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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fall_of_Lysimachus_and_Seleucus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Fall of Lysimachus and Seleucus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fall_of_Lysimachus_and_Seleucus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-King_of_Macedon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#King_of_Macedon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>King of Macedon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-King_of_Macedon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriages_and_issue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriages_and_issue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Marriages and issue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriages_and_issue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3" title="بطليموس كيراونوس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بطليموس كيراونوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9_II_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD" title="Пталамей II Кераўн – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пталамей II Кераўн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Птолемей Керавън – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Птолемей Керавън" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemeu_Ceraune" title="Ptolemeu Ceraune – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ptolemeu Ceraune" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaios_Keraunos" title="Ptolemaios Keraunos – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ptolemaios Keraunos" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaios_Keraunos" title="Ptolemaios Keraunos – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ptolemaios Keraunos" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Πτολεμαίος Κεραυνός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πτολεμαίος Κεραυνός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolomeo_Cerauno" title="Ptolomeo Cerauno – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ptolomeo Cerauno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolomeo_Zerauno" title="Ptolomeo Zerauno – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ptolomeo Zerauno" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3" title="بطلمیوس سرانوس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بطلمیوس سرانوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptol%C3%A9m%C3%A9e_K%C3%A9raunos" title="Ptolémée Kéraunos – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ptolémée Kéraunos" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%ED%86%A8%EB%A0%88%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4_%EC%BC%80%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B0%EB%85%B8%EC%8A%A4" title="프톨레마이오스 케라우노스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프톨레마이오스 케라우노스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaios_Keraunos" title="Ptolemaios Keraunos – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ptolemaios Keraunos" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolomeo_Cerauno" title="Tolomeo Cerauno – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tolomeo Cerauno" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A1" title="תלמי קראונוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תלמי קראונוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaiosz_Keraunosz" title="Ptolemaiosz Keraunosz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ptolemaiosz Keraunosz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%98_II_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD" title="Птоломеј II Керавн – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Птоломеј II Керавн" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaeus_Keraunos" title="Ptolemaeus Keraunos – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ptolemaeus Keraunos" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%88%E3%83%AC%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B1%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%8E%E3%82%B9" title="プトレマイオス・ケラウノス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プトレマイオス・ケラウノス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaios_Keraunos" title="Ptolemaios Keraunos – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ptolemaios Keraunos" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemeusz_Keraunos" title="Ptolemeusz Keraunos – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ptolemeusz Keraunos" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemeu_Cerauno" title="Ptolemeu Cerauno – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ptolemeu Cerauno" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD" title="Птолемей Керавн – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Птолемей Керавн" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%98_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Птолемеј Кераун – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Птолемеј Кераун" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemej_Keraun" title="Ptolemej Keraun – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ptolemej Keraun" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaios_Keraunos" title="Ptolemaios Keraunos – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ptolemaios Keraunos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaios_Keraunos" title="Ptolemaios Keraunos – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ptolemaios Keraunos" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaios_Keraunos" title="Ptolemaios Keraunos – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ptolemaios Keraunos" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD" title="Птолемей Керавн – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Птолемей Керавн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaios_Keraunos" title="Ptolemaios Keraunos – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ptolemaios Keraunos" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%8B%92%E5%AF%86%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%8B%9E%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF" title="托勒密·克勞諾斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="托勒密·克勞諾斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q299387#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">King of Macedonia in 281–279 BC</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_(name)" title="Ptolemy (name)">Ptolemy (name)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Ptolemy Ceraunus</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Stater_of_Ptolemy_Keraunos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Stater_of_Ptolemy_Keraunos.jpg/220px-Stater_of_Ptolemy_Keraunos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Stater_of_Ptolemy_Keraunos.jpg/330px-Stater_of_Ptolemy_Keraunos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Stater_of_Ptolemy_Keraunos.jpg/440px-Stater_of_Ptolemy_Keraunos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="386" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Stater" title="Stater">Stater</a> of Ptolemy Keraunos</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Macedon">King of Macedon</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">281 – 279 BC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lysimachus" title="Lysimachus">Lysimachus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Meleager_(king)" title="Meleager (king)">Meleager</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">ca. 319 BC<sup id="cite_ref-CBPC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBPC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">January/February 279 BC<sup id="cite_ref-CBPC_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBPC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Unknown woman (possibly daughter of Lysimachus)<sup id="cite_ref-CBUnk_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBUnk-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_II" title="Arsinoe II">Arsinoe II</a> of Egypt</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Greek</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Πτολεμαῖος Κεραυνός</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy I Soter</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eurydice_of_Egypt" title="Eurydice of Egypt">Eurydice</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Antipater" title="Antipater">Antipater</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ptolemy Ceraunus</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248666159">.mw-parser-output .tfd-dated{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .tfd-default{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);clear:both;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tfd-tiny{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tfd-inline{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;position:relative}@media(min-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{clear:right;float:right;width:22em}}</style><span class="tfd tfd-dated tfd-tiny"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_November_12#Template:Lang-grc-gre" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 November 12">‹See Tfd›</a></span><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Πτολεμαῖος Κεραυνός</span></span> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Ptolemaios Keraunos</i></span>; c. 319 BC – January/February 279 BC) was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a> and briefly king of <a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Macedon</a>. As the son of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy I Soter</a>, he was originally heir to the throne of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaic Egypt">Ptolemaic Egypt</a>, but he was displaced in favour of his younger brother <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus" title="Ptolemy II Philadelphus">Ptolemy II Philadelphus</a>. He fled to King <a href="/wiki/Lysimachus" title="Lysimachus">Lysimachus</a> of Thrace and Macedon where he was involved in court intrigue that led to the fall of that kingdom in 281 BC to <a href="/wiki/Seleucus_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleucus I">Seleucus I</a>, whom he then assassinated. He then seized the throne of Macedon, which he ruled for seventeen months before his <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lysimachia" title="Battle of Lysimachia">death in battle</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gauls</a> in early 279 BC. His <a href="/wiki/Epithet" title="Epithet">epithet</a> <i>Ceraunus</i> is <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> for "<a href="/wiki/Lightning" title="Lightning">Thunderbolt</a>" and referred to his impatient, impetuous, and destructive character.