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sake"><span>Geselshoekie</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings" title="'n Lys van onlangse wysigings [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Onlangse wysigings</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Lukraak" title="Laai 'n lukrake bladsye [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Lukrake bladsy</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Vind meer uit oor iets"><span>Hulp</span></a></li><li id="n-Sandput" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandput"><span>Sandput</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" 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</ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Voorkoms" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" 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Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Bulgarye" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Bulgarye" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geskiedenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Geskiedenis subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antieke_tydperk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antieke_tydperk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Antieke tydperk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antieke_tydperk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eerste_Bulgaarse_Ryk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eerste_Bulgaarse_Ryk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Eerste Bulgaarse Ryk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eerste_Bulgaarse_Ryk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tweede_Bulgaarse_Ryk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tweede_Bulgaarse_Ryk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Tweede Bulgaarse Ryk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tweede_Bulgaarse_Ryk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkse_heerskappy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkse_heerskappy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Turkse heerskappy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkse_heerskappy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vryheidsoorlog" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vryheidsoorlog"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Vryheidsoorlog</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vryheidsoorlog-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Koninkryk_Bulgarye" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Koninkryk_Bulgarye"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Koninkryk Bulgarye</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Koninkryk_Bulgarye-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Volksrepubliek_Bulgarye" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Volksrepubliek_Bulgarye"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Volksrepubliek Bulgarye</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Volksrepubliek_Bulgarye-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republiek_Bulgarye" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republiek_Bulgarye"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Republiek Bulgarye</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republiek_Bulgarye-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administratiewe_streke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administratiewe_streke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Administratiewe streke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administratiewe_streke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bevolking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bevolking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bevolking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bevolking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ekonomie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ekonomie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Ekonomie subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ekonomie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Industrialisering_ná_1945" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrialisering_ná_1945"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Industrialisering ná 1945</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrialisering_ná_1945-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomiese_krisis_ná_1989" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomiese_krisis_ná_1989"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Ekonomiese krisis ná 1989</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomiese_krisis_ná_1989-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Makro-ekonomiese_ontwikkeling_sedert_1997" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Makro-ekonomiese_ontwikkeling_sedert_1997"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Makro-ekonomiese ontwikkeling sedert 1997</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Makro-ekonomiese_ontwikkeling_sedert_1997-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomiese_sektore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomiese_sektore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Ekonomiese sektore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomiese_sektore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buitelandse_beleggings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buitelandse_beleggings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Buitelandse beleggings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buitelandse_beleggings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Kultuur</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kultuur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Kultuur subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kultuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Musiek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musiek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Musiek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musiek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kookkuns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kookkuns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Kookkuns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kookkuns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronnelys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronnelys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bronnelys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronnelys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bulgarye</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 289 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-289" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">289 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Болгариа – Abkasies" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Болгариа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkasies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Atsjenees" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Atsjenees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Булгарие – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Булгарие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bulgarien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A1%E1%88%8D%E1%8C%8B%E1%88%AA%E1%8B%AB" title="ቡልጋሪያ – Amharies" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቡልጋሪያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulgaraland" title="Pulgaraland – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Pulgaraland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buligaria" title="Buligaria – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Buligaria" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बल्गारिया – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="बल्गारिया" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="بلغاريا – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بلغاريا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%92%DC%98%DC%A0%DC%93%DC%90%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܒܘܠܓܐܪܝܐ – Aramees" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܒܘܠܓܐܪܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="بلغاريا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بلغاريا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="بلجاريا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بلجاريا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Булгъар – Avaries" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Булгъар" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balgaria" title="Balgaria – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Balgaria" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बुल्गारिया – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="बुल्गारिया" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulkariya" title="Bulkariya – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Bulkariya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolqar%C4%B1stan" title="Bolqarıstan – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bolqarıstan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بولغاریستان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بولغاریستان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buigarien" title="Buigarien – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Buigarien" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgar%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Bulgarėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Bulgarėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarya" title="Bulgarya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bulgarya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Балгарыя – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Балгарыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Баўгарыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Баўгарыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgari" title="Bulgari – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Bulgari" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="България – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="България" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बुल्गारिया – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बुल्गारिया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%B0%E1%80%82%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ဗူဂေးရီးယားခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဗူဂေးရီးယားခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="বুলগেরিয়া – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বুলগেরিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8D" title="པུ་ར་ག་རི་ཡ། – Tibettaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="པུ་ར་ག་རི་ཡ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibettaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="বুলগেরিয়া – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="বুলগেরিয়া" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugarska" title="Bugarska – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bugarska" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Болгари – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Болгари" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulg%C3%A0ria" title="Bulgària – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bulgària" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Болгари – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Болгари" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%8A%E1%8E%B5%E1%8E%A8%E1%8E%B5%E1%8E%A0" title="ᏊᎵᎨᎵᎠ – Cherokees" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏊᎵᎨᎵᎠ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="بولگاریا – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بولگاریا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Korsikaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bul%C4%9Faristan" title="Bulğaristan – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Bulğaristan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulharsko" title="Bulharsko – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bulharsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B9%C5%82gari%C3%B4" title="Bùłgariô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Bùłgariô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Блъгарїꙗ – Kerkslawies" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Блъгарїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Kerkslawies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Болгари – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Болгари" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bwlgaria" title="Bwlgaria – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bwlgaria" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bulgarien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bulgarien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bul%C4%9Far%C4%B1stan" title="Bulğarıstan – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Bulğarıstan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulga%C5%95ska" title="Bulgaŕska – Benedesorbies" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Bulgaŕska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Benedesorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बुल्गेरिया – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="बुल्गेरिया" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%84%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%8E%DE%AD%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%A7" title="ބަލްގޭރިއާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ބަލްގޭރިއާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Βουλγαρία – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βουλγαρία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgar%C3%AE" title="Bulgarî – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Bulgarî" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgario" title="Bulgario – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bulgario" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaaria" title="Bulgaaria – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bulgaaria" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بلغارستان – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بلغارستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgariya" title="Bulgariya – Fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Bulgariya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaaria" title="Bulgaaria – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Bulgaaria" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Faroëes" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroëes" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarie" title="Bulgarie – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bulgarie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaarien" title="Bulgaarien – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bulgaarien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarie" title="Bulgarie – Friuliaans" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Bulgarie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarije" title="Bulgarije – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bulgarije" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Bhulg%C3%A1ir" title="An Bhulgáir – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Bhulgáir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgariya" title="Bulgariya – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Bulgariya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="保加利亞 – Gan-Sjinees" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="保加利亞" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilgari" title="Bilgari – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Bilgari" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulg%C3%A0iria" title="Bulgàiria – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bulgàiria" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vug%C3%A1ria" title="Vugária – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Vugária" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बल्गेरिया – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="बल्गेरिया" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌱𐌿𐌻𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰 – Goties" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌱𐌿𐌻𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Goties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE" title="બલ્ગેરિયા – Goedjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બલ્ગેરિયા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Goedjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Vulgeyr" title="Yn Vulgeyr – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Vulgeyr" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgeriya" title="Bulgeriya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Bulgeriya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Hakka-Sjinees" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulukalia" title="Pulukalia – Hawais" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Pulukalia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="בולגריה – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בולגריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बुल्गारिया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बुल्गारिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugarska" title="Bugarska – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bugarska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%C5%82harska" title="Bołharska – Oppersorbies" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Bołharska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilgari" title="Bilgari – Haïtiaans" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Bilgari" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulg%C3%A1ria" title="Bulgária – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bulgária" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Բուլղարիա – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բուլղարիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Պուլկարիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Պուլկարիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Ibanees" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Ibanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Болгари – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Болгари" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BAlgar%C3%ADa" title="Búlgaría – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Búlgaría" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2" title="ブルガリア – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブルガリア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgieria" title="Bulgieria – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Bulgieria" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/bylgAri,as" title="bylgAri,as – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="bylgAri,as" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgari" title="Bulgari – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bulgari" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ბულგარეთი – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბულგარეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolgariya" title="Bolgariya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Bolgariya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarya" title="Bulgarya – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Bulgarya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8D" title="Балгариэ – Kabardiaans" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Балгариэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puligari" title="Puligari – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Puligari" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buli%CC%B1gariya" title="Buli̱gariya – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Buli̱gariya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balgaria" title="Balgaria – Kongolees" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Balgaria" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongolees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bocyugo" title="Bocyugo – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Bocyugo" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8" title="ប៊ុលហ្ការី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ប៊ុលហ្ការី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF" title="ಬಲ್ಗೇರಿಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬಲ್ಗೇರಿಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%88%EA%B0%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="불가리아 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="불가리아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A7%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бӧлгария – Komi-Permyaks" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Бӧлгария" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarije" title="Bulgarije – Keuls" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Bulgarije" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Keuls" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaristan" title="Bulgaristan – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bulgaristan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgari" title="Bulgari – Kornies" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Bulgari" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bulgarien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – Lezghies" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balgaria" title="Balgaria – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Balgaria" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarije" title="Bulgarije – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Bulgarije" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgar%C3%AEa" title="Bulgarîa – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Bulgarîa" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BClgaria" title="Bülgaria – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bülgaria" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Lingaals" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B5" title="ປະເທດບູນກາລີ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດບູນກາລີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarija" title="Bulgarija – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bulgarija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgareja" title="Bulgareja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Bulgareja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulg%C4%81rija" title="Bulgārija – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bulgārija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Madurees" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बुल्गेरिया – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="बुल्गेरिया" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolgaria" title="Bolgaria – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bolgaria" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Болгарий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Болгарий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puruk%C4%81ria" title="Purukāria – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Purukāria" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Minangkabaus" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Бугарија – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бугарија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="ബൾഗേറിയ – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബൾഗേറിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Болгар – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Болгар" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%9C%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯕꯜꯒꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯕꯜꯒꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बल्गेरिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बल्गेरिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Болгари – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Болгари" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarija" title="Bulgarija – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Bulgarija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulg%C3%A1ria" title="Bulgária – Mirandees" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Bulgária" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ဘူလ်ဂေးရီးယားနိုင်ငံ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘူလ်ဂေးရီးယားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Болгария Мастор – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Болгария Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="بلغارستون – Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بلغارستون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Neapolitaans" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bulgarien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarije" title="Bulgarije – Nedersaksies" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Bulgarije" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बुल्गेरिया – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बुल्गेरिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बुल्गेरिया – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बुल्गेरिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarije" title="Bulgarije – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bulgarije" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarie" title="Bulgarie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Bulgarie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Noord-Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dits%CA%BCoz%C3%AD_Da%CA%BCalzhishii_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Ditsʼozí Daʼalzhishii Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Ditsʼozí Daʼalzhishii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolguarii" title="Bolguarii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Bolguarii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgeeriyaa" title="Bulgeeriyaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Bulgeeriyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Болгари – Osseties" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Болгари" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osseties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgariya" title="Bulgariya – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Bulgariya" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarie" title="Bulgarie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Bulgarie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Bulgarien" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Bulgarien" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बुल्गारिया – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="बुल्गारिया" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgeriya" title="Bulgeriya – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Bulgeriya" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C5%82garia" title="Bułgaria – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bułgaria" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgar%C3%ACa" title="Bulgarìa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Bulgarìa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="بلغاریا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بلغاریا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Βουλγαρία – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Βουλγαρία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="بلغاریا – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بلغاریا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulg%C3%A1ria" title="Bulgária – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bulgária" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulqarya" title="Pulqarya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pulqarya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Reto-Romaans" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Romaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgariya" title="Bulgariya – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Bulgariya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vurgaria" title="Vurgaria – Aromanies" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Vurgaria" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarie" title="Bulgarie – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Bulgarie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Болгарія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Болгарія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulugariya" title="Bulugariya – Rwandees" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Bulugariya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Rwandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बुल्गारिया – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="बुल्गारिया" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – Sakhaans" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakhaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱵᱩᱞᱜᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ – Santalies" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱩᱞᱜᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Sardinies" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgar%C3%ACa" title="Bulgarìa – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Bulgarìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarie" title="Bulgarie – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bulgarie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="بلگاريا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بلگاريا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulg%C3%A1ria" title="Bulgária – Noord-Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Bulgária" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulugar%C3%AFi" title="Bulugarïi – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Bulugarïi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugarska" title="Bugarska – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bugarska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bul%C9%A3arya" title="Bulɣarya – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Bulɣarya" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%B0%E1%82%87%E1%81%B5%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းပူႇၵႃႇရီႇယႃႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းပူႇၵႃႇရီႇယႃႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="බල්ගේරියාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බල්ගේරියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulharsko" title="Bulharsko – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bulharsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="بلغاریہ – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="بلغاریہ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolgarija" title="Bolgarija – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bolgarija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bultalia" title="Bultalia – Samoaans" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Bultalia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhurugariya" title="Bhurugariya – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Bhurugariya" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaariya" title="Bulgaariya – Somalies" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Bulgaariya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullgaria" title="Bullgaria – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bullgaria" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Бугарска – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бугарска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarikondre" title="Bulgarikondre – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Bulgarikondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBhulgariya" title="IBhulgariya – Swazi" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IBhulgariya" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swazi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Suid-Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Suid-Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Bulgarien" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Sundanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bulgarien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C5%82garyjo" title="Bułgaryjo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Bułgaryjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="பல்காரியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பல்காரியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="బల్గేరియా – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బల్గేరియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulg%C3%A1ria" title="Bulgária – Tetoem" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Bulgária" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetoem" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Булғористон – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Булғористон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประเทศบัลแกเรีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศบัลแกเรีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolgari%C3%BDa" title="Bolgariýa – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Bolgariýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarya" title="Bulgarya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bulgarya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolgaristan" title="Bolgaristan – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Bolgaristan" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulukalia" title="Pulukalia – Tongaans" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Pulukalia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balgeria" title="Balgeria – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Balgeria" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaristan" title="Bulgaristan – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bulgaristan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Toemboeka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Toemboeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%87%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="بۇلغارىيە – Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="بۇلغارىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Болгарія – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Болгарія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="بلغاریہ – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بلغاریہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolgariya" title="Bolgariya – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bolgariya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgar%C3%ACa" title="Bulgarìa – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Bulgarìa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolgarii" title="Bolgarii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Bolgarii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgareye" title="Bulgareye – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Bulgareye" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgar%C3%A4n" title="Bulgarän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Bulgarän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgareye" title="Bulgareye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Bulgareye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaari" title="Bulgaari – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Bulgaari" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="保加利亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBulgariya" title="IBulgariya – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IBulgariya" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ბულგარეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბულგარეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A2" title="בולגאריע – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בולגאריע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B9lg%C3%A1r%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Bùlgáríà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Bùlgáríà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulharije" title="Bulharije – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Bulharije" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%96%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0" title="ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ – Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="保加利亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="保加利亞 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="保加利亞" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="保加利亞 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="保加利亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBulgariya" title="IBulgariya – Zoeloe" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IBulgariya" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zoeloe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q219#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarye" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Bulgarye" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarye"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarye"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Bulgarye" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Bulgarye" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="'n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&oldid=2696058" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Bulgarye&id=2696058&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBulgarye"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBulgarye"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Bulgarye"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Bulgarye&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q219" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox bordered" cellpadding="4" style="width: 250px; font-size: 88%;"> <caption style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: 120%;">Republiek Bulgarye<br /><small>Република България<br /><i>Republika Bălgarija</i> (<a href="/wiki/Bulgaars" title="Bulgaars">Bulgaars</a>)</small> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"> <table style="text-align: center; margin: 0 auto; background: none;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 95%;"><span style="border: 1px solid #bbbbbb; display: table-cell;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Bulgarye"><img alt="Vlag van Bulgarye" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/125px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/188px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/250px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wapen van Bulgarye"><img alt="Wapen van Bulgarye" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="679" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 95%;"> <td style="border: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Vlag_van_Bulgarye" title="Vlag van Bulgarye">Vlag</a> </td> <td style="border: 0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wapen_van_Bulgarye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wapen van Bulgarye (bladsy bestaan nie)">Wapen</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_nasionale_leuses" title="Lys van nasionale leuses">Nasionale leuse</a>: Съединението прави силата<br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Transliterasie" title="Transliterasie">tr.