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Mongolian name - Wikipedia
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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mongolia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mongolia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Mongolia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mongolia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inner_Mongolia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inner_Mongolia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Inner Mongolia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inner_Mongolia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siblings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siblings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Siblings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siblings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taboo_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taboo_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Taboo names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taboo_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nicknames" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nicknames"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Nicknames</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nicknames-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Name_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Name structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_common_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nombres_mongoles" title="Nombres mongoles – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nombres mongoles" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84" title="몽골 이름 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="몽골 이름" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AB%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%AE%E5%90%8D%E5%89%8D" title="モンゴル人の名前 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モンゴル人の名前" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mongolian_name" title="Special:EditPage/Mongolian name">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Mongolian+name%22">"Mongolian name"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Mongolian+name%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Mongolian+name%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Mongolian+name%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Mongolian+name%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Mongolian+name%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Lead_too_short plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-lead_too_short" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/60px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/80px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Length" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">lead section</a> <b>may be too short to adequately <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">summarize</a> the key points</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please consider expanding the lead to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Provide_an_accessible_overview" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">provide an accessible overview</a> of all important aspects of the article.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mongolian names</b> have undergone a number of changes in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Mongolia" title="History of Mongolia">history of Mongolia</a>, both with regard to their meaning and their source languages. In <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>, naming customs are now similar to <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> but with some differences. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_evolution">Historical evolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_name&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongolian</a> names traditionally have an important symbolic character—a name with <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/auspicious" class="extiw" title="wikt:auspicious">auspicious</a> connotations being thought to bring good fortune to its bearer. The naming of children was usually done by the parents or a respected elder of the family or religious figures. For example, it is said that in the 13th century, the prominent shaman, Teb-tengeri, saw in the stars a great future for <a href="/wiki/Tolui" title="Tolui">Tolui</a>'s eldest son and bestowed on the child the name <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6ngke_Khan" title="Möngke Khan">Möngke</a> (meaning "eternal" in the Mongolian language).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nowadays most parents give <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a> names to their children, often in the form of <a href="/wiki/Compound_(linguistics)" title="Compound (linguistics)">compounds</a> consisting of two <a href="/wiki/Noun" title="Noun">nouns</a> or <a href="/wiki/Adjective" title="Adjective">adjectives</a>, representing qualities such as solidity and strength for boys or beauty in the case of girls. </p><p>Generally, the Mongols, distinct from other cultures in East Asia, have only one personal name, which remains the same throughout their lives. While clan organization remained important among the Mongols into the 17th century, clan names were not linked with the personal name in a family name system.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clan name is still important among the Buryats and to a lesser extent among Kalmyks today. While the personal name of the living ruler was not originally tabooed, as in China, the names of deceased rulers were tabooed for several generations. In the past this prohibition was even stronger. In Mongolia and Inner Mongolia, the Mongols also use clan names. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_name&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most common category of Mongol names were those of auspicious or (for boys) manly things, such as gold (<a href="/wiki/Altan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Altan (disambiguation)">altan</a>), eternity (Möngke), surplus (<a href="/wiki/Hulagu_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hulagu Khan">hulagu</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> blue (köke), white (chagha’an), good health (<a href="/wiki/Esen_taishi" class="mw-redirect" title="Esen taishi">esen</a>), uncle (<a href="/wiki/Abaqa_Khan" title="Abaqa Khan">abaqa</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> firmness (<a href="/wiki/Batu_(given_name)" title="Batu (given name)">batu</a>), stability (<a href="/wiki/Toqto%27a_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Toqto'a (disambiguation)">toqto'a</a>), bulls (<a href="/wiki/Buga_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Buga (disambiguation)">buqa</a>, for men), iron (<a href="/wiki/Timur_(name)" title="Timur (name)">temür</a>), steel (<a href="/wiki/Bolad_(given_name)" title="Bolad (given name)">bolad</a>), black (qara), hardness (<a href="/wiki/Berke" title="Berke">berke</a>) or nine (yisü). </p><p>Such names were often combined with suffixes used only for personal names, such as -<i>dai</i>, -<i>ge</i>/<i>gei</i>, and -<i>der</i> for boys and -<i>jin</i>, -<i>tani</i>, and -<i>lun</i> for girls. However, <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Temüjin</a>'s -<i>jin</i> is a form of the occupational <a href="/wiki/Derivation_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Derivation (linguistics)">derivational</a> suffix -<i>cin</i>, but not a feminine suffix: <i>temür</i> 'iron' + -<i>cin</i> = <i>temüjin</i> 'smith'. </p><p>Other names were based on either conquests or clan names. For example, <a href="/wiki/Sartaq" class="mw-redirect" title="Sartaq">Sartaq</a> (merchants of western Asian or western Central Asian origin), <i>Hasi</i> (Mongolian form of <a href="/wiki/Tangut_people" title="Tangut people">Tangut</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Western_Xia" title="Western Xia">Western Xia dynasty</a>), Orus (<a href="/wiki/Rus%27_people" title="Rus' people">Rus</a>), Asudai (<a href="/wiki/Alans" title="Alans">Alani</a>) and so on. Clan-based personal names did not relate to the person's own clan or tribe. For example, <a href="/wiki/Eljigidey" title="Eljigidey">Eljigidey</a> was not from Iljigin (Eljigin) tribe and the Mongol general Mangghudai was a Tatar (not to be confused with the modern Turkic people of the <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a> in Europe), but not a <a href="/wiki/Manghud" title="Manghud">Manghud</a>. </p><p>One finds a number of degrading or inauspicious names during the 13–14th centuries such as <a href="/wiki/Sorqaqtani" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorqaqtani">Sorqaqtani</a>, "Pox girl", or <a href="/wiki/Nohai_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Nohai (disambiguation)">Nohai</a> (~Nokai) "dog", in an attempt to fool bad spirits or disease into thinking it had already afflicted them.