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Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrobit" title="Afrobit – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Afrobit" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrobeat" title="Afrobeat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Afrobeat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrobeat" title="Afrobeat – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Afrobeat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrobeat" title="Afrobeat – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Afrobeat" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrobito" title="Afrobito – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Afrobito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrobeat" title="Afrobeat – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Afrobeat" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="افروبیت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="افروبیت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrobeat" title="Afrobeat – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Afrobeat" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%EB%B9%84%ED%8A%B8" title="아프로비트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아프로비트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrobeat" title="Afrobeat – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Afrobeat" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrobeat" title="Afrobeat – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Afrobeat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrobeat" title="Afrobeat – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Afrobeat" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrobeat" title="Afrobeat – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Afrobeat" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrobeat" title="Afrobeat – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Afrobeat" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%98" title="אפרוביט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אפרוביט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrobeat" title="Afrobeat – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Afrobeat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrobeat" title="Afrobeat – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Afrobeat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%83%AD%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88" title="アフロビート – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アフロビート" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrobeat" title="Afrobeat – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Afrobeat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrobeat" title="Afrobeat – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Afrobeat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrobeat" title="Afrobeat – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Afrobeat" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Афробит – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Афробит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrobeat" title="Afrobeat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Afrobeat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrobeat" title="Afrobeat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Afrobeat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82" title="Афробіт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Афробіт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q388296#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> 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</nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the 1960s genre defined by Fela Kuti. 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Afrobeat</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_African_music" class="mw-redirect" title="West African music">West African music</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Highlife" title="Highlife">highlife</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_music" title="Yoruba music">Yoruba music</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_music" title="Igbo music">Igbo music</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Funk" title="Funk">funk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fuji_music" title="Fuji music">fuji music</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Cuban_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Cuban music">Afro-Cuban music</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">1960s, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Typical instruments</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Bass guitar</li><li><a href="/wiki/Sakara_drum" title="Sakara drum">sakara drum</a></li><li>drums</li><li>guitar</li><li><a href="/wiki/Horn_section" title="Horn section">horns</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hammond_organ" title="Hammond organ">Hammond organ</a></li><li>keyboards</li><li>percussion</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ogene" title="Ogene">Ogene</a></li><li>saxophone</li><li><a href="/wiki/Shekere" title="Shekere">shekere</a></li><li>vocals</li></ul></div><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Derivative forms</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrobeats" title="Afrobeats">Afrobeats</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Regional scenes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Nigeria</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Afrobeat</b> (also known as <b>Afrofunk</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a West African <a href="/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">music genre</a>, fusing influences from Nigerian (such as <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_music" title="Yoruba music">Yoruba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Igbo_music" title="Igbo music">Igbo music</a>) and Ghanaian (such as <a href="/wiki/Highlife" title="Highlife">highlife</a>) music, with American <a href="/wiki/Funk" title="Funk">funk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul</a> influences.<sup id="cite_ref-masterclass_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-masterclass-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With a focus on chanted vocals, complex intersecting rhythms, and percussion,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the style was pioneered in the 1960s by Nigerian multi-instrumentalist and bandleader <a href="/wiki/Fela_Kuti" title="Fela Kuti">Fela Kuti</a>, who popularised it both within and outside Nigeria. At the height of his popularity, he was referred to as one of Africa's most "challenging and charismatic music performers."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Distinct from Afrobeat is <a href="/wiki/Afrobeats" title="Afrobeats">Afrobeats</a>, a combination of sounds originating in West Africa in the 21st century. This takes on diverse influences and is an eclectic combination of genres such as <a href="/wiki/British_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="British hip hop">hip hop</a>, <a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">house</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B9j%C3%BA_music" title="Jùjú music">jùjú</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ndombolo" title="Ndombolo">ndombolo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B" title="Contemporary R&B">R&B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soca_music" title="Soca music">soca</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dancehall" title="Dancehall">dancehall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Fader_22_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Fader_22-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two genres, though often conflated, are not the same.