CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Ubangian languages - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"8e7a5607-66dc-4efb-8b03-f85f3a5ac561","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Ubangian_languages","wgTitle":"Ubangian languages","wgCurRevisionId":1250049883,"wgRevisionId":1250049883,"wgArticleId":18801012,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Ubangian languages","Niger–Congo languages","Proposed language families","Unclassified languages of Africa"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Ubangian_languages","wgRelevantArticleId":18801012,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[], "wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q33932","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap", "ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Ubangian languages - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubangian_languages"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Ubangian_languages&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubangian_languages"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Ubangian_languages rootpage-Ubangian_languages skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ubangian+languages" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ubangian+languages" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ubangian+languages" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ubangian+languages" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-External_classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>External classification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internal_classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internal_classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Internal classification</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Internal_classification-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Internal classification subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Internal_classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Güldemann_(2018)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Güldemann_(2018)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Güldemann (2018)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Güldemann_(2018)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparative_vocabulary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparative_vocabulary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Comparative vocabulary</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Comparative_vocabulary-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Comparative vocabulary subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Comparative_vocabulary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Numerals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numerals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Numerals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numerals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ubangian languages</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezho%C3%B9_oubangek" title="Yezhoù oubangek – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezhoù oubangek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubangi_bala" title="Ubangi bala – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Ubangi bala" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubangische_Sprachen" title="Ubangische Sprachen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ubangische Sprachen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_Ubangui" title="Lenguas Ubangui – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguas Ubangui" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_oubanguiennes" title="Langues oubanguiennes – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langues oubanguiennes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_ubanguianas" title="Linguas ubanguianas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Linguas ubanguianas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EB%B0%A9%EA%B8%B0%EC%96%B4%EA%B5%B0" title="우방기어군 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="우방기어군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harsuna_Ubangian" title="Harsuna Ubangian – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Harsuna Ubangian" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uban%C5%A1ki_jezici" title="Ubanški jezici – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ubanški jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Ubangian" title="Asụsụ Ubangian – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Asụsụ Ubangian" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="უბანგიური ენები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უბანგიური ენები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_ubangi" title="Linguas ubangi – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Linguas ubangi" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengas_obanguianas" title="Lengas obanguianas – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lengas obanguianas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Убангийские языки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Убангийские языки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Убангійські мови – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Убангійські мови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_Ubangi" title="Nhóm ngôn ngữ Ubangi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhóm ngôn ngữ Ubangi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33932#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ubangian_languages" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Ubangian_languages" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ubangian_languages"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubangian_languages&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubangian_languages&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ubangian_languages"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubangian_languages&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubangian_languages&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Ubangian_languages" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Ubangian_languages" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubangian_languages&oldid=1250049883" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubangian_languages&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Ubangian_languages&id=1250049883&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUbangian_languages"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUbangian_languages"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ubangian_languages&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubangian_languages&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33932" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Language family mainly of the Central African Republic</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Ubang_language" title="Ubang language">Ubang language</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:22em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #ffddaa;">Ubangian</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Geographic<br />distribution</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Linguistic classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a>?<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Atlantic–Congo languages">Atlantic–Congo</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Volta%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Volta–Congo languages">Volta–Congo</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Savanna_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Savanna languages">Savanna</a>?<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><b>Ubangian</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subdivisions</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banda_languages" title="Banda languages">Banda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngbandi_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngbandi languages">Ngbandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zande_languages" title="Zande languages">Zande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sere_languages" title="Sere languages">Sere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngbaka_languages" title="Ngbaka languages">Ngbaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mba_languages" title="Mba languages">Mba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gbaya_languages" title="Gbaya languages">Gbaya</a>?</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #ffddaa;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><samp><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/uban1244">uban1244</a></code></samp>  <span class="nowrap">(Ubangian + Zande)</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Ubangian languages</b> form a diverse <a href="/wiki/Linkage_(linguistics)" title="Linkage (linguistics)">linkage</a> of some seventy languages centered on the <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>. They are the predominant languages of the CAR, spoken by 2–3 million people, including one of its official languages, <a href="/wiki/Sango_language" title="Sango language">Sango</a>. They are also spoken in <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Congo">Republic of Congo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_classification">External classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubangian_languages&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: External classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Greenberg" title="Joseph Greenberg">Joseph Greenberg</a> (1963) classified the then-little-known Ubangian languages as Niger–Congo and placed them within the <a href="/wiki/Adamawa_languages" title="Adamawa languages">Adamawa languages</a> as "Eastern Adamawa". They were soon removed to a separate branch of Niger–Congo, for example within Blench's <a href="/wiki/Savanna_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Savanna languages">Savanna languages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this has become increasingly uncertain, and Dimmendaal (2008) states that, based on the lack of convincing evidence for a Niger–Congo classification ever being produced, Ubangian "probably constitutes an independent language family that cannot or can no longer be shown to be related to Niger–Congo (or any other family)."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blench (2012) includes Ubangian within Niger–Congo.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Güldemann (2018) notes that although evidence for the inclusion of Ubangi within Niger-Congo is still weak, the same also applies to many other branches which are uncontested members of Niger-Congo.<sup id="cite_ref-Guldemann_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guldemann-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Internal_classification">Internal classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubangian_languages&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Internal classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boyd and Moñino (2010) removed the <a href="/wiki/Gbaya_languages" title="Gbaya languages">Gbaya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zande_languages" title="Zande languages">Zande</a> languages.