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margin-bottom:20px; padding:10px 0; } .search_result_article .col-6{ padding:0; } .search_result_title a{ color:#1ca5e9; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; } .search_result_content, .sr_meta{ font-size:14px; } .search_result_cat{ font-weight:600; } .search_result_year{ font-style:italic; } .search_tool_wrap #refine_search{ cursor: pointer; } .search_result_content b{ background-color:#FFFF00; } .preloader_wrap{ margin-top:20px; padding:0 20px; position: relative; height:20px; width:100%; overflow:hidden; } .slider{ position:absolute; width:100%; height:5px; overflow-x: hidden; display:none; } .line{ position:absolute; opacity: 0.5; background:#acece6; width:100%; height:5px; } .subline{ position:absolute; background:#26a69a; height:5px; } .inc{ animation: increase 2s infinite; } .dec{ animation: decrease 2s 0.5s infinite; } .sortby-toggle{ text-transform:capitalize; } span.badge.new { font-weight: 300; font-size: 12px; color: #fff; background-color: #26a69a; border-radius: 2px; margin-right:5px; margin-bottom:5px; padding:5px; cursor:pointer; } #divResultSummary{ /*display:block;*/ display:none; margin-top:10px; } @keyframes increase { from { left: -5%; width: 5%; } to { left: 130%; width: 100%;} } @keyframes decrease { from { left: -80%; width: 80%; } to { left: 110%; width: 10%;} } .clear-fix{ clear:both; } .clear-fix::after { content: " "; display: block; height: 0; clear: both; } /* 2nd level menu */ ul.dropdown-menu{ background:#72bdca; position:absolute !important; /*width:100%;*/ text-align:center !important; padding:0; left:auto; } ul.dropdown-menu li a{ font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold; font-size:16px; line-height:16px; padding:10px 5px; } ul.dropdown-menu li a:hover{ color:#fff; } .dropdown-menu a:before{ content:none !important; } .dropdown-item:focus, .dropdown-item:hover{ background:#72bdca; } .nav-main .nav-item:hover{ background:none; } .navbar.nav-main .nav-item.menu-with-icon a:before{ content: none; } nav{ background:#000; line-height:45px; } nav a{ font-family: Arial; font-size:16px; font-weight:bold; color:#9497a6; } .menu-toggle{ float:left; } .econlib_logo{ float:left; text-align:left; margin-bottom:7px; } .econlib_logo span{ display:none; color:#fff; font-size:12px; margin-left:5px; text-align:left; display:none; } .main-header{ padding:20px 8px; display:flex; align-items:center; position:relative; } .logo-wrap{ flex-grow:1; } .nav-wrap{ flex-grow:2; } .search-wrap{ flex-grow:1; } .fa-bars{ font-size:30px; } .fa-search:before{ font-size:25px; } /***********************/ header{ overflow:visible; } .navbar{ position:absolute; top:100%; left:0; z-index:99; width:100% } header .navbar-toggler{ display:block; } #menu-top-menu .menu-item{ text-align:left; } .sp-srpc{ border:0; border-radius:5px; background:#27a79a; color:#fff; padding:5px 20px; display:inline-block; cursor:pointer; } .jump_to_page{ padding: 6px; background: #27a79a; color: #fff; border-radius: 5px; border: 0; } #template_submenu{ 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#menu-top-mobile li{ text-align:left; } /*.nav-wrap{ display:none; }*/ .nav-mobile-wrap{ display:block; } .nav-mobile-wrap li{ text-align:left; } .page_subcat_wrap{ /*background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, #616161, #333);*/ padding:0; } #cee_subcat_wrap{ /*background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(1, 1, 1, 0.5), rgba(1, 1, 1, 0.5));*/ } #econlog_subcat_wrap{ /*background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, #616161, #333);*/ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(1, 1, 1, 0.5), rgba(1, 1, 1, 0.3)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2019/03/blog-13.jpg); background-size:cover; background-repeat:no-repeat; background-position: center center; } .page_subcat_wrap .subcat_wrap{ height:45px; max-width:1280px; margin:auto; padding:10px 15px; opacity: 0.68; background-color: #0e1733; /*max-height:450px;*/ /*overflow-y:hidden;*/ } .subcat_wrap::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 12px; } .subcat_wrap::-webkit-scrollbar-track { -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.5); } 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h4{font-size:18px;} .grey-section{ background:#d8d8d8; margin-bottom:10px; padding:40px 20px 100px 20px; } .grey-section:last-of-type{ margin-bottom:0; } .div-container{ display:block; max-width:1280px; margin:auto; padding:10px; } .article-second-container, .video-container{ display:block !important; } .article-second-container .div-item{ width:100%; height:auto !important; } .video-container .div-item{ width:100%; height:auto !important; } .div-item{ /*border:1px solid #000;*/ height:280px; margin-right:25px; margin-bottom:10px; display:block; color:#212529; } .div-item:hover, .div-item:active{ color:#212529; } .div-item:last-child{ margin-right:0; } .div-item-content{ padding:20px 0; min-height:280px; } .video-container .div-item-content{ min-height:170px; } .div-item-content a{ color:#000; font-size:24px; font-family:Arial; font-weight:600; } .article-img-bg{ width:100%; height:270px; background-repeat:no-repeat; background-size: cover; background-position:top center; position:relative; } .article-img-bg span{ color:#fff; font-size:21px; text-transform:uppercase; font-family:Arial; position:absolute; left:20px; bottom:10px; text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px #000000; } .col3, .col2{ margin-top:40px; } .grow1{ flex-grow:1; } .current-month, .previous-month, .previous-month2, .previous-month3{ width:100%; border:1px solid #979797; background:#d8d8d8; padding:10px; display:flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; text-align:center; } .month-bg{ background-position: center center !important; background-size: cover !important; } /*.class-december{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/December.jpg); } .class-november{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/November.jpg); } .class-october{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/October.jpg); } .class-september{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/September.jpg); } .class-august{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/August.jpg); } .class-july{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/July.jpg); } .class-june{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/June.jpg); } .class-may{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/May.jpg); } .class-april{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/April.jpg); } .class-march{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/March.jpg); } .class-february{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/February.jpg); } .class-january{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/January.jpg); }*/ .section-title{ max-width:1280px; margin:auto; text-align:center; } .boxed-article{ width:100%; margin-right:40px; height:auto; } .section-title h2{ margin:60px auto; font-size:22px; } .section-title h2.featured{ margin:2px auto 50px auto; } .section-title h5{ margin:40px auto 0 auto; } .boxed-article:last-child{ margin-right:0; } .boxed-article .ba-title{ text-align:center; margin:10px 0 40px 0; } .boxed-article .ba-title a{ font-family:Arial; font-size:16px; font-weight:600; color:#000; } .boxed-article img{ width:100%; height:200px; object-fit:cover; } .ul-article{ /*list-style:none;*/ padding-left:20px; height:70%; } .ul-article a, .ul-article li{ font-weight:bold; font-size:16px; color:#000; } .ul-article a:hover{ text-decoration:underline; } .article-issue{ font-weight:600; font-size:24px; color:#fff; text-shadow:2px 2px 4px #000000; } .bio-links a{ display:inline-block; } .econlib_logo span{ display:none !important; } footer h6{ display:none !important; } .torch-text2{ color: #dbecf1 !important; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom:40px; } div.networking{ padding-top:40px; } .torch-text{ margin-bottom:2px; } h2.lined{ display:block; max-width:1280px; width: 100%; text-align: center; border-bottom: 2px solid #72bdca; line-height: 0.1em; margin: 10px auto 40px auto; } h2.lined span { background:#fff; padding:0 10px; } .oak-more-entries{ text-align:center; } #btn-more-entries{ background:#d8d8d8; border:1px solid #979797; padding:10px 60px; margin:20px; color:#000; cursor:pointer; border-radius:10px; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; } .title-category{ padding-top:20px; } .title-category h3{ font-size:16px; } #econtal-page-banner{ display:block !important; padding-bottom:20px; } #econtal-page-banner .col-md-6, #econtal-page-banner .col-md-12, #econtal-page-banner .col-lg-6{ padding-left:0 !important; padding-right:0 !important; } .econtalk-page.econtalk.main-banner:before{ left:0; } .pp-multiple-authors-layout-inline{ font-size:18px; margin-bottom:0; line-height:normal; display:inline-block; } a.author.url{ font-size:18px; line-height:normal; color:#212529; } .card-block .pp-multiple-authors-layout-inline, .card-block a.author.url{ font-size:14px; } .card-title a{ color:#000000; } h2.pp-multiple-authors-layout-inline{ font-weight:normal; } #label_total_shown{ display:none; } .facet_span_ctr, .search_result_facet_counter{ font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style:normal; font-size:14px; color:#27baae; font-weight:bold; cursor:pointer; } /*body{ max-width:1920px; margin:auto; }*/ .econtalk-container{ padding-right:0; padding-left:0; display:block; } #econtalks{ display:block; overflow:auto; } #econtalks .grid-masonry-item{ width:100%; } #econtalk-recent-wrap{ clear:both; margin-bottom:20px; } #econtalk-recent-image{ display:block; width:100%; height:30vh; background-repeat:no-repeat; background-size:cover; background-position:right center; } #econtalk-recent-content{ width:100%; } /*#econtalk-recent-content, #econtalk-recent-image{ float:left; }*/ #wrap-content-head{ background:#0e0c0c; padding:10px; } #wrap-content-body{ padding:20px; background:#f0f0f0; } /*#wrap-content-head span{ color:#72bdca; font-size:22px; font-weight:600; text-transform:uppercase; display:block; margin-bottom:15px }*/ span.wrap-title{ color:#72bdca; font-size:22px; font-weight:700; text-transform:uppercase; display:block; margin-bottom:15px } span.lwe-title{ color:#000; padding:20px 0 0 20px; } span.lwe-related{ padding:20px 0 0 0; } span.newsletter-title{ color:#fff; } .econtalk-archive-titles{ font-size:28px; font-weight:600; } #wrap-content-head h2{ margin-bottom:20px; } #wrap-content-head h2 a{ color:#fff; } .btn_pill{ background:#fff; color:#72bdca; border-radius:25px; border:0; padding:7px 30px; font-weight:600; margin-right:15px; cursor:pointer; text-align:center; display:block; margin-bottom:5px; } .lw_btn_pill{ padding:7px 7px; float:left; margin-left:-20px; border-radius:0; } #twe-date{ font-size:16px; font-weight:bold; } #twe-excerpt{ font-size:18px; font-weight:500; } .econtalk-action-btn{ display:block; width:85%; margin:auto; margin-bottom:5px; text-align:center; color:#fff; padding:15px 40px; border:0; text-transform:uppercase; font-size:16px; /*margin-right:10px;*/ cursor:pointer; border-radius:0; vertical-align:top; } .econtalk-action-btn:hover{ color:#fff; } .btn-listen{ background:#00c29d; } .btn-transcript{ background:#44c3da; } .btn-share{ background:#282e2f; } #wrap-btn-pills{ display:none; margin-bottom:16px; } .lw-col{ width:100%; } #last-week-epi-wrap{ background:#e8fbff; } #newsletter-wrap{ background:#363636; } #newsletter-wrap p{ color: #fff; padding: 20px 0 20px 20px; font-size:34px; line-height:1.2; } #newsletter-wrap form{ display:flex; padding:0 20px 20px 20px } #newsletter-wrap form .email{ width:70%; margin-right:20px; border-radius:0; } #newsletter-wrap form .btn{ width:30%; border-radius:0;; } #lw-image{ width:300px; height:300px; display:block; background-repeat:no-repeat; background-size:cover; background-position:center } #episode-archive-wrap{ background:#adf0ff; padding:20px 60px; } #single-episode-archive-wrap{ padding:20px; } #episode-archive-wrap .lwe-title, #single-episode-archive-wrap .lwe-title, #episode-archive-wrap p, #single-episode-archive-wrap p{ text-align:center; } #episode-archive-wrap p, #single-episode-archive-wrap p{ font-size:20px; font-weight:500; } #single-episode-archive-wrap .lwe-title{ padding:20px 0 0 0; } #featured-guest-wrap{ margin-top:20px; background:#f6f6f6; height:763px; } #lw-article-wrap{ display:blok; padding:0 20px 20px 