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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Christian Wolmar</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_wolmar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Christian_wolmar.jpg/200px-Christian_wolmar.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Christian_wolmar.jpg/300px-Christian_wolmar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Christian_wolmar.jpg/400px-Christian_wolmar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2832" data-file-height="4256" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1949-08-03</span>) </span>3 August 1949<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 75)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">Warwick University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">Journalist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Author" title="Author">author</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway">railway</a> <a href="/wiki/Historian" title="Historian">historian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Transport commentary</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianwolmar.co.uk">www.christianwolmar.co.uk</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Christian Tage Forter Wolmar</b> (born 3 August 1949) is a British <a href="/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">journalist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Author" title="Author">author</a>, <a href="/wiki/Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway">railway</a> <a href="/wiki/Historian" title="Historian">historian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> campaigner.<sup id="cite_ref-CW1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CW1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is known for his commentary on <a href="/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">transport</a>, especially as a <a href="/wiki/Pundit_(expert)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pundit (expert)">pundit</a> on <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Great_Britain" title="Rail transport in Great Britain">Britain's railway industry</a> and as host of the Calling All Stations transport <a href="/wiki/Podcast" title="Podcast">podcast</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was named Transport Journalist of the Year in the National Transport Awards in 2007. He is an advocate for cycling, and is on the board of the <a href="/wiki/London_Cycling_Campaign" title="London Cycling Campaign">London Cycling Campaign</a>, as well as having founded Labour Cycles, which encourages the Labour Party to adopt a pro-cycling agenda. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wolmar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wolmar's father, Boris Forter, was born in Moscow and his mother, Birgit Lindblom, was Swedish. They met in London. </p><p>Wolmar was educated at <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Fran%C3%A7ais_Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Lycée Français Charles de Gaulle">Lycée Français Charles de Gaulle</a>, a French <a href="/wiki/Independent_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent school">independent school</a> in South Kensington, followed by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">University of Warwick</a><sup id="cite_ref-CW1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CW1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he obtained a degree in economics and was editor of the student newspaper, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boar_(newspaper)" title="The Boar (newspaper)">Campus</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then <a href="/wiki/Squatting" title="Squatting">squatted</a> at <a href="/wiki/Villa_Road" title="Villa Road">Villa Road</a> in London, helping to save the street from demolition, and co-edited the book <i><a href="/wiki/Squatting_the_real_story" title="Squatting the real story">Squatting the real story</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-c4_squat_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c4_squat-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wolmar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following his graduation from university in 1971, Wolmar worked for <i>Marketing</i>, <i>Retail Newsagent</i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a></i>, and the <i><a href="/wiki/London_Daily_News" title="London Daily News">London Daily News</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-CW1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CW1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1976, Wolmar joined the staff of drug users' charity <a href="/wiki/Release_(agency)" title="Release (agency)">Release</a>, and stopped the use of its office (1 <a href="/wiki/Elgin_Avenue" title="Elgin Avenue">Elgin Avenue</a>, London W9) as a <a href="/wiki/Poste_restante" title="Poste restante">holding address</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Paedophile_Information_Exchange" title="Paedophile Information Exchange">PIE</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Pro-paedophile_activism" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-paedophile activism">paedophile activist</a> group.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was on the staff of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i> (1989–97)<sup id="cite_ref-CW1_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CW1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and their transport correspondent for four years from 1992, covering the <a href="/wiki/Privatisation_of_British_Rail" title="Privatisation of British Rail">privatisation of British Rail</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Second_Major_ministry" title="Second Major ministry">Major government</a>. He also contributed to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a></i><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and continues to write a regular column for <i><a href="/wiki/RAIL_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="RAIL (magazine)">RAIL</a></i> magazine and contributes frequently to several other magazines.