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input[type="text"]{ background:rgba(255,255,255,0.4); width:85%; color:#fff; } */ .article-single-page section .post-content .highlight{ float:none; margin: 0 0 20px 0; width:100%; } .comments-section .extra-content-bordered .extra-content-bordered{ padding-left:20px; } .article-single-page section .post-content a{ /*color: #fff;*/ color: #007bff; } .article-single-page section .post-content p a{ color: #007bff; } .desktop-related{ display:none; } .mobile-related{ display:block; } .mobile-related article{ margin:0; } .articles-page .row .col-md-6{ padding-right:0; padding-left:0; } .articles-page .row .col-md-6 .card-block{ padding:10px 0 10px 0; } h4.col-10{ padding-left:0; } article.grid-card .card-block{ padding:10px 0; min-height:auto !important; } .grid-masonry .col-md-6{ padding-left:0; padding-right:0; } .feature-content-block .col-xl-6{ padding-left:0; padding-right:0; } .articles-grid .title-date{ padding:20px 0; margin:0; } .navbar-dark .navbar-toggler{ float:left; margin-right:10px; margin-top:3px; color:#fff; font-size:18px; } .seach2{ /*color:#fff !important;*/ color:#999 !important; background:none !important; border:0 !important; float:right; height:30px; } #modalSearchForm{ top:70px; } #modalSearchForm input[type="text"]{ color: #15a2e8; } .modal-header{ border-bottom:0; padding:15px 15px 5px 15px; } .modal-header .close{ margin:-11px -15px -15px auto; } .modal-footer{ justify-content:flex-start; } .econ-btn{ font-size:14px; background:#44c3da !important; padding:7px 20px; border-radius:5px; display:block; width:100%; } .search-btn-wrap{ padding:0 15px 15px 15px; } .search_tool_bgwrap{ padding-top:0; background-image: linear-gradient(#0e1634, #ffffff); } .search_tool_wrap{ padding:20px; background:#fff; } .search_tool_wrap .form-control, .search_tool_wrap .form-check-label{ font-family: Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji"; } .search_tool_wrap .form-control{ margin-bottom:5px; border-radius:0; border-top-width:0; 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font-size:14px; } .sortbytoggle-wrap{ /*background:#4a90e2;*/ background:#0d1534; padding:5px; position:relative; float:right; /*display:none;*/ } .sort-total-wrap{ padding:5px; background:#0d1534; color:#fff; font-size:14px; float:left; } .sortby-toggle, .sortby-toggle:focus, .sortby-toggle .fa{ color:#fff; font-weight:600; } .sortby-toggle .fa{ font-size:16px; } #results-orderby{ padding:20px; /*background:#4a90e2;*/ background:#0d1534; position: absolute; top:31px; left:0; width:100%; } #results-orderby a{ display:block; text-align:center; color:#fff; padding:3px; font-size:14px; } #results-orderby a.orderby-active{ color:#494d5a; } .fa-check{ color:#fff; } .search_result_article{ margin-bottom:20px; padding:10px 0; } .search_result_article .col-6{ padding:0; } .search_result_title a{ color:#1ca5e9; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; } .search_result_content, .sr_meta{ font-size:14px; } .search_result_cat{ font-weight:600; } .search_result_year{ font-style:italic; } .search_tool_wrap #refine_search{ cursor: pointer; } .search_result_content b{ background-color:#FFFF00; } .preloader_wrap{ margin-top:20px; padding:0 20px; position: relative; height:20px; width:100%; overflow:hidden; } .slider{ position:absolute; width:100%; height:5px; overflow-x: hidden; display:none; } .line{ position:absolute; opacity: 0.5; background:#acece6; width:100%; height:5px; } .subline{ position:absolute; background:#26a69a; height:5px; } .inc{ animation: increase 2s infinite; } .dec{ animation: decrease 2s 0.5s infinite; } .sortby-toggle{ text-transform:capitalize; } span.badge.new { font-weight: 300; font-size: 12px; color: #fff; background-color: #26a69a; border-radius: 2px; margin-right:5px; margin-bottom:5px; padding:5px; cursor:pointer; } #divResultSummary{ /*display:block;*/ display:none; margin-top:10px; } @keyframes increase { from { left: -5%; width: 5%; } to { left: 130%; width: 100%;} } @keyframes decrease { from { left: -80%; width: 80%; } to { left: 110%; width: 10%;} } .clear-fix{ clear:both; } .clear-fix::after { content: " "; display: block; height: 0; clear: both; } /* 2nd level menu */ ul.dropdown-menu{ background:#72bdca; position:absolute !important; /*width:100%;*/ text-align:center !important; padding:0; left:auto; } ul.dropdown-menu li a{ font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold; font-size:16px; line-height:16px; padding:10px 5px; } ul.dropdown-menu li a:hover{ color:#fff; } .dropdown-menu a:before{ content:none !important; } .dropdown-item:focus, .dropdown-item:hover{ background:#72bdca; } .nav-main .nav-item:hover{ background:none; } .navbar.nav-main .nav-item.menu-with-icon a:before{ content: none; } nav{ background:#000; line-height:45px; } nav a{ font-family: Arial; font-size:16px; font-weight:bold; color:#9497a6; } .menu-toggle{ float:left; } .econlib_logo{ float:left; text-align:left; margin-bottom:7px; } .econlib_logo span{ display:none; color:#fff; font-size:12px; margin-left:5px; text-align:left; display:none; } .main-header{ padding:20px 8px; display:flex; align-items:center; position:relative; } .logo-wrap{ flex-grow:1; } .nav-wrap{ flex-grow:2; } .search-wrap{ flex-grow:1; } .fa-bars{ font-size:30px; } .fa-search:before{ font-size:25px; } /***********************/ header{ overflow:visible; } .navbar{ position:absolute; top:100%; left:0; z-index:99; width:100% } header .navbar-toggler{ display:block; } #menu-top-menu .menu-item{ text-align:left; } .sp-srpc{ border:0; border-radius:5px; background:#27a79a; color:#fff; padding:5px 20px; display:inline-block; cursor:pointer; } .jump_to_page{ padding: 6px; background: #27a79a; color: #fff; border-radius: 5px; border: 0; } #template_submenu{ background:#72bdca; height:45px; padding:10px 15px; position:relative; } #template_submenu .subnav-parent, #template_submenu .subnav-toggler{ font-family:Arial; font-size:16px; line-height:16px; font-weight:bold; } #template_submenu ul{ display:none; background:#72bdca; position:absolute; top:100%; left:0; width:100%; z-index:9; padding:0; /*display:inline-block; height:45px; line-height:45px; list-style:none; text-align:center; margin:0; padding:0;*/ } #template_submenu.open ul{ display:block; } #template_submenu ul li{ display:block; } #template_submenu ul li a{ color:#212529; font-family:Arial; font-size:16px; font-weight:normal; line-height:16px; display:block; padding:15px 22px !important; text-align:center; } #template_submenu ul li a:hover{ color:#fff; } #template_submenu ul li a.active{ color:#fff; } .subnav-toggler{ color:#fff; cursor:pointer; } .subnav-toggler .fa{ color:#fff; } .nav-link{ padding:15px 5px; } .nav-wrap #menu-top-mobile{ z-index:999; } .nav-wrap #menu-top-mobile li{ text-align:left; } /*.nav-wrap{ display:none; }*/ .nav-mobile-wrap{ display:block; } .nav-mobile-wrap li{ text-align:left; } .page_subcat_wrap{ /*background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, #616161, #333);*/ padding:0; } #cee_subcat_wrap{ /*background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(1, 1, 1, 0.5), rgba(1, 1, 1, 0.5));*/ } #econlog_subcat_wrap{ /*background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, #616161, #333);*/ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(1, 1, 1, 0.5), rgba(1, 1, 1, 0.3)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2019/03/blog-13.jpg); background-size:cover; background-repeat:no-repeat; background-position: center center; } .page_subcat_wrap .subcat_wrap{ height:45px; max-width:1280px; margin:auto; padding:10px 15px; opacity: 0.68; background-color: #0e1733; /*max-height:450px;*/ /*overflow-y:hidden;*/ } .subcat_wrap::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 12px; } .subcat_wrap::-webkit-scrollbar-track { -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.5); } .subcat_wrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 6px rgba(114,189,202,0.7); } .page_subcat_wrap .subcat_wrap h4{ display:none; font-family:Arial; font-size:23px; color:#ababab; text-align:center; } .page_subcat_wrap .subcat_wrap .oakcol{ display:none; width:100%; padding:0; } .page_subcat_wrap .open .oakcol{ display:block; } .page_subcat_wrap .open{ height:auto; } .page_subcat_wrap .subcat_wrap .oakcol a{ font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; display:block; /*padding:5px;*/ padding:5px 0; color:#4a90e2; } .page_subcat_wrap .subcat_wrap .oakcol a.active-subcat{ color:#cbcbcb; } .subcat{ display:inline-block; color:#fff; font-size:14px; } .subcat-parent{ color:#4a90e2; } .subcat-toggler{ cursor:pointer; } .subcat-parent, .subcat-toggler{ margin-bottom:10px; } .clear{ clear:left; } #book-resource *{ font-family: Arial; color:#4a4a4a; } #book-resource a{ color:#007bff; } #book-resource h2{font-size:22px;} #book-resource h3{font-size:20px;} #book-resource h4{font-size:18px;} .grey-section{ background:#d8d8d8; margin-bottom:10px; padding:40px 20px 100px 20px; } .grey-section:last-of-type{ margin-bottom:0; } .div-container{ display:block; max-width:1280px; margin:auto; padding:10px; } .article-second-container, .video-container{ display:block !important; } .article-second-container .div-item{ width:100%; height:auto !important; } .video-container .div-item{ width:100%; height:auto !important; } .div-item{ /*border:1px solid #000;*/ height:280px; margin-right:25px; margin-bottom:10px; display:block; color:#212529; } .div-item:hover, .div-item:active{ color:#212529; } .div-item:last-child{ margin-right:0; } .div-item-content{ padding:20px 0; min-height:280px; } .video-container .div-item-content{ min-height:170px; } .div-item-content a{ color:#000; font-size:24px; font-family:Arial; font-weight:600; } .article-img-bg{ width:100%; height:270px; background-repeat:no-repeat; background-size: cover; background-position:top center; position:relative; } .article-img-bg span{ color:#fff; font-size:21px; text-transform:uppercase; font-family:Arial; position:absolute; left:20px; bottom:10px; text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px #000000; } .col3, .col2{ margin-top:40px; } .grow1{ flex-grow:1; } .current-month, .previous-month, .previous-month2, .previous-month3{ width:100%; border:1px solid #979797; background:#d8d8d8; padding:10px; display:flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; text-align:center; } .month-bg{ background-position: center center !important; background-size: cover !important; } /*.class-december{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/December.jpg); } .class-november{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/November.jpg); } .class-october{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/October.jpg); } .class-september{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/September.jpg); } .class-august{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/August.jpg); } .class-july{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/July.jpg); } .class-june{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/June.jpg); } .class-may{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/May.jpg); } .class-april{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/April.jpg); } .class-march{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/March.jpg); } .class-february{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/February.jpg); } .class-january{ background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2018/02/January.jpg); }*/ .section-title{ max-width:1280px; margin:auto; text-align:center; } .boxed-article{ width:100%; margin-right:40px; height:auto; } .section-title h2{ margin:60px auto; font-size:22px; } .section-title h2.featured{ margin:2px auto 50px auto; } .section-title h5{ margin:40px auto 0 auto; } .boxed-article:last-child{ margin-right:0; } .boxed-article .ba-title{ text-align:center; margin:10px 0 40px 0; } .boxed-article .ba-title a{ font-family:Arial; font-size:16px; font-weight:600; color:#000; } .boxed-article img{ width:100%; height:200px; object-fit:cover; } .ul-article{ /*list-style:none;*/ padding-left:20px; height:70%; } .ul-article a, .ul-article li{ font-weight:bold; font-size:16px; color:#000; } .ul-article a:hover{ text-decoration:underline; } .article-issue{ font-weight:600; font-size:24px; color:#fff; text-shadow:2px 2px 4px #000000; } .bio-links a{ display:inline-block; } .econlib_logo span{ display:none !important; } footer h6{ display:none !important; } .torch-text2{ color: #dbecf1 !important; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom:40px; } div.networking{ padding-top:40px; } .torch-text{ margin-bottom:2px; } h2.lined{ display:block; max-width:1280px; width: 100%; text-align: center; border-bottom: 2px solid #72bdca; line-height: 0.1em; margin: 10px auto 40px auto; } h2.lined span { background:#fff; padding:0 10px; } .oak-more-entries{ text-align:center; } #btn-more-entries{ background:#d8d8d8; border:1px solid #979797; padding:10px 60px; margin:20px; color:#000; cursor:pointer; border-radius:10px; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; } .title-category{ padding-top:20px; } .title-category h3{ font-size:16px; } #econtal-page-banner{ display:block !important; padding-bottom:20px; } #econtal-page-banner .col-md-6, #econtal-page-banner .col-md-12, #econtal-page-banner .col-lg-6{ padding-left:0 !important; padding-right:0 !important; } .econtalk-page.econtalk.main-banner:before{ left:0; } .pp-multiple-authors-layout-inline{ font-size:18px; margin-bottom:0; line-height:normal; display:inline-block; } a.author.url{ font-size:18px; line-height:normal; color:#212529; } .card-block .pp-multiple-authors-layout-inline, .card-block a.author.url{ font-size:14px; } .card-title a{ color:#000000; } h2.pp-multiple-authors-layout-inline{ font-weight:normal; } #label_total_shown{ display:none; } .facet_span_ctr, .search_result_facet_counter{ font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style:normal; font-size:14px; color:#27baae; font-weight:bold; cursor:pointer; } /*body{ max-width:1920px; margin:auto; }*/ .econtalk-container{ padding-right:0; padding-left:0; display:block; } #econtalks{ display:block; overflow:auto; } #econtalks .grid-masonry-item{ width:100%; } #econtalk-recent-wrap{ clear:both; margin-bottom:20px; } #econtalk-recent-image{ display:block; width:100%; height:30vh; background-repeat:no-repeat; background-size:cover; background-position:right center; } #econtalk-recent-content{ width:100%; } /*#econtalk-recent-content, #econtalk-recent-image{ float:left; }*/ #wrap-content-head{ background:#0e0c0c; padding:10px; } #wrap-content-body{ padding:20px; background:#f0f0f0; } /*#wrap-content-head span{ color:#72bdca; font-size:22px; font-weight:600; text-transform:uppercase; display:block; margin-bottom:15px }*/ span.wrap-title{ color:#72bdca; font-size:22px; font-weight:700; text-transform:uppercase; display:block; margin-bottom:15px } span.lwe-title{ color:#000; padding:20px 0 0 20px; } span.lwe-related{ padding:20px 0 0 0; } span.newsletter-title{ color:#fff; } .econtalk-archive-titles{ font-size:28px; font-weight:600; } #wrap-content-head h2{ margin-bottom:20px; } #wrap-content-head h2 a{ color:#fff; } .btn_pill{ background:#fff; color:#72bdca; border-radius:25px; border:0; padding:7px 30px; font-weight:600; margin-right:15px; cursor:pointer; text-align:center; display:block; margin-bottom:5px; } .lw_btn_pill{ padding:7px 7px; float:left; margin-left:-20px; border-radius:0; } #twe-date{ font-size:16px; font-weight:bold; } #twe-excerpt{ font-size:18px; font-weight:500; } .econtalk-action-btn{ display:block; width:85%; margin:auto; margin-bottom:5px; text-align:center; color:#fff; padding:15px 40px; border:0; text-transform:uppercase; font-size:16px; /*margin-right:10px;*/ cursor:pointer; border-radius:0; vertical-align:top; } .econtalk-action-btn:hover{ color:#fff; } .btn-listen{ background:#00c29d; } .btn-transcript{ background:#44c3da; } .btn-share{ background:#282e2f; } #wrap-btn-pills{ display:none; margin-bottom:16px; } .lw-col{ width:100%; } #last-week-epi-wrap{ background:#e8fbff; } #newsletter-wrap{ background:#363636; } #newsletter-wrap p{ color: #fff; padding: 20px 0 20px 20px; font-size:34px; line-height:1.2; } #newsletter-wrap form{ display:flex; padding:0 20px 20px 20px } #newsletter-wrap form .email{ width:70%; margin-right:20px; border-radius:0; } #newsletter-wrap form .btn{ width:30%; border-radius:0;; } #lw-image{ width:300px; height:300px; display:block; background-repeat:no-repeat; background-size:cover; background-position:center } #episode-archive-wrap{ background:#adf0ff; padding:20px 60px; } #single-episode-archive-wrap{ padding:20px; } #episode-archive-wrap .lwe-title, #single-episode-archive-wrap .lwe-title, #episode-archive-wrap p, #single-episode-archive-wrap p{ text-align:center; } #episode-archive-wrap p, #single-episode-archive-wrap p{ font-size:20px; font-weight:500; } #single-episode-archive-wrap .lwe-title{ padding:20px 0 0 0; } #featured-guest-wrap{ margin-top:20px; background:#f6f6f6; height:763px; } #lw-article-wrap{ display:blok; padding:0 20px 20px 20px; } #lw-image, #lw-content{ width:100%; } #lw-content p{ font-weight:500; } #lw-content h2 a, #lw-content h2 a:hover{ color:#000; } #econtalk-related-wrap{ background:#fff; padding:0 20px 20px 20px; } #wrap-rel-article a{ color:#000; font-weight:600; } #wrap-rel-article .lw_btn_pill{ color:#72bdca; } #browse-by-wrap{ display:block; } #browse-by-wrap a#bb-guest{ background-image:url(../wp-content/themes/econlib/assets/img/social.png); } #browse-by-wrap a#bb-date{ background-image:url(../wp-content/themes/econlib/assets/img/monthly-calendar.png); } #browse-by-wrap a{ display:block; position:relative; height:45px; width:100%; margin-top:30px; margin-bottom:30px; background-size:cover; } #single-episode-archive-wrap #browse-by-wrap a{ width:100%; height:200px; } #browse-by-wrap span{ position:absolute; bottom:0; color:#fff; background:#241919; font-size:18px; padding:10px; border:0; display:block; width:100%; text-align:center; margin-top:120px; } span.featured-guest-title{ color:#000000; text-align:center; padding-top:20px; } .carousel-control-next, .carousel-control-next:hover, .carousel-control-prev, .carousel-control-prev:hover{ color:#44c3da; } .carousel-indicators li { width: 15px; height: 15px; border-radius: 20px; background-color: rgba(105, 105, 105, 0.5); } .carousel-indicators .active { background-color: #44c3da; } .carousel-item .card a, .carousel-item .card-title{ text-align:center; } .carousel-item .card{ background:none; padding:40px 20px; border:0; } .carousel-item .card-text{ font-size:16px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color:#000; } .carousel-item .card-title{ font-size:21px; font-weight:500; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color:#000; } .carousel-item .card-body{ padding:20px 15%; } span.econ-extra-title, span.past-epi-title{ text-align:center; color:#000; display:block; } span.econ-extra-title{ margin-bottom:0; padding:20px; } span.past-epi-title{ padding:20px; } #bg-wrap-econ-extras{ margin:auto; margin-top:20px; max-width:1230px; background:#f8f6f6; } #econtalk-extras-wrap .card-block, #econtalk-extras-wrap .card-comment, #econtalk-past-epi-wrap .card-block, #econtalk-past-epi-wrap .card-comment{ padding:10px !important; } /*#econtalk-extras-wrap .col-xl-3:first-child{ flex:0 0 50%; max-width:50%; }*/ #econtalk-extras-wrap .col-md-6{ max-width:100%; } #econtalk-extras-wrap h4 a, #econtalk-past-epi-wrap h4 a{ font-weight:600; } #econtalk-extras-wrap .card-block *, #econtalk-past-epi-wrap .card-block *{ font-family:Arial, sans-serif; } #econtalk-past-epi-wrap, .fa-caret-down{ color: #44c3da; } #econtalk-single-podcast-wrap{ display:flex; padding:0; flex-direction:column-reverse; } #podcast-wrap{ width:100%; padding:20px; background:#f0f0f0; display:none; } #podcast-wrap-mobile .clear-fix{ padding:20px; background:#000; } #podcast-wrap-mobile #econtalk-desc-wrap{ padding:20px; } #podcast-wrap-mobile #single-econtalk-title a{ color:#fff; font-size:22px; } #podcast-img{ display:block; width:100%; height:220px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; background-position: right center; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap{ margin-top:20px; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap nav{ background:#fff; margin-top:20px; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap nav a{ margin-left:0; margin-right:5px; margin-bottom:5px; background:#e1e1e1; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap .nav-tabs .nav-link{ color:#000; text-transform:uppercase; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap .nav-tabs .nav-link:hover{ color:#fff; background-color:#231f1f; border-radius:0; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap .nav-tabs .nav-link.active{ color:#fff; background-color:#231f1f; border:0; border-radius:0; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap #nav-tabContent{ width:100%; } #single-econtalk{ width:100%; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap #single-econtalk-tab-sidebar{ width:100%; } #single-econtalk-audio-wrap{ margin:20px 0; } #single-econtalk-title a{ color:#000; } #single-econtalk-date{ font-weight:600; } #single-econtalk-desc{ font-weight:500; } #single-about-the-guest{ padding:20px; margin-bottom:20px; background:#e8fbff; } #single-related-episodes{ padding:20px; } #single-about-the-guest span, #single-related-episodes span{ text-align:center; color:#000; } #single-about-the-guest-img{ text-align:center; margin-bottom:20px; } #single-related-episodes a{ color: #000; font-weight: 600; font-size: 20px; } #econtalk-single-podcast-wrap .btn-transcript, #econtalk-single-podcast-wrap .btn-listen{ display:none; } #single-about-the-guest h5 a{ display:block; text-align:center; color:#00c29d; } #checkbox_toggle{ font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; color: #1ca5e9; cursor:pointer; } .woo_subscribe_now_btn{ background-color: #44c3da; border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: none; border: none; color: #fff !important; font-family: Lato; font-size: 16px; padding:20px 40px; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-transform: uppercase; cursor: pointer; } .woocommerce *{ font-family: Lato !important; } .cart-collaterals{ padding-bottom:40px; } #customer_details .col-1, #customer_details .col-2{ max-width:100%; } #customer_details .form-row{ display:block; } .year-picker .col-8, .year-picker .col-4{ padding-left:0; display:inline-block; max-width:50%; flex:0 0 50%; } .year-picker .row{ padding-bottom:5px; } .year-picker .col-8 h3, .year-picker .col-4 h3{ font-size:14px; font-weight:600; } .dropdown-filter-wrap, .dropdown-filter-wrap2{ width:50%; position:relative; } .dropdown-filter-wrap2{ width:33.33%; } .dropdown-filter-wrap .btn-secondary, .dropdown-filter-wrap2 .btn-secondary{ color:#000; background:none; border:0; font-size:16px; } @media (min-width:768px){ .search_tool_bgwrap{ padding-top:40px; } .main-header{ height:64px; padding:0 20px; } section.main-banner, .navbar-search{ display:block !important; } .lg-nextprev{ display:flex !important; } .article-single-page .card-comment{ display:inline-block !important; } .m-featured-image, .s-nextprev{ display:none; } section.articles-page article .main-content, .card-block .article-content{ display: block !important; } .recent-cards .article-text h4, .card-title-container .card-title{ font-size: 18px; } .recent-cards .article-text h4{ white-space:nowrap !important; } .recent-cards .read-more-btn{ display:inline-block !important; float:right !important; } header .logo{ margin-left:5%; } .search-header{ width:auto; } .articles-page .row .col-md-6{ padding-right:15px; padding-left:15px; } .grid-masonry .col-md-6{ padding-left:15px; padding-right:15px; } article.grid-card .card-block{ min-height:250px !important; } .articles-grid .title-date{ padding:20px; } /* search tool desktop */ .search_tool_wrap{ max-width: 815px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 20px; border-radius: 12px; } .search_tool_wrap form{ padding: 55px 165px 10px 165px; } .search_tool_wrap h4{ font-size: 30px; text-align: center; margin-bottom:32px; } .search_result_article h4{ text-align: left; margin-bottom:5px; } .sp_searchterm_wrap #search_term{ margin-bottom:27px; } .sp_searchterm_wrap #search_term{ font-size:20px; font-weight:500; } .sp_searchterm_wrap .close{ top:10px; } .search_tool_wrap #refine_search{ display:block; width:80%; margin:45px auto 0 auto; padding:14px 50px; font-size:18px; } .search_results h4{ /*display:none;*/ text-align:left; } .sortbytoggle-wrap{ width:41.5%; float:left; margin-right:1%; /*display:block;*/ } .sort-total-wrap{ width:57.5%; float:left; } #results-orderby a{ text-align:left; } #divResultSummary{ display:block; /*justify-content:flex-end;*/ } .page_subcat_wrap{ padding:25px; } .page_subcat_wrap .subcat_wrap .oakcol{ display:block; width:50%; float:left; padding:10px 15px; } .page_subcat_wrap .subcat_wrap{ padding:30px; height:auto; } .page_subcat_wrap .subcat_wrap .oakcol a{ /*text-align:center;*/ font-size:18px; color:#fff; } .page_subcat_wrap .subcat_wrap .oakcol a.active-subcat{ color:#4a90e2; } .page_subcat_wrap .subcat_wrap .oakcol a.active-subcat::before{ content:"> "; } .page_subcat_wrap .subcat_wrap h4{ display:block; } .subcat{ display:none; } .page_subcat_wrap .subcat_wrap{ /*overflow-y:scroll;*/ } /*.grey-section{ padding:40px 0 100px 0; }*/ .div-container{ display:flex; } .section-title h2{ font-size:32px; } .boxed-article .ba-title{ margin:25px 0 0 0; } #cee_subcat_wrap{ /*background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(1, 1, 1, 0.5), rgba(1, 1, 1, 0.3)), url(../wp-content/uploads/2021/08/image-3.png); background-size:cover; background-repeat:no-repeat; background-position: bottom center;*/ } #label_total_shown{ display:inline-block; } .sortbytoggle-wrap, #results-orderby{ background:#4a90e2; } .results-header{ background:none; } } .category-list .category-card{ margin-bottom:0; } html { scroll-behavior: smooth; } @media (min-width:992px){ .article-single-page section .post-content .highlight{ float:right; margin: 20px 0 20px 20px; width:220px; } .mobile-related{ display:none; } .desktop-related{ display:block; } .econtalk-container{ display:flex; padding-right:15px; padding-left:15px; } #econtalk-extras-wrap .col-xl-3:first-child{ flex:0 0 50%; max-width:50%; } #econtalk-recent-image{ height:auto; width:40%; } #econtalk-recent-content{ width:60%; } #econtalk-recent-content, #econtalk-recent-image{ float:left; } #wrap-content-head{ padding:40px 40px 20px 40px; } #wrap-content-body{ padding:40px; } .btn_pill{ display:inline-block; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; } .econtalk-action-btn{ display:inline-block; margin-bottom:0; width:auto; text-align:left; } .lw-col{ width:50%; } .lw-col:first-child{ margin-right:20px; } #lw-article-wrap{ display:flex; } #lw-image{ display:block; width:45%; } #lw-content{ width:55%; margin-left:10px; } #browse-by-wrap{ display:flex; } #single-episode-archive-wrap #browse-by-wrap a:first-child{ margin-right:5%; } #browse-by-wrap a:first-child{ margin-right:8%; } #browse-by-wrap a{ height:225px; width:46%; } #econtalks .grid-masonry-item{ width:305px; float:left; } #econtalk-single-podcast-wrap{ display:flex; flex-direction:row; } #podcast-wrap-mobile{ display:none; } #podcast-wrap{ display:block; float:left; width:60%; padding:40px; } #podcast-img{ float:left; width:40%; height:auto; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap #nav-tabContent{ width:60%; float:left; padding:20px !important; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap #single-econtalk-tab-sidebar{ width:40%; float:left; padding:20px !important; } #single-episode-archive-wrap #browse-by-wrap div{ width:43%; } #wrap-btn-pills{ display:block; } .econtalk-archive-titles{ font-size:32px; } #econtalk-related-wrap{ background:none; } .lw_btn_pill{ float:right; border-radius:25px; margin-right:0; } #econtalk-single-tabs-wrap nav a{ margin-left:15px; margin-right:15px; margin-bottom:0; background:#fff; } /*#econtalk-single-podcast-wrap .btn-transcript, #econtalk-single-podcast-wrap .btn-listen{ display:inline-block; }*/ } @media (min-width:1180px){ .econlib_logo, .econlib_logo span{ display:block; } header .navbar-toggler{ display:none; } .navbar{ position:static; } .navbar-nav{ flex-direction:row; } .navbar-collapse{ display:block; } #menu-top-menu > .menu-item{ min-width:130px; text-align:center; flex-grow:1; } .navbar-nav .dropdown-menu{ /*position:absolute;*/ background:#72bdca; /*top:100%;*/ /*left:0; width:100%;*/ margin:0; border:0; border-radius:0; } li.menu-item-has-children{ position:static; } .main-header{ 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style="background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/october-1.jpg)"> <p class="article-issue">October<br />2024</p> </a> <a class="div-item current-month month-bg" href="#september" style="background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/september-1.jpg)"> <p class="article-issue">September<br />2024</p> </a> </div> </section> <a name="december"></a> <section class="col2"> <h2 class="lined"><span>December 2024</span></h2> <div class="div-container article-second-container"> <div class="div-item"> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/rabushkahongkong.html" alt="Freedom in Hong Kong: The Sweet and the Sour"><div class="article-img-bg" style='background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/British-Hong-Kong.jpg')> <span>Article</span> </div></a> <div class="div-item-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/rabushkahongkong.html" alt="Freedom in Hong Kong: The Sweet and the Sour">Freedom in Hong Kong: The Sweet and the Sour</a></h3> <p>By Alvin Rabushka</p> <p> Economic Freedom in Hong Kong The Fraser Institute's 2024 Economic Freedom of the World (EFW) report,1 its most recent edition, ranks Hong Kong as the world's freest economy in 2022. Since the first report in 1995, Hong Kong has invariably ranked first, with a ra...</p> </div> </div> <div class="div-item"> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/carsoncostchoice.html" alt="<em>Cost and Choice</em>: Insights for Choosers"><div class="article-img-bg" style='background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/9xdx8WZM.jpeg')> <span>Book Review</span> </div></a> <div class="div-item-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/carsoncostchoice.html" alt="<em>Cost and Choice</em>: Insights for Choosers"><em>Cost and Choice</em>: Insights for Choosers</a></h3> <p>By Byron Carson</p> <p> A Liberty Classic Book Review of Cost and Choice: An Inquiry in Economic Theory, by James M. Buchanan.1 In less than one hundred pages, James Buchanan excoriates economists鈥攃lassical and modern鈥攆or their unrecognized confusions about cost. More than an in...</p> </div> </div> <div class="div-item"> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/klingtruthvesteem.html" alt="Seeking Truth versus Seeking Esteem"><div class="article-img-bg" style='background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/truth-or-esteem.jpg')> <span>Book Review</span> </div></a> <div class="div-item-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/klingtruthvesteem.html" alt="Seeking Truth versus Seeking Esteem">Seeking Truth versus Seeking Esteem</a></h3> <p>By Arnold Kling</p> <p> So we have a way of telling which political activists actually care about society and which are merely trying to portray themselves as caring: The ones who actually care will exert significant effort to make sure that their beliefs are correct. 鈥擬ichael Hue...</p> </div> </div> <div class="div-item"> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/buftondemocracy.html" alt="Democracy’s Opportunity Cost"><div class="article-img-bg" style='background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/busy-people.jpg')> <span>Book Review</span> </div></a> <div class="div-item-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/buftondemocracy.html" alt="Democracy’s Opportunity Cost">Democracy’s Opportunity Cost</a></h3> <p>By Janet Bufton</p> <p> A Book Review of Democracy for Busy People, by Kevin J. Elliott.1 Kevin J. Elliott's 2023 book, Democracy for Busy People, is for anyone interested in liberal democratic politics. The book is worthwhile for classical liberals in particular because it handles topi...</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clear-fix"></div> </section> <a name="november"></a> <section class="col2"> <h2 class="lined"><span>November 2024</span></h2> <div class="div-container article-second-container"> <div class="div-item"> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/klinglucky.html" alt="Feeling Lucky?"><div class="article-img-bg" style='background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/feeling-lucky-scaled.jpg')> <span>Book Review</span> </div></a> <div class="div-item-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/klinglucky.html" alt="Feeling Lucky?">Feeling Lucky?