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The half dozen remaining branches are coherent, but their interrelationships are not straightforward. Williamson & Blench (2000) propose the following arrangement: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><b>Ubangian</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banda_languages" title="Banda languages">Banda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngbandi_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngbandi languages">Ngbandi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sango_language" title="Sango language">Sango</a>, with 2 million speakers total, is Ngbandi-based)</li> <li>Sere–Mba <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sere_languages" title="Sere languages">Sere</a></li> <li>Ngbaka–Mba <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngbaka_languages" title="Ngbaka languages">Ngbaka</a> (note the principal Gbaya language is also called Ngbaka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mba_languages" title="Mba languages">Mba</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <p>In addition, there is the <a href="/wiki/Ngombe_language_(Central_African_Republic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngombe language (Central African Republic)">Ngombe language</a>, whose placement is uncertain due to a paucity of data. </p><p>Note: The ambiguous name <i>Ngbaka</i> is used for various languages in the area. Generally, singular <a href="/wiki/Ngbaka_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngbaka language">Ngbaka language</a> refers to one of the main <a href="/wiki/Gbaya_languages" title="Gbaya languages">Gbaya languages</a>, whereas plural <a href="/wiki/Ngbaka_languages" title="Ngbaka languages">Ngbaka languages</a> refers to a branch of Ubangian. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Güldemann_(2018)"><span id="G.C3.BCldemann_.282018.29"></span>Güldemann (2018)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubangian_languages&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Güldemann (2018)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Güldemann (2018) recognises seven coherent "genealogical units" within Ubangian, but is agnostic about their positions within Niger–Congo.<sup id="cite_ref-Guldemann_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guldemann-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gbaya_languages" title="Gbaya languages">Gbayaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zande_languages" title="Zande languages">Zandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mba_languages" title="Mba languages">Mbaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngbaka_languages" title="Ngbaka languages">Mundu-Baka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngbandi_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngbandi languages">Ngbandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_languages" title="Banda languages">Bandaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sere_languages" title="Sere languages">Ndogoic</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparative_vocabulary">Comparative vocabulary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubangian_languages&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Comparative vocabulary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sample basic vocabulary of Ubangian languages from Moñino (1988):<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Classification</th> <th>Language</th> <th>eye</th> <th>ear</th> <th>nose</th> <th>tooth</th> <th>tongue</th> <th>mouth</th> <th>blood</th> <th>bone</th> <th>water</th> <th>tree</th> <th>eat</th> <th>name </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #d1ebeb"><a href="/wiki/Gbaya_languages" title="Gbaya languages">Gbaya</a> </th> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb"><i>Proto-<a href="/wiki/Gbaya_languages" title="Gbaya languages">Gbaya</a></i> </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">*gbà.l̥í/l̥í </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">*zɛ̀rà </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">*zɔ̰̀p </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">*ɲín </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">*léɓé ~ lémbè </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">*nú </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">*tɔ̀k </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">*gbà̰là̰ </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">*l̥ì </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">*tè </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">*ɲɔŋ/l̥i </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">*l̥ín ~ l̥íŋ </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #d1ebeb">Gbaya </th> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Gbaya_language" title="Northwest Gbaya language">Gbaya Bodoe</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">gbà.yík/yík </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">zèr </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">zɔ̀k </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">ɲín </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">léɓé </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">nú </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">tɔ̀k </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">gbàɲà </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">yì </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">tè </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">ɲɔŋ/yi </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">ɲín </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #d1ebeb">Gbaya </th> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb"><a href="/wiki/Biyanda_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Biyanda language">Gbaya Biyanda</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">gbà.lí/lí </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">zàlà </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">zɔ̀ </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">yínì </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">lémbè </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">nú </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">tɔ̀k </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">gbàlà </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">lì </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">tè </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">yɔŋ </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">líŋ </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #d1ebeb">Gbaya </th> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb"><a href="/wiki/Gbeya_language" title="Gbeya language">Gbeya</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">gbà.rí/rí </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">zɛ̀rà </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">zɔ̰̀p ~ zɔ̰̀fɔ̰̀ </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">ɲín </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">lép ~ léfé </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">nú </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">tɔ̰̀k </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">gbà̰rà̰ </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">rì </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">tè </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">ɲɔŋ/ri </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">ɲín </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #d1ebeb">Gbaya </th> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb"><a href="/wiki/Manza_language" title="Manza language">Manza</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">l̥ī </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">zàrà </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">zɔ̰̀ </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">gòkò </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">lɛ̀fɛ̀ </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">nū </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">tɔ̀ </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">gbà̰l̥à̰ </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">l̥ì </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">tè </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">ɲɔŋɔ </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">l̥ī </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #d1ebeb">Gbaya </th> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb"><a href="/wiki/Gbaya-Mbodomo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gbaya-Mbodomo language">Mbodomo</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">lí </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">zàrà </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">zɔ̀p </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">ɲíní </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">lémbé </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">nú </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">ngíà </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">gbàlà </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">lì </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">tì </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">ɲɔŋ </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">líŋ </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #d1ebeb">Gbaya </th> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb"><a href="/wiki/Bangandu_language" title="Bangandu language">Bangando</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">gbà.lí/lí </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">jàlà </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">jɔ̀ </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">ɲíì </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">ɗàmbè </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">nú </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">mbɛ́ </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">gbàà </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">lì </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">tè </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">ɲɔŋgi/li </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">lí </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #d1ebeb">Gbaya </th> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb"><a href="/wiki/Bofi_language" title="Bofi language">Bofi</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">gbà.lī/lī </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">zàrà </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">zɔ̰̀ </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">? </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">lēmbé </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">nū </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">tɔ̀ʔɔ̀ </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">gbàlà </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">lì </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">tè </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">ɲɔŋ </td> <td style="background-color: #d1ebeb">líŋ </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #d6e1ec"><a href="/wiki/Ngbandi_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngbandi languages">Ngbandi</a> </th> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec"><a href="/wiki/Sango_language" title="Sango language">Sango</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">lɛ́ </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">mɛ́ </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">hɔ̰́ </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">pēmbē </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">mēngā </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">yángá </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">mɛ́nɛ̄ ~ ménē </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">bìō </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">ngú </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">kɛ̄kɛ̄ ~ kēkē </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">tɛ̀ </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">īrī </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #d6e1ec">Ngbandi </th> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec"><a href="/wiki/Yakoma_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakoma language">Yakoma</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">lɛ̄ </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">mɛ̄ </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">hɔ̰̄ </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">tɛ̰̄ </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">(lì.)mɛ̄ngá </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">ɲɔ̄, yāngā </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">mɛ́rɛ́ </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">bỳō </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">ngú </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">kɛ̄kɛ̄ </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">tɛ̀ </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">ʔīrī </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #d6e1ec">Ngbandi </th> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec"><a href="/wiki/Gbayi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gbayi language">Kpatiri</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">lá </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">mɛ́ </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">hɔ̄ </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">tɛ́ </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">mīngā.