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His website<sup id="cite_ref-auto_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has over 1,400 articles. </p><p>Wolmar's books and columns mainly analyse the current state of the British railway industry and also cover railway history. He has long been an ardent critic of <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_privatisation_of_British_Rail" title="Impact of the privatisation of British Rail">rail privatisation</a> and argued that the structure contributed to the series of railway disasters in 1997–2001. </p><p>He is opposed to the construction of <a href="/wiki/HS2" class="mw-redirect" title="HS2">HS2</a>, the planned high-speed railway linking <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-onebigpunt_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-onebigpunt-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bigy_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bigy-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He frequently appears on TV and radio, both on history and news programmes, and has a regular spot as a commentator on Talk Radio. He speaks at transport conferences around the world, both on the railways and his concerns about driverless cars. In his podcast and broadsheets he has also called for peak-time rail fares to be ended.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books">Books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wolmar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wolmar's railway history books include <i>The Subterranean Railway: a history of the London Underground</i>, published in 2005, and <i>Fire and Steam</i>, the first major new history of the railways in Britain for 30 years. More recently, <i>Blood, Iron and Gold</i>, a history of how the railways changed the world, was published in October 2009 and <i>Engines Of War</i>, on how the railways transformed modern warfare was published in late 2010. In 2012, he published <i>The Great Railway Revolution</i> on the history of the <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in the United States">US railroads</a>, and also in 2012 an ebook version of <i>On the Wrong Line: How Ideology and Incompetence Wrecked Britain's Railways</i>, an updated version of the earlier <i>Broken Rails</i>. In 2013, he published <i>To the Edge of the World</i>, a history of the <a href="/wiki/Transsiberian_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Transsiberian railway">Transsiberian railway</a>. Subsequent rail books include <i>Railways and the Raj</i>, a history of Indian railways and <i>The Story of Crossrail</i>. He has also written two polemics: <i>Are Trams Socialist?</i> describes how Britain's transport policies have always been orientated towards favouring the motor car over public transport and <i>Driverless Cars: on a road to nowhere</i> suggests that the hype around this technology is greatly exaggerated. </p><p>He has also written a book on the abuse scandals in children's homes, <i>Forgotten Children</i>, published in 2000, and has written extensively about housing issues and local government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wolmar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="London_Mayoral_election,_2016"><span id="London_Mayoral_election.2C_2016"></span>London Mayoral election, 2016</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wolmar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: London Mayoral election, 2016"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 2012, Wolmar announced his intention to seek nomination for the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> candidacy at the <a href="/wiki/2016_London_mayoral_election" title="2016 London mayoral election">2016 Mayor of London elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The WolmarforLondon campaign launched in 2013 with Wolmar chairing a panel on "One London" with <a href="/wiki/Nick_Raynsford" title="Nick Raynsford">Nick Raynsford</a>, then MP for <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_and_Woolwich_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Greenwich and Woolwich (UK Parliament constituency)">Greenwich and Woolwich</a>, Simon Birkett, Founder and Director of Clean Air in London, Vidhya Alakeson, Deputy Director of the Resolution foundation and Councillor Lise Thorsen, Lead Councillor on Sustainability on the <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_City_Council" title="Copenhagen City Council">Copenhagen City Council</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He held a second conference in June 2014, at The Exchange. Speakers included Neal Lawson, Chair of Compass and Professor Tony Travers LSE. Later he took part in the Labour Party Mayoral hustings at Manchester in September 2014 and unveiled plans to pedestrianise <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Street" title="Oxford Street">Oxford Street</a> with boosts to business and the environment.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Described by <i>The Guardian</i> as "the most extensive grass roots campaign",<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> one poll put Wolmar in second place,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with policies called Lifeblood for London, Putting a Roof over our Heads, Caring for the Capital's Well-Being and Hungry for Change.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Wolmar jokingly encouraged newspapers to print an untrue rumour that he had been press officer for a <a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoist</a> slavery cult, saying, <a href="/wiki/Tongue-in-cheek" title="Tongue-in-cheek">tongue-in-cheek</a>, that it would be highly beneficial for his campaign financing.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2015, after cycling over 2,000 miles and speaking at over 100 events, Wolmar won six Constituency Labour Party nominations, and went through to the final shortlist of the <a href="/wiki/London_Labour_Party_mayoral_selection,_2015" class="mw-redirect" title="London Labour Party mayoral selection, 2015">London Labour Party mayoral selection process</a>. Described by <i>The Londonist</i> as "the non-politician who wants to be mayor",<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wolmar spoke at the five official hustings about his campaign vision for a more affordable, liveable and sustainable London.