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This tradition is still preserved in <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> in modern times. Symbolic names that express frustration can be found such as the not uncommon girls' name <a href="/wiki/Oghul_Qaimish" title="Oghul Qaimish">Oghul-qaimish</a> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Turkic language">Middle Turkic</a> "next time a boy"), while the name <i><a href="/wiki/Jochi" title="Jochi">Jochi</a></i> "Guest" indicated doubts about the child's paternity. </p><p>Turkic names were common among Mongols (such as Oghul-qaimish, Abishqa, Qutlugh and so on). However, names of other foreign origin were introduced when the Mongol Empire expanded all over Eurasia, increasing international trade and cultural connections and also partly due to religious dignity. <a href="/wiki/Ghazan" title="Ghazan">Ghazan</a>, Kharbanda, or Toghus (<a href="/wiki/Peacock" class="mw-redirect" title="Peacock">peacock</a>) are not Mongol words. <a href="/wiki/Christian_name" title="Christian name">Christian names</a> also existed among the Turkic and Mongol peoples (especially Onguts and Keraits) on the <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Plateau" title="Mongolian Plateau">Mongolian Plateau</a>. The Ilkhan <a href="/wiki/%C3%96ljeit%C3%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Öljeitü">Öljeitü</a>'s name at birth was <i>Nicholas</i>. </p><p>Some Mongols had <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese names</a>. For example, the Buddhist monk, Haiyun, bestowed the name <a href="/wiki/Zhenjin" title="Zhenjin">Zhenjin</a> (True-gold) to <a href="/wiki/Khubilai" class="mw-redirect" title="Khubilai">Khubilai</a> and Chabi's eldest son. In the late 13th century, many newborn children in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> were named after Mongol rulers, including <i>Hülegü</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the mid-13th century <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_Turkic_languages" title="Middle Turkic languages">Uyghur</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Classical_Tibetan" title="Classical Tibetan">Tibetan</a> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> names (<a href="/wiki/Ananda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ananda">Ananda</a> (the Yuan prince), <a href="/wiki/Vajra" title="Vajra">Dorji</a> (Khubilai's son) or <i>Wachir</i> (a Yuan official), <i>Gammala</i> (Khubilai's son), <i>Irinchin</i> (the Ilkhanid general), etc.) granted by Tibetan teachers became common in the royal family and the aristocratic clans. In the west some Mongols took Islamic names such as <i>Bū Sa'īd</i><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (misspelled as <a href="/wiki/Abu_Sa%27id_(Ilkhanid_dynasty)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Sa'id (Ilkhanid dynasty)">Abu Sa'id</a>) or <i>Khwaja</i> after they converted, although many kept their Mongolian names. </p><p>After the expulsion of the Mongol regime from China, the Sanskrit names in the imperial family soon disappeared. Christian names appeared occasionally before disappearing (<a href="/wiki/Mark%C3%B6rgis_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Markörgis Khan">Markörgis Khan</a>). Muslim and Turkic names also declined (<a href="/wiki/Akbarjin" class="mw-redirect" title="Akbarjin">Akbarjin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ismail" class="mw-redirect" title="Ismail">Ismayil</a> or <a href="/wiki/Arghun" title="Arghun">Arghun</a>), leaving primarily the auspicious Mongolian names similar to those in the early empire. For example, some of the later Mongolian Emperors' names include <a href="/wiki/Batum%C3%B6ngke_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Batumöngke (disambiguation)">Batumöngke</a>, Buyan, Esen, Toγtoγa Buqa and Manduul. Mongol name customs also affected the nations under Mongol rule. The <a href="/wiki/Jurchens" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurchens">Jurchens</a> (ancestors of <a href="/wiki/Manchus" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchus">Manchus</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming China</a> often used Mongolian names.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Ajjal_Shams_al-Din_Omar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayyid Ajjal Shams al-Din Omar">Sayyid Ajjal Shams al-Din Omar</a>'s great-grandson was given the name <i>Bayan</i> "rich". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_Middle_Ages_and_early_modern_period">Late Middle Ages and early modern period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_name&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Late Middle Ages and early modern period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the beginning of the new wave of Buddhism in 1575, however, Buddhist and Tibetan names were reintroduced into Mongolia. By 1700 the vast majority of Mongols had Buddhist names, usually Tibetan, but also sometimes Sanskrit or from Mongolian Buddhist terminology. A number of Mongolian-language names survived, particularly with more pacific elements designating peace (<i>Engke</i>, <i>Amur</i>), happiness (<i>Jirgal</i>), long life (<i>Nasu</i>), and blessing (<i>Öljei</i>, <i>Kesig</i>). </p><p>Buddhist names were granted according to several different principles. The most common for laymen are based on the Tibetan or Sanskrit names of powerful deities: <i>Damdin/Damrin</i> (<a href="/wiki/Hayagriva_(Buddhism)" title="Hayagriva (Buddhism)">Hayagriva</a>), <i>Dulma/Dari</i> (<a href="/wiki/Tara_(Buddhism)" title="Tara (Buddhism)">Tara</a>), <i>Gombo</i> (<a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81k%C4%81la" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahākāla">Mahākāla</a>), Cagdur/Shagdur (<a href="/wiki/Vajrapani" title="Vajrapani">Vajrapani</a>), Jamsrang (<a href="/wiki/Begtse" title="Begtse">Begtse</a>), Jamyang (<a href="/wiki/Manjusri" class="mw-redirect" title="Manjusri">Manjusri</a>), etc. Another type of Buddhist name derives from the Tibetan days of the week, themselves named after the Sun, Moon, and five visible planets (Nima, Dawa, Migmar, Lhagba, Pürbü, Basang, Bimba). Another astrological scheme divides the days of the month into five classes, each under an element: <i>Dorji</i> (<a href="/wiki/Vajra" title="Vajra">power bolt</a>), <i>Badma</i> (<a href="/wiki/Padma_(attribute)" class="mw-redirect" title="Padma (attribute)">lotus</a>), and <i>Sangjai</i> (<a href="/wiki/Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buddha</a>). The suffixes -<i>jab</i> (Tibetan <i>skyabs</i> "protecting") and -<i>sürüng</i> (Tibetan -<span title="Standard Tibetan-language romanization"><i lang="bo-Latn">srung</i></span> "guarding") were commonly added to these Buddhist names. Finally, some names, particularly for monks, were based on Tibetan words for desired qualities or aspects of the religion: <i>Lubsang</i> "good intellect", <i>Agwang</i> "powerful in speech", <i>Danzin</i> "instruction keeper", <i>Dashi/Rashi</i>, "blessed". A number of Buddhist terms exist in multiple forms transmitted from Old Uyghur, Tibetan, and Sanskrit: thus, <i>Wachir/Ochir</i>, <i>Dorji</i>, and <i>Bazar</i> all mean "power bolt", while <i>Erdeni</i>, <i>Rinchin</i>, and <i>Radna</i> all mean "jewel". </p><p>A distinctive type of Mongolian name that flourished in this period and is still common in the countryside is the avoidance name, designed to avert misfortune from the child: <i>Nergüi</i> "No Name", <i>Enebish</i> "Not This", <i>Terbish</i> "Not That". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern">Modern</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_name&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Modern"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mongolia">Mongolia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_name&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mongolia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 20th century, when Mongolia had close ties to the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, Mongols were sometimes given <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> names like <i>Alexander</i> or <i>Sasha</i>, or mixed ones like <i>Ivaanjav</i> consisting of the Russian <i>Ivan</i> and the Tibetan <i>-jav</i>. Politically active parents may have chosen <i>Oktyabr</i> (October), <i>Seseer</i> (<a href="/wiki/Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Republics of the Soviet Union">SSR</a>), <i>Mart</i> (March) and even <i>Molotov</i> as names for their offspring. One such example is <i>Melschoi</i>, composed of the first letters of <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Lenin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Stalin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khorloogiin_Choibalsan" title="Khorloogiin Choibalsan">Choibalsan</a>. </p><p>Today male names still include the names of old Mongolian elements such as 'iron' or 'steel', or other words denoting strength, such as 'hero', 'strong', or 'ax': some examples are <i>Gansükh</i> 'steel-ax', <i>Batsaikhan</i> 'strong-nice', or <i>Tömörbaatar</i> 'iron-hero', <i>Chuluunbold</i> 'stone-steel'. Temujin, Borte, Yisu and other old names are commonly given to newborn children after 1990. </p><p>Women's names commonly refer to fine colours or flowers, the sun and moon, or may be made up of any other word with positive connotations using the feminine <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">suffix</a> <i>-maa</i> (Tib. 'mother'): some common examples are <i>Altantsetseg</i> 'golden-flower', <i>Narantuyaa</i> 'sun-beam', <i>Uranchimeg</i> 'artistic-decoration', <i>Sarangerel</i> 'moon-light', <i>Erdenetungalag</i> 'jewel-clear', and <i>Tsetsegmaa</i> 'flower'. </p><p>Many gender-neutral name components refer to auspicious qualities such as eternity or happiness: some examples are <i>Mönkh</i> 'eternal', <i>Erdene</i> 'jewel', <i>Oyuun</i> 'mind', <i>Altan</i> 'golden', <i>Saikhan</i> 'fine' and <i>Enkh</i> 'peace'. Many names include the names of places, including mountains, rivers etc., e.g. <i><a href="/wiki/Altai_Mountains" title="Altai Mountains">Altai</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Tuul_River" title="Tuul River">Tuul</a></i>. </p><p>Mongolians do not use <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surnames</a> in the way that most Westerners, Chinese or Japanese do. Since the <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_People%27s_Republic" title="Mongolian People's Republic">socialist period</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymics</a> — at that time called <span title="Mongolian-language romanization"><i lang="mn-Latn">ovog</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> now known as <span title="Mongolian-language romanization"><i lang="mn-Latn">etsgiin ner</i></span> — are used instead of a surname. If the father's name is not legally established (i.e., by marriage) or altogether unknown, a <a href="/wiki/Matronymic" title="Matronymic">matronymic</a> is used. The patro- or matronymic is written before the given name. </p><p>Therefore, if a man with given name Tsakhia has a son, and gives the son the name <i>Elbegdorj</i>, the son's full name, as it appears in passports and the like, is <i>Tsakhia Elbegdorj</i>. Very frequently, as in texts and speech, the patronymic is given in <a href="/wiki/Genitive" class="mw-redirect" title="Genitive">genitive</a> case, i.e. <i>Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj</i>, with (in this case) -giin being the genitive suffix. However, the patronymic is rather insignificant in everyday use and usually just abbreviated to an initial - <i>Ts. Elbegdorj</i>. People are normally just referred to and addressed by their given name (<i>Elbegdorj guai</i> - 'Mr. Elbegdorj'), and the patronymic is only used to distinguish two people with a common given name. Even then, they are usually just distinguished by their initials, not by the full patronymic. There are cases in which a matronymic has been legally bestowed for one or the other reason, while a patronymic is known. If the patronymic is to be conveyed anyway, this can take a form like <span title="Mongolian-language romanization"><i lang="mn-Latn">Altan Choi ovogt Dumaagiin Sodnom</i></span> with the patronymic preceding the word ovog that takes the suffix <i>-t</i> 'having'. </p><p>The basic differences between Mongolian and European names, in connection with trying to fit Mongolian names into foreign schemata, frequently lead to confusion. For example, <a href="/wiki/Otryadyn_G%C3%BCndegmaa" title="Otryadyn Gündegmaa">Otryadyn Gündegmaa</a>, a Mongolian shooter, is often incorrectly referred to as Otryad, i.e. by the (given) name of her father. But now, as Mongolians establish more international relations, this practice has been more or less standardised. For example, the 2024 olympic silver medalist, B.Baasankhuu, is referred as Baasankhuu Bavuudorj, putting the given name in the first name position, and fathers name in family name position. Mongolians do not use their clan name due to historical reasons. Even saying your clan name was taboo up until very recently; however, there is a growing trend in people finding their real clan origination after being falsely claimed 'Borjigin'. </p><p>Since 2000, Mongolians have been officially using <a href="/wiki/Clan" title="Clan">clan names</a>—<i>ovog</i>, the same word that was used for the patronymics during the socialist period—on their ID cards (the clan name is also referred to as <i>urgiin ovog</i>, meaning lineage name, among general use, to distinguish from the patro- or matronymic). Many people chose the names of the ancient clans and tribes such <a href="/wiki/Borjigin" title="Borjigin">Borjigin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Behsud_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Behsud (disambiguation)">Besud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jalair" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalair">Jalair</a>, etc. Others chose the names of the native places of their ancestors, or the names of their most ancient known ancestor. Some just decided to pass their own given names (or modifications of their given names) to their descendants as clan names. A few chose other attributes of their lives as surnames; Mongolia's first cosmonaut <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCgderdemidiin_G%C3%BCrragchaa" title="Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa">Gürragchaa</a> chose 'Sansar' (Outer space). Clan names precede the patronymics and given names, as in <i>Besud Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In practice, these clan names seem to have had no significant effect — nor are they included in Mongolian passports. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Inner_Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_name&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Inner Mongolia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Inner Mongolia, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese names</a> are quite common, as are Mongolian names. Mongolian names of Tibetan origin are usually restricted to people in their 50s and older. Because China does not recognize Mongolian clan names, <a href="/wiki/Mongols_in_China" title="Mongols in China">Mongols in China</a> who have acquired their passports since 2001 have "XXX" printed in place of their surnames, while before not only "XXX" but also a syllable from an individual's given name or the first syllable of the patronymic was used in place of the Chinese surname. Also, for some individuals, "XXX" is printed in the slot for the given name, while the given name is printed in the slot for the surname. </p><p>Some Mongolians in China do have surnames because their parents are <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hui_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Hui Chinese">Hui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manchu_people" title="Manchu people">Manchu</a> etc. Some others use an abbreviation (like <i>Bao</i> 'Borjigin') of their clan name. </p><p>Officially, Mongolian names in China are transcribed with the <a href="/wiki/SASM/GNC/SRC_transcriptions" class="mw-redirect" title="SASM/GNC/SRC transcriptions">SASM/GNC/SRC transcriptions</a> (e.g. Ulanhu), but this system is rarely used. Generally, the names in Chinese passports are given in the <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a> form of the Chinese character transcription of the original Mongolian. For example, <i>Mengkebateer</i> (from <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">孟克巴特尔</span></span>) would be used instead of <i>Möngkebaghatur</i> (<a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian script</a>), <i>Mөnghebagatur</i> (Mongolian pinyin) or <i>Munkhbaatar</i> (approximate English pronunciation). </p><p>Sometimes in such <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> transcriptions of Mongolian names, the first syllable is sometimes reanalyzed as the surname, i.e. <a href="/wiki/Ulanhu" title="Ulanhu">Ulanhu</a> becomes Wu Lanfu. <a href="/wiki/Syllable_onset" class="mw-redirect" title="Syllable onset">Onset</a> (if available) and <a href="/wiki/Syllable_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Syllable nucleus">nucleus</a> of the first <a href="/wiki/Syllable" title="Syllable">syllable</a> of the father's name can be used for disambiguation, but have no official status, e.g. <i>Na. Gereltü</i>. Rarely, the onset is used on its own, e.g. <i>L. Toγtambayar</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Siblings">Siblings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_name&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Siblings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Siblings are sometimes given names containing similar <a href="/wiki/Morpheme" title="Morpheme">morphemes</a>, like <i>Gan-Ochir</i>, <i>Gantömör</i> etc., or names related to the same theme, like <i>Naran</i> ('Sun'), <i>Saran</i> ('Moon'), <i>Tsolmon</i> ('Morning star'). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taboo_names">Taboo names</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_name&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Taboo names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is also a tradition of giving names with unpleasant qualities to children born to a couple whose previous children have died, in the belief that the unpleasant name will mislead evil spirits seeking to steal the child. <i>Muunokhoi</i> 'Vicious Dog' may seem a strange name, but Mongolians have traditionally been given such taboo names to avoid misfortune and confuse evil spirits. Other examples include <i>Nekhii</i> 'Sheepskin', <i>Nergüi</i> 'No Name', <i>Medekhgüi</i>, 'I Don't Know', <i>Khünbish</i> 'Not a Human Being', <i>Khenbish</i> 'Nobody', <i>Ogtbish</i> 'Not at All', <i>Enebish</i> 'Not This One', <i>Terbish</i> 'Not That One'. </p><p>Couples whose previous boys have died would give female names to their son to mislead the evil spirits, and vice versa. Synchronically, taboo meaning may be stronger or obliterated: <i>Nergüi</i>, for example, is very common and does not immediately raise any association, while <i>Khünbish</i> might semantically be perceived as <i>khün bish</i> (cf. the same phenomenon in German with the unremarkable <i>Burkhart</i> (lit. 'castle-strong')<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> versus the unusual <i>Fürchtegott</i> ('fear-God')).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nicknames">Nicknames</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_name&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Nicknames"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When addressing a familiar person, names are shortened, most commonly by choosing one of the parts of the name and adding a vowel, melting it into one or adding the suffix <i>-ka</i>. E.g., a woman named <i>Delgerzayaa</i> might be called <i>Delgree</i>, <i>Zayaa</i> or <i>Deegii</i>, a man named <i>Arslandorj</i> might become <i>Askaa</i>, or his sister <i>Idertuyaa</i> could become <i>Idree</i>, and so might her boyfriend <i>Iderbayar</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name_structure">Name structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_name&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Name structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, there were no <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymics</a>, but clan names were sometimes used in a particular morphological form. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_common_names">List of common names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_name&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: List of common names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Mongolia, as of 2012, the 20 most common names were:<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Transliteration</th> <th>Translation</th> <th>Male/female</th> <th>Occurrence </th></tr> <tr> <td>Бат-Эрдэнэ</td> <td>Bat-Erdene</td> <td>Firm jewel</td> <td>m</td> <td>13,473 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Отгонбаяр</td> <td>Otgonbayar</td> <td>Budding/youngest happiness</td> <td>m</td> <td>11,083 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Алтанцэцэг</td> <td>Altantsetseg</td> <td>Golden flower</td> <td>f</td> <td>10,967 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Оюунчимэг</td> <td>Oyuunchimeg</td> <td>Decoration [consisting of a notable] mind</td> <td>f</td> <td>10,580 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Батбаяр</td> <td>Batbayar</td> <td>Unyielding happiness</td> <td>m</td> <td>10,570 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Болормаа</td> <td>Bolormaa</td> <td>Crystal lady</td> <td>f</td> <td>10,282 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Энхтуяа</td> <td>Enkhtuya</td> <td>Ray of peace</td> <td>f</td> <td>9,721 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Лхагвасүрэн</td> <td>Lkhagvasüren</td> <td>Great Healer</td> <td>m</td> <td>9,334 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Гантулга</td> <td>Gantulga</td> <td>Steel hearth</td> <td>m</td> <td>9,268 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Эрдэнэчимэг</td> <td>Erdenechimeg</td> <td>Jewel decoration</td> <td>f</td> <td>9,232 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ганболд</td> <td>Ganbold</td> <td>Steel-steel</td> <td>m</td> <td>9,118 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Нэргүй</td> <td>Nergüi</td> <td>Nameless</td> <td>m</td> <td>8,874 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Энхжаргал</td> <td>Enkhjargal</td> <td>Peaceful happiness</td> <td>f</td> <td>8,843 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ганзориг</td> <td>Ganzorig</td> <td>Courage of steel</td> <td>m</td> <td>8,760 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Наранцэцэг</td> <td>Narantsetseg</td> <td>Sun flower</td> <td>f</td> <td>8,755 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ганбаатар</td> <td>Ganbaatar</td> <td>Steel hero</td> <td>m</td> <td>8,651 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Мөнхцэцэг</td> <td>Mönkhtsetseg</td> <td>Eternal flower</td> <td>f</td> <td>8,613 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Мөнхбат</td> <td>Mönkhbat</td> <td>Eternal firmity</td> <td>m</td> <td>8,612 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Батжаргал</td> <td>Batjargal</td> <td>Firm happiness</td> <td>m</td> <td>8,570 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Мөнх-Эрдэнэ</td> <td>Mönkh-Erdene</td> <td>Eternal jewel</td> <td>m</td> <td>8,467 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_name&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The traditional meaning of <span title="Mongolian-language romanization"><i lang="mn-Latn">ovog</i></span> is related to clans, not patronymics.