueId && articleId) { logCounterDataAlertWhenCitedSynchronously(journalId, yearId, issueId, articleId); } $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenSubscriptionType').val(subscriptionType); $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenJournalId').val(journalId); if (url) window.location = url; else __doPostBack('hypSubscribeToAlerts'); return false; } function alerts_ShowSubscribeeTOCPopup(journalTitle, journalId, subscriptionType, displaySubscriptionType) { $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenSubscriptionType').val(subscriptionType); var subscribeToEtocPopup = $find('subscribeToEtoc'); subscribeToEtocPopup.show(); document.getElementsByTagName( 'html' )[0].classList.add('no-scroll'); var modelPopupState = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenSubscribeToEtocPopupState'); var emailTextBox = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_txtEmailAddress'); var thanksPanel = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pnlAuthenticatedUser'); var mainPanel = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pnlMain'); var thankYouMessageUnAuthenticated = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_lblThankYouMessage'); var thankYouMessageAuthenticated = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_lblAuthenticatedUserTitle'); if (!displaySubscriptionType) { displaySubscriptionType = subscriptionType; } if (modelPopupState.value == 'showthanksmessage') { thanksPanel.style.display = "block"; mainPanel.style.display = "none"; thankYouMessageAuthenticated.innerHTML = "Thank you for subscribing to the " + displaySubscriptionType + " for " + journalTitle + "."; } if (modelPopupState.value == 'showemail') { thanksPanel.style.display = "none"; mainPanel.style.display = "block"; thankYouMessageUnAuthenticated.innerHTML = "Thank you for choosing to subscribe to the " + displaySubscriptionType + " for " + journalTitle + "."; } if ($('.etoc-popup') != null) { document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenJournalId').value = journalId; if (modelPopupState.value == 'showemail') emailTextBox.focus(); } } $('.js-close').on('click', function () { document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_txtEmailAddress').value = ""; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_cvEmailError').style.display = "none"; var pageUrl = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenConfirmSubscriptionPageUrl'); var subscribeeTocPopup = $find('subscribeToEtoc'); if (subscribeeTocPopup != null) { subscribeeTocPopup.hide(); document.getElementsByTagName( 'html' )[0].classList.remove('no-scroll'); if (pageUrl.value !== '' && pageUrl.value !== window.location.pathname) window.location = pageUrl.value; } return false; }); </script> <div id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_eTocTopContainer"> <div id="eTocTop" style="display: none;"> <a rel="nofollow" title href="javascript:javascript: alerts_ShowSubscribeeTOCPopup('Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice','njcp','eTOC', 'eTOC');;" onclick="javascript: alerts_ShowSubscribeeTOCPopup('Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice','njcp','eTOC', 'eTOC');"><span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_alertLinkControlTop_defaultText" class="hideOnFixed">Subscribe to eTOC</span></a> </div> </div> <script> $(function () { //find recent searches link and move container var recentSearchesControl = $("a[id$='RecentSearches']"); if (recentSearchesControl.length) { recentSearchesControl.click(function (e) { e.stopPropagation(); if ($("#ResentSearchContainer").is(":hidden")) { $("#ResentSearchContainer").slideDown("slow"); recentSearchesControl.addClass('open'); } else { $("#ResentSearchContainer").hide(); recentSearchesControl.removeClass('open'); } }); } var eTocAccountLink = $("ul.js-user-action-toolbar__dropdown>li>a[id='SubscribeToEToc']"); if (eTocAccountLink.length) { eTocAccountLink.parent().html($("#eTocTop>a")); } }); </script> <a class="logo-secondary white" href="http://wolterskluwer.com/" target="_blank"> <h3 class="logo-secondary-text">Secondary Logo</h3> </a> <a href="#" class="sticky-search"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></a> </div> <div class="header__layout-bottom wk-grid-page-container"> <a id="hypJournals" class="logo-main" href="https://journals.lww.com/njcp/pages/default.aspx"> <h3 class="logo-main-text">Journal Logo </h3> </a> <div class="search-v2"> <div class="search-wrapper"> <select name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$SearchTopBoxControl$ddlContentScope" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_ddlContentScope"> <option value="All">All</option> <option selected="selected" value="Articles">Articles</option> <option value="Images">Images</option> <option value="Videos">Videos</option> <option value="Podcasts">Podcasts</option> <option value="Blogs">Blogs</option> </select> <div class="input-group" id="globalSearch"> <input name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$SearchTopBoxControl$txtKeywords" type="text" value="Search" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_txtKeywords" class="form-control searchText" /> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_btnGlobalSearchMagnifier" type="submit" class="btn btn-default"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></button> </span> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$SearchTopBoxControl$IsAutoCompleteEnabled" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_IsAutoCompleteEnabled" value="false" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$SearchTopBoxControl$AutocompleteApiUrl" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_AutocompleteApiUrl" value="https://platformservices.wolterskluwerhealth.com/autocomplete/njcp/shingle/" /> </div> </div> <div