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#template_submenu ul li a.active{ color:#fff; } .subnav-toggler{ color:#fff; cursor:pointer; } .subnav-toggler .fa{ color:#fff; } .nav-link{ padding:15px 5px; } .nav-wrap #menu-top-mobile{ z-index:999; } .nav-wrap #menu-top-mobile li{ text-align:left; } /*.nav-wrap{ display:none; }*/ .nav-mobile-wrap{ display:block; } .nav-mobile-wrap li{ text-align:left; } .page_subcat_wrap{ /*background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, #616161, #333);*/ padding:0; } #cee_subcat_wrap{ /*background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(1, 1, 1, 0.5), rgba(1, 1, 1, 0.5));*/ } #econlog_subcat_wrap{ /*background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, #616161, #333);*/ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(1, 1, 1, 0.5), rgba(1, 1, 1, 0.3)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2019/03/blog-13.jpg); background-size:cover; background-repeat:no-repeat; background-position: center center; } .page_subcat_wrap .subcat_wrap{ height:45px; max-width:1280px; margin:auto; padding:10px 15px; opacity: 0.68; background-color: #0e1733; 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font-family:Arial; font-weight:600; } .article-img-bg{ width:100%; height:270px; background-repeat:no-repeat; background-size: cover; background-position:top center; position:relative; } .article-img-bg span{ color:#fff; font-size:21px; text-transform:uppercase; font-family:Arial; position:absolute; left:20px; bottom:10px; text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px #000000; } .col3, .col2{ margin-top:40px; } .grow1{ flex-grow:1; } .current-month, .previous-month, .previous-month2, .previous-month3{ width:100%; border:1px solid #979797; background:#d8d8d8; padding:10px; display:flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; text-align:center; } .month-bg{ background-position: center center !important; background-size: cover !important; } /*.class-december{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/December.jpg); } .class-november{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/November.jpg); } .class-october{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/October.jpg); } .class-september{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/September.jpg); } .class-august{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/August.jpg); } .class-july{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/July.jpg); } .class-june{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/June.jpg); } .class-may{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/May.jpg); } .class-april{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/April.jpg); } .class-march{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/March.jpg); } .class-february{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/February.jpg); } .class-january{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/January.jpg); }*/ .section-title{ max-width:1280px; margin:auto; text-align:center; } .boxed-article{ width:100%; margin-right:40px; height:auto; } .section-title h2{ margin:60px auto; font-size:22px; } .section-title h2.featured{ margin:2px auto 50px auto; } .section-title h5{ margin:40px auto 0 auto; } .boxed-article:last-child{ margin-right:0; } .boxed-article .ba-title{ text-align:center; margin:10px 0 40px 0; } .boxed-article .ba-title a{ font-family:Arial; font-size:16px; font-weight:600; color:#000; } .boxed-article img{ width:100%; height:200px; object-fit:cover; } .ul-article{ /*list-style:none;*/ padding-left:20px; height:70%; } .ul-article a, .ul-article li{ font-weight:bold; font-size:16px; color:#000; } .ul-article a:hover{ text-decoration:underline; } .article-issue{ font-weight:600; font-size:24px; color:#fff; text-shadow:2px 2px 4px #000000; } .bio-links a{ display:inline-block; } .econlib_logo span{ display:none !important; } footer h6{ display:none !important; } .torch-text2{ color: #dbecf1 !important; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom:40px; } div.networking{ padding-top:40px; } .torch-text{ margin-bottom:2px; } h2.lined{ display:block; max-width:1280px; width: 100%; text-align: center; border-bottom: 2px solid #72bdca; line-height: 0.1em; margin: 10px auto 40px auto; } h2.lined span { background:#fff; padding:0 10px; } .oak-more-entries{ text-align:center; } #btn-more-entries{ background:#d8d8d8; border:1px solid #979797; padding:10px 60px; margin:20px; color:#000; cursor:pointer; border-radius:10px; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; } .title-category{ padding-top:20px; } .title-category h3{ font-size:16px; } #econtal-page-banner{ display:block !important; padding-bottom:20px; } #econtal-page-banner .col-md-6, #econtal-page-banner .col-md-12, #econtal-page-banner .col-lg-6{ padding-left:0 !important; padding-right:0 !important; } .econtalk-page.econtalk.main-banner:before{ left:0; } .pp-multiple-authors-layout-inline{ font-size:18px; margin-bottom:0; line-height:normal; display:inline-block; } a.author.url{ font-size:18px; line-height:normal; color:#212529; } .card-block .pp-multiple-authors-layout-inline, .card-block a.author.url{ font-size:14px; } .card-title a{ color:#000000; } h2.pp-multiple-authors-layout-inline{ font-weight:normal; } #label_total_shown{ display:none; } .facet_span_ctr, .search_result_facet_counter{ font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style:normal; font-size:14px; color:#27baae; font-weight:bold; cursor:pointer; } /*body{ max-width:1920px; margin:auto; }*/ .econtalk-container{ padding-right:0; padding-left:0; display:block; } #econtalks{ display:block; overflow:auto; } #econtalks .grid-masonry-item{ width:100%; } #econtalk-recent-wrap{ clear:both; margin-bottom:20px; } #econtalk-recent-image{ display:block; width:100%; height:30vh; background-repeat:no-repeat; background-size:cover; background-position:right center; } #econtalk-recent-content{ width:100%; } /*#econtalk-recent-content, #econtalk-recent-image{ float:left; }*/ #wrap-content-head{ background:#0e0c0c; padding:10px; } #wrap-content-body{ padding:20px; background:#f0f0f0; } /*#wrap-content-head span{ color:#72bdca; font-size:22px; font-weight:600; text-transform:uppercase; display:block; margin-bottom:15px }*/ span.wrap-title{ color:#72bdca; font-size:22px; font-weight:700; text-transform:uppercase; display:block; margin-bottom:15px } span.lwe-title{ color:#000; padding:20px 0 0 20px; } span.lwe-related{ padding:20px 0 0 0; } span.newsletter-title{ color:#fff; } .econtalk-archive-titles{ font-size:28px; font-weight:600; } #wrap-content-head h2{ margin-bottom:20px; } #wrap-content-head h2 a{ color:#fff; } .btn_pill{ background:#fff; color:#72bdca; border-radius:25px; border:0; padding:7px 30px; font-weight:600; margin-right:15px; cursor:pointer; text-align:center; display:block; margin-bottom:5px; } .lw_btn_pill{ padding:7px 7px; float:left; margin-left:-20px; border-radius:0; } #twe-date{ font-size:16px; font-weight:bold; } #twe-excerpt{ font-size:18px; font-weight:500; } .econtalk-action-btn{ display:block; width:85%; margin:auto; margin-bottom:5px; text-align:center; color:#fff; padding:15px 40px; border:0; text-transform:uppercase; font-size:16px; /*margin-right:10px;*/ cursor:pointer; border-radius:0; vertical-align:top; } .econtalk-action-btn:hover{ color:#fff; } .btn-listen{ background:#00c29d; } .btn-transcript{ background:#44c3da; } .btn-share{ background:#282e2f; } #wrap-btn-pills{ display:none; margin-bottom:16px; } .lw-col{ width:100%; } #last-week-epi-wrap{ background:#e8fbff; } #newsletter-wrap{ background:#363636; } #newsletter-wrap p{ color: #fff; padding: 20px 0 20px 20px; font-size:34px; line-height:1.2; } #newsletter-wrap form{ display:flex; padding:0 20px 20px 20px } #newsletter-wrap form .email{ width:70%; margin-right:20px; border-radius:0; } #newsletter-wrap form .btn{ width:30%; border-radius:0;; } #lw-image{ width:300px; height:300px; display:block; background-repeat:no-repeat; background-size:cover; background-position:center } #episode-archive-wrap{ background:#adf0ff; padding:20px 60px; } #single-episode-archive-wrap{ padding:20px; } #episode-archive-wrap .lwe-title, #single-episode-archive-wrap .lwe-title, #episode-archive-wrap p, #single-episode-archive-wrap p{ text-align:center; } #episode-archive-wrap p, #single-episode-archive-wrap p{ font-size:20px; font-weight:500; } #single-episode-archive-wrap .lwe-title{ padding:20px 0 0 0; } #featured-guest-wrap{ margin-top:20px; background:#f6f6f6; height:763px; } #lw-article-wrap{ display:blok; padding:0 20px 20px 20px; } #lw-image, #lw-content{ width:100%; } #lw-content p{ font-weight:500; } #lw-content h2 a, #lw-content h2 a:hover{ color:#000; } #econtalk-related-wrap{ background:#fff; padding:0 20px 20px 20px; } #wrap-rel-article a{ color:#000; font-weight:600; } #wrap-rel-article .lw_btn_pill{ color:#72bdca; } #browse-by-wrap{ display:block; } #browse-by-wrap a#bb-guest{ background-image:url(../wp-content/themes/econlib/assets/img/social.png); } #browse-by-wrap a#bb-date{ background-image:url(../wp-content/themes/econlib/assets/img/monthly-calendar.png); } #browse-by-wrap a{ display:block; position:relative; height:45px; width:100%; margin-top:30px; margin-bottom:30px; background-size:cover; } #single-episode-archive-wrap #browse-by-wrap a{ width:100%; height:200px; } #browse-by-wrap span{ position:absolute; bottom:0; color:#fff; background:#241919; font-size:18px; padding:10px; border:0; display:block; width:100%; text-align:center; margin-top:120px; } span.featured-guest-title{ color:#000000; text-align:center; padding-top:20px; } .carousel-control-next, .carousel-control-next:hover, .carousel-control-prev, .carousel-control-prev:hover{ color:#44c3da; } .carousel-indicators li { width: 15px; height: 15px; border-radius: 20px; background-color: rgba(105, 105, 105, 0.5); } .carousel-indicators .active { background-color: #44c3da; } .carousel-item .card a, .carousel-item .card-title{ text-align:center; } .carousel-item .card{ background:none; padding:40px 20px; border:0; } .carousel-item .card-text{ font-size:16px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color:#000; } .carousel-item .card-title{ font-size:21px; font-weight:500; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color:#000; } .carousel-item .card-body{ padding:20px 15%; } span.econ-extra-title, span.past-epi-title{ text-align:center; color:#000; display:block; } span.econ-extra-title{ margin-bottom:0; padding:20px; } span.past-epi-title{ padding:20px; } #bg-wrap-econ-extras{ margin:auto; margin-top:20px; max-width:1230px; background:#f8f6f6; } #econtalk-extras-wrap .card-block, #econtalk-extras-wrap .card-comment, #econtalk-past-epi-wrap .card-block, #econtalk-past-epi-wrap .card-comment{ padding:10px !important; } /*#econtalk-extras-wrap .col-xl-3:first-child{ flex:0 0 50%; max-width:50%; }*/ #econtalk-extras-wrap .col-md-6{ max-width:100%; } #econtalk-extras-wrap h4 a, #econtalk-past-epi-wrap h4 a{ font-weight:600; } #econtalk-extras-wrap .card-block *, #econtalk-past-epi-wrap .card-block *{ font-family:Arial, sans-serif; } #econtalk-past-epi-wrap, .fa-caret-down{ color: #44c3da; } #econtalk-single-podcast-wrap{ display:flex; padding:0; flex-direction:column-reverse; } #podcast-wrap{ width:100%; padding:20px; background:#f0f0f0; display:none; } #podcast-wrap-mobile .clear-fix{ padding:20px; background:#000; } #podcast-wrap-mobile #econtalk-desc-wrap{ padding:20px; } #podcast-wrap-mobile #single-econtalk-title a{ color:#fff; font-size:22px; } #podcast-img{ display:block; width:100%; height:220px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; background-position: right center; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap{ margin-top:20px; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap nav{ background:#fff; margin-top:20px; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap nav a{ margin-left:0; margin-right:5px; margin-bottom:5px; background:#e1e1e1; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap .nav-tabs .nav-link{ color:#000; text-transform:uppercase; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap .nav-tabs .nav-link:hover{ color:#fff; background-color:#231f1f; border-radius:0; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap .nav-tabs .nav-link.active{ color:#fff; background-color:#231f1f; border:0; border-radius:0; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap #nav-tabContent{ width:100%; } #single-econtalk{ width:100%; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap #single-econtalk-tab-sidebar{ width:100%; } #single-econtalk-audio-wrap{ margin:20px 0; } #single-econtalk-title a{ color:#000; } #single-econtalk-date{ font-weight:600; } #single-econtalk-desc{ font-weight:500; } #single-about-the-guest{ padding:20px; margin-bottom:20px; background:#e8fbff; } #single-related-episodes{ padding:20px; } #single-about-the-guest span, #single-related-episodes span{ text-align:center; color:#000; } #single-about-the-guest-img{ text-align:center; margin-bottom:20px; } #single-related-episodes a{ color: #000; font-weight: 600; font-size: 20px; } #econtalk-single-podcast-wrap .btn-transcript, #econtalk-single-podcast-wrap .btn-listen{ display:none; } #single-about-the-guest h5 a{ display:block; text-align:center; color:#00c29d; } #checkbox_toggle{ font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; color: #1ca5e9; cursor:pointer; } .woo_subscribe_now_btn{ background-color: #44c3da; border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: none; border: none; color: #fff !important; font-family: Lato; font-size: 16px; padding:20px 40px; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-transform: uppercase; cursor: pointer; } .woocommerce *{ font-family: Lato !important; } .cart-collaterals{ padding-bottom:40px; } #customer_details .col-1, #customer_details .col-2{ max-width:100%; } #customer_details .form-row{ display:block; } .year-picker .col-8, .year-picker .col-4{ padding-left:0; display:inline-block; max-width:50%; flex:0 0 50%; } .year-picker .row{ padding-bottom:5px; } .year-picker .col-8 h3, .year-picker .col-4 h3{ font-size:14px; font-weight:600; } .dropdown-filter-wrap, .dropdown-filter-wrap2{ width:50%; position:relative; } .dropdown-filter-wrap2{ width:33.33%; } .dropdown-filter-wrap .btn-secondary, .dropdown-filter-wrap2 .btn-secondary{ color:#000; background:none; border:0; font-size:16px; } @media (min-width:768px){ .search_tool_bgwrap{ padding-top:40px; } .main-header{ height:64px; padding:0 20px; } section.main-banner, .navbar-search{ display:block !important; } .lg-nextprev{ display:flex !important; } .article-single-page .card-comment{ display:inline-block !important; } .m-featured-image, .s-nextprev{ display:none; } section.articles-page article .main-content, .card-block .article-content{ display: block !important; } .recent-cards .article-text h4, .card-title-container .card-title{ font-size: 18px; } .recent-cards .article-text h4{ white-space:nowrap !important; } .recent-cards .read-more-btn{ display:inline-block !important; float:right !important; } header .logo{ margin-left:5%; } .search-header{ width:auto; } .articles-page .row .col-md-6{ padding-right:15px; padding-left:15px; } .grid-masonry .col-md-6{ padding-left:15px; padding-right:15px; } article.grid-card .card-block{ min-height:250px !important; } .articles-grid .title-date{ padding:20px; } /* search tool desktop */ .search_tool_wrap{ max-width: 815px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 20px; border-radius: 12px; } .search_tool_wrap form{ padding: 55px 165px 10px 165px; } .search_tool_wrap h4{ font-size: 30px; text-align: center; margin-bottom:32px; } .search_result_article h4{ text-align: left; margin-bottom:5px; } .sp_searchterm_wrap #search_term{ margin-bottom:27px; } .sp_searchterm_wrap #search_term{ font-size:20px; font-weight:500; } .sp_searchterm_wrap .close{ top:10px; } .search_tool_wrap #refine_search{ display:block; width:80%; margin:45px auto 0 auto; padding:14px 50px; font-size:18px; } .search_results h4{ /*display:none;*/ text-align:left; } .sortbytoggle-wrap{ width:41.5%; float:left; margin-right:1%; /*display:block;*/ } .sort-total-wrap{ width:57.5%; float:left; } #results-orderby a{ text-align:left; } #divResultSummary{ display:block; /*justify-content:flex-end;*/ } .page_subcat_wrap{ padding:25px; } .page_subcat_wrap .subcat_wrap .oakcol{ display:block; width:50%; float:left; padding:10px 15px; } .page_subcat_wrap .subcat_wrap{ padding:30px; height:auto; } .page_subcat_wrap .subcat_wrap .oakcol a{ /*text-align:center;*/ font-size:18px; color:#fff; } .page_subcat_wrap .subcat_wrap .oakcol a.active-subcat{ color:#4a90e2; } .page_subcat_wrap .subcat_wrap .oakcol a.active-subcat::before{ content:"> "; } .page_subcat_wrap .subcat_wrap h4{ display:block; } .subcat{ display:none; } .page_subcat_wrap .subcat_wrap{ /*overflow-y:scroll;*/ } /*.grey-section{ padding:40px 0 100px 0; }*/ .div-container{ display:flex; } .section-title h2{ font-size:32px; } .boxed-article .ba-title{ margin:25px 0 0 0; } #cee_subcat_wrap{ /*background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(1, 1, 1, 0.5), rgba(1, 1, 1, 0.3)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2021/08/image-3.png); background-size:cover; background-repeat:no-repeat; background-position: bottom center;*/ } #label_total_shown{ display:inline-block; } .sortbytoggle-wrap, #results-orderby{ background:#4a90e2; } .results-header{ background:none; } } .category-list .category-card{ margin-bottom:0; } html { scroll-behavior: smooth; } @media (min-width:992px){ .article-single-page section .post-content .highlight{ float:right; margin: 20px 0 20px 20px; width:220px; } .mobile-related{ display:none; } .desktop-related{ display:block; } .econtalk-container{ display:flex; padding-right:15px; padding-left:15px; } #econtalk-extras-wrap .col-xl-3:first-child{ flex:0 0 50%; max-width:50%; } #econtalk-recent-image{ height:auto; width:40%; } #econtalk-recent-content{ width:60%; } #econtalk-recent-content, #econtalk-recent-image{ float:left; } #wrap-content-head{ padding:40px 40px 20px 40px; } #wrap-content-body{ padding:40px; } .btn_pill{ display:inline-block; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; } .econtalk-action-btn{ display:inline-block; margin-bottom:0; width:auto; text-align:left; } .lw-col{ width:50%; } .lw-col:first-child{ margin-right:20px; } #lw-article-wrap{ display:flex; } #lw-image{ display:block; width:45%; } #lw-content{ width:55%; margin-left:10px; } #browse-by-wrap{ display:flex; } #single-episode-archive-wrap #browse-by-wrap a:first-child{ margin-right:5%; } #browse-by-wrap a:first-child{ margin-right:8%; } #browse-by-wrap a{ height:225px; width:46%; } #econtalks .grid-masonry-item{ width:305px; float:left; } #econtalk-single-podcast-wrap{ display:flex; flex-direction:row; } #podcast-wrap-mobile{ display:none; } #podcast-wrap{ display:block; float:left; width:60%; padding:40px; } #podcast-img{ float:left; width:40%; height:auto; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap #nav-tabContent{ width:60%; float:left; padding:20px !important; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap #single-econtalk-tab-sidebar{ width:40%; float:left; padding:20px !important; } #single-episode-archive-wrap #browse-by-wrap div{ width:43%; } #wrap-btn-pills{ display:block; } .econtalk-archive-titles{ font-size:32px; } #econtalk-related-wrap{ background:none; } .lw_btn_pill{ float:right; border-radius:25px; margin-right:0; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap nav a{ margin-left:15px; margin-right:15px; margin-bottom:0; background:#fff; } /*#econtalk-single-podcast-wrap .btn-transcript, #econtalk-single-podcast-wrap .btn-listen{ display:inline-block; }*/ } @media (min-width:1180px){ .econlib_logo, .econlib_logo span{ display:block; } header 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href="https://www.econlib.org/slavery-compensation-and-the-limits-of-economics/" title="Slavery, Compensation, and the Limits of