ɲɔ̄ </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">ɲɔ̄ </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">mɛ́lɛ̄ </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">bì </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">ngú </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">wì </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">tɛ̀ </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">īrī </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #e4e0f0"><a href="/wiki/Ngbaka_languages" title="Ngbaka languages">Baka</a> </th> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0"><a href="/wiki/Mbaka_language" title="Mbaka language">Ngbaka Mabo</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">zí.là/là </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">zḛ̀- </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">hṵ̄ </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">tḛ̄- </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">mīnī- </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">mò- </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">nzḛ̄- </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">kúà- </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">ngó </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">náā </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">hō̰ </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">ʔēlē- </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #e4e0f0">Baka </th> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0"><a href="/wiki/Monzombo_language" title="Monzombo language">Monzombo</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">là- </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">zḛ̀ </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">ɲō̰ </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">tḛ̄- </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">mī </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">mò- </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">nzḛ̄ </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">bēyè </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">ngó </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">ló </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">zō̰ </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">ʔē </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #e4e0f0">Baka </th> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0"><a href="/wiki/Gbanzili_language" title="Gbanzili language">Gbanzili</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">là/lí.là </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">zè </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">ʔō̰, ŋwū </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">tɛ́- ~ té- </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">mīlī ~ mēlē </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">mò- </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">nzɛ̄ </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">kúà- </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">ngó </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">ná </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">zɔ̄ </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">yēlē </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #e4e0f0">Baka </th> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0"><a href="/wiki/Baka_language" title="Baka language">Baka</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">là- </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">jɛ̀- </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">ɓàngà- </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">tɛ̄- </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">mī(l)- </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">mò- </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">njɛ̄, māndā </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">békè </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">ngō </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">lō </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">jō </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">ʔē- </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #e4e0f0">Baka </th> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0"><a href="/wiki/Mayogo_language" title="Mayogo language">Mayogo</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">jǐlà/bólà </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">-jɛ́ </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">(w)ó </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">-tɛ́ </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">-mí </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">-bú </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">ngɔ́tɛ́ </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">běkì </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">-ngú </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">ndùlá </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">-zō </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">-lé </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #e4e0f0">Baka </th> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnd%C3%BC_language" title="Mündü language">Mundu</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">jíà/rràgó </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">gó.jɛ̀ </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">gò </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">tɛ́ </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">mí </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">kɔ́.mò </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">ngɔ́tɛ́ </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">bíkì </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">ngú </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">rró </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">zózò </td> <td style="background-color: #e4e0f0">írí </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #ece0f0"><a href="/wiki/Mba_languages" title="Mba languages">Mba</a> </th> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0"><a href="/wiki/Ndunga_language" title="Ndunga language">Ndunga</a>-le </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">và-/bùlá- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">jɔ̀mbɔ́- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">mbētú- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">tɛ́- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">mí- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">mó- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">ɓíndá- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">ɓéɓé </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">ngó- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">gá- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">-zɔ́- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">ɗe- </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #ece0f0">Mba </th> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0"><a href="/wiki/Mba_language" title="Mba language">Mba</a>-ne </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">lá-/sí- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">jɔ̄mbɔ̄- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">hɔ̄mbɔ̀- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">tɛ́- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">mí- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">cé-, mbɔ̀cɔ̀- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">zí- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">ɓēɓē </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">ngó- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">gá- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">zɔ̄- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">ɗé- </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #ece0f0">Mba </th> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0"><a href="/wiki/Dongo_language" title="Dongo language">Dongo</a>-ko </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">lɔ̀-/sīē- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">gyê </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">ŋù- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">tɛ̀- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">lyò- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">mò- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">nzì- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">ɓèɓè </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">ngó- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">pá- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">zó- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">lì- </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #ece0f0">Mba </th> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0"><a href="/wiki/Ma_language" title="Ma language">Ama</a>-lo </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">-fá-/-kúmbú- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">-sí- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">-wá̰- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">-sɛ́- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">-mɛ́- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">-mú- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">-kúkú- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">ngátī- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">-ngù- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">-ngbúgà </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">sú- </td> <td style="background-color: #ece0f0">-lí- </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #f1dfe5"><a href="/wiki/Sere_languages" title="Sere languages">Sere</a> </th> <td style="background-color: #f1dfe5"><a href="/wiki/Sere_language" title="Sere language">Sere</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #f1dfe5">rɔ̄ </td> <td style="background-color: #f1dfe5">tè </td> <td style="background-color: #f1dfe5">hɔ̀ </td> <td style="background-color: #f1dfe5">tì </td> <td style="background-color: #f1dfe5">mɛ̀ </td> <td style="background-color: #f1dfe5">nzɛ̄ </td> <td style="background-color: #f1dfe5">zùmù </td> <td style="background-color: #f1dfe5">kpɔ̀kpɔ́ </td> <td style="background-color: #f1dfe5">ngɔ̄ </td> <td style="background-color: #f1dfe5">mú </td> <td style="background-color: #f1dfe5">zɔ̀ </td> <td style="background-color: #f1dfe5">mà </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #f1dfe5">Sere </th> <td style="background-color: #f1dfe5"><a href="/wiki/Belanda_Viri_language" title="Belanda Viri language">Bare</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #f1dfe5">vʌ̄.lō/tì.ló </td> <td style="background-color: #f1dfe5">sù </td> <td style="background-color: #f1dfe5">ŋò </td> <td style="background-color: #f1dfe5">vʌ̄.tì </td> <td style="background-color: #f1dfe5">mè </td> <td style="background-color: #f1dfe5">nzō </td> <td style="background-color: #f1dfe5">mvēlē </td> <td style="background-color: #f1dfe5">kʊ.