</a>: <i>Saedinenieto pravi silata</i>)</small><br /><small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Bulgaars" title="Bulgaars">Bulgaars</a> vir: "Eendrag Maak Mag")</i></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Volkslied" title="Volkslied">Volkslied</a>: Мила Родино<br /><small>(tr.: <i>Mila rodino</i>)<br /><i>(Bulgaars vir: "Geliefde Moederland")</i></small><br /><center><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="121" data-mwtitle="Mila_Rodino_instrumental.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4f/Mila_Rodino_instrumental.ogg/Mila_Rodino_instrumental.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Mila_Rodino_instrumental.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMila_Rodino_instrumental.ogg&lang=bg&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="bg" label="български ‪(bg)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMila_Rodino_instrumental.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMila_Rodino_instrumental.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMila_Rodino_instrumental.ogg&lang=mk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="mk" label="македонски ‪(mk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMila_Rodino_instrumental.ogg&lang=pt-br&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt-BR" label="português do Brasil ‪(pt-br)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMila_Rodino_instrumental.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMila_Rodino_instrumental.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:EU-Bulgaria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ligging van Bulgarye"><img alt="Ligging van Bulgarye" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/EU-Bulgaria.svg/250px-EU-Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/EU-Bulgaria.svg/375px-EU-Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/EU-Bulgaria.svg/500px-EU-Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Hoofstad" title="Hoofstad">Hoofstad</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a> <p><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2670708">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bulgarye&language=af&params=42_41_N_23_19_O_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek"><span class="latitude">42°41′N</span> <span class="longitude">23°19′O</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek">42.683°N 23.317°O</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.683; 23.317</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Grootste stad</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Amptelike_taal" title="Amptelike taal">Amptelike tale</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulgaars" title="Bulgaars">Bulgaars</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_regeringstipe" title="Lys van lande volgens regeringstipe">Regering</a></b> <div style="text-align: left;"><br />• <a href="/wiki/President" title="President">President</a><br />• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjunkpresident&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adjunkpresident (bladsy bestaan nie)">Adjunkpresident</a><br />• <a href="/wiki/Eerste_minister" title="Eerste minister">Eerste minister</a></div> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;">Unitêre parlementêre<br />grondwetlike <a href="/wiki/Republiek" title="Republiek">republiek</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumen_Radef&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rumen Radef (bladsy bestaan nie)">Rumen Radef</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iliana_Iotowa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iliana Iotowa (bladsy bestaan nie)">Iliana Iotowa</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimitar_Glawtsjef&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimitar Glawtsjef (bladsy bestaan nie)">Dimitar Glawtsjef</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_onafhanklikheidsdatum" title="Lys van lande volgens onafhanklikheidsdatum">Onafhanklikheid</a></b> <div style="text-align: left;">Vorming<br />• Eerste Bulgaarse Ryk<br />• Tweede Bulgaarse Ryk<br />• Prinsdom Bulgarye<br />• Koninkryk Bulgarye<br />• Huidige grondwet</div> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><br /><br /><a href="/wiki/681" title="681">681</a>–<a href="/wiki/1018" title="1018">1018</a><br /><a href="/wiki/1185" title="1185">1185</a>–<a href="/wiki/1396" title="1396">1396</a><br /><a href="/wiki/3_Maart" title="3 Maart">3 Maart</a> <a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a><br /><a href="/wiki/22_September" title="22 September">22 September</a> <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a><br /><a href="/wiki/13_Julie" title="13 Julie">13 Julie</a> <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Oppervlakte" title="Oppervlakte">Oppervlakte</a></b><br /> - Totaal<br /> <br /> - Water (%) </td> <td> <br /> 110 993,6<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> km<sup>2</sup>  (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_oppervlak" title="Lys van lande volgens oppervlak">103<sup>de</sup></a>)<br />42 854,9 myl<sup>2</sup><br />2,16<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_bevolking" title="Lys van lande volgens bevolking">Bevolking</a></b><br /> - 2022-skatting<br /> - 2016-sensus<br /> - <a href="/wiki/Bevolkingsdigtheid" title="Bevolkingsdigtheid">Digtheid</a> </td> <td> <br />6 447 710 (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_bevolking" title="Lys van lande volgens bevolking">109<sup>de</sup></a>)<br />7 101 859<br />63 / km<sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_bevolkingsdigtheid" title="Lys van lande volgens bevolkingsdigtheid">154<sup>ste</sup></a>)<br />163,2 / myl<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Bruto_binnelandse_produk" title="Bruto binnelandse produk">BBP</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Koopkragpariteit" title="Koopkragpariteit">KKP</a>)<br /> - Totaal<br /> - Per capita </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>-skatting<br /> <p>$228,402 miljard<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(Koopkragpariteit)" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (Koopkragpariteit)">73<sup>ste</sup></a>)<br />$35 853<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(Koopkragpariteit)_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (Koopkragpariteit) per capita">(55<sup>ste</sup>)</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(nominaal)" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (nominaal)">BBP</a></b> (nominaal)<br /> - Totaal<br /> - Per capita </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>-skatting<br /> <p>$110,336 miljard<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(nominaal)" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (nominaal)">69<sup>ste</sup></a>)<br />$17 320<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(nominaal)_per_capita" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (nominaal) per capita">(60<sup>ste</sup>)</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Menslike_ontwikkelingsindeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Menslike ontwikkelingsindeks">MOI</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 0,795<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_Menslike_Ontwikkelingsindeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Lys van lande volgens Menslike Ontwikkelingsindeks">68<sup>ste</sup></a>)  –  <span style="color:#090">hoog</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Gini-ko%C3%ABffisi%C3%ABnt" title="Gini-koëffisiënt">Gini</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a>) </td> <td>37,2<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> –  <span style="color:#fc0">medium</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Geld" title="Geld">Geldeenheid</a></b> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaarse_lef&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulgaarse lef (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lef</a>, meervoud: lewa (<code><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">BGN</a></code>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Tydsone" title="Tydsone">Tydsone</a></b><br /> - <a href="/wiki/Somertyd" title="Somertyd">Somertyd</a> </td> <td>OET (<a href="/wiki/Geko%C3%B6rdineerde_Universele_Tyd" title="Gekoördineerde Universele Tyd">UTC</a><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">+2</a>)<br />OEST (<a href="/wiki/Geko%C3%B6rdineerde_Universele_Tyd" title="Gekoördineerde Universele Tyd">UTC</a><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B03:00" title="UTC+03:00">+3</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_Internettopvlakdomeine" title="Lys van Internettopvlakdomeine">Internet-TLD</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/.bg" title=".bg">.bg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_landskakelkodes" title="Lys van landskakelkodes">Skakelkode</a></b> </td> <td>+359 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bulgarye</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bulgaars" title="Bulgaars">Bulgaars</a>: България, <i>Balgarija</i>, [bɐɫˈɡarijɐ]), amptelik die <b>Republiek Bulgarye</b> (Република България, <i>Republika Bălgarija</i>, [rɛˈpublikɐ bɐɫˈɡarijɐ]), is 'n <a href="/wiki/Land" title="Land">land</a> in <a href="/wiki/Suidoos-Europa" title="Suidoos-Europa">Suidoos-Europa</a>. Dit word begrens deur die <a href="/wiki/Swartsee" title="Swartsee">Swartsee</a> in die ooste, <a href="/wiki/Griekeland" title="Griekeland">Griekeland</a> en <a href="/wiki/Turkye" title="Turkye">Turkye</a> in die suide, <a href="/wiki/Serwi%C3%AB" title="Serwië">Serwië</a> en <a href="/wiki/Noord-Masedoni%C3%AB" title="Noord-Masedonië">Noord-Masedonië</a> in die weste, en <a href="/wiki/Roemeni%C3%AB" title="Roemenië">Roemenië</a> in die noorde.<sup id="cite_ref-HAT_Taal-en-feitegids_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HAT_Taal-en-feitegids-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Lake-mandrensko-dinev.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Lake-mandrensko-dinev.jpg/220px-Lake-mandrensko-dinev.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Lake-mandrensko-dinev.jpg/330px-Lake-mandrensko-dinev.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Lake-mandrensko-dinev.jpg/440px-Lake-mandrensko-dinev.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>Die Mandrenskomeer naby <a href="/wiki/Boergas" title="Boergas">Boergas</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bulgarien_0905.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Bulgarien_0905.JPG/220px-Bulgarien_0905.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Bulgarien_0905.JPG/330px-Bulgarien_0905.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Bulgarien_0905.JPG/440px-Bulgarien_0905.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1232" /></a><figcaption>Die <a href="/wiki/Rilaklooster" title="Rilaklooster">Rilaklooster</a> is een van die belangrikste historiese, kulturele en godsdienstige monumente van Bulgarye</figcaption></figure> <p>Bulgarye is genoem na 'n <a href="/wiki/Turkse_volke" title="Turkse volke">Turkse volk</a> wat die land tydens die 7de eeu verower en later met die <a href="/wiki/Slawi%C3%ABrs" title="Slawiërs">Slawiese</a> en Trakiese bevolking vermeng het. In die <a href="/wiki/Middeleeue" title="Middeleeue">Middeleeue</a> het Bulgarye tot 'n magtige ryk ontwikkel wat oor groot dele van Suidoos-Europa gestrek het. In die 11de eeu is Bulgarye vir 'n tydperk van sowat 100 jaar by die <a href="/wiki/Bisantynse_Ryk" title="Bisantynse Ryk">Bisantynse Ryk</a> ingelyf, en teen die einde van die 14de eeu het die land onder Turkse heerskappy gekom. </p><p>Bulgarye vorm ten opsigte van sy landskappe en sy kultuur 'n oorgangsgebied tussen Europa en die Ooste, maar ook tussen die Mediterreense en vastelandse gebiede van Oos-Europa. Tydens die <a href="/wiki/Middeleeue" title="Middeleeue">Middeleeue</a> het die sogenaamde Slaweapostels <a href="/wiki/Cyrillus_en_Methodius" title="Cyrillus en Methodius">Cyrillus en Methodius</a> 'n aantal Christelike Griekse tekste na Oud-Bulgaars vertaal, 'n taal wat in die Goue Tydperk tydens die bewind van tsaar Simeon die basis van 'n veelsydige godsdienstige en wêreldse literatuur gevorm het. Alhoewel die literêre bloeitydperk met die begin van die Turkse heerskappy tot 'n einde gekom het, het <a href="/wiki/Ou_Kerkslawies" title="Ou Kerkslawies">Oud-Bulgaars</a> steeds die taal van die Slawies-Ortodokse Kerk gebly, en sy literêre werke word deur die Slawiese volke as 'n gemeenskaplike kulturele erfenis beskou. </p><p>Bulgarye het sy bevryding vyf eeue later veral aan Rusland te danke, en die noue politieke en kulturele bande tussen die twee lande het in 1945 die inlywing van Bulgarye by die Sosialistiese Oosblok bevorder. Onder die bewind van die Kommunistiese Party het die oorwegend agrariese land tot 'n moderne staat met 'n verskeidenheid nywerhede ontwikkel. Sy belangrikste uitvoere is egter nog steeds landbouprodukte, waaronder ook <a href="/wiki/Roosolie" title="Roosolie">roosolie</a>, 'n kosbare eteriese olie. </p><p>Die agteruitgang van die Sosialisme en die oorgang na 'n vrye markekonomie het die lewensstandaard van groot dele van die bevolking swaar geraak. Na ramings het dit in die jare negentig met sowat veertig persent gedaal. Die Bulgaarse ekonomie het intussen oortuigend herstel, en die lewenstandaard het in 2004 weer die vlak van die tydperk voor die negentigerjare bereik. </p><p>Bulgarye het op 29 Maart 2004 'n lidstaat van die <a href="/wiki/NAVO" title="NAVO">NAVO</a> en op 1 Januarie 2007 'n lidstaat van die <a href="/wiki/Europese_Unie" title="Europese Unie">Europese Unie</a> geword. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologie">Etimologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Etimologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die naam "Bulgarye" is ontleen aan die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-Bulgare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proto-Bulgare (bladsy bestaan nie)">Proto-Bulgare</a>, 'n stam van <a href="/wiki/Turkse_volke" title="Turkse volke">Turkse oorsprong</a> wat die Eerste Bulgaarse Ryk gestig het. Die betekenis van hul naam is nie heeltemal duidelik nie en dit is moeilik om dit vroeër as die 4de eeu terug te dateer,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> maar dit is dalk afgelei van die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-Turks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proto-Turks (bladsy bestaan nie)">Proto-Turkse</a> woord <i>bulģha</i> ("om te meng", "skud", "roer") en die afgeleide vorm <i>bulgak</i> ("opstand", "wanorde").<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die betekenis kan verder uitgebrei word na "rebellie", "aanhits" of "'n toestand van wanorde veroorsaak", en in die afgeleide vorm "versteurders".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stamgroepe in <a href="/wiki/Sentraal-Asi%C3%AB" title="Sentraal-Asië">Sentraal-Asië</a> met fonologies verwante name, soos die Buluoji (een van die "Vyf Barbare") wat gedurende die 4de eeu beskryf is as beide 'n "gemengde ras" en "moeilikheidmakers", is gereeld met soortgelyke terme beskryf.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografie">Geografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Geografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Geografie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Satellite_image_of_Bulgaria_in_December_2001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Satellite_image_of_Bulgaria_in_December_2001.jpg/220px-Satellite_image_of_Bulgaria_in_December_2001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Satellite_image_of_Bulgaria_in_December_2001.jpg/330px-Satellite_image_of_Bulgaria_in_December_2001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Satellite_image_of_Bulgaria_in_December_2001.jpg/440px-Satellite_image_of_Bulgaria_in_December_2001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2055" data-file-height="1348" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nasa" title="Nasa">Nasa</a>-Satellietbeeld van Bulgarye in Desember 2001</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Sofia-vitosha-kempinski.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sofia-vitosha-kempinski.jpg/220px-Sofia-vitosha-kempinski.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sofia-vitosha-kempinski.jpg/330px-Sofia-vitosha-kempinski.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sofia-vitosha-kempinski.jpg/440px-Sofia-vitosha-kempinski.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1077" data-file-height="653" /></a><figcaption>Die hoofstad <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>, met die Vitosja-bergspits in die agtergrond</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Snow_Scene_at_Shipka_Pass_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Snow_Scene_at_Shipka_Pass_1.JPG/220px-Snow_Scene_at_Shipka_Pass_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Snow_Scene_at_Shipka_Pass_1.JPG/330px-Snow_Scene_at_Shipka_Pass_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Snow_Scene_at_Shipka_Pass_1.JPG/440px-Snow_Scene_at_Shipka_Pass_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1932" /></a><figcaption>'n Winterlandskap naby die Sjipka-bergpas</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Popovo_ezero_ot_Jano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Popovo_ezero_ot_Jano.jpg/220px-Popovo_ezero_ot_Jano.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Popovo_ezero_ot_Jano.jpg/330px-Popovo_ezero_ot_Jano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Popovo_ezero_ot_Jano.jpg/440px-Popovo_ezero_ot_Jano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>'n Bergmeer in die Pirinberge</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:SeloVrata.