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Duke University – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia
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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ranking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ranking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ranking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ranking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prestiż" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prestiż"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Prestiż</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prestiż-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Duke_w_Azji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Duke_w_Azji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Duke w Azji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Duke_w_Azji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publikacje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publikacje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Publikacje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publikacje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wykładowcy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wykładowcy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Wykładowcy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wykładowcy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Absolwenci[25]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Absolwenci[25]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Absolwenci<sup>[25]</sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Absolwenci[25]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Duke University</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 71 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%83" title="جامعة ديوك – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جامعة ديوك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universid%C3%A1_Duke" title="Universidá Duke – asturyjski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Universidá Duke" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyuk_Universiteti" title="Dyuk Universiteti – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dyuk Universiteti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%A9_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="دوک بیلیمیوردو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دوک بیلیمیوردو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="ডিউক বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডিউক বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82_%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%92._%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Універсітэт імя В. Дзюка – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Універсітэт імя В. Дзюка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%E2%80%9E%D0%94%D1%8E%D0%BA%E2%80%9C" title="Университет „Дюк“ – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Университет „Дюк“" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerzitet_Duke" title="Univerzitet Duke – bośniacki" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Univerzitet Duke" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bośniacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitat_Duke" title="Universitat Duke – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Universitat Duke" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dukeova_univerzita" title="Dukeova univerzita – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dukeova univerzita" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Duke University" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Duke University" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke%27i_%C3%9Clikool" title="Duke'i Ülikool – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Duke'i Ülikool" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BA" title="Πανεπιστήμιο Ντιουκ – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πανεπιστήμιο Ντιουκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Duke University" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_Duke" title="Universidad Duke – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Universidad Duke" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitato_Duke" title="Universitato Duke – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Universitato Duke" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Unibertsitatea" title="Duke Unibertsitatea – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Duke Unibertsitatea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%A9" title="دانشگاه دوک – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانشگاه دوک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Duke" title="Université Duke – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Université Duke" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%93%80%ED%81%AC_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="듀크 대학교 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="듀크 대학교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Դյուկի համալսարան – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դյուկի համալսարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="ड्यूक विश्वविद्यालय – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ड्यूक विश्वविद्यालय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveu%C4%8Dili%C5%A1te_Duke" title="Sveučilište Duke – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sveučilište Duke" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitato_di_Duke" title="Universitato di Duke – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Universitato di Duke" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Duke" title="Universitas Duke – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Universitas Duke" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke-h%C3%A1sk%C3%B3li" title="Duke-háskóli – islandzki" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Duke-háskóli" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_Duke" title="Università Duke – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Università Duke" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A7" title="אוניברסיטת דיוק – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוניברסיטת דיוק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="დიუკის უნივერსიტეტი – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დიუკის უნივერსიტეტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8C%D1%8E%D0%BA_%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Дьюк Университети – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Дьюк Университети" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Dukiana" title="Universitas Dukiana – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Universitas Dukiana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dj%C5%ABka_Universit%C4%81te" title="Djūka Universitāte – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Djūka Universitāte" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diuko_universitetas" title="Diuko universitetas – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Diuko universitetas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cniversitaa_da_Duke" title="Üniversitaa da Duke – lombardzki" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Üniversitaa da Duke" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Egyetem" title="Duke Egyetem – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Duke Egyetem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF" title="ഡ്യൂക്ക് യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡ്യൂക്ക് യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="დიუკიშ უნივერსიტეტი – megrelski" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დიუკიშ უნივერსიტეტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="megrelski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%83" title="جامعة ديوك – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جامعة ديوك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiti_Duke" title="Universiti Duke – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Universiti Duke" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Duke University" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="デューク大学 – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デューク大学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Duke University" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitat_Duke" title="Universitat Duke – oksytański" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Universitat Duke" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksytański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_universiteti" title="Duke universiteti – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Duke universiteti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80" title="ਡਿਊਕ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ – pendżabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਡਿਊਕ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendżabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="ڈیوک یونیورسٹی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈیوک یونیورسٹی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_Duke" title="Universidade Duke – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Universidade Duke" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Duke University" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8C%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Дьюкский университет – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дьюкский университет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Varsity" title="Duke Varsity – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Duke Varsity" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University – albański" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Duke University" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Duke University" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerza_Duke" title="Univerza Duke – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Univerza Duke" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%94%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Универзитет Дјук – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Универзитет Дјук" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerzitet_Duke" title="Univerzitet Duke – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Univerzitet Duke" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Duke University" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Duke University" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamantasang_Duke" title="Pamantasang Duke – tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pamantasang Duke" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="டியூக் பல்கலைக்கழகம் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டியூக் பல்கலைக்கழகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8C%D1%8E%D0%BA_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Дьюк университеты – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Дьюк университеты" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%81" title="มหาวิทยาลัยดุ๊ก – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มหาวิทยาลัยดุ๊ก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Duke Üniversitesi – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Duke Üniversitesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Дюкський університет – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дюкський університет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="ڈیوک یونیورسٹی – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ڈیوک یونیورسٹی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Duke" title="Đại học Duke – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đại học Duke" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unibersidad_Duke" title="Unibersidad Duke – waraj" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Unibersidad Duke" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waraj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%85%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="杜克大学 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="杜克大学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%85%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="杜克大學 – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="杜克大學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univers%C4%B1tey_Dyuki" title="Universıtey Dyuki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Universıtey Dyuki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%85%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="杜克大学 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="杜克大学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q168751#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy 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.iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1"><span lang="en">Duke University</span></div> </caption> <tbody><tr class="grafika iboxs"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Duke_University_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Godło" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Duke_University_logo.svg/150px-Duke_University_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Duke_University_logo.svg/225px-Duke_University_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Duke_University_logo.svg/300px-Duke_University_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="224" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr class="grafika iboxs"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:MedicalCenter.