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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Classification</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Classification-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Classification subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Blench_(2018)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blench_(2018)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Blench (2018)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blench_(2018)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blench_(2008)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blench_(2008)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Blench (2008)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blench_(2008)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gerhardt_(1983)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gerhardt_(1983)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Gerhardt (1983)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gerhardt_(1983)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language_list" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language_list"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Language list</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language_list-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morphology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morphology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Morphology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morphology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reconstructions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reconstructions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Reconstructions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reconstructions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Numerals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numerals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Numerals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numerals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Plateau languages</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateau-Sprachen" title="Plateau-Sprachen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Plateau-Sprachen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_de_la_Meseta_de_Nigeria_central" title="Lenguas de la Meseta de Nigeria central – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguas de la Meseta de Nigeria central" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_du_plateau_nig%C3%A9rian" title="Langues du plateau nigérian – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langues du plateau nigérian" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harsunan_Filato" title="Harsunan Filato – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Harsunan Filato" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateau_jezici" title="Plateau jezici – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Plateau jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengas_plan%C3%B2l" title="Lengas planòl – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lengas planòl" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_plateau" title="Języki plateau – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Języki plateau" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_platoides" title="Línguas platoides – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Línguas platoides" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbile_Podi%C8%99ului_Nigerian" title="Limbile Podișului Nigerian – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limbile Podișului Nigerian" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilyem_Pi%CC%B1lato" title="Lilyem Pi̱lato – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Lilyem Pi̱lato" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Плато мови – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Плато мови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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</nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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of Benue–Congo languages of central Nigeria</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:22em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #ffddaa;">Plateau</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #ffddaa;">Platoid</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Geographic<br />distribution</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Plateau_State" title="Plateau State">Plateau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaduna_State" title="Kaduna State">Kaduna</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nasarawa_State" title="Nasarawa State">Nasarawa</a> states, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Linguistic classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a>?<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic%E2%80%93Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic–Congo">Atlantic–Congo</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Volta-Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Volta-Congo">Volta-Congo</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Benue%E2%80%93Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Benue–Congo">Benue–Congo</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><b>Plateau</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #ffddaa;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">–</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><samp><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/benu1248">benu1248</a></code></samp></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Plateau_languages.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Map_of_the_Plateau_languages.svg/300px-Map_of_the_Plateau_languages.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Map_of_the_Plateau_languages.svg/450px-Map_of_the_Plateau_languages.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Map_of_the_Plateau_languages.svg/600px-Map_of_the_Plateau_languages.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1362" data-file-height="1188" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">The Plateau languages shown within Nigeria</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The forty or so <b>Plateau languages</b> are a tentative group of <a href="/wiki/Benue%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Benue–Congo languages">Benue–Congo languages</a> spoken by 15 million people on the <a href="/wiki/Jos_Plateau" title="Jos Plateau">Jos Plateau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Kaduna" title="Southern Kaduna">Southern Kaduna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nassarawa_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Nassarawa State">Nasarawa State</a> and in adjacent areas in central <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Berom_language" title="Berom language">Berom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eggon_language" title="Eggon language">Eggon</a> have the most speakers. Most Plateau languages are threatened and have around 2,000-10,000 speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-Blench2007_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blench2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Defining features of the Plateau family have only been published in manuscript form (Blench 2008). Many of the languages have highly elaborate phonology systems that make comparison with poor data difficult. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Branches_and_locations">Branches and locations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plateau_languages&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Branches and locations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Below is a list of major Plateau branches and their primary locations (centres of diversity) based on Blench (2019).