Economics" style="background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/slave-trade.jpg);" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-5"> <p class="ef_category d-none d-lg-block">Featured Post</p> <h1 class="efp_h1"><a href="https://www.econlib.org/slavery-compensation-and-the-limits-of-economics/" title="Slavery, Compensation, and the Limits of Economics" target="_blank">Slavery, Compensation, and the Limits of Economics</a></h1> <div class="efp_author">By Janet Bufton | Nov 22 2024</div> <div class="efp_excerpt">A recent virtual reading group explored “what ifs” around the Reconstruction period. One avenue we explored was whether monetary compensation could have prevented the U.S. Civil War. The British compensated slaveholders in 1837 after the 1833 abolition of slavery. In 1862 the United States paid loyal slaveholders $300 per enslaved person freed as compensation for ...</div> <p> <a class='btn efp_btn' href="https://www.econlib.org/slavery-compensation-and-the-limits-of-economics/" target="_blank">More</a> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/slavery-compensation-and-the-limits-of-economics/#comments" class="pull-right econ_mf_cc" target="_blank">7 Comments</a> </p> </div> <div class="dt-efpi-wrap col-12 col-lg-7 d-none d-lg-block"> <a class="efpi" href="https://www.econlib.org/slavery-compensation-and-the-limits-of-economics/" title="Slavery, Compensation, and the Limits of Economics" style="background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/slave-trade.jpg);" target="_blank"></a> </div> </div> <div class="el-relpost-wrap row py-5"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-8"> <p class="erp_cat">Related Post</p> <h2 class="erp_h2"> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/build-baby-build-to-fight-climate-change/" title="Build, Baby, Build To Fight Climate Change" target="_blank">Build, Baby, Build To Fight Climate Change</a> </h2> <p class="erp_author">By Art Carden | Nov 20 2024</p> <p class="erp_excerpt">The climate is getting hotter, and people are contributing to the change. What should we do about it? Many people think they’re fighting climate change and keeping the environment pristine by prohibiting development on huge chunks of land in California and otherwise making it prohibitively costly to build there. They’re wrong. Building restrictions in California .. <a class="a_more_link" target="_blank" href="https://www.econlib.org/build-baby-build-to-fight-climate-change/">MORE</a></p> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-4"> <p class="erp_cat">Featured Comment</p> <div class="econ_sel_comment"> <p>The fundamental moral question regarding price gouging is whether it's morally permissible for a seller to hold out for the highest price that the market will bear at that moment--or whether a seller ought morally..</p> <p>Andrew M, November 15</p> </div> <div class="join-disc text-right"> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/slavery-compensation-and-the-limits-of-economics/#comments" target="_blank">Join the Discussion ></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row econlog_row_wrap"> <div class="col econlog_lcol"> <div class="emr_wrap"> <h2>Most Recent</h2> <div class="econ_mr_items"> <p class="econ_mr_category">Economic and Political Philosophy</p> <h4><a href="https://www.econlib.org/are-chatbots-willing-to-lie-for-the-president/" title="Are Chatbots Willing to Lie for the President?" target="_blank">Are Chatbots Willing to Lie for the President?</a></h4> <p class="econ_mr_author"> <strong>By Pierre Lemieux</strong> | Nov 28, 2024 | <span class="card-comment"><span class="card-comment-count">7</span><i class="fa card-comment-icon" aria-hidden="true"></i></span> </p> <p>I ran an experiment with a few AI chatbots on a matter of truth and lies. We know that a presidential and a vice-presidential candidate in the November election repeated rumors (including in a presidential debate) to the effect that, in Springfield, Ohio, Haitian immigrants were taking and eating pets of “the people that live .. <a class="a_more_link" target="_blank" href="https://www.econlib.org/are-chatbots-willing-to-lie-for-the-president/">MORE</a></p> </div> <div class="econ_mr_items"> <p class="econ_mr_category">Energy, Environment, Resources</p> <h4><a href="https://www.econlib.org/you-cannot-have-everything/" title="You cannot have everything" target="_blank">You cannot have everything</a></h4> <p class="econ_mr_author"> <strong>By Scott Sumner</strong> | Nov 27, 2024 | <span class="card-comment"><span class="card-comment-count">6</span><i class="fa card-comment-icon" aria-hidden="true"></i></span> </p> <p>Opportunity cost is arguably the most important concept in all of economics. 