class="advance-search" style=""> <a id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_lnkAdvanceSearch" href="https://journals.lww.com/njcp/pages/advancedsearch.aspx">Advanced Search</a> <input type="submit" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$SearchTopBoxControl$btnGlobalSearch" value="" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_btnGlobalSearch" disabled="disabled" class="aspNetDisabled btnGlobalSearch" style="display: none;" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$SearchTopBoxControl$hfldKeywords" type="hidden" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_hfldKeywords" class="hfldKeywords" value="disableButton" /> </div> </div> <script> $(function() { try { var objSearchBox = { btnGlobalSearchMagnifierId: 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_btnGlobalSearchMagnifier', searchButtonId: 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_btnGlobalSearch', txtKeywordsId: 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_txtKeywords', hfldKeywordsHiddenId: 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_hfldKeywords', defaultSearchText: 'Search' }; new Searchbox(objSearchBox).Init(); } catch (e) { console.error(e); } }); //autocomplete functionality for basic search //this functionality will call the SBA url and start suggesting after typing 3rd character var textKeywords = null; var hiddenAutocompleteApiUrl = null; var buttonGlobalSearch = null; $(function () { try { var objAutocomplete = { hiddenIsAutoCompleteEnabled: $('#ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_IsAutoCompleteEnabled'), textKeywords: $('#ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_txtKeywords'), hiddenAutocompleteApiUrl: $('#ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_AutocompleteApiUrl'), buttonGlobalSearch: $('#ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_btnGlobalSearch'), enableNewAutoComplete: true, newAutoCompleteUrl: 'https://dxg-search-na-prd.wkgposvc.cloud/Query.svc/Query_Expand', newAutoCompleteMaxSuggestions: '10', newAutoCompleteDictionaryIds: 'ovid_sted28_mesh22' }; autoComplete(objAutocomplete); } catch (e) { console.error(e); } }); $(function () { let searchSelect = $('select[id$="ddlContentScope"]');; if (searchSelect.length){ searchSelect.selectize(); } }); </script> </div> <div id="main-nav-container-v2"> <nav id="main-nav" class="navbar navbar-default yamm wk-grid-page-container"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button id="fatJuicy" type="button" class="navbar-hamburger-button navbar-toggle collapsed pull-left" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#zz1_TopNavigationMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="navbar"> <span class="visually-hidden">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="navbar-hamburger-button__text"></span> </button> </div> <div id="navActionButtons" class="btn-group navbar-hover-color" role="group" aria-label="..."> <a id="ctl00_ctl51_lnkRegister" class="btn btn-default navbar-button" href="https://journals.lww.com/njcp/pages/register.aspx?ContextUrl=%2fnjcp%2ffulltext%2f2024%2f06000%2fcomfort_level_of_patients_undergoing_hemodialysis.14.aspx">Register</a> <button class="user-menu__link user-menu__link--login js-ejp-login-btn btn btn-default navbar-button" type="button" data-config="{"eventName":"login","eventDetail":{},"isNull":false}"> <span>Login</span> </button> </div> <div id="ctl00_ctl51_TopNavigationMenuConfiguration" style="display:none" class="js-top-navigation-menu-configuration" data-config="{"browsingHistory":{"isEnabled":true,"serviceUrl":"https://apim-hlrp-ejp-prod.azure-api.net/ee","pdfDownloadUrl":"/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/downloadpdf.aspx?trckng_src_pg=HistoryTab"}}"></div> <div id="zz1_TopNavigationMenu" class="navbar-collapse collapse js-top-navigation-menu noindex ms-core-listMenu-horizontalBox"> <ul id="zz2_RootAspMenu" class="root ms-core-listMenu-root static"> <li class="static selected"><a class="static selected menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-core-listMenu-selected ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/NJCP/pages/default.aspx" accesskey="1"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Home</span><span class="ms-hidden">Currently selected</span></span></a></li><li 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Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis and Associated Factors in Turkey: A Cross-Sectional Study', '06292024', 'S Yanmiş and M Molllaoğlu', '27', '6', 'Copyright: \u00A9 2024 Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice', '01253091-202406000-00014', '', true, ''); } </script> <div id="ArticleContainer"> <article id="ej-article-view" class="js-article-view ej-article-view" xmlns:ssr="http://ssr-eus-go-csi.cloudapp.net/v1/assets" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><section class="ejp-r-article-subsection"><div class="ejp-r-article-subsection__text">Original Article</div></section><header class="ejp-article-header"><h1 class="ejp-article-title">Comfort Level of Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis and Associated Factors in Turkey: A Cross-Sectional Study</h1></header><section id="ejp-article-authors"><p id="P7">Yanmiş, S; Molllaoğlu, M<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">1</sup></p><section><a href="#" id="ejp-article-authors-link"> Author Information <i class="wk-icon-arrow-down-r"></i></a></section></section><section id="ejp-article-authors-info" class="ejp-article-authors-info ejp-article-authors-info--hidden"><div class="ejp-article-authors-info-holder"> <p id="">Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey</p> <p id=""><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">1</sup>Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey</p> <p id="cor1"><strong xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">Address for correspondence:</strong> Dr. S Yanmiş, Associate Professor, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, Erzincan, Turkey. E-mail: <span><a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#e18c80888d958edb92808788988498808f8c8892d7d0a1868c80888dcf828e8c" onclick="javascript:window.open('mailto:mailto:safiyeyanmis61@gmail.com');return false"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="0f7c6e6966766a766e6162667c393e4f68626e6663216c6062">[email protected]</span></a></span></p> <p id="">This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.