ɓílì </td> <td style="background-color: #f1dfe5">ngō </td> <td style="background-color: #f1dfe5">ngʊ́ </td> <td style="background-color: #f1dfe5">zà </td> <td style="background-color: #f1dfe5">lè </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #f1e9df"><a href="/wiki/Banda_languages" title="Banda languages">Banda</a> </th> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df"><a href="/wiki/Central_Banda_language" title="Central Banda language">Lìndá</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">àlà/ēcī </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ə̄tū </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ngāwɨ̄ </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ə̄ʒī </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">tīmà </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">àmà </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ə̄njī </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">gbābī </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ə́ngú </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">āyɔ̄ </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">zɨ̄ </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ʔɨ̄rɨ̄ </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #f1e9df">Banda </th> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df"><a href="/wiki/Yangere_language" title="Yangere language">Yàngere</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">làlà/cīcī </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">tūtū </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">màwō </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">zīzī </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">tìmè </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">màmà </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">njīnjī </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">gbēbī </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ngúngú </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ndōjō (~ njōjō ?) </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">zē </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ʔērē </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #f1e9df">Banda </th> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df"><a href="/wiki/Central_Banda_language" title="Central Banda language">Ngàò</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">àlà/cícī </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ūtū </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">màwū, ūwū </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">īʒī </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">tīmà </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">àmà </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">īnjī </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">gbāgbī </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">úngú </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ōyō </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">zī </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ʔīrī </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #f1e9df">Banda </th> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df"><a href="/wiki/Central_Banda_language" title="Central Banda language">Vàrà</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">àlà/cácū </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ōtū </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ngāwū </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ēʒī </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">tīmà </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">àmà </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ə̄njī </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">gbābī </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ə́ngú </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">āyɔ̄ </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">zɨ̄ </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ʔārā </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #f1e9df">Banda </th> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df"><a href="/wiki/West_Banda_language" title="West Banda language">Wójò</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">àlà/cɛ́cū </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ūtū </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ṵ̄w̰ṵ̄ </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">kājī </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">tāmbī </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">àmà </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">(ʒ)īʒī </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">gbābī </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">úngú </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">(y)ōyō </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">zɨ </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ērē </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #f1e9df">Banda </th> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df"><a href="/wiki/West_Banda_language" title="West Banda language">Dákpá</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">àlà/cácū </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ōtū </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ə̄wū </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ə̄ʒī </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">tīmà </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">àmà </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ə̄ʒī </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">gbābī </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ə́ngú </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ndɔ̄gɔ̄rɔ̄ </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">zɨ̄ </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ʔīrē ~ ʔērē </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #f1e9df">Banda </th> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df"><a href="/wiki/South_Banda_language" title="South Banda language">Làngbàsi</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">làlà/cácù </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">tūtū </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">wūwū </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ʒīʒī </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">tīmà </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">màmà </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ʒīʒī </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">gbābī </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ngúngú </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">yōyō </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">zɨ </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ʔēʁə̄ </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #f1e9df">Banda </th> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df"><a href="/wiki/Mbandja_language" title="Mbandja language">Mbanza</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">célà/cúcū </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">tūtū </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">w̰ṵ̄w̰ṵ̄ </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">zīzī </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">tīmbī </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">màmà </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">zī </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">gbābī </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ə́ngú </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">yɔ̄yɔ̄ </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">zɨ ~ zi </td> <td style="background-color: #f1e9df">ʔēlē </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #d6e1ec"><a href="/wiki/Zande_languages" title="Zande languages">Zande</a> </th> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec"><a href="/wiki/Zande_language" title="Zande language">Zande</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">bā̹ngìrī/kpā̹kpū </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">tū̹ </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">ō </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">rīndē </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">mīrā </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">ngbā </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">kūrē </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">mēmē </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">ī̹mè/dí </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">ngūà </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">ri </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">rī̹mā ~ rū̹mā </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #d6e1ec">Zande </th> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec"><a href="/wiki/Nzakara_language" title="Nzakara language">Nzakara</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">bāngìlī </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">tū </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">ʔʊ̰̄ </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">līndī </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">mīnlā </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">ngbā </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">kʊ̄lɛ̄ </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">mɛ̄mɛ̄ </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">ndīgì </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">ngʊ̄nlà </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">lɪ </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">nlūmā </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #d6e1ec">Zande </th> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec"><a href="/wiki/Geme_language" title="Geme language">Geme</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">índīrī/kpūkpū </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">tū </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">hɔ̄ </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">līndī </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">māl.ngbā </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">ngbā </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">kūlē </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">mɛ̄mɛ̄ </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">díī </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">wīlì </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">li </td> <td style="background-color: #d6e1ec">lūmā </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numerals">Numerals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubangian_languages&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Numerals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Comparison of numerals in individual languages:<sup id="cite_ref-ChanNumeralsNC_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChanNumeralsNC-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Classification</th> <th>Language</th> <th>1</th> <th>2</th> <th>3</th> <th>4</th> <th>5</th> <th>6</th> <th>7</th> <th>8</th> <th>9</th> <th>10 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Banda</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:zmz" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:zmz">Mbanza (Mabandja)</a></td> <td>bale</td> <td>ɓìsi</td> <td>vɔtɑ</td> <td>vɑnɑ</td> <td>mindu</td> <td>ɡɑzɑlɑ</td> <td>ɡɑzɑlɑ mɑnɑ bɑle (6 + 1)</td> <td>nɡebeɗeɗe</td> <td>nɡebeɗeɗe mɑnɑ bɑle (8 + 1)</td> <td>ɓufu </td></tr> <tr> <td>Banda, Central Core, Banda-Bambari</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:liy" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:liy">Banda-Linda</a> (1)</td> <td>bale</td> <td>biʃi</td> <td>vɘta</td> <td>vana</td> <td>mīndū</td> <td>mīndū ama nɘ bale (5 + 1)̄</td> <td>mīndū ama nɘ bīʃi (5 + 2)</td> <td>mīndū ama nɘ vɘta (5 + 3)</td> <td>mīndū ama nɘ vana (5 + 4)</td> <td>moɾofo </td></tr> <tr> <td>Banda, Central Core, Banda-Bambari</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:liy" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:liy">Banda-Linda</a> (2)</td> <td>bɑ̀lē</td> <td>bīʃì</td> <td>və̀tɑ̀</td> <td>və̀nɑ̄</td> <td>mīndû</td> <td>mīndû ɑ̀ bɑ̀le (5 + 1)̄</td> <td>mīndû ɑ̀ bīʃì (5 + 2)</td> <td>mīndû ɑ̀ və̀tɑ̀ (5 + 3)</td> <td>mīndû ɑ̀ və̀nɑ̄ (5 + 4)</td> <td>mórófō </td></tr> <tr> <td>Banda, South Central</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:lnl" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:lnl">Ngbugu</a> (1)</td> <td>bàlē</td> <td>bīʃùwú ~ bīʃǔ</td> <td>vɔ̄tǎ</td> <td>vɔànə̄</td> <td>mīndúwù ~ mīndû</td> <td>mīndû ma.