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CBPC_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBPC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_departure_from_Egypt">Early life and departure from Egypt</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptolemy_Ceraunus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and departure from Egypt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ptolemy was the eldest son of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy I Soter</a>, King of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, and his first wife <a href="/wiki/Eurydice_of_Egypt" title="Eurydice of Egypt">Eurydice</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Antipater" title="Antipater">Antipater</a>, regent of Macedon. His father was a general of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>, whom he succeeded, and founded the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was probably born in 319 BC, soon after his parents' marriage, being the first of their six children.<sup id="cite_ref-Hölbl24_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hölbl24-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CBPC_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBPC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometime between 317 and 314 BC, Ptolemy I married one of Eurydice's ladies-in-waiting, <a href="/wiki/Berenice_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice I">Berenice</a> and had further children, including another son, the future <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy II">Ptolemy II</a>. Initially Ptolemy Ceraunus was the heir presumptive, but as Berenice's son grew older, a power struggle developed between the two half-brothers, which culminated in Ptolemy Ceraunus' departure from Egypt around 287 BC. Ptolemy II was formally elevated to the status of co-regent by Ptolemy I on 28 March 284 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BennettI_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BennettI-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fall_of_Lysimachus_and_Seleucus">Fall of Lysimachus and Seleucus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptolemy_Ceraunus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Fall of Lysimachus and Seleucus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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.trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:342px;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:158px;max-width:158px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:234px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisymachus,_marble_-_Ephesus_Museum.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Lisymachus%2C_marble_-_Ephesus_Museum.JPG/156px-Lisymachus%2C_marble_-_Ephesus_Museum.JPG" decoding="async" width="156" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Lisymachus%2C_marble_-_Ephesus_Museum.JPG/234px-Lisymachus%2C_marble_-_Ephesus_Museum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Lisymachus%2C_marble_-_Ephesus_Museum.JPG/312px-Lisymachus%2C_marble_-_Ephesus_Museum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1360" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:180px;max-width:180px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:234px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seleukos_I_Nikator_Bronze_Roman_100BCE-100CE_Museo_Archeologico_Nazionale_Naples_AN_5590_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Seleukos_I_Nikator_Bronze_Roman_100BCE-100CE_Museo_Archeologico_Nazionale_Naples_AN_5590_1.jpg/178px-Seleukos_I_Nikator_Bronze_Roman_100BCE-100CE_Museo_Archeologico_Nazionale_Naples_AN_5590_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Seleukos_I_Nikator_Bronze_Roman_100BCE-100CE_Museo_Archeologico_Nazionale_Naples_AN_5590_1.jpg/267px-Seleukos_I_Nikator_Bronze_Roman_100BCE-100CE_Museo_Archeologico_Nazionale_Naples_AN_5590_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Seleukos_I_Nikator_Bronze_Roman_100BCE-100CE_Museo_Archeologico_Nazionale_Naples_AN_5590_1.jpg/356px-Seleukos_I_Nikator_Bronze_Roman_100BCE-100CE_Museo_Archeologico_Nazionale_Naples_AN_5590_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="5376" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Busts of Lysimachus (left) and Seleucus (right).</div></div></div></div> <p>Following his departure from Egypt, Ptolemy Ceraunus went to the court of <a href="/wiki/Lysimachus" title="Lysimachus">Lysimachus</a>, who ruled <a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Macedon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a> and western <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a> and who may have been his father-in-law.<sup id="cite_ref-CBUnk_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBUnk-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lysimachus’ court was divided on the question of supporting Ceraunus. On the one hand, Lysimachus himself had been married to Ptolemy II's full sister, <a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_II" title="Arsinoe II">Arsinoe II</a>, since 300 BC. On the other hand, Lysimachus' heir, <a href="/wiki/Agathocles_(son_of_Lysimachus)" title="Agathocles (son of Lysimachus)">Agathocles</a>, was married to Ceraunus' full sister <a href="/wiki/Lysandra" title="Lysandra">Lysandra</a>. The two sisters were already engaged in conflict over the succession, which Ceraunus' arrival probably exacerbated. Lysimachus ultimately chose to support Ptolemy II and sealed that decision at some point between 284 and 281 BC by marrying his daughter <a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_I" title="Arsinoe I">Arsinoe I</a> to Ptolemy II.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Continued conflict within Lysimachus' court led to the execution of Agathocles in 282 BC. The course of events and Ptolemy Ceraunus' role in them is unclear. According to one historian, <a href="/wiki/Memnon_of_Heraclea" title="Memnon of Heraclea">Memnon</a>, it was Ptolemy Ceraunus who carried out the murder of Agathocles.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All other sources that mention Ceraunus place him on Agathocles' side in this dispute and report that he accompanied Agathocles' widow, his full-sister Lysandra, in her flight to the court of <a href="/wiki/Seleucus_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleucus I">Seleucus I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The murder provoked a massive outcry from Lysimachus' subjects. Seeing an opportunity to intervene for his own gain, Seleucus invaded Lysimachus' kingdom early in 281 BC. This campaign culminated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Corupedium" title="Battle of Corupedium">Battle of Corupedium</a>, at which Lysimachus was killed and Seleucus annexed his kingdom to his empire. After the Battle of Corupedium, Ptolemy Ceraunus came into Seleucus' control. Seleucus took Ceraunus into his inner circle and perhaps planned to use him as a bargaining chip in the event of conflict with Ptolemaic Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-G6970_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G6970-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 281 BC, Seleucus crossed the <a href="/wiki/Hellespont" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellespont">Hellespont</a> and prepared to invade Macedon. But as Seleucus was sacrificing at a place called Argos, Ptolemy Ceraunus murdered him, intending to seize control of the territories of his former protector.<sup id="cite_ref-CBPC_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBPC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hölbl35_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hölbl35-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-G6970_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G6970-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ceraunus was thus responsible for the death of the last surviving <a href="/wiki/Diadochi" title="Diadochi">successor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="King_of_Macedon">King of Macedon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptolemy_Ceraunus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: King of Macedon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stater_of_Ptolemy_Keraunos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Stater_of_Ptolemy_Keraunos.jpg/330px-Stater_of_Ptolemy_Keraunos.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Stater_of_Ptolemy_Keraunos.jpg/495px-Stater_of_Ptolemy_Keraunos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Stater_of_Ptolemy_Keraunos.jpg/660px-Stater_of_Ptolemy_Keraunos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="386" /></a><figcaption>Gold stater in the name of Lysimachus, depicting Alexander the Great, issued c. 280 BC, possibly by Ptolemy Ceraunus.