</p> </div></section><section id="article-journal-info"><div class="ej-journal-info"><span class="ej-journal-name">Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice </span><span id="ej-journal-date-volume-issue-pg"><a href="/njcp/toc/2024/06000">27(6):p 779-784, June 2024.</a></span><span> | </span><span class="ej-journal-doi">DOI: </span>10.4103/njcp.njcp_890_23<a id="ej-article-indicators-ccl" onmouseover="javascript:Tooltip_CCL('Creative Commons License Information')" onmouseout="javascript:Tooltip_MouseOut()" href="" target="_blank"><span class="ejp-article-indicators__ccl"></span></a></div></section><section id="ejp-article-indicators" class="ejp-article-indicators"><ul class="ejp-article-indicators__list"> <li id="ej-article-indicators-open" class="ejp-article-indicators__list-item" onmouseover="javascript:Tooltip_Open()" onmouseout="javascript:Tooltip_MouseOut()"><span class="ejp-indicator">Open</span></li> </ul><button id="openArticleMetricsPopupButton" type="button" class="wk-button wk-button-ghost wk-button-icon-left ejp-article-metrics-btn" data-articleMetricsEndpoint="//services.journals.lww.com/IntegrationServices/ArticleMetricsService.svc" data-articleMetricsDetailsUrl="https://wolterskluwer.altmetric.com/details/" data-doi="10.4103/njcp.njcp_890_23" data-suiteId="vrs_woltere_journalsglobalvrs" data-articlePublicationDate="2024-06-29" data-articlePublicationDateString="June 29, 2024" data-receivedDate="2023-12-31" data-revisionReceivedDate="2024-04-15" data-acceptedDate="2024-05-28" data-crossrefRefLinkRoot="https://doi.org/" data-medlineRefLinkRoot="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/" data-pubMedId="38943304"><i class="wk-icon-filled-chart-r"></i><i class="wk-icon-filled-chart-white-r"></i> Metrics </button></section><section class="ejp-article-tabs" id="abstractWrap"><h2 class="ejp-article-tabs-heading">Abstract</h2> <div class="ejp-article-tabs__tabpanel" id="panel1" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab1"> <div id="article-abstract-content1"> <div class="ejp-article-text-abstract"> <h3>Background: </h3> <p>Hemodialysis is one of the treatment methods for chronic kidney disease, which is a common disease around the world. The problems that occur during the hemodialysis process may cause discomfort in patients. Therefore, it is important to regularly evaluate the concept of comfort in hemodialysis patients.</p> <h3>Aim: </h3> <p>To determine the comfort level of patients undergoing hemodialysis and the associated factors.</p> <h3>Methods: </h3> <p>This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 95 patients who had been undergoing hemodialysis for at least 6 months. Data were collected using the sociodemographic characteristics form and the Hemodialysis Comfort Scale (HDCS).</p> <h3>Results: </h3> <p>The mean age of the participants was 58.37 ± 16.62 years. The median duration of hemodialysis was 5 (1–25) years. A total of 51% of the patients were male, 54.7% were married, 34.7% had completed primary school, and 85.3% had a comorbid chronic disease. The mean hemodialysis comfort score was 23.85 ± 6.93. The mean score was significantly higher in male patients (<em xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">P</em> = 0.041) and those without comorbid chronic disease (<em xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">P</em> = 0.013). There was a significant negative correlation between the age of hemodialysis patients and the mean hemodialysis comfort score (r = -0.260, <em xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">P</em> = 0.011).</p> <h3>Conclusion: </h3> <p>The comfort level was significantly better in hemodialysis patients who were male, those without comorbid disease, and those who were younger. There is a need to periodically assess the comfort level of hemodialysis patients and intervene when necessary in order to improve their quality of life.</p> </div> </div> </div></section><div class="ejp-fulltext-content js-ejp-fulltext-content"><section id="ArticleBody"><h2 class="ejp-article-outline-heading" data-level="1" id="sec1-1">I<span style="font-variant: small-caps;" xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">NTRODUCTION</span></h2> <p id="JCL-P-5">Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common health problem in Turkey and around the world, and its prevalence is gradually increasing.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R1">1</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">,</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R2">2</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> It is estimated that 850 million people worldwide have CKD.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R1">1</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> CKD causes at least 2.4 million deaths per year and is currently the sixth leading cause of death.