<sup id="cite_ref-BlenchAtlas4_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlenchAtlas4-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Distributions of Plateau branches</b><sup id="cite_ref-BlenchAtlas4_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlenchAtlas4-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Branch</th> <th>Primary locations </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alumic_languages" title="Alumic languages">Alumic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Akwanga" title="Akwanga">Akwanga</a> LGA, <a href="/wiki/Nasarawa_State" title="Nasarawa State">Nasarawa State</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beromic_languages" title="Beromic languages">Beromic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barkin_Ladi" title="Barkin Ladi">Barkin Ladi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos_North" title="Jos North">Jos North</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos_South" title="Jos South">Jos South</a> and <a href="/wiki/Riyom" title="Riyom">Riyom</a> LGAs, <a href="/wiki/Plateau_State" title="Plateau State">Plateau State</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Jema%27a" title="Jema'a">Jema'a</a> LGAs, <a href="/wiki/Kaduna_State" title="Kaduna State">Kaduna State</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Plateau_languages" title="Central Plateau languages">Central</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jaba,_Nigeria" title="Jaba, Nigeria">Jaba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jema%27a" title="Jema'a">Jema'a</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kachia" title="Kachia">Kachia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kagarko" title="Kagarko">Kagarko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kajuru" title="Kajuru">Kajuru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaura,_Kaduna" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaura, Kaduna">Kaura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kauru" title="Kauru">Kauru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zangon_Kataf" title="Zangon Kataf">Zangon Kataf</a> LGAs, <a href="/wiki/Kaduna_State" title="Kaduna State">Kaduna State</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Bassa,_Plateau_State" title="Bassa, Plateau State">Bassa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos_East" title="Jos East">Jos East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jos_North" title="Jos North">Jos North</a> LGAs, <a href="/wiki/Plateau_State" title="Plateau State">Plateau State</a>; <a href="/wiki/Toro,_Nigeria" title="Toro, Nigeria">Toro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tafawa_Balewa,_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria">Tafawa Balewa</a> LGAs, <a href="/wiki/Bauchi_State" title="Bauchi State">Bauchi State</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Plateau_languages" title="East Plateau languages">East</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mangu,_Nigeria" title="Mangu, Nigeria">Mangu</a> LGA, <a href="/wiki/Plateau_State" title="Plateau State">Plateau State</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ndunic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Ndunic languages">Ndunic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sanga,_Nigeria" title="Sanga, Nigeria">Sanga</a> LGA, <a href="/wiki/Kaduna_State" title="Kaduna State">Kaduna State</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ninzic_languages" title="Ninzic languages">Ninzic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jema%27a" title="Jema'a">Jema'a</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sanga,_Kaduna_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanga, Kaduna State">Sanga</a> LGAs, <a href="/wiki/Kaduna_State" title="Kaduna State">Kaduna State</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Akwanga" title="Akwanga">Akwanga</a> LGA, <a href="/wiki/Nasarawa_State" title="Nasarawa State">Nasarawa State</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Plateau_languages" title="South Plateau languages">South</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Akwanga" title="Akwanga">Akwanga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nasarawa_Eggon" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasarawa Eggon">Nasarawa Eggon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lafia" title="Lafia">Lafia</a> LGAs, <a href="/wiki/Nasarawa_State" title="Nasarawa State">Nasarawa State</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bwari" title="Bwari">Bwari</a> LGA, <a href="/wiki/Federal_Capital_Territory,_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria">Federal Capital Territory</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tarokoid_languages" title="Tarokoid languages">Tarokoid</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Langtang_North" title="Langtang North">Langtang North</a>, <a href="/wiki/Langtang_South" title="Langtang South">Langtang South</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wase,_Nigeria" title="Wase, Nigeria">Wase</a> LGAs, <a href="/wiki/Plateau_State" title="Plateau State">Plateau State</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Plateau languages are highly typologically and lexically diverse. For instance, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Blench" title="Roger Blench">Roger Blench</a> (2022) notes that <a href="/wiki/Beromic_languages" title="Beromic languages">Beromic</a> is more internally diverse than all of <a href="/wiki/Angas_languages" title="Angas languages">West Chadic A3</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-West_Chadic_Plateau_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-West_Chadic_Plateau-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plateau_languages&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Little work has been done on the Plateau languages, and the results to date are tentative. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blench_(2018)"><span id="Blench_.282018.29"></span>Blench (2018)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plateau_languages&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Blench (2018)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Blench (2018:112) gives the following classification of the Plateau languages.<sup id="cite_ref-Blench2018_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blench2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><b>Plateau</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tarokoid_languages" title="Tarokoid languages">Tarokoid</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Plateau_languages" title="South Plateau languages">South</a> <ul><li>Eggonic (2)</li> <li>Jilic (2–4)</li></ul></li> <li>? <a href="/wiki/East_Plateau_languages" title="East Plateau languages">East</a> (2–3) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Barkul_language" title="Barkul language">Bo-Rukul</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horom_language" title="Horom language">Horom</a>-<a href="/wiki/Fyam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Fyam language">Fyem</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndunic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Ndunic languages">Ndunic</a> (<i>Ahwai</i>) (1–3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alumic_languages" title="Alumic languages">Alumic</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninzic_languages" title="Ninzic languages">Ninzic</a> (13–14)</li> <li>? <a href="/wiki/Central_Plateau_languages" title="Central Plateau languages">West-Central</a> area (~20) <ul><li>Rigwe</li> <li>Tyapic</li> <li>Izeric</li> <li>Hyamic</li> <li>Koro</li> <li>Gyongic</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Plateau_languages" title="Central Plateau languages">North-West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beromic_languages" title="Beromic languages">Beromic</a> (4)</li> <li>? <i><a href="/wiki/Eloyi_language" title="Eloyi language">Eloyi</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blench_(2008)"><span id="Blench_.282008.29"></span>Blench (2008)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plateau_languages&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Blench (2008)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following classification is taken from Blench (2008).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the branches are discrete constituents, though Central is a residual grouping and there are doubts about some of the purported <a href="/wiki/Ninzic_languages" title="Ninzic languages">Ninzic languages</a>. Plateau languages as a whole share a number of isoglosses, as do all branches apart from <a href="/wiki/Tarokoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarokoid">Tarokoid</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><b>Plateau</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tarokoid_languages" title="Tarokoid languages">Tarokoid</a> (5)</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="emptyline"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eloyi_language" title="Eloyi language">Eloyi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Plateau_languages" title="South Plateau languages">South</a> <ul><li>Eggonic (2)</li> <li>Jilic (2–4)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndunic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Ndunic languages">Ndunic</a> (<i>Ahwai</i>) (1–3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alumic_languages" title="Alumic languages">Alumic</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninzic_languages" title="Ninzic languages">Ninzic</a> (13–14)</li> <li>? <a href="/wiki/East_Plateau_languages" title="East Plateau languages">East</a> (2–3)</li> <li>? <a href="/wiki/Central_Plateau_languages" title="Central Plateau languages">Central</a> (20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beromic_languages" title="Beromic languages">Beromic</a> (4)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <p>Glottolog adds the <a href="/wiki/Yukubenic_languages" title="Yukubenic languages">Yukubenic languages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blench, however, places Yukubenic in the <a href="/wiki/Jukunoid_languages" title="Jukunoid languages">Jukunoid family</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> following Shimizu (1980).