̀nə̄ bàlē ~ mīndû kàlá bàlē</td> <td>mīndû ma.̀nə̄ bīʃǔ ~ mīndû kàlá bīʃǔ</td> <td>mīndû ma.̀nə̄ vɔ̄tǎ ~ mīndû kàlá vɔ̄tǎ</td> <td>mīndû ma.̀nə̄ vɔànə̄ ~mīndû kàlá vɔànə̄</td> <td>lə́.kɔ̄nɔ́.ɡbá </td></tr> <tr> <td>Banda, South Central</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:lnl" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:lnl">Ngbugu</a> (2)</td> <td>bàlè</td> <td>bìʃùú</td> <td>vòtàá</td> <td>vwànɔ̄</td> <td>mìndúù</td> <td>mìndúù mànɜ̄ bàlè (5 + 1)̄</td> <td>mìndúù mànɜ̄ bìʃùú (5 + 2)</td> <td>mìndúù mànɜ̄ vòtàá (5 + 3)</td> <td>mìndúù mànɜ̄ vwànɔ̄ (5 + 4)</td> <td>lɜ̀konòɡ͡bè (lit: <i>all the fingers</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Banda, South Central</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:lna" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:lna">Langbasi (Langbashe)</a></td> <td>bɑ̀lē</td> <td>bīʃì</td> <td>vòtɑ̀</td> <td>vɔ̀ɑ̀nō</td> <td>mīndû</td> <td>mīndû mɑ̀nə̄ bɑ̀le (5 + 1)̄</td> <td>mīndû mɑ̀nə̄ bīʃì (5 + 2)</td> <td>mīndû mɑ̀nə̄ vòtɑ̀ (5 + 3)</td> <td>mīndû mɑ̀nə̄ vɔ̀ɑ̀nō (5 + 4)</td> <td>kpɔ́lɔ́ kɔ̄nɔ́ (litː ' two hands ') </td></tr> <tr> <td>Banda, West Central</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:bbp" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:bbp">Banda-Tangbago</a></td> <td>bɑ̀ɭē</td> <td>bīʃì</td> <td>vōtɑ̀</td> <td>vɑ̀nɑ̄</td> <td>mīndû</td> <td>mīndû ɑ̀mɑ̀ nə̀ bɑ̀ɭē (5 + 1)</td> <td>mīndû ɑ̀mɑ̀ nə̀ bīʃì (5 + 2)</td> <td>mīndû ɑ̀mɑ̀ nə̀ vōtɑ̀ (5 + 3)</td> <td>mīndû ɑ̀mɑ̀ nə̀ vɑ̀nɑ̄ (5 + 4)</td> <td>móɾófò </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gbaya-Manza-Ngbaka, Central</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:bdt" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:bdt">Bokoto</a></td> <td>n͡dáŋ</td> <td>bùwá</td> <td>tàɾ</td> <td>nã́ɾ</td> <td>mȭɾkȭ</td> <td>mȭɾkȭ zã́ŋã́ n͡dáŋ (5 + 1)</td> <td>mȭɾkȭ zã́ŋã́ bùwá (5 + 2)</td> <td>mȭɾkȭ zã́ŋã́ tàɾ (5 + 3)</td> <td>mȭɾkȭ zã́ŋã́ nã́ɾ (5 + 4)</td> <td>ɓùkɔ̀ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gbaya-Manza-Ngbaka, Central</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:gbp" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:gbp">Bossangoa Gbaya</a></td> <td>k͡pém</td> <td>ɾíːtò</td> <td>tàː</td> <td>nàː</td> <td>mɔ̃̀ːɾɔ̃̀</td> <td>ɗòŋ k͡pém (5 + 1)</td> <td>ɗòŋ ɾíːtò (5 + 2)</td> <td>nũ̀nã́ː (2 x 4) ?</td> <td>kùsì</td> <td>ɓú </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gbaya-Manza-Ngbaka, East</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:nga" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:nga">Ngabaka</a></td> <td>kpó</td> <td>bɔ̀à</td> <td>tàlɛ̀</td> <td>nālɛ̄</td> <td>mɔ̀lɔ̄</td> <td>ɡàzɛ̀lɛ̀</td> <td>ɡàzɛ̀lɛ̀-nɡɔ́-nɛ-kpó (6 + 1), sambo *</td> <td>nɡbɛ̀ɗɛ̀ɗɛ̀</td> <td>kùsì</td> <td>ɓū </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gbaya-Manza-Ngbaka, Northwest</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:gya" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:gya">Northwest Gbaya</a></td> <td>kpɔ́k</td> <td>yíítòó</td> <td>tààr</td> <td>náár</td> <td>mɔ̀ɔ̀rɔ́</td> <td>mɔ̀ɔ̀rɔ́-ɗòŋ-kpɔ́k (5 + 1)</td> <td>mɔ̀ɔ̀rɔ́-ɗòŋ-yíítòó (5 + 2)</td> <td>mɔ̀ɔ̀rɔ́-ɗòŋ-tààr (5 + 3)</td> <td>mɔ̀ɔ̀rɔ́-ɗòŋ-náár (5 + 4)</td> <td>ɓú </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ngbandi</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:ngb" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:ngb">Northern Ngbandi</a></td> <td>kɔi</td> <td>sɛ</td> <td>ta</td> <td>siɔ</td> <td>kɔ̃</td> <td>mana</td> <td>mbara mbara</td> <td>miambe</td> <td>ɡumbaya</td> <td>sui kɔi </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ngbandi</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:yky" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:yky">Yakoma</a></td> <td>òkɔ̀, ̀kɔ̀</td> <td>ǒsɛ̀, ̌sɛ̀</td> <td>òtá, ̀tá</td> <td>òsyɔ̄, ̀syɔ̄</td> <td>òkṵ̄, ̀kṵ̄</td> <td>òmɛ̀rɛ̄, ̀mɛ̀rɛ̄</td> <td>mbárámbárá</td> <td>myɔ̀mbè</td> <td>ɡūmbáyā</td> <td>bàlé.kɔ̀ {ten.one} </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka-Mba, Mba</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:doo" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:doo">Dongo</a></td> <td>ɓawɨ</td> <td>ɡ͡bwɔ̀</td> <td>àrà</td> <td>anà</td> <td>vʉwɛ̀</td> <td>kázyá</td> <td>zyálá</td> <td>nɡya-iɲo-ɡ͡bwɔ̀ (10 - 2) ?</td> <td>nɡya-iɲyo-ɓayi (10 - 1) ?</td> <td>ànɡ͡bà </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka-Mba, Mba</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:mfc" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:mfc">Mba</a></td> <td>úma</td> <td>ɓiné</td> <td>byala</td> <td>aⁿɡ͡bote</td> <td>ɓúma</td> <td>ɓúma tele (5 + 1)</td> <td>ɓúma te sené (5 + 2)</td> <td>ɓúma te ɓyala (5 + 3)</td> <td>ɓúma te aⁿɡ͡bote (5 + 4)</td> <td>abusa </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka, Eastern, Mayogo-Bangba</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:mdm" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:mdm">Mayogo</a></td> <td>ɓīnì</td> <td>ɓīsī</td> <td>ɓātā</td> <td>ɓāɗā</td> <td>búlúvūè</td> <td>māɗíà</td> <td>mānāníkà</td> <td>mādʒɛ́nà</td> <td>ōdúkpábīnì (10 - 1)  ??</td> <td>ndʒɛ̄kpà </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka, Eastern, Mundu</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:muh" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:muh">Mündü</a></td> <td>bìrì, bìrìnɡ͡bɵ</td> <td>ɓəsù</td> <td>bata</td> <td>bala</td> <td>ɓúruve</td> <td>màɗìyà</td> <td>lɵ̀rɵzi</td> <td>ɡ͡badzena</td> <td>menewá</td> <td>nzòkpa </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka, Western, Baka-Gundi</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:bkc" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:bkc">Baka</a></td> <td>kpóde</td> <td>bíde</td> <td>batà</td> <td>bàna</td> <td>θuwè</td> <td>θuwè tɛ kpóde (5+ 1)</td> <td>θuwè tɛ bíde (5+ 2)</td> <td>θuwè tɛ batà (5+ 3)</td> <td>θuwè tɛ bàna (5+ 4)</td> <td>kamo / θuwè tɛ θuwè (5+ 5) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka, Western, Baka-Gundi</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:bme" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:bme">Limassa</a></td> <td>kpóde</td> <td>bíde</td> <td>báíde</td> <td>bàna</td> <td>vue</td> <td>síta</td> <td>támbali</td> <td>séna</td> <td>vue lɛ bàna (5+ 4)</td> <td>kpa bo pɛ (lit. all/both hands of person) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka, Western, Bwaka</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:nbm" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:nbm">Ngabaka Ma'bo</a></td> <td>k͡páàá ~ k͡páàkɔ́</td> <td>ɓīsì</td> <td>ɓātà</td> <td>ɡ͡bīānā</td> <td>ʔèvè ~ vè</td> <td>sítà ~ sítā</td> <td>sílànā</td> <td>sɛ́nā</td> <td>vìíìnā (5+ 4)</td> <td>nzò k͡pā̰ (litː ' head / hand ') </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka, Western, Gbanzili</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:gbg" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:gbg">Gbanzili</a></td> <td>k͡pókà</td> <td>ɓīsì</td> <td>ɓɔ̄tà ~ ɓōātà</td> <td>ɓùānā ~ ɓɔ̄nā</td> <td>vūè</td> <td>sítà</td> <td>sélènā ~ sáɓá</td> <td>sánā</td> <td>vūè-nà-ɓùānā (5+ 4) / liɓòà *</td> <td>nzò k͡pā ~ ɡ͡bà </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka, Western, Monzombo</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:moj" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:moj">Monzombo</a></td> <td>k͡póì</td> <td>bīʃì</td> <td>bālà</td> <td>bàānā</td> <td>vūè</td> <td>ʃítà</td> <td>ʃíēnā</td> <td>sɛ́nā</td> <td>ʔi̋vúēnā</td> <td>nʒò k͡pā̰ (litː 'head of hand or arm') </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Sere, Sere-Bviri, Bai-Viri</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:bvi" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:bvi">Belanda Viri</a></td> <td>njẽe</td> <td>soó</td> <td>taú</td> <td>nãu</td> <td>vöö́</td> <td>vöö́-njoí-njẽe (5 + 1)</td> <td>vöö́-njoí-soó (5 + 2)</td> <td>vöö́-njoí-taú (5 + 3)</td> <td>vöö́-njoí-nãu (5 + 4)</td> <td>ɓï̃kürü </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Sere, Sere-Bviri, Ndogo-Sere</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:ndz" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:ndz">Ndogo</a></td> <td>ɡbaànjé</td> <td>só, sósò (used as an adjective)</td> <td>táʔò</td> <td>nàʔò</td> <td>vó</td> <td>vó-njeé-ɡbaànjé(5 + 1)</td> <td>vó-njeé-só (5 + 2)</td> <td>vó-njeé-táʔò (5 + 3)</td> <td>vó-njeé-nàʔò (5 + 4)</td> <td>muʔɓì (litː 'on hands ') </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zande, Zande-Nzakara</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:nzk" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:nzk">Nzakara</a> (1)</td> <td>kílī</td> <td>īyō</td> <td>ātā</td> <td>ālù</td> <td>ìsìbē</td> <td>ìsìbē-ālí-kílī (5 + 1)</td> <td>ìsìbē-ālí-īyō (5 + 2)</td> <td>ìsìbē-ālí-ātā (5 + 3)</td> <td>ìsìbē-ālí-ālù (5 + 4)</td> <td>ŋɡ͡bō </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zande, Zande-Nzakara</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:nzk" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:nzk">Nzakara</a> (2)</td> <td>kílī</td> <td>ījō</td> <td>ātā</td> <td>ālù</td> <td>ìsìbē</td> <td>ìsìbē-ālí-kílī (5 + 1)</td> <td>ìsìbē-ālí-ījō (5 + 2)</td> <td>ìsìbē-ālí-ātā (5 + 3)</td> <td>ìsìbē-ālí-ālù (5 + 4)</td> <td>ŋɡ͡bɔ̃̄ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zande, Zande-Nzakara</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:zne" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:zne">Zande</a></td> <td>sá</td> <td>úé</td> <td>bíátá</td> <td>bīànɡì ~ bīàmà (according to dialects)</td> <td>bīsùè</td> <td>bīsùè bàtì̧ sá (litː 'five save one')</td> <td>bīsùè bàtì̧ úé (litː 'five save two')</td> <td>bīsùè bàtì̧ bíátá (litː 'five save three')</td> <td>bīsùè bàtì̧ bīànɡì ('five save four')</td> <td>bàwē </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubangian_languages&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWilliamsonBlench2000" class="citation book cs1">Williamson, Kay; Blench, Roger (2000). "Niger–Congo". In Heine, Bernd; Nurse, Derek (eds.). <i>African languages: an introduction</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Niger%E2%80%93Congo&rft.btitle=African+languages%3A+an+introduction&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Williamson&rft.aufirst=Kay&rft.au=Blench%2C+Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbangian+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDimmendaal2008" class="citation journal cs1">Dimmendaal, Gerrit (2008). "Language Ecology and Linguistic Diversity on the African Continent". <i>Language and Linguistics Compass</i>. <b>2</b> (5): 841. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1749-818X.2008.00085.x">10.1111/j.1749-818X.2008.00085.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Language+and+Linguistics+Compass&rft.atitle=Language+Ecology+and+Linguistic+Diversity+on+the+African+Continent&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=841&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1749-818X.2008.00085.x&rft.aulast=Dimmendaal&rft.aufirst=Gerrit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbangian+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlench" class="citation web cs1">Blench, Roger. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/General/Niger-Congo%20an%20alternative%20view.pdf">"Niger-Congo: an alternative view"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Niger-Congo%3A+an+alternative+view&rft.aulast=Blench&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rogerblench.info%2FLanguage%2FNiger-Congo%2FGeneral%2FNiger-Congo%2520an%2520alternative%2520view.