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R1">1</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> In order for patients with CKD to survive, renal replacement therapies such as hemodialysis are used in their management. The most common method of treating CKD in Turkey and around the world is hemodialysis.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R2">2</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup></p> <p id="JCL-P-6">During the process of hemodialysis treatment, factors such as the long distance between home and the center, the necessity of being present at the center, frequent visits to hospitals, dialysis sessions lasting 3–4 hours 3 times a week, compliance with diet and fluid restriction, drug treatments, prolonged painful procedures, and disease-related insomnia may cause discomfort for patients.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R3 R4 R5">3-5</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup></p> <p id="JCL-P-7">Comfort is a basic human need, a result of nursing practice, and a basic concept in nursing that is needed throughout life.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R6">6</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> Comfort, which enables the systematic planning of patients’ physical, sociocultural, psychosocial, and environmental care in nursing practices, is handled at three levels as refreshment, relaxation, and overcoming problems. The main aim of nursing care is to ensure the comfort of patients.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R7">7</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">,</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R8">8</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> According to Kolcaba, there is a positive relationship between patient comfort and desired health-seeking behavior. Furthermore, comfort is not only the absence of disturbing situations but rather a feeling of well-being.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R7">7</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">,</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R9">9</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> The concept of comfort is subjective in the sense that comfort for one patient may be different from comfort for another. For this reason, the planning and implementation of comfort measures is one of the most important goals in the art of caring for patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment. Hemodialysis patients spend a significant duration in the hemodialysis unit, which is a factor that disrupts their comfort.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R4">4</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">,</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R5">5</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup></p> <p id="JCL-P-8">In addition to meeting the health needs of individuals and their families, “ensuring comfort” has an important place in nursing science. For the majority of patients, nursing interventions aim to provide relief and comfort. The concept of comfort is therefore directly related to nursing.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R9 R10 R11">9-11</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> Periodic assessment of the comfort level of hemodialysis patients and identifying those with discomfort will help to institute individualized interventions aimed at improving their comfort and overall quality of life. The present study aimed to determine the comfort level of hemodialysis patients and some associated factors in Turkey.</p> <h2 class="ejp-article-outline-heading" data-level="1" id="sec1-2">M<span style="font-variant: small-caps;" xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">ETHODS</span></h2> <h3 class="ejp-article-outline-heading" data-level="2" id="sec2-1">Date and place of the study</h3> <p id="JCL-P-9">The study had a descriptive cross-sectional design and was conducted with patients treated in the dialysis unit and nephrology ward of Sivas Cumhuriyet University Medical Faculty Research and Application Hospital in Sivas province of Turkey between January and April 2019.</p> <h3 class="ejp-article-outline-heading" data-level="2" id="sec2-2">Population and sample of the study</h3> <p id="JCL-P-10">The sample of the study consisted of patients over 18 years of age who were in the dialysis unit and the nephrology ward between January and April 2019, who started hemodialysis treatment at least 6 months ago, received hemodialysis treatment two or three times a week, did not have any communication problems, and volunteered to participate in the study. Patients were excluded if they had communication problems or did not agree to participate in the study. Post-hoc power analysis of the study was calculated in the GPower 3.1 program. According to the results, an effect size of 0.81 was obtained with a power of 87% and a margin of error of 0.05. In this case, it was determined that the sample size should be at least 94. According to the results of the power analysis, it was determined that the sample size was sufficient and the data collected were sufficient.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R12">12</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> In this study, 110 patients were reached, 15 patients (13.7%) were excluded from the study because they did not meet the study criteria, and 95 (86.3%) patients who met the study criteria and responded completely to the questionnaires were included in the study.</p> <p id="JCL-P-11"><em xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">The Sociodemographic Characteristics Form</em> was developed through a literature review.