</a></h3> <p>By Arnold Kling</p> <p> My appointment at Washington University was in the sociology department. During the autumn of my fourth year, I ran into a social work faculty friend of mine in the hallway of my building... she mentioned in passing that the social work school had a job opening that...</p> </div> </div> <div class="div-item"> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/mckenziethinking.html" alt="Thinking: Both Fundamental <em>and</em> Misunderstood"><div class="article-img-bg" style='background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/out-of-order-brain.jpg')> <span>Article</span> </div></a> <div class="div-item-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/mckenziethinking.html" alt="Thinking: Both Fundamental <em>and</em> Misunderstood">Thinking: Both Fundamental <em>and</em> Misunderstood</a></h3> <p>By Richard B. McKenzie</p> <p> In his 2017 Nobel lecture, University of Chicago Professor Richard Thaler focused on how his native discipline, economics, lost its analytical way when economists founded their theories on methodological sand, meaning a premise of not just human rationality, but perfect...</p> </div> </div> <div class="div-item"> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/mingardigorsuchnitze.html" alt="Freedom and the Lawmakers"><div class="article-img-bg" style='background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Depositphotos_183025426_S.jpg')> <span>Book Review</span> </div></a> <div class="div-item-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/mingardigorsuchnitze.html" alt="Freedom and the Lawmakers">Freedom and the Lawmakers</a></h3> <p>By Alberto Mingardi</p> <p> A Book Review of Over Ruled: The Human Toll of Too Much Law, by Neil Gorsuch and Janie Nitze.1 Liberties, Thomas Hobbes wrote, "depend on the silence of the law." Nowadays the law is very chatty. Here are three examples from the new book by Supreme Court Justice...</p> </div> </div> <div class="div-item"> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/cardenexploitation.html" alt="Conceived in Liberty or Conceived in Sin? Exploitation and Modern Prosperity"><div class="article-img-bg" style='background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/freedom-innovation.jpg')> <span>Article</span> </div></a> <div class="div-item-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/cardenexploitation.html" alt="Conceived in Liberty or Conceived in Sin? Exploitation and Modern Prosperity">Conceived in Liberty or Conceived in Sin? Exploitation and Modern Prosperity</a></h3> <p>By Art Carden</p> <p> Economics in One Lesson author Henry Hazlitt said that good ideas must be re-learned every generation. As I tell my economic history students, we're contending for the values of the Enlightenment鈥攍ife, liberty, equality, and the resulting prosperity. Contrary to what ...</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clear-fix"></div> </section> <a name="october"></a> <section class="col2"> <h2 class="lined"><span>October 2024</span></h2> <div class="div-container article-second-container"> <div class="div-item"> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/klingmisconceptions.html" alt="Beware of Economic Misconceptions"><div class="article-img-bg" style='background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/beware.jpg')> <span>Article</span> </div></a> <div class="div-item-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/klingmisconceptions.html" alt="Beware of Economic Misconceptions">Beware of Economic Misconceptions</a></h3> <p>By Arnold Kling</p> <p> Herbert Stein, an economist who served in the Nixon Administration, wrote a memoir in which he looked back on his experience. He wrote that two main lessons he had learned were: 1. Economists do not know very much. 2. Other people, including politicians who make...</p> </div> </div> <div class="div-item"> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/robsonbusiness.html" alt="Can We Morally Assess Business?"><div class="article-img-bg" style='background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/worthy-business.jpg')> <span>Article</span> </div></a> <div class="div-item-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/robsonbusiness.html" alt="Can We Morally Assess Business?">Can We Morally Assess Business?</a></h3> <p>By Gregory Robson</p> <p> It is not trite to say that businesses are only as good or as bad as their members. Businesses are, after all, human endeavors, and their success or failure depends on the competence and good will of their members. Yet the assaults on hierarchical firms and market econo...</p> </div> </div> <div class="div-item"> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/mungercapitalism.html" alt="Capitalism, Corruption, and the Ugly Pig"><div class="article-img-bg" style='background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/capitalist-pig.jpg')> <span>Book Review</span> </div></a> <div class="div-item-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/mungercapitalism.html" alt="Capitalism, Corruption, and the Ugly Pig">Capitalism, Corruption, and the Ugly Pig</a></h3> <p>By Michael Munger</p> <p> Book Review of What Went Wrong with Capitalism? by Ruchir Sharma.1 Capitalism has a "Pretty Pig" problem. The reference is to a state fair livestock contest, where there is a judging of the beauty of adult swine. There are only two entrants, because adult...