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Centrum Medyczne Uniwersytetu Duke’a"><img alt="Ilustracja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/MedicalCenter.jpg/240px-MedicalCenter.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/MedicalCenter.jpg/360px-MedicalCenter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/MedicalCenter.jpg/480px-MedicalCenter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span><br />Centrum Medyczne Uniwersytetu Duke’a </td></tr> <tr> <th>Dewiza </th> <td> <p><i>Eruditio et Religio</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data założenia </th> <td> <p>1838 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Typ </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Uczelnia_niepubliczna" title="Uczelnia niepubliczna">uniwersytet niepubliczny</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%84stwo" title="Państwo">Państwo</a> </th> <td> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Stany_Zjednoczone" title="Stany Zjednoczone">Stany Zjednoczone</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Adres </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Durham_(Karolina_P%C3%B3%C5%82nocna)" title="Durham (Karolina Północna)">Durham</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Liczba pracowników </th> <td> <p>3340 <small>(2013)</small><sup id="cite_ref-Statistics_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statistics-1">[1]</a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Liczba studentów </th> <td> <p>ok. 13 000 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Rektor </th> <td> <p>Richard H. Brodhead<sup id="cite_ref-Current_President_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Current_President-2">[2]</a></sup>   </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Drużyna sportowa </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Duke_Blue_Devils" title="Duke Blue Devils">Duke Blue Devils</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr class="infobox-locationmap" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:black; text-align:center; border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);"> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align:center;margin:0 auto;width:242px"><div style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);;font-weight:bold">Położenie na mapie Karoliny Północnej</div><div class="mapa-lokalizacyjna"><div style="width:238px;padding:0;border:0 solid #aaa;position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mapa lokalizacyjna Karoliny Północnej"><img alt="Mapa konturowa Karoliny Północnej, blisko centrum u góry znajduje się punkt z opisem „Duke 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margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Duke_University" title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Duke_University" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Duke University">Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="naglowek" style="text-align:center; border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.duke.edu">Strona internetowa</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Duke University</b> – amerykański <a href="/wiki/Uczelnia_niepubliczna" title="Uczelnia niepubliczna">uniwersytet niepubliczny</a> w <a href="/wiki/Durham_(Karolina_P%C3%B3%C5%82nocna)" title="Durham (Karolina Północna)">Durham</a> w stanie <a href="/wiki/Karolina_P%C3%B3%C5%82nocna" title="Karolina Północna">Karolina Północna</a>, który w 2021 roku zajął 5. miejsce w rankingu <i>Wall Street Journal</i> / <i>Times Higher Education</i> College Rankings<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ranking">Ranking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duke_University&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Ranking" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duke_University&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Ranking"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Choć położenie Duke w rankingach uniwersyteckich waha się w znacznie w zależności od obieranych kryteriów oceniania, Duke zawsze mieści się w pierwszej 30 najlepszych Uniwersytetów na świecie. Jednym z największych osiągnięć Duke było zajęcie w 2021 roku 5. miejsca<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> w rankingu <i>Wall Street Journal</i> / <i>Times Higher Education</i> College Rankings oraz 2. miejsca pod względem wyników uczniów<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup>. </p><p>Rok wcześniej Duke zajął 22. miejsce na świecie według <i>US News & World Report</i> i 20. miejsce według rankingu <i>Times Higher Education World University Rankings</i>. Z kolei <i>QS World University Rankings</i> umieścił Duke’a na 25. miejscu na świecie w rankingach 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> </p><p>W badaniu <i>Forbes</i> z 2016 r. Duke zajął 11. miejsce<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> wśród uniwersytetów w Stanach Zjednoczonych, które wyprodukowały najwięcej miliarderów i 1. miejsce wśród uniwersytetów na południu. </p><p>Dodatkowo Duke zremisował z <a href="/wiki/Uniwersytet_Harvarda" title="Uniwersytet Harvarda">Harvard University</a> i Yale University, osiągając 1. miejsce w rankingu oceniającym wyniki absolwentów<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup>. </p><p>Światowej sławy jest również Szkoła Medyczna Duke, która w 2021 roku zajęła 3. miejsce<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> wyprzedzając uniwersytety takie jak Stanford