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R3">3</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">,</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R4">4</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">,</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R6">6</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">,</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R13">13</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> It contained nine questions in total. The form included information on age, gender, marital status, occupation, educational status, presence of other chronic diseases, the person living with the patient, duration of hemodialysis, and biochemical parameters such as hemoglobin, erythrocyte, serum albumin, total protein, and serum iron.</p> <p id="JCL-P-12"><em xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">The Hemodialysis Comfort Scale (HDCS)</em> was developed by Sahin Orak<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R6">6</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> to measure the comfort level of hemodialysis patients based on the General Comfort Scale. The HDCS had 9 items in the form of a 5-point Likert style with two subdimensions, “Coping” (items 1–6) and “Relaxation” (items 7–9). Responses to the fourth item of the scale are scored as 1 point for “never”, 2 points for “very rarely”, 3 points for “sometimes”, 4 points for “very often”, and 5 points for “always”. Responses to other items (1–3, 5–9) are scored in reverse order. The lowest score that can be obtained from the scale is 9, while the highest score is 45. As the score approaches 45, the level of comfort increases.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R6">6</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> The Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was 0.87 in the original scale.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R6">6</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> In this study, the Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.88.</p> <h3 class="ejp-article-outline-heading" data-level="2" id="sec2-3">Data collection</h3> <p id="JCL-P-13">The data were collected between the specified dates by using the Sociodemographic Characteristics Form and the HDCS by the researcher through face-to-face interviews while the patients were receiving hemodialysis treatment. The researcher read the questions to the participants and recorded their answers. It took approximately 15 minutes for each participant to complete the forms.</p> <h3 class="ejp-article-outline-heading" data-level="2" id="sec2-4">Analysis of study data</h3> <p id="JCL-P-14">Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 23.0 software was used to analyze the data. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to test the normality of the distribution of continuous variables. The data conformed to a normal distribution. Descriptive statistical methods (number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values) and parametric tests (Student’s <em xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">t</em>-test for comparison of two independent groups, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis for comparison of three or more independent groups) were used to analyze the data. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were calculated to test validity and reliability, and <em xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">P</em> < 0.05 was accepted as the level of significance in the analyses.</p> <h3 class="ejp-article-outline-heading" data-level="2" id="sec2-5">Ethical considerations</h3> <p id="JCL-P-15">The study was conducted in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was obtained from the Ondokuz Mayıs University Clinical Research Ethics Committee (on 10.01.2019 with the number B.30.2.ODM.0.20.08/193) and from the dialysis unit and nephrology clinic of the university hospital where the study was conducted. Prior to data collection, participants were informed about the study, and their written informed consent was obtained. Patients who agreed to participate in the study were informed that the personal information they provided would be kept confidential by the researcher and would not be disclosed to third parties.</p> <h2 class="ejp-article-outline-heading" data-level="1" id="sec1-3">R<span style="font-variant: small-caps;" xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">ESULTS</span></h2> <p id="JCL-P-16">A total of 95 participants were included in the study. The patients had a mean age of 58.37 ± 16.62 years. The median duration of hemodialysis was 5 years [interquartile range (IQR) 1–25]. A total of 51% were female, 54.7% were married, 34.7% were primary school graduates, 85.3% had additional chronic diseases, and 86.3% lived with their families [<a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="javascript:showSlideShowByImageID('T1', '01253091-202406000-00014');">Table 1</a>].