20px; } #lw-image, #lw-content{ width:100%; } #lw-content p{ font-weight:500; } #lw-content h2 a, #lw-content h2 a:hover{ color:#000; } #econtalk-related-wrap{ background:#fff; padding:0 20px 20px 20px; } #wrap-rel-article a{ color:#000; font-weight:600; } #wrap-rel-article .lw_btn_pill{ color:#72bdca; } #browse-by-wrap{ display:block; } #browse-by-wrap a#bb-guest{ background-image:url(../wp-content/themes/econlib/assets/img/social.png); } #browse-by-wrap a#bb-date{ background-image:url(../wp-content/themes/econlib/assets/img/monthly-calendar.png); } #browse-by-wrap a{ display:block; position:relative; height:45px; width:100%; margin-top:30px; margin-bottom:30px; background-size:cover; } #single-episode-archive-wrap #browse-by-wrap a{ width:100%; height:200px; } #browse-by-wrap span{ position:absolute; bottom:0; color:#fff; background:#241919; font-size:18px; padding:10px; border:0; display:block; width:100%; text-align:center; margin-top:120px; } span.featured-guest-title{ color:#000000; text-align:center; padding-top:20px; } .carousel-control-next, .carousel-control-next:hover, .carousel-control-prev, .carousel-control-prev:hover{ color:#44c3da; } .carousel-indicators li { width: 15px; height: 15px; border-radius: 20px; background-color: rgba(105, 105, 105, 0.5); } .carousel-indicators .active { background-color: #44c3da; } .carousel-item .card a, .carousel-item .card-title{ text-align:center; } .carousel-item .card{ background:none; padding:40px 20px; border:0; } .carousel-item .card-text{ font-size:16px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color:#000; } .carousel-item .card-title{ font-size:21px; font-weight:500; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color:#000; } .carousel-item .card-body{ padding:20px 15%; } span.econ-extra-title, span.past-epi-title{ text-align:center; color:#000; display:block; } span.econ-extra-title{ margin-bottom:0; padding:20px; } span.past-epi-title{ padding:20px; } #bg-wrap-econ-extras{ margin:auto; margin-top:20px; max-width:1230px; background:#f8f6f6; } #econtalk-extras-wrap .card-block, #econtalk-extras-wrap .card-comment, #econtalk-past-epi-wrap .card-block, #econtalk-past-epi-wrap .card-comment{ padding:10px !important; } /*#econtalk-extras-wrap .col-xl-3:first-child{ flex:0 0 50%; max-width:50%; }*/ #econtalk-extras-wrap .col-md-6{ max-width:100%; } #econtalk-extras-wrap h4 a, #econtalk-past-epi-wrap h4 a{ font-weight:600; } #econtalk-extras-wrap .card-block *, #econtalk-past-epi-wrap .card-block *{ font-family:Arial, sans-serif; } #econtalk-past-epi-wrap, .fa-caret-down{ color: #44c3da; } #econtalk-single-podcast-wrap{ display:flex; padding:0; flex-direction:column-reverse; } #podcast-wrap{ width:100%; padding:20px; background:#f0f0f0; display:none; } #podcast-wrap-mobile .clear-fix{ padding:20px; background:#000; } #podcast-wrap-mobile #econtalk-desc-wrap{ padding:20px; } #podcast-wrap-mobile #single-econtalk-title a{ color:#fff; font-size:22px; } #podcast-img{ display:block; width:100%; height:220px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; background-position: right center; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap{ margin-top:20px; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap nav{ background:#fff; margin-top:20px; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap nav a{ margin-left:0; margin-right:5px; margin-bottom:5px; background:#e1e1e1; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap .nav-tabs .nav-link{ color:#000; text-transform:uppercase; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap .nav-tabs .nav-link:hover{ color:#fff; background-color:#231f1f; border-radius:0; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap .nav-tabs .nav-link.active{ color:#fff; background-color:#231f1f; border:0; border-radius:0; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap #nav-tabContent{ width:100%; } #single-econtalk{ width:100%; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap #single-econtalk-tab-sidebar{ width:100%; } #single-econtalk-audio-wrap{ margin:20px 0; } #single-econtalk-title a{ color:#000; } #single-econtalk-date{ font-weight:600; } #single-econtalk-desc{ font-weight:500; } #single-about-the-guest{ padding:20px; margin-bottom:20px; background:#e8fbff; } #single-related-episodes{ padding:20px; } #single-about-the-guest span, #single-related-episodes span{ text-align:center; color:#000; } #single-about-the-guest-img{ text-align:center; margin-bottom:20px; } #single-related-episodes a{ color: #000; font-weight: 600; font-size: 20px; } #econtalk-single-podcast-wrap .btn-transcript, #econtalk-single-podcast-wrap .btn-listen{ display:none; } #single-about-the-guest h5 a{ display:block; text-align:center; color:#00c29d; } #checkbox_toggle{ font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; color: #1ca5e9; cursor:pointer; } .woo_subscribe_now_btn{ background-color: #44c3da; border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: none; border: none; color: #fff !important; font-family: Lato; font-size: 16px; padding:20px 40px; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-transform: uppercase; cursor: pointer; } .woocommerce *{ font-family: Lato !important; } .cart-collaterals{ padding-bottom:40px; } #customer_details .col-1, #customer_details .col-2{ max-width:100%; } #customer_details .form-row{ display:block; } .year-picker .col-8, .year-picker .col-4{ padding-left:0; display:inline-block; max-width:50%; flex:0 0 50%; } .year-picker .row{ padding-bottom:5px; } .year-picker .col-8 h3, .year-picker .col-4 h3{ font-size:14px; font-weight:600; } .dropdown-filter-wrap, .dropdown-filter-wrap2{ width:50%; position:relative; } .dropdown-filter-wrap2{ width:33.33%; } .dropdown-filter-wrap .btn-secondary, .dropdown-filter-wrap2 .btn-secondary{ color:#000; background:none; border:0; font-size:16px; } @media (min-width:768px){ .search_tool_bgwrap{ padding-top:40px; } .main-header{ height:64px; padding:0 20px; } section.main-banner, .navbar-search{ display:block !important; } .lg-nextprev{ display:flex !important; } .article-single-page .card-comment{ display:inline-block !important; } .m-featured-image, .s-nextprev{ display:none; } section.articles-page article .main-content, .card-block .article-content{ display: block !important; } .recent-cards .article-text h4, .card-title-container .card-title{ font-size: 18px; } .recent-cards .article-text h4{ white-space:nowrap !important; } .recent-cards .read-more-btn{ display:inline-block !important; float:right !important; } header .logo{ margin-left:5%; } .search-header{ width:auto; } .articles-page .row .col-md-6{ padding-right:15px; padding-left:15px; } .grid-masonry .col-md-6{ padding-left:15px; padding-right:15px; } article.grid-card .card-block{ min-height:250px !important; } .articles-grid .title-date{ padding:20px; } /* search tool desktop */ .search_tool_wrap{ max-width: 815px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 20px; border-radius: 12px; } .search_tool_wrap form{ padding: 55px 165px 10px 165px; } .search_tool_wrap h4{ font-size: 30px; text-align: center; margin-bottom:32px; } .search_result_article h4{ text-align: left; margin-bottom:5px; } .sp_searchterm_wrap #search_term{ margin-bottom:27px; } .sp_searchterm_wrap #search_term{ font-size:20px; font-weight:500; } .sp_searchterm_wrap .close{ top:10px; } .search_tool_wrap #refine_search{ display:block; width:80%; margin:45px auto 0 auto; padding:14px 50px; font-size:18px; } .search_results h4{ /*display:none;*/ text-align:left; } .sortbytoggle-wrap{ width:41.5%; float:left; margin-right:1%; /*display:block;*/ } .sort-total-wrap{ width:57.5%; float:left; } #results-orderby a{ text-align:left; } #divResultSummary{ display:block; /*justify-content:flex-end;*/ } .page_subcat_wrap{ padding:25px; } .page_subcat_wrap .subcat_wrap .oakcol{ display:block; width:50%; float:left; padding:10px 15px; } .page_subcat_wrap .subcat_wrap{ padding:30px; height:auto; } .page_subcat_wrap .subcat_wrap .oakcol a{ /*text-align:center;*/ font-size:18px; color:#fff; } .page_subcat_wrap .subcat_wrap .oakcol a.active-subcat{ color:#4a90e2; } .page_subcat_wrap .subcat_wrap .oakcol a.active-subcat::before{ content:"> "; } .page_subcat_wrap .subcat_wrap h4{ display:block; } .subcat{ display:none; } .page_subcat_wrap .subcat_wrap{ /*overflow-y:scroll;*/ } /*.grey-section{ padding:40px 0 100px 0; }*/ .div-container{ display:flex; } .section-title h2{ font-size:32px; } .boxed-article .ba-title{ margin:25px 0 0 0; } #cee_subcat_wrap{ /*background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(1, 1, 1, 0.5), rgba(1, 1, 1, 0.3)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2021/08/image-3.png); background-size:cover; background-repeat:no-repeat; background-position: bottom center;*/ } #label_total_shown{ display:inline-block; } .sortbytoggle-wrap, #results-orderby{ background:#4a90e2; } .results-header{ background:none; } } .category-list .category-card{ margin-bottom:0; } html { scroll-behavior: smooth; } @media (min-width:992px){ .article-single-page section .post-content .highlight{ float:right; margin: 20px 0 20px 20px; width:220px; } .mobile-related{ display:none; } .desktop-related{ display:block; } .econtalk-container{ display:flex; padding-right:15px; padding-left:15px; } #econtalk-extras-wrap .col-xl-3:first-child{ flex:0 0 50%; max-width:50%; } #econtalk-recent-image{ height:auto; width:40%; } #econtalk-recent-content{ width:60%; } #econtalk-recent-content, #econtalk-recent-image{ float:left; } #wrap-content-head{ padding:40px 40px 20px 40px; } #wrap-content-body{ padding:40px; } .btn_pill{ display:inline-block; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; } .econtalk-action-btn{ display:inline-block; margin-bottom:0; width:auto; text-align:left; } .lw-col{ width:50%; } .lw-col:first-child{ margin-right:20px; } #lw-article-wrap{ display:flex; } #lw-image{ display:block; width:45%; } #lw-content{ width:55%; margin-left:10px; } #browse-by-wrap{ display:flex; } #single-episode-archive-wrap #browse-by-wrap a:first-child{ margin-right:5%; } #browse-by-wrap a:first-child{ margin-right:8%; } #browse-by-wrap a{ height:225px; width:46%; } #econtalks .grid-masonry-item{ width:305px; float:left; } #econtalk-single-podcast-wrap{ display:flex; flex-direction:row; } #podcast-wrap-mobile{ display:none; } #podcast-wrap{ display:block; float:left; width:60%; padding:40px; } #podcast-img{ float:left; width:40%; height:auto; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap #nav-tabContent{ width:60%; float:left; padding:20px !important; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap #single-econtalk-tab-sidebar{ width:40%; float:left; padding:20px !important; } #single-episode-archive-wrap #browse-by-wrap div{ width:43%; } #wrap-btn-pills{ display:block; } .econtalk-archive-titles{ font-size:32px; } #econtalk-related-wrap{ background:none; } .lw_btn_pill{ float:right; border-radius:25px; margin-right:0; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap nav a{ margin-left:15px; margin-right:15px; margin-bottom:0; background:#fff; } /*#econtalk-single-podcast-wrap .btn-transcript, #econtalk-single-podcast-wrap .btn-listen{ display:inline-block; }*/ } @media (min-width:1180px){ .econlib_logo, .econlib_logo span{ display:block; } header .navbar-toggler{ display:none; } .navbar{ position:static; } .navbar-nav{ flex-direction:row; } .navbar-collapse{ display:block; } #menu-top-menu > .menu-item{ min-width:130px; text-align:center; flex-grow:1; } .navbar-nav .dropdown-menu{ /*position:absolute;*/ background:#72bdca; /*top:100%;*/ /*left:0; width:100%;*/ margin:0; border:0; border-radius:0; } li.menu-item-has-children{ position:static; } .main-header{ position:relative; } ul.dropdown-menu li{ /*float:none !important; display:inline-block !important; */ } ul.dropdown-menu li a{ padding:10px 20px; } .nav-wrap #menu-top-mobile li{ /*min-width:130px;*/ flex-grow:1; text-align:center; } /*.nav-wrap{ display:flex; } .nav-mobile-wrap{ display:none; }*/ #template_submenu{ padding:0; text-align:center; } #template_submenu ul{ display:inline-block; position:static; width:auto; height:45px; padding:0; margin:0 auto; /*display:inline-block; height:45px; line-height:45px; list-style:none; text-align:center; margin:0; padding:0;*/ } #template_submenu ul li{ display:inline-block; } #template_submenu .subnav-parent, 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href="https://www.econlib.org/what-makes-international-trade-unique-politics/" title="What Makes International Trade Unique: Politics" style="background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/InternationalTrade.jpg);" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-5"> <p class="ef_category d-none d-lg-block">Featured Post</p> <h1 class="efp_h1"><a href="https://www.econlib.org/what-makes-international-trade-unique-politics/" title="What Makes International Trade Unique: Politics" target="_blank">What Makes International Trade Unique: Politics</a></h1> <div class="efp_author">By Jon Murphy | Feb 20 2025</div> <div class="efp_excerpt">Those of us who teach and study international trade sometimes get the question: “how is international trade different from domestic trade?” From a purely analytical perspective, national borders do not change the fundamentals of trade. Whether one is trading with Bart in Baton Rouge, Brad in Boston, or Brent in Berlin, the fundamentals stay the ...