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_name&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_name&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yuanshi, p.124</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Atwood 2004: 398</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pelliot 1959–1963: II, 866–867.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free 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href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abaqa">"ABAQA – Encyclopaedia Iranica"</a>. <i>www.iranicaonline.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.iranicaonline.org&rft.atitle=ABAQA+%E2%80%93+Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.au=electricpulp.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fabaqa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vásáry, p.71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jackson 2005: 315</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFelectricpulp.com" class="citation web cs1">electricpulp.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abu-said-bahador-khan">"ABŪ SAʿĪD BAHĀDOR KHAN – Encyclopaedia Iranica"</a>. <i>www.iranicaonline.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.iranicaonline.org&rft.atitle=AB%C5%AA+SA%CA%BF%C4%AAD+BAH%C4%80DOR+KHAN+%E2%80%93+Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.au=electricpulp.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fabu-said-bahador-khan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aisin Gioro & Jin 2007: 143</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVietze" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vietze, Hans Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mongoleiservice.de/mongolei__gesellschaft/mongolei__gesellschaft.html">"Mongolische Personennamen"</a> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mongolische+Personennamen&rft.aulast=Vietze&rft.aufirst=Hans+Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mongoleiservice.de%2Fmongolei__gesellschaft%2Fmongolei__gesellschaft.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onomastik.com/Vornamen-Lexikon/name_1150_Burkhart.html">"Burkhart"</a>. <i>Onomastik</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Onomastik&rft.atitle=Burkhart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.onomastik.com%2FVornamen-Lexikon%2Fname_1150_Burkhart.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vornamen-a-z.de/namen/name_fuerchtegott.shtml">"Fürchtegott"</a>. <i>Vornamen von A–Z</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vornamen+von+A%26ndash%3BZ&rft.atitle=F%C3%BCrchtegott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vornamen-a-z.de%2Fnamen%2Fname_fuerchtegott.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shudarga.mn/print.php?id=11762">Бат-Эрдэнэ нэртэн 13473 байна</a>, retrieved 2018-09-09</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_name&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Atwood, Christopher P. 2004. <i>Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire</i>. New York, NY: Facts on File.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAisin_GioroJin2007" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Aisin-Gioro_Ulhicun" title="Aisin-Gioro Ulhicun">Aisin Gioro, Ulhicun</a>; Jin, Shi (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/acd/cg/lt/rb/601/601PDF/aisin.pdf">"Manchuria from the Fall of the Yuan to the Rise of the Manchu State (1368–1636)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Ritsumeikan Bungaku</i>, pp. 12–34</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Manchuria+from+the+Fall+of+the+Yuan+to+the+Rise+of+the+Manchu+State+%281368%E2%80%931636%29&rft.btitle=Ritsumeikan+Bungaku&rft.pages=12-34&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Aisin+Gioro&rft.aufirst=Ulhicun&rft.au=Jin%2C+Shi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ritsumei.ac.jp%2Facd%2Fcg%2Flt%2Frb%2F601%2F601PDF%2Faisin.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolian+name" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Jackson, Peter. 2005. <i>The Mongols and the West</i>. Harlow: Pearson Longman.</li> <li>Pelliot, Paul. 1959-1963 (posthumous). <i>Notes on Marco Polo</i>. Paris: Imprimerie nationale, librairie Adrien-Maisonneuve. Vols. I-III.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_name&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bürinbilig, Č. Sarana. 2003. Monggγul kümün-ü ner-e-yin delgeremel kögǰil-ün aǰiġlalta ("Observations on the development of Mongolian personal names"). In: <i>Mongγul kele utq-a ǰokiyal 2003/4</i>: 75–78.</li> <li>Manduqu. 2005. Monggγul kelen-ü obuγ ner-e-yin učir ("On Mongolian names"). In: <i>Öbür mongγul-un ündüsüten-ü yeke surγaγuli 2005/2</i>: 2-14.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://burtgel.gov.mn/mgl">Монгол бичгийн нэрийн толь</a>, name dictionary in both Cyrillic and traditional Mongolian script (containing more than 28000 names)</li> <li>Rybatzki, Volker. 2006. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/hum/aasia/vk/rybatzki/dieperso.pdf">Die Personennamen und Titel der mittelmongolischen Dokumente - Eine lexikalische Untersuchung</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175208/http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/hum/aasia/vk/rybatzki/dieperso.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-03-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Helsinki: University of Helsinki.</li> <li>Serjee, Jambaldorjiin. 2010. <i>Orchin cagiin Mongol helnii onooson neriin sudalgaa</i> ("A study of given names in contemporary Mongolian"). Ulaanbaatar: Bembi San.</li> <li>Taube, Manfred. 1995. Mongolische Namen. In: <i>Namenforschung: ein internationales Handbuch zur Onomastik</i>, 1. Teilband. Berlin: de Gruyter: 916–918.