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gerhardt_(1983)"><span id="Gerhardt_.281983.29"></span>Gerhardt (1983)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plateau_languages&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Gerhardt (1983)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Classification of Plateau languages by Gerhardt (1983),<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> based on Maddieson (1972):<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><b>Plateau</b> <ul><li>Plateau 1a, 1b (<a href="/wiki/Kainji_languages" title="Kainji languages">Kainji languages</a>)</li> <li>Plateau 2 <ul><li>Yeskwa, Lungu, Koro</li> <li>Kamanton, Kagoma, Jaba cluster, Nandu-Tari</li> <li>Afuzare, Kaje, Iregwe</li> <li>Kagoro, Ataka, Katab (including Kachicheri, Kafanchan), Marwa</li> <li>Kadara, Kuturmi, Ikulu, Idong, Doka, Iku-Gora-Ankwa</li></ul></li> <li>Plateau 3 <ul><li>Migili (?, L. G.)</li> <li>Birom (including Aboro, Afango)</li> <li>Aten</li></ul></li> <li>Plateau 4 <ul><li>Ayu</li> <li>Kwanka-Boi-Bijim-Shall-Zwall</li> <li>Ninzam, Mada, Gwantu, Numana-Nunku, Nindem, Kaningkon, Kanufi</li> <li>Rukuba</li></ul></li> <li>Plateau 5 <ul><li>Yashi</li> <li>Eggon, Nungu, Ake, Jidda-Abu</li></ul></li> <li>Plateau 6 <ul><li>Pyam</li> <li>Horom</li></ul></li> <li>Plateau 7 <ul><li>Tarok (= Yergam)</li> <li>Bashar</li> <li>Pai</li></ul></li> <li>Plateau 8 <ul><li>Mabo-Barkul</li></ul></li> <li>Plateau 9 <ul><li>Eloyi</li></ul></li> <li>Plateau 10 <ul><li>Turkwam, Arum-Chesu</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <p>Note: <i>Plateau 1</i> languages, consisting of Plateau 1a and 1b, are now classified separately as <a href="/wiki/Kainji_languages" title="Kainji languages">Kainji languages</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language_list">Language list</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plateau_languages&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Language list"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>List of Plateau languages given by Blench (2018):<sup id="cite_ref-Blench2018_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blench2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><b>Plateau</b> <ul><li>Northwest <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adara_language" title="Adara language">Eda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adara_language" title="Adara language">Edra</a></li> <li>Acro</li> <li>Obiro</li> <li>Mwaghavul</li> <li>Ẹjẹgha (Idon)</li> <li>Doka</li> <li>Ẹhwa (Iku-Gora-Ankwe)</li></ul></li> <li>Beromic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berom_language" title="Berom language">Berom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buji_language_(Nigeria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Buji language (Nigeria)">Buji</a></li> <li>Cara</li> <li>Iten</li> <li>Shall-Zwall</li></ul></li> <li>West-Central (area) <ul><li>Izeric <ul><li>Izere of Fobur</li> <li>Icèn, Ganàng, Fəràn</li></ul></li> <li>Rigwe</li> <li>Southern Zaria (now Southern Kaduna)</li> <li>Tyapic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jju_language" title="Jju language">Jju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyap_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyap language">Tyap</a></li> <li>Gworok</li> <li>Takad (Attakar)</li> <li>Tyecarak (Kacicere)</li> <li>Sholyio</li> <li>Fantswam (Kafancan)</li> <li>Tyuku</li></ul></li> <li>Koro <ul><li>Ashe</li> <li>Tinɔr (Waci-Myamya)</li> <li>Idũ, Gwara</li> <li>Nyankpa-Barde</li></ul></li> <li>Hyamic <ul><li>Shamang</li> <li>Cori</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyam_language" title="Hyam language">Hyam</a></li> <li>Zhire</li> <li>Shang</li></ul></li> <li>Gyongic <ul><li>Gyong (Kagoma)</li> <li>Nɡhan (Kamanton)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Ninzic <ul><li>Ninzo</li> <li>Ce</li> <li>Bu-Niŋkada</li> <li>Mada</li> <li>Numana-Nunku-Gwantu-Numbu</li> <li>Ningye-Ninka</li> <li>Anib</li> <li>Ninkyob</li> <li>Nindem</li> <li>Nungu</li> <li>Ayu</li></ul></li> <li>Ndunic <ul><li>Ndun (Tari)</li></ul></li> <li>Alumic <ul><li>Toro, Alumu-Təsu</li> <li>Hasha</li> <li>Sambe</li></ul></li> <li>Southern <ul><li>Eggonic <ul><li>Eggon</li> <li>Ake</li></ul></li> <li>Jilic <ul><li>Jili</li> <li>Jijili</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Southeastern (?) <ul><li>Fyem</li> <li>Horom</li> <li>Bo-Rukul</li></ul></li> <li>Tarokoid <ul><li>Tarok</li> <li>Pe (Pai)</li> <li>Kwang-Ya-Bijim-Legeri</li> <li>Yaŋkam (Bashar)</li> <li>Sur (Tapshin)</li></ul></li> <li>Eloyi</li></ul></li></ul> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Nisam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nisam language">Nisam</a> is a presumed Plateau language once spoken in Nince Village, Kaduna State, but its place within the Plateau branch cannot be ascertained due to the lack of linguistic data. In 2005, there was only one speaker of Nisam.<sup id="cite_ref-Blench2012_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blench2012-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Morphology">Morphology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plateau_languages&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Morphology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Proto-Plateau nominal prefixes:<sup id="cite_ref-Blench2018_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blench2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>*ni- (corresponding to Bantu noun class 9 *n- for animals and inanimate objects)</li> <li>*V- for person, *bV- for people</li> <li>*N- prefixes, homorganic with the following consonant</li> <li>*nV- ~ *mV- (both singular and plural), which mark liquids, mass nouns, and abstract nouns</li></ul> <p>Only some of the languages have nominal classes, as the <a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu languages</a> have, where in others these have eroded. In many Plateau languages, many CV- prefixes have become fossilised, replaced by V- prefixes, or disappeared altogether.<sup id="cite_ref-Blench2018_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blench2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The large numbers of consonants in many languages is due to the erosion of <a href="/wiki/Noun-class" class="mw-redirect" title="Noun-class">noun-class</a> prefixes. </p><p>In Plateau languages, adjectives and possessive forms generally follow the noun. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reconstructions">Reconstructions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plateau_languages&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Reconstructions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some Proto-Plateau quasi-reconstructions proposed by <a href="/wiki/Roger_Blench" title="Roger Blench">Roger Blench</a> (2008) are: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>No.</th> <th>Gloss</th> <th>Proto-Plateau </th></tr> <tr> <td>1.</td> <td>tree</td> <td>#ku-kon V-kon </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.</td> <td>leaf</td> <td>#(g)yaNa </td></tr> <tr> <td>4.</td> <td>dew</td> <td>#-myeŋe </td></tr> <tr> <td>12.</td> <td>wind</td> <td>#-gbulu </td></tr> <tr> <td>21.</td> <td>hunger</td> <td>#igbyoŋ </td></tr> <tr> <td>25.</td> <td>ear</td> <td>#ku-toŋ(ɔ) </td></tr> <tr> <td>26.</td> <td>mouth</td> <td>#ku-nyu </td></tr> <tr> <td>30.</td> <td>female breast</td> <td>#ambɛŋ </td></tr> <tr> <td>31.</td> <td>navel</td> <td>#i-kumbu </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.</td> <td>bone</td> <td>#-kupu </td></tr> <tr> <td>35.</td> <td>blood</td> <td>#-(n)ji </td></tr> <tr> <td>64.</td> <td>twelve/ten</td> <td>#isok- </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Numerals">Numerals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plateau_languages&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Numerals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Comparison of numerals in individual languages:<sup id="cite_ref-ChanNumeralsNC_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChanNumeralsNC-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Classification</th> <th>Language</th> <th>1</th> <th>2</th> <th>3</th> <th>4</th> <th>5</th> <th>6</th> <th>7</th> <th>8</th> <th>9</th> <th>10 </th></tr> <tr> <td>South</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:mgi" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:mgi">Lijili</a></td> <td>lō̥</td> <td>àbē̥</td> <td>àtʃé̥</td> <td>ànàró̥</td> <td>àsó̥</td> <td>mìnzí</td> <td>mútá</td> <td>rúnó̥</td> <td>zàtʃé̥</td> <td>zàbè̥ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Beromic</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:etx" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:etx">Aten (Iten)</a></td> <td>dáy</td> <td>fà</td> <td>tàt / tʃàt</td> <td>nàːs</td> <td>wí</td> <td>tàːrà</td> <td>nìtà</td> <td>nàràs</td> <td>dùːdʒàŋ</td> <td>dùːbɔ̀ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Beromic</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:bom" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:bom">Berom (Birom)</a></td> <td>ɡwīnìŋ / (d)īnìŋ (Roots)</td> <td>-bā</td> <td>-tāt</td> <td>-nāːs</td> <td>-tūŋūn</td> <td>-tī̄ː mìn</td> <td>-tāːmà (5+ 2)</td> <td>-rwīːt (5+ 3)</td> <td>syāː-tāt (12- 3)</td> <td>syāː-tāt (12- 2) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Central, South-Central</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:iri" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:iri">Irigwe (Rigwe)</a></td> <td>ˀzrú</td> <td>ˀʍʲè</td> <td>ˀt͡sʲɛ̀</td> <td>ˀni</td> <td>ˀt͡ɕʷòô</td> <td>rít͡sʲɛ́</td> <td>nat͡sʲɛ́</td> <td>klaǹvà</td> <td>kruvájá</td> <td>ʃʷá </td></tr> <tr> <td>Central, South-Central</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:kaj" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:kaj">Jju (Kaje)</a></td> <td>əyriŋ</td> <td>əhwa</td> <td>ətat</td> <td>ənaai</td> <td>əpfwɔn</td> <td>əkitat (2 x 3)</td> <td>ətiyriŋ</td> <td>ənaimbvwak</td> <td>əkumbvuyriŋ</td> <td>swak </td></tr> <tr> <td>Central, South-Central</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:kcg" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:kcg">Tyap (Kataf)</a></td> <td>əɲiuŋ/ ʒyiuŋ</td> <td>əfeaŋ/ sweaŋ</td> <td>ətat/ t͡sat</td> <td>ənaai/ ɲaai</td> <td>əfwuon/ t͡swuon</td> <td>ətaa</td> <td>ənatat</td> <td>əninai/ ərinai</td> <td>əkubunyiuŋ</td> <td>swak </td></tr> <tr> <td>Northern</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:ikl" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:ikl">Ikulu (Kulu)</a></td> <td>íńjí</td> <td>íńpààlá</td> <td>íńtáá</td> <td>íńnāā</td> <td>íńcūū</td> <td>íńcúnú</td> <td>tɔ́ɔ̀pāā</td> <td>níǹnāā (2 x 4) ?</td> <td>tɔ́ɔ̀llāā</td> <td>nùkɔ̄p </td></tr> <tr> <td>Southeastern</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:pym" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:pym">Fyam (Pyem)</a></td> <td>kʲéŋ</td> <td>por</td> <td>táár</td> <td>naas</td> <td>tóón</td> <td>táárin</td> <td>támor</td> <td>tʃínít</td> <td>téres</td> <td>dukút </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tarokoid</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:yer" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:yer">Tarok (Yergam)</a></td> <td>ùzɨ̀ŋ</td> <td>ùpàrɨ́m</td> <td>ùʃáɗɨ́ŋ</td> <td>ùnèɗɨ́ŋ</td> <td>ùtúkún</td> <td>ùk͡pə́ɗɨ́ŋ</td> <td>ùfàŋʃát</td> <td>ùnə̀nnè</td> <td>ùfàŋzɨ́ŋtɨ́ŋ</td> <td>ùɡ͡bə́pei </td></tr> <tr> <td>Western, Northwestern, Hyamic</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:jab" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:jab">Hyam (Jabba)</a></td> <td>ʒìnì</td> <td>fe̠ri</td> <td>taat</td> <td>naaŋ</td> <td>twoo</td> <td>twaani (5+ 1) ?</td> <td>twarfo (5+ 2) ?</td> <td>naaraŋ (2 x 4) ?</td> <td>mbwan kɔb (10 - 1)</td> <td>kɔ́b </td></tr> <tr> <td>Western, Northwestern, Koro</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:yes" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:yes">Yeskwa (Nyenkpa)</a></td> <td>ènyí</td> <td>ènvà</td> <td>èntât</td> <td>ènnà</td> <td>èntyúò</td> <td>èncí</td> <td>tònvà</td> <td>tóndát</td> <td>tyúôrá</td> <td>ókóp </td></tr> <tr> <td>Western, Southwestern, A</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:mda" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:mda">Mada (Madda)</a></td> <td>ɡyə̄r</td> <td>ywā</td> <td>tar</td> <td>nlyɛ̄</td> <td>tun</td> <td>tānnɛ̀n</td> <td>tāmɡ͡bā</td> <td>tāndà</td> <td>tīyār</td> <td>ɡùr </td></tr> <tr> <td>Western, Southwestern, A</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:nin" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:nin">Ninzo</a></td> <td>jír</td> <td>há</td> <td>tár</td> <td>nə̄(s)</td> <td>ʈʷí</td> <td>tānì</td> <td>tāŋɡ͡bā</td> <td>tāndàr</td> <td>tīr(s)</td> <td>wūr </td></tr> <tr> <td>Western, Southwestern, A</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:ruk" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:ruk">Rukuba (Che)</a></td> <td>ɡyín</td> <td>-hàk</td> <td>-tát</td> <td>-nàs</td> <td>-túŋ</td> <td>tàiŋ</td> <td>taŋbák</td> <td>taːrat</td> <td>taːras</td> <td>uwùruk </td></tr> <tr> <td>Western, Southwestern, B</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:ego" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:ego">Eggon</a> (1)</td> <td>ákiə́n</td> <td>àhàà</td> <td>àtráá</td> <td>ùɲí</td> <td>òtnó</td> <td>ùfín (5+ 1)</td> <td>àfóhà (5+ 2)</td> <td>àfóté (5+ 3)</td> <td>àfúúɲí (5+ 4)</td> <td>ókpo </td></tr> <tr> <td>Western, Southwestern, B</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:ego" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:ego">Eggon</a> (2)</td> <td>òrí</td> <td>ɔ̀hà</td> <td>ɔ̀cá</td> <td>òɲì</td> <td>ɔ̀tnɔ̂</td> <td>ə̀fĩ́ (5+ 1)</td> <td>ɔ̀fɔ́hà (5+ 2)</td> <td>ɔ̀fɔ́tɛ́ (5+ 3)</td> <td>ɔ̀fɔ̂ɲí (5+ 4)</td> <td>ɔ̀kbɔ́ </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plateau_languages&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:List_of_Plateau_reconstructions" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Appendix:List of Plateau reconstructions">List of Plateau reconstructions</a> (Wiktionary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Niger-Congo_speakers.png" title="File:Niger-Congo speakers.png">Systematic graphic of the Niger–Congo language family</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plateau_languages&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Blench2007-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blench2007_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Blench, Roger. 2007. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/38612386/Language_families_of_the_Nigerian_Middle_Belt_and_the_historical_implications_of_their_distribution">Language families of the Nigerian Middle Belt and the historical implications of their distribution</a></i>. Presented to the Jos Linguistic Circle in Jos, Nigeria, July 25, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BlenchAtlas4-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BlenchAtlas4_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BlenchAtlas4_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBlench2019" class="citation book cs1">Blench, Roger (2019). <i>An Atlas of Nigerian Languages</i> (4th ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Atlas+of+Nigerian+Languages&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Kay+Williamson+Educational+Foundation&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Blench&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlateau+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-West_Chadic_Plateau-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-West_Chadic_Plateau_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Blench, Roger (2022). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/89023379/Contact_between_West_Chadic_and_Plateau_languages_new_evidence_languages_new_evidence">Contact between West Chadic and Plateau languages: new evidence languages: new evidence</a></i>. 11-12 November 2022, presentation given at Universität Wien.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blench2018-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blench2018_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blench2018_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blench2018_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blench2018_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Blench, Roger M. 2018. Nominal affixes and number marking in the Plateau languages of Central Nigeria. In John R. Watters (ed.), <i>East Benue-Congo: Nouns, pronouns, and verbs</i>, 107–172. Berlin: Language Science Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5281%2Fzenodo.1314325">10.5281/zenodo.1314325</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlench2008" class="citation web cs1">Blench, Roger (April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/General/Prospecting%20proto-Plateau%20Unicode.pdf">"Prospecting Proto-Plateau"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prospecting+Proto-Plateau&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2008-04&rft.aulast=Blench&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rogerblench.info%2FLanguage%2FNiger-Congo%2FBC%2FPlateau%2FGeneral%2FProspecting%2520proto-Plateau%2520Unicode.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlateau+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/yuku1244">"Glottolog 3.0 - Yukubenic"</a>. <i>glottolog.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-08-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=glottolog.org&rft.atitle=Glottolog+3.0+-+Yukubenic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglottolog.org%2Fresource%2Flanguoid%2Fid%2Fyuku1244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlateau+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/subgroups/jukunoid">"Jukunoid"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&rft.atitle=Jukunoid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fsubgroups%2Fjukunoid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlateau+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoger_Blench2005" class="citation web cs1">Roger Blench (15 November 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255612036_Is_there_a_boundary_between_Plateau_and_Jukunoid">"Is there a boundary between Plateau and Jukunoid? (PDF Download Available)"</a>. <i>ResearchGate</i>. pp. 3, 5<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ResearchGate&rft.atitle=Is+there+a+boundary+between+Plateau+and+Jukunoid%3F+%28PDF+Download+Available%29&rft.pages=3%2C+5&rft.date=2005-11-15&rft.au=Roger+Blench&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F255612036_Is_there_a_boundary_between_Plateau_and_Jukunoid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlateau+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerhardt, Ludwig. 