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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">List of significant events in the history of England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_English_monarchs" title="List of English monarchs">List of English monarchs</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">List of British monarchs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/English_monarchs_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="English monarchs family tree">English monarchs family tree</a></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p>This is a <b>timeline of English history</b>, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see <a href="/wiki/History_of_England" title="History of England">History of England</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Dynamic_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">dynamic list</a> and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Timeline_of_English_history" title="Special:EditPage/Timeline of English history">adding missing items</a> with <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable sources</a>.</div> <div class="toc"> <b>Prehistory:</b> <a href="#Mesolithic_and_Neolithic_periods">Mesolithic/Neolithic periods</a> • <a href="#Bronze_and_Iron_Ages">Bronze/Iron Ages</a><br /><b>Centuries:</b> <a href="#1st_century">1st</a> • <a href="#2nd_century">2nd</a> • <a href="#3rd_century">3rd</a> • <a href="#4th_century">4th</a> • <a href="#5th_century">5th</a> • <a href="#6th_century">6th</a> • <a href="#7th_century">7th</a> • <a href="#8th_century">8th</a> • <a href="#9th_century">9th</a> • <a href="#10th_century">10th</a> • <a href="#11th_century">11th</a> • <a href="#12th_century">12th</a> • <a href="#13th_century">13th</a> • <a href="#14th_century">14th</a> • <a href="#15th_century">15th</a> • <a href="#16th_century">16th</a> • <a href="#17th_century">17th</a> • <a href="#18th_century">18th</a> • <a href="#19th_century">19th</a> • <a href="#20th_century">20th</a> • <a href="#21st_century">21st</a><br /><a href="#References">References</a> • <a href="#Sources">Sources</a></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1st_century_BC">1st century BC</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_English_history&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: 1st century BC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td>55 BC</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman</a> <a href="/wiki/Roman_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman General">General</a> <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> invades <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> for the first time, gaining a <a href="/wiki/Beachhead" title="Beachhead">beachhead</a> on the coast of <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JCaesar_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JCaesar-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>54 BC</td> <td></td> <td>Caesar invades for the second time, gaining a third of the country. These two invasions are known as <a href="/wiki/Caesar%27s_invasions_of_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesar's invasions of Britain">Caesar's invasions of Britain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JCaesar_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JCaesar-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span class="anchor" id="1st_millennium"></span> </p> <div class="toc"> <b>Centuries in 1st millennium</b>: <a href="#1st_century">1st</a> <b>·</b> <a href="#2nd_century">2nd</a> <b>·</b> <a href="#3rd_century">3rd</a> <b>·</b> <a href="#4th_century">4th</a> <b>·</b> <a href="#5th_century">5th</a> <b>·</b> <a href="#6th_century">6th</a> <b>·</b> <a href="#7th_century">7th</a> <b>·</b> <a href="#8th_century">8th</a> <b>·</b> <a href="#9th_century">9th</a> <b>·</b> <a href="#10th_century">10th</a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1st_century">1st century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_English_history&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td>c.10–c.40</td> <td></td> <td>Reign of <a href="/wiki/Cunobelinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cunobelinus">Cunobelinus</a>, an influential king of southern England before the Roman occupation; son of Tasciovanus<sup id="cite_ref-ODNBCuno_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNBCuno-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>43</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aulus_Plautius" title="Aulus Plautius">Aulus Plautius</a> leads an army of forty thousand to invade <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Birley-39_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Birley-39-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Claudius" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Claudius">Emperor Claudius</a> makes <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Britain</a> a part of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>C. 47 – 50 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> settled by the Romans, known as <a href="/wiki/Londinium" title="Londinium">Londinium</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2nd_century">2nd century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_English_history&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 2nd century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td>122 – 128</td> <td></td> <td>Emperor <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a> orders a 73-mile (117 km) wall to mark the Northern Roman Empire's province on the British Isle. <a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Hadrian's Wall">Hadrian's Wall</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as it comes to be known, is intended to keep the <a href="/wiki/Caledonians" title="Caledonians">Caledonians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Picts" title="Picts">Picts</a>, and other tribes at bay. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="3rd_century">3rd century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_English_history&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 3rd century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td>c. 213 </td> <td> </td> <td>Britain becomes divided into two provinces called <a href="/wiki/Britannia_Inferior" title="Britannia Inferior">Britannia Inferior</a> and <a href="/wiki/Britannia_Superior" title="Britannia Superior">Britannia Superior</a>. This was likely due to the Roman emperor at the time, <a href="/wiki/Caracalla" title="Caracalla">Caracalla</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>286 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carausius" title="Carausius">Marcus Aurelius Mausaeus Carausius</a>, a Roman military commander at the time, usurps power during the <a href="/wiki/Carausian_revolt" title="Carausian revolt">Carausian Revolt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="4th_century">4th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_English_history&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 4th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td>367 </td> <td> </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Great_Conspiracy" title="Great Conspiracy">Great Conspiracy</a> begins, starting a year-long period of disorder and war in Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="5th_century">5th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_English_history&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 5th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td>401 </td> <td> </td> <td>Romans begin their withdrawal from Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_Companion_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_Companion-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 129–131">: 129–131 </span></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>449 </td> <td> </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Angles_(tribe)" title="Angles (tribe)">Angles</a> begin their invasion of England and establish tribal kingdoms on the east coast.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="6th_century">6th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_English_history&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 6th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td>597 </td> <td> </td> <td>Christianisation of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kent" title="Kingdom of Kent">Kingdom of Kent</a> and its leader <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelberht_of_Kent" title="Æthelberht of Kent">King Æthelberht</a> by <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Saint Augustine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bede_74_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bede_74-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="7th_century">7th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_English_history&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 7th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td>616</td> <td>24 February</td> <td>King <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelberht_of_Kent" title="Æthelberht of Kent">Æthelberht of Kent</a> dies and is then succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Eadbald_of_Kent" title="Eadbald of Kent">Eadbald</a> of Kent.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="8th_century">8th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_English_history&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 8th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td>740-756 </td> <td> </td> <td>Reign of <a href="/wiki/Cuthred_of_Wessex" title="Cuthred of Wessex">Cuthred, King of Wessex.</a><sup id="cite_ref-Stenton204_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stenton204-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>757 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Offa_of_Mercia" title="Offa of Mercia">Offa</a> becomes King of Mercia.<sup id="cite_ref-Kirby_163_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirby_163-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>793 </td> <td>8 June </td> <td>Viking raid on a monastery in <a href="/wiki/Lindisfarne" title="Lindisfarne">Lindisfarne</a>, often taken as the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking age</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>796 </td> <td>29 July </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Offa_of_Mercia" title="Offa of Mercia">Offa of Mercia</a> dies.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="9th_century">9th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_English_history&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 9th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td>802 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ecgberht,_King_of_Wessex" title="Ecgberht, King of Wessex">Ecgberht of Wessex</a> is enthroned. </td></tr> <tr> <td>849 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alfred_the_Great" title="Alfred the Great">Alfred the Great</a>, the future king of Wessex (r. 871-899), is born to parents <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwulf,_King_of_Wessex" title="Æthelwulf, King of Wessex">Aethelwulf of Wessex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Osburh" title="Osburh">Osburh</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>865 </td> <td> </td> <td>Arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Heathen_Army" title="Great Heathen Army">Great Heathen Army</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>871 </td> <td>April </td> <td>Alfred the Great succeeds his brother <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelred_I_of_Wessex" title="Æthelred I of Wessex">Æthelred</a> as King of the West Saxons. </td></tr> <tr> <td>874 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Elder" title="Edward the Elder">Edward the Elder</a>, the future king of England (r. 899-924), is born to parents Alfred the Great and Ealhswith. </td></tr> <tr> <td>894 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelstan" title="Æthelstan">Æthelstan the Glorious</a>, the future king of England (r. 927-939), is born to parents Edward the Elder and Ecgwynn. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="10th_century">10th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_English_history&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 10th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td>921 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edmund_I" title="Edmund I">Edmund the Magnificent</a>, the future king of England (r. 939-946), is born to parents Edward the Elder and Eadgifu of Kent. </td></tr> <tr> <td>923 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eadred" title="Eadred">Eadred</a>, the future king of England (r. 946-955), is born to parents Edward the Elder and Eadgifu of Kent. </td></tr> <tr> <td>924 AD </td> <td> </td> <td>Æthelstan becomes king of England </td></tr> <tr> <td>940 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eadwig" title="Eadwig">Eadwig All-Fair</a>, the future king of England (r. 955-959), is born to parents Edmund I and Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury. </td></tr> <tr> <td>943 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edgar,_King_of_England" title="Edgar, King of England">Edgar the Peaceful</a>, the future king of England (r. 959-975), is born to parents Edmund I and Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury. </td></tr> <tr> <td>962 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Martyr" title="Edward the Martyr">Edward the Martyr</a>, the future king of England (r. 975-978) is born to parents Edgar the Peaceful and Æthelflæd. </td></tr> <tr> <td>963 </td> <td>17 April </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sweyn_Forkbeard" title="Sweyn Forkbeard">Sweyn Forkbeard</a>, the future king of England (r. 1013-1014), is born in Denmark to parents <a href="/wiki/Harald_Bluetooth" title="Harald Bluetooth">Harald Bluetooth</a> and either Tove or Gunhild. </td></tr> <tr> <td>966 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelred_the_Unready" title="Æthelred the Unready">Æthelred the Unready</a>, the future king of England (r. 978~1013), is born to parents Edgar the Peaceful and Ælfthryth. </td></tr> <tr> <td>990 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Ironside" title="Edmund Ironside">Edmund Ironside</a>, the future king of England (r. 1016-1016), is born to parents Æthelred and Ælfgifu of York. </td></tr> <tr> <td>995 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cnut" title="Cnut">Cnut the Great</a>, the future king of England (r.1016-1035), is born to parents Sweyn Forkbeard and Gunhilda of Poland. </td></tr> <tr> <td>992 AD</td> <td></td> <td>Earl <a href="/wiki/Byrhtnoth" title="Byrhtnoth">Byrhtnoth</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Thegn" title="Thegn">thegns</a> led the <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a> against a <a href="/wiki/Viking" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking">Viking</a> invasion in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maldon" title="Battle of Maldon">Battle of Maldon</a> in Essex. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="11th_century">11th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_English_history&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 11th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td>1003 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a>, the future king of England (r. 1042-1066), is born to parents Æthelred the Unready and Emma of Normandy. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1016 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harold_Harefoot" title="Harold Harefoot">Harold Harefoot</a>, the future king of England (r.1035-1040), is born to parents Cnut the Great and Ælfgifu of Northhampton. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1016</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cnut_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Cnut the Great">Cnut the Great</a> of Denmark becomes king of all England<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1018 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harthacnut" title="Harthacnut">Harthacnut</a>, the future king of England, (r. 1040-1042), is born to parents Cnut the Great and Emma of Normandy. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1022 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harold_Godwinson" title="Harold Godwinson">Harold II</a>, the future king of England (r. 1066-1066), is born to parents Godwin of Wessex and Gytha Thorkelsdóttir. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1028 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" title="William the Conqueror">William the Conqueror</a>, the future king of England (r.1066-1087), is born to parents Robert the Magnificent and Herleva. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1043</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a> becomes king of all England<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1055</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Schism" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Schism">The Great Schism</a>; culmination of theological and political differences between Eastern and Western Christianity<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1056 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_II_of_England" title="William II of England">William II</a>, the future king of England (r. 1087-1100), is born to parents William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1066 </td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fulford" title="Battle of Fulford">Battle of Fulford</a></i>: English forces were defeated by Norse invaders in northeastern England. </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stamford_Bridge" title="Battle of Stamford Bridge">Battle of Stamford Bridge</a></i>: the remaining Norse under <a href="/wiki/Harald_Hardrada" title="Harald Hardrada">Harald Hardrada</a> defeated by the bulk of England's army under the command of its king </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hastings" title="Battle of Hastings">Battle of Hastings</a></i>: England's remaining forces defeated by invaders from <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>, known as the <a href="/wiki/Norman_Conquest" title="Norman Conquest">Norman Conquest</a>; <a href="/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" title="William the Conqueror">William the Conqueror</a> crowned king of England </td></tr> <tr> <td>1068 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I</a>, the future king of England (r.1100-1135), is born to parents William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1086</td> <td></td> <td>Work commenced on the <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1096 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stephen,_King_of_England" title="Stephen, King of England">Stephen of Blois</a>, the future king of England (r. 1135-1154), is born to parents Stephen, Count of Blois, and Adela of Normandy. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="12th_century">12th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_English_history&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 12th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td>1133 </td> <td>5 March </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II</a>, the future king of England (r. 1154-1189), is born in Le Mans, France, to parents Geoffrey V of Anjou and Matilda. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1135</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Anarchy" title="The Anarchy">The Anarchy</a> began, a civil war resulting from a dispute over succession to the throne that lasted until 1153. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1138</td> <td></td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Standard" title="Battle of the Standard">Battle of the Standard</a>, an engagement in which the English defeated an invading Scottish army led by King David I.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1157 </td> <td>8 September </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Richard the Lionheart</a>, the future king of England (r. 1189-1199), is born to parents Henry II and Elanor of Aquitaine. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1164</td> <td></td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Constitutions_of_Clarendon" title="Constitutions of Clarendon">Constitutions of Clarendon</a>, a set of laws which governed the trial of members of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> in England, were issued. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1166 </td> <td>24 December </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_England" title="John, King of England">John Lackland</a>, the future king of England (r. 1199-1216), is born to parents Henry II and Elanor of Aquitaine. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1170</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop</a> of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Canterbury" title="Diocese of Canterbury">Canterbury</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a> was assassinated. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1192</td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></i>: King <a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Richard I</a> was captured by <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Austria" title="Duchy of Austria">Austrian</a> Duke <a href="/wiki/Leopold_V,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold V, Duke of Austria">Leopold V, Duke of Austria</a> while returning from the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1194</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Richard</a> was ransomed and returned to England. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="13th_century">13th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_English_history&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 13th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td>1207 </td> <td>1 October </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry III</a>, the future king of England (r. 1216-1272), is born to John and Isabella of Angoulême. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1209</td> <td></td> <td>King <a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_England" title="John, King of England">John</a> was excommunicated from the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_III" title="Pope Innocent III">Innocent III</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1214 </td> <td> </td> <td>The English defeated in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bouvines" title="Battle of Bouvines">Battle of Bouvinnes</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1215</td> <td></td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta" title="Magna Carta">Magna Carta</a> was signed. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1237</td> <td></td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_York" title="Treaty of York">Treaty of York</a> was signed, fixing the border between <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a> and England. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1239 </td> <td>17 June </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Edward I</a>, the future king of England (r. 1272-1307), is born to Henry III and Elanor of Provence. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1264</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lewes" title="Battle of Lewes">Battle of Lewes</a>: Rebel English barons led by <a href="/wiki/Simon_de_Montfort,_6th_Earl_of_Leicester" title="Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester">Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester</a> defeated King <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry III</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1267</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry</a> recognised the authority of <a href="/wiki/Llywelyn_ap_Gruffudd" title="Llywelyn ap Gruffudd">Llywelyn ap Gruffudd</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gwynedd" title="Kingdom of Gwynedd">Gwynedd</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1277</td> <td></td> <td>England annexed <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gwynedd" title="Kingdom of Gwynedd">Gwynedd</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1279</td> <td></td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Mortmain" class="mw-redirect" title="Statute of Mortmain">Statute of Mortmain</a> was issued. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1284 </td> <td>25 April </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_II_of_England" title="Edward II of England">Edward II</a>, the future king of England (r. 1307-1327), is born to Edward I and Elanor of Castile. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1287</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhys_ap_Maredudd" title="Rhys ap Maredudd">Rhys ap Maredudd</a> led a revolt against English rule in Wales. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1294</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Madog_ap_Llywelyn" title="Madog ap Llywelyn">Madog ap Llywelyn</a> led a revolt against English rule in Wales. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1297</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stirling_Bridge" title="Battle of Stirling Bridge">Battle of Stirling Bridge</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scots</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/William_Wallace" title="William Wallace">William Wallace</a>, defeated the English. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="14th_century">14th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_English_history&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 14th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td>1305</td> <td>23 August</td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Wallace" title="William Wallace">William Wallace</a> was executed by the English on a charge of treason. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1312 </td> <td>13 November </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III</a>, the future king of England (r. 1327-1377), is born to Edward II and Isabella of France. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1314</td> <td>23 – 24 June</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bannockburn" title="Battle of Bannockburn">Battle of Bannockburn</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a> won a decisive victory over England. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1328</td> <td>1 May</td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Edinburgh%E2%80%93Northampton" title="Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton">Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton</a>, under which England recognised <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scottish</a> independence, was signed. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1348</td> <td></td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a> arrived in England. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1356</td> <td>19 September</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Poitiers" title="Battle of Poitiers">Battle of Poitiers</a>: Second of the three major battles of the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a> took place near Poitiers, France. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1367 </td> <td>6 January </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_II_of_England" title="Richard II of England">Richard II</a>, the future king of England (r. 1377-1399), is born to parents Edward the Black Prince and Joan of Kent. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1367 </td> <td>April </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_England" title="Henry IV of England">Henry IV</a>, the future king of England (r. 1399-1413), is born to parents John of Gaunt and Blanche of Lancaster. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1373</td> <td>16 June</td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Portuguese_Treaty_of_1373" title="Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1373">Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1373</a> is signed, forming an alliance between England and <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>; it remains an active treaty, most recently invoked in the <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a> (see 1982)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1381</td> <td>May – June</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peasants%27_Revolt" title="Peasants' Revolt">Peasants' Revolt</a>: Also called Wat Tyler's Rebellion or the Great Rising, was a major uprising across large parts of England led by <a href="/wiki/Wat_Tyler" title="Wat Tyler">Wat Tyler</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1386 </td> <td>16 September </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_V_of_England" title="Henry V of England">Henry V</a>, the future king of England (r. 1413-1422), is born to parents Henry IV and Mary de Bohun. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1395</td> <td></td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Praemunire" title="Statute of Praemunire">Statute of Praemunire</a> was issued. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="15th_century">15th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_English_history&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 15th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td>1403</td> <td>21 July</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shrewsbury" title="Battle of Shrewsbury">Battle of Shrewsbury</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Medieval_warfare" title="Medieval warfare">battle</a> waged between an army led by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">Lancastrian</a> King, <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_England" title="Henry IV of England">Henry IV</a>, and a rebel army led by <a href="/wiki/Henry_%27Hotspur%27_Percy" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry 'Hotspur' Percy">Henry "Harry Hotspur" Percy</a> from <a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EH_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EH-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1415</td> <td>25 October</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Agincourt" title="Battle of Agincourt">Battle of Agincourt</a> was a major English victory in the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_anone"><a href="#endnote_anone">[a]</a></sup>that occurred on <a href="/wiki/Saint_Crispin%27s_Day" title="Saint Crispin's Day">Saint Crispin's Day</a>, near modern-day <a href="/wiki/Azincourt" title="Azincourt">Azincourt</a>, in northern France. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1421 </td> <td>6 December </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI</a>, the future king of England (r. 1422~1471), is born to parents Henry V and Catherine of Valois. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1442 </td> <td>28 April </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward IV of England">Edward IV</a>, the future king of England (r. 1461~1470), is born to parents Richard of York and Cecily Neville. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1452 </td> <td>2 October </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" title="Richard III of England">Richard III</a>, the future king of England (r. 1483-1485), is born to parents Richard of York and Cecily Neville. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1455</td> <td>22 May</td> <td>The start of the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses">Wars of the Roses</a> a <a href="/wiki/Civil_war" title="Civil war">civil war</a> for control of the throne of England between the <a href="/wiki/House_of_York" title="House of York">House of York</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">House of Lancaster</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1457 </td> <td>28 January </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry VII</a>, the future king of England (r. 1385-1509), is born to parents Edmund Tudor and Margaret Beaufort. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1485</td> <td>22 August</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bosworth_Field" title="Battle of Bosworth Field">Battle of Bosworth Field</a> (Battle of Bosworth): the last significant battle of the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses">Wars of the Roses</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Civil_war" title="Civil war">civil war</a> between the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">Houses of Lancaster</a> and <a href="/wiki/House_of_York" title="House of York">York</a>. <a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" title="Richard III of England">Richard III</a>, the last <a href="/wiki/Plantagenet" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantagenet">Plantagenet</a> king was killed, succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry VII</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1487</td> <td>16 June</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stoke" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Stoke">Battle of Stoke</a> was the decisive engagement in an attempt by leading Yorkists to unseat <a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry VII of England</a> in favour of the pretender <a href="/wiki/Lambert_Simnel" title="Lambert Simnel">Lambert Simnel</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1470 </td> <td>2 November </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_V_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward V of England">Edward V</a>, the future king of England (r. 1483-1483), is born to parents Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1491 </td> <td>28 June </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a>, the future king of England (r. 1509-1547), is born to parents Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="16th_century">16th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_English_history&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 16th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td>1513</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Flodden_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Flodden Field">Battle of Flodden Field</a>: Invading England, King <a href="/wiki/James_IV_of_Scotland" title="James IV of Scotland">James IV of Scotland</a> and thousands of other <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scots</a> were killed in a defeat at the hands of the English. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1516 </td> <td>18 February </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mary_I_of_England" title="Mary I of England">Mary I</a>, the future queen of England (r. 1553-1558), is born to parents Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1521</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a> writings begin to circulate in England. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1527 </td> <td>21 May </td> <td>Phillip II, the future king of England (r. 1554-1558), is born to parents Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire and Isabella of Portugal. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1526</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a> <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">Cardinal</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wolsey" title="Thomas Wolsey">Thomas Wolsey</a> ordered the burning of <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a> books. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top">1533</td> <td></td> <td>King <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII</a> severs ties with the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> and declared himself head of the church in England. </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 September</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I</a>, the future queen of England (r. 1558-1603), is born to parents Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top">1534</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII</a> issued the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Supremacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Supremacy">Act of Supremacy</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII</a> issued the <a href="/wiki/Treasons_Act_1534" title="Treasons Act 1534">Treasons Act 1534</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1535</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">Cardinal</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Fisher" title="John Fisher">John Fisher</a> were executed. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top">1536</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Tyndale" title="William Tyndale">William Tyndale</a> was executed in <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII</a> issued the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Monasteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolution of the Monasteries">Dissolution of the Monasteries</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1537 </td> <td>12 October </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_VI" title="Edward VI">Edward VI</a>, the future king of England (r. 1547-1553), is born to parents Henry VIII and Jane Seymour. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1549</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prayer_Book_Rebellion" title="Prayer Book Rebellion">Prayer Book Rebellion</a>: A rebellion occurred in the southwest. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1550</td> <td></td> <td>England and France sign the <a href="/wiki/Rough_Wooing#Treaty_of_Boulogne" title="Rough Wooing">Peace of Boulogne</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1553</td> <td></td> <td>The Act Against Sectaries 1553 was issued. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1558</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Elizabeth I</a> claims the throne of England and rules until 1603. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1559</td> <td></td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Supremacy_1559" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Supremacy 1559">Act of Supremacy 1559</a> was issued. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1566 </td> <td>19 June </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James I</a>, the future king of England (r. 1603-1625), is born to parents Henry Stuart and Mary I. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top">1571</td> <td></td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Treasons_Act_1571" title="Treasons Act 1571">Treasons Act 1571</a> was issued. </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>The Act Prohibiting Papal Bulls from Rome 1571 was issued. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1585</td> <td></td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Roanoke_Colony" title="Roanoke Colony">Roanoke</a> Colony was founded in America. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1588</td> <td>8 August</td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada" title="Spanish Armada">Spanish Armada</a> was destroyed. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1589</td> <td></td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/English_Armada" title="English Armada">English Armada</a> (<i>or Counter Armada</i>) was defeated by <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1593</td> <td></td> <td>The Act Against Papists 1593 was issued. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="17th_century">17th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_English_history&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 17th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td>1600 </td> <td>19 November </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a>, the future king of England (r. 1625-1649), is born to parents James I and Anne of Denmark. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1601 </td> <td></td> <td>Catholic plot against the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Essex" title="Earl of Essex">Earl of Essex</a> includes some of the plotters from the <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_plot" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunpowder plot">gunpowder plot</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1603 </td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/King_James_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="King James VI">King James VI</a> of Scotland ascends to the English throne, becoming James I of England and uniting the crowns – but not the parliaments – of the two kingdoms. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1605</td> <td>5 November</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_Plot" title="Gunpowder Plot">Gunpowder Plot</a>: A plot in which <a href="/wiki/Guy_Fawkes" title="Guy Fawkes">Guy Fawkes</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholic</a> associates conspired to blow up King <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James VI and I</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliament of England</a> was uncovered. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1607 </td> <td>14 May </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia" title="Jamestown, Virginia">Jamestown</a> was founded in the Virginia Colony and was the first permanent English colony in America. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1611</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson">Henry Hudson</a> died. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1618</td> <td>29 October</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Walter_Raleigh" title="Walter Raleigh">Walter Raleigh</a> was executed. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1630 </td> <td>29 May </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a>, the future king of England (r. 1660-1685) is born to parents Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1633 </td> <td>14 October </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James II</a>, the future king of England (r. 1685-1688) is born to parents Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1639</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bishops%27_Wars" title="Bishops' Wars">Bishops' Wars</a>: A war with <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a> began which would last until 1640. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1640</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Long_Parliament" title="Long Parliament">Long Parliament</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliament</a> was convened. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1642</td> <td></td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a> began (see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_English_Civil_War" title="Timeline of the English Civil War">timeline of the English Civil War</a>). </td></tr> <tr> <td>1649</td> <td>January</td> <td><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice_for_the_trial_of_Charles_I" class="mw-redirect" title="High Court of Justice for the trial of Charles I">Trial and execution of Charles I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1649</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Interregnum_(England)" title="Interregnum (England)">Interregnum</a> began with the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England">First Commonwealth</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1650 </td> <td>4 November </td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William III</a>, the future king of England (r. 1689-1702), is born to parents William II of Orange and Mary of England. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1653–1659</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Protectorate" title="The Protectorate">the Protectorate</a> under the Lord Protector <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> and later (1658) his son <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cromwell" title="Richard Cromwell">Richard Cromwell</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1659</td> <td></td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Second_English_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="Second English Commonwealth">Second Commonwealth</a> brings with it a period of great political instability. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1660</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Restoration_(England)" class="mw-redirect" title="Restoration (England)">Restoration</a> of the monarchy: After a chaotic short revival of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(1659%E2%80%931660)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth (1659–1660)">Commonwealth of England</a>, the monarchy was restored in May 1660, after agreeing to the <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Breda" title="Declaration of Breda">Declaration of Breda</a>, largely through the initiative of General <a href="/wiki/George_Monck" class="mw-redirect" title="George Monck">George Monck</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1662 </td> <td>30 April </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mary_II_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary II of England">Mary II</a>, the future queen of England (r. 1689-1694), is born to parents James II and Anne Hyde. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1665 </td> <td>6 February </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britain" title="Anne, Queen of Great Britain">Anne</a>, the future queen of England (r. 1702-1707), is born to parents James II and Anne Hyde. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1666</td> <td>2 – 5 September</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_London" title="Great Fire of London">Great Fire of London</a> : A major <a href="/wiki/Conflagration" title="Conflagration">conflagration</a> that swept through the central parts of <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1688</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution" title="Glorious Revolution">Glorious Revolution</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-Celtic-names_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Celtic-names-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James II</a> by a union of English <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">Parliamentarians</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch</a> <a href="/wiki/Stadtholder" title="Stadtholder">stadtholder</a> <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William III</a> of <a href="/wiki/House_of_Orange-Nassau" title="House of Orange-Nassau">Orange-Nassau</a> (William of Orange). </td></tr> <tr> <td>1694 </td> <td>27 July </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a> is founded. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="18th_century">18th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_English_history&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: 18th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td>1701</td> <td></td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Settlement_1701" title="Act of Settlement 1701">Act of Settlement 1701</a>, which required the English monarch to be <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a>, was passed. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1702</td> <td>8 March</td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William III</a> died and was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britain" title="Anne, Queen of Great Britain">Anne</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top">1704</td> <td>4 August</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> was captured by a combined <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch</a> and English fleet under the command of <a href="/wiki/Admiral_of_the_Fleet_(Royal_Navy)" title="Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)">Admiral of the Fleet</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Rooke" title="George Rooke">George Rooke</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 August</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blenheim" title="Battle of Blenheim">Battle of Blenheim</a></i>: A combined English and <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch</a> army under the command of <a href="/wiki/John_Churchill,_1st_Duke_of_Marlborough" title="John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough">John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough</a> defeated the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">French</a> army in <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Bavaria" title="Electorate of Bavaria">Bavaria</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1706</td> <td>22 July</td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Union" title="Treaty of Union">Treaty of Union</a> was agreed between representatives of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliament of England</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Scotland" title="Parliament of Scotland">Parliament of Scotland</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1707</td> <td></td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Acts of Union 1707</a> were passed in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliament of England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Scotland" title="Parliament of Scotland">Parliament of Scotland</a>, ratifying the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Union" title="Treaty of Union">Treaty of Union</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1716</td> <td></td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Old_Dock" title="Old Dock">Old Dock</a>, originally known as Thomas Steers' dock, was the world's first commercial <a href="/wiki/Floating_dock_(impounded)" title="Floating dock (impounded)">wet dock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Trading_Places:_Old_Dock_History_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trading_Places:_Old_Dock_History-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1744</td> <td></td> <td>An attempted <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">French</a> invasion of southern England was stopped by storms. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1756</td> <td></td> <td>Following the start of the <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> 2 years prior, the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a> begins.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1763 </td> <td>10 Feb </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">Treaty of Paris (1763)</a> is signed, formally ending the Seven Years' War. France renounces a large portion of North American land to Great Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1765</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Blackstone" title="William Blackstone">William Blackstone</a> published his first volume of <i><a href="/wiki/Commentaries_on_the_Laws_of_England" title="Commentaries on the Laws of England">Commentaries on the Laws of England</a></i>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1775</td> <td>19 April</td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">War of American Independence</a> officially starts with the <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lexington_and_Concord" title="Battles of Lexington and Concord">Battles of Lexington and Concord</a>. Lasts until 1789. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1790s</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canal_Mania" title="Canal Mania">Canal Mania</a>, an intense period of canal building in England and Wales. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1797</td> <td>22–25 July</td> <td>Admiral <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Nelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Horatio Nelson">Horatio Nelson</a> suffer his worst defeat in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife_(1797)" title="Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (1797)">Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (1797)</a> and loses most of his right arm from a musket ball whilst fighting against canarian militias.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="19th_century">19th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_English_history&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td>1805</td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trafalgar" title="Battle of Trafalgar">Battle of Trafalgar</a>: <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Nelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Horatio Nelson">Horatio Nelson</a> defeats the French at Trafalgar, establishing British naval supremacy over the world's oceans for approximately 140 years. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1819</td> <td>16 August </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peterloo_Massacre" title="Peterloo Massacre">Peterloo Massacre</a>: about 18 people killed and several hundred injured in Manchester when a large cavalry charge demonstration demanding parliamentary representation reform broke out.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1830</td> <td>15 September </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway" title="Liverpool and Manchester Railway">Liverpool and Manchester Railway</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<b>L&MR</b>) was the first inter-city railway in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It <a href="/wiki/Opening_of_the_Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway" title="Opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway">opened on 15 September 1830</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> towns of <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> in England. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1837</td> <td>20 June</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> becomes queen of England, she will reign until January 22, 1901. The <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a> starts. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1859</td> <td>24 November </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species">On the Origin of Species</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> is published<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1863</td> <td>10 January </td> <td>The first <a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground">underground</a> train goes into operation in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1878 </td> <td> </td> <td>Women first admitted to the Universities of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lannon_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lannon-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Stockton_and_Darlington_Railway" title="Stockton and Darlington Railway">Stockton and Darlington Railway</a> opened in 1825, but sections of this line employed <a href="/wiki/Cable_railway" title="Cable railway">cable haulage</a>, and only the coal trains were hauled by locomotives. The <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_and_Whitstable_Railway" title="Canterbury and Whitstable Railway">Canterbury and Whitstable Railway</a>, opened in May 1830, was also mostly cable hauled. <a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">Horse</a>-drawn traffic, including passenger services, used the railway upon payment of a toll.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="20th_century">20th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_English_history&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td>1912 </td> <td>August</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harry_Brearley" title="Harry Brearley">Harry Brearley</a> invents <a href="/wiki/Stainless_Steel" class="mw-redirect" title="Stainless Steel">Stainless Steel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a><sup id="cite_ref-NYT_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1914 </td> <td>28 July </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_War_1" class="mw-redirect" title="World War 1">World War 1</a> begins </td></tr> <tr> <td>1918 </td> <td>11 November </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_War_1" class="mw-redirect" title="World War 1">World War 1</a> ends </td></tr> <tr> <td>1939 </td> <td>3 September </td> <td>Britain declares war on <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> and enters <a href="/wiki/World_War_2" class="mw-redirect" title="World War 2">World War 2</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1945 </td> <td>8 May </td> <td>Germany surrenders and <a href="/wiki/World_War_2" class="mw-redirect" title="World War 2">World War 2</a> ends in Europe </td></tr> <tr> <td>1948 </td> <td>5 July </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health Service">National Health Service</a> is founded </td></tr> <tr> <td>1973 </td> <td>1 January</td> <td>UK joins the <a href="/wiki/European_Communities" title="European Communities">European Communities</a> (predecessor of the European Union). </td></tr> <tr> <td>1982 </td> <td>11 October</td> <td>The <i><a href="/wiki/Mary_Rose" title="Mary Rose">Mary Rose</a></i> is raised from the seabed of the <a href="/wiki/Solent" class="mw-redirect" title="Solent">Solent</a>, where she had sunk in 1545<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span class="anchor" id="3rd_millennium"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="21st_century">21st century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_English_history&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td>2004 </td> <td>June </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_England" title="Demographics of England">population of England</a> reaches fifty million.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td>14 July </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ICC_Cricket_World_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="ICC Cricket World Cup">ICC Cricket World Cup</a>: England win a thriller at Lords and clinch their maiden ODI World Cup led by Eoin Morgan.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td>31 January </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a> takes place. The UK officially withdraws from the European Union three years after it voted to leave during a referendum in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td>31 January </td> <td>The first patient with <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_England" title="COVID-19 pandemic in England">COVID-19</a> is confirmed in York.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022 </td> <td>8 September </td> <td>Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> dies of after a reign of 70 years and 214 days. She is succeeded by King <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_English_history&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>City and town timelines</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Bath,_Somerset" title="Timeline of Bath, Somerset">Timeline of Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Barrow-in-Furness" title="Timeline of Barrow-in-Furness">Timeline of Barrow-in-Furness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Birmingham_history" title="Timeline of Birmingham history">Timeline of Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Bradford" title="Timeline of Bradford">Timeline of Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Bristol" title="Timeline of Bristol">Timeline of Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Cambridge" title="Timeline of Cambridge">Timeline of Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Cheshire_history" title="Timeline of Cheshire history">Timeline of Cheshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Derby" title="Timeline of Derby">Timeline of Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Exeter" title="Timeline of Exeter">Timeline of Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Hull" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Hull">Timeline of Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Leicester" title="Timeline of Leicester">Timeline of Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Lincoln" title="Timeline of Lincoln">Timeline of Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Liverpool" title="Timeline of Liverpool">Timeline of Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_London" title="Timeline of London">Timeline of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Manchester_history" title="Timeline of Manchester history">Timeline of Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Norwich" title="Timeline of Norwich">Timeline of Norwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Nottingham" title="Timeline of Nottingham">Timeline of Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Oxford" title="Timeline of Oxford">Timeline of Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Plymouth" title="Timeline of Plymouth">Timeline of Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Reading,_Berkshire" title="Timeline of Reading, Berkshire">Timeline of Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Sheffield_history" title="Timeline of Sheffield history">Timeline of Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Southampton" title="Timeline of Southampton">Timeline of Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_St_Columb_Major" title="Timeline of St Columb Major">Timeline of St Columb Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Sunderland" title="Timeline of Sunderland">Timeline of Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_York" title="Timeline of York">Timeline of York</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>County timelines</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Cheshire_history" title="Timeline of Cheshire history">Timeline of Cheshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Cornish_history" title="Timeline of Cornish history">Timeline of Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Northumbria_and_Northumberland" title="Timeline of Northumbria and Northumberland">Timeline of Northumbria and Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Somerset_history" title="Timeline of Somerset history">Timeline of Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Sussex_history" title="Timeline of Sussex history">Timeline of Sussex</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_English_history&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-JCaesar-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JCaesar_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JCaesar_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Caesar</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Commentarii_de_Bello_Gallico" title="Commentarii de Bello Gallico">Commentarii de Bello Gallico</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Commentaries_on_the_Gallic_War/Book_4#20" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Commentaries on the Gallic War/Book 4">4.20–35</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Commentaries_on_the_Gallic_War/Book_5#1" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Commentaries on the Gallic War/Book 5">5.1</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Commentaries_on_the_Gallic_War/Book_5#8" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Commentaries on the Gallic War/Book 5">8–23</a>; <a href="/wiki/Dio_Cassius" class="mw-redirect" title="Dio Cassius">Dio Cassius</a>, <i>Roman History</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/39*.html#50">39.50–53</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/40*.html#1">40.1–3</a>; <a href="/wiki/Florus" title="Florus">Florus</a>, <i>Epitome of Roman History</i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Epitome_of_Roman_History/Book_1#45" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Epitome of Roman History/Book 1">1.45</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODNBCuno-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ODNBCuno_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTodd2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Todd, Malcolm (2004). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-6939">"Cunobelinus [Cymbeline] (D. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Aethelberht+I+%7C+Anglo-Saxon%2C+Kentish%2C+Ruler+%7C+Britannica&rft.date=2024-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FAethelberht-I&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+English+history" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stenton204-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stenton204_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frank Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England (Oxford University Press, 1971), p. 204</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kirby_163-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kirby_163_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirby1992" class="citation book cs1">Kirby, D.P. (1992). <i>The Earliest English Kings</i>. London: Routledge. p. 163. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-09086-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-09086-5"><bdi>0-415-09086-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Earliest+English+Kings&rft.place=London&rft.pages=163&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-415-09086-5&rft.aulast=Kirby&rft.aufirst=D.P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+English+history" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwanton2000" class="citation book cs1">Swanton, Michael (6 April 2000). <i>The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (New ed.)</i>. Phoenix Press. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84212-003-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-84212-003-4"><bdi>1-84212-003-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anglo-Saxon+Chronicle+%28New+ed.%29&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Phoenix+Press&rft.date=2000-04-06&rft.isbn=1-84212-003-4&rft.aulast=Swanton&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+English+history" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller,_Sean" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Sean. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=get&type=day&id=07290796">"July 29, 796: Death of King Offa of Mercia"</a>. <i>Anglo-Saxons</i>. anglo-saxons.net<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Anglo-Saxons&rft.atitle=July+29%2C+796%3A+Death+of+King+Offa+of+Mercia&rft.au=Miller%2C+Sean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anglo-saxons.net%2Fhwaet%2F%3Fdo%3Dget%26type%3Dday%26id%3D07290796&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+English+history" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStenton1971" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Stenton" title="Frank Stenton">Stenton, Frank</a> (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0Y65NxJaMtcC&pg=PA393"><i>Anglo-Saxon England</i></a>. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 393. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-821716-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-821716-9"><bdi>978-0-19-821716-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anglo-Saxon+England&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=393&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-19-821716-9&rft.aulast=Stenton&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0Y65NxJaMtcC%26pg%3DPA393&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+English+history" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarlow2006" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Barlow_(historian)" title="Frank Barlow (historian)">Barlow, Frank</a> (25 May 2006). "Edward (St Edward; known as Edward the Confessor)". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F8516">10.1093/ref:odnb/8516</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Edward+%28St+Edward%3B+known+as+Edward+the+Confessor%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006-05-25&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F8516&rft.aulast=Barlow&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+English+history" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrossLivingstone2005" class="citation book cs1">Cross, Frank Leslie; Livingstone, Elizabeth A. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fUqcAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA706">"Great Schism"</a>. <i>The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church</i>. Oxford: University Press. p. 706. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280290-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280290-3"><bdi>978-0-19-280290-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Great+Schism&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=706&rft.pub=University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280290-3&rft.aulast=Cross&rft.aufirst=Frank+Leslie&rft.au=Livingstone%2C+Elizabeth+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfUqcAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA706&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+English+history" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/battleswars10011200/p/battle-of-the-standard.htm">"The Anarchy: Battle of the Standard"</a>. About.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Anarchy%3A+Battle+of+the+Standard&rft.pub=About&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmilitaryhistory.about.com%2Fod%2Fbattleswars10011200%2Fp%2Fbattle-of-the-standard.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+English+history" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFergussonTrowbridge2016" class="citation web cs1">Fergusson, George; Trowbridge, Benjamin (9 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.blog.gov.uk/2016/05/09/historys-unparalleled-alliance-the-anglo-portuguese-treaty-of-windsor-9th-may-1386/">"History's Unparalleled Alliance: the Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of Windsor, 9th May 1386"</a>. <i>History of Britiah Government</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+of+Britiah+Government&rft.atitle=History%27s+Unparalleled+Alliance%3A+the+Anglo-Portuguese+Treaty+of+Windsor%2C+9th+May+1386&rft.date=2016-05-09&rft.aulast=Fergusson&rft.aufirst=George&rft.au=Trowbridge%2C+Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.blog.gov.uk%2F2016%2F05%2F09%2Fhistorys-unparalleled-alliance-the-anglo-portuguese-treaty-of-windsor-9th-may-1386%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+English+history" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EH-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EH_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnglish_Heritage1995" class="citation web cs1">English Heritage (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/content/imported-docs/p-t/shrewsbury.pdf">"English Heritage Battlefield Report: Shrewsbury 1403"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=English+Heritage+Battlefield+Report%3A+Shrewsbury+1403&rft.date=1995&rft.au=English+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.english-heritage.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fimported-docs%2Fp-t%2Fshrewsbury.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+English+history" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Celtic-names-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Celtic-names_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Name of the Glorious Revolution in the languages of Britain and Ireland: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga">An Réabhlóid Ghlórmhar</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a>: <i lang="sco">Gloryws Revolution</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a>: <i lang="gd">Rèabhlaid Ghlòrmhor</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>: <i lang="cy">Chwyldro Gogoneddus</i></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Trading_Places:_Old_Dock_History-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Trading_Places:_Old_Dock_History_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080324050020/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/nof/docks/access/dock_history7.html">"Trading Places: Old Dock History"</a>. <i>Liverpool Museums</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/nof/docks/access/dock_history7.html">the original</a> on 24 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Liverpool+Museums&rft.atitle=Trading+Places%3A+Old+Dock+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk%2Fnof%2Fdocks%2Faccess%2Fdock_history7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+English+history" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/summary/Key-Facts-of-the-Seven-Years-War">"Seven Years' War | Key Facts | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Seven+Years%E2%80%99+War+%7C+Key+Facts+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fsummary%2FKey-Facts-of-the-Seven-Years-War&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+English+history" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Paris-1763">"Treaty of Paris | End of French & Indian War, Peace, Colonies | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i>. 15 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Treaty+of+Paris+%7C+End+of+French+%26+Indian+War%2C+Peace%2C+Colonies+%7C+Britannica&rft.date=2024-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FTreaty-of-Paris-1763&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+English+history" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aboutnelson.co.uk/health.htm">"Nelson's Health | Admiral Nelson Guide 2024"</a>. <i>www.aboutnelson.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aboutnelson.co.uk&rft.atitle=Nelson%27s+Health+%7C+Admiral+Nelson+Guide+2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aboutnelson.co.uk%2Fhealth.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+English+history" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBush,_M._L.2005" class="citation book cs1">Bush, M. L. (2005). <i>The casualties of Peterloo</i>. Lancaster: Carnegie Pub. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85936-125-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85936-125-0"><bdi>1-85936-125-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/71224394">71224394</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+casualties+of+Peterloo&rft.place=Lancaster&rft.pub=Carnegie+Pub&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F71224394&rft.isbn=1-85936-125-0&rft.au=Bush%2C+M.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+English+history" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G6JVAAAAcAAJ"><i>A History and Description of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway</i></a>. T. Taylor, 1832.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arthur Freeling. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t8EHAAAAQAAJ"><i>Freeling's Grand Junction Railway Companion</i></a>. Whittaker, 1838</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Cornish. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/grandjunctionan00corngoog"><i>The Grand Junction, and the Liverpool and Manchester Railway Companion: Containing an Account of Birmingham, Liverpool, and Manchester</i></a>. 1837.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBBC2009" class="citation news cs1">BBC (23 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/manchester/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_8165000/8165208.stm">"Manchester to Liverpool: the first inter-city railway"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191120154328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/manchester/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_8165000/8165208.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Manchester+to+Liverpool%3A+the+first+inter-city+railway&rft.date=2009-07-23&rft.au=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Flocal%2Fmanchester%2Fhi%2Fpeople_and_places%2Fhistory%2Fnewsid_8165000%2F8165208.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+English+history" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDesmondMoore1991" class="citation cs2">Desmond, Adrian; <a href="/wiki/James_Moore_(biographer)" title="James Moore (biographer)">Moore, James</a> (1991), <i>Darwin</i>, London: Michael Joseph, Penguin Group, p. 477, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7181-3430-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7181-3430-3"><bdi>0-7181-3430-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Darwin&rft.place=London&rft.pages=477&rft.pub=Michael+Joseph%2C+Penguin+Group&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-7181-3430-3&rft.aulast=Desmond&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft.au=Moore%2C+James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+English+history" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolmar2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Wolmar" title="Christian Wolmar">Wolmar, Christian</a> (2004). <i>The Subterranean Railway: how the London Underground was built and how it changed the city forever</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Hunt+for+contacts+of+coronavirus-stricken+pair+in+York&rft.date=2020-01-31&rft.issn=0140-0460&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Wace%2C+Charlotte&rft.au=Smyth%2C+Chris&rft.au=Brown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fhunt-for-contacts-of-coronavirus-stricken-pair-in-york-dh363qf8k&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+English+history" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowdenJacksonCoughlan2022" class="citation news cs1">Bowden, George; Jackson, Marie; Coughlan, Sean (8 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-61585886">"Queen Elizabeth II has died"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220909033013/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-61585886">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Queen+Elizabeth+II+has+died&rft.date=2022-09-08&rft.aulast=Bowden&rft.aufirst=George&rft.au=Jackson%2C+Marie&rft.au=Coughlan%2C+Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-61585886&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+English+history" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoughlan2022" class="citation news cs1">Coughlan, Sean (29 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-63078676">"Queen's cause of death given as 'old age' on death certificate"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221001023647/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-63078676">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Queen%27s+cause+of+death+given+as+%27old+age%27+on+death+certificate&rft.date=2022-09-29&rft.aulast=Coughlan&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-63078676&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+English+history" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_English_history&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Marsden, Peter, <i>Sealed by Time: The Loss and Recovery of the Mary Rose.</i> The Archaeology of the <i>Mary Rose</i>, Volume 1. The Mary Rose Trust, Portsmouth. 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9544029-0-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-9544029-0-1">0-9544029-0-1</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_English_history&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_Henry_Townsend1867" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/George_Henry_Townsend" title="George Henry Townsend">George Henry Townsend</a> (1867), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/manualofdatesdic00townrich#page/371/mode/1up">"England"</a>, <i>A Manual of Dates</i> (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=England&rft.btitle=A+Manual+of+Dates&rft.place=London&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Frederick+Warne+%26+Co.&rft.date=1867&rft.au=George+Henry+Townsend&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fmanualofdatesdic00townrich%23page%2F371%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+English+history" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_E._Little1900" class="citation cs2">Charles E. Little (1900), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cyclopediaofclas00littuoft#page/839/mode/1up">"Great Britain and Ireland"</a>, <i>Cyclopedia of Classified Dates</i>, New York: Funk & Wagnalls</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Great+Britain+and+Ireland&rft.btitle=Cyclopedia+of+Classified+Dates&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Funk+%26+Wagnalls&rft.date=1900&rft.au=Charles+E.