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of posts by author last name</a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="site-container econ_page"> <div class="row econ_taxsel_row"> <h2>Book Club</h2> <div class="flexbox"> <div class="flexbox-item"> <p class="fa_category">Energy, Environment, Resources</p> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/my-weekly-reading-for-november-24-2024/" target="_blank" title="My Weekly Reading for November 24, 2024" class='fa_feat_img' style="background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/zumaamericasfortyfour649483-2400x1350.jpg-300x169.webp);"></a> <h4> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/my-weekly-reading-for-november-24-2024/" target="_blank" title="My Weekly Reading for November 24, 2024">My Weekly Reading for November 24, 2024</a> <span class="card-comment"><span class="card-comment-count">7</span><i class="fa card-comment-icon" aria-hidden="true"></i></span> </h4> <p class="econ_mr_author"><strong></strong></p> <p>Half of Ukrainians Want Quick, Negotiated End to War by Benedict Vipers, Gallup, November 19, 2024. Excerpt: After more than two years of grinding conflict, Ukrainians are increasingly weary of the war with Russia. In Gallup’s latest surveys of Ukraine, conducted in August and October 2024, an average of 52% of Ukrainians would like to .. <a class="a_more_link" target="_blank" href="https://www.econlib.org/my-weekly-reading-for-november-24-2024/">MORE</a></p> </div> <div class="flexbox-item"> <p class="fa_category">Uncategorized</p> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/a-strange-turning-point/" target="_blank" title="A Strange Turning Point" class='fa_feat_img' style="background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/turning-point-300x225.jpg);"></a> <h4> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/a-strange-turning-point/" target="_blank" title="A Strange Turning Point">A Strange Turning Point</a> <span class="card-comment"><span class="card-comment-count">6</span><i class="fa card-comment-icon" aria-hidden="true"></i></span> </h4> <p class="econ_mr_author"><strong></strong></p> <p>I enjoy reading intellectual biographies – books dedicated to exploring how a particular person’s thinking evolved and developed through their lifetime. This, too, applies to intellectual autobiographies, where thinkers describe their own journey about how they came to believe what they believe. Of course, all such accounts should be taken with a pinch of salt. .. <a class="a_more_link" target="_blank" href="https://www.econlib.org/a-strange-turning-point/">MORE</a></p> </div> <div class="flexbox-item"> <p class="fa_category">Books: Reviews and Suggested Readings</p> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/we-at-100/" target="_blank" title="<i>We</i> at 100" class='fa_feat_img' style="background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Russian-Revolution-300x157.jpg);"></a> <h4> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/we-at-100/" target="_blank" title="<i>We</i> at 100"><i>We</i> at 100</a> <span class="card-comment"><span class="card-comment-count">1</span><i class="fa card-comment-icon" aria-hidden="true"></i></span> </h4> <p class="econ_mr_author"><strong></strong></p> <p>The 20th century produced fictional dystopias besides real ones, yet the best known – like George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four – originated in liberal democracies. All, however, owe much to a novel from one from one of the real dystopias, We, by the Soviet Union’s Yevgeny Zamyatin. Born in 1887, Zamyatin became a Bolshevik while a .. <a class="a_more_link" target="_blank" href="https://www.econlib.org/we-at-100/">MORE</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="site-container econ_page"> <div class="row econ_ft_carousel"> <h2>Featured Topics</h2> <div class="owl-wrapper"><div id="carousel-70391" class="owl-carousel owl-theme"><div class="item"><div class="item-inner"><img data-src="https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Robot-reading-Buchanan-retouched-300x171-267x152.jpg" class="carousel-image owl-lazy" alt="DALL-E reading a good book about ethics in a free society"/><h4>Are Chatbots Willing to Lie for the President?</h4>I ran an experiment with a few AI chatbots on a matter of truth and lies. We know that a presidential and a vice-presidential candidate in the November election repeated...<p class="owl-btn-wrapper"><a href="https://www.econlib.org/are-chatbots-willing-to-lie-for-the-president/" class="carousel-button btn btn-primary" style="display: inline-block;">More</a></p></div></div><div class="item"><div class="item-inner"><img data-src="https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/600px-West_Texas_Pumpjack-300x225-203x152.jpg" class="carousel-image owl-lazy" alt=""/><h4>The Wall Street Journal’s Misleading Subhead About Oil Companies</h4>“Trump’s Oil and Gas Donor Don’t Really Want to ‘Drill, Baby, Drill’“. That’s the headline in a Wall Street Journal news story on November 22 about how U.S. oil and...