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The campaign persuaded the eventual winner, <a href="/wiki/Sadiq_Khan" title="Sadiq Khan">Sadiq Khan</a>, to push for the pedestrianisation of Oxford Street and to introduce the 'Hopper' fare. </p><p>He received just over 5% of the total vote. </p><p>Wolmar supported <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Jeremy Corbyn</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2015_Labour_Party_(UK)_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Labour Party (UK) leadership election">2015 Labour leadership election</a>, saying that he was aiming to avoid a parliament in which <a href="/wiki/Andy_Burnham" title="Andy Burnham">Andy Burnham</a> or <a href="/wiki/Yvette_Cooper" title="Yvette Cooper">Yvette Cooper</a> are "basically trying to appease the Tories".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/2016_Labour_Party_(UK)_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Labour Party (UK) leadership election">2016 Labour leadership election</a>, Wolmar supported Corbyn's challenger <a href="/wiki/Owen_Smith" title="Owen Smith">Owen Smith</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Richmond_Park_by-election,_2016"><span id="Richmond_Park_by-election.2C_2016"></span>Richmond Park by-election, 2016</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wolmar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Richmond Park by-election, 2016"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wolmar was selected as the Labour candidate to contest the <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Park_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Richmond Park (UK Parliament constituency)">Richmond Park</a> constituency in the <a href="/wiki/2016_Richmond_Park_by-election" title="2016 Richmond Park by-election">2016 by-election</a> and ran on a strongly Remain platform.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_byelection_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_byelection-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He said that he would vote against <a href="/wiki/Article_50" class="mw-redirect" title="Article 50">Article 50</a> in Parliament, adding that the <a href="/wiki/UK_EU_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="UK EU referendum">EU referendum in June 2016</a> "was conducted on such dishonest terms that Parliament – or the electorate – needs to vote on the issue before a decision is made whether to leave the EU."<sup id="cite_ref-Christian_Wolmar_Article_50_2016_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christian_Wolmar_Article_50_2016-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later said that his "view is that we [Labour] ought to be the party of Remain, we ought to be the party of the 48% and build on that".<sup id="cite_ref-Silvera_2016_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silvera_2016-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also said that he opposes the <a href="/wiki/Expansion_of_Heathrow_Airport" title="Expansion of Heathrow Airport">expansion of Heathrow Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Christian_Wolmar_Article_50_2016_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christian_Wolmar_Article_50_2016-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wolmar came third in the by-election, polling 1,515 votes, with 4% of the total vote, losing his deposit as the Liberal Democrat candidate <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Olney" title="Sarah Olney">Sarah Olney</a> persuaded Labour voters to support her campaign to keep out the incumbent MP <a href="/wiki/Zac_Goldsmith" title="Zac Goldsmith">Zac Goldsmith</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wolmar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wolmar lives in <a href="/wiki/Holloway,_London" title="Holloway, London">Holloway, London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Isaaman_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Isaaman-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is a keen <a href="/wiki/Cricketer" class="mw-redirect" title="Cricketer">cricketer</a> and distance runner, and plays <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a>. He is a diehard football fan, having supported <a href="/wiki/Queens_Park_Rangers_F.C." title="Queens Park Rangers F.C.">Queens Park Rangers</a> (QPR) for over 50 years.<sup id="cite_ref-CW1_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CW1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wolmar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CW1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CW1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CW1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CW1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CW1_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CW1_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianwolmar.co.uk/biography/">Biography page</a>, Christian Wolmar's website.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTopham2023" class="citation news cs1">Topham, Gwyn (22 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/may/22/rail-passengers-in-england-could-lose-wifi-access-amid-cost-cuts">"Rail passengers in England could lose wifi access amid cost cuts"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Rail+passengers+in+England+could+lose+wifi+access+amid+cost+cuts&rft.date=2023-05-22&rft.aulast=Topham&rft.aufirst=Gwyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbusiness%2F2023%2Fmay%2F22%2Frail-passengers-in-england-could-lose-wifi-access-amid-cost-cuts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Wolmar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdm21047.