</figcaption></figure> <p>After assassinating Seleucus, Ceraunus rushed to <a href="/wiki/Lysimachia_(Thrace)" title="Lysimachia (Thrace)">Lysimachia</a> where he had himself acclaimed king by the portion of Seleucus' army that was present there.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hölbl35_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hölbl35-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this time he also formally relinquished his claim to the Egyptian throne.<sup id="cite_ref-Hölbl36_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hölbl36-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A series of gold <a href="/wiki/Stater" title="Stater">staters</a> and silver <a href="/wiki/Tetradrachm" title="Tetradrachm">tetradrachms</a> minted at Lysimachia appear to belong to this period. They have the same design as earlier coinage of Lysimachus: the head of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> with the horn of <a href="/wiki/Ammon" title="Ammon">Ammon</a> on the obverse and a depiction of <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a> seated, holding up a <a href="/wiki/Nike_(mythology)" title="Nike (mythology)">Nike</a> on the reverse. The legend of the coins reads ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΛΥΣΙΜΑΧΟΥ (of King Lysimachus) and the reverse includes two small symbols: a lion's head, which was the symbol of Lysimachus, and a tiny elephant. Since the elephant was the symbol of Seleucus, these coins have sometimes been connected with the short period of Seleucus' rule over the region between the battle of Corupedium and his assassination. However, Hollstein has argued that these were coins of Ptolemy Ceraunus, intended to present him as the legitimate heir of Lysimachus and in possession of a formidable force of elephants. The issue was very small; Ceraunus never issued coins in his own name.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Antigonus_II_Gonatas" title="Antigonus II Gonatas">Antigonos Gonatas</a>, whose father <a href="/wiki/Demetrius_I_of_Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Demetrius I of Macedon">Demetrius I Poliorcetes</a> had been king of Macedon from 294-288 BC, attempted to seize control of Macedon, but Ptolemy Ceraunus defeated him in a naval battle and confined him to the city of Demetrias, Thessaly.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-G6970_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G6970-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A series of tetradrachms minted at <a href="/wiki/Amphipolis" title="Amphipolis">Amphipolis</a> (the main Macedonian mint), which feature a small <a href="/wiki/Triton_(mythology)" title="Triton (mythology)">Triton</a> blowing a trumpet, have sometimes been associated with this victory, but this has been questioned, since they appear to have been minted a year after Ceraunus' death.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ptolemy Ceraunus also made an alliance with <a href="/wiki/Pyrrhus_of_Epirus" title="Pyrrhus of Epirus">Pyrrhus of Epirus</a>, who had controlled the western portion of Macedon from 288-284 BC, ending the threat of attack from him. The alliance freed Pyrrhus to invade Italy to fight against the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Pyrrhic_War" title="Pyrrhic War">Pyrrhic War</a>. <a href="/wiki/Justin_(historian)" title="Justin (historian)">Justin</a> reports that Ceraunus provided Pyrrhus with a large number of troops: 5,000 infantry, 4,000 cavalry, and 50 elephants, and says that the alliance was sealed by the marriage of a daughter of Ceraunus to Pyrrhus.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some scholars have been sceptical of this report, suggesting that Justin has confused Ptolemy Ceraunus with Ptolemy II, since they doubt that Ceraunus could have spared such a large number of troops at this moment. The existence of the marriage is also disputed. If the daughter did exist, her subsequent fate is unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ArsinoeII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/ArsinoeII.jpg/170px-ArsinoeII.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/ArsinoeII.jpg/255px-ArsinoeII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/ArsinoeII.jpg/340px-ArsinoeII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="882" data-file-height="869" /></a><figcaption>Coin of Ptolemy II, depicting Arsinoe II</figcaption></figure> <p>Arsinoe II, the widow of Lysimachus, had fled with her young sons after Lysimachus' defeat at Corupedium to <a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a> (which had been renamed Arsinoeia in her honour). The Ephesians rioted against her, forcing her to leave the city and sail to Macedon, where she took control of the city of <a href="/wiki/Cassandreia" title="Cassandreia">Cassandreia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-G6970_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G6970-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ptolemy Ceraunus entered into negotiations with Arsinoe II and proposed to marry her, even though she was his half-sister. She agreed on the condition that her young sons were kept safe. On their wedding day, however, Ptolemy Ceraunus murdered her two younger sons. Arsinoe fled to <a href="/wiki/Samothrace" title="Samothrace">Samothrace</a> and then to Egypt, where she would eventually marry Ptolemy II. Her eldest son, <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_Epigonos" title="Ptolemy Epigonos">Ptolemy Epigonos</a> fled north to the kingdom of the <a href="/wiki/Dardani" title="Dardani">Dardanians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-G78_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G78-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hölbl36_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hölbl36-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ptolemy Ceraunus was next attacked by a son of Lysimachus and an <a href="/wiki/Illyria" title="Illyria">Illyrian</a> king called Monunius.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The son is not certainly identified by the surviving source, but <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_D._Carney" title="Elizabeth D. Carney">Elizabeth D. Carney</a> argues that it was Ptolemy Epigonos, the eldest son of Arsinoe by Lysimachus. Monunius may have been a king of the Dardanians who took him in after the murder of his younger brothers. This war seems to have occupied Ptolemy Ceraunus for most of 280 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-C63_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C63-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptolemy_Ceraunus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January or February 279 BC, perhaps taking advantage of the ongoing conflict between Ptolemy Ceraunus and Ptolemy Epigonos, a group of <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Gauls</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Bolgius" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolgius">Bolgius</a> <a href="/wiki/Gallic_Invasion_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallic Invasion of Greece">invaded Macedon</a> from the north. <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a> reports that the impetuous Ptolemy refused to wait for his full force to arrive before attacking Bolgius' army, while <a href="/wiki/Justin_(historian)" title="Justin (historian)">Justin</a> reports that he rudely rebuffed diplomatic overtures from Bolgius. He also rudely refused help from a force of 20.000 Dardanians, offered by a Dardanian king.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the forces joined battle, Ceraunus was wounded and captured by the Gauls, who killed him, mounted his head on a spear and carried it around the battlefield. When the Macedonians saw that their leader was dead, they fled.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hölbl36_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hölbl36-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-G79_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G79-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ptolemy Ceraunus' death brought anarchy, as the Gauls streamed through the rest of Greece and into Asia Minor. Immediately after Ceraunus' death the throne of Macedon was taken by his younger brother <a href="/wiki/Meleager_(king)" title="Meleager (king)">Meleager</a>, but he was deposed by his troops within months. A series of short-lived kings followed. This situation lasted about two years, until Antigonos Gonatas <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lysimachia" title="Battle of Lysimachia">defeated the Gauls</a> in a battle near Lysimachia, Thrace, in 277 BC. After this victory he was recognised as king of Macedon and his power extended eventually to the rest of Greece.<sup id="cite_ref-G79_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G79-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-C63_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C63-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriages_and_issue">Marriages and issue</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptolemy_Ceraunus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Marriages and issue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ptolemy Ceraunus apparently had a daughter, who married Pyrrhus in late 281 or 280 BC. The existence of this marriage is disputed, but if it did take place, Ceraunus must have married her mother around 300-295 BC. Christopher Bennett proposes that she may have been a daughter of Lysimachus, with whom Ptolemy I contracted a number of marriage alliances in those years.