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Anthroponymy">anthroponymy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personal name</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birth_name" title="Birth name">Birth name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Given_name" title="Given name">Given name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">Surname</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">Patrilineal</a>/<a href="/wiki/Matriname" title="Matriname">Matrilineal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_family_name_affixes" title="List of family name affixes">Affixes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobiliary_particle" title="Nobiliary particle">Nobiliary particle</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By sequence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_name" class="mw-redirect" title="First name">First name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_name" title="Middle name">Middle name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">Last name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By trait</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">Diminutive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-barrelled_name" title="Double-barrelled name">Double-barrelled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epithet" title="Epithet">Epithet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_epithet" title="Animal epithet">Animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_people_by_epithet" title="Lists of people by epithet">Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_epithet" title="Plant epithet">Plant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eponym" title="Eponym">Eponymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matronymic" title="Matronymic">Matronymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">Metonymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mononymous_person" class="mw-redirect" title="Mononymous person">Mononymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupational name">Occupational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">Patronymic</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Patronymic_surname" title="Patronymic surname">Surname</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobriquet" title="Sobriquet">Sobriquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknonymy" title="Teknonymy">Teknonymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toponymy" title="Toponymy">Toponymic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toponymic_surname" title="Toponymic surname">Surname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrial_name" title="Patrial name">Patrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unisex_name" title="Unisex name">Unisex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue_name" title="Virtue name">Virtue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By life situation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aptronym" title="Aptronym">Aptronym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_name" title="Birth name">Birth name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_name" title="Code name">Code name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiden_and_married_names" title="Maiden and married names">Maiden and married names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necronym" title="Necronym">Necronym</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">Posthumous name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_name" title="Temple name">Temple name</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placeholder_name" title="Placeholder name">Placeholder name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notname" title="Notname">Notname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">Regnal name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_name" title="Slave name">Slave name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">Pseudonyms</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_pseudonyms" title="List of pseudonyms">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_name" title="Art name">Art name</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bug%C5%8D" title="Bugō">Bugō</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickname" title="Nickname">Nicknames</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_nicknames" title="Lists of nicknames">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypocorism" title="Hypocorism">Hypocorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_by_nickname" title="List of monarchs by nickname">Monarchs</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nom_de_guerre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nom de guerre">Nom de guerre</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pen_name" title="Pen name">Pen name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heteronym_(literature)" title="Heteronym (literature)">Heteronym</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_name" title="Ring name">Ring name</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shikona" title="Shikona">Shikona</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_name" title="Stage name">Stage name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stage_names" title="List of stage names">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_one-word_stage_names" title="List of one-word stage names">Mononyms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Username" class="mw-redirect" title="Username">Username</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By culture<br /><a href="/wiki/Surnames_by_country" title="Surnames by country">Surnames by country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cultural_sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cultural sphere">East Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amami_name" title="Amami name">Amami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">Courtesy</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Art_name" title="Art name">Art</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Generation_name" title="Generation name">Generation</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Chinese_titles" title="Chinese titles">Titles</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_name" title="Japanese name">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_name" title="Korean name">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_name" title="Manchu name">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_name" title="Okinawan name">Okinawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_customs_of_Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Naming customs of Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Indigenous Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_name" title="Vietnamese name">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Asia<br />and Central Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_name" title="Kalmyk name">Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakut_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakut names">Sakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_name" title="Tibetan name">Tibetan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a><br />and Western Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_name" title="Afghan name">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_name" title="Arabic name">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_name" title="Azerbaijani name">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_name" title="Bengali name">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berber name (page does not exist)">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic name">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_name" title="Mandaean name">Mandaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_name" title="Pakistani name">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtun name">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_name" title="Persian name">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_names" title="Sindhi names">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_name" title="Somali name">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_name" title="Tatar name">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_name" title="Turkish name">Turkish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_kinship" title="Australian Aboriginal kinship">Australian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_name" title="Fijian name">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_name" title="Hawaiian name">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_naming_customs" title="Māori naming customs">Māori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akan_names" title="Akan names">Ashanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_naming_customs" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo naming