1983. <i>Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Sprachen des Nigerianischen Plateaus</i>. Glückstadt: Verlag J. J. Augustin.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maddieson, Ian. 1972. <i>The Benue-Congo Languages of Nigeria</i>. Sheet 1 and 2: <i>Plateau</i>. Mimeographed paper. Ibadan.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blench2012-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blench2012_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Blench, Roger M. 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/Alumic/Akpondu.pdf">Akpondu, Nigbo, Bəbər and Nisam: moribund or extinct languages of central Nigeria Babur</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChanNumeralsNC-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ChanNumeralsNC_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChan2019" class="citation web cs1">Chan, Eugene (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/channumerals/Niger-Congo.htm">"The Niger-Congo Language Phylum"</a>. Numeral Systems of the World's Languages.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Niger-Congo+Language+Phylum&rft.pub=Numeral+Systems+of+the+World%27s+Languages&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flingweb.eva.mpg.de%2Fchannumerals%2FNiger-Congo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlateau+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plateau_languages&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Blench (2008) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/General/Prospecting%20proto-Plateau%20Unicode.pdf"><i>Prospecting proto-Plateau</i></a>. Manuscript.</li></ul> <p><i><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/" title="creativecommons:by/3.0/"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Creative_Commons_by_small.svg/80px-Creative_Commons_by_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Creative_Commons_by_small.svg/120px-Creative_Commons_by_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Creative_Commons_by_small.svg/160px-Creative_Commons_by_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="15" /></a></span> This article incorporates <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rogerblench.info/">text</a> available under the <a href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/" class="extiw" title="creativecommons:by/3.0/">CC BY 3.0</a> license.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plateau_languages&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/PlOP.htm">Plateau materials</a> from Roger Blench</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://comparalex.org/">ComparaLex</a>, database with Plateau word lists</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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"}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Platoid_languages" title="Template:Platoid languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Platoid_languages" title="Template talk:Platoid languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Platoid_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Platoid languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Platoid_languages132" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Benue%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Benue–Congo languages">Platoid languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jukunoid_languages" title="Jukunoid languages">Jukunoid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Como_Karim_language" title="Como Karim language">Como Karim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etkywan_language" title="Etkywan language">Etkywan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B5ne_language" title="Hõne language">Hõne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Awei_language" title="Jan Awei language">Jan Awei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiba_language" title="Jiba language">Jiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jibu_language" title="Jibu language">Jibu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiru_language" title="Jiru language">Jiru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukun_Takum_language" title="Jukun Takum language">Jukun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kpan_language" title="Kpan language">Kpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuteb_language" title="Kuteb language">Kuteb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lau_language" title="Lau language">Lau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyifon_language" title="Nyifon language">Nyifon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoo-Minda-Nye_language" title="Shoo-Minda-Nye language">Shoo-Minda-Nye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigon_language" title="Tigon language">Tigon Mbembe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wannu_language" title="Wannu language">Wannu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wapan_language" title="Wapan language">Wapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%A3pha_language" title="Wãpha language">Wãpha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kainji_languages" title="Kainji languages">Kainji</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kambari_languages" title="Kambari languages">Kambari</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cipu_language" title="Cipu language">Cipu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baangi_language" title="Baangi language">Baangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimba_language" title="Kimba language">Kimba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingini_language" title="Shingini language">Shingini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadi_language" title="Vadi language">Vadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenci_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Wenci language">Wenci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yumu_language_(Nigeria)" title="Yumu language (Nigeria)">Yumu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Basa_languages" title="Basa languages">Basa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basa-Benue_language" title="Basa-Benue language">Basa-Benue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basa-Gumna_language" title="Basa-Gumna language">Basa-Gumna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basa-Gurara" class="mw-redirect" title="Basa-Gurara">Basa-Gurara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basa-Kontagora_language" title="Basa-Kontagora language">Basa-Kontagora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basa-Kwali" class="mw-redirect" title="Basa-Kwali">Basa-Kwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basa-Makurdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Basa-Makurdi">Basa-Makurdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koromba_language" title="Koromba language">Koromba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassa_Nge" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassa Nge">Bassa Nge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kamuku_languages" title="Kamuku languages">Kamuku</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinda-Regi_language" title="Cinda-Regi language">Cinda-Regi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Acipa_language" title="Eastern Acipa language">Eastern Acipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungworo_language" title="Hungworo language">Hungworo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagare_language" title="Kagare language">Kagare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogo_language" title="Rogo language">Rogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubaruba_language" title="Rubaruba language">Rubaruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shama_language" title="Shama language">Shama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shiroro_languages" title="Shiroro languages">Shiroro</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baushi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Baushi language">Baushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fungwa_language" title="Fungwa language">Fungwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmana_language" title="Gurmana language">Gurmana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pongu_language" title="Pongu language">Pongu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Kainji_languages" title="Northwest Kainji languages">Northwest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damakawa_language" title="Damakawa