</p><section class="ejp-r-article-images"><figure class="ejp-r-article-images__figure"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="ejp-r-article-images__image-link" onclick="showSlideShowByImageID('T1', '01253091-202406000-00014')"><img class="ejp-r-article-images__img js-lazy-load lazy-load" src="javascript:void(0);" data-src="https://images.journals.lww.com/njcp/ArticleViewerPreview.01253091-202406000-00014.T1.jpeg" data-srcset="https://images.journals.lww.com/njcp/ArticleViewerPreview@2.01253091-202406000-00014.T1.jpeg 2x" srcset="" alt="T1"></a><figcaption class="ejp-r-article-images__figcaption"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="ejp-r-article-images__figcaption-link" onclick="showSlideShowByImageID('T1', '01253091-202406000-00014')">Table 1: </a><div class="ejp-r-article-images__figcaption-text">Sociodemographic characteristics of hemodialysis patients (<em xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">n</em>=95)</div></figcaption></figure></section><p id="JCL-P-17">The mean hemoglobin was 10.53 ± 2.18 g/dL, the mean serum albumin was 3.85 ± 0.65 g/dL, the mean total protein was 6.31 ± 1.61 g/dL, the mean serum iron was 61.67 ± 23.44 µg/dL, and the mean comfort score was 23.85 ± 6.93 [<a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="javascript:showSlideShowByImageID('T2', '01253091-202406000-00014');">Table 2</a>].</p><section class="ejp-r-article-images"><figure class="ejp-r-article-images__figure"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="ejp-r-article-images__image-link" onclick="showSlideShowByImageID('T2', '01253091-202406000-00014')"><img class="ejp-r-article-images__img js-lazy-load lazy-load" src="javascript:void(0);" data-src="https://images.journals.lww.com/njcp/ArticleViewerPreview.01253091-202406000-00014.T2.jpeg" data-srcset="https://images.journals.lww.com/njcp/ArticleViewerPreview@2.01253091-202406000-00014.T2.jpeg 2x" srcset="" alt="T2"></a><figcaption class="ejp-r-article-images__figcaption"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="ejp-r-article-images__figcaption-link" onclick="showSlideShowByImageID('T2', '01253091-202406000-00014')">Table 2: </a><div class="ejp-r-article-images__figcaption-text">Mean comfort scale score and laboratory parameters of hemodialysis patients (<em xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">n</em>=95)</div></figcaption></figure></section><p id="JCL-P-18">The mean comfort scale score of male patients (22.41 ± 7.47) was higher than that of female patients (25.38 ± 6.12) (<em xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">P</em> = 0.041). The mean score of patients without additional chronic diseases (28.80 ± 7.11) was higher than those who had additional chronic diseases (23.13 ± 6.48) (<em xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">P</em> = 0.013). A negative and weak correlation was found between the comfort scale and age. With increasing age, the mean comfort score decreased (r = -0.260, <em xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">P</em> = 0.011) [<a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="javascript:showSlideShowByImageID('T3', '01253091-202406000-00014');">Table 3</a>].</p><section class="ejp-r-article-images"><figure class="ejp-r-article-images__figure"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="ejp-r-article-images__image-link" onclick="showSlideShowByImageID('T3', '01253091-202406000-00014')"><img class="ejp-r-article-images__img js-lazy-load lazy-load" src="javascript:void(0);" data-src="https://images.journals.lww.com/njcp/ArticleViewerPreview.01253091-202406000-00014.T3.jpeg" data-srcset="https://images.journals.lww.com/njcp/ArticleViewerPreview@2.01253091-202406000-00014.T3.jpeg 2x" srcset="" alt="T3"></a><figcaption class="ejp-r-article-images__figcaption"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="ejp-r-article-images__figcaption-link" onclick="showSlideShowByImageID('T3', '01253091-202406000-00014')">Table 3: </a><div class="ejp-r-article-images__figcaption-text">Relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and mean comfort scale scores (<em xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">n</em>=95)</div></figcaption></figure></section><p id="JCL-P-19">No statistically significant relationship was found between the comfort scale and hemoglobin (r = 0.079, <em xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">P</em> = 0.446), erythrocytes (r = 0.033, <em xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">P</em> = 0.752), serum albumin (r = 0.068, <em xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">P</em> = 0.510), total protein (r = 0.091, <em xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">P</em> = 0.380), and serum iron levels (r = 0.017, <em xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">P</em> = 0.872) [<a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="javascript:showSlideShowByImageID('T4', '01253091-202406000-00014');">Table 4</a>].</p><section class="ejp-r-article-images"><figure class="ejp-r-article-images__figure"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="ejp-r-article-images__image-link" onclick="showSlideShowByImageID('T4', '01253091-202406000-00014')"><img class="ejp-r-article-images__img js-lazy-load lazy-load" src="javascript:void(0);" data-src="https://images.journals.lww.com/njcp/ArticleViewerPreview.01253091-202406000-00014.T4.jpeg" data-srcset="https://images.journals.lww.com/njcp/ArticleViewerPreview@2.01253091-202406000-00014.T4.jpeg 2x" srcset="" alt="T4"></a><figcaption class="ejp-r-article-images__figcaption"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="ejp-r-article-images__figcaption-link" onclick="showSlideShowByImageID('T4', '01253091-202406000-00014')">Table 4: </a><div class="ejp-r-article-images__figcaption-text">Relationship between biochemical parameters and mean comfort scale scores (<em xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">n</em>=95)</div></figcaption></figure></section><h2 class="ejp-article-outline-heading" data-level="1" id="sec1-4">D<span style="font-variant: small-caps;" xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">ISCUSSION</span></h2> <p id="JCL-P-20">In this study, which was conducted to determine the comfort level of patients undergoing hemodialysis and associated factors, it was found that the comfort level was significantly better in hemodialysis patients who were male, those without comorbid disease, and those who were younger. In addition, the mean HDCS score (ranging from 9 to 45 points) of the patients included in the study was 23.85 ± 6.93.