</div> <p> <a class='btn efp_btn' href="https://www.econlib.org/what-makes-international-trade-unique-politics/" target="_blank">More</a> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/what-makes-international-trade-unique-politics/#comments" class="pull-right econ_mf_cc" target="_blank">13 Comments</a> </p> </div> <div class="dt-efpi-wrap col-12 col-lg-7 d-none d-lg-block"> <a class="efpi" href="https://www.econlib.org/what-makes-international-trade-unique-politics/" title="What Makes International Trade Unique: Politics" style="background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/InternationalTrade.jpg);" target="_blank"></a> </div> </div> <div class="el-relpost-wrap row py-5"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-8"> <p class="erp_cat">Related Post</p> <h2 class="erp_h2"> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/a-vat-is-not-a-tariff/" title="A VAT is Not a Tariff" target="_blank">A VAT is Not a Tariff</a> </h2> <p class="erp_author">By Scott Sumner | Feb 18 2025</p> <p class="erp_excerpt">Under the US Constitution, Congress is supposed to set tariff rates. But our government stopped paying attention to the Constitution long ago, so we also need to think about the implications of the president’s views on tariffs. Here’s Fortune magazine: Still, Trump blames the VAT for the U.S. trade deficit with the European Union, which hit .. <a class="a_more_link" target="_blank" href="https://www.econlib.org/a-vat-is-not-a-tariff/">MORE</a></p> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-4"> <p class="erp_cat">Featured Comment</p> <div class="econ_sel_comment"> <p>Most game theory studies on this show that some form of tit-for-tat (usually tit-for-tat-"with forgiveness", so tit-for-tat with a willingness to be first mover in de-escalations) is optimal. It maintains a beneficial equilibrium. Basically exactly..</p> <p>John Hawkins, February 19</p> </div> <div class="join-disc text-right"> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/what-makes-international-trade-unique-politics/#comments" target="_blank">Join the Discussion ></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row econlog_row_wrap"> <div class="col econlog_lcol"> <div class="emr_wrap"> <h2>Most Recent</h2> <div class="econ_mr_items"> <p class="econ_mr_category">Labor Mobility, Immigration, Outsourcing</p> <h4><a href="https://www.econlib.org/the-nyt-pivots-on-immigration/" title="The NYT pivots on immigration" target="_blank">The NYT pivots on immigration</a></h4> <p class="econ_mr_author"> <strong>By Scott Sumner</strong> | Feb 26, 2025 | <span class="card-comment"><span class="card-comment-count">0</span><i class="fa card-comment-icon" aria-hidden="true"></i></span> </p> <p>The New York Times has a very long piece on the issue of immigration. Here’s my version of a TLDR: Denmark has shown that an enlightened progressive government can preserve its welfare state by adopting fairly restrictive policies on immigration. Thus it’s now OK for American liberals to switch to a position of opposition to .. <a class="a_more_link" target="_blank" href="https://www.econlib.org/the-nyt-pivots-on-immigration/">MORE</a></p> </div> <div class="econ_mr_items"> <p class="econ_mr_category">Adam Smith</p> <h4><a href="https://www.econlib.org/the-political-problem-of-tariffs/" title="The Political Problem of Tariffs" target="_blank">The Political Problem of Tariffs</a></h4> <p class="econ_mr_author"> <strong>By Jon Murphy</strong> | Feb 26, 2025 | <span class="card-comment"><span class="card-comment-count">0</span><i class="fa card-comment-icon" aria-hidden="true"></i></span> </p> <p>To listen to protectionists, one would think tariffs are something of a miracle drug. Anything and everything can be solved by tariffs. Prices too low? Tariffs will raise ‘em. Prices too high? Tariffs will lower ‘em. Sprained knee? Just take two tariffs and call me in the morning. Yes, tariffs may seem like a miracle .. <a class="a_more_link" target="_blank" href="https://www.econlib.org/the-political-problem-of-tariffs/">MORE</a></p> </div> <div class="econ_mr_items"> <p class="econ_mr_category">#ReadWithMe</p> <h4><a href="https://www.econlib.org/reno-on-bringing-the-strong-gods-back/" title="Reno on Bringing the Strong Gods Back" target="_blank">Reno on Bringing the Strong Gods Back</a></h4> <p class="econ_mr_author"> <strong>By Kevin Corcoran</strong> | Feb 26, 2025 | <span class="card-comment"><span class="card-comment-count">3</span><i class="fa card-comment-icon" aria-hidden="true"></i></span> </p> <p>As described in earlier posts in this series, R. R. Reno believes that what he calls the strong gods must return to public life. This isn’t something he sees as desirable, per se – it is something he sees as inevitable. One way or another, the strong gods will return: We yearn to join ourselves .. <a class="a_more_link" target="_blank" href="https://www.econlib.org/reno-on-bringing-the-strong-gods-back/">MORE</a></p> </div> <div class="econ_mr_items"> <p class="econ_mr_category">Economic and Political Philosophy</p> <h4><a href="https://www.econlib.org/where-is-h-l-mencken-when-we-need-him/" title="Where is H.L. Mencken When We Need Him?" target="_blank">Where is H.L. Mencken When We Need Him?