customs">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_conventions_in_Eritrea_and_Ethiopia" title="Naming conventions in Eritrea and Ethiopia">Eritrean and Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewe_language#Naming_system" title="Ewe language">Ewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_name" title="Ghanaian name">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_name" title="Igbo name">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_name" title="Yoruba name">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_names" title="Zimbabwean names">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_name" title="Albanian name">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_name" title="Armenian name">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_surname#Ashkenazi_Jewry" title="Jewish surname">Ashkenazi Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_surnames" title="Basque surnames">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonian_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonian name (page does not exist)">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_name" title="Finnish name">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_name" title="Georgian name">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_name" title="Greek name">Greek</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_personal_names" title="Ancient Greek personal names">Ancient Greek</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_name" title="Greek Cypriot name">Cypriot</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_names" title="Hungarian names">Hungarian</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baltic_languages" title="Baltic languages">Baltic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_name" title="Latvian name">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_name" title="Lithuanian name">Lithuanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_onomastics" title="Celtic onomastics">Celtic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_surnames" title="Cornish surnames">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_name" title="Irish name">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_surnames" title="Manx surnames">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_name" title="Scottish Gaelic name">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_surnames" title="Welsh surnames">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germanic_name" title="Germanic name">Germanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_name" title="Dutch name">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_name" title="English name">English</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Naming_in_the_United_States" title="Naming in the United States">American</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/African-American_names" title="African-American names">African-American</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Canadian_name" title="Canadian name">Canadian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_name" title="Hong Kong name">Hongkongese</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_name" title="German name">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_name" title="Gothic name">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_name" title="Icelandic name">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_family_name_etymology" title="Scandinavian family name etymology">Scandinavian</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Swedish_name" title="Swedish name">Swedish</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan name">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_name" title="French name">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_name" title="Italian name">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occitan_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Occitan name (page does not exist)">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_name" title="Portuguese name">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_naming_conventions" title="Roman naming conventions">Roman</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Praenomen" title="Praenomen">Praenomen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Nomen_(Roman_name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomen (Roman name)">Nomen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Cognomen" title="Cognomen">Cognomen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Agnomen" title="Agnomen">Agnomen</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_name" title="Romanian name">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_naming_customs" title="Spanish naming customs">Spanish</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Naming_customs_of_Hispanic_America" title="Naming customs of Hispanic America">Hispanic America</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slavic_names" title="Slavic names">Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_name" title="Bulgarian name">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_name" title="Croatian name">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_name" title="Czech name">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Eastern Slavic</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_name" title="Belarusian name">Belarusian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Russian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_name" title="Ukrainian name">Ukrainian</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashubian_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kashubian name (page does not exist)">Kashubian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_onomastics" title="Macedonian onomastics">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish name">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_name" title="Serbian name">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_name" title="Slovak name">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_name_suffixes" title="Slavic name suffixes">Suffixes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indosphere" title="Indosphere">Indosphere</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_name" title="Balinese name">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_name" title="Bengali name">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Burmese name">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_name" title="Filipino name">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_names" title="Indonesian names">Indonesian</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian_surname" title="Chinese Indonesian surname">Chinese</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_name" title="Javanese name">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer name">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_names" title="Malaysian names">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_name" title="Indian name">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_name" title="Lao name">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_name" title="Pakistani name">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_names" title="Sindhi names">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_name" title="Sinhalese name">Sinhalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_conventions_of_ancient_Tamil_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Naming conventions of ancient Tamil country">Ancient Tamil country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_name" title="Thai name">Thai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_name" title="Religious name">By religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_name" title="Christian name">Christian name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biblical_names" title="List of biblical names">Biblical name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_name" title="Papal name">Papal