</p> </div> </div> <div class="div-item"> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/hendersonwrongroad.html" alt="The <em>Wrong</em> Road to Freedom"><div class="article-img-bg" style='background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/wrong-road.jpg')> <span>Book Review</span> </div></a> <div class="div-item-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/hendersonwrongroad.html" alt="The <em>Wrong</em> Road to Freedom">The <em>Wrong</em> Road to Freedom</a></h3> <p>By David R. Henderson</p> <p> A Book Review of The Road to Freedom: Economics and the Good Society, by Joseph E. Stiglitz.1 Introduction Columbia University economics professor Joseph E. Stiglitz has recently published a book titled The Road to Freedom: Economics and the Good Society...</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clear-fix"></div> </section> <a name="september"></a> <section class="col2"> <h2 class="lined"><span>September 2024</span></h2> <div class="div-container article-second-container"> <div class="div-item"> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2023/zelmanovitzlanzisavings.html" alt="Cassandra and the Destruction of Savings"><div class="article-img-bg" style='background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/buring-money.jpg')> <span>Article</span> </div></a> <div class="div-item-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2023/zelmanovitzlanzisavings.html" alt="Cassandra and the Destruction of Savings">Cassandra and the Destruction of Savings</a></h3> <p>By Leonidas Zelmanovitz and Thomas Lanzi</p> <p> ... if we were able to adjust our accounting processes to the realities of taxpayers' obligations, the government deficit which enters into the savings of business and individuals would be offset by taxpayers' liabilities, the fiscal (revenue and expenditure) decision...</p> </div> </div> <div class="div-item"> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/gundermaneconomicjoy.html" alt="Joy in Economics… and Tolstoy?"><div class="article-img-bg" style='background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/袣邪写褉_懈蟹_褎懈谢褜屑邪_袗薪薪邪_袣邪褉械薪懈薪邪_1914_锌械褉械褕械写褕懈泄_胁_芯斜褖械褋褌胁械薪薪芯械_写芯褋褌芯褟薪懈械.jpg')> <span>Article</span> </div></a> <div class="div-item-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/gundermaneconomicjoy.html" alt="Joy in Economics… and Tolstoy?">Joy in Economics… and Tolstoy?</a></h3> <p>By Richard Gunderman</p> <p> Frontispiece, Anna Karenina, by Leo Tolstoy. This article was inspired by a recent Virtual Reading Group on Leo Tolstoy's Anna Karenina, led by Richard Gunderman. Learn more about our Virtual Reading Groups at the Online Library of Liberty. To what field o...</p> </div> </div> <div class="div-item"> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2023/broughelpricecontrols.html" alt="The Price Is Right: Setting the Record Straight on Price Controls and Inflation"><div class="article-img-bg" style='background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/DALL路E-2024-08-30-12.25.12-A-dramatic-and-symbolic-scene-depicting-a-war-being-waged-on-market-prices.-In-a-bustling-market-square-there-are-two-opposing-sides_-one-group-repre.jpeg')> <span>Book Review</span> </div></a> <div class="div-item-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2023/broughelpricecontrols.html" alt="The Price Is Right: Setting the Record Straight on Price Controls and Inflation">The Price Is Right: Setting the Record Straight on Price Controls and Inflation</a></h3> <p>By James Broughel</p> <p> Book Review of The War on Prices: How Popular Misconceptions about Inflation, Prices, and Value Create Bad Policy. 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Bourne, Ed.1 Price controls have grown increasingly common across large sectors of the economy such as finance and healthcare, espec...</p> </div> </div> <div class="div-item"> <a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/klingcooperativeape.html" alt="The Cooperative Ape"><div class="article-img-bg" style='background-image: url(https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/chimpanzee-family.jpg')> <span>Book Review</span> </div></a> <div class="div-item-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/columns/y2024/klingcooperativeape.html" alt="The Cooperative Ape">The Cooperative Ape</a></h3> <p>By Arnold Kling</p> <p> Unlike chimpanzees, which acquire the vast majority of their daily calorie intake from easy-to-find foods such as fruit and leaves, early humans occupied a more complex foraging niche, relying on foods they had to either extract (e.g., buried tubers, or nuts i...</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clear-fix"></div> </section> <div id="ajax-loaded-article">  </div> <section class="oak-more-entries"> <div class="slider"> <div class="line"></div> <div class="subline inc"></div> <div class="subline dec"></div> </div> <button id="btn-more-entries" class="btn-more-enteries" data-load-counter="3">More Entries</button> </section> <footer> <div class="site-container"> <div class="row footer-row-1"> <div class="col-1 footer-logo-wrap"> <img src="https://www.econlib.org/wp-content/themes/econlib/assets/icons/torch-icon.svg" width="80" height="120"> <h4>Econlib</h4> </div> <div class="col-2 footer-description"> <h4>The Library of Economics and Liberty</h4> <h3>Liberty Fund, Inc.</h3> <p>11301 N. 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