+Little&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fcyclopediaofclas00littuoft%23page%2F839%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+English+history" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenjamin_Vincent1910" class="citation cs2">Benjamin Vincent (1910), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/haydnsdictionary00hayd#page/475/mode/1up">"England"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haydn%27s_Dictionary_of_Dates" class="mw-redirect" title="Haydn's Dictionary of Dates"><i>Haydn's Dictionary of Dates</i></a> (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=England&rft.btitle=Haydn%27s+Dictionary+of+Dates&rft.place=London&rft.edition=25th&rft.pub=Ward%2C+Lock+%26+Co.&rft.date=1910&rft.au=Benjamin+Vincent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fhaydnsdictionary00hayd%23page%2F475%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+English+history" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Years_in_England_(927–present)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Years_in_England" title="Template:Years in England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Years_in_England" title="Template talk:Years in England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Years_in_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Years in England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Years_in_England_(927–present)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_England" title="List of years in England">Years in England</a> (927–present)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Timeline</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="10th_century" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/10th_century_in_England" title="10th century in England">10th century</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1000s_in_England" title="1000s in England">1000s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="11th_century" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">11th century</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1000s_in_England" title="1000s in England">1000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1010s_in_England" title="1010s in England">1010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1020s_in_England" title="1020s in England">1020s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1030s_in_England" title="1030s in England">1030s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1040s_in_England" title="1040s in England">1040s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1050s_in_England" title="1050s in England">1050s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1060s_in_England" title="1060s in England">1060s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1070s_in_England" title="1070s in England">1070s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1080s_in_England" title="1080s in England">1080s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1090s_in_England" title="1090s in England">1090s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1100s_in_England" title="1100s in England">1100s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="12th_century" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">12th century</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1100s_in_England" title="1100s in England">1100s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1110s_in_England" title="1110s in England">1110s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1120s_in_England" title="1120s in England">1120s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1130s_in_England" title="1130s in England">1130s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1140s_in_England" title="1140s in England">1140s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1150s_in_England" title="1150s in England">1150s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1160s_in_England" title="1160s in England">1160s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1170s_in_England" title="1170s in England">1170s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1180s_in_England" title="1180s in England">1180s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1190s_in_England" title="1190s in England">1190s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1200s_in_England" title="1200s in England">1200s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="13th_century" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">13th century</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1200s_in_England" title="1200s in England">1200s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1210s_in_England" title="1210s in England">1210s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1220s_in_England" title="1220s in England">1220s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1230s_in_England" title="1230s in England">1230s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1240s_in_England" title="1240s in England">1240s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1250s_in_England" title="1250s in England">1250s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1260s_in_England" title="1260s in England">1260s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1270s_in_England" title="1270s in England">1270s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1280s_in_England" title="1280s in England">1280s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1290s_in_England" title="1290s in England">1290s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1300s_in_England" title="1300s in England">1300s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="14th_century" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">14th century</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1300s_in_England" title="1300s in England">1300s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1310s_in_England" title="1310s in England">1310s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1320s_in_England" title="1320s in England">1320s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1330s_in_England" title="1330s in England">1330s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1340s_in_England" title="1340s in England">1340s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1350s_in_England" title="1350s in England">1350s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1360s_in_England" title="1360s in England">1360s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1370s_in_England" title="1370s in England">1370s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1380s_in_England" title="1380s in England">1380s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1390s_in_England" title="1390s in England">1390s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1400s_in_England" title="1400s in England">1400s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="15th_century" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">15th century</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1400s_in_England" title="1400s in England">1400s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1410s_in_England" title="1410s in England">1410s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1420s_in_England" title="1420s in England">1420s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1430s_in_England" title="1430s in England">1430s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1440s_in_England" title="1440s in England">1440s</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1447_in_England" title="1447 in England">1447</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1448_in_England" title="1448 in England">1448</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1450s_in_England" title="1450s in England">1450s</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1455_in_England" title="1455 in England">1455</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1456_in_England" title="1456 in England">1456</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1457_in_England" title="1457 in England">1457</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1458_in_England" title="1458 in England">1458</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1459_in_England" title="1459 in England">1459</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1460s_in_England" title="1460s in England">1460s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1470s_in_England" title="1470s in England">1470s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1480s_in_England" title="1480s in England">1480s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1490s_in_England" title="1490s in England">1490s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1500s_in_England" title="1500s in England">1500s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="16th_century" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">16th century</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1500s_in_England" title="1500s in England">1500s</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1504_in_England" title="1504 in England">1504</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1505_in_England" title="1505 in England">1505</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1506_in_England" title="1506 in England">1506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1507_in_England" title="1507 in England">1507</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1510s_in_England" title="1510s in England">1510s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1520s_in_England" title="1520s in England">1520s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1530s_in_England" title="1530s in England">1530s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1540s_in_England" title="1540s in England">1540s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1550s_in_England" title="1550s in England">1550s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1560s_in_England" title="1560s in England">1560s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1570s_in_England" title="1570s in England">1570s</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1579_in_England" title="1579 in England">1579</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1580s_in_England" title="1580s in England">1580s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1590s_in_England" title="1590s in England">1590s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1600s_in_England" title="1600s in England">1600s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="17th_century" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">17th century</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1600s_in_England" title="1600s in England">1600s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1610s_in_England" title="1610s in England">1610s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1620s_in_England" title="1620s in England">1620s</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1622_in_England" title="1622 in England">1622</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1630s_in_England" title="1630s in England">1630s</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1631_in_England" title="1631 in England">1631</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1632_in_England" title="1632 in England">1632</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1633_in_England" title="1633 in England">1633</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1634_in_England" title="1634 in England">1634</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1635_in_England" title="1635 in England">1635</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1636_in_England" title="1636 in England">1636</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1637_in_England" title="1637 in England">1637</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1638_in_England" title="1638 in England">1638</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1639_in_England" title="1639 in England">1639</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1640_in_England" title="1640 in England">1640</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1641_in_England" title="1641 in England">1641</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1642_in_England" title="1642 in England">1642</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1643_in_England" title="1643 in England">1643</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1644_in_England" title="1644 in England">1644</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1645_in_England" title="1645 in England">1645</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1646_in_England" title="1646 in England">1646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1647_in_England" title="1647 in England">1647</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1648_in_England" title="1648 in England">1648</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1649_in_England" title="1649 in England">1649</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1650_in_England" title="1650 in England">1650</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1651_in_England" title="1651 in England">1651</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1652_in_England" title="1652 in England">1652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1653_in_England" title="1653 in England">1653</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1654_in_England" title="1654 in England">1654</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1655_in_England" title="1655 in England">1655</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1656_in_England" title="1656 in England">1656</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1657_in_England" title="1657 in England">1657</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1658_in_England" title="1658 in England">1658</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1659_in_England" title="1659 in England">1659</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1660_in_England" title="1660 in England">1660</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1661_in_England" title="1661 in England">1661</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1662_in_England" title="1662 in England">1662</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1663_in_England" title="1663 in England">1663</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1664_in_England" title="1664 in England">1664</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1665_in_England" title="1665 in England">1665</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1666_in_England" title="1666 in England">1666</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1667_in_England" title="1667 in England">1667</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1668_in_England" title="1668 in England">1668</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1669_in_England" title="1669 in England">1669</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1670_in_England" title="1670 in England">1670</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1671_in_England" title="1671 in England">1671</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1672_in_England" title="1672 in England">1672</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1673_in_England" title="1673 in England">1673</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1674_in_England" title="1674 in England">1674</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1675_in_England" title="1675 in England">1675</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1676_in_England" title="1676 in England">1676</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1677_in_England" title="1677 in England">1677</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1678_in_England" title="1678 in England">1678</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1679_in_England" title="1679 in England">1679</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1680_in_England" title="1680 in England">1680</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1681_in_England" title="1681 in England">1681</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1682_in_England" title="1682 in England">1682</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1683_in_England" title="1683 in England">1683</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1684_in_England" title="1684 in England">1684</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1685_in_England" title="1685 in England">1685</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1686_in_England" title="1686 in