name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint%27s_name" title="Saint's name">Saint's name</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_surname" title="Buddhist surname">Buddhist surname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_name" title="Dharma name">Dharma name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_name" title="Jewish name">Jewish name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_name" title="Hebrew name">Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_name" title="Mandaean name">Mandaean name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophoric_name" title="Theophoric name">Theophoric name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manners of address<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_titles" title="List of titles">List</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Title_of_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Title of authority">of authority</a>/<a href="/wiki/Title_of_honor" title="Title of honor">of honour</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honorific" title="Honorific">Honorific</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_rank" title="Diplomatic rank">Diplomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_and_noble_styles" title="Royal and noble styles">Imperial, royal, and noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_styles" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary styles">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_titles_and_styles" title="List of religious titles and styles">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_titles_and_styles" title="Ecclesiastical titles and styles">Ecclesiastical</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-nominal_letters" title="Pre-nominal letters">Pre-nominal letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffix_(name)" title="Suffix (name)">Suffix</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emeritus" title="Emeritus">Emeritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-nominal_letters" title="Post-nominal letters">Post-nominal letters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_(distinction)" title="Order (distinction)">Orders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Award" title="Award">decorations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Medal" title="Medal">medals</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Title" title="Title">Titles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks" title="Imperial, royal and noble ranks">Imperial, royal and noble</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chivalry" title="Chivalry">Chivalric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtesy_title" title="Courtesy title">Courtesy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_titles_of_nobility" title="False titles of nobility">False</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_title" title="Hereditary title">Hereditary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary_title" title="Subsidiary title">Subsidiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substantive_title" title="Substantive title">Substantive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_titles" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional titles">Professional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic ranks">Academic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professional_degree" title="Professional degree">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_title_(academic)" title="Honorary title (academic)">Honorary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_title" title="Corporate title">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_rank" title="Diplomatic rank">Diplomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_titles" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial titles">Judicial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_titles_and_styles" title="List of religious titles and styles">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_titles_and_styles" title="Ecclesiastical titles and styles">Ecclesiastical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_titles" title="Papal titles">Papal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_day" title="Name day">Name day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">Acronym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymity" title="Anonymity">Anonymity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">Anthropomorphism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personification" title="Personification">Personification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_personification" title="National personification">National</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_sign" title="Call sign">Call sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadnaming" title="Deadnaming">Deadnaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endonym_and_exonym" title="Endonym and exonym">Endonym and exonym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family" title="Family">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galton%E2%80%93Watson_process" title="Galton–Watson process">Galton–Watson process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_name" title="Legal name">Legal name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Name_change" title="Name change">Name change</a></li></ul></li> <li>List <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_popular_given_names" title="List of most popular given names">Given</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_most_common_surnames" title="Lists of most common surnames">Surname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Namesake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_taboo" title="Naming taboo">Naming taboo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomenclature" title="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nomen_nescio" title="Nomen nescio">Nomen nescio</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misnomer" title="Misnomer">Misnomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onomastics" title="Onomastics">Onomastics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/-onym" title="-onym">-onym</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_identity" title="Personal identity">Personal identity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Identifier" title="Identifier">Identifier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proper_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Proper name">Proper name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signature" title="Signature">Signature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monogram" title="Monogram">Monogram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_cypher" title="Royal cypher">Royal cypher</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khelrtva" title="Khelrtva">Khelrtva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signum_manus" title="Signum manus">Signum manus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tughra" title="Tughra">Tughra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surnames_by_country" title="Surnames by country">Surnames by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_names" title="Category:Lists of names">Category:Lists of names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐4qzqr Cached time: 20241122151954 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.561 seconds Real time usage: 0.707 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1331/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 81885/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 8616/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 38263/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.357/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 20394986/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion 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