language">Damakawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwamhi-Wuri_language" title="Gwamhi-Wuri language">Gwamhi-Wuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hun-Saare_language" title="Hun-Saare language">Hun-Saare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lela_language" title="Lela language">Lela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ut-Ma%27in_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ut-Ma'in language">ut-Ma'in</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laru_language" title="Laru language">Laru</a> (Shen)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lopa_language" title="Lopa language">Lopa</a> (Rerang)</li> <li>? <a href="/wiki/Reshe_language" title="Reshe language">Reshe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Kainji_languages" title="East Kainji languages">East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gamo-Ningi_language" title="Gamo-Ningi language">Gamo-Ningi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyem_language" title="Gyem language">Gyem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iguta_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Iguta language">Iguta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izora_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Izora language">Izora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janji_language" title="Janji language">Janji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudu-Camo_language" title="Kudu-Camo language">Kudu-Camo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemoro_language" title="Lemoro language">Lemoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lere_language" title="Lere language">Lere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shau_language" title="Shau language">Shau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziriya_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziriya language">Ziriya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kauru</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bina_language" title="Bina language">Bina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungu_language" title="Dungu language">Dungu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gbiri-Niragu_language" title="Gbiri-Niragu language">Gbiri-Niragu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaivi_language" title="Kaivi language">Kaivi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinuku_language" title="Kinuku language">Kinuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kono_language_(Nigeria)" title="Kono language (Nigeria)">Kono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurama_language" title="Kurama language">Kurama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mala_language_(Nigeria)" title="Mala language (Nigeria)">Mala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruma_language" title="Ruma language">Ruma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuwa-Zamani_language" title="Shuwa-Zamani language">Shuwa-Zamani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vori_language" title="Vori language">Vori</a> (Surubu)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumi_language" title="Tumi language">Tumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vono_language" title="Vono language">Vono</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shammo_languages" title="Shammo languages">Shammo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zele_language" title="Zele language">Zele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boze_language" title="Boze language">Boze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panawa_language" title="Panawa language">Panawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanga_language_(Nigeria)" title="Sanga language (Nigeria)">Sanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gusu_language" title="Gusu language">Gusu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_language_(Nigeria)" title="Moro language (Nigeria)">Moro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loro_language" title="Loro language">Loro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunu_language_(Nigeria)" title="Bunu language (Nigeria)">Bunu</a></li> <li>? <a href="/wiki/Tunzu_language" title="Tunzu language">Tunzu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atsam_language" title="Atsam language">Atsam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Map_language" title="Map language">Map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piti_language" title="Piti language">Piti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Plateau</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tarokoid_languages" title="Tarokoid languages">Tarokoid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kusur%E2%80%93Myet_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kusur–Myet language">Kusur–Myet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwang_language_(Nigeria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwang language (Nigeria)">Kwang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe_language" title="Pe language">Pe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shall-Zwall_language" title="Shall-Zwall language">Shall-Zwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarok_language" title="Tarok language">Tarok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangkam_language" title="Yangkam language">Yangkam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Plateau_languages" title="South Plateau languages">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ake_language" title="Ake language">Ake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggon_language" title="Eggon language">Eggon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jijili_language" title="Jijili language">Jijili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jili_language" title="Jili language">Jili</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alumic_languages" title="Alumic languages">Alumic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alumu_language" title="Alumu language">Alumu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toro_language" title="Toro language">Toro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambe_language" title="Sambe language">Sambe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasha_language" title="Hasha language">Hasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigbo_language" title="Nigbo language">Nigbo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ninzic_languages" title="Ninzic languages">Ninzic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bu-Ninkada_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bu-Ninkada language">Bu-Ninkada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ce_language" title="Ce language">Ce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gb%C9%99tsu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gbətsu language">Gbətsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwantu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwantu language">Gwantu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanufi_language" title="Kanufi language">Kanufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mada_language" title="Mada language">Mada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningye_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ningye language">Ningye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninka_language" title="Ninka language">Ninka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninkyop_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninkyop language">Ninkyop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninzo_language" title="Ninzo language">Ninzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nk%C9%94_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nkɔ language">Nkɔ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nungu_language" title="Nungu language">Nungu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayu_language" title="Ayu language">Ayu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Plateau_languages" title="East Plateau languages">East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barkul_language" title="Barkul language">Barkul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Fyam language">Fyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horom_language" title="Horom language">Horom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Plateau_languages" title="Central Plateau languages">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashe_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashe language">Ashe</a> (Koro)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajuwa_language" title="Ajuwa language">Ajuwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cori_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cori language">Cori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangana_language" title="Dangana language">Dangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doka_language" title="Doka