czy Columbia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duke_University&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duke_University&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Historia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Początkiem dzisiejszego uniwersytetu była niepubliczna szkoła założona w 1838 pod nazwą Brown’s Schoolhouse przez grupę <a href="/wiki/Metodyzm" title="Metodyzm">metodystów</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kwakrzy" title="Kwakrzy">kwakrów</a>, w miejscowości <a href="/wiki/Trinity_(Karolina_P%C3%B3%C5%82nocna)" title="Trinity (Karolina Północna)">Trinity</a>. W 1841 instytucja została przemianowana na Union Institute Academy, w 1851 na Normal College, a w 1859 na Trinity College. W 1892 przeprowadziła się do <a href="/wiki/Durham_(Karolina_P%C3%B3%C5%82nocna)" title="Durham (Karolina Północna)">Durham</a>, co połączono z reformą uczelni na wzór uniwersytetów niemieckich. W 1924 na cześć <a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_Duke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Washington Duke (strona nie istnieje)">Washingtona Duke’a</a> zmieniono nazwę uczelni na Duke University<sup id="cite_ref-History_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-10">[10]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prestiż"><span id="Presti.C5.BC"></span>Prestiż</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duke_University&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Prestiż" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duke_University&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Prestiż"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Duke University jest zaliczany do grupy najbardziej prestiżowych Uniwersytetów na Świecie. Możliwości badawcze, środki pieniężne przeznaczane na rozwój nauki oraz wybitni wykładowcy sprawili, iż Duke University stał się jednym z najcenniejszych ośrodków badawczych w Stanach Zjednoczonych, a wychowankowie i wykładowcy związani z Uniwersytetem są cytowani przez naukowców na całym świecie. </p><p>Sława Uniwersytetu sprawia, iż jest on jednym z najbardziej selektywnych na świecie. Rata przyjęć dla obywateli Stanów Zjednoczonych w 2021 roku wyniosła 4.3%<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup>. Warto jednak wspomnieć, że dla nieznacznie ponad 20%<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> międzynarodowych studentów proces selekcji był jeszcze bardziej rygorystyczny. </p><p>Środowisko akademickie obecne na Duke przyczyniło się do tego, iż ma już 15 laureatów Nagrody Nobla i 3 zwycięzców Nagrody Turinga, 50 stypendystów Rhodesa, 25 stypendystów Churchilla, 13 stypendystów Schwarzmana i 8 stypendystów Mitchella<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup>. Tym samym placówka znalazła się na 3. miejscu pod względem uczonych, którzy otrzymali stypendium Churchilla i na piątym co do wielkości liczby nagrodzonych stypendiami: Rhodes, Marshall, Truman, Goldwater i Udall (w latach 1986–2015)<sup id="cite_ref-autonazwa1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autonazwa1-16">[16]</a></sup>. </p><p>Ponadto oprócz 14 żyjących miliarderów<sup id="cite_ref-autonazwa1_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autonazwa1-16">[16]</a></sup> do grona alumni Uniwersytetu należy także były prezydent Stanów Zjednoczonych – Richard Nixon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Duke_w_Azji">Duke w Azji</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duke_University&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Duke w Azji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duke_University&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Duke w Azji"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Duke University administruje dwiema równoległymi szkołami w Azji, Duke-NUS Medical School w Singapurze (założonym w 2005) i Duke Kunshan University w Kunshan w Chinach (założonym w 2013). </p> <ul><li>Duke-NUS – jest światowej klasy szkołą medyczną, która posiada programy łączone z Yale University oraz <a href="/wiki/King%E2%80%99s_College_London" title="King’s College London">King’s College London</a>. Placówka powstała dzięki współpracy z <a href="/wiki/Narodowy_Uniwersytet_Singapuru" title="Narodowy Uniwersytet Singapuru">NUS UNIVERSITY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Kunshan_University" title="Duke Kunshan University">Duke Kunshan</a> powstał dzięki współpracy z <a href="/wiki/Wuhan_University" title="Wuhan University">Wuhan University</a>. Studenci owej jednostki część 4-letniego college’u spędzają w Kunshan (Chiny), a część na głównym kampusie Duke w Karolinie Północnej (USA). Tym samym przerabiają zarówno program chiński, jak i amerykański i są uprawnieni do otrzymania dwóch dyplomów (amerykańskiego i chińskiego). W 2020/2021 roku na ów chińsko-amerykański program aplikowali studenci z ponad 100 różnych krajów na całym świecie.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publikacje">Publikacje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duke_University&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj sekcję: Publikacje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duke_University&action=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Publikacje"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Greek,_Roman_and_Byzantine_Studies" title="Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies">Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wykładowcy"><span id="Wyk.C5.82adowcy"></span>Wykładowcy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duke_University&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Edytuj sekcję: Wykładowcy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duke_University&action=edit&section=6" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Wykładowcy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Elizabeth Grosz<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup> – wybitna filozofka specjalizująca się w badaniach nad ewolucją, biologią i seksualnością</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert J. Lefkowitz</a>, MD<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup> – laureat Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie chemii (2012).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Modrich" title="Paul Modrich">Paul Modrich</a>, PhD<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup> – laureat Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie chemii (2015).