<sup id="cite_ref-CBUnk_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBUnk-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ptolemy agreed to marry Lysimachus' widow Arsinoe II, his own half-sister, in late 281 or early 280 BC, as part of a plot to seize the city of Cassandreia and murder her children. It is unclear whether the marriage was actually consummated, but Arsinoe fled Macedon immediately after the wedding.<sup id="cite_ref-G78_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G78-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hölbl36_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hölbl36-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptolemy_Ceraunus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CBPC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CBPC_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBPC_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBPC_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBPC_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBPC_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBennett" class="citation web cs1">Bennett, Chris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://instonebrewer.com/TyndaleSites/Egypt/ptolemies/ceraunus_fr.htm">"Ptolemy Ceraunus"</a>. <i>Ptolemaic Genealogy</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ptolemaic+Genealogy&rft.atitle=Ptolemy+Ceraunus&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finstonebrewer.com%2FTyndaleSites%2FEgypt%2Fptolemies%2Fceraunus_fr.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemy+Ceraunus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBUnk-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CBUnk_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBUnk_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBUnk_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett" class="citation web cs1">Bennett, Chris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://instonebrewer.com/TyndaleSites/Egypt/ptolemies/unknown_iii_fr.htm">"Unknown wife of Ptolemy Ceraunus"</a>. <i>Egyptian Royal Genealogy</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Egyptian+Royal+Genealogy&rft.atitle=Unknown+wife+of+Ptolemy+Ceraunus&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finstonebrewer.com%2FTyndaleSites%2FEgypt%2Fptolemies%2Funknown_iii_fr.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemy+Ceraunus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Memnon_of_Heraclea" title="Memnon of Heraclea">Memnon</a> <i><a href="/wiki/FGrH" class="mw-redirect" title="FGrH">FGrH</a></i> 434 F 1.5.6; <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a> 10.19.7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Ptolemies, Knopf Publisher, May 11, 2004, Duncan Sprott</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hölbl24-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hölbl24_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHölbl2001">Hölbl 2001</a>, p. 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHölbl2001">Hölbl 2001</a>, pp. 24–25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BennettI-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BennettI_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett" class="citation web cs1">Bennett, Chris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://instonebrewer.com/TyndaleSites/Egypt/ptolemies/ptolemy_i_fr.htm">"Ptolemy I"</a>. <i>Egyptian Royal Genealogy</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Egyptian+Royal+Genealogy&rft.atitle=Ptolemy+I&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finstonebrewer.com%2FTyndaleSites%2FEgypt%2Fptolemies%2Fptolemy_i_fr.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemy+Ceraunus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHölbl2001">Hölbl 2001</a>, p. 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Memnon_of_Heraclea" title="Memnon of Heraclea">Memnon</a> <i><a href="/wiki/FGrH" class="mw-redirect" title="FGrH">FGrH</a></i> 434 F 1.5.6-7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarney2013">Carney 2013</a>, p. 53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Memnon_of_Heraclea" title="Memnon of Heraclea">Memnon</a> <i><a href="/wiki/FGrH" class="mw-redirect" title="FGrH">FGrH</a></i> 434 F 1.5.6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G6970-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-G6970_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G6970_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G6970_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G6970_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrainger2010">Grainger 2010</a>, p. 73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hölbl35-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hölbl35_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hölbl35_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Hölbl2001">Hölbl (2001)</a> p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Memnon_of_Heraclea" title="Memnon of Heraclea">Memnon</a> <i><a href="/wiki/FGrH" class="mw-redirect" title="FGrH">FGrH</a></i> 434 F 1.8.3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hölbl36-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hölbl36_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hölbl36_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hölbl36_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hölbl36_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Hölbl2001">Hölbl (2001)</a> p. 36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHollstein1995">Hollstein 1995</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Memnon_of_Heraclea" title="Memnon of Heraclea">Memnon</a> <i><a href="/wiki/FGrH" class="mw-redirect" title="FGrH">FGrH</a></i> 434 F 1.8.3; <a href="/wiki/Justin_(historian)" title="Justin (historian)">Justin</a> 24.1.8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHollstein1995">Hollstein 1995</a>, p. 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Justin 17.2, 24.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett" class="citation web cs1">Bennett, Chris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://instonebrewer.com/TyndaleSites/Egypt/ptolemies/unknown_ii_fr.htm">"Unknown daughter of Ptolemy Ceraunus"</a>. <i>Egyptian Royal Genealogy</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Egyptian+Royal+Genealogy&rft.atitle=Unknown+daughter+of+Ptolemy+Ceraunus&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finstonebrewer.com%2FTyndaleSites%2FEgypt%2Fptolemies%2Funknown_ii_fr.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemy+Ceraunus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Justin_(historian)" title="Justin (historian)">Justin</a> 17.2.9, 24.2-3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G78-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-G78_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G78_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrainger2010">Grainger 2010</a>, p. 78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarney2013">Carney 2013</a>, pp. 50–63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pompeius_Trogus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pompeius Trogus">Pompeius Trogus</a>, <i>Prologues</i> 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-C63-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-C63_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-C63_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarney2013">Carney 2013</a>, p. 63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Justin, XXIV, 4, 9-11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Porphyry_(philosopher)" title="Porphyry (philosopher)">Porphyry</a>, <i>FGrH</i> 260 F 3.10; <a href="/wiki/Diodorus" class="mw-redirect" title="Diodorus">Diodorus</a> <i>Bibliotheca</i> 22.3.2; <a href="/wiki/Justin_(historian)" title="Justin (historian)">Justin</a> 24.3-5; <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a>, <i>Life of Pyrrhus</i> 22.1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G79-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-G79_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G79_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrainger2010">Grainger 2010</a>, p. 79</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptolemy_Ceraunus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarney2013" class="citation book cs1">Carney, Elizabeth Donnelly (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bmzRCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA115"><i>Arsinoe of Egypt and Macedon: A Royal Life</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 31–64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-971101-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-971101-7"><bdi>978-0-19-971101-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arsinoe+of+Egypt+and+Macedon%3A+A+Royal+Life&rft.pages=31-64&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-19-971101-7&rft.aulast=Carney&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+Donnelly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbmzRCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemy+Ceraunus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrainger2010" class="citation book cs1">Grainger, John D. (2010). <i>The Syrian Wars</i>. pp. 281–328. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004180505" title="Special:BookSources/9789004180505"><bdi>9789004180505</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Syrian+Wars&rft.pages=281-328&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9789004180505&rft.aulast=Grainger&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemy+Ceraunus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHölbl2001" class="citation book cs1">Hölbl, Gūnther (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/keysofegyptobses00adki"><i>A History of the Ptolemaic Empire</i></a></span>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-019439-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-019439-0"><bdi>978-0-06-019439-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Ptolemaic+Empire&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-06-019439-0&rft.aulast=H%C3%B6lbl&rft.aufirst=G%C5%ABnther&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkeysofegyptobses00adki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemy+Ceraunus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHollstein1995" class="citation journal cs1">Hollstein, W. (1995). "Münzen des Ptolemaios Keraunos". <i>Schweizerische Numismatische Rundschau</i>. <b>74</b>: 13–25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Schweizerische+Numismatische+Rundschau&rft.atitle=M%C3%BCnzen+des+Ptolemaios+Keraunos&rft.volume=74&rft.pages=13-25&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Hollstein&rft.aufirst=W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemy+Ceraunus" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptolemy_Ceraunus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett" class="citation web cs1">Bennett, Chris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://instonebrewer.com/TyndaleSites/Egypt/ptolemies/ceraunus_fr.htm">"Ptolemy Ceraunus"</a>. <i>Ptolemaic Genealogy</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ptolemaic+Genealogy&rft.atitle=Ptolemy+Ceraunus&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finstonebrewer.com%2FTyndaleSites%2FEgypt%2Fptolemies%2Fceraunus_fr.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemy+Ceraunus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livius.org">Livius</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/articles/person/ptolemy-keraunos">Ptolemy Keraunos</a> by Jona Lendering</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lysimachus" title="Lysimachus">Lysimachus</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Macedon">King of Macedon</a> </b><br />281–279 BC </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Meleager_(king)" title="Meleager (king)">Meleager</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kings_of_Macedon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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Macedon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kings_of_Macedon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Macedonia" title="List of kings of Macedonia">Kings of Macedon</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legendary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caranus_of_Macedon" title="Caranus of Macedon"><i>Caranus</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coenus_of_Macedon" title="Coenus of Macedon"><i>Coenus</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrimmas_of_Macedon" title="Tyrimmas of Macedon"><i>Tyrimmas</i></a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vergina_Sun_WIPO.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vergina Sun"><img alt="Vergina Sun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Vergina_Sun_WIPO.svg/75px-Vergina_Sun_WIPO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Vergina_Sun_WIPO.svg/113px-Vergina_Sun_WIPO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Vergina_Sun_WIPO.svg/150px-Vergina_Sun_WIPO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="573" data-file-height="573" /></a><figcaption>Vergina Sun</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty" title="Argead dynasty">Argead dynasty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perdiccas_I_of_Macedon" title="Perdiccas I of Macedon">Perdiccas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argaeus_I_of_Macedon" title="Argaeus I of Macedon">Argaeus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_Macedon" title="Philip I of Macedon">Philip I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeropus_I_of_Macedon" title="Aeropus I of Macedon">Aeropus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcetas_I_of_Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcetas I of Macedon">Alcetas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amyntas_I_of_Macedon" title="Amyntas I of Macedon">Amyntas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Macedon" title="Alexander I of Macedon">Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perdiccas_II_of_Macedon" title="Perdiccas II of Macedon">Perdiccas II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archelaus_I_of_Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Archelaus I of Macedon">Archelaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orestes_of_Macedon" title="Orestes of Macedon">Orestes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeropus_II_of_Macedon" title="Aeropus II of Macedon">Aeropus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amyntas_II_of_Macedon" title="Amyntas II of Macedon">Amyntas II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pausanias_of_Macedon" title="Pausanias of Macedon">Pausanias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amyntas_III_of_Macedon" title="Amyntas III of Macedon">Amyntas III</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Argaeus_II_of_Macedon" title="Argaeus II of Macedon"><i>Argaeus II</i></a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Macedon" title="Alexander II of Macedon">Alexander II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_of_Aloros" title="Ptolemy of Aloros"><i>Ptolemy of Aloros</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perdiccas_III_of_Macedon" title="Perdiccas III of Macedon">Perdiccas III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amyntas_IV_of_Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Amyntas IV of Macedon"><i>Amyntas IV</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon" title="Philip II of Macedon">Philip II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander III (the Great)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Macedon" title="Philip III of Macedon">Philip III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_IV_of_Macedon" title="Alexander IV of Macedon">Alexander IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antipatrid_dynasty" title="Antipatrid dynasty">Antipatrid dynasty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassander" title="Cassander">Cassander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Macedon" title="Philip IV of Macedon">Philip IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipater_I_of_Macedon" title="Antipater I of Macedon">Antipater I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_V_of_Macedon" title="Alexander V of Macedon">Alexander V</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dynastic conflict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_I_of_Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Demetrius I of Macedon">Demetrius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrhus_of_Epirus" title="Pyrrhus of Epirus">Pyrrhus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysimachus" title="Lysimachus">Lysimachus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ptolemy Ceraunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meleager_(king)" title="Meleager (king)">Meleager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipater_Etesias" title="Antipater Etesias">Antipater II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosthenes_of_Macedon" title="Sosthenes of Macedon">Sosthenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigonus_II_Gonatas" title="Antigonus II Gonatas">Antigonus II</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Pyrrhus_of_Epirus" title="Pyrrhus of Epirus"><i>Pyrrhus</i></a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antigonid_dynasty" title="Antigonid dynasty">Antigonid dynasty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigonus_II_Gonatas" title="Antigonus II Gonatas">Antigonus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_II_Aetolicus" title="Demetrius II Aetolicus">Demetrius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigonus_III_Doson" title="Antigonus III Doson">Antigonus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Macedon" title="Philip V of Macedon">Philip V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perseus_of_Macedon" title="Perseus of Macedon">Perseus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-Conquest Rebel Kings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andriscus" title="Andriscus"><i>Andriscus</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Alexander" title="Pseudo-Alexander"><i>Pseudo-Alexander</i></a></li> <li><i>Pseudo-Philip/Pseudo-Perseus</i></li> <li><i>Euephenes</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Debatable or disputed rulers are in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hellenistic_rulers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hellenistic_rulers" title="Template:Hellenistic rulers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hellenistic_rulers" title="Template talk:Hellenistic rulers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hellenistic_rulers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hellenistic rulers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hellenistic_rulers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic</a> rulers</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty" title="Argead dynasty">Argeads</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon" title="Philip II of Macedon">Philip II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander III the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Macedon" title="Philip III of Macedon">Philip III Arrhidaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_IV_of_Macedon" title="Alexander IV of Macedon">Alexander IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Antipatrid_dynasty" title="Antipatrid dynasty">Antipatrids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassander" title="Cassander">Cassander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Macedon" title="Philip IV of Macedon">Philip IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_V_of_Macedon" title="Alexander V of Macedon">Alexander V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipater_II_of_Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Antipater II of Macedon">Antipater II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipater_Etesias" title="Antipater Etesias">Antipater Etesias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosthenes_of_Macedon" title="Sosthenes of Macedon">Sosthenes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Antigonid_dynasty" title="Antigonid dynasty">Antigonids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigonus_I_Monophthalmus" title="Antigonus I Monophthalmus">Antigonus I Monophthalmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_I_of_Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Demetrius I of Macedon">Demetrius I Poliorcetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigonus_II_Gonatas" title="Antigonus II Gonatas">Antigonus II Gonatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_II_Aetolicus" title="Demetrius II Aetolicus">Demetrius II Aetolicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigonus_III_Doson" title="Antigonus III Doson">Antigonus III Doson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Macedon" title="Philip V of Macedon">Philip V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perseus_of_Macedon" title="Perseus of Macedon">Perseus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriscus" title="Andriscus">Philip VI</a> (pretender)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy I Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_Keraunos" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy Keraunos">Ptolemy Keraunos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus" title="Ptolemy II Philadelphus">Ptolemy II Philadelphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_III_Euergetes" title="Ptolemy III Euergetes">Ptolemy III Euergetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IV_Philopator" title="Ptolemy IV Philopator">Ptolemy IV Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_V_Epiphanes" title="Ptolemy V Epiphanes">Ptolemy V Epiphanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_I_Syra" title="Cleopatra I Syra">Cleopatra I Syra</a> (regent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VI_Philometor" title="Ptolemy VI Philometor">Ptolemy VI Philometor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VII_Neos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator">Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_II_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra II of Egypt">Cleopatra II Philometor Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VIII_Physcon" title="Ptolemy VIII Physcon">Ptolemy VIII Physcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_III_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra III of Egypt">Cleopatra III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IX_Lathyros" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy IX Lathyros">Ptolemy IX Lathyros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_X_Alexander_I" title="Ptolemy X Alexander I">Ptolemy X Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_III_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice III of Egypt">Berenice III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XI_Alexander_II" title="Ptolemy XI Alexander II">Ptolemy XI Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XII_Auletes" title="Ptolemy XII Auletes">Ptolemy XII Auletes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_VI" title="Cleopatra VI">Cleopatra VI Tryphaena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_IV" title="Berenice IV">Berenice IV Epiphanea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIII_Theos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator">Ptolemy XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIV_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy XIV of Egypt">Ptolemy XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra VII Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarion" title="Caesarion">Ptolemy XV Caesarion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Cyrene" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Cyrene">Monarchs of Cyrene</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magas_of_Cyrene" title="Magas of Cyrene">Magas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_II_of_Egypt" title="Berenice II of Egypt">Berenice II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_the_Fair" title="Demetrius the Fair">Demetrius the Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VIII_Physcon" title="Ptolemy VIII Physcon">Ptolemy VIII Physcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_Apion" title="Ptolemy Apion">Ptolemy Apion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra Selene II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seleucus_I_Nicator" title="Seleucus I Nicator">Seleucus I Nicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_I_Soter" title="Antiochus I Soter">Antiochus I Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_II_Theos" title="Antiochus II Theos">Antiochus II Theos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucus_II_Callinicus" title="Seleucus II Callinicus">Seleucus II Callinicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucus_III_Ceraunus" title="Seleucus III Ceraunus">Seleucus III Ceraunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_III_the_Great" title="Antiochus III the Great">Antiochus III the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucus_IV_Philopator" title="Seleucus IV Philopator">Seleucus IV Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_IV_Epiphanes" title="Antiochus IV Epiphanes">Antiochus IV Epiphanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_V_Eupator" title="Antiochus V Eupator">Antiochus V Eupator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_I_Soter" title="Demetrius I Soter">Demetrius I Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Balas" title="Alexander Balas">Alexander I Balas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_II_Nicator" title="Demetrius II Nicator">Demetrius II Nicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_VI_Dionysus" title="Antiochus VI Dionysus">Antiochus VI Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diodotus_Tryphon" title="Diodotus Tryphon">Diodotus Tryphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_VII_Sidetes" title="Antiochus VII Sidetes">Antiochus VII Sidetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_Zabinas" title="Alexander II Zabinas">Alexander II Zabinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_Thea" title="Cleopatra Thea">Cleopatra Thea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucus_V_Philometor" title="Seleucus V Philometor">Seleucus V Philometor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_VIII_Grypus" title="Antiochus VIII Grypus">Antiochus VIII Grypus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_IX_Cyzicenus" title="Antiochus IX Cyzicenus">Antiochus IX Cyzicenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucus_VI_Epiphanes" title="Seleucus VI Epiphanes">Seleucus VI Epiphanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_X_Eusebes" title="Antiochus X Eusebes">Antiochus X Eusebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_XI_Epiphanes" title="Antiochus XI Epiphanes">Antiochus XI Epiphanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_III_Eucaerus" title="Demetrius III Eucaerus">Demetrius III Eucaerus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_I_Philadelphus" title="Philip I Philadelphus">Philip I Philadelphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_XII_Dionysus" title="Antiochus XII Dionysus">Antiochus XII Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_of_Syria" title="Cleopatra Selene of Syria">Cleopatra Selene I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_XIII_Asiaticus" title="Antiochus XIII Asiaticus">Antiochus XIII Asiaticus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_Philoromaeus" title="Philip II Philoromaeus">Philip II Philoromaeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Lysimachus" title="Lysimachus">Lysimachids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lysimachus" title="Lysimachus">Lysimachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_Epigonos" title="Ptolemy Epigonos">Ptolemy Epigonos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Attalid_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Attalid dynasty">Attalids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philetaerus" title="Philetaerus">Philetaerus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eumenes_I" title="Eumenes I">Eumenes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attalus_I" title="Attalus I">Attalus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eumenes_II" title="Eumenes II">Eumenes II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attalus_II_Philadelphus" title="Attalus II Philadelphus">Attalus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attalus_III" title="Attalus III">Attalus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eumenes_III" title="Eumenes III">Eumenes III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom" title="Greco-Bactrian Kingdom">Greco-Bactrians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diodotus_I" title="Diodotus I">Diodotus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diodotus_II" title="Diodotus