<p class="owl-btn-wrapper"><a href="https://www.econlib.org/the-wall-street-journals-misleading-subhead-about-oil-companies/" class="carousel-button btn btn-primary" style="display: inline-block;">More</a></p></div></div><div class="item"><div class="item-inner"><img data-src="https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/slave-trade-300x209-218x152.jpg" class="carousel-image owl-lazy" alt=""/><h4>Slavery, Compensation, and the Limits of Economics</h4>A recent virtual reading group explored “what ifs” around the Reconstruction period. One avenue we explored was whether monetary compensation could have prevented the U.S. Civil War. The British compensated...<p class="owl-btn-wrapper"><a href="https://www.econlib.org/slavery-compensation-and-the-limits-of-economics/" class="carousel-button btn btn-primary" style="display: inline-block;">More</a></p></div></div><div class="item"><div class="item-inner"><img data-src="https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-20-at-2.03.13-PM-300x140-298x139.png" class="carousel-image owl-lazy" alt=""/><h4>Is California turning to the right?</h4>Recent referenda on the minimum wage produced some striking results: The California proposal to raise the minimum wage to $18 an hour in steps by 2026 narrowly failed, 51%-49%. Opponents...<p class="owl-btn-wrapper"><a href="https://www.econlib.org/is-california-turning-to-the-right/" class="carousel-button btn btn-primary" style="display: inline-block;">More</a></p></div></div><div class="item"><div class="item-inner"><img data-src="https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-09-at-2.41.53-PM-300x159-287x152.png" class="carousel-image owl-lazy" alt=""/><h4>Do we understand elections?</h4>The media is full of analyses as to why Donald Trump defeated Kamala Harris in the recent election. At various times, I’ve mentioned factors like voter frustration over high inflation,...<p class="owl-btn-wrapper"><a href="https://www.econlib.org/do-we-understand-elections/" class="carousel-button btn btn-primary" style="display: inline-block;">More</a></p></div></div><div class="item"><div class="item-inner"><img data-src="https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2022-02-13-at-1.00.03-PM-300x196-233x152.png" class="carousel-image owl-lazy" alt=""/><h4>The Importance of Principles</h4>Given a choice between the rule of law and the law of rulers, I’d choose the former every time. That’s even true if I happen to agree with the ideology...<p class="owl-btn-wrapper"><a href="https://www.econlib.org/the-importance-of-principles/" class="carousel-button btn btn-primary" style="display: inline-block;">More</a></p></div></div><div class="item"><div class="item-inner"><img data-src="https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-14-at-6.12.53-PM-300x149-298x148.png" class="carousel-image owl-lazy" alt=""/><h4>Peace for Our Time?</h4>In September, 1938, British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain struck a deal with Adolph Hitler. Britain (and France) would allow Germany to seize the parts of Czechoslovakia that were inhabited by...<p class="owl-btn-wrapper"><a href="https://www.econlib.org/peace-for-our-time/" class="carousel-button btn btn-primary" style="display: inline-block;">More</a></p></div></div><div class="item"><div class="item-inner"><img data-src="https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DALLE-noses2-300x171-267x152.jpeg" class="carousel-image owl-lazy" alt="Counting noses"/><h4>Fifty Percent Plus One Is Not a License to Kill</h4>Winning an election with 50% plus a few (or many) voters does not imply the normative conclusion that the winner is justified to impose policies that significantly harm the other...<p class="owl-btn-wrapper"><a href="https://www.econlib.org/fifty-percent-plus-one-is-not-a-license-to-kill/" class="carousel-button btn btn-primary" style="display: inline-block;">More</a></p></div></div><div class="item"><div class="item-inner"><img data-src="https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-13-at-7.43.35-PM-300x285-160x152.png" class="carousel-image owl-lazy" alt=""/><h4>The Importance of Diminishing Returns</h4>In graduate school, I recall a professor suggesting that the rational expectations revolution would eventually lead to much better models of the macroeconomy. I was skeptical, and in my view,...<p class="owl-btn-wrapper"><a href="https://www.econlib.org/the-importance-of-diminishing-returns/" class="carousel-button btn btn-primary" style="display: inline-block;">More</a></p></div></div><div class="item"><div class="item-inner"><img data-src="https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-09-at-2.41.53-PM-300x159-287x152.png" class="carousel-image owl-lazy" alt=""/><h4>The Market Reaction to the Election</h4>A throwaway comment at the end of my previous post may have been misunderstood. So today I’ll provide a more complete interpretation of the market response to the recent election....