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Fader_22_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Fader_22-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sean_Kuti_%26_Egypt_80_at_NH7_Weekender.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Seun Kuti during an Afrobeat performance" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Sean_Kuti_%26_Egypt_80_at_NH7_Weekender.jpg/264px-Sean_Kuti_%26_Egypt_80_at_NH7_Weekender.jpg" decoding="async" width="264" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Sean_Kuti_%26_Egypt_80_at_NH7_Weekender.jpg/396px-Sean_Kuti_%26_Egypt_80_at_NH7_Weekender.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Sean_Kuti_%26_Egypt_80_at_NH7_Weekender.jpg/528px-Sean_Kuti_%26_Egypt_80_at_NH7_Weekender.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2464" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Seun_Kuti" title="Seun Kuti">Seun Kuti</a> during an Afrobeat performance<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrobeat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fela_Kuti_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Fela_Kuti_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="192" height="263" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="263" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fela_Kuti" title="Fela Kuti">Fela Kuti</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Afrobeat evolved in <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> in the late 1960s by <a href="/wiki/Fela_Kuti" title="Fela Kuti">Fela Anikulapo Kuti</a>, (born Olufela Olusegun Oludotun) who, with drummer <a href="/wiki/Tony_Allen_(musician)" title="Tony Allen (musician)">Tony Allen</a>, experimented with different contemporary music of that time. Afrobeat was influenced by a combination of different genres, such as <a href="/wiki/Highlife" title="Highlife">highlife</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fuji_music" title="Fuji music">fuji</a>, and <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B9j%C3%BA_music" title="Jùjú music">jùjú</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_music" title="Yoruba music">Yoruba</a> vocal traditions, rhythm, and instruments.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 1950s, Kuti left <a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a> to study abroad at the London School of Music, where he took lessons in piano<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and percussion<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was exposed to jazz. <a href="/wiki/Fela_Kuti" title="Fela Kuti">Fela Kuti</a> returned to Lagos and played a highlife-jazz hybrid, albeit, without commercial success.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1969, Kuti and his band went on a trip to the U.S. and met a woman by the name of Sandra Smith, a singer and former <a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_Party" title="Black Panther Party">Black Panther</a>. Sandra Smith (now known as Sandra Izsadore or Sandra Akanke Isidore) introduced Kuti to many writings of activists such as <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis">Angela Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a>, and his biggest influence of all, <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X" title="Malcolm X">Malcolm X</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Kuti was interested in African-American politics, Smith would make it her duty to inform Kuti of current events; in return, Kuti would fill her in on African culture. Since Kuti stayed at Smith's house and spent so much time with her, he started to re-evaluate his music genre. That was when Kuti realized that he was not playing African music. From that day forward, Kuti changed his sound and the message behind his music.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon arriving in Nigeria, Kuti had also changed the name of his group to "<a href="/wiki/Africa_%2770_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Africa '70 (band)">Africa '70</a>". The new sound hailed from a club he established called the <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrika Shrine">Afrika Shrine</a>. The band maintained a five-year residency at the Afrika Shrine from 1970 to 1975 while Afrobeat thrived among Nigerian youth.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another influential person <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Stephen_Oche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ray Stephen Oche (page does not exist)">Ray Stephen Oche</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Stephen_Oche" class="extiw" title="de:Ray Stephen Oche">de</a>]</span>, a Nigerian musician touring from Paris, France, with his Matumbo orchestra in the 1970s. </p><p>The name was partially born out of an attempt to distinguish Fela Kuti's music from the <a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul music</a> of American artists such as <a href="/wiki/James_Brown" title="James Brown">James Brown</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prevalent in his and <a href="/wiki/Lagbaja" title="Lagbaja">Lagbaja</a>'s music are native Nigerian harmonies and rhythms, taking contrasting elements and combining, modernizing, and improvising upon them. Politics is essential to Afrobeat, due to Kuti using social criticism to pave the way for change. His message can be described as confrontational and controversial, which relates to the political climate of most of the African countries in the 1970s, many of which were dealing with political injustice and military corruption while recovering from the transition from colonial governments to self-determination. As the genre spread throughout the African continent, many bands took up the style. The recordings of these bands and their songs were rarely heard or exported outside the originating countries but many can now be found on <a href="/wiki/Compilation_album" title="Compilation album">compilation albums</a> and CDs from specialist record shops.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrobeat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> musicians have been attracted to the aromatic genre of Afrobeat. From <a href="/wiki/Roy_Ayers" title="Roy Ayers">Roy Ayers</a> in the 1970s to <a href="/wiki/Randy_Weston" title="Randy Weston">Randy Weston</a> in the 1990s, there have been collaborations that resulted in albums such as <i>Africa: Centre of the World</i> by Roy Ayers, released on the <a href="/wiki/Polydor_Records" title="Polydor Records">Polydore</a> label in 1981. In 1994, <a href="/wiki/Branford_Marsalis" title="Branford Marsalis">Branford Marsalis</a>, the American jazz saxophonist, included samples of Fela's "Beasts of No Nation" on his <i><a href="/wiki/Buckshot_LeFonque_(album)" title="Buckshot LeFonque (album)">Buckshot LeFonque</a></i> album. </p><p>Afrobeat has also profoundly influenced various <span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">important</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (March 2023)">according to whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> contemporary producers and musicians, such as <a href="/wiki/Brian_Eno" title="Brian Eno">Brian Eno</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Byrne" title="David Byrne">David Byrne</a>, who credit Fela Kuti as an essential influence.