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/SeloVrata.jpg/220px-SeloVrata.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/SeloVrata.jpg/330px-SeloVrata.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/SeloVrata.jpg/440px-SeloVrata.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption>'n Uitsig oor die dorp Vrata in die Rhodope</figcaption></figure> <p>Bulgarye beslaan dele van die historiese gebiede <a href="/wiki/Thraci%C3%AB" title="Thracië">Thracië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moesi%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Moesië">Moesië</a> en <a href="/wiki/Masedoni%C3%AB_(streek)" title="Masedonië (streek)">Masedonië</a>. Sy huidige grense is ná die einde van die <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Balkanoorlog" title="Tweede Balkanoorlog">Tweede Balkanoorlog</a> in 1913 vasgelê, toe Bulgarye sy toegang tot die <a href="/wiki/Ege%C3%AFese_See" title="Egeïese See">Egeïese See</a> verloor het. </p><p>Die land word deur groot klimatiese verskille tussen die <a href="/wiki/Donau" title="Donau">Donauvallei</a> in die noorde met sy kleiagtige lössgrond en die beboste Rhodope-bergreeks in die suide gekenmerk. Die <a href="/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan">Balkan</a>, 'n bergreeks, wat oor 'n lengte van sowat 600 kilometer in wes-oostelike rigting deur Bulgarye loop, vorm die sentrale landskap van die land. Hierdie gebergte het sy naam ook aan die hele skiereiland verleen. </p><p>In noord-suidelike rigting is daar vier groot landskappe: </p> <ul><li>die Donauvallei en die Donauplato in Donaubulgarye,</li> <li>die Balkanbergreeks met die Sredna Gora-gebergte, wat parallel loop,</li> <li>die vlaktes en heuwels van <a href="/wiki/Roemeli%C3%AB" title="Roemelië">Roemelië</a> en</li> <li>die bergmassiewe van Rila, Pirin en die Rhodope.</li></ul> <p>Die sogenaamde Donaubulgarye is 'n gebied van vlaktes en heuwels, wat deur 'n eskarp of platorand met steil wande en 'n hoogte van tussen 100 tot 150 meter bo die riviervallei begrens word. 'n Aantal valleie met steil hellings sny deur die plato. In die droë platolandskappe word veral mielies en koring verbou, terwyl die gras- en bosvelde in die noord-ooste geskik is vir skaapteelt. Die valleie kry meer reënval en is relatief dig bevolk; hier oorheers die wyn-, vrugte- en groentebedryf. Die hawestad Roese teen die Donau is die belangrikste binnelandse nywerheidsentrum in Donaubulgarye, terwyl Warna aan die <a href="/wiki/Swartsee" title="Swartsee">Swartsee</a> die grootste van 'n hele reeks bekende vakansieoorde is, wat jaarliks miljoene besoekers uit ander dele van Europa lok. </p><p>Met die oorgangsgebied van die Voorbalkan begin die landskap geleidelik styg na die Balkanbergreeks (Bulgaars: <i>Stara Planina</i>), wat met 'n wydte tussen dertig en vyftig kilometer dwarsdeur Bulgarye loop. Die Balkan het net soos die <a href="/wiki/Alpe" title="Alpe">Alpe</a> tydens die Tersiêr ontstaan, maar bereik net in sy sentrale gedeelte, die Hoë Balkan, waar ondergrondse gesteentes soos graniet na die oppervlak geskuif is, hoogtes van meer as 2 300 meter bo seevlak. Met sy talryke bergpasse en klein plato's verskil die Balkan se karakter duidelik van dié van die Alpe. Die Westelike Balkan, wat ook die grenslyn met Serwië vorm, word deur gesteentes uit die Trias- en Juratydperk oorheers en bereik 'n hoogte van maksimaal 2 168 meter. Die Oostelike Balkan, wat tot by die Kaap Emine aan die Swartsee loop, is die laagste gedeelte van die bergreeks. </p><p>In die suide word die Balkan deur 'n steil eskarp begrens. Hier loop kleiner bergreekse parallel met die Balkan, met die Sredna Gora of Bulgaarse Middelgebergte suid van die Hoë Balkan as die bekendste. Tussen die Balkan en die laer bergreekse lê 'n aantal bekkens, wat deur berge omring word en dus 'n baie gematigde klimaat het. Hier het van die oudste nedersettings in Bulgarye ontstaan, en ook die hoofstad Sofia is reeds in die antieke tydperk teen 'n hoogte van 550 meter in een van hierdie bekkens aangelê. Die bekkens speel 'n groot rol in die Bulgaarse landbou as belangrike verskaffers van roosolie en wyn. </p><p>Die <a href="/wiki/Maritsa" title="Maritsa">Maritsarivier</a> vloei deur die sentrale gedeelte van die Roemeese landskap, wat hoofsaaklik uit vlaktes en heuwelagtige gebiede bestaan en tussen die Balkan en die Rhodopebergreeks lê; die gebied word dus dikwels ook Maritsabekken genoem. In een van die groter vlaktes lê Plovdiv, een van die oudste stede in Bulgarye, wat in die antieke tydperk as Philippolis bekend gestaan het. Ander bekende stede is Dimitrofgrad, 'n nywerheidsentrum, wat sedert 1947 teen die Maritsarivier ontwikkel is, en <a href="/wiki/Boergas" title="Boergas">Boergas</a>, 'n nywerheidstad, seehawe en vakansieoord aan die Swartsee. Die digbevolkte vlaktes van Roemelië is geskik vir die verbouing van wyn, sonneblomme, tabak, katoen, groente, mielies en ander graangewasse, alhoewel die meeste aanplantings in teenstelling met die noorde van die land onder besproeiing is. </p><p>Die Thrakiese Massief in die suide word deur drie bergreekse gevorm – Rila, Pirin en die Rhodope. Die Rilaberge is 'n kristalliene bergreeks, wat veral bekend staan vir die Middeleeuse klooster Rila. Sy hoogste bergspits is die Moesala (2 925 meter bo seevlak). Ook die Pirinbergreeks, wat in die suide by Rila aansluit, verrys tot hoogtes van meer as 2 900 meter. Tussen die hoë bergspitse van albei reekse lê bekkens, wat geskik is vir die verbouing van graan en groente. </p><p>Die beboste Rhodope, wat tot by 2 191 meter bo seevlak verrys, vorm 'n natuurlike grens met die suidelike buurstaat Griekeland en die Middellandse Seegebied, veral omdat bergpasse hier skaars is. Net die laer geleë oostelike gedeelte het danksy die invloed van die <a href="/wiki/Middellandse_See" title="Middellandse See">Middellandse See</a> 'n gematigde bergklimaat. Die res van die Rhodope is 'n barre berglandskap, en die landbou is beperk tot veeteelt en die verbouing van aartappels, linne en klein hoeveelhede tabak. Damme in die Ardawallei lewer hidroëlektriese krag op. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geskiedenis">Geskiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Geskiedenis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antieke_tydperk">Antieke tydperk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Antieke tydperk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Antieke tydperk"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Panagyurishte_gold.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Panagyurishte_gold.jpg/220px-Panagyurishte_gold.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Panagyurishte_gold.jpg/330px-Panagyurishte_gold.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Panagyurishte_gold.jpg/440px-Panagyurishte_gold.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>'n <i>Rhyton</i> (houer vir drankoffers) uit die Thrakiese "Goudskat van Panagjoerisjte"</figcaption></figure> <p>Die oudste menslike nedersettings in Bulgarye het in die Balkanberge ontstaan. Die eerste staat in die gebied van die huidige Bulgarye is deur 'n Thrakiese stam gestig wat hom omtrent 500 v.C. teen die Maritsarivier gevestig het. 'n Ryke kulturele erfenis dateer uit hierdie tydperk, soos byvoorbeeld die goudskatte van Warna, Valtsji Tran en Panagjoerisjte wat tans in die Argeologiese Museums van Sofia en Plovdiv vertoon word. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Philippos_II_van_Makedoni%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippos II van Makedonië">Philippos II</a>, die vader van <a href="/wiki/Alexander_die_Grote" title="Alexander die Grote">Alexander die Grote</a>, het die Thrakiese gebiede op die Balkanskiereiland in 342 v.C. verower. In hierdie tydperk het nedersettings soos Philippolis (die huidige Plovdiv) ontstaan. Griekse setlaars het hulle langs die Swartseekus gevestig en stede soos Warna en Nesebâr gestig. </p><p>Die gebied is verskeie kere deur <a href="/wiki/Kelte" title="Kelte">Keltiese</a> invallers bedreig, maar het uiteindelik het die Romeine daarin geslaag om die hele Balkanskiereiland te verower. Dit is as Provincia Thracia in 46 v.C. by die <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Ryk" title="Romeinse Ryk">Romeinse Ryk</a> ingelyf. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eerste_Bulgaarse_Ryk">Eerste Bulgaarse Ryk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Eerste Bulgaarse Ryk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Eerste Bulgaarse Ryk"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bulgaria-ZarSime%C3%B3n.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bulgaria-ZarSime%C3%B3n.svg/220px-Bulgaria-ZarSime%C3%B3n.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bulgaria-ZarSime%C3%B3n.svg/330px-Bulgaria-ZarSime%C3%B3n.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bulgaria-ZarSime%C3%B3n.svg/440px-Bulgaria-ZarSime%C3%B3n.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1122" data-file-height="986" /></a><figcaption>Die Eerste Bulgaarse Ryk onder Tsaar Simeon I</figcaption></figure> <p>Vanaf die 6de eeu het Slawiese stamme Bulgarye binnegedring, en sedert 680 het ook die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-Bulgare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proto-Bulgare (bladsy bestaan nie)">Proto-Bulgare</a>, 'n Turkse volk, wat oorspronklik uit die gebiede langs die Swart en Kaspiese See afkomstig was, begin om hier nedersettings te vestig. Die Bulgare het daarin geslaag om hulle onafhanklikheid teen die magtige <a href="/wiki/Bisantynse_Ryk" title="Bisantynse Ryk">Bisantynse Ryk</a>, destyds die belangrikste <a href="/wiki/Groot_moondheid" title="Groot moondheid">groot moondheid</a> in die Balkangebied, te bewaar. </p><p>Met die stigting van die Eerste Bulgaarse Ryk (680–1018) het bykans die hele Balkanskiereiland binne die Bulgaarse magsgebied geval. Pliska en later Preslaf het as administratiewe sentrums gedien. Onder die heerskappy van Boris I (852–889) het die Bulgare die Christelike Ortodokse geloof, en die Oud-Bulgaars taal het amptelik in die land geword. Die Slawiese apostels <a href="/wiki/Cyrillus_en_Methodius" title="Cyrillus en Methodius">Cyrillus en Methodius</a> het 'n Slawiese skrif en literatuur ontwikkel. </p><p>Die belangrikste Bulgaarse heerser tydens die Middeleeue was Simeon I (893–927). Hy staan as die stigter van die Bulgaarse Patriargaat bekend en het ook die kunste bevorder. In 927 het hy die titel <a href="/wiki/Tsaar" title="Tsaar">tsaar</a> aangeneem. Die heerskappy van sy seun, tsaar Pieter, is deur boereopstande en die uitbreiding van die Bogomielse geloofsleer gekenmerk. Die Bogomiele het 'n maatskaplike en teologiese dualisme tot die grondbeginsel van hul leerstellings gemaak en moontlik ook groot invloed uitgeoefen het op die <a href="/wiki/Kathaar" title="Kathaar">Kathare</a> van Wes-Europa. </p><p>In 969 is die Bulgaarse Ryk in Wes-Bulgarye (met Serwië, Albanië en Noord-Masedonië en die hoofstad Ohrid) en Oos-Bulgarye met die hoofstad Preslaf verdeel. Die Eerste Bulgaarse Ryk het in 972 'n neerlaag teen die strydmagte van die Bisantynse keiser Basileios II Bulgaroktonos ("die Bulgareslagter") en die Prins van Kiev gely. Oos-Bulgarye is onmiddellik by die Bisantynse Ryk ingelyf, terwyl Wes-Bulgarye eers in 1018 volledig verower is. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tweede_Bulgaarse_Ryk">Tweede Bulgaarse Ryk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Tweede Bulgaarse Ryk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Tweede Bulgaarse Ryk"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Desislava.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Desislava.jpg/220px-Desislava.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Desislava.jpg/330px-Desislava.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Desislava.jpg 2x" data-file-width="397" data-file-height="326" /></a><figcaption>Desislava, die eggenote van Kalojan. Fresko uit die kerk van Bojana (1259)</figcaption></figure> <p>Bulgarye was tydens die <a href="/wiki/Kruistog" title="Kruistog">Kruistogte</a> van die 11de en 12de eeu 'n belangrike deurgangsgebied vir 'n aantal Christelike leërs op pad na die Heilige Land. 'n Aantal opstande teen die Bisantyne is maklik neergeslaan, en eers in 1185 het twee bojare of adellikes, Pieter en Asen, daarin geslaag om Bulgarye van Bisantynse bewind te bevry. </p><p>In 1185 het Pieter en Asen die Tweede Bulgaarse Ryk gestig wat tot 1393 sou bestaan, met Tirnowo (die huidige Weliko Tarnowo) as nuwe hoofstad. Tirnowo het vinnig tot die sentrum van die Oud-Slawiese kuns en kultuur ontwikkel. Die belangrikste heerser van die Tweede Ryk was Kalojan wat deur die <a href="/wiki/Pous" title="Pous">pous</a> as koning gekroon is. In 1205 het hy naby Adrianopolis 'n oorwinning oor 'n kruisvaardersleër behaal en Boudewyn van Vlaandere, die destydse heerser van die Latynse Koninkryk, gevange geneem. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkse_heerskappy">Turkse heerskappy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Turkse heerskappy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Turkse heerskappy"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ná die dood van Iwan Asen II in 1241 het die Bulgaarse Ryk begin verbrokkel. Kleiner deelstate is gevorm. </p><p>Die <a href="/wiki/Ottomaanse_Ryk" title="Ottomaanse Ryk">Ottomaanse Ryk</a>, wat destyds in Klein-Asië tot 'n <a href="/wiki/Groot_moondheid" title="Groot moondheid">groot moondheid</a> ontwikkel het, het sy kans waargeneem. Turkse leërs het die gebied binnegeval en een deelstaat na die ander verower. Die hoofstad Tirnowo is in 1393 deur die <a href="/wiki/Turke" title="Turke">Turke</a> ingeneem, en Bulgarye het vyf eeue lank onder Turkse bewind gebly. As Ottomaanse provinsie is die land nou Roemelië genoem, en Sofia het as regeringsetel van 'n Turkse stadhouder (<i>beglerbeg</i>) gedien. </p><p>Die Bulgare het verskeie kere in opstand teen die Turkse bewindhebbers gekom, maar kon die Ottomaanse juk nooit afskud nie. Die kloosters, veral <a href="/wiki/Rilaklooster" title="Rilaklooster">Rila</a>, het tydens die Turkse heerskappy as geestelike, kulturele en godsdienstige sentrums gedien waar die Bulgaarse taal, kultuur, tradisies en nasionale identiteit steeds met trots bewaar is. Die kloosters het ook 'n belangrike rol by die ontwikkeling van die nasionale bewussyn van Bulgarye en gewapende opstande gespeel. </p><p>Die hergeboorte van die Bulgaarse nasie het sy aanvang tydens die tweede helfte van die 18de eeu geneem. Met die stigting van 'n selfstandige Bulgaarse Eksargaat in Konstantinopel het die Ortodokse Kerk van Bulgarye onafhanklik van die Griekse moederkerk geword. Die Eksargaat is in 1878 na Sofia verskuif. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vryheidsoorlog">Vryheidsoorlog</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Vryheidsoorlog" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Vryheidsoorlog"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bulgaria-SanStefano_-(1878)-byTodorBozhinov.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bulgaria-SanStefano_-%281878%29-byTodorBozhinov.png/220px-Bulgaria-SanStefano_-%281878%29-byTodorBozhinov.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bulgaria-SanStefano_-%281878%29-byTodorBozhinov.png/330px-Bulgaria-SanStefano_-%281878%29-byTodorBozhinov.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bulgaria-SanStefano_-%281878%29-byTodorBozhinov.png/440px-Bulgaria-SanStefano_-%281878%29-byTodorBozhinov.png 2x" data-file-width="776" data-file-height="605" /></a><figcaption>Die grense van Bulgarye volgens die Verdrag van San Stefano (1878)</figcaption></figure> <p>Sedert die middel van die 18de eeu was Rusland een van die grootste teenstanders van die Turkse Ottomaanse Ryk. Met die Vrede van Kütsjük Kainardji in 1774 het Rusland uiteindelik ook as beskermheer van die Balkanstate opgetree. </p><p>Die vryheidsbeginsels van die 18de eeu, wat in die <a href="/wiki/Franse_Rewolusie" title="Franse Rewolusie">Franse Rewolusie</a> en die Vryheidsoorlog van die Verenigde State 'n groot rol gespeel het, het saam met die gedagtes van die liberalisme en romantiek van die 19de eeu ook invloed op die vryheidsstryd van kleiner volke soos die Bulgare begin uitoefen. </p><p>Die meeste Europese <a href="/wiki/Groot_moondhede" class="mw-redirect" title="Groot moondhede">groot moondhede</a> het probeer om voordeel te trek uit die agteruitgang van die Ottomaanse Ryk. Rusland het hom ten gunste van die stigting van 'n onafhanklike <a href="/wiki/Groot-Bulgaarse_Ryk" title="Groot-Bulgaarse Ryk">Groot-Bulgaarse Ryk</a> uitgespreek. In die Slag van die Sjipkabergpas het die Russe in hul oorlog teen die Ottomaanse Ryk (1877–1878) 'n oorwinning behaal, en op die Berlynse Kongres van 1878 is die noordelike Bulgarye met die hoofstad Sofia as 'n selfstandige vorstedom erken, al het dit skatpligtig aan die Turkse Ryk gebly. </p><p>Die Duitse Prins Alexander von Battenberg, 'n neef van die Russiese tsarin, het in 1879 vors van Bulgarye geword. Onder sy heerskappy het Bulgarye Masedonië en Oos-Roemelië (Thrakië) kwytgeraak. Die laasgenoemde, suidelike deel van Bulgarye het met die hoofstad Plovdiv weer 'n selfregerende gebied met 'n Turkse stadhouder gevorm. Oos-Roemelië is in 1885 weer deur Bulgarye verower, en in 1886 het Prins Alexander afstand van die troon gedoen ten gunste van Ferdinand van Sakse-Coburg (1887–1918). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Koninkryk_Bulgarye">Koninkryk Bulgarye</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Koninkryk Bulgarye" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Koninkryk Bulgarye"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bulgaria1915physical.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bulgaria1915physical.jpg/220px-Bulgaria1915physical.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bulgaria1915physical.jpg/330px-Bulgaria1915physical.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bulgaria1915physical.jpg/440px-Bulgaria1915physical.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="452" /></a><figcaption>Die Koninkryk Bulgarye tydens die Eerste Wêreldoorlog</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Map_of_Bulgaria_during_WWII.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Map_of_Bulgaria_during_WWII.png/220px-Map_of_Bulgaria_during_WWII.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Map_of_Bulgaria_during_WWII.png/330px-Map_of_Bulgaria_during_WWII.