<p class="owl-btn-wrapper"><a href="https://www.econlib.org/the-market-reaction-to-the-election/" class="carousel-button btn btn-primary" style="display: inline-block;">More</a></p></div></div></div></div> </div> </section> <section class="site-container home_page"> <div class="row home_brsr_row"> <h2>Book Reviews and Suggested Readings</h2> <div class="flexbox"> <div class="flexbox-item"> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/mingardigorsuchnitze.html" target="_blank" title="Freedom and the Lawmakers" class='brsr_feat_img' style="background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Depositphotos_183025426_S-300x200.jpg);"></a> <div class='brsr_desc'> <h4><a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/mingardigorsuchnitze.html" target="_blank" title="Freedom and the Lawmakers">Freedom and the Lawmakers</a></h4> <p class="brsr_author">By Alberto Mingardi</p> <p>A Book Review of Over Ruled: The Human Toll of Too Much Law, by Neil Gorsuch and Janie Nitze.1 Liberties, Thomas Hobbes wrote, “depend on the silence of the law.” Nowadays the law is very chatty. Here are three examples from the new book by Supreme Court Justice Neil Gorsuch and Janie Nitze, Over Ruled: .. <a class="a_more_link" target="_blank" href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/mingardigorsuchnitze.html">MORE</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="flexbox-item"> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/gundermaneconomicjoy.html" target="_blank" title="Joy in Economics… and Tolstoy?" class='brsr_feat_img' style="background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Кадр_из_фильма_Анна_Каренина_1914_перешедший_в_общественное_достояние-300x223.jpg);"></a> <div class='brsr_desc'> <h4><a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/gundermaneconomicjoy.html" target="_blank" title="Joy in Economics… and Tolstoy?">Joy in Economics… and Tolstoy?</a></h4> <p class="brsr_author">By Richard Gunderman</p> <p>Frontispiece, Anna Karenina, by Leo Tolstoy. This article was inspired by a recent Virtual Reading Group on Leo Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina, led by Richard Gunderman. Learn more about our Virtual Reading Groups at the Online Library of Liberty. To what field of study would a thoughtful person look to find more joy in life? For .. <a class="a_more_link" target="_blank" href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/gundermaneconomicjoy.html">MORE</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="flexbox-item"> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/Columns/y2019/HaeffeleHobsonbureaucracy.html" target="_blank" title="Inside Leviathan: Lessons from Gordon Tullock’s <em>Bureaucracy</em>" class='brsr_feat_img' style="background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/LFBooks-300x156.jpg);"></a> <div class='brsr_desc'> <h4><a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/Columns/y2019/HaeffeleHobsonbureaucracy.html" target="_blank" title="Inside Leviathan: Lessons from Gordon Tullock’s <em>Bureaucracy</em>">Inside Leviathan: Lessons from Gordon Tullock’s <em>Bureaucracy</em></a></h4> <p class="brsr_author">By Stefanie Haeffele and Anne Hobson</p> <p>Bureaucracy has a reputation of being a ‘necessary evil’ in modern western society. We are quick to blame bureaucracy for long waits at the DMV [Department of Motor Vehicles], lengthy approval processes for building permits, and for the piles of paperwork at work. Bureaucracy is the source of mandatory workplace trainings and the reason for .. <a class="a_more_link" target="_blank" href="https://www.econlib.org/library/Columns/y2019/HaeffeleHobsonbureaucracy.html">MORE</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="flexbox-item"> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/cardenschoeckenvy.html" target="_blank" title="Helmut Schoeck’s <em>Envy: A Theory of Social Behaviour</em>" class='brsr_feat_img' style="background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/9xdx8WZM-300x153.jpeg);"></a> <div class='brsr_desc'> <h4><a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/cardenschoeckenvy.html" target="_blank" title="Helmut Schoeck’s <em>Envy: A Theory of Social Behaviour</em>">Helmut Schoeck’s <em>Envy: A Theory of Social Behaviour</em></a></h4> <p class="brsr_author">By Art Carden</p> <p>A Liberty Classic Book Review of Envy: A Theory of Social Behaviour by Helmut Schoeck.1 I’ve been such a fool, Vassili. Man will always be man. There is no new man. We tried so hard to create a society that is equal, where there’d be nothing to envy your neighbor. But there’s always something to .. <a class="a_more_link" target="_blank" href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/cardenschoeckenvy.html">MORE</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <footer> <div class="site-container"> <div class="row footer-row-1"> <div class="col-1 footer-logo-wrap"> <img src="https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/themes/econlib/assets/icons/torch-icon.svg" width="80" height="120"> <h4>Econlib</h4> </div> <div class="col-2 footer-description"> <h4>The Library of Economics and Liberty</h4> <h3>Liberty Fund, Inc.</h3> <p>11301 N. 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