language">Doka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feran_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Feran language">Fəràn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwara_language" title="Gwara language">Gwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyong_language" title="Gyong language">Gyong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyam_language" title="Hyam language">Hyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idon_language" title="Idon language">Idon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idun_language" title="Idun language">Idun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iku_language" title="Iku language">Iku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izere_language" title="Izere language">Izere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jju_language" title="Jju language">Jju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadara_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadara language">Kadara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamanton_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamanton language">Kamanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulu_language" title="Kulu language">Kulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuturmi_language" title="Kuturmi language">Kuturmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigwe_language" title="Rigwe language">Rigwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamang_language" title="Shamang language">Shamang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyap_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyap language">Tyap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeskwa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeskwa language">Yeskwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhire_language" title="Zhire language">Zhire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Beromic_languages" title="Beromic languages">Beromic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berom_language" title="Berom language">Berom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cara_language" title="Cara language">Cara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iten_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Iten language">Iten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nincut_language" title="Nincut language">Nincut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yukubenic_languages" title="Yukubenic languages">Yukubenic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akum_language" title="Akum language">Akum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beezen_language" title="Beezen language">Beezen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bete_language_(Nigeria)" title="Bete language (Nigeria)">Bete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapya_language" title="Kapya language">Kapya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufu_language" title="Lufu language">Lufu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukuben_language" title="Yukuben language">Yukuben</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ndunic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Ndunic languages">Ndunic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahwai_language" title="Ahwai language">Ahwai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eloyi_language" title="Eloyi language">Eloyi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Niger–Congo_branches200" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Niger%E2%80%93Congo_branches" title="Template:Niger–Congo branches"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Niger%E2%80%93Congo_branches" title="Template talk:Niger–Congo branches"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Niger%E2%80%93Congo_branches" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Niger–Congo branches"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Niger–Congo_branches200" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a> branches</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Atlantic–Congo languages">Atlantic–Congo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Savannas_languages" title="Savannas languages">Savannas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adamawa_languages" title="Adamawa languages">Adamawa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bena%E2%80%93Mboi_languages" title="Bena–Mboi languages">Bena–Mboi</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bikwin%E2%80%93Jen_languages" title="Bikwin–Jen languages">Bikwin–Jen</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bua_languages" title="Bua languages">Bua</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_language" title="Day language">Day</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Fali_languages_(Cameroon)" title="Fali languages (Cameroon)">Fali</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kim_languages" title="Kim languages">Kim</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwah_language" title="Kwah language">Kwah (Baa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longuda_language" title="Longuda language">Longuda</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mbum_languages" title="Mbum languages">Mbum (Kebi–Benue)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mumuye_languages" title="Mumuye languages">Mumuye</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingwom_language" title="Nyingwom language">Nyingwom (Kam)</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Duru_languages" title="Duru languages">Samba–Duru</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tula%E2%80%93Waja_languages" title="Tula–Waja languages">Tula–Waja</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yendang_languages" title="Yendang languages">Yendang (Maya)</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gur_languages" title="Gur languages">Gur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gur_languages" title="Gur languages">Central Gur</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulango_languages" title="Kulango languages">Kulango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yobe_language" title="Yobe language">Miyobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samo_language_(Burkina)" title="Samo language (Burkina)">Samo (Burkina)</a> ?</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Senufo_languages" title="Senufo languages">Senufo</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiefo_language" title="Tiefo language">Tiefo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tusya_language" title="Tusya language">Tusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viemo_language" title="Viemo language">Viemo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ubangian_languages" title="Ubangian languages">Ubangian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Banda_languages" title="Banda languages">Banda</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gbaya_languages" title="Gbaya languages">Gbaya</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mba_languages" title="Mba languages">Mba</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ngbaka_languages" title="Ngbaka languages">Ngbaka (Mundu–Baka)</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngbandi_language" title="Ngbandi language">Ngbandi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sere_languages" title="Sere languages">Sere (Ndogo)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zande_languages" title="Zande languages">Zande</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Volta%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Volta–Congo languages">Volta–Congo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Benue%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Benue–Congo languages">Benue–Congo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Platoid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jukunoid_languages" title="Jukunoid languages">Jukunoid</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kainji_languages" title="Kainji languages">Kainji</a></b></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Plateau</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cross_River_languages" title="Cross River languages">Cross River</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Central_Delta_languages" title="Central Delta languages">Central Delta</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lower_Cross_River_languages" title="Lower Cross River languages">Lower Cross River</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ogoni_languages" title="Ogoni languages">Ogoni</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Upper_Cross_River_languages" title="Upper Cross River languages">Upper Cross River</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Bantoid_languages" title="Northern Bantoid languages">Northern Bantoid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Dakoid_languages" title="Dakoid languages">Dakoid</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mambiloid_languages" title="Mambiloid languages">Mambiloid</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikar_language" title="Tikar