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Map_of_Bulgaria_during_WWII.png/440px-Map_of_Bulgaria_during_WWII.png 2x" data-file-width="1301" data-file-height="855" /></a><figcaption>Die Koninkryk Bulgarye tydens die Tweede Wêreldoorlog</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1906 het Ferdinand die titel "Tsaar van Bulgarye" aanvaar. Vier jaar later het Bulgarye in die <a href="/wiki/Eerste_Balkanoorlog" title="Eerste Balkanoorlog">Eerste Balkanoorlog</a> saam met Serwië, Griekeland en <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> 'n oorwinning oor Turkye behaal. Bulgarye en Serwië het nou albei aanspraak op 'n aantal voormalige Turkse gebiede gemaak. Die politieke dispuut daaroor het tot die uitbreek van die Tweede Balkanoorlog tussen Serwië en Bulgarye in 1913 gelei. In die Vrede van Boekarest moes Bulgarye Masedonië aan Griekeland en Dobroedja aan Roemenië afstaan. </p><p>Tydens die <a href="/wiki/Eerste_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Eerste Wêreldoorlog">Eerste Wêreldoorlog</a> het Bulgarye hom by die <a href="/wiki/Spilmoondhede" title="Spilmoondhede">Sentrale Moondhede</a> <a href="/wiki/Duitse_Keiserryk" title="Duitse Keiserryk">Duitsland</a> en <a href="/wiki/Oostenryk-Hongarye" title="Oostenryk-Hongarye">Oostenryk-Hongarye</a> aangesluit. Ná dié lande se gemeenskaplike neerlaag in die Vredesverdrag van Neuilly in 1919 moes Bulgarye verdere gebiede afstaan: Suid-Thrakië aan Griekeland, Suid-Dobroedja aan Roemenië en 'n aantal gebiede aan die nuutgestigte Joego-Slawië. Tsaar Ferdinand het reeds in Oktober 1918 afstand van die troon gedoen, en sy seun het as Tsaar Boris III tot en met 1943 geregeer. </p><p>Die tydperk tussen die twee wêreldoorloë is deur politieke instabiliteit en staatsgrepe gekenmerk. In 1919 het die leier van die Rewolusionêre Boereparty, Aleksander Stamboliski, eerste minister van Bulgarye geword. Gedurende sy regeringstyd van vier jaar, wat deur etniese spanninge tussen die Bulgaarse meerderheidsbevolking en die Masedoniese minderheid oorskadu is, het hy die boerderye van groot grondbesitters aan arm boeregesinne herverdeel. In 1923 is Stamboliski deur 'n staatsgreep uit die kussings gelig en vyf dae later vermoor. </p><p>Die parlementêre bedeling het in die volgende jare voortbestaan, waarby militariste en rojaliste beslissende invloed op swak regerings uitgeoefen het. Bulgarye se ekonomie het in dié periode gestagneer nadat buitelandse beleggings sterk afgeneem het. Die krisis is gedurende die <a href="/wiki/Groot_Depressie" title="Groot Depressie">Groot Depressie</a> nog vererger namate die Bulgaarse landbousektor sy mededingendheid op internasionale markte weens hoë produksiekoste ingeboet het. Vanaf 1933 het <a href="/wiki/Nazi-Duitsland" title="Nazi-Duitsland">Nazi-Duitsland</a> sy handelsbande met Bulgarye uitgebrei. As een van die belangrikste invoerders van Bulgaarse goedere het die Duitse Ryk ook sy politieke betrekkinge met Sofia versterk. In 1934 het Bulgaarse offisiere ná nog 'n staatsgreep 'n outoritêre bewind onder tsaar Boris III gevestig. </p><p>In 1941 het tsaar Boris III 'n geallieerde van die <a href="/wiki/Spilmoondhede" title="Spilmoondhede">Spilmoondhede</a> geword. Met Duitse toestemming en volgens die sogenaamde Tweede Weense Ooreenkoms het die land Nieu-Bulgarye, wat gebiede in die Joego-Slawiese deelstaat Masedonië en die Griekse Thrakië ingesluit het, geannekseer. Daarnaas is Roemenië deur Nazi-Duitsland en Italië gedwing om Suid-Dobroedja aan Bulgarye af te staan. Boris III het nogtans moeite gedoen om Bulgarye se politieke onafhanklikheid te handhaaf. So het die land byvoorbeeld nie aan die Duitse inval in die Sowjetunie in Junie 1941 deelgeneem nie. Twee jaar later is Boris III kort ná 'n ontmoeting met <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>, waardeur hy volgens berigte baie ontsteld geraak het, oorlede. Moontlik het hy weens stres aan 'n beroerte gesterf, maar indertyd het ook gerugte die ronde gedoen dat die tsaar vergiftig is.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die minderjarige Simeon II het sy vader in 1943 as Tsaar van Bulgarye opgevolg; die land is deur 'n regentskapsraad onder die leiding van Prins Kirill geregeer. </p><p>Die <a href="/wiki/Sowjetunie" title="Sowjetunie">Sowjetunie</a> het op 5 September 1944 oorlog teen Bulgarye verklaar en die land beset. Bulgarye het sy politieke bande met die Spilmoondhede verbreek. Enkele dae later het Bulgarye oorlog teen die Duitse Ryk verklaar. Die Vaderlandse Unie, 'n koalisie van die Bulgaarse Boerevereniging, die Sosiaal-Demokratiese Party, die Radikaal-Demokratiese Zveno-Bond en die Kommunistiese Party, wat as 'n ondergrondse beweging ontstaan het, het op 9 September 1944 daarin geslaag om die regering omver te werp en die monargie af te skaf. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Volksrepubliek_Bulgarye">Volksrepubliek Bulgarye</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Volksrepubliek Bulgarye" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Volksrepubliek Bulgarye"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Todor_%C5%BDivkov_(fototeca.iiccr.ro).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Todor_%C5%BDivkov_%28fototeca.iiccr.ro%29.jpg/220px-Todor_%C5%BDivkov_%28fototeca.iiccr.ro%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Todor_%C5%BDivkov_%28fototeca.iiccr.ro%29.jpg/330px-Todor_%C5%BDivkov_%28fototeca.iiccr.ro%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Todor_%C5%BDivkov_%28fototeca.iiccr.ro%29.jpg/440px-Todor_%C5%BDivkov_%28fototeca.iiccr.ro%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="484" /></a><figcaption>Todor Sjiwkof, President van 1954 tot 1989</figcaption></figure> <p>Die Volksrepubliek Bulgarye is op 15 September 1946 uitgeroep, en in November het Georgi Dimitrof, die leier van die destydse Bulgaarse Arbeidersparty (wat in 1948 tot Kommunistiese Party van Bulgarye hernoem is), die Eerste Minister van die land geword. Ná sy afsterwe in 1949 is hy opgevolg deur W. Tsjerwenkof wat tydens sy regering (1950–1956) 'n onverdraagsame Stalinistiese beleid sou volg. </p><p>Ná die dood van Stalin in 1953 is Todor Sjiwkof in 1954 as nuwe partyleier verkies, en twee jaar later het hy Tsjerwenkof ook as Eerste Minister opgevolg. Vanaf 1971 het hy as Voorsitter van die Staatsraad ook die amp van staatshoof van Bulgarye beklee. Sjiwkof het 'n einde aan die internasionale isolasie van Bulgarye gemaak en nouer politieke bande met Westerse lande begin smee. Terselfdertyd is die dispute met die buurstate Griekeland, Joego-Slawië en Turkye oor gebiedsaansprake (Masedonië en Thrakië) vreedsaam opgelos. Bulgarye het egter steeds 'n noue vennoot van die Sowjetunie gebly. In 1949 het Bulgarye 'n lidstaat van die Raad vir Onderlinge Ekonomiese Bystand (ROEB, Engelse afkorting: COMECON) geword en in 1955 van die Verdrag van Warschau onderteken. </p><p>In 1981 is Bulgare van Turkse afkoms gedwing om Bulgaarse vanne aan te neem, en byna 400 000 van hulle het verkies om liewer na Turkye te emigreer. </p><p>Die nuwe beleid van <a href="/wiki/Glasnost" title="Glasnost">glasnost</a> en <a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">perestroika</a> in die Sowjetunie het in die tagtigerjare vinnig ook Bulgarye geraak. Ná massabetogings in 1989 en 'n kortstondige ampstermyn van Sjiwkof se opvolger Petar Mladenof het die kommunistiese regering in Februarie 1990 bedank. Die eerste demokratiese verkiesing is in Junie 1990 gehou. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republiek_Bulgarye">Republiek Bulgarye</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: Republiek Bulgarye" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Republiek Bulgarye"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Volgens die nuwe grondwet, wat in Julie 1991 aanvaar is, is Bulgarye 'n demokratiese en parlementêre republiek met 'n verkose President en 'n Eerste Minister, wat aan die Parlement verantwoordelik is. </p><p>Die politieke en ekonomiese transformasie is soos elders in Oos-Europa as 'n moeilike proses ervaar. Die anti-kommunistiese Unie van Demokratiese Magte (UDM) het hom as regeringsparty tussen 1992 en 1994 op die privatisering van die voormalige staatsbedrywe en landhervorming gekonsentreer. Die meeste bedrywe was egter nie meer in staat om op die wêreldmark mee te ding nie, en ook die Bulgaarse infrastruktuur het geblyk om te swak te wees vir 'n vinnige modernisering van die ekonomie. Die hervormings het dus tot grootskaalse werkloosheid gelei. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Rozhen_2006_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Rozhen_2006_2.JPG/220px-Rozhen_2006_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Rozhen_2006_2.JPG/330px-Rozhen_2006_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Rozhen_2006_2.JPG/440px-Rozhen_2006_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Nasionale Volkspelefees in Rosjen (2006)</figcaption></figure> <p>Die Bulgaarse Sosialistiese Party (BSP), wat veral deur werkers ondersteun word, het onder die leierskap van Djan Widenof in die tweede demokratiese verkiesing van 1995 'n oorwinning behaal. Die nuwe regering het met sy ekonomiese beleid toestande nog vererger, en in 1996 het die land onder 'n hiperinflasie van meer as 260 persent en die bankrotskap van groot dele van die banksektor gebuk gegaan. </p><p>Die UDM het die verkiesing van 1997 gewen, tog het ook die nuwe regering onder die Eerste Minister Iwan Kostof nie daarin geslaag om die ekonomiese vraagstukke aan te pak nie. <a href="/wiki/Korrupsie" title="Korrupsie">Korrupsie</a> het die aansien van die politieke partye verder ondermyn. </p><p>Die voormalige Tsaar Simeon II, wat Bulgarye as 'n negejarige moes verlaat, het in 1996 as 'n welvarende sakeman onder die burgerlike naam Simeon Sakskoburggotski (die Bulgaarse skryfwyse van die Huis Sakse-Coburg-Gotha) na sy geboorteland teruggekeer en met sy nuwe politieke party, die Nasionale Beweging Simeon II (NBS2), 'n oortuigende oorwinning in die verkiesing van Junie 2001 behaal. As Eerste Minister het hy 'n vasbeslote Westerse beleid gevolg. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flags_of_Nato,_Bulgaria,_European_Union_-_Military_club,_Plovdiv,_Bulgaria.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flags_of_Nato%2C_Bulgaria%2C_European_Union_-_Military_club%2C_Plovdiv%2C_Bulgaria.JPG/220px-Flags_of_Nato%2C_Bulgaria%2C_European_Union_-_Military_club%2C_Plovdiv%2C_Bulgaria.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flags_of_Nato%2C_Bulgaria%2C_European_Union_-_Military_club%2C_Plovdiv%2C_Bulgaria.JPG/330px-Flags_of_Nato%2C_Bulgaria%2C_European_Union_-_Military_club%2C_Plovdiv%2C_Bulgaria.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flags_of_Nato%2C_Bulgaria%2C_European_Union_-_Military_club%2C_Plovdiv%2C_Bulgaria.JPG/440px-Flags_of_Nato%2C_Bulgaria%2C_European_Union_-_Military_club%2C_Plovdiv%2C_Bulgaria.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Vlae van NAVO, Bulgarye en die Europese Unie langs mekaar voor die Militêre Klub van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plowdif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plowdif (bladsy bestaan nie)">Plowdif</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Bulgarye het in 2004 by die Noord-Atlantiese Verdragsorganisasie (NAVO) aangesluit en in 2007 'n lidstaat van die Europese Unie (EU) geword. Volgens die EU moes Bulgarye nog hervormings in sy regstelsel en maatreëls teen georganiseerde misdaad instel. Die internasionale dwelmhandel gebruik die land as een van sy hoofpyplyne – volgens die <i>International Narcotics Control Board</i> se jaarverslag van 2005 is sowat tagtig persent van alle heroïen wat op die Europese mark verhandel is, vanuit Bulgarye na die EU gesmokkel. </p><p>Alhoewel die ekonomie begin herstel het, bly naas misdaad werkloosheid, korrupsie, en die gebrekkige onderwysstelsel en gesondheidsorg die grootste vraagstukke. Honderdduisende goed opgeleide Bulgare het die land verlaat om 'n beter heenkome in Wes-Europa en oorsee te vind. </p><p>In die verkiesing van 2005 het geen van die partye daarin geslaag om 'n volstrekte meerderheid van setels in die parlement te wen nie; die Sosialiste en NMB2 het die meeste stemme op hulle verenig. Ná sowat 'n maand van onderhandelinge is 'n koalisie gevorm wat uit die BSP, NMB2 en die Beweging vir Regte en Vryhede bestaan het. Ondanks hulle ideologiese verskille was die drie partye vasbeslote om die hervormings aan te pak wat vir die land se toetrede tot die Europese Unie in 2007 nodig was. Wanbestuur en korrupsie bly nogtans die grootste struikelblokke. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administratiewe_streke">Administratiewe streke</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Wysig afdeling: Administratiewe streke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Administratiewe streke"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bulgarye bestaan uit 27 provinsies en die metropolitaanse hoofstadprovinsie Sofia-Grad. Elke provinsie is genoem na sy hoofstad. Die provinsies is onderverdeel in 265 munisipaliteite. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bulgaria_Aministrative_Provinces_numbered.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bulgaria_Aministrative_Provinces_numbered.png/220px-Bulgaria_Aministrative_Provinces_numbered.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bulgaria_Aministrative_Provinces_numbered.png/330px-Bulgaria_Aministrative_Provinces_numbered.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bulgaria_Aministrative_Provinces_numbered.png/440px-Bulgaria_Aministrative_Provinces_numbered.png 2x" data-file-width="548" data-file-height="361" /></a><figcaption>Bulgarye se 27 provinsies</figcaption></figure> <table> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <ol><li>Blagoefgrad</li> <li>Burgas</li> <li>Dobrich</li> <li>Gabrowo</li> <li>Haskowo</li> <li>Kardzhali</li> <li>Kyustendil</li> <li>Lowetsj</li> <li>Montana</li></ol> </td> <td valign="top"> <ol><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li value="10"> Pazardzhik </li> <li>Pernik</li> <li>Plewen Province</li> <li>Plowdif</li> <li>Razgrad</li> <li>Ruse</li> <li>Sjoemen</li> <li>Silistra</li> <li>Sliwen</li></ol> </td> <td valign="top"> <ol><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li value="19"> Smoljan </li> <li>Sofia</li> <li>Stara Zagora</li> <li>Targowisjte</li> <li>Warna</li> <li>Weliko Tarnowo</li> <li>Widin</li> <li>Wratsa</li> <li>Jambol</li></ol> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bevolking">Bevolking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Wysig afdeling: Bevolking" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Bevolking"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Veliko_Tarnovo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Veliko_Tarnovo.jpg/220px-Veliko_Tarnovo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Veliko_Tarnovo.jpg/330px-Veliko_Tarnovo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Veliko_Tarnovo.jpg/440px-Veliko_Tarnovo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2839" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Weliko_Tarnowo" title="Weliko Tarnowo">Weliko Tarnowo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Meer as 85 persent van die bevolking is etniese Bulgare. Die Turke is met sowat tien persent die grootste etniese minderheid in Bulgarye, alhoewel Bulgare en Turke nie altyd duidelik van mekaar onderskei kan word nie. Baie Islamitiese Bulgare, waaronder die <a href="/wiki/Pomake" title="Pomake">Pomake</a> in die Rhodope-berggebiede, beskou hulself as Turke. As gevolg van die twee Balkanoorloë en die Bulgariseringsbeleid van die Kommunistiese Party in die jare 1950, 1969 en 1981 het honderdduisende Turke na Turkye geëmigreer. Ook baie Joodse burgers het ná die <a href="/wiki/Tweede_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Tweede Wêreldoorlog">Tweede Wêreldoorlog</a> 'n nuwe heenkome in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> gevind. Weens die moeilike ekonomiese situasie in die land het ook honderdduisende Bulgare die land sedert die negentigerjare verlaat. Daarnaas het die lae geboortekoers die bevolking van Bulgarye van sowat 8,8 miljoen in 1980 tot 8,4 miljoen in 1995 en 7,4 miljoen in 2011 laat krimp. </p><p>Ander belangrike minderhede sluit <a href="/wiki/Roma" title="Roma">Roma</a> (4,6 persent, volgens ander skattings 750 000<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), <a href="/wiki/Russe" title="Russe">Russe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armene" title="Armene">Armene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roemene" title="Roemene">Roemene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grieke" title="Grieke">Grieke</a> en Walagyers in. </p><p>Die meerderheid van die bevolking (85 persent) is <a href="/wiki/Bulgaars-Ortodokse_Kerk" title="Bulgaars-Ortodokse Kerk">Bulgaars-Ortodokse Christene</a>. Die grootste godsdienstige minderhede is <a href="/wiki/Moslem" title="Moslem">Moslems</a> (13,1 persent), <a href="/wiki/Rooms-Katolieke_Kerk" title="Rooms-Katolieke Kerk">Rooms-Katolieke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme">Protestante</a> en <a href="/wiki/Jode" title="Jode">Jode</a>. </p><p>Bulgaars is die amptelike taal van Bulgarye. Saam met <a href="/wiki/Serwo-Kroaties" title="Serwo-Kroaties">Serwo-Kroaties</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masedonies" title="Masedonies">Masedonies</a> en <a href="/wiki/Sloweens" title="Sloweens">Sloweens</a> behoort Bulgaars tot die Suid-Slawiese groep van tale, maar net Bulgaars en Masedonies is nou verwant. Albei tale word deur nie-Slawiese, veral <a href="/wiki/Roemeens" title="Roemeens">Roemeense</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albanees" title="Albanees">Albanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grieks" title="Grieks">Griekse</a> en <a href="/wiki/Turks" title="Turks">Turkse</a> invloede, gekenmerk en verskil nou duidelik van die ander Slawiese tale. Die hoofdialekte van Bulgaars is Wes- en Oos-Bulgaars, waarby die laasgenoemde die basis vir die huidige standaardtaal gevorm het. Bulgaars word met die <a href="/wiki/Cyrilliese_alfabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrilliese alfabet">Cyrilliese alfabet</a> geskrywe. </p><p>Masedonies word in Bulgarye dikwels as 'n Bulgaarse dialek beskou; gevolglik is daar byna geen onderwys in dié taal nie. Turks is wél toegelaat as 'n skoolvak, maar mag sedert die amptelike Bulgariseringsveldtogte van die tagtigerjare nie meer as onderrigtaal gebruik word nie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomie">Ekonomie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Wysig afdeling: Ekonomie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Ekonomie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrialisering_ná_1945"><span id="Industrialisering_n.C3.A1_1945"></span>Industrialisering ná 1945</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Wysig afdeling: Industrialisering ná 1945" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Industrialisering ná 1945"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Neftochim-vaya-dinev.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Neftochim-vaya-dinev.jpg/220px-Neftochim-vaya-dinev.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Neftochim-vaya-dinev.jpg/330px-Neftochim-vaya-dinev.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Neftochim-vaya-dinev.jpg/440px-Neftochim-vaya-dinev.jpg 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>Akkerbou en nywerhede in die Provinsie Boergas, met die petrochemiese aanleg Neftochim in die agtergrond</figcaption></figure> <p>Bulgarye het ná die Tweede Wêreldoorlog as 'n agrariese staat tot die Raad vir Onderlinge Ekonomiese Bystand toegetree en sy industrialisering aan hierdie ekonomiese gemeenskap van Oosbloklande te danke gehad. Naas swaar nywerhede is ook masjienbou en die vervaardiging van elektronika en farmaseutiese produkte stelselmatig ontwikkel sodat hierdie sektore relatiewe sukses op Oos-Europese markte kon behaal. </p><p>Bulgaarse rekenaar-handelsmerke soos <i>Pravetz</i>, <i>Izot</i>, <i>IMKO</i> en <i>ES EVM</i> het rekenaars van Amerikaanse vervaardigers (veral Apple en IBM) as voorbeelde geneem om eie modelle te ontwerp wat ondanks hul laer gehalte in tot veertig persent van die Oos-Europese vraag na rekenaars voorsien het. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ekonomiese_krisis_ná_1989"><span id="Ekonomiese_krisis_n.C3.A1_1989"></span>Ekonomiese krisis ná 1989</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Wysig afdeling: Ekonomiese krisis ná 1989" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Ekonomiese krisis ná 1989"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die verbrokkeling van die Sowjetunie het Bulgarye in die vroeë 1990's van sy belangrikste handelsvennoot ontneem en sy ekonomie in 'n swaar krisis gedompel waarvan die land eers vanaf 2004 herstel het. Die goed ontwikkelde Bulgaarse rekenaarbedryf het heeltemal verdwyn. Die tydperk tussen 1989 en 1995 was deur krimpende reële inkomste en 'n laer lewenspeil vir die grootste deel van die bevolking gekenmerk. Bulgarye se sosiale en welvaartstelsel – waaronder sy staatsbeheerde gesondheidssorg en pensioenfonds – het grotendeels ineengestort. </p><p>Die destydse sosialistiese regering onder Sjan Widenof het eerder na die belange van Bulgarye se ou politieke elites omgesien en was uiteindelik nie in staat om die land se ekonomiese vraagstukke aan te pak nie. Vroeg in 1996 het die hoë publieke skuldlas die land in 'n nuwe krisis gedompel. Banke het ineengestort, terwyl Bulgarye sy buitelandse skuld begin wanbetaal het. Om aan die vereistes vir lenings deur die Wêreldbank en die Internasionale Monetêre Fonds (IMF) te voldoen, het die regering 'n program van ekonomiese herstrukturering van stapel gestuur. 134 staatsondernemings sou gesluit en buitelandse beleggings deur belastingvoordele aangewakker word. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Makro-ekonomiese_ontwikkeling_sedert_1997">Makro-ekonomiese ontwikkeling sedert 1997</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Wysig afdeling: Makro-ekonomiese ontwikkeling sedert 1997" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Makro-ekonomiese ontwikkeling sedert 1997"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die makro-ekonomiese beleid van die Bulgaarse regering was sedertdien veral daarop gemik om stabiliteit en ekonomiese groei te handhaaf. Die lef (meervoud: lewa), Bulgarye se geldeenheid, is volgens die IMF se voorvereistes vir nuwe lenings in 1997 aan die Duitse Mark (in 'n 1:1-verhouding) en later aan die <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> (in 'n 1:1,9558-verhouding) gekoppel, en 'n lae inflasiekoers het die vertroue in die land herstel. Nogtans is die groot vraagstukke van die land soos korrupsie, die swak regstelsel en georganiseerde misdaad nog nie werklik aangespreek nie. </p><p>Die Bulgaarse ekonomie het tot in die jaar 2008 met jaarliks meer as ses persent gegroei, terwyl ook die land se finansiële konsolidering gevorder het. Die gemiddelde inkomste van Bulgare beloop tans 'n derde van die gemiddeld in die Europese Unie (EU), en Bulgarye sal nog baie jare benodig om hierdie agterstand in te haal. Die land bly sodoende die armste lidstaat in die EU. </p><p>Die banksektor en staatsfinansies het tydens die wêreldwye finansiële en ekonomiese krisis stabiel gebly. Die Bulgaarse regering het in Februarie 2009 met 'n aantal maatreëls op die globale krisis gereageer, waaronder die skepping van 50 000 nuwe werkgeleenthede, 'n bykomende beleggingsprogram van 700 miljoen lewa, subsidies ter waarde van 211 miljoen lef vir die landboubedryf, lenings ter waarde van 500 miljoen lewa wat aan klein en middelgroot ondernemings toegestaan is, beleggings van ses miljard lef in die energiebedryf, 'n staatswaarborg vir spaargeld van burgers met 'n maksimumwaarde van 100 000, 1,25 miljard lewa vir 'n verhoging van pensioene en 95 miljoen lewa vir sosiale welsyn.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die werkloosheidsyfer het in Junie 2012 sowat 11 persent beloop. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ekonomiese_sektore">Ekonomiese sektore</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Wysig afdeling: Ekonomiese sektore" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Ekonomiese sektore"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Blacksea-bg-beach-dinev.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Blacksea-bg-beach-dinev.jpg/220px-Blacksea-bg-beach-dinev.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Blacksea-bg-beach-dinev.jpg/330px-Blacksea-bg-beach-dinev.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Blacksea-bg-beach-dinev.jpg/440px-Blacksea-bg-beach-dinev.jpg 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="624" /></a><figcaption>Strand naby Djuni. Die vakansieoorde langs die Swart See is gewilde toeristebestemmings</figcaption></figure> <p>Tot by die Tweede Wêreldoorlog was die landbou die belangrikste sektor van die Bulgaarse ekonomie, wat ook meer as 90 persent van die land se uitvoere opgelewer het. Die bewerkbare grond was oorwegend in die besit van meer as een miljoen klein plasies met 'n gemiddelde oppervlak van vier hektaar. Byna vier vyfdes van die beroepsbevolking het op hierdie klein boerderye gewerk, wat weens die gebrek aan landboumasjiene en ander uitrusting nie baie produktief was nie. </p><p>Die hoofsaaklike landbouprodukte is <a href="/wiki/Koring" title="Koring">koring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mielies" class="mw-redirect" title="Mielies">mielies</a>, gars, <a href="/wiki/Aartappel" title="Aartappel">aartappels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rys" title="Rys">rys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Groente" title="Groente">groente</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vrug" title="Vrug">vrugte</a>, sonneblome, <a href="/wiki/Wyn" title="Wyn">wyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beet" title="Beet">beet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katoen" title="Katoen">katoen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Tabak" title="Tabak">tabak</a>. Die Toendjavallei naby Karlowo en Kasanlak staan bekend vir sy kosbare <a href="/wiki/Roosolie" title="Roosolie">roosolie</a>, wat veral in die parfuumbedryf, in fynbakkerye en vir likeure benodig word. </p><p>Danksy verbeterde metodes, die meganisering en besproeiing is die landbou se opbrengste duidelik verhoog. Ook die veeteelt is gemoderniseer; veetelers spits hulle toe op varkens, <a href="/wiki/Pluimvee" title="Pluimvee">pluimvee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bees" title="Bees">beeste</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skaap" title="Skaap">skape</a> en bye. Akkerbou en veeteelt vorm die basis van 'n veelsydige voedselbedryf, wat die plaaslike produkte verwerk. </p><p>Ná die oorlog is landbesit van meer as twintig hektaar herverdeel, en in 1947 is die mynbou, nywerhede, bankbedryf en groothandel genasionaliseer. </p><p>Die belangrikste grondstowwe is steen- en <a href="/wiki/Bruinkool" title="Bruinkool">bruinkool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lood" title="Lood">lood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sink" title="Sink">sink</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yster" title="Yster">yster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koper" title="Koper">koper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mangaan" title="Mangaan">mangaan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aardgas" title="Aardgas">aardgas</a> en ru-olie. Die sekondêre sektor verwerk naas die landbouprodukte, waaronder voedsel en tabak, ook inheemse grondstowwe. Ander belangrike bedrywe is chemie, staalvervaardiging en metaalverwerking, masjienbou, tekstiele, <a href="/wiki/Glas" title="Glas">glas</a>- en <a href="/wiki/Porselein" title="Porselein">porseleinvervaardiging</a> en kragopwekking. Die hoofuitvoerprodukte is tekstiele, skoene, yster en staal, masjiene en toerusting en brandstowwe. </p><p>Die toerismebedryf is veral langs die kuslyn van die Swartsee goed ontwikkel en 'n belangrike bron van buitelandse valuta. Die landbou se bydrae tot die bruto binnelandse produk beloop tans 11,5 persent, terwyl die nywerheidsektor 30,1 persent en die dienstesektor 58,4 persent oplewer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buitelandse_beleggings">Buitelandse beleggings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Wysig afdeling: Buitelandse beleggings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Buitelandse beleggings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>'n Aantal multinasionale ondernemings het begin om in Bulgarye te belê. So het die Amerikaanse rekenaarreus <i><a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a></i> een van sy globale dienssentrums in Sofia geopen waar dienste aan klante uit Europa, die Midde-Ooste en Afrika voorsien word. Die Chinese motorvervaardiger <i>Great Wall</i> het 'n fabriek naby Lowetsj opgerig wat in 2011 ingewy is. Die Britse beleggingsfonds <i>Quorus Ventures</i> het 'n vervaardigingsaanleg vir elektriese motors in Stara Sagora gebou. Daarnaas produseer 'n aantal motorvervaardigers uit België, Duitsland, Turkye en Japan onderdele in Bulgarye. </p><p>Die Duitse groothandelsreus <i>METRO</i> was een van die eerste internasionale ondernemings wat in die Bulgaarse handelsbedryf begin belê het. Intussen het ook Duitse winkel- en supermarkkettings soos <i>Penny</i>, <i>Lidl</i>, <i>Kaufland</i> en <i>dm</i> Bulgaarse filiale gestig. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultuur">Kultuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Wysig afdeling: Kultuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Kultuur"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musiek">Musiek</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Wysig afdeling: Musiek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Musiek"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Anna-Maria_Ravnopolska-Dean.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Anna-Maria_Ravnopolska-Dean.JPG/220px-Anna-Maria_Ravnopolska-Dean.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Anna-Maria_Ravnopolska-Dean.JPG/330px-Anna-Maria_Ravnopolska-Dean.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Anna-Maria_Ravnopolska-Dean.JPG/440px-Anna-Maria_Ravnopolska-Dean.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1144" data-file-height="787" /></a><figcaption>Die harpspeleres Anna-Maria Ravnopolska-Dean</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Zournas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Zournas.jpg/170px-Zournas.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Zournas.jpg/255px-Zournas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Zournas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="564" /></a><figcaption>Die <i>zurna</i> of keëlhobo het sy oorsprong in Turkye</figcaption></figure> <p>Koorsang het 'n lang tradisie in die musieklewe van Bulgarye. Die Staatskoor van Bulgarye het met sy eie kenmerkende styl internasionale bekendheid verwerf, terwyl ook ander kore soos die vrouekoor Angelite by gehore in die buiteland gewild geraak het. </p><p>Bulgarye se nasionale musiekinstrumente sluit die fluit <i>kaval</i> en die doedelsak <i>gaida</i> in. Die hoog gestemde Thrakiese <i>gaida</i> (<i>djura gaida</i>) word in die meeste landsdele gespeel, veral in die konteks van dansmusiek, terwyl die diep gestemde <i>kaba gaida</i> in die Rhodope-gebergte gebruik word om die dikwels treurige ballades te begelei. </p><p>Ander belangrike instrumente in die tradisionele Bulgaarse volksmusiek is die langhalsluit <i>tambura</i>, die viool <i>gadulka</i>, die tromme <i>tapan (davul)</i> en <i>tarambuka (darbuka)</i> en die blaasinstrument <i>zurna</i>. </p><p>Bekende Bulgaarse sangers sluit onder meer Ari Lesjnikof, wat vanaf 1928 tot by hulle ontbinding in die dertigerjare as tenoor deel uitgemaak het van die gewilde Duitse sanggroep <i>Comedian Harmonists</i>, en die operasanger Boris Christof, wat as een van die beste bassiste ter wêreld beskou word. Die Bulgaars-gebore mezzosopraan Wesselina Kassarowa tree dwarsoor die wêreld in operahuise op, terwyl Anna-Maria Ravnopolska-Dean haar as 'n internasionaal gewilde harpspeler bekwaam het. </p><p>Een van die opvallende kenmerke van die Bulgaarse volksmusiek is sy ritmiese veelsydigheid. Die gebruik van oneweredige mate (soos 5/8, 7/8 en 9/8) maak dit vir musici moeilik om hierdie musiek te bemeester. Fragmente van tradisionele Bulgaarse volksmusiek word nogtans deur musici dwarsoor die wêreld in verskillende musiekstyle gebruik. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kookkuns">Kookkuns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Wysig afdeling: Kookkuns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Kookkuns"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Banitsa_borzo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Banitsa_borzo.jpg/220px-Banitsa_borzo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Banitsa_borzo.jpg/330px-Banitsa_borzo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Banitsa_borzo.jpg/440px-Banitsa_borzo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Banitsa, 'n pastei van geklitste eiers, wit <a href="/wiki/Kaas" title="Kaas">kaas</a> en bladerdeeg</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:TaratorBg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/TaratorBg.jpg/220px-TaratorBg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/TaratorBg.jpg/330px-TaratorBg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/TaratorBg.jpg/440px-TaratorBg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="688" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Tarator is 'n koue sop wat onder meer van <a href="/wiki/Jogurt" title="Jogurt">jogurt</a> en komkommers gemaak word</figcaption></figure> <p>Net soos die kookkuns in ander Balkanlande word ook Bulgarye se kulinêre tradisie deur Griekse, Turkse en <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levantynse</a>, maar ook Italiaanse, Mediterreense en Hongaarse invloede gekenmerk. Danksy die redelik warm klimaat word 'n groot verskeidenheid groentes, <a href="/wiki/Kruid" title="Kruid">kruie</a> en vrugte verbou, wat tot die veelsydigheid van die Bulgaarse kookkuns bydra. </p><p>Slaaie soos <i>sopka salata</i> (gemengde slaai met skaapmelkkaas) word gedurende elke maaltyd bedien, net soos die groot verskeidenheid suiwelprodukte, inheemse wyne en plaaslike alkoholiese dranke soos <i>rakia</i> (<a href="/wiki/Brandewyn" title="Brandewyn">brandewyn</a>), <i>mastika</i> (anyslikeur) en <i>menta</i> (pepermentlikeur). Koue en warm soppe soos <i>tarator</i>, wat onder meer van <a href="/wiki/Komkommer" title="Komkommer">komkommers</a> gemaak word, is steeds gewild. </p><p>Pasteie soos <i>banitsa</i> of <i>moessaka</i> (met <a href="/wiki/Maalvleis" title="Maalvleis">maalvleis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eier_(voedsel)" title="Eier (voedsel)">eiers</a>, aartappels en eiervrugte), bredies soos <i>gjoevetsj</i> (met vleis en groente), <i>piperki palneni</i> (met rys en maalvleisgevulde rissies), <i>sjisjtsjeta</i> (stukkies vleis wat op die spit gebraai word) en <i>telesjko</i> (kalfsvleis met groenboontjies, <a href="/wiki/Tamatie" title="Tamatie">tamaties</a> en <a href="/wiki/Sous" title="Sous">sous</a>) is bekende geregte. </p><p><i>Podkwassa</i> (<a href="/wiki/Jogurt" title="Jogurt">jogurt</a>) is moontlik 'n Bulgaarse uitvinding, wat net soos melk, <a href="/wiki/Kwark_(suiwelproduk)" title="Kwark (suiwelproduk)">kwark</a> (vars wit kaas) en kaas 'n groot rol in die plaaslike kookkuns speel. <i>Ajrjan</i>, met water vermengde jogurt, is 'n verfrissende drank. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Wysig afdeling: Sport" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Sport"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Stoichkov_in_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Stoichkov_in_2016.jpg/170px-Stoichkov_in_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Stoichkov_in_2016.jpg/255px-Stoichkov_in_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Stoichkov_in_2016.jpg/340px-Stoichkov_in_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hristo_Stoichkof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hristo Stoichkof (bladsy bestaan nie)">Hristo Stoichkof</a> in 2016</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Grigor_Dimitrov_(18697714220).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Grigor_Dimitrov_%2818697714220%29.jpg/170px-Grigor_Dimitrov_%2818697714220%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Grigor_Dimitrov_%2818697714220%29.jpg/255px-Grigor_Dimitrov_%2818697714220%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Grigor_Dimitrov_%2818697714220%29.jpg/340px-Grigor_Dimitrov_%2818697714220%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2609" data-file-height="2637" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grigor_Dimitrof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grigor Dimitrof (bladsy bestaan nie)">Grigor Dimitrof</a> tydens die Italiaanse Ope in 2015</figcaption></figure> <p>Bulgarye het deelgeneem aan die eerste moderne <a href="/wiki/Olimpiese_Somerspele_1896" title="Olimpiese Somerspele 1896">Olimpiese Somerspele 1896</a>, toe dit deur die <a href="/wiki/Gimnastiek" title="Gimnastiek">gimnas</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Champaud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Champaud (bladsy bestaan nie)">Charles Champaud</a> verteenwoordig is.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sedertdien het Bulgaarse atlete al 55 goue, 90 silwer- en 85 bronsmedaljes gewen,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> waarmee hulle die 25ste plek in die algehele tabel beklee. <a href="/wiki/Gewigoptel" title="Gewigoptel">Gewigoptel</a> is 'n belangrike <a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">sportsoort</a> in Bulgarye. Die afrigter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iwan_Abadzhief&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iwan Abadzhief (bladsy bestaan nie)">Iwan Abadzhief</a> het innovatiewe afrigtingsmetodes ontwikkel wat sedert die 1980's verskeie Bulgaarse wêreld- en Olimpiese kampioene in gewigoptel opgelewer het.<sup id="cite_ref-Sport_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sport-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bulgaarse atlete het ook uitgeblink in <a href="/wiki/Stoei" title="Stoei">stoei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boks" title="Boks">boks</a>, gimnastiek, <a href="/wiki/Vlugbal" title="Vlugbal">vlugbal</a> en <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sport_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sport-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stefka_Kostadinowa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stefka Kostadinowa (bladsy bestaan nie)">Stefka Kostadinowa</a> is tans die wêreldrekordhouer in <a href="/wiki/Hoogspring" title="Hoogspring">hoogspring</a> vir vroue met 2,09 m, wat sy tydens die Wêreldatletiekkampioenskap 1987 aangeteken het.