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/boar/id/1857/rec/13">"UWA/PUB/C/2/44"</a>. <i>cdm21047.contentdm.oclc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cdm21047.contentdm.oclc.org&rft.atitle=UWA%2FPUB%2FC%2F2%2F44&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdm21047.contentdm.oclc.org%2Fdigital%2Fcollection%2Fboar%2Fid%2F1857%2Frec%2F13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Wolmar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-c4_squat-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-c4_squat_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhelan2013" class="citation web cs1">Whelan, Brian (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channel4.com/news/brixton-radicals-bellos-wolmar-kenlock-villa-road-squat">"What's left: the ghosts of Brixton's radical past"</a>. <i>Channel4</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Channel4&rft.atitle=What%27s+left%3A+the+ghosts+of+Brixton%27s+radical+past&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Whelan&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channel4.com%2Fnews%2Fbrixton-radicals-bellos-wolmar-kenlock-villa-road-squat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Wolmar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson237" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Robinson_(historian)" title="Lucy Robinson (historian)">Robinson, Lucy</a> (237). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YWS5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT237"><i>Gay men and the Left in post-war Britain: How the personal got political</i></a>. Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84779-663-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84779-663-9"><bdi>978-1-84779-663-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gay+men+and+the+Left+in+post-war+Britain%3A+How+the+personal+got+political&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=237&rft.isbn=978-1-84779-663-9&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYWS5DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT237&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Wolmar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130922020330/http://www.christianwolmar.co.uk/category/list-a-d/">"Christian Wolmar's website – Titles A-Z"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianwolmar.co.uk/category/list-a-d/">the original</a> on 22 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christian+Wolmar%27s+website+%E2%80%93+Titles+A-Z&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianwolmar.co.uk%2Fcategory%2Flist-a-d%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Wolmar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christianwolmar.co.uk/">"Christian Wolmar"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christian+Wolmar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianwolmar.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Wolmar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-onebigpunt-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-onebigpunt_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolmar2013" class="citation news cs1">Wolmar, Christian (28 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jan/28/hs2-rail-route-off-track">"The HS2 line is one big punt"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+HS2+line+is+one+big+punt&rft.date=2013-01-28&rft.aulast=Wolmar&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2013%2Fjan%2F28%2Fhs2-rail-route-off-track&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Wolmar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bigy-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bigy_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolmar2013" class="citation news cs1">Wolmar, Christian (February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianwolmar.co.uk/2013/02/rail-715-hs2-is-still-a-big-y/">"Rail 715: HS2 is still a big Y"</a>. <i>Rail Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rail+Magazine&rft.atitle=Rail+715%3A+HS2+is+still+a+big+Y&rft.date=2013-02&rft.aulast=Wolmar&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianwolmar.co.uk%2F2013%2F02%2Frail-715-hs2-is-still-a-big-y%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Wolmar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christianwolmar.co.uk/2017/08/why-i-remain-opposed-to-hs2-response-to-ian-walmsley/">"Why I remain opposed to HS2 – response to Ian Walmsley | Christian Wolmar"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+I+remain+opposed+to+HS2+%E2%80%93+response+to+Ian+Walmsley+%26%23124%3B+Christian+Wolmar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianwolmar.co.uk%2F2017%2F08%2Fwhy-i-remain-opposed-to-hs2-response-to-ian-walmsley%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Wolmar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForrest2024" class="citation news cs1">Forrest, Adam (30 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inews.co.uk/news/labour-encouraged-ditch-peak-time-rail-fares-across-u-3301111">"Ditch peak-time rail fares across UK, campaigners say"</a>. <i>The Independent</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Ditch+peak-time+rail+fares+across+UK%2C+campaigners+say&rft.date=2024-09-30&rft.aulast=Forrest&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finews.co.uk%2Fnews%2Flabour-encouraged-ditch-peak-time-rail-fares-across-u-3301111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Wolmar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoldsworth2012" class="citation web cs1">Holdsworth, Rachel (11 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://londonist.com/2012/09/christian-wolmar-throws-his-hat-into-the-2016-mayoral-ring.php">"Christian Wolmar Throws His Hat Into The 2016 Mayoral Ring"</a>. <i>The Londonist</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Londonist&rft.atitle=Christian+Wolmar+Throws+His+Hat+Into+The+2016+Mayoral+Ring&rft.date=2012-09-11&rft.aulast=Holdsworth&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flondonist.com%2F2012%2F09%2Fchristian-wolmar-throws-his-hat-into-the-2016-mayoral-ring.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Wolmar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill2015" class="citation news cs1">Hill, Dave (9 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/davehillblog/2015/feb/09/interview-christian-wolmar-the-outsider-battling-to-be-london-mayor">"Interview: Christian Wolmar, the outsider battling to be London mayor"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i> – via www.theguardian.