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbangian+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guldemann-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guldemann_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guldemann_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGüldemann2018" class="citation book cs1">Güldemann, Tom (2018). "Historical linguistics and genealogical language classification in Africa". In Güldemann, Tom (ed.). <i>The Languages and Linguistics of Africa</i>. The World of Linguistics series. Vol. 11. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 58–444. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110421668-002">10.1515/9783110421668-002</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-042606-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-042606-9"><bdi>978-3-11-042606-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:133888593">133888593</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Historical+linguistics+and+genealogical+language+classification+in+Africa&rft.btitle=The+Languages+and+Linguistics+of+Africa&rft.place=Berlin&rft.series=The+World+of+Linguistics+series&rft.pages=58-444&rft.pub=De+Gruyter+Mouton&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A133888593%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110421668-002&rft.isbn=978-3-11-042606-9&rft.aulast=G%C3%BCldemann&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbangian+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoñino2010" class="citation web cs1">Moñino, Yves (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140108030109/https://www.iaaw.hu-berlin.de/afrika/linguistik-und-sprachen/veranstaltungen/greenberg-workshop/the-position-of-gbaya-manza-ngbaka-group-among-the-niger-congo-languages">"The position of Gbaya-Manza-Ngbaka group among the Niger-Congo languages"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iaaw.hu-berlin.de/afrika/linguistik-und-sprachen/veranstaltungen/greenberg-workshop/the-position-of-gbaya-manza-ngbaka-group-among-the-niger-congo-languages">the original</a> on 2014-01-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+position+of+Gbaya-Manza-Ngbaka+group+among+the+Niger-Congo+languages&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Mo%C3%B1ino&rft.aufirst=Yves&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiaaw.hu-berlin.de%2Fafrika%2Flinguistik-und-sprachen%2Fveranstaltungen%2Fgreenberg-workshop%2Fthe-position-of-gbaya-manza-ngbaka-group-among-the-niger-congo-languages&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbangian+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoñino1988" class="citation book cs1">Moñino, Yves (1988). <i>Lexique comparatif des langues oubanguiennes</i>. Paris: Geuthner.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lexique+comparatif+des+langues+oubanguiennes&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Geuthner&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Mo%C3%B1ino&rft.aufirst=Yves&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbangian+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChanNumeralsNC-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ChanNumeralsNC_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChan2019" class="citation web cs1">Chan, Eugene (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/channumerals/Niger-Congo.htm">"The Niger-Congo Language Phylum"</a>. Numeral Systems of the World's Languages.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Niger-Congo+Language+Phylum&rft.pub=Numeral+Systems+of+the+World%27s+Languages&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flingweb.eva.mpg.de%2Fchannumerals%2FNiger-Congo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbangian+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ubangian_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ubangian_languages" title="Template:Ubangian languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ubangian_languages" title="Template talk:Ubangian languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ubangian_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ubangian languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ubangian_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ubangian languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gbaya_languages" title="Gbaya languages">Gbaya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangandu_language" title="Bangandu language">Bàngàndò</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biyanda_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Biyanda language">Ɓùlì, Ɓìyàndà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toongo_language" title="Toongo language">Tòòngò</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Gbaya_language" title="Northwest Gbaya language">Làì, Kàrà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bokoto_language" title="Bokoto language">Ɓòkòtò</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gbaya-Bozoum_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gbaya-Bozoum language">Ɓòzôm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gbaya-Bossangoa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gbaya-Bossangoa language">Gbɛ́yá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gbaya-Mbodomo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gbaya-Mbodomo language">Mbódɔ̀mɔ̀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bofi_language" title="Bofi language">Ɓòfì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_language" title="Ali language">ʔÀlī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngbaka_Manza_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngbaka Manza language">Ngbākā-Mānzā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manza_language" title="Manza language">Mānzā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngbaka_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngbaka language">Ngbàkà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gbanu_language" title="Gbanu language">Gbànù</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zande_languages" title="Zande languages">Zande</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barambu_language" title="Barambu language">Barambu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pambia_language" title="Pambia language">Pambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngala_of_Santandrea" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngala of Santandrea">Ngala of Santandrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geme_language" title="Geme language">Geme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nzakara_language" title="Nzakara language">Nzakara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zande_language" title="Zande language">Zande</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Banda_languages" title="Banda languages">Banda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Banda_language" title="Central Banda language">Central Banda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbandja_language" title="Mbandja language">Mbandja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono_language_(Congo)" title="Mono language (Congo)">Mono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngbundu_language" title="Ngbundu language">Ngbundu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Banda_language" title="South Banda language">South Banda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Banda_language" title="West Banda language">West Banda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangere_language" title="Yangere language">Yangere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sere_languages" title="Sere languages">Sere</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bai_language_(South_Sudan)" title="Bai language (South Sudan)">Bai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belanda_Viri_language" title="Belanda Viri language">Belanda Viri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feroge_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Feroge language">Feroge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indri_language" title="Indri language">Indri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangayat_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangayat language">Mangayat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndogo_language" title="Ndogo language">Ndogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sere_language" title="Sere language">Sere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagbu language">Tagbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togoyo_language" title="Togoyo language">Togoyo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ngbaka_languages" title="Ngbaka languages">Ngbaka</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangba_language" title="Bangba language">Bangba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baka_language" title="Baka language">Baka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gbanzili_language" title="Gbanzili language">Gbanzili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayogo_language" title="Mayogo language">Mayogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbaka_language" title="Mbaka language">Mbaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monzombo_language" title="Monzombo language">Monzombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnd%C3%BC_language" title="Mündü language">Mündü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngombe_language_(Central_African_Republic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngombe language (Central African Republic)">Ngombe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mba_languages" title="Mba languages">Mba</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dongo_language" title="Dongo language">Dongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_language" title="Ma language">Ma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mba_language" title="Mba language">Mba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndunga_language" title="Ndunga language">Ndunga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ngbandi_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngbandi languages">Ngbandi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngbandi_language" title="Ngbandi language">Ngbandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sango_language" title="Sango language">Sango</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Primary_language_families" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Language_families" title="Template:Language families"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Language_families" title="Template talk:Language families"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Language_families" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Language families"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Primary_language_families" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_language_families" title="List of language families">Primary language families</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Africa" title="Languages of Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoe%E2%80%93Kwadi_languages" title="Khoe–Kwadi languages">Khoe–Kwadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kx%CA%BCa_languages" title="Kxʼa languages">Kx'a</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharan_languages" title="Nilo-Saharan languages">Nilo-Saharan</a></b>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuu_languages" title="Tuu languages">Tuu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mande_languages" title="Mande languages">Mande</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songhay_languages" title="Songhay languages">Songhay</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijaw_languages" title="Ijaw languages">Ijaw</a>?