II">Diodotus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthydemus_I" title="Euthydemus I">Euthydemus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_I_of_Bactria" title="Demetrius I of Bactria">Demetrius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthydemus_II" title="Euthydemus II">Euthydemus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimachus_I" title="Antimachus I">Antimachus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantaleon" title="Pantaleon">Pantaleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agathocles_of_Bactria" title="Agathocles of Bactria">Agathocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_II_of_India" title="Demetrius II of India">Demetrius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucratides_I" title="Eucratides I">Eucratides I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato_of_Bactria" title="Plato of Bactria">Plato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucratides_II" title="Eucratides II">Eucratides II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliocles_I" title="Heliocles I">Heliocles I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_Kingdom" title="Indo-Greek Kingdom">Indo-Greeks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_I_of_Bactria" title="Demetrius I of Bactria">Demetrius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimachus_I" title="Antimachus I">Antimachus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantaleon" title="Pantaleon">Pantaleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agathocles_of_Bactria" title="Agathocles of Bactria">Agathocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollodotus_I" title="Apollodotus I">Apollodotus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_II_of_India" title="Demetrius II of India">Demetrius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimachus_II" title="Antimachus II">Antimachus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menander_I" title="Menander I">Menander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoilos_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoilos I">Zoilos I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agathokleia" class="mw-redirect" title="Agathokleia">Agathokleia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysias_Anicetus" title="Lysias Anicetus">Lysias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strato_I" title="Strato I">Strato I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antialcidas" title="Antialcidas">Antialcidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliokles_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliokles II">Heliokles II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyxenos_Epiphanes_Soter" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyxenos Epiphanes Soter">Polyxenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_III_Aniketos" title="Demetrius III Aniketos">Demetrius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philoxenus_Anicetus" title="Philoxenus Anicetus">Philoxenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diomedes_Soter" title="Diomedes Soter">Diomedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amyntas_Nikator" class="mw-redirect" title="Amyntas Nikator">Amyntas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epander" title="Epander">Epander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilos_(king)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theophilos (king)">Theophilos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peukolaos" class="mw-redirect" title="Peukolaos">Peukolaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thraso" title="Thraso">Thraso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicias_(Indo-Greek_king)" title="Nicias (Indo-Greek king)">Nicias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menander_II" title="Menander II">Menander II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemidoros" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemidoros">Artemidoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermaeus" title="Hermaeus">Hermaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archebius" title="Archebius">Archebius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephos_Euergetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephos Euergetes">Telephos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollodotus_II" title="Apollodotus II">Apollodotus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippostratos" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippostratos">Hippostratos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysios_Soter" class="mw-redirect" title="Dionysios Soter">Dionysios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoilos_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoilos II">Zoilos II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollophanes" title="Apollophanes">Apollophanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strato_II" title="Strato II">Strato II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strato_III" title="Strato III">Strato III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Bithynia" title="List of rulers of Bithynia">Monarchs of Bithynia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boteiras_of_Bithynia" title="Boteiras of Bithynia">Boteiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bas_of_Bithynia" title="Bas of Bithynia">Bas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zipoetes_I_of_Bithynia" title="Zipoetes I of Bithynia">Zipoetes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicomedes_I_of_Bithynia" title="Nicomedes I of Bithynia">Nicomedes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zipoetes_II_of_Bithynia" title="Zipoetes II of Bithynia">Zipoetes II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etazeta_of_Bithynia" title="Etazeta of Bithynia">Etazeta</a> (regent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziaelas_of_Bithynia" title="Ziaelas of Bithynia">Ziaelas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prusias_I_of_Bithynia" title="Prusias I of Bithynia">Prusias I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prusias_II_of_Bithynia" title="Prusias II of Bithynia">Prusias II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicomedes_II_of_Bithynia" title="Nicomedes II of Bithynia">Nicomedes II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicomedes_III_of_Bithynia" title="Nicomedes III of Bithynia">Nicomedes III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicomedes_IV_of_Bithynia" title="Nicomedes IV of Bithynia">Nicomedes IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socrates_Chrestus" title="Socrates Chrestus">Socrates Chrestus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Pontus" class="mw-redirect" title="List of kings of Pontus">Monarchs of Pontus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_I_of_Pontus" title="Mithridates I of Pontus">Mithridates I Ctistes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariobarzanes_of_Pontus" title="Ariobarzanes of Pontus">Ariobarzanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_II_of_Pontus" title="Mithridates II of Pontus">Mithridates II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_III_of_Pontus" title="Mithridates III of Pontus">Mithridates III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharnaces_I_of_Pontus" title="Pharnaces I of Pontus">Pharnaces I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_IV_of_Pontus" title="Mithridates IV of Pontus">Mithridates IV Philopator Philadephos</a> with <a href="/wiki/Laodice_(sister-wife_of_Mithridates_IV_of_Pontus)" title="Laodice (sister-wife of Mithridates IV of Pontus)">Laodice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_V_of_Pontus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mithridates V of Pontus">Mithridates V Euergetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_VI_Eupator" title="Mithridates VI Eupator">Mithridates VI Eupator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharnaces_II_of_Pontus" title="Pharnaces II of Pontus">Pharnaces II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_of_Pontus" title="Darius of Pontus">Darius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsaces_of_Pontus" title="Arsaces of Pontus">Arsaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polemon_I_of_Pontus" title="Polemon I of Pontus">Polemon I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythodorida_of_Pontus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pythodorida of Pontus">Pythodorida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polemon_II_of_Pontus" title="Polemon II of Pontus">Polemon II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Commagene" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Commagene">Monarchs of Commagene</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaeus_of_Commagene" title="Ptolemaeus of Commagene">Ptolemaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sames_II_Theosebes_Dikaios" title="Sames II Theosebes Dikaios">Sames II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_I_Callinicus" title="Mithridates I Callinicus">Mithridates I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_I_Theos_of_Commagene" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiochus I Theos of Commagene">Antiochus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_II_of_Commagene" title="Mithridates II of Commagene">Mithridates II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_II_of_Commagene" title="Antiochus II of Commagene">Antiochus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_III_of_Commagene" title="Mithridates III of Commagene">Mithridates III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_III_of_Commagene" title="Antiochus III of Commagene">Antiochus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_IV_of_Commagene" title="Antiochus