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Interview%3A+Christian+Wolmar%2C+the+outsider+battling+to+be+London+mayor&rft.date=2015-02-09&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk-news%2Fdavehillblog%2F2015%2Ffeb%2F09%2Finterview-christian-wolmar-the-outsider-battling-to-be-london-mayor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Wolmar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://labourlist.org/2015/03/miliband-urged-to-act-on-housing-and-rail-what-green-surge-and-jowell-still-london-mayoral-favourite/">"Miliband urged to act on housing and rail. What green surge? And Jowell still London Mayoral favourite"</a>. <i>LabourList</i>. 6 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LabourList&rft.atitle=Miliband+urged+to+act+on+housing+and+rail.+What+green+surge%3F+And+Jowell+still+London+Mayoral+favourite&rft.date=2015-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flabourlist.org%2F2015%2F03%2Fmiliband-urged-to-act-on-housing-and-rail-what-green-surge-and-jowell-still-london-mayoral-favourite%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Wolmar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShakespeare2013" class="citation news cs1">Shakespeare, Sebastian (28 November 2013). "Londoner's Diary". <i><a href="/wiki/London_Evening_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="London Evening Standard">London Evening Standard</a></i>. p. 17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=London+Evening+Standard&rft.atitle=Londoner%27s+Diary&rft.pages=17&rft.date=2013-11-28&rft.aulast=Shakespeare&rft.aufirst=Sebastian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Wolmar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holdsworth, Rachel <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://londonist.com/2015/07/christian-wolmar">[1]</a> TheLondonist</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStone2016" class="citation news cs1">Stone, Jon (25 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/only-jeremy-corbyn-will-properly-oppose-the-tories-london-mayor-hopeful-christian-wolmar-says-10470401.html">"Only Jeremy Corbyn will properly oppose the Tories, London Mayor hopeful Christian Wolmar says"</a>. <i>The Independent</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Only+Jeremy+Corbyn+will+properly+oppose+the+Tories%2C+London+Mayor+hopeful+Christian+Wolmar+says&rft.date=2016-08-25&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Fonly-jeremy-corbyn-will-properly-oppose-the-tories-london-mayor-hopeful-christian-wolmar-says-10470401.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Wolmar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCouvée2016" class="citation news cs1">Couvée, Koos (12 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161203001638/http://www.islingtontribune.com/corbyn-aide-rival">"Jeremy Corbyn's former aide: I'm backing Owen Smith in Labour leadership contest"</a>. <i>Islington Tribune</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islingtontribune.com/corbyn-aide-rival">the original</a> on 3 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Islington+Tribune&rft.atitle=Jeremy+Corbyn%27s+former+aide%3A+I%27m+backing+Owen+Smith+in+Labour+leadership+contest&rft.date=2016-08-12&rft.aulast=Couv%C3%A9e&rft.aufirst=Koos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islingtontribune.com%2Fcorbyn-aide-rival&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Wolmar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchofield2016" class="citation news cs1">Schofield, Kevin (6 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161107221640/https://www.politicshome.com/news/uk/political-parties/labour-party/news/80538/excl-labour-election-candidate-christian-wolmar">"Excl. Labour by-election candidate Christian Wolmar called on Jeremy Corbyn to quit"</a>. <i>PoliticsHome</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politicshome.com/news/uk/political-parties/labour-party/news/80538/excl-labour-election-candidate-christian-wolmar">the original</a> on 7 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PoliticsHome&rft.atitle=Excl.+Labour+by-election+candidate+Christian+Wolmar+called+on+Jeremy+Corbyn+to+quit&rft.date=2016-11-06&rft.aulast=Schofield&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politicshome.com%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitical-parties%2Flabour-party%2Fnews%2F80538%2Fexcl-labour-election-candidate-christian-wolmar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Wolmar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc_byelection-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_byelection_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-37885035">"Christian Wolmar to stand for Labour in Richmond Park by-election"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 5 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Christian+Wolmar+to+stand+for+Labour+in+Richmond+Park+by-election&rft.date=2016-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-london-37885035&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Wolmar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Christian_Wolmar_Article_50_2016-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Christian_Wolmar_Article_50_2016_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christian_Wolmar_Article_50_2016_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolmar,_Christian2016" class="citation web cs1">Wolmar, Christian (4 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://labourlist.org/2016/11/richmond-park-prospective-candidate-i-would-vote-against-article-50-in-parliament/">"Richmond Park prospective candidate: I would vote against article 50 in Parliament"</a>. <i>LabourList</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LabourList&rft.atitle=Richmond+Park+prospective+candidate%3A+I+would+vote+against+article+50+in+Parliament&rft.date=2016-11-04&rft.au=Wolmar%2C+Christian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flabourlist.org%2F2016%2F11%2Frichmond-park-prospective-candidate-i-would-vote-against-article-50-in-parliament%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Wolmar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Silvera_2016-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Silvera_2016_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilvera2016" class="citation