</a></h4> <p class="econ_mr_author"> <strong>By Pierre Lemieux</strong> | Feb 25, 2025 | <span class="card-comment"><span class="card-comment-count">22</span><i class="fa card-comment-icon" aria-hidden="true"></i></span> </p> <p>Wokeness seems to embody two features: on one hand, collectivist or groupist ideals; on the other hand, a rejection of reason and truth. Interestingly, the political opponents of wokeness in America and the world tend to reproduce these same two features—with, on the right, more emphasis on collectivist nationalism than tribal groupism. Both strands of .. <a class="a_more_link" target="_blank" href="https://www.econlib.org/where-is-h-l-mencken-when-we-need-him/">MORE</a></p> </div> <div class="econ_mr_items"> <p class="econ_mr_category">Trade Barriers</p> <h4><a href="https://www.econlib.org/trade-sanctions-on-china/" title="Trade sanctions on China?" target="_blank">Trade sanctions on China?</a></h4> <p class="econ_mr_author"> <strong>By Scott Sumner</strong> | Feb 24, 2025 | <span class="card-comment"><span class="card-comment-count">20</span><i class="fa card-comment-icon" aria-hidden="true"></i></span> </p> <p>Over the past three years, commenters have raked me over the coals for my opposition to the US cold war against China, particularly our economic sanctions, which go far beyond legitimate national security concerns. The single factor that is most often cited by China hawks is the PRC’s unwillingness to take a strong stand against .. <a class="a_more_link" target="_blank" href="https://www.econlib.org/trade-sanctions-on-china/">MORE</a></p> </div> <div class="econ_mr_items"> <p class="econ_mr_category">#ReadWithMe</p> <h4><a href="https://www.econlib.org/reno-on-the-political-consequences-of-banishing-the-strong-gods/" title="Reno On the Political Consequences of Banishing the Strong Gods" target="_blank">Reno On the Political Consequences of Banishing the Strong Gods</a></h4> <p class="econ_mr_author"> <strong>By Kevin Corcoran</strong> | Feb 24, 2025 | <span class="card-comment"><span class="card-comment-count">2</span><i class="fa card-comment-icon" aria-hidden="true"></i></span> </p> <p>In my last post, I described what R. R. Reno sees as the social consequences of banishing the strong gods. In this post, I’ll look at what Reno sees as the political results. By Reno’s reckoning, many of the destabilizing political consequences of the banishing of the strong gods were kept at bay by the .. <a class="a_more_link" target="_blank" href="https://www.econlib.org/reno-on-the-political-consequences-of-banishing-the-strong-gods/">MORE</a></p> </div> <div class=""> <a class="btn econ_loadmore" href="/econlog/econlog-archive/">View More</a> </div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> </div> <div class="col econlog_rcol pt-5"> <div id="econVirtualEvents" style="background:url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/read-with-us-3.jpg)"> <h4>Come read with us! 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of posts by author last name</a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="site-container econ_page"> <div class="row econ_taxsel_row"> <h2>Book Club</h2> <div class="flexbox"> <div class="flexbox-item"> <p class="fa_category">Foreign Policy</p> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/my-weekly-reading-for-february-23-2025/" target="_blank" title="My Weekly Reading for February 23, 2025" class='fa_feat_img' style="background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/socialsecurity-300x200.jpg);"></a> <h4> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/my-weekly-reading-for-february-23-2025/" target="_blank" title="My Weekly Reading for February 23, 2025">My Weekly Reading for February 23, 2025</a> <span class="card-comment"><span class="card-comment-count">24</span><i class="fa card-comment-icon" aria-hidden="true"></i></span> </h4> <p class="econ_mr_author"><strong></strong></p> <p>US ‘Democratic’ Allies Are Becoming Increasingly Authoritarian By Ted Galen Carpenter, Antiwar.com, February 17, 2025. Excerpts: A recent example of U.S. meddling in the internal affairs of another democratic country appears to have taken place in the Republic of Georgia. According to Parliament Speaker Shalva Papuashvili, USAID spent $41.7 million to support its preferred candidates in the .. <a class="a_more_link" target="_blank" href="https://www.econlib.org/my-weekly-reading-for-february-23-2025/">MORE</a></p> </div> <div class="flexbox-item"> <p class="fa_category">Books: Reviews and Suggested Readings</p> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/a-blueprint-for-freedom-the-classical-liberal-path-to-prosperity/" target="_blank" title="A Blueprint for Freedom: The Classical Liberal Path to Prosperity" class='fa_feat_img' style="background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CentralPlanning-300x200.jpg);"></a> <h4> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/a-blueprint-for-freedom-the-classical-liberal-path-to-prosperity/" target="_blank" title="A Blueprint for Freedom: The Classical Liberal Path to Prosperity">A Blueprint for Freedom: The Classical Liberal Path to Prosperity</a> <span class="card-comment"><span class="card-comment-count">1</span><i class="fa card-comment-icon" aria-hidden="true"></i></span> </h4> <p class="econ_mr_author"><strong></strong></p> <p>From the dawn of civilization, societies have wrestled with the balance between order and liberty. Nations rise and fall based on how they manage power—whether through the centralized control of empires or the dispersed authority of free markets and individual rights. The United States was founded on the radical idea that the government exists to .. <a class="a_more_link" target="_blank" href="https://www.econlib.org/a-blueprint-for-freedom-the-classical-liberal-path-to-prosperity/">MORE</a></p> </div> <div class="flexbox-item"> <p class="fa_category">Books: Reviews and Suggested Readings</p> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/reno-on-the-social-effects-of-banishing-the-strong-gods/" target="_blank" title="Reno On the Social Effects of Banishing The Strong Gods" class='fa_feat_img' style="background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Truth4-300x136.jpg);"></a> <h4> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/reno-on-the-social-effects-of-banishing-the-strong-gods/" target="_blank" title="Reno