IV of Commagene">Antiochus IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Cappadocia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Cappadocia">Monarchs of Cappadocia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariarathes_I_of_Cappadocia" title="Ariarathes I of Cappadocia">Ariarathes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariarathes_II_of_Cappadocia" title="Ariarathes II of Cappadocia">Ariarathes II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariamnes_of_Cappadocia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariamnes of Cappadocia">Ariamnes II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariarathes_III_of_Cappadocia" title="Ariarathes III of Cappadocia">Ariarathes III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariarathes_IV_of_Cappadocia" title="Ariarathes IV of Cappadocia">Ariarathes IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariarathes_V_of_Cappadocia" title="Ariarathes V of Cappadocia">Ariarathes V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orophernes_of_Cappadocia" title="Orophernes of Cappadocia">Orophernes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariarathes_VI_of_Cappadocia" title="Ariarathes VI of Cappadocia">Ariarathes VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariarathes_VII_of_Cappadocia" title="Ariarathes VII of Cappadocia">Ariarathes VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariarathes_VIII_of_Cappadocia" title="Ariarathes VIII of Cappadocia">Ariarathes VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariarathes_IX_of_Cappadocia" title="Ariarathes IX of Cappadocia">Ariarathes IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariobarzanes_I_of_Cappadocia" title="Ariobarzanes I of Cappadocia">Ariobarzanes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariobarzanes_II_of_Cappadocia" title="Ariobarzanes II of Cappadocia">Ariobarzanes II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariobarzanes_III_of_Cappadocia" title="Ariobarzanes III of Cappadocia">Ariobarzanes III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariarathes_X_of_Cappadocia" title="Ariarathes X of Cappadocia">Ariarathes X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archelaus_of_Cappadocia" title="Archelaus of Cappadocia">Archelaus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Bosporan_Kingdom" title="Bosporan Kingdom">Monarchs of the<br />Cimmerian Bosporus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paerisades_I" title="Paerisades I">Paerisades I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyros_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Satyros II">Satyros II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prytanis_of_Bosporus" title="Prytanis of Bosporus">Prytanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eumelos_of_Bosporus" class="mw-redirect" title="Eumelos of Bosporus">Eumelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartokos_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Spartokos III">Spartokos III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hygiainon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hygiainon">Hygiainon</a> (regent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paerisades_II" title="Paerisades II">Paerisades II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartokos_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Spartokos IV">Spartokos IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukon_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Leukon II">Leukon II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spartokos_V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spartokos V (page does not exist)">Spartokos V</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA_V" class="extiw" title="ru:Спарток V">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamasarye_Philoteknos" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamasarye Philoteknos">Kamasarye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paerisades_III" title="Paerisades III">Paerisades III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paerisades_IV_Philometor" title="Paerisades IV Philometor">Paerisades IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paerisades_V" title="Paerisades V">Paerisades V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_VI_of_Pontus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mithridates VI of Pontus">Mithridates I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharnaces_II_of_Pontus" title="Pharnaces II of Pontus">Pharnaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asander_(Bosporan_king)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asander (Bosporan king)">Asander</a> with <a href="/wiki/Dynamis_(Bosporan_queen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamis (Bosporan queen)">Dynamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_I_of_the_Bosporus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mithridates I of the Bosporus">Mithridates II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asander_(Bosporan_king)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asander (Bosporan king)">Asander</a> with <a href="/wiki/Dynamis_(Bosporan_queen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamis (Bosporan queen)">Dynamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scribonius_(Bosporan_usurper)" title="Scribonius (Bosporan usurper)">Scribonius</a>'s attempted rule with <a href="/wiki/Dynamis_(Bosporan_queen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamis (Bosporan queen)">Dynamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamis_(Bosporan_queen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamis (Bosporan queen)">Dynamis</a> with <a href="/wiki/Polemon_I_of_Pontus" title="Polemon I of Pontus">Polemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polemon_I_of_Pontus" title="Polemon I of Pontus">Polemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Julius_Aspurgus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiberius Julius Aspurgus">Aspurgus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gepaepyris" title="Gepaepyris">Gepaepyris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Julius_Mithridates" title="Tiberius Julius Mithridates">Mithridates III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Julius_Cotys_I" title="Tiberius Julius Cotys I">Cotys I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_kings_of_Epirus" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the kings of Epirus">Monarchs of Epirus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admetus_of_Epirus" title="Admetus of Epirus">Admetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharrhypas" title="Tharrhypas">Tharrhypas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcetas_I_of_Epirus" title="Alcetas I of Epirus">Alcetas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoptolemus_I_of_Epirus" title="Neoptolemus I of Epirus">Neoptolemus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arybbas" class="mw-redirect" title="Arybbas">Arybbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Epirus" title="Alexander I of Epirus">Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeacides_of_Epirus" title="Aeacides of Epirus">Aeacides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoptolemus_II_of_Epirus" title="Neoptolemus II of Epirus">Neoptolemus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcetas_II_of_Epirus" title="Alcetas II of Epirus">Alcetas II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrhus_of_Epirus" title="Pyrrhus of Epirus">Pyrrhus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Epirus" title="Alexander II of Epirus">Alexander II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympias_II_of_Epirus" title="Olympias II of Epirus">Olympias II</a> (regent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrhus_II_of_Epirus" title="Pyrrhus II of Epirus">Pyrrhus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_of_Epirus" title="Ptolemy of Epirus">Ptolemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrhus_III_of_Epirus" title="Pyrrhus III of Epirus">Pyrrhus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deidamia_II_of_Epirus" title="Deidamia II of Epirus">Deidamia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Hellenistic rulers were preceded by <a href="/wiki/Template:Hellenistic_satraps" title="Template:Hellenistic satraps">Hellenistic satraps</a> in most of their territories.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q299387#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q299387#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q299387#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/22934214">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/322154381065730292172">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjDy638c4wtYkhX6dVHW8P">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118596918">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1302730">Spain</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ptolemy_Ceraunus&oldid=1228813146">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ptolemy_Ceraunus&oldid=1228813146</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:3rd-century_BC_Macedonian_monarchs" title="Category:3rd-century BC Macedonian monarchs">3rd-century BC Macedonian monarchs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Macedonian_monarchs_killed_in_battle" title="Category:Ancient Macedonian monarchs killed in battle">Ancient Macedonian monarchs killed in battle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Non-dynastic_kings_of_Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Category:Non-dynastic kings of Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Non-dynastic kings of Macedonia (ancient kingdom)</a></li><li><a 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