web cs1">Silvera, Ian (21 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/labour-should-be-party-48-says-pro-eu-richmond-park-candidate-1592538">"Labour should be 'party of the 48%' says pro-EU Richmond Park candidate"</a>. <i>International Business Times UK</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times+UK&rft.atitle=Labour+should+be+%27party+of+the+48%25%27+says+pro-EU+Richmond+Park+candidate&rft.date=2016-11-21&rft.aulast=Silvera&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.co.uk%2Flabour-should-be-party-48-says-pro-eu-richmond-park-candidate-1592538&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Wolmar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraig2016" class="citation news cs1">Craig, Jon (2 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sky.com/story/lib-dem-sarah-olney-wins-richmond-park-by-election-10679630">"Lib Dem Sarah Olney beats Zac Goldsmith in Richmond Park by-election"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/News_UK" title="News UK">News Corporation</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sky+News&rft.atitle=Lib+Dem+Sarah+Olney+beats+Zac+Goldsmith+in+Richmond+Park+by-election&rft.date=2016-12-02&rft.aulast=Craig&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Flib-dem-sarah-olney-wins-richmond-park-by-election-10679630&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Wolmar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Isaaman-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Isaaman_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerald2013" class="citation news cs1">Gerald, Isaaman (14 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161130111147/http://www.camdenreview.com/node/984351">"To the Edge of the World: The Story of the Trans-Siberian Railway by Christian Wolmar"</a>. <i>Camden Review</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.camdenreview.com/node/984351">the original</a> on 30 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Camden+Review&rft.atitle=To+the+Edge+of+the+World%3A+The+Story+of+the+Trans-Siberian+Railway+by+Christian+Wolmar&rft.date=2013-11-14&rft.aulast=Gerald&rft.aufirst=Isaaman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.camdenreview.com%2Fnode%2F984351&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Wolmar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wolmar&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Stagecoach: A Classic Rags-to-Riches Tale from the Frontiers of Capitalism</i> (rev. ed., 1999), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7528-3088-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7528-3088-0">0-7528-3088-0</a></li> <li><i>Forgotten Children: The Secret Abuse Scandal in Children's Homes</i> (2000), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1901250473" title="Special:BookSources/978-1901250473">978-1901250473</a></li> <li><i>Broken Rails: How Privatisation Wrecked Britain's Railways</i> (2001), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85410-857-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-85410-857-3">1-85410-857-3</a></li> <li><i>Down the Tube: The Battle for London's Underground</i> (2002), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85410-872-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-85410-872-7">1-85410-872-7</a></li> <li><i>The Subterranean Railway: How the London Underground Was Built and How It Changed the City Forever</i> (2004, revised 2020), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84354-022-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-84354-022-3">1-84354-022-3</a></li> <li><i>On the Wrong Line: How Ideology and Incompetence Wrecked Britain's Railways</i> (rev. ed. 2005), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85410-998-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-85410-998-7">1-85410-998-7</a> (previously published as <i>Broken Rails</i>)</li> <li><i>Fire And Steam: A New History of the Railways in Britain</i> (2007), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0753156849" title="Special:BookSources/0753156849">0753156849</a></li> <li><i>Blood, Iron and Gold: How The Railway Changed The World Forever</i> (2009), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1848871708" title="Special:BookSources/1848871708">1848871708</a></li> <li><i>Engines Of War: How Wars Were Won & Lost On The Railways</i> (2010), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84887-172-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84887-172-4">978-1-84887-172-4</a></li> <li><i>The Great Railway Revolution: The Epic Story of the American Railroad</i> (2012), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0857890351" title="Special:BookSources/978-0857890351">978-0857890351</a></li> <li><i>On the Wrong Line: How Ideology and Incompetence Wrecked Britain's Railways</i> (ebook, rev. ed. 2012), <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number" title="Amazon Standard Identification Number">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B008GFWHAC">B008GFWHAC</a></li> <li><i>To the Edge of the World: The Story of the Trans-Siberian Express</i> (2013), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0857890375" title="Special:BookSources/978-0857890375">978-0857890375</a></li> <li><i>The Iron Road: The Illustrated History of Railways</i> (2014), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1409347996" title="Special:BookSources/978-1409347996">978-1409347996</a></li> <li><i>Are Trams Socialist?: Why Britain Has No Transport Policy</i> (2016), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1907994562" title="Special:BookSources/978-1907994562">978-1907994562</a></li> <li><i>Railways and The Raj: How the Age of Steam Transformed India</i> (2017), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0857890641" title="Special:BookSources/978-0857890641">978-0857890641</a></li> <li><i>Cathedrals of Steam: How London’s Great Stations Were Built – And How They Transformed the City</i> (2020), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1786499226" title="Special:BookSources/978-1786499226">978-1786499226</a></li> <li><i>The Story of Crossrail: The Whole Story</i> (2022), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1803281247" title="Special:BookSources/978-1803281247">978-1803281247</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wolmar&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianwolmar.co.uk/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/calling-all-stations-the-transport-podcast/id1660263348">Calling All Stations podcast</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2015_London_Labour_Party_mayoral_selection" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2015_Labour_Party_London_mayoral_selection" title="Template:2015 Labour Party London mayoral selection"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:2015_Labour_Party_London_mayoral_selection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:2015 Labour Party London mayoral selection (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2015_Labour_Party_London_mayoral_selection" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2015 Labour Party London mayoral selection"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2015_London_Labour_Party_mayoral_selection" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/2015_London_Labour_Party_mayoral_selection" title="2015 London Labour Party mayoral selection"><span style="color:white">2015 London Labour Party mayoral selection</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E4003B; color:white;;width:1%">Selected</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Sadiq_Khan" title="Sadiq Khan">Sadiq Khan</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E4003B; color:white;;width:1%">Defeated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Abbott" title="Diane Abbott">Diane Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tessa_Jowell" title="Tessa Jowell">Tessa Jowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lammy" title="David Lammy">David Lammy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gareth_Thomas_(English_politician)" title="Gareth Thomas (English politician)">Gareth Thomas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christian Wolmar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E4003B; color:white;;width:1%">Eliminated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Keran Kerai</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neeraj_Patil" title="Neeraj Patil">Neeraj Patil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Squatting_in_England_and_Wales" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Squatting_in_England_and_Wales" title="Template:Squatting in England and Wales"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Squatting_in_England_and_Wales" title="Template talk:Squatting in England and Wales"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Squatting_in_England_and_Wales" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Squatting in England and Wales"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Squatting_in_England_and_Wales" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_England_and_Wales" title="Squatting in England and Wales">Squatting in England and Wales</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diggers" title="Diggers">Diggers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_housing" title="Right to housing">Right to housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%B7_unnos" title="Tŷ unnos">Tŷ unnos</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Squatter symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/CircleN.svg/100px-CircleN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/CircleN.svg/150px-CircleN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/CircleN.svg/200px-CircleN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Squatter groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advisory_Service_for_Squatters" title="Advisory Service for Squatters">Advisory Service for Squatters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da!_collective" title="Da! collective">Da! collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exodus_Collective" title="Exodus Collective">Exodus Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focus_E15" title="Focus E15">Focus E15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grow_Heathrow" title="Grow Heathrow">Grow Heathrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice%3F" title="Justice?">Justice?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Not_Crisis" title="Justice Not Crisis">Justice Not Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Street_Commune" title="London Street Commune">London Street Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_London" title="Occupy London">Occupy London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Really_Free_School" title="Really Free School">Really Free School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiral_Tribe" title="Spiral Tribe">Spiral Tribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatters%27_Action_for_Secure_Homes" title="Squatters' Action for Secure Homes">SQUASH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Land_is_Ours" title="The Land is Ours">The Land is Ours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WOMBLES" title="WOMBLES">WOMBLES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/!Wowow!" title="!Wowow!">!Wowow!