England">1686</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1687_in_England" title="1687 in England">1687</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1688_in_England" title="1688 in England">1688</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1689_in_England" title="1689 in England">1689</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1690_in_England" title="1690 in England">1690</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1691_in_England" title="1691 in England">1691</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1692_in_England" title="1692 in England">1692</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1693_in_England" title="1693 in England">1693</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1694_in_England" title="1694 in England">1694</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1695_in_England" title="1695 in England">1695</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1696_in_England" title="1696 in England">1696</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1697_in_England" title="1697 in England">1697</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1698_in_England" title="1698 in England">1698</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1699_in_England" title="1699 in England">1699</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1700_in_England" title="1700 in England">1700</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="18th_century" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">18th century</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1701_in_England" title="1701 in England">1701</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1702_in_England" title="1702 in England">1702</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1703_in_England" title="1703 in England">1703</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1704_in_England" title="1704 in England">1704</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1705_in_England" title="1705 in England">1705</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1706_in_England" title="1706 in England">1706</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1707_in_England" title="1707 in England">1707</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="19th_century" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">19th century</div></th></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="20th_century" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">20th century</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1944_in_England" title="1944 in England">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_in_England" title="1945 in England">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_in_England" title="1946 in England">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_in_England" title="1960 in England">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_in_England" title="1974 in England">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_in_England" title="1979 in England">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_England" title="1980 in England">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_in_England" title="1981 in England">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_in_England" title="1982 in England">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_England" title="1983 in England">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_in_England" title="1984 in England">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_in_England" title="1985 in England">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_in_England" title="1986 in England">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_in_England" title="1987 in England">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_in_England" title="1988 in England">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_in_England" title="1989 in England">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_England" title="1990 in England">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_England" title="1991 in England">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_in_England" title="1992 in England">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_in_England" title="1993 in England">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_in_England" title="1994 in England">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_in_England" title="1995 in England">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_in_England" title="1996 in England">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_in_England" title="1997 in England">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_in_England" title="1998 in England">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_in_England" title="1999 in England">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_in_England" title="2000 in England">2000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="21st_century" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">21st century</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_England" title="2001 in England">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_in_England" title="2002 in England">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_in_England" title="2003 in England">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_in_England" title="2004 in England">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_in_England" title="2005 in England">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_in_England" title="2006 in England">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_in_England" title="2007 in England">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_in_England" title="2008 in England">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_in_England" title="2009 in England">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_in_England" title="2010 in England">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_in_England" title="2011 in England">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_in_England" title="2012 in England">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_in_England" title="2013 in England">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_in_England" title="2014 in England">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_in_England" title="2015 in England">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_in_England" title="2016 in England">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_in_England" title="2017 in England">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_in_England" title="2018 in England">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_England" title="2019 in England">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_England" title="2020 in England">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_England" title="2021 in England">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_England" title="2022 in England">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_in_England" title="2023 in England">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_in_England" title="2024 in England">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_in_England" title="2025 in England">2025</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kingdom_of_England" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kingdom_of_England" title="Template:Kingdom of England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kingdom_of_England" title="Template talk:Kingdom of England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kingdom_of_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kingdom of England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kingdom_of_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_England" title="History of England">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Anglo-Saxon_England" title="History of Anglo-Saxon England">Anglo-Saxon England</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heptarchy" title="Heptarchy">Heptarchy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Conquest" title="Norman Conquest">Norman Conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Norman_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Norman England">Anglo-Normans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Anarchy" title="The Anarchy">The Anarchy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angevin_Empire" title="Angevin Empire">Angevin Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_in_the_late_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="England in the late Middle Ages">England in the late Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_England_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Economy of England in the Middle Ages">Economy in the Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses">Wars of the Roses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_period" title="Tudor period">Tudor period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">English Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_era" title="Elizabethan era">Elizabethan era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Renaissance" title="English Renaissance">English Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_period" title="Stuart period">Stuart period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Crowns" title="Union of the Crowns">Union of the Crowns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_Plot" title="Gunpowder Plot">Gunpowder Plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobean_era" title="Jacobean era">Jacobean era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">Civil War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interregnum_(England)" title="Interregnum (England)">Interregnum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England">Commonwealth of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Protectorate" title="The Protectorate">The Protectorate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Restoration" title="Stuart Restoration">The Restoration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popish_Plot" title="Popish Plot">Popish Plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusion_Crisis" title="Exclusion Crisis">Exclusion Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution" title="Glorious Revolution">Glorious Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Union with Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_overseas_possessions" title="English overseas possessions">Overseas possessions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_colony" title="Crown colony">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_colony" title="Proprietary colony">Proprietary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_protectorate" title="British protectorate">Protectorate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history_of_England" title="Maritime history of England">Maritime history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Royal Houses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Wessex" title="House of Wessex">Wessex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Kn%C3%BDtlinga" title="House of Knýtlinga">Knýtlinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Normandy" title="House of Normandy">Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angevin_kings_of_England" title="Angevin kings of England">Angevin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Plantagenet" title="House of Plantagenet">Plantagenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_York" title="House of York">York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Tudor" title="House of Tudor">Tudor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Stuart" title="House of Stuart">Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Orange-Nassau" title="House of Orange-Nassau">Orange-Nassau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_England" title="Politics of England">Politics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/English_law" title="English law">Law</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Witan" title="Witan">Witan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curia_regis" title="Curia regis">Curia regis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnum_Concilium" title="Magnum Concilium">Magnum Concilium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Lords of England">House of Lords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_England" title="House of Commons of England">House of Commons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Secretary" title="King's Secretary">King's Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_English_monarchy" title="History of the English monarchy">Monarchy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_Council_of_State" title="English Council of State">Council of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Protector" title="Lord Protector">Lord Protector</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_England" title="Peerage of England">Peerage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_England" title="Privy Council of England">Privy Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_ministries" title="List of English ministries">Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_(England)" title="Secretary of State (England)">Secretary of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governance_of_England" title="Governance of England">Governance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_in_Anglo-Saxon_England" title="Government in Anglo-Saxon England">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_in_medieval_England" title="Government in medieval England">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_government" title="Elizabethan government">Elizabethan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Chamber" title="Star Chamber">Star Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiggism" title="Whiggism">Whigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tory" title="Tory">Tories</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Acts of Parliament:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England,_1225%E2%80%931267" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England, 1225–1267">1225–1267</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England,_1275%E2%80%931307" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England, 1275–1307">1275–1307</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England,_1308%E2%80%931325" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England, 1308–1325">1308–1325</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statutes_of_uncertain_date" title="Statutes of uncertain date"><i>Temp. incert.