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelly_Brownell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelly Brownell (strona nie istnieje)">Kelly Brownell</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup> – dyrektor Światowego Centrum Polityki Żywnościowej, były dziekan Sanford School of Public Policy na Duke University. W 2006 roku magazyn Time umieścił Brownell’a na liście „100 najbardziej wpływowych ludzi na świecie”.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Campbell_R._Harvey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Campbell R. Harvey (strona nie istnieje)">Campbell R. Harvey</a> – otrzymał nagrodę Best Paper Awards 2016 i 2015 od The Journal of Portfolio Management za badania nad odróżnieniem szczęścia od umiejętności.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrian_Bejan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adrian Bejan (strona nie istnieje)">Adrian Bejan</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup> – wynalazca teorii konstrukcji i imiennik liczby Bejan. Znajduje się w gronie 0,01% najbardziej cytowanych i wpływowych naukowców na świecie.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Grzybowski_(prawnik)" title="Kazimierz Grzybowski (prawnik)">Kazimierz Grzybowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Marsden" title="George Marsden">George Marsden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Wildman-Tobriner" title="Benjamin Wildman-Tobriner">Benjamin Wildman-Tobriner</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup> – lekarz; złoty medalista olimpijski w pływaniu.</li> <li>David Smith<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup> – pionier pelerynek-niewidek; nagrodzony Nagrodą Kartezjusza w 2005 r.</li> <li>Philip Bennett<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup> – były redaktor naczelny z <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>.</li> <li>Moo-Young Han – odkrywca ładunku koloru kwarków.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Absolwenci[25]"><span id="Absolwenci.5B25.5D"></span>Absolwenci<sup id="cite_ref-Notable_Alumni_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Notable_Alumni-25">[25]</a></sup></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duke_University&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Edytuj sekcję: Absolwenci[25]" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duke_University&action=edit&section=7" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Absolwenci[25]"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> – 37. Prezydent Stanów Zjednoczonych</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Lagos" title="Ricardo Lagos">Ricardo Lagos</a> – były przewodniczący z Chile</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Brian Kobilka</a> – Laureat Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie chemii</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Farmer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Farmer (strona nie istnieje)">Paul Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ken_Jeong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ken Jeong (strona nie istnieje)">Ken Jeong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Townes" title="Charles Townes">Charles Townes</a> – laureat Nagrody Nobla z fizyki w 1964</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kaelin_Jr." title="William Kaelin Jr.">William Kaelin</a> – laureat Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie medycyny</li> <li>Jeff Williams – dyrektor operacyjny Apple</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaikha_Al-Bahar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shaikha Al-Bahar (strona nie istnieje)">Shaikha Al-Bahar</a> – dyrektor generalny Narodowego Banku Kuwejtu; nazwana 85. najpotężniejszą kobietą na świecie przez Forbes</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Echevarria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="René Echevarria (strona nie istnieje)">René Echevarria</a> – producent filmów: The 4400, Dark Angel, Now and Again; scenarzysta Star Trek: The Next Generation, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine</li> <li>Robert L. Cook – nagrodzony Oscarem programista.</li> <li>Patrick Williams – nominowany do Oscara kompozytor filmowy i telewizyjny; Zdobywca nagród Emmy i Grammy</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Yeoman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Yeoman (strona nie istnieje)">Robert Yeoman</a> – nominowany do Oscara operator filmów: Bottle Rocket, Rushmore, The Royal Tenenbaums, The Life Aquatic With Steve Zissou, The Darjeeling Limited, oraz The Grand Budapest Hotel</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duke_University&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duke_University&action=edit&section=8" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Statistics-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Statistics_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/uarchives/history/articles/statistics">Quick Statistics about Duke University</a>. Duke University. [dostęp 2015-03-04]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Current_President-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Current_President_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150318223840/http://exhibits.library.duke.edu/exhibits/show/presidents/presidents/brodhead">Current President</a>. Duke University. [dostęp 2015-03-04]. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://exhibits.library.duke.edu/exhibits/show/presidents/presidents/brodhead">tego adresu</a> (2015-03-18)]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal c"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2016/10/20/heres-a-new-college-ranking-based-entirely-on-other-college-rankings/"><i>Here’s a new college ranking, based entirely on other college rankings</i></a>, „<a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>”<span class="issn">, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a></span><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2021-06-09]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Here%E2%80%99s+a+new+college+ranking%2C+based+entirely+on+other+college+rankings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fgrade-point%2Fwp%2F2016%2F10%2F20%2Fheres-a-new-college-ranking-based-entirely-on-other-college-rankings%2F" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite><span class="problemy" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet=""> Brak numerów stron w czasopiśmie</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/wsj-us-college-rankings-2021-duke-and-carnegie-mellon-rise"><i>WSJ/THE US College Rankings 2021: Duke and Carnegie Mellon rise</i></a> [online], Times Higher Education (THE), 18 września 2020<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2021-06-16]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.date=2020-09-18&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=WSJ%2FTHE+US+College+Rankings+2021%3A+Duke+and+Carnegie+Mellon+rise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Fnews%2Fwsj-us-college-rankings-2021-duke-and-carnegie-mellon-rise" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alumni.duke.edu/announcements/duke-2-student-outcomes-2021-wsj-times-higher-education-rankings#:~:text=September%2018,%202020%20%7C%20Duke%20Financial%20Economics%20Center%20(DFE)%20Group&text=For%20the%20second%20time%20since,graduate%20salaries,%20and%20student%20debt."><i>Duke #2 in Student Outcomes, 2021 WSJ / Times Higher Education Rankings | Duke</i></a> [online], alumni.duke.edu<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2021-06-16]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Duke+%232+in+Student+Outcomes%2C+2021+WSJ+%2F+Times+Higher+Education+Rankings+%7C+Duke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falumni.duke.edu%2Fannouncements%2Fduke-2-student-outcomes-2021-wsj-times-higher-education-rankings%23%3A~%3Atext%3DSeptember%252018%2C%25202020%2520%257C%2520Duke%2520Financial%2520Economics%2520Center%2520%28DFE%29%2520Group%26text%3DFor%2520the%2520second%2520time%2520since%2Cgraduate%2520salaries%2C%2520and%2520student%2520debt." style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">David</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="David" style="display:none">D.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Gleisner</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">David</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="David">D.</span></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/articles/slideshows/us-news-best-global-universities"><i>See the 2021 Best Global Universities</i></a> [online], 2020<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=David&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=See+the+2021+Best+Global+Universities&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Gleisner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Feducation%2Fbest-global-universities%2Farticles%2Fslideshows%2Fus-news-best-global-universities" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Chase</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Chase" style="display:none">Ch.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Peterson-Withorn</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Chase</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Chase">Ch.</span></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/chasewithorn/2016/07/06/the-28-schools-that-mint-the-most-billionaire-alumni/"><i>The 28 Schools That Mint The Most Billionaire Alumni</i></a> [online], Forbes<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2021-06-09]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=Chase&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=The+28+Schools+That+Mint+The+Most+Billionaire+Alumni&rft.aulast=Peterson-Withorn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fchasewithorn%2F2016%2F07%2F06%2Fthe-28-schools-that-mint-the-most-billionaire-alumni%2F" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2017/12/sr8uhqahjt1zoag"><i>WSJ rankings place Duke in No. 1 spot for graduate outcomes</i></a> [online], The Chronicle<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2021-06-09]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=WSJ+rankings+place+Duke+in+No.+1+spot+for+graduate+outcomes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dukechronicle.com%2Farticle%2F2017%2F12%2Fsr8uhqahjt1zoag" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-medical-schools/research-rankings"><i>2022 Best Medical Schools: Research</i></a> [online]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=2022+Best+Medical+Schools%3A+Research&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fbest-graduate-schools%2Ftop-medical-schools%2Fresearch-rankings" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-History-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-History_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/uarchives/history/articles/narrative-history">Duke University: A Brief Narrative History</a>. Duke University. [dostęp 2015-03-04]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2021/04/duke-regular-decision-application-decisions-record"><i>Duke admits record-low 4.3% of regular decision applicants</i></a> [online], The Chronicle<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2021-06-09]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Duke+admits+record-low+4.3%25+of+regular+decision+applicants&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dukechronicle.com%2Farticle%2F2021%2F04%2Fduke-regular-decision-application-decisions-record" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collegefactual.com/colleges/duke-university/student-life/international/"><i>Duke University International</i></a> [online], College Factual, 20 lutego 2013<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2021-06-09]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.date=2013-02-20&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Duke+University+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collegefactual.com%2Fcolleges%2Fduke-university%2Fstudent-life%2Finternational%2F" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://today.duke.edu/2020/11/duke-senior-awarded-george-j-mitchell-scholarship-study-ireland"><i>Duke Senior Awarded George J. Mitchell Scholarship to Study in Ireland</i></a> [online], today.duke.edu<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2021-06-09]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Duke+Senior+Awarded+George+J.