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grigor_Dimitrof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grigor Dimitrof (bladsy bestaan nie)">Grigor Dimitrof</a> is die eerste Bulgaarse tennisspeler onder die beste drie in die ATP-ranglys.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sokker" title="Sokker">Sokker</a> is by verre die gewildste sportsoort in die land. Die nasionale span se beste uitslag was die halfeindrondte tydens die <a href="/wiki/FIFA_Sokker-W%C3%AAreldbekertoernooi_in_1994" title="FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1994">FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1994</a>, toe die span aangevoer is deur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hristo_Stoichkof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hristo Stoichkof (bladsy bestaan nie)">Hristo Stoichkof</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sport_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sport-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stoichkof is die suksesvolste Bulgaarse speler van alle tye; hy het die goue skoen en die goue bal ontvang en is in die 1990's as een van die bestes beskou, toe hy vir <a href="/wiki/FC_Barcelona" title="FC Barcelona">FC Barcelona</a> gespeel het.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=PFC_CSKA_Sofia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PFC CSKA Sofia (bladsy bestaan nie)">CSKA</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=PFC_Lefski_Sofia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PFC Lefski Sofia (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lefski</a>, albei gebaseer in Sofia,<sup id="cite_ref-Sport_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sport-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is die suksesvolste Bulgaarse sokkerklubs en hulle handhaaf 'n strawwe wedywering.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=PFC_Ludogorets_Razgrad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PFC Ludogorets Razgrad (bladsy bestaan nie)">Ludogorets</a> is ook noemenswaardig, aangesien hulle in 'n tydperk van nege jaar van die plaaslike vierde afdeling na die <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League" title="UEFA Champions League">UEFA Champions League</a> 2014–15 se groepfase deurgedring het.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018 was hulle met hul 39 plek Bulgarye se beste klub in <a href="/wiki/UEFA" title="UEFA">UEFA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rugby" title="Rugby">Rugby</a> word ook in Bulgarye gespeel, maar die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaarse_nasionale_rugbyspan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulgaarse nasionale rugbyspan (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bulgaarse nasionale rugbyspan</a> kon tot dusver nog nie vir 'n <a href="/wiki/Rugbyw%C3%AAreldbeker" title="Rugbywêreldbeker">rugbywêreldbekertoernooi</a> kwalifiseer nie. Hulle ding in die <a href="/wiki/Europese_Rugbykampioenskap" title="Europese Rugbykampioenskap">Europese Rugbykampioenskap</a> met ander opkomende rugbyspanne mee. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-4" style="-moz-column-count: 4; -webkit-column-count: 4; column-count: 4; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Bulgaars">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">bg</span>) </span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFRumen_Penin2007" class="citation book cs1">Rumen Penin (2007). <i>Природна география на България</i>. Bulvest 2000. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-954-18-0546-6" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-954-18-0546-6"><bdi>978-954-18-0546-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Bulvest+2000&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-954-18-0546-6&rft.au=Rumen+Penin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bulgaria/">"Bulgaria"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">6 Maart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bulgaria&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fbulgaria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-imf2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-imf2_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-imf2_3-1">3,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-imf2_3-2">3,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-imf2_3-3">3,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=918,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2021&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"Bulgaria"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Internasionale_Monet%C3%AAre_Fonds" title="Internasionale Monetêre Fonds">Internasionale Monetêre Fonds</a>. Oktober 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">6 Maart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bulgaria&rft.pub=Internasionale+Monet%C3%AAre+Fonds&rft.date=2023-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2023%2FOctober%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D918%2C%26s%3DNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D2021%26ey%3D2028%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf">"Human Development Report 2021/2022"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United Nations Development Programme. 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">6 Maart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2021%2F2022&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fglobal-report-document%2Fhdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en">"Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey"</a>. Eurostat<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">6 Maart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gini+coefficient+of+equivalised+disposable+income+%E2%80%93+EU-SILC+survey&rft.pub=Eurostat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdatabrowser%2Fview%2Ftessi190%2Fdefault%2Ftable%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HAT_Taal-en-feitegids-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-HAT_Taal-en-feitegids_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">HAT Taal-en-feitegids, Pearson, Desember 2013, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9781775782438" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-77578-243-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Benjamin_Golden1992" class="citation book cs1">Peter Benjamin Golden (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/12545004"><i>An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East</i></a>. Otto Harrassowitz. pp. 103–104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-3-447-03274-2" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-3-447-03274-2"><bdi>978-3-447-03274-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+History+of+the+Turkic+Peoples%3A+Ethnogenesis+and+State+Formation+in+Medieval+and+Early+Modern+Eurasia+and+the+Middle+East&rft.pages=103-104&rft.pub=Otto+Harrassowitz&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-3-447-03274-2&rft.au=Peter+Benjamin+Golden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F12545004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFGlen_W._Bowersock1999" class="citation book cs1">Glen W. Bowersock (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=c788wWR_bLwC&pg=PA354&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Late Antiquity: a Guide to the Postclassical World</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. 354. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-674-51173-6" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-674-51173-6"><bdi>978-0-674-51173-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">14 Augustus</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Late+Antiquity%3A+a+Guide+to+the+Postclassical+World&rft.pages=354&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-674-51173-6&rft.au=Glen+W.+Bowersock&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.de%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc788wWR_bLwC%26pg%3DPA354%26redir_esc%3Dy%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFSanping_Chen2012" class="citation book cs1">Sanping Chen (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=ugbWH-5OjegC&redir_esc=y"><i>Multicultural China in the Early Middle Ages</i></a>. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-8122-4370-3" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-8122-4370-3"><bdi>978-0-8122-4370-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Multicultural+China+in+the+Early+Middle+Ages&rft.pages=97&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-4370-3&rft.au=Sanping+Chen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.de%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DugbWH-5OjegC%26redir_esc%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFLeif_Inge_Ree_Petersen2013" class="citation book cs1">Leif Inge Ree Petersen (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=BRGaAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA369&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Siege Warfare and Military Organization in the Successor States (400–800 AD): Byzantium, the West and Islam</i></a>. Brill. p. 369. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-9004254466" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-9004254466"><bdi>978-9004254466</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">14 Augustus</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Siege+Warfare+and+Military+Organization+in+the+Successor+States+%28400%E2%80%93800+AD%29%3A+Byzantium%2C+the+West+and+Islam&rft.pages=369&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-9004254466&rft.au=Leif+Inge+Ree+Petersen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.de%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBRGaAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA369%26redir_esc%3Dy%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Benjamin_Golden1992" class="citation book cs1">Peter Benjamin Golden (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/12545004"><i>An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East</i></a>. Otto Harrassowitz. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-3-447-03274-2" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-3-447-03274-2"><bdi>978-3-447-03274-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+History+of+the+Turkic+Peoples%3A+Ethnogenesis+and+State+Formation+in+Medieval+and+Early+Modern+Eurasia+and+the+Middle+East&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=Otto+Harrassowitz&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-3-447-03274-2&rft.au=Peter+Benjamin+Golden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F12545004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFSanping_Chen2012" class="citation book cs1">Sanping Chen (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=ugbWH-5OjegC&redir_esc=y"><i>Multicultural China in the Early Middle Ages</i></a>. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 92–95, 97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-8122-4370-3" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-8122-4370-3"><bdi>978-0-8122-4370-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Multicultural+China+in+the+Early+Middle+Ages&rft.pages=92-95%2C+97&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-4370-3&rft.au=Sanping+Chen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.de%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DugbWH-5OjegC%26redir_esc%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> James Cochran: <i>Unser 20. Jahrhundert. Zwischen den Weltkriegen 1919–1939</i>. Stuttgart, Zürich en Wene: Verlag Das Beste 2000, bl. 99</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> <i>Der Fischer Weltalmanach 2008</i>. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag 2007, bl. 94</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090827182606/http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/diplo/de/Laenderinformationen/Bulgarien/Wirtschaft.html">"Duitse Departement van Buitelandse Sake: Bulgarye – Ekonomie. Huidige ekonomiese situasie en klimaat vir beleggings"</a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/diplo/de/Laenderinformationen/Bulgarien/Wirtschaft.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 27 Augustus 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">30 Julie</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Duitse+Departement+van+Buitelandse+Sake%3A+Bulgarye+%E2%80%93+Ekonomie.+Huidige+ekonomiese+situasie+en+klimaat+vir+beleggings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.auswaertiges-amt.de%2Fdiplo%2Fde%2FLaenderinformationen%2FBulgarien%2FWirtschaft.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928142341/http://www.bgolympic.org/fce/index.shtml?s=001&p=0039&n=000001">"Athens 1896"</a>. Bulgaarse Olimpiese Komitee. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bgolympic.org/fce/index.shtml?s=001&p=0039&n=000001">die oorspronklike</a> op 28 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Athens+1896&rft.pub=Bulgaarse+Olimpiese+Komitee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bgolympic.org%2Ffce%2Findex.shtml%3Fs%3D001%26p%3D0039%26n%3D000001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.olympic.org/bulgaria">"Bulgaria"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Internasionale_Olimpiese_Komitee" title="Internasionale Olimpiese Komitee">Internasionale Olimpiese Komitee</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">5 Oktober</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bulgaria&rft.pub=Internasionale+Olimpiese+Komitee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2Fbulgaria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sport-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sport_18-0">18,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sport_18-1">18,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sport_18-2">18,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sport_18-3">18,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <cite style="font-style:normal">John D. Bell "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Bulgaria/The-arts#ref42718">Bulgaria – Sport and recreation</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>.  URL besoek op 6 Maart 2024.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.type=encyclopediaArticle&rft.au=John+D.+Bell&rft.title=Bulgaria+%E2%80%93+Sport+and+recreation&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FBulgaria%2FThe-arts%23ref42718&rft.source=%5B%5BEncyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%5D%5D"> </span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/highest-high-jump-(female)">"Highest high jump (female)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">6 Maart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Highest+high+jump+%28female%29&rft.pub=Guinness+World+Records&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guinnessworldrecords.com%2Fworld-records%2Fhighest-high-jump-%28female%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Buddell2014" class="citation web cs1">James Buddell (7 Julie 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atpworldtour.com/en/news/dimitrov-breaks-into-top-10-of-emirates-atp-rankings">"Dimitrov Breaks Into Top 10 of Emirates ATP Rankings"</a>. ATP Tour<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">9 Oktober</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dimitrov+Breaks+Into+Top+10+of+Emirates+ATP+Rankings&rft.pub=ATP+Tour&rft.date=2014-07-07&rft.au=James+Buddell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atpworldtour.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fdimitrov-breaks-into-top-10-of-emirates-atp-rankings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fcbarcelona.com/club/history/card/hristo-stoichkov">"Hristo Stoichkov"</a>. <a href="/wiki/FC_Barcelona" title="FC Barcelona">FC Barcelona</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">22 Julie</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hristo+Stoichkov&rft.pub=FC+Barcelona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fcbarcelona.com%2Fclub%2Fhistory%2Fcard%2Fhristo-stoichkov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111106213859/http://www.epfl-europeanleagues.com/fao/hristo_stoichkov.htm">"Hristo Stoichkov – Bulgarian League Ambassador"</a>. Professional Football Against Hunger. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epfl-europeanleagues.com/fao/hristo_stoichkov.htm">die oorspronklike</a> op 6 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">4 Desember</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hristo+Stoichkov+%E2%80%93+Bulgarian+League+Ambassador&rft.pub=Professional+Football+Against+Hunger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epfl-europeanleagues.com%2Ffao%2Fhristo_stoichkov.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.novinite.com/articles/78723/Levski%2C+CSKA+Score+Emphatic+Wins+Before+">"Eternal+Derby" "Levski, CSKA Score Emphatic Wins Before "Eternal Derby"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Novinite. 1 April 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">22 Julie</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Levski%2C+CSKA+Score+Emphatic+Wins+Before+%22Eternal+Derby%22&rft.pub=Novinite&rft.date=2007-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.novinite.com%2Farticles%2F78723%2FLevski%252C%2BCSKA%2BScore%2BEmphatic%2BWins%2BBefore%2B%22Eternal%2BDerby%22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFNick_Ames2014" class="citation web cs1">Nick Ames (16 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.espn.com/soccer/blog/name/93/post/2037103/headline">"Plucky Ludogorets' rise to the Champions League group stage"</a>. ESPN<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">22 Julie</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Plucky+Ludogorets%27+rise+to+the+Champions+League+group+stage&rft.pub=ESPN&rft.date=2014-09-16&rft.au=Nick+Ames&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fsoccer%2Fblog%2Fname%2F93%2Fpost%2F2037103%2Fheadline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html#/yr/2018">"Club Coefficients"</a>. <a href="/wiki/UEFA" title="UEFA">UEFA</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">22 Julie</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Club+Coefficients&rft.pub=UEFA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uefa.com%2Fmemberassociations%2Fuefarankings%2Fclub%2Findex.html%23%2Fyr%2F2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronnelys">Bronnelys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Wysig afdeling: Bronnelys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Bronnelys"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Algemeen</dt></dl> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Bulgaria">"Bulgaria"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">6 Maart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bulgaria&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FBulgaria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarye" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bulgaria/">"Bulgaria"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">6 Maart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bulgaria&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fbulgaria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarye" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarye&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons bevat media in verband met <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bulgaria" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bulgaria">Bulgarye</a></b></i>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Sien <i><b><a href="https://af.wiktionary.org/wiki/Bulgarye" class="extiw" title="wikt:Bulgarye">Bulgarye</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, die vrye woordeboek.