</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England,_1327%E2%80%931376" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England, 1327–1376">1327–1376</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England,_1377%E2%80%931397" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England, 1377–1397">1377–1397</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England,_1399%E2%80%931411" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England, 1399–1411">1399–1411</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England,_1413%E2%80%931421" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England, 1413–1421">1413–1421</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England,_1422%E2%80%931460" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England, 1422–1460">1422–1460</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1461" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1461">1461</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1463" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1463">1463</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1464" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1464">1464</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1467" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1467">1467</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1468" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1468">1468</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1472" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1472">1472</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1474" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1474">1474</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1477" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1477">1477</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1482" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1482">1482</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1483" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1483">1483</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1485" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1485">1485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1487" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1487">1487</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1488" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1488">1488</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1491" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1491">1491</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1495" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1495">1495</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1496" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1496">1496</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1503" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1503">1503</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1509" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1509">1509</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1511" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1511">1511</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1512" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1512">1512</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1513" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1513">1513</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1514" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1514">1514</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1515" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1515">1515</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1523" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1523">1523</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1529" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1529">1529</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1530" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1530">1530</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1531" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1531">1531</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1532" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1532">1532</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1533" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1533">1533</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1534" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1534">1534</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1535" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1535">1535</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1536" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1536">1536</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1539" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1539">1539</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1540" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1540">1540</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1541" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1541">1541</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1542" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1542">1542</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1543" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1543">1543</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1545" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1545">1545</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1546" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1546">1546</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1547" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1547">1547</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1548" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1548">1548</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1549" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1549">1549</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1551" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1551">1551</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1553" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1553">1553</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1554" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1554">1554</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1555" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1555">1555</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1557" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1557">1557</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1558" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1558">1558</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1562" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1562">1562</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1566" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1566">1566</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1571" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1571">1571</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1572" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1572">1572</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1575" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1575">1575</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1580" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1580">1580</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1584" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1584">1584</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1586" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1586">1586</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1588" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1588">1588</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1592" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1592">1592</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1597" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1597">1597</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1601" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1601">1601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1603" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1603">1603</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1605" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1605">1605</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1606" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1606">1606</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1609" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1609">1609</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1620" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1620">1620</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1623" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1623">1623</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1625" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1625">1625</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1627" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1627">1627</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1640" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1640">1640</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_ordinances_and_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England,_1642%E2%80%931660" title="List of ordinances and acts of the Parliament of England, 1642–1660">1642–1660</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1660" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1660">1660</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1661" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1661">1661</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1662" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1662">1662</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1663" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1663">1663</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1664" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1664">1664</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1665" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1665">1665</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1666" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1666">1666</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1667" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1667">1667</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1670" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1670">1670</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1672" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1672">1672</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1675" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1675">1675</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1677" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1677">1677</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1678" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1678">1678</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1679" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1679">1679</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1680" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1680">1680</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1685" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1685">1685</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1688" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1688">1688</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1689" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1689">1689</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1690" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1690">1690</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1691" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1691">1691</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1692" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1692">1692</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1693" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1693">1693</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1694" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1694">1694</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1695" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1695">1695</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1696" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1696">1696</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1697" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1697">1697</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1698" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1698">1698</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1700" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1700">1700</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1701" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1701">1701</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1702" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1702">1702</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1703" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1703">1703</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1704" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1704">1704</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1705" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1705">1705</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1706" title="List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1706">1706</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of England">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_military_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon military organization">Anglo-Saxon military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_warfare" title="Anglo-Saxon warfare">Warfare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Army" title="English Army">English Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Model_Army" title="New Model Army">New Model Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ship_names_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of ship names of the Royal Navy">Ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Royal_Navy_(before_1707)" title="History of the Royal Navy (before 1707)">History</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_England" title="Geography of England">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_England" title="List of islands of England">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_England" title="List of places in England">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_England" title="List of towns in England">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_England" title="List of castles in England">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_palaces#England" title="List of palaces">Palaces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_England" title="Demographics of England">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language_in_England" title="English language in England">English language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_people" title="List of English people">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_England" title="Culture of England">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England" title="Religion in England">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_cuisine" title="English cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_folklore" title="English folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_dance" title="Morris dance">Morris dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_dance" title="Country dance">Country dance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_England" title="Architecture of England">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_architecture" title="Anglo-Saxon architecture">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Gothic_architecture" title="English Gothic architecture">English Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_architecture" title="Tudor architecture">Tudor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_architecture" title="Elizabethan architecture">Elizabethan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobean_architecture" title="Jacobean architecture">Jacobean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne_style_architecture" title="Queen Anne style architecture">Queen Anne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_England" title="National symbols of England">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_England" title="Flag of England">National flag</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_English_flags" title="List of English flags">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_heraldry" title="English heraldry">Heraldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_England" title="Coat of arms of England">Coat of arms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Arms" title="College of Arms">College of Arms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_badges_of_England" title="Royal badges of England">Royal badges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_supporters_of_England" title="Royal supporters of England">Royal supporters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_standards_of_England" title="Royal standards of England">Royal standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom">Crown Jewels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_rose" title="Tudor rose">Tudor rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">Oak tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">St George</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_George%27s_Day_in_England" title="Saint George's Day in England">St George's Day</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a 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