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both worked on <a href="/wiki/Talking_Heads" title="Talking Heads">Talking Heads</a>' highly acclaimed 1980 album <i><a href="/wiki/Remain_in_Light" title="Remain in Light">Remain in Light</a></i>, which brought polyrhythmic Afrobeat influences to Western music. The new generation of DJs and musicians of the 2000s who have fallen in love with both Kuti's material and other rare releases have made compilations and <a href="/wiki/Remix" title="Remix">remixes</a> of these recordings, thus re-introducing the genre to new generations of listeners and fans of <a href="/wiki/Afro_pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro pop music">afropop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Groove_(music)" title="Groove (music)">groove</a>. </p><p>In the late 1990s and early 2000s, a small Afrobeat scene began in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, New York, with projects including <a href="/wiki/Antibalas" title="Antibalas">Antibalas</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Daktaris" title="The Daktaris">The Daktaris</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kokolo_Afrobeat_Orchestra" title="Kokolo Afrobeat Orchestra">Kokolo Afrobeat Orchestra</a>. Since then, other artists like <a href="/wiki/Zongo_Junction" title="Zongo Junction">Zongo Junction</a> have come onto the scene. Many others have cited Afrobeat as an influence, like Daptone Records-adjacent groups <a href="/wiki/The_Budos_Band" title="The Budos Band">The Budos Band</a> and <a href="/wiki/El_Michels_Affair" title="El Michels Affair">El Michels Affair</a>. The horn section of Antibalas have been guest musicians on <a href="/wiki/TV_on_the_Radio" title="TV on the Radio">TV on the Radio</a>'s highly acclaimed 2008 album <i><a href="/wiki/Dear_Science" title="Dear Science">Dear Science</a></i>, as well as on British band <a href="/wiki/Foals_(band)" title="Foals (band)">Foals</a>' 2008 album <i><a href="/wiki/Antidotes" class="mw-redirect" title="Antidotes">Antidotes</a></i>. Further examples are Val Veneto, Radio Bantu, Tam Tam Afrobeat, Combo Makabro, Marabunta Orquesta, Minga!, Antropofonica, Guanabana Afrobeat Orquesta, El Gran Capitan, Morbo y Mambo, Luka Afrobeat Orquesta or NikiLauda. Some Afrobeat influence can also be found in the music of <a href="/wiki/Vampire_Weekend" title="Vampire Weekend">Vampire Weekend</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Simon" title="Paul Simon">Paul Simon</a>. In 2020, Antibalas was nominated for the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Global_Music_Album" title="Grammy Award for Best Global Music Album">Grammy Award for Best Global Music Album</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Afrobeat artists of the 2000s and present continue to follow in the footsteps of Fela Kuti. Some examples of these artists are his sons <a href="/wiki/Femi_Kuti" title="Femi Kuti">Femi Kuti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seun_Kuti" title="Seun Kuti">Seun Kuti</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Franck_Biyong_%26_Massak" class="mw-redirect" title="Franck Biyong & Massak">Franck Biyong & Massak</a> (from Cameroon), London Afrobeat Collective (from London, UK), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Segun_Damisa_%26_the_Afro-beat_Crusaders&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Segun Damisa & the Afro-beat Crusaders (page does not exist)">Segun Damisa & the Afro-beat Crusaders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaolin_Afronauts" title="Shaolin Afronauts">Shaolin Afronauts</a> (from Adelaide, Australia), <a href="/wiki/Newen_Afrobeat" title="Newen Afrobeat">Newen Afrobeat</a> (from Santiago, Chile), Eddy Taylor & the Heartphones (from Cologne, Germany), <a href="/wiki/Bantucrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantucrew">Bantucrew</a>, the Albinoid Afrobeat Orchestra / Albinoid Sound System (from Strasbourg, France), Underground System / Underground System Afrobeat (from Brooklyn, New York), Abayomy Afrobeat Orquestra, Chicago Afrobeat Orchestra, Warsaw Afrobeat Orchestra, Karl Hector & the Malcouns (from Munich, Germany), Ojibo Afrobeat (from Vilnius, Lithuania), <a href="/wiki/Afrodizz" title="Afrodizz">Afrodizz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dele_Sosimi" title="Dele Sosimi">Dele Sosimi</a> and the ex-Africa '70 members <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oghene_Kologbo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oghene Kologbo (page does not exist)">Oghene Kologbo</a> (guitar) with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrobeat_Academy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrobeat Academy (page does not exist)">Afrobeat Academy</a>, Nicholas Addo-Nettey (percussion), who is also known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pax_Nicholas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pax Nicholas (page does not exist)">Pax Nicholas</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pax_Nicholas" class="extiw" title="de:Pax Nicholas">de</a>]</span>, with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ridimtaksi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ridimtaksi (page does not exist)">Ridimtaksi</a> (both based in Berlin, Germany). Namibian artist <a href="/wiki/EES_(rapper)" title="EES (rapper)">EES</a> (Eric Sell) associates Afrobeat with <a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">reggae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kwaito" title="Kwaito">kwaito</a>. </p><p>In 2009, the music label <a href="/wiki/Knitting_Factory_Records" title="Knitting Factory Records">Knitting Factory Records</a> (KFR) produced the <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> musical <i><a href="/wiki/Fela!" title="Fela!">Fela!</a></i> The story showcased Kuti's "courage and incredible musical mastery" along with the story of his life. The show had 11 <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony</a> nominations, receiving three for Best Costumes, Best Sound and Best Choreography. <i>Fela!</i> was on Broadway for 15 months and was produced by notables such as <a href="/wiki/Jay-Z" title="Jay-Z">Shawn "Jay-Z " Carter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Will_Smith" title="Will Smith">Will</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jada_Pinkett-Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Jada Pinkett-Smith">Jada Pinkett-Smith</a>. Many celebrities were noted as attending the shows, including <a href="/wiki/Denzel_Washington" title="Denzel Washington">Denzel Washington</a>, Madonna, Sting, <a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a> (who saw it eight times), <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a>. <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Williams_(singer)" title="Michelle Williams (singer)">Michelle Williams</a>, former singer of girl group <a href="/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child" title="Destiny's Child">Destiny's Child</a>, was cast as the role of Sandra Izsadore.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fela Kuti's music has been sampled by various hip-hop musicians such as <a href="/wiki/Missy_Elliott" title="Missy Elliott">Missy Elliott</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._Cole" title="J. Cole">J. Cole</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a>, as well as other popular acts such as <a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="FAI"></span>The "Festival de Afrobeat Independiente" (FAI) takes place regularly in <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, where regional bands as well as renown Afrobeat acts perform. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrobeat&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrobeats" title="Afrobeats">Afrobeats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afroswing" title="Afroswing">Afroswing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confusion_(album)" title="Confusion (album)"><i>Confusion</i> (album)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_music_(genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin music (genre)">Latin music (genre)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrobeat&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://afropop.org/articles/mark-levine-ghanas-afro-funk-history">"Afropop Worldwide | Mark LeVine: Ghana's Afro-Funk History"</a>. <i>Afropop Worldwide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FELA%21+On+Broadway&rft.atitle=About+%7C+FELA%21+On+Broadway&rft.aulast=Brantley&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.felaonbroadway.com%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrobeat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFContehC.J2022" class="citation magazine cs1">Conteh, Mankaprr; C.J, Nelson (12 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/afrobeats-global-rise-1282575/">"How Afrobeats is Making the World Listen"</a>. <i>Rolling Stone</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Malik (26 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.okayafrica.com/fela-kuti-afrobeat-hip-hop-samples/">"Afrobeat In Hip-Hop: The Influence On The Influential - Okayplayer"</a>. <i>www.okayafrica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.okayafrica.com&rft.atitle=Afrobeat+In+Hip-Hop%3A+The+Influence+On+The+Influential+-+Okayplayer&rft.date=2013-06-26&rft.aulast=McPherson&rft.aufirst=A.+Malik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.okayafrica.com%2Ffela-kuti-afrobeat-hip-hop-samples%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrobeat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrobeat&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/music/musicdirectory/afrobeat.shtml">Afrobeat (BBC archived page)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2015/october-22nd/fela-kuti-coined-afrobeat-in-accra-out-of-hate-for-james-brown-prof-john-collins.php">Fela Kuti coined Afrobeat in Accra out of hate for James Brown – Prof John Collins</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Genres_of_African_popular_music" title="Template:Genres of African popular music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Genres_of_African_popular_music" title="Template talk:Genres of African popular music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Genres_of_African_popular_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Genres of African popular music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Genres_of_African_popular_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Genres of <a href="/wiki/African_popular_music" title="African popular music">African popular music</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_blues" title="African blues">African blues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desert_blues" title="Desert blues">desert blues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_hip_hop" title="African hip hop">African hip hop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_hip_hop" title="Algerian hip hop">Algerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_hip_hop" title="Gambian hip hop">Gambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gh_hiphop" class="mw-redirect" title="Gh hiphop">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivorian_hip_hop" title="Ivorian hip hop">Ivorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_hip_hop" title="Kenyan hip hop">Kenyan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boomba_music" title="Boomba music">Boomba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genge" title="Genge">Genge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_hip_hop" title="Malawian hip hop">Malawian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_hip_hop" title="Moroccan hip hop">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauritian hip hop">Mauritian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_rap" title="Igbo rap">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerien_hip_hop" title="Nigerien hip hop">Nigerien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_hip_hop" title="Senegalese hip hop">Senegalese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_galsen" title="Hip hop galsen">Hip hop galsen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_hip_hop" title="Tanzanian hip hop">Tanzanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bongo_Flava" title="Bongo Flava">Bongo Flava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenji_flava" title="Zenji flava">Zenji flava</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_hip_hop" title="Togolese hip hop">Togolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_hip_hop" title="Zimbabwean hip hop">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_reggae" title="African reggae">African reggae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_reggae" title="Nigerian reggae">Nigerian reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seggae" title="Seggae">Seggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimdancehall" title="Zimdancehall">Zimdancehall</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Afrobeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrobeats" title="Afrobeats">Afrobeats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-rock">Afro-rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_heavy_metal" title="African heavy metal">African heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamrock" title="Zamrock">Zamrock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-soul" title="Afro-soul">Afro-soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt%C3%A9" title="Alté">Alté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amapiano" title="Amapiano">Amapiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambasse_bey" title="Ambasse bey">Ambasse bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apala" title="Apala">Apala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assiko" title="Assiko">Assiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azonto" title="Azonto">Azonto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajourou" title="Bajourou">Bajourou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantowbol" title="Bantowbol">Bantowbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batuque_(music_and_dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Batuque (music and dance)">Batuque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bend-skin" title="Bend-skin">Bend-skin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benga_music" title="Benga music">Benga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bikutsi" title="Bikutsi">Bikutsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_jazz" title="Cape jazz">Cape jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaabi_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaabi (music)">Chaabi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaabi_(Algeria)" title="Chaabi (Algeria)">Algerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaabi_(Morocco)" title="Chaabi (Morocco)">Moroccan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimurenga_music" title="Chimurenga music">Chimurenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Col%C3%A1" title="Colá">Colá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coladeira" title="Coladeira">Coladeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_rumba" title="Congolese rumba">Congolese rumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9-d%C3%A9cal%C3%A9" title="Coupé-décalé">Coupé-décalé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edo_Funk" title="Edo Funk">Edo Funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuji_music" title="Fuji music">Fuji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funan%C3%A1" title="Funaná">Funaná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnawa_music" title="Gnawa music">Gnawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gqom" title="Gqom">Gqom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highlife" title="Highlife">Highlife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burger-highlife" title="Burger-highlife">Burger-highlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_highlife" title="Igbo highlife">Igbo