</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ubangian</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadu_languages" title="Kadu languages">Kadu</a>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangime_language" title="Bangime language">Bangime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadza_language" title="Hadza language">Hadza</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jalaa_language" title="Jalaa language">Jalaa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandawe_language" title="Sandawe language">Sandawe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laal_language" title="Laal language">Laal</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabo_language" title="Shabo language">Shabo</a>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eurasia<br />(<a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Europe" title="Languages of Europe">Europe</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Asia" title="Languages of Asia">Asia</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_languages" title="Ainu languages">Ainu</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chukotko-Kamchatkan_languages" title="Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages">Chukotko-Kamchatkan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskaleut_languages" title="Eskaleut languages">Eskaleut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Andamanese_languages" title="Great Andamanese languages">Great Andamanese</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hmong%E2%80%93Mien_languages" title="Hmong–Mien languages">Hmong–Mien</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hurro-Urartian_languages" title="Hurro-Urartian languages">Hurro-Urartian</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonic_languages" title="Japonic languages">Japonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartvelian_languages" title="Kartvelian languages">Kartvelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreanic_languages" title="Koreanic languages">Koreanic</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai_languages" title="Kra–Dai languages">Kra–Dai</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolic_languages" title="Mongolic languages">Mongolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivkh_languages" title="Nivkh languages">Nivkh</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Caucasian_languages" title="Northeast Caucasian languages">Northeast Caucasian</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Caucasian_languages" title="Northwest Caucasian languages">Northwest Caucasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ongan_languages" title="Ongan languages">Ongan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungusic_languages" title="Tungusic languages">Tungusic</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tyrsenian_languages" title="Tyrsenian languages">Tyrsenian</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Uralic_languages" title="Uralic languages">Uralic</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeniseian_languages" title="Yeniseian languages">Yeniseian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukaghir_languages" title="Yukaghir languages">Yukaghir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digaro_languages" title="Digaro languages">Digaro</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrusish_languages" title="Hrusish languages">Hrusish</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kho-Bwa_languages" title="Kho-Bwa languages">Kho-Bwa</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mijiic_languages" title="Mijiic languages">Mijiic</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miju_languages" title="Miju languages">Miju</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siangic_languages" title="Siangic languages">Siangic</a>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burushaski" title="Burushaski">Burushaski</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elamite_language" title="Elamite language">Elamite</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hattic_language" title="Hattic language">Hattic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kenaboi_language" title="Kenaboi language">Kenaboi</a>?</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusunda_language" title="Kusunda language">Kusunda</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minoan_language" title="Minoan language">Minoan</a>?</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihali_language" title="Nihali language">Nihali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shompen_language" title="Shompen language">Shompen</a>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sumerian_language" title="Sumerian language">Sumerian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tambora_language" title="Tambora language">Tambora</a>?</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Papuan_languages" title="Papuan languages">New Guinea</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Oceania" title="Languages of Oceania">the Pacific</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arai%E2%80%93Samaia_languages" title="Arai–Samaia languages">Arai–Samaia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binanderean%E2%80%93Goilalan_languages" title="Binanderean–Goilalan languages">Binanderean–Goilalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_languages_(New_Guinea)" title="Border languages (New Guinea)">Border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulaka_River_languages" title="Bulaka River languages">Bulaka River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Solomon_languages" title="Central Solomon languages">Central Solomons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimbu%E2%80%93Wahgi_languages" title="Chimbu–Wahgi languages">Chimbu–Wahgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demta%E2%80%93Sentani_languages" title="Demta–Sentani languages">Demta–Sentani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doso%E2%80%93Turumsa_languages" title="Doso–Turumsa languages">Doso–Turumsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Geelvink_Bay_languages" title="East Geelvink Bay languages">East Geelvink Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_New_Britain_languages" title="East New Britain languages">East New Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Strickland_languages" title="East Strickland languages">East Strickland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleman_languages" title="Eleman languages">Eleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engan_languages" title="Engan languages">Engan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fas_languages" title="Fas languages">Fas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foja_Range_languages" title="Foja Range languages">Foja Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaure%E2%80%93Kosare_languages" title="Kaure–Kosare languages">Kaure–Kosare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiwaian_languages" title="Kiwaian languages">Kiwaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutubuan_languages" title="Kutubuan languages">Kutubuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakes_Plain_languages" title="Lakes Plain languages">Lakes Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Mamberamo_languages" title="Lower Mamberamo languages">Lower Mamberamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Sepik_languages" title="Lower Sepik languages">Lower Sepik</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Madang_languages" title="Madang languages">Madang</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mairasi_languages" title="Mairasi languages">Mairasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Bougainville_languages" title="North Bougainville languages">North Bougainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauwasi_languages" title="Pauwasi languages">Pauwasi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ramu_languages" title="Ramu languages">Ramu</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senagi_languages" title="Senagi languages">Senagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senu_River_languages" title="Senu River languages">Senu River</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sepik_languages" title="Sepik languages">Sepik</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skou_languages" title="Skou languages">Skou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bougainville_languages" title="South Bougainville languages">South Bougainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teberan_languages" title="Teberan languages">Teberan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Torricelli_languages" title="Torricelli languages">Torricelli</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Fly_languages" title="Trans-Fly languages">Trans-Fly</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Trans%E2%80%93New_Guinea_languages" title="Trans–New Guinea languages">Trans–New Guinea</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turama%E2%80%93Kikorian_languages" title="Turama–Kikorian languages">Turama–Kikorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Yuat_languages" title="Upper Yuat languages">Upper Yuat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Papuan_languages" title="West Papuan languages">West Papuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yam_languages" title="Yam languages">Yam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yawa_languages" title="Yawa languages">Yawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuat_languages" title="Yuat languages">Yuat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Papuan_languages" title="Northwest Papuan languages">Northwest Papuan</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papuan_Gulf_languages" title="Papuan Gulf languages">Papuan Gulf</a>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abinomn_language" title="Abinomn language">Abinomn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abun_language" title="Abun language">Abun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An%C3%AAm_language" title="Anêm language">Anêm</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ata_language" title="Ata language">Ata</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kol_language_(Papua_New_Guinea)" title="Kol language (Papua New Guinea)">Kol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuot_language" title="Kuot language">Kuot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maybrat_language" title="Maybrat language">Maybrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpur_language" title="Mpur language">Mpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawaia_language" title="Pawaia language">Pawaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porome_language" title="Porome language">Porome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulka_language" title="Sulka language">Sulka</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayap_language" title="Tayap language">Taiap</a>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tambora_language" title="Tambora language">Tambora</a>?</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiru_language" title="Wiru language">Wiru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_languages" title="Australian Aboriginal languages">Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macro-Gunwinyguan_languages" title="Macro-Gunwinyguan languages">Arnhem/Macro-Gunwinyguan</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunuban_languages" title="Bunuban languages">Bunuban</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Darwin_Region_languages" title="Darwin Region languages">Darwin Region</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Daly_languages" title="Eastern Daly languages">Eastern Daly</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Tasmanian_languages" title="Eastern Tasmanian languages">Eastern Tasmanian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garawan_languages" title="Garawan languages">Garawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwaidjan_languages" title="Iwaidjan languages">Iwaidjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarrakan_languages" title="Jarrakan languages">Jarrakan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marrku%E2%80%93Wurrugu_languages" title="Marrku–Wurrugu languages">Marrku–Wurrugu</a></i>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirndi_languages" title="Mirndi languages">Mirndi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Tasmanian_languages" title="Northern Tasmanian languages">Northern Tasmanian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Tasmanian_languages" title="Northeastern Tasmanian languages">Northeastern Tasmanian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyulnyulan_languages" title="Nyulnyulan languages">Nyulnyulan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Daly_languages" title="Southern Daly languages">Southern Daly</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangkic_languages" title="Tangkic languages">Tangkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagaydyic_languages" title="Wagaydyic languages">Wagaydyic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Daly_languages" title="Western Daly languages">Western Daly</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Western_Tasmanian_languages" title="Western Tasmanian languages">Western Tasmanian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worrorran_languages" title="Worrorran languages">Worrorran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardaman_language" title="Wardaman language">Yangmanic</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/Wagiman_language" title="Wagiman language">Wagiman</a>)?