</p> <p id="JCL-P-21">In the study conducted by Dikmen and Aslan,<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R14">14</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> the comfort level of hemodialysis patients was evaluated using the HDCS and the comfort score was found to be 20.05 ± 6.50. In the study by Peng and Yang,<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R15">15</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> unlike our study, the comfort level was measured with Kolcaba Simplified Comfort Questionnaire and the mean comfort score of hemodialysis patients was found to be 65.28 ± 6.84 and patients had a comfort perception close to 60%. In another study, the mean HDCS score of patients receiving hemodialysis treatment was 30.20 ± 7.36.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R5">5</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> It is seen that the comfort score obtained in our study is close to the data in the literature. However, it is thought that the reason why these data are not the same as the literature is due to the different study populations. In addition to many negative conditions experienced by patients receiving hemodialysis treatment, it is thought that determining the factors affecting comfort and making appropriate interventions can increase perceived comfort.</p> <p id="JCL-P-22">In the other studies conducted, it was found that patients receiving hemodialysis treatment experienced psychological and emotional concerns.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R16 R17 R18">16-18</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> These concerns could lead to a decrease in their comfort levels. From this point of view, it was reported that an increased comfort level would increase the patient’s independence and compliance with treatment.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R4">4</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">,</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R11">11</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">,</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R13">13</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> It is also stated that with the increase in the perception of comfort, tension, which is an unpleasant feeling, decreases and thus contributes to the individual’s finding meaning in life.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R8">8</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">,</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R19">19</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup></p> <p id="JCL-P-23">In this study, a negative and weak correlation was found between the comfort scale and age. With increasing age, the mean comfort score decreased. In their study, Melo <em xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">et al</em>.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R13">13</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> found that hemodialysis patients aged 55 years and older had lower comfort scores than younger patients, and at the same time, the risk of older patients being diagnosed with impaired comfort was almost four times higher than that of younger patients. It has been reported that older kidney failure patients undergoing hemodialysis have lower expectations than younger individuals, which may reduce their comfort.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R20">20</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">,</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R21">21</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> In addition, it has been noted that elderly renal patients on hemodialysis tend to have a higher degree of physical and cognitive impairment and that aging is one of the important factors in the deterioration of comfort.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R20 R21 R22">20-22</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> Based on the information in the literature, it seems inevitable that the comfort level decreases with increasing age in kidney failure patients.</p> <p id="JCL-P-24">The mean comfort scale score of male patients was significantly higher than that of female patients. Similarly, the study by Santos <em xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">et al</em>.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R3">3</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> found that the comfort level of male hemodialysis patients was higher than that of female hemodialysis patients. It has also been reported in the literature that gender affects comfort.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R23">23</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">,</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R24">24</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> In literature, it is reported that female hemodialysis patients experienced additional problems related to pregnancy, childbirth, and their roles as wives in contrast to male patients.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R23">23</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> Female hemodialysis patients also experienced more psychological and emotional anxiety and mental conflict than male hemodialysis patients.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R19">19</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> A report from a previous study showed that the level of comfort in male patients increased with the attention they received from their spouses and children and that family support was pivotal to their survival.