highlife</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipco" title="Hipco">Hipco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiplife" title="Hiplife">Hiplife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isicathamiya" title="Isicathamiya">Isicathamiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaiva" title="Jaiva">Jaiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jit" title="Jit">Jit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B9j%C3%BA_music" title="Jùjú music">Jùjú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadongo_Kamu" title="Kadongo Kamu">Kadongo Kamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidandali" title="Kidandali">Kidandali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizomba" title="Kizomba">Kizomba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuduro" title="Kuduro">Kuduro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwaito" title="Kwaito">Kwaito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwela" title="Kwela">Kwela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logobi" title="Logobi">Logobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madiaba" title="Madiaba">Madiaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahraganat" title="Mahraganat">Mahraganat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makossa" title="Makossa">Makossa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marabi" title="Marabi">Marabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marrabenta" title="Marrabenta">Marrabenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maloya" title="Maloya">Maloya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbalax" title="Mbalax">Mbalax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbaqanga" title="Mbaqanga">Mbaqanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbube_(genre)" title="Mbube (genre)">Mbube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morna_(music)" title="Morna (music)">Morna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_pop" title="Moroccan pop">Moroccan pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motswako" title="Motswako">Motswako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muziki_wa_dansi" title="Muziki wa dansi">Muziki wa dansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndombolo" title="Ndombolo">Ndombolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Njuup" title="Njuup">Njuup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odi_Pop" title="Odi Pop">Odi Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm-wine_music" title="Palm-wine music">Palm-wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%AF" title="Raï">Raï</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%AF%27n%27B" title="Raï'n'B">Raï'n'B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakara_music" title="Sakara music">Sakara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salegy" title="Salegy">Salegy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%C3%A9_engag%C3%A9" title="Santé engagé">Santé engagé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_(genre)" title="Sega (genre)">Sega</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seggae" title="Seggae">Seggae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semba" title="Semba">Semba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaabi" title="Shaabi">Shaabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangaan_electro" title="Shangaan electro">Shangaan Electro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singeli" title="Singeli">Singeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soukous" title="Soukous">Soukous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sudan#The_1930s_up_to_the_1950s_–_Rise_of_popular_music_through_records,_radio_and_music_halls" title="Music of Sudan">Sudanese popular music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taarab" title="Taarab">Taarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabanka" title="Tabanka">Tabanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarraxinha" title="Tarraxinha">Tarraxinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassoulou_music" title="Wassoulou music">Wassoulou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaley" title="Zaley">Zaley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziglibithy" title="Ziglibithy">Ziglibithy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_jazz" title="Zimbabwean jazz">Zimbabwean jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoblazo" title="Zoblazo">Zoblazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zouglou" title="Zouglou">Zouglou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Funk_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Funk" title="Template:Funk"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Funk" title="Template talk:Funk"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Funk" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Funk"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Funk_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Funk" title="Funk">Funk music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avant-funk" title="Avant-funk">Avant-funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brit_funk" title="Brit funk">Brit funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_funk" title="Deep funk">Deep funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_funk" title="Free funk">Free funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funk_rock" title="Funk rock">Funk rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Funk_metal" title="Funk metal">Funk metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis_sound" title="Minneapolis sound">Minneapolis sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_funk" title="Punk funk">Punk funk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funktronica" class="mw-redirect" title="Funktronica">Funktronica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-funk" title="G-funk">G-funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-go" title="Go-go">Go-go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz-funk" title="Jazz-funk">Jazz-funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu-funk" class="mw-redirect" title="Nu-funk">Nu-funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_funk" title="Psychedelic funk">Psychedelic funk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_jazz" title="Acid jazz">Acid jazz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Afrobeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_funk_musicians" title="List of funk musicians">List of funk musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funk_carioca" title="Funk carioca">Funk carioca</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Funk_melody" title="Funk melody">Funk melody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funk_ousadia" title="Funk ousadia">Funk ousadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funk_ostenta%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Funk ostentação">Funk paulista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proibid%C3%A3o" title="Proibidão">Proibidão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasteirinha" title="Rasteirinha">Rasteirinha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funky_house" title="Funky house">Funky house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_funk" title="Liquid funk">Liquid funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurofunk" title="Neurofunk">Neurofunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-Funk" class="mw-redirect" title="P-Funk">P-Funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-disco" title="Post-disco">Post-disco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare_groove" title="Rare groove">Rare groove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_rock" title="Samba rock">Samba rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skweee" title="Skweee">Skweee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp_rock" title="Swamp rock">Swamp rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timba" title="Timba">Timba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamrock" title="Zamrock">Zamrock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jazz" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: Pink"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jazz" title="Template:Jazz"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jazz" title="Template talk:Jazz"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jazz" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jazz"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jazz" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_jazz" title="Outline of jazz">Outline of jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_(word)" title="Jazz (word)">Jazz (word)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_band" title="Jazz band">Jazz band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">Big band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_improvisation" title="Musical improvisation">Improvisation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_improvisation" title="Jazz improvisation">Jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jam_session" title="Jam session">Jam session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scat_singing" title="Scat singing">Scat singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_(jazz_performance_style)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swing (jazz performance style)">Swing performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_bass" title="Jazz bass">Jazz bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_drumming" title="Jazz drumming">Jazz drumming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_guitar" title="Jazz guitar">Jazz guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_horn_in_jazz" title="French horn in jazz">French horn in jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_piano" title="Jazz piano">Jazz piano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_trombone" title="Jazz trombone">Jazz trombone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_violin" title="Jazz violin">Jazz violin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_jazz" title="Vocal jazz">Vocal jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_jazz" title="Women in jazz">Women in jazz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_genres" title="List of jazz genres">Genres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_jazz" title="Avant-garde jazz">Avant-garde jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebop" title="Bebop">Bebop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hard_bop" title="Hard bop">Hard bop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-bop" title="Neo-bop">Neo-bop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-bop" title="Post-bop">Post-bop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_jazz" title="Cape jazz">Cape jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_jazz" title="Chamber jazz">Chamber jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz">Cool jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixieland" class="mw-redirect" title="Dixieland">Dixieland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_jazz" title="Flamenco jazz">Flamenco jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_jazz" title="Folk jazz">Folk jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_jazz" title="Free jazz">Free jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_funk" title="Free funk">Free funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_improvisation" title="Free improvisation">Free improvisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_jazz" title="Punk jazz">Punk jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_jazz" title="Gypsy jazz">Gypsy jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz-funk" title="Jazz-funk">Jazz-funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion">Jazz fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_rap" title="Jazz rap">Jazz rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz">Latin jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Cuban_jazz" title="Afro-Cuban jazz">Afro-Cuban jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-Base" title="M-Base">M-Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainstream_jazz" title="Mainstream jazz">Mainstream jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marabi" title="Marabi">Marabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modal_jazz" title="Modal jazz">Modal jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_jazz" title="Nu jazz">Nu jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestral_jazz" title="Orchestral jazz">Orchestral jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_trio" title="Organ trio">Organ trio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_jazz" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive jazz">Progressive jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ska_jazz" title="Ska jazz">Ska jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smooth_jazz" title="Smooth jazz">Smooth jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_jazz" title="Soul jazz">Soul jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_jazz" title="Spiritual jazz">Spiritual jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_jazz" title="Sacred jazz">Sacred jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stride_(music)" title="Stride (music)">Stride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_music" title="Swing music">Swing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swing_revival" title="Swing revival">Swing revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_stream" title="Third stream">Third stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trad_jazz" title="Trad jazz">Trad jazz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_musicians" title="List of jazz musicians">Musicians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_bassists" title="List of jazz bassists">Bassists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_musicians#Clarinet" title="List of jazz musicians">Clarinetists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_drummers" title="List of jazz drummers">Drummers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_guitarists" title="List of jazz guitarists">Guitarists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_organists" title="List of jazz organists">Organists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_percussionists" title="List of jazz percussionists">Percussionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_pianists" title="List of jazz pianists">Pianists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_saxophonists" title="List of jazz saxophonists">Saxophonists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_trombonists" title="List of jazz trombonists">Trombonists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_trumpeters" title="List of jazz trumpeters">Trumpeters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vibraphonists" title="List of vibraphonists">Vibraphonists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_violinists" title="List of jazz violinists">Violinists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_vocalists" title="List of jazz vocalists">Vocalists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Musicians by genre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bebop_musicians" title="List of bebop musicians">Bebop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chamber_jazz_musicians" title="List of chamber jazz musicians">Chamber jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cool_jazz_and_West_Coast_jazz_musicians" title="List of cool jazz and West Coast jazz musicians">Cool jazz and West Coast jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hard_bop_musicians" title="List of hard bop musicians">Hard bop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_fusion_musicians" title="List of jazz fusion musicians">Jazz fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_scat_singers" title="List of scat singers">Scat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_smooth_jazz_musicians" title="List of smooth jazz musicians">Smooth jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_soul_jazz_musicians" title="List of soul jazz musicians">Soul jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_swing_musicians" title="List of swing musicians">Swing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jazz_standard" title="Jazz standard">Standards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pre-1920_jazz_standards" title="List of pre-1920 jazz standards">Pre-1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_1920s_jazz_standards" title="List of 1920s jazz standards">1920s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_1930s_jazz_standards" title="List of 1930s jazz standards">1930s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_1940s_jazz_standards" title="List of 1940s jazz standards">1940s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_post-1950_jazz_standards" title="List of post-1950 jazz standards">post-1950</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Discographies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem_Records" title="Bethlehem Records">Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Note_Records_discography" title="Blue Note Records discography">Blue Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BYG_Records" title="BYG Records">BYG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobblestone_Records" title="Cobblestone Records">Cobblestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Records" title="Contemporary Records">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTI_Records" title="CTI Records">CTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECM_Records" title="ECM Records">ECM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESP-Disk" title="ESP-Disk">ESP-Disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_Dutchman_Records" title="Flying Dutchman Records">Flying Dutchman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Records" title="Freedom Records">Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groove_Merchant" title="Groove Merchant">Groove Merchant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impulse!_Records_discography" title="Impulse! Records discography">Impulse!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Navigation" title="India Navigation">India Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JMT_Records" title="JMT Records">JMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landmark_Records" title="Landmark Records">Landmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainstream_Records" title="Mainstream Records">Mainstream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milestone_Records_discography" title="Milestone Records discography">Milestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPS_Records" title="MPS Records">MPS Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPS_Records_discography" title="MPS Records discography">MPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muse_Records" title="Muse Records">Muse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prestige_Records_discography" title="Prestige Records discography">Prestige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_Records_discography" title="Riverside Records discography">Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strata-East_Records" title="Strata-East Records">Strata-East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verve_Records_discography" title="Verve Records discography">Verve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_%26_Winter_Records" title="Winter & Winter Records">Winter & Winter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_festivals" title="List of jazz festivals">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaches_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Beaches International Jazz Festival">Beaches (Toronto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Town_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Cape Town International Jazz Festival">Cape Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Jazz_Festival" title="Chicago Jazz Festival">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_Jazz_Festival" title="Copenhagen Jazz Festival">Copenhagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_International_Java_Jazz_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakarta International Java Jazz Festival">Jakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterey_Jazz_Festival" title="Monterey Jazz Festival">Monterey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Montreal International Jazz Festival">Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreux_Jazz_Festival" title="Montreux Jazz Festival">Montreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Jazz_%26_Heritage_Festival" title="New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Jazz_Festival" title="Newport Jazz Festival">Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_Jazz_Festival" title="North Sea Jazz Festival">North Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pori_Jazz" title="Pori Jazz">Pori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia_Jazz_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lucia Jazz Festival">Saint Lucia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_contrafacts" title="List of jazz contrafacts">Contrafacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_institutions_and_organizations" title="List of jazz institutions and organizations">Institutions and organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_funeral" title="Jazz funeral">Jazz funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_poetry" title="Jazz poetry">Jazz poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_royalty" title="Jazz royalty">Jazz royalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_harmony" title="Jazz harmony">Jazz theory</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Template:Jazz_theory" title="Template:Jazz theory">See Template: Jazz theory</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare_groove" title="Rare groove">Rare groove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_line_(parades)" title="Second line (parades)">Second line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_venues" title="List of jazz venues">Venues</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Regional scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">African</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethio-jazz" title="Ethio-jazz">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Malawi#Malawian_jazz" title="Music of Malawi">Malawian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_jazz" title="South African jazz">South African</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_jazz" title="Cape jazz">Cape jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marabi" title="Marabi">Marabi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_jazz" title="Zimbabwean jazz">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Asian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_jazz" title="Armenian jazz">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_jazz" title="Azerbaijani jazz">Azerbaijani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_mugham" title="Jazz mugham">Jazz mugham</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_in_India" title="Jazz in India">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo_jazz" title="Indo jazz">Indo jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitar_in_jazz" title="Sitar in jazz">Sitar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_jazz" title="Iranian jazz">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_jazz" title="Japanese