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Giimbiyu_language" title="Giimbiyu language">Giimbiyu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malak-Malak_language" title="Malak-Malak language">Malak-Malak</a> (Northern Daly?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiwi_language" title="Tiwi language">Tiwi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">North<br />America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Algic_languages" title="Algic languages">Algic</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alsea_language" title="Alsea language">Alsea</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caddoan_languages" title="Caddoan languages">Caddoan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chimakuan_languages" title="Chimakuan languages">Chimakuan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chinookan_languages" title="Chinookan languages">Chinookan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chumashan_languages" title="Chumashan languages">Chumashan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Comecrudan_languages" title="Comecrudan languages">Comecrudan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coosan_languages" title="Coosan languages">Coosan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskaleut_languages" title="Eskaleut languages">Eskaleut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquoian_languages" title="Iroquoian languages">Iroquoian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kalapuyan_languages" title="Kalapuyan languages">Kalapuyan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keres_language" title="Keres language">Keres</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maiduan_languages" title="Maiduan languages">Maiduan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskogean_languages" title="Muskogean languages">Muskogean</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Na-Dene_languages" title="Na-Dene languages">Na-Dene</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Palaihnihan_languages" title="Palaihnihan languages">Palaihnihan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plateau_Penutian_languages" title="Plateau Penutian languages">Plateau Penutian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomoan_languages" title="Pomoan languages">Pomoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salishan_languages" title="Salishan languages">Salishan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shastan_languages" title="Shastan languages">Shastan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siouan_languages" title="Siouan languages">Siouan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanoan_languages" title="Tanoan languages">Tanoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsimshianic_languages" title="Tsimshianic languages">Tsimshianic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utian_languages" title="Utian languages">Utian</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Uto-Aztecan_languages" title="Uto-Aztecan languages">Uto-Aztecan</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakashan_languages" title="Wakashan languages">Wakashan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wintuan_languages" title="Wintuan languages">Wintuan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yuki%E2%80%93Wappo_languages" title="Yuki–Wappo languages">Yukian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuman%E2%80%93Cochim%C3%AD_languages" title="Yuman–Cochimí languages">Yuman–Cochimí</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chimariko_language" title="Chimariko language">Chimariko</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Esselen_language" title="Esselen language">Esselen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haida_language" title="Haida language">Haida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karuk_language" title="Karuk language">Karuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutenai_language" title="Kutenai language">Kutenai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seri_language" title="Seri language">Seri</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siuslaw_language" title="Siuslaw language">Siuslaw</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Takelma_language" title="Takelma language">Takelma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Timucua_language" title="Timucua language">Timucua</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tonkawa_language" title="Tonkawa language">Tonkawa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Waikuri_language" title="Waikuri language">Waikuri</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washo_language" title="Washo language">Washo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yana_language" title="Yana language">Yana</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokuts_language" title="Yokuts language">Yokuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuchi_language" title="Yuchi language">Yuchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuni_language" title="Zuni language">Zuni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_languages" title="Mesoamerican languages">Mesoamerica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chibchan_languages" title="Chibchan languages">Chibchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jicaquean_languages" title="Jicaquean languages">Jicaquean</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lencan_languages" title="Lencan languages">Lencan</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mayan_languages" title="Mayan languages">Mayan</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misumalpan_languages" title="Misumalpan languages">Misumalpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixe%E2%80%93Zoque_languages" title="Mixe–Zoque languages">Mixe–Zoque</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oto-Manguean_languages" title="Oto-Manguean languages">Oto-Manguean</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tequistlatecan_languages" title="Tequistlatecan languages">Tequistlatecan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totonacan_languages" title="Totonacan languages">Totonacan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Uto-Aztecan_languages" title="Uto-Aztecan languages">Uto-Aztecan</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xincan_languages" title="Xincan languages">Xincan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cuitlatec_language" title="Cuitlatec language">Cuitlatec</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huave_language" title="Huave language">Huave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pur%C3%A9pecha_language" title="Purépecha language">Tarascan/Purépecha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">South<br />America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andoque%E2%80%93Urequena_languages" title="Andoque–Urequena languages">Andoque–Urequena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arawan_languages" title="Arawan languages">Arauan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Araucanian_languages" title="Araucanian languages">Araucanian</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arawakan_languages" title="Arawakan languages">Arawakan</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arutani%E2%80%93Sape_languages" title="Arutani–Sape languages">Arutani–Sape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aymaran_languages" title="Aymaran languages">Aymaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbacoan_languages" title="Barbacoan languages">Barbacoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boran_languages" title="Boran languages">Boran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahuapanan_languages" title="Cahuapanan languages">Cahuapanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cariban_languages" title="Cariban languages">Cariban</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Catacaoan_languages" title="Catacaoan languages">Catacaoan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapacuran_languages" title="Chapacuran languages">Chapacuran</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charruan_languages" title="Charruan languages">Charruan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chibchan_languages" title="Chibchan languages">Chibchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choco_languages" title="Choco languages">Choco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chonan_languages" title="Chonan languages">Chonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaicuruan_languages" title="Guaicuruan languages">Guaicuruan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guajiboan_languages" title="Guajiboan languages">Guajiboan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har%C3%A1kmbut%E2%80%93Katukinan_languages" title="Harákmbut–Katukinan languages">Harákmbut–Katukinan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jirajaran_languages" title="Jirajaran languages">Jirajaran</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicham_languages" title="Chicham languages">Jivaroan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katembri%E2%80%93Taruma_languages" title="Katembri–Taruma languages">Katembri–Taruma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mascoian_languages" title="Mascoian languages">Mascoian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matacoan_languages" title="Matacoan languages">Matacoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadahup_languages" title="Nadahup languages">Nadahup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nambikwaran_languages" title="Nambikwaran languages">Nambikwaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otom%C3%A1koan_languages" title="Otomákoan languages">Otomákoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pano-Tacanan_languages" title="Pano-Tacanan languages">Pano-Tacanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peba%E2%80%93Yaguan_languages" title="Peba–Yaguan languages">Peba–Yaguan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Quechuan_languages" title="Quechuan languages">Quechuan</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piaroa%E2%80%93Saliban_languages" title="Piaroa–Saliban languages">Piaroa–Saliban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticuna%E2%80%93Yuri_languages" title="Ticuna–Yuri languages">Ticuna–Yuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timotean_languages" title="Timotean languages">Timotean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiniguan_languages" title="Tiniguan languages">Tiniguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucanoan_languages" title="Tucanoan languages">Tucanoan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tupian_languages" title="Tupian languages">Tupian</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uru%E2%80%93Chipaya_languages" title="