language">Tikar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Bantoid_languages" title="Southern Bantoid languages">Southern Bantoid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Beboid_languages" title="Beboid languages">Beboid</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bendi_languages" title="Bendi languages">Bendi</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ekoid_languages" title="Ekoid languages">Ekoid</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Grassfields_languages" title="Grassfields languages">Grassfields</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tivoid_languages" title="Tivoid languages">Tivoid</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Volta%E2%80%93Niger_languages" title="Volta–Niger languages">Volta–Niger</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akoko_language" title="Akoko language">Akoko</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Akpes_language" title="Akpes language">Akpes</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ayere%E2%80%93Ahan_languages" title="Ayere–Ahan languages">Ayere–Ahan</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Edoid_languages" title="Edoid languages">Edoid</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gbe_languages" title="Gbe languages">Gbe</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Idomoid_languages" title="Idomoid languages">Idomoid</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Igboid_languages" title="Igboid languages">Igboid</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nupoid_languages" title="Nupoid languages">Nupoid</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oko_language" title="Oko language">Oko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukaan_language" title="Ukaan language">Ukaan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yoruboid_languages" title="Yoruboid languages">Yoruboid</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Atlantic_languages" title="West Atlantic languages">West Atlantic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bak_languages" title="Bak languages">Bak</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bijago_language" title="Bijago language">Bijago</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gola_language" title="Gola language">Gola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limba_language" title="Limba language">Limba</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mel_languages" title="Mel languages">Mel</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalu_language" title="Nalu language">Nalu</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rio_Nunez_languages" title="Rio Nunez languages">Rio Nunez</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Senegambian_languages" title="Senegambian languages">Senegambian</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sua_language" title="Sua language">Sua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others (<a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dompo_language" title="Dompo language">Dompo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ega_language" title="Ega language">Ega</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kru_languages" title="Kru languages">Kru</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kwa_languages" title="Kwa languages">Kwa</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mangree_language" title="Mangree language">Mangree</a></i> ?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbre_language" title="Mbre language">Mbre</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mpra_language" title="Mpra language">Mpra</a></i> ?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siamou_language" title="Siamou language">Siamou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mande_languages" title="Mande languages">Mande</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mande_languages" title="Eastern Mande languages">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bissa_language" title="Bissa language">Bissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busa_language_(Mande)" title="Busa language (Mande)">Busa</a>–<a href="/wiki/Boko_language" title="Boko language">Boko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samo_language_(Burkina)" title="Samo language (Burkina)">Samo (Burkina)</a> ?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanga_language" title="Shanga language">Shanga</a>–<a href="/wiki/Kyenga_language" title="Kyenga language">Tyenga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Mande_languages" title="Southern Mande languages">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dan_language" title="Dan language">Dan</a>–<a href="/wiki/Goo_language" title="Goo language">Goo</a>–<a href="/wiki/Tura_language" title="Tura language">Tura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gban_language" title="Gban language">Gban</a>–<a href="/wiki/Beng_language" title="Beng language">Beng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guro_language" title="Guro language">Guro</a>–<a href="/wiki/Yaure_language" title="Yaure language">Yaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mano_language" title="Mano language">Mano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwan_language" title="Mwan language">Mwa</a>–<a href="/wiki/Wan_language" title="Wan language">Wan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central West<br />(Manding–Kpelle)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jogo_languages" title="Jogo languages">Jogo</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Manding_languages" title="Manding languages">Manding</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mokole_languages" title="Mokole languages">Mokole</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Soso%E2%80%93Jalonke_languages" title="Soso–Jalonke languages">Soso–Jalonke (Susu–Yalunka)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Mande_languages" title="Southwestern Mande languages">Southwestern Mande</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vai%E2%80%93Kono_languages" title="Vai–Kono languages">Vai–Kono</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northwest<br />(Samogo–Soninke)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobo_language" title="Bobo language">Bobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jowulu_language" title="Jowulu language">Jowulu (Jɔ)</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Samogo_languages" title="Samogo languages">Samogo (partial: Duun–Sembla)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Soninke%E2%80%93Bozo_languages" title="Soninke–Bozo languages">Soninke–Bozo</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kordofanian_languages" title="Kordofanian languages">Kordofanian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Katloid_languages" title="Katloid languages">Katla</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lafofa_languages" title="Lafofa languages">Lafofa</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rashad_languages" title="Rashad languages">Rashad</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Talodi%E2%80%93Heiban_languages" title="Talodi–Heiban languages">Talodi–Heiban</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defaka_language" title="Defaka language">Defaka</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dogon_languages" title="Dogon languages">Dogon</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ijoid_languages" title="Ijoid languages">Ijoid</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangime_language" title="Bangime language">Bangime</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jalaa_language" title="Jalaa language">Jalaa</a></i> ?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Komta_language" title="Komta language">Komta</a></i> ?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laal_language" title="Laal language">Laal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unclassified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Degere" title="Degere">Degere</a> ?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dima-Bottego_language" title="Dima-Bottego language">Dima-Bottego</a></i> ?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Omaio_language" title="Omaio language">Omaio</a></i> ?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimba_language" title="Rimba language">Rimba</a> ?</li> <li>"<i><a href="/wiki/Serengeti-Dorobo_language" title="Serengeti-Dorobo language">Serengeti-Dorobo</a></i>" ?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wawu_language" title="Wawu language">Wawu</a></i> ?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proto-languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Niger%E2%80%93Congo_language" title="Proto-Niger–Congo language">Proto-Niger–Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Bantu_language" title="Proto-Bantu language">Proto-Bantu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Yoruboid_language" title="Proto-Yoruboid language">Proto-Yoruboid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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