+Mitchell+Scholarship+to+Study+in+Ireland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoday.duke.edu%2F2020%2F11%2Fduke-senior-awarded-george-j-mitchell-scholarship-study-ireland" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://today.duke.edu/2019/11/duke-senior-gabriella-deich-named-rhodes-scholar"><i>Duke Senior Gabriella Deich Named Rhodes Scholar</i></a> [online], today.duke.edu<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2021-06-09]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Duke+Senior+Gabriella+Deich+Named+Rhodes+Scholar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoday.duke.edu%2F2019%2F11%2Fduke-senior-gabriella-deich-named-rhodes-scholar" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/office-of-the-american-secretary/"><i>Office of the American Secretary | The Rhodes Scholarships</i></a> [online], www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2021-06-09]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Office+of+the+American+Secretary+%7C+The+Rhodes+Scholarships&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk%2Foffice-of-the-american-secretary%2F" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autonazwa1-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-autonazwa1_16-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-autonazwa1_16-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Kathleen</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Kathleen" style="display:none">K.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Elkins</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Kathleen</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Kathleen">K.</span></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2016/09/06/19-colleges-to-attend-if-you-want-to-be-a-billionaire.html"><i>19 colleges to attend if you want to be a billionaire</i></a> [online], CNBC, 6 września 2016<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2021-06-09]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=19+colleges+to+attend+if+you+want+to+be+a+billionaire&rft.date=2016-09-06&rft.aulast=Elkins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2016%2F09%2F06%2F19-colleges-to-attend-if-you-want-to-be-a-billionaire.html" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholars.duke.edu/person/elizabeth.grosz"><i>Elizabeth Grosz | Scholars@Duke</i></a> [online], scholars.duke.edu<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2022-08-20]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Elizabeth+Grosz+%7C+Scholars%40Duke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholars.duke.edu%2Fperson%2Felizabeth.grosz" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medschool.duke.edu/about-us/nobel-laureates"><i>Nobel Laureates | Duke School of Medicine</i></a> [online], medschool.duke.edu<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2021-06-30]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nobel+Laureates+%7C+Duke+School+of+Medicine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedschool.duke.edu%2Fabout-us%2Fnobel-laureates" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medschool.duke.edu/about-us/nobel-laureates/paul-modrich-phd"><i>Paul Modrich, PhD, 2015 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry | Duke School of Medicine</i></a> [online], medschool.duke.edu<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2021-06-30]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Paul+Modrich%2C+PhD%2C+2015+Nobel+Laureate+in+Chemistry+%7C+Duke+School+of+Medicine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedschool.duke.edu%2Fabout-us%2Fnobel-laureates%2Fpaul-modrich-phd" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalhealth.duke.edu/people/brownell-kelly"><i>Kelly Brownell</i></a> [online], Duke Global Health Institute<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2021-06-30]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Kelly+Brownell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalhealth.duke.edu%2Fpeople%2Fbrownell-kelly" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mems.duke.edu/faculty/adrian-bejan"><i>Adrian Bejan</i></a> [online], Duke Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, 29 czerwca 2021<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2021-06-30]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.date=2021-06-29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Adrian+Bejan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmems.duke.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fadrian-bejan" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://radiology.duke.edu/faculty/member/benjamin-wildman-tobriner/"><i>Benjamin Wildman-Tobriner, M.D. | Duke University Department of Radiology</i></a> [online], Duke Radiology<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2021-06-30]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Benjamin+Wildman-Tobriner%2C+M.D.+%7C+Duke+University+Department+of+Radiology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fradiology.duke.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fmember%2Fbenjamin-wildman-tobriner%2F" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ece.duke.edu/faculty/david-smith"><i>David R. Smith</i></a> [online], Duke Electrical and Computer Engineering, 29 czerwca 2021<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2021-06-30]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.date=2021-06-29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=David+R.+Smith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fece.duke.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fdavid-smith" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/person/philip-bennett/"><i>Philip Bennett | FRONTLINE | PBS | Official Site</i></a> [online], FRONTLINE<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2021-06-30]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Philip+Bennett+%7C+FRONTLINE+%7C+PBS+%7C+Official+Site&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Ffrontline%2Fperson%2Fphilip-bennett%2F" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Notable_Alumni-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Notable_Alumni_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.duke.edu/about/">Notable Alumni</a>. Duke University. [dostęp 2015-03-04]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-k"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description"><a href="/wiki/Uniwersytet" title="Uniwersytet">uniwersytet</a></span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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