On the Social Effects of Banishing The Strong Gods">Reno On the Social Effects of Banishing The Strong Gods</a> <span class="card-comment"><span class="card-comment-count">2</span><i class="fa card-comment-icon" aria-hidden="true"></i></span> </h4> <p class="econ_mr_author"><strong></strong></p> <p>In my last post, I described what R. R. Reno believes motivated the banishing of the strong gods, as well as the ideas that made that process happen. In this post, I’ll be reviewing what he sees as the consequences. One of the strong gods to be banished was the idea that communities are a .. <a class="a_more_link" target="_blank" href="https://www.econlib.org/reno-on-the-social-effects-of-banishing-the-strong-gods/">MORE</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="site-container econ_page"> <div class="row econ_ft_carousel"> <h2>Featured Topics</h2> <div class="owl-wrapper"><div id="carousel-70391" class="owl-carousel owl-theme"><div class="item"><div class="item-inner"><img data-src="https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/DALL·E-2025-02-25-11.12.29-A-humorous-digital-illustration-of-a-patient-sitting-on-a-doctors-examination-table-holding-two-large-pills-labeled-Tariff-1-and-Tariff-2.-The-d-300x171-267x152.png" class="carousel-image owl-lazy" alt=""/><h4>The Political Problem of Tariffs</h4>To listen to protectionists, one would think tariffs are something of a miracle drug. Anything and everything can be solved by tariffs. Prices too low? Tariffs will raise ‘em. Prices...<p class="owl-btn-wrapper"><a href="https://www.econlib.org/the-political-problem-of-tariffs/" class="carousel-button btn btn-primary" style="display: inline-block;">More</a></p></div></div><div class="item"><div class="item-inner"><img data-src="https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Screen-Shot-2025-02-24-at-6.06.42-PM-300x182-251x152.png" class="carousel-image owl-lazy" alt=""/><h4>Trade sanctions on China?</h4>Over the past three years, commenters have raked me over the coals for my opposition to the US cold war against China, particularly our economic sanctions, which go far beyond...<p class="owl-btn-wrapper"><a href="https://www.econlib.org/trade-sanctions-on-china/" class="carousel-button btn btn-primary" style="display: inline-block;">More</a></p></div></div><div class="item"><div class="item-inner"><img data-src="https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/DonaldTrumpKing-300x171-267x152.jpg" class="carousel-image owl-lazy" alt=""/><h4>The King of New York</h4>When Joe Biden was president, Republicans rightly complained that he often abused his power when doing things like cancelling student debts. They also rightly complained when the federal government usurped...<p class="owl-btn-wrapper"><a href="https://www.econlib.org/the-king-of-new-york/" class="carousel-button btn btn-primary" style="display: inline-block;">More</a></p></div></div><div class="item"><div class="item-inner"><img data-src="https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/InternationalTrade-300x200-228x152.jpg" class="carousel-image owl-lazy" alt=""/><h4>What Makes International Trade Unique: Politics</h4>Those of us who teach and study international trade sometimes get the question: “how is international trade different from domestic trade?” From a purely analytical perspective, national borders do not...<p class="owl-btn-wrapper"><a href="https://www.econlib.org/what-makes-international-trade-unique-politics/" class="carousel-button btn btn-primary" style="display: inline-block;">More</a></p></div></div><div class="item"><div class="item-inner"><img data-src="https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/UkraineWar-300x200-228x152.jpg" class="carousel-image owl-lazy" alt=""/><h4>Revealed preference as an analytical tool</h4>Economists like to look at actual behavior as a way of inferring what people believe. This is called “revealed preference.” I’ve always found it to be a very useful tool....<p class="owl-btn-wrapper"><a href="https://www.econlib.org/revealed-preference-as-an-analytical-tool/" class="carousel-button btn btn-primary" style="display: inline-block;">More</a></p></div></div><div class="item"><div class="item-inner"><img data-src="https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CannedFood-300x200-228x152.jpg" class="carousel-image owl-lazy" alt=""/><h4>I, Can</h4>  Alex Tabarrok, over at Marginal Revolution, had a good post on February 14 about how little people know about how things work. He quoted from an essay by Charles...<p class="owl-btn-wrapper"><a href="https://www.econlib.org/i-can/" class="carousel-button btn btn-primary" style="display: inline-block;">More</a></p></div></div><div class="item"><div class="item-inner"><img data-src="https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Smith-statue-3-300x225-203x152.jpg" class="carousel-image owl-lazy" alt=""/><h4>What We Owe Each Other</h4>Recently here at EconLog Scott Sumner and Janet Bufton have had an interesting discussion on liberalism as an antidote against authoritarianism (see Sumner here, Bufton’s comments here, and Sumner’s continuation...<p class="owl-btn-wrapper"><a href="https://www.econlib.org/what-we-owe-each-other/" class="carousel-button btn btn-primary" style="display: inline-block;">More</a></p></div></div><div class="item"><div class="item-inner"><img data-src="https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Screen-Shot-2025-02-13-at-6.16.28-PM-300x151-298x150.png" class="carousel-image owl-lazy" alt=""/><h4>Reciprocal tariff cuts?</h4>Economic theories are generally symmetrical. If more of X causes more of Y, then less of X causes less of Y. Thus I was confused by a recent story in...<p class="owl-btn-wrapper"><a href="https://www.econlib.org/reciprocal-tariff-cuts/" class="carousel-button btn btn-primary" style="display: inline-block;">More</a></p></div></div><div class="item"><div class="item-inner"><img data-src="https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Uber-300x200-228x152.jpg" class="carousel-image owl-lazy" alt=""/><h4>EconLog Price Theory: The Membership Difference?