</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legalized squats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BASE_(social_centre)" title="BASE (social centre)">BASE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnington_Square" title="Bonnington Square">Bonnington Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frestonia" title="Frestonia">Frestonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Road" title="Villa Road">Villa Road</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former squats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/12_Bar_Club" title="12 Bar Club">12 Bar Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/102_Eaton_Square" title="102 Eaton Square">102 Eaton Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/121_Centre" title="121 Centre">121 Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/491_Gallery" title="491 Gallery">491 Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argyle_Street,_Norwich" title="Argyle Street, Norwich">Argyle Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Ideas" title="Bank of Ideas">Bank of Ideas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Social_Centre" title="Bloomsbury Social Centre">Bloomsbury Social Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardboard_City_(London)" title="Cardboard City (London)">Cardboard City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centro_Iberico" title="Centro Iberico">Centro Iberico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Racing" title="City Racing">City Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hounslow_Community_Land_Project" title="Hounslow Community Land Project">Hounslow Community Land Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Bridge_Ecovillage" title="Kew Bridge Ecovillage">Kew Bridge Ecovillage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndhurst_Way" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndhurst Way">Lyndhurst Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M11_link_road_protest" title="M11 link road protest">M11 link road protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Centre" title="Matilda Centre">Matilda Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medina_House" title="Medina House">Medina House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oval_Mansions" title="Oval Mansions">Oval Mansions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RampART" title="RampART">rampART</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_Surplus_Scheme" title="Spike Surplus Scheme">Spike Surplus Scheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Agnes_Place" title="St Agnes Place">St Agnes Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_House,_London" title="Sutton House, London">Sutton House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titnore_Wood" title="Titnore Wood">Titnore Wood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable squatters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_101ers" title="The 101ers">The 101ers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baron_Bassam" class="mw-redirect" title="Baron Bassam">Baron Bassam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chumbawamba" title="Chumbawamba">Chumbawamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piers_Corbyn" title="Piers Corbyn">Piers Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Dury" title="Ian Dury">Ian Dury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Hallowes" title="Harry Hallowes">Harry Hallowes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_Morris" title="Olive Morris">Olive Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Radford" title="Jim Radford">Jim Radford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sid_Rawle" title="Sid Rawle">Sid Rawle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathcote_Williams" title="Heathcote Williams">Heathcote Williams</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christian Wolmar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal framework</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adverse_possession" title="Adverse possession">Adverse possession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erection_of_Cottages_Act_1588" title="Erection of Cottages Act 1588">Erection of Cottages Act 1588</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Law_Act_1977" title="Criminal Law Act 1977">Criminal Law Act 1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Justice_and_Public_Order_Act_1994" title="Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994">Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Registration_Act_2002" title="Land Registration Act 2002">Land Registration Act 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Aid,_Sentencing_and_Punishment_of_Offenders_Act_2012" title="Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012">Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Linked topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Homelessness in the United Kingdom">Homelessness in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Age_Travellers" class="mw-redirect" title="New Age Travellers">New Age Travellers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_(protest)" title="Occupation (protest)">Occupation (protest)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Sealand" title="Principality of Sealand">Principality of Sealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaim_the_Streets" title="Reclaim the Streets">Reclaim the Streets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanichal" title="Romanichal">Romanichal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-managed_social_centres_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Self-managed social centres in the United Kingdom">Self-managed social centres in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Squatting_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Squatting in the United Kingdom">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5110287#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5110287#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5110287#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000006314108X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/44582081">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJy8prP8hPrWDxvXxm7rbd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1054657246">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n86853633">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15024058j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15024058j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00904817">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36541020">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a 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href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007447943805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14374861">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04089287?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1281577">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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