</td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Toerisme-inligting oor <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Bulgaria">Bulgarye</a> op <a href="/wiki/Wikivoyage" title="Wikivoyage">Wikivoyage</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Essential_History_of_Bulgaria_in_Seven_Pages" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Essential History of Bulgaria in Seven Pages">Essential History of Bulgaria in Seven Pages</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guide-bulgaria.com/">Guide to Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bgimages.org/">Bulgarian Photo Album</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dichev.com/panorama/bulgaria/">Bulgaria – Panoramas & QTVR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070214020452/http://dichev.com/panorama/bulgaria/">Geargiveer</a> 14 Februarie 2007 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <table class="navbox" style="text-align: center; width:80%; font-size:95%; margin:0.5em auto"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td width="5%" style="text-align: center" rowspan="5"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Compass_rose_pale-50x50.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></span></span> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Serbia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Serwië"><img alt="Vlag van Serwië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Serwi%C3%AB" title="Serwië">Serwië</a> • <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Roemenië"><img alt="Vlag van Roemenië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Roemeni%C3%AB" title="Roemenië">Roemenië</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Roemenië"><img alt="Vlag van Roemenië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Roemeni%C3%AB" title="Roemenië">Roemenië</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Swartsee" title="Swartsee">Swartsee</a> </td> <td width="5%" style="text-align: center; padding: 0" rowspan="5"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Compass_rose_pale-50x50.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center" rowspan="3"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Serbia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Serwië"><img alt="Vlag van Serwië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Serwi%C3%AB" title="Serwië">Serwië</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/17px-North.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/26px-North.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/34px-North.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span></span> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Swartsee" title="Swartsee">Swartsee</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center" nowrap="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/17px-West.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/26px-West.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/34px-West.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span></span>   <b><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Bulgarye"><img alt="Vlag van Bulgarye" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bulgarye</a></b>    <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/17px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/26px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/34px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/17px-South.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/26px-South.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/34px-South.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Republic of Macedonia"><img alt="Flag of the Republic of Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/33px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/44px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Noord-Masedoni%C3%AB" title="Noord-Masedonië">Noord-Masedonië</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Greece.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Griekeland"><img alt="Vlag van Griekeland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Griekeland" title="Griekeland">Griekeland</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Turkye"><img alt="Vlag van Turkye" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Turkye" title="Turkye">Turkye</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lande_en_gebiede_in_Europa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Europa" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Europa"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloonbespreking:Lande_van_Europa" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Lande van Europa"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Lande_van_Europa&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lande_en_gebiede_in_Europa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lande en gebiede in <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande" title="Lys van lande">Lande</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Albani%C3%AB" title="Albanië">Albanië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> • <a href="/wiki/Armeni%C3%AB" title="Armenië">Armenië</a><sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Azerbeidjan" title="Azerbeidjan">Azerbeidjan</a><sup>1</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Belgi%C3%AB" title="België">België</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bosni%C3%AB_en_Herzegowina" title="Bosnië en Herzegowina">Bosnië en Herzegowina</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bulgarye</a> • <a href="/wiki/Denemarke" title="Denemarke">Denemarke</a> • <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Estland" title="Estland">Estland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georgi%C3%AB" title="Georgië">Georgië</a><sup>1</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Griekeland" title="Griekeland">Griekeland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hongarye" title="Hongarye">Hongarye</a> • <a href="/wiki/Republiek_Ierland" title="Republiek Ierland">Ierland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan">Kasakstan</a><sup>1</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Kroasi%C3%AB" title="Kroasië">Kroasië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Letland" title="Letland">Letland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> • <a href="/wiki/Litaue" title="Litaue">Litaue</a> • <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg" title="Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a> • <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> • <a href="/wiki/Moldowa" title="Moldowa">Moldowa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> • <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland">Nederland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Noord-Masedoni%C3%AB" title="Noord-Masedonië">Noord-Masedonië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Noorwe%C3%AB" title="Noorweë">Noorweë</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oekra%C3%AFne" title="Oekraïne">Oekraïne</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oostenryk" title="Oostenryk">Oostenryk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pole" title="Pole">Pole</a> • <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Roemeni%C3%AB" title="Roemenië">Roemenië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a><sup>1</sup> • <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a> • <a href="/wiki/Serwi%C3%AB" title="Serwië">Serwië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus">Siprus</a><sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Slowakye" title="Slowakye">Slowakye</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sloweni%C3%AB" title="Slowenië">Slowenië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje">Spanje</a> • <a href="/wiki/Swede" title="Swede">Swede</a> • <a href="/wiki/Switserland" title="Switserland">Switserland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tsjeggi%C3%AB" title="Tsjeggië">Tsjeggië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Turkye" title="Turkye">Turkye</a><sup>1</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Vatikaanstad" title="Vatikaanstad">Vatikaanstad</a> • <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Verenigde Koninkryk">Verenigde Koninkryk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ysland" title="Ysland">Ysland</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Europe_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_omstrede_gebiede" title="Lys van omstrede gebiede">Omstrede gebiede</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Abchasi%C3%AB" title="Abchasië">Abchasië</a><sup>1</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Republiek_Artsach" title="Republiek Artsach">Artsach</a><sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_Donetsk" title="Volksrepubliek Donetsk">Donetsk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_Loehansk" title="Volksrepubliek Loehansk">Loehansk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Turkse_Republiek_van_Noord-Siprus" title="Turkse Republiek van Noord-Siprus">Noord-Siprus</a><sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Suid-Osseti%C3%AB" title="Suid-Ossetië">Suid-Ossetië</a><sup>1</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Transnistri%C3%AB" title="Transnistrië">Transnistrië</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_afhanklike_gebiede" title="Lys van afhanklike gebiede">Afhanklike gebiede</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Koninkryk_van_Denemarke" title="Koninkryk van Denemarke">Koninkryk van Denemarke</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Faro%C3%ABreilande" title="Faroëreilande">Faroëreilande</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Noorwe%C3%AB" title="Noorweë">Noorweë</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Mayen" title="Jan Mayen">Jan Mayen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Asore" title="Asore">Asore</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Verenigde Koninkryk">Verenigde Koninkryk</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_en_Dhekeli%C3%AB" title="Akrotiri en Dhekelië">Akrotiri en Dhekelië</a><sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a><sup>3</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a><sup>3</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Man_(eiland)" title="Man (eiland)">Man</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lande van</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Afrika" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Afrika">Afrika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Asi%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Asië">Asië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Noord-Amerika" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Noord-Amerika">Noord-Amerika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Oseani%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Oseanië">Oseanië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Suid-Amerika" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Suid-Amerika">Suid-Amerika</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><small>1. Land <a href="/wiki/Transkontinentale_land" title="Transkontinentale land">deels</a> in <a href="/wiki/Asi%C3%AB" title="Asië">Asië</a>. 2. Geografies in <a href="/wiki/Asi%C3%AB" title="Asië">Asië</a>, maar gereeld beskou as deel van <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> a.g.v. kulturele en historiese oorwegings. 3. Aangedui as die <a href="/wiki/Kanaaleilande" title="Kanaaleilande">Kanaaleilande</a>.</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23px_Europese_Unie_(EU)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:EU-lande" title="Sjabloon:EU-lande"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloonbespreking:EU-lande" title="Sjabloonbespreking:EU-lande"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:EU-lande&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23px_Europese_Unie_(EU)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/46px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Europese_Unie" title="Europese Unie">Europese Unie</a> (EU)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgi%C3%AB" title="België">België</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bulgarye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denemarke" title="Denemarke">Denemarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estland" title="Estland">Estland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griekeland" title="Griekeland">Griekeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongarye" title="Hongarye">Hongarye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republiek_van_Ierland" class="mw-redirect" title="Republiek van Ierland">Ierland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kroasi%C3%AB" title="Kroasië">Kroasië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letland" title="Letland">Letland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litaue" title="Litaue">Litaue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxemburg" title="Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland">Nederland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oostenryk" title="Oostenryk">Oostenryk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pole" title="Pole">Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roemeni%C3%AB" title="Roemenië">Roemenië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus">Siprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slowakye" title="Slowakye">Slowakye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloweni%C3%AB" title="Slowenië">Slowenië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje">Spanje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swede" title="Swede">Swede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsjeggi%C3%AB" title="Tsjeggië">Tsjeggië</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23px_Noord-Atlantiese_Verdragsorganisasie_(NAVO)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:NAVO-lande" title="Sjabloon:NAVO-lande"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloonbespreking:NAVO-lande" title="Sjabloonbespreking:NAVO-lande"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:NAVO-lande&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23px_Noord-Atlantiese_Verdragsorganisasie_(NAVO)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_NATO.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/23px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/35px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/46px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/NAVO" title="NAVO">Noord-Atlantiese Verdragsorganisasie</a> (NAVO)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albani%C3%AB" title="Albanië">Albanië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgi%C3%AB" title="België">België</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bulgarye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denemarke" title="Denemarke">Denemarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estland" title="Estland">Estland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griekeland" title="Griekeland">Griekeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongarye" title="Hongarye">Hongarye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kroasi%C3%AB" title="Kroasië">Kroasië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letland" title="Letland">Letland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litaue" title="Litaue">Litaue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxemburg" title="Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland">Nederland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noord-Masedoni%C3%AB" title="Noord-Masedonië">Noord-Masedonië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noorwe%C3%AB" title="Noorweë">Noorweë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pole" title="Pole">Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roemeni%C3%AB" title="Roemenië">Roemenië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slowakye" title="Slowakye">Slowakye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloweni%C3%AB" title="Slowenië">Slowenië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje">Spanje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swede" title="Swede">Swede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsjeggi%C3%AB" title="Tsjeggië">Tsjeggië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkye" title="Turkye">Turkye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Verenigde Koninkryk">Verenigde Koninkryk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Verenigde State van Amerika">Verenigde State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ysland" title="Ysland">Ysland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bibsys" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibsys">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90661486">90661486</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451182">XX451182</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118661130">cb118661130</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118661130">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA12139121?l=en">DA12139121</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4008866-2">4008866-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003350">003350</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span 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href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/114c14ad-9776-34e9-81b0-6299507f3771">114c14ad-9776-34e9-81b0-6299507f3771</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045352">10045352</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00561080">00561080</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge128857&CON_LNG=ENG">ge128857</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Australia">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35734063">35734063</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Greece">NLG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/Authority/Record?id=au.2562">2562</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Israel">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000984039&local_base=nlx10">000984039</a></span></span></li> <li><span 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