</h4>We’re bringing back price theory with our series on Price Theory problems with Professor Bryan Cutsinger. You can view the previous problem and Cutsinger’s solution here and here. Share your proposed solutions in the...<p class="owl-btn-wrapper"><a href="https://www.econlib.org/econlog-price-theory-the-membership-difference/" class="carousel-button btn btn-primary" style="display: inline-block;">More</a></p></div></div><div class="item"><div class="item-inner"><img data-src="https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Dangerous-clown-attacking-spectators-in-a-circus-300x171-267x152.jpeg" class="carousel-image owl-lazy" alt="An armed clown can be dangerous"/><h4>Environmental Justice and Some Other Funny Stuff</h4>Once in a blue moon, President Donald Trump has a fleetingly good intuition or does something seemingly good (“good” from the point of view of preserving the hope of a...<p class="owl-btn-wrapper"><a href="https://www.econlib.org/environmental-justice-and-some-funny-things/" class="carousel-button btn btn-primary" style="display: inline-block;">More</a></p></div></div></div></div> </div> </section> <section class="site-container home_page"> <div class="row home_brsr_row"> <h2>Book Reviews and Suggested Readings</h2> <div class="flexbox"> <div class="flexbox-item"> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2023/salinasmisesbuchanan.html" target="_blank" title="Mises and Buchanan on Classical Liberalism versus Socialism" class='brsr_feat_img' style="background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/socialism-capitalism-300x100.jpg);"></a> <div class='brsr_desc'> <h4><a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2023/salinasmisesbuchanan.html" target="_blank" title="Mises and Buchanan on Classical Liberalism versus Socialism">Mises and Buchanan on Classical Liberalism versus Socialism</a></h4> <p class="brsr_author">By Alejandra Salinas</p> <p>Ludwig von Mises The works of Ludwig von Mises and James M. Buchanan reflect the best of the classical liberal intellectual tradition. Given the centenary of the publication of Mises’ Socialism,1 and since 2023 marked the tenth anniversary of the passing of Buchanan, it seems an excellent time to remember their contributions. Both defend methodological .. <a class="a_more_link" target="_blank" href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2023/salinasmisesbuchanan.html">MORE</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="flexbox-item"> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2025/cowenodysseypart1.html" target="_blank" title="An Economic Approach to Homer’s <em>Odyssey</em>: Part I" class='brsr_feat_img' style="background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Odysseus-and-Sirens-2-300x200.jpg);"></a> <div class='brsr_desc'> <h4><a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2025/cowenodysseypart1.html" target="_blank" title="An Economic Approach to Homer’s <em>Odyssey</em>: Part I">An Economic Approach to Homer’s <em>Odyssey</em>: Part I</a></h4> <p class="brsr_author">By Tyler Cowen</p> <p>Modeling Homer’s World An economic approach to Homer’s Odyssey1 is most definitely not about “what Homer really meant.” Instead, the economic approach views Homer through a lens that Homer himself probably never entertained, namely a series of relatively simple models about preferences and constraints. The economic approach is thus a distortion, but perhaps a useful .. <a class="a_more_link" target="_blank" href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2025/cowenodysseypart1.html">MORE</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="flexbox-item"> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2025/cowenodysseypart2.html" target="_blank" title="An Economic Approach to Homer’s <em>Odyssey</em>: Part II" class='brsr_feat_img' style="background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/OdysseusPolyphemus-300x239.jpg);"></a> <div class='brsr_desc'> <h4><a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2025/cowenodysseypart2.html" target="_blank" title="An Economic Approach to Homer’s <em>Odyssey</em>: Part II">An Economic Approach to Homer’s <em>Odyssey</em>: Part II</a></h4> <p class="brsr_author">By Tyler Cowen</p> <p>The Polities of The Odyssey In the previous article, I outlined what an economic approach to reading Homer’s epic, The Odyssey,1 might look like. I also noted that what most strikes me about The Odyssey is Homer’s treatment of comparative political regimes. Looking at the wide variety of regimes Odysseus encounters is the focus of .. <a class="a_more_link" target="_blank" href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2025/cowenodysseypart2.html">MORE</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="flexbox-item"> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2023/kingrules.html" target="_blank" title="Rules for Non-Radicals" class='brsr_feat_img' style="background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/yrnxTweQ-300x167.jpeg);"></a> <div class='brsr_desc'> <h4><a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2023/kingrules.html" target="_blank" title="Rules for Non-Radicals">Rules for Non-Radicals</a></h4> <p class="brsr_author">By M. Scott King</p> <p>A Liberty Classic Book Review of The Reason of Rules: Constitutional Political Economy, by Geoffrey Brennan and James M. Buchanan.1 Geoffrey Brennan and James Buchanan’s The Reason of Rules is remarkable. It is an important book, and the questions that the authors wrestle with are massive. When so much academic work feels as though it .. <a class="a_more_link" target="_blank" href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2023/kingrules.html">MORE</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <footer> <div class="site-container"> <div class="row footer-row-1"> <div class="col-1 footer-logo-wrap"> <img src="https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/themes/econlib/assets/icons/torch-icon.svg" width="80" height="120"> <h4>Econlib</h4> </div> <div class="col-2 footer-description"> <h4>The Library of Economics and Liberty</h4> <h3>Liberty Fund, Inc.</h3> <p>11301 N. 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