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R25">25</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup></p> <p id="JCL-P-25">The presence of additional comorbidity was significantly associated with reduced comfort level. These comorbidities may lead to additional problems that need to be solved medically and psychologically. Therefore, it can be said that the increasing burden of disease is a constraint on individuals, and the quality of life is reduced due to the inability of individuals to cope with disease.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R26">26</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">,</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R27">27</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> A review of the literature showed that quality of life is one of the most important factors in determining the level of health, comfort, and happiness of individuals.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R4">4</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">,</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R28">28</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">,</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R29">29</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> According to previous studies, the presence of comorbidities was found to be a factor affecting the level of comfort.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R27">27</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">,</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R29">29</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> Erci <em xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">et al</em>.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R26">26</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> demonstrated that there is a positive relationship between quality of life and comfort. Individuals with comorbidities are thought to have lower quality of life and perceived comfort. The results of our study are consistent with the evidence in the literature.</p> <p id="JCL-P-26">This study did not show any association between biochemical parameters and the comfort levels of the study participants. Deranged biochemical parameters may affect the physical well-being and quality of life of patients.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R30">30</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> It has also been reported that deranged biochemical parameters can lead to disturbance of the internal milieu with a consequent decrease in comfort.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R31 R32 R33 R34">31-34</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> The reason why there was no association between biochemical parameters and the comfort levels in this study may be because all biochemical parameters except hemoglobin levels were within the normal range.</p> <p id="JCL-P-27">The limitation of the present study was that it was restricted to the hemodialysis patients receiving regular hemodialysis treatment in one single center; hence, the findings cannot be generalized.</p> <h2 class="ejp-article-outline-heading" data-level="1" id="sec1-5">C<span style="font-variant: small-caps;" xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">ONCLUSION</span></h2> <p id="JCL-P-28">The comfort level was significantly better in hemodialysis patients who were male, those without comorbid disease, and those who were younger. There is a need for healthcare workers, especially nurses, to periodically assess the comfort levels of hemodialysis patients and intervene when necessary to improve their quality of life.</p> <h3 class="ejp-article-outline-heading" data-level="2" id="sec2-6">Financial support and sponsorship</h3> <p id="JCL-P-29">Nil.</p> <h3 class="ejp-article-outline-heading" data-level="2" id="sec2-7">Conflicts of interest</h3> <p id="JCL-P-30">There are no conflicts of interest.</p></section><section id="article-references" class="article-references js-article-references"><h2 class="ejp-article-outline-heading" data-level="1" id="JCL-L-0">R<span style="font-variant: small-caps;" xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">EFERENCES</span></h2> <div id="R1" class="article-references__item js-article-reference">1. World Kidney Day.org [homepage on the Internet] 2023 WKD Theme. 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Available from: <span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539871/." onclick="javascript:window.open('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539871/.');return false">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539871/.</a></span> [Updated on 2023 Feb 2024; Last accessed on 2024 Jan 20].<div> <ul class="article-references__item-links"> <li class="internal-links"><a href="#JCL-P-26"> Cited Here</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="article-references__button-container"></div></section><div><strong>Keywords:</strong><p id="">Chronic kidney disease; comfort level; hemodialysis</p> </div><section class="ej-article-copyright">Copyright: © 2024 Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice</section></div><button class="ejp-toggle-fulltext-button js-ejp-toggle-fulltext-button">View full article text</button></article> </div> </div> <div id="article-metrics"> <div id="article-metrics-container"> </div> </div> <div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_b3cfb626_8604_424a_81ac_2ab717d622fc_ctl00_divOutlineHTML"></div> 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