jazz">Japanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">European</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_jazz" title="Balkan jazz">Balkan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_jazz" title="Bulgarian jazz">Bulgarian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_jazz" title="Belgian jazz">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_jazz" title="British jazz">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_dance_band" title="British dance band">British dance band</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_jazz" title="Continental jazz">Continental European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_in_Czechoslovakia" title="Jazz in Czechoslovakia">Czech and Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_jazz" title="Danish jazz">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_jazz" title="Dutch jazz">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_free_jazz" title="European free jazz">European free jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_jazz" title="French jazz">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_jazz" title="German jazz">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_jazz" title="Italian jazz">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_jazz" title="Polish jazz">Polish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yass_(music)" title="Yass (music)">Yass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_jazz" title="Spanish jazz">Spanish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_jazz" title="Flamenco jazz">Flamenco jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_jazz" title="Swedish jazz">Swedish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">North American</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_jazz" title="Canadian jazz">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini-jazz" title="Mini-jazz">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz">Latin American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Cuban_jazz" title="Afro-Cuban jazz">Cuban</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="American" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">American</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Baltimore#Jazz" title="Music of Baltimore">Baltimore jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Chicago#Jazz" title="Music of Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_jazz" title="Kansas City jazz">Kansas City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Orleans#Jazz" title="Music of New Orleans">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_York_City#Blues_and_jazz" title="Music of New York City">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Washington,_D.C.#Jazz" title="Music of Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_jazz" title="West Coast jazz">West Coast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Oceanian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_jazz" title="Australian jazz">Australian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">South American</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_jazz" title="Brazilian jazz">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz">Latin American</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Worldwide</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethno_jazz" title="Ethno jazz">Ethno jazz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_jazz" title="Bibliography of jazz">Bibliography of jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_dance_band" title="British dance band">British dance band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">Ragtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Age" title="Jazz Age">Jazz Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_jazz" title="Continental jazz">Continental jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-ahead_jazz" title="Straight-ahead jazz">Straight-ahead jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pre-1920_jazz_standards" title="List of pre-1920 jazz standards">Pre-1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920s_in_jazz" title="1920s in jazz">1920s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930s_in_jazz" title="1930s in jazz">1930s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940s_in_jazz" title="1940s in jazz">1940s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950s_in_jazz" title="1950s in jazz">1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960s_in_jazz" title="1960s in jazz">1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970s_in_jazz" title="1970s in jazz">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980s_in_jazz" title="1980s in jazz">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990s_in_jazz" title="1990s in jazz">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000s_in_jazz" title="2000s in jazz">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010s_in_jazz" title="2010s in jazz">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_jazz" title="2020 in jazz">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_jazz" title="2021 in jazz">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_jazz" title="2022 in jazz">2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_jazz" title="Acid jazz">Acid jazz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Afrobeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contradanza" title="Contradanza">Contradanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jump_blues" title="Jump blues">Jump blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_blues" title="New Orleans blues">New Orleans blues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brass_band" title="Brass band">Brass band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exotica" title="Exotica">Exotica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plugg_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plugg (music)">Plugg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiet_storm" title="Quiet storm">Quiet storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">Ragtime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novelty_piano" title="Novelty piano">Novelty ragtime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophisti-pop" title="Sophisti-pop">Sophisti-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_West_Africa" title="Music of West Africa">West African music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_swing" title="Western swing">Western swing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Album_covers_of_Blue_Note_Records" title="Album covers of Blue Note Records">Album covers of Blue Note Records</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bird_(1988_film)" title="Bird (1988 film)">Bird</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_(miniseries)" title="Jazz (miniseries)"><i>Jazz</i> (miniseries)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jazz_Singer" title="The Jazz Singer">The Jazz Singer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Round_Midnight_(film)" title="Round Midnight (film)">Round Midnight</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thelonious_Monk:_Straight,_No_Chaser" title="Thelonious Monk: Straight, No Chaser">Straight, No Chaser</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: Pink"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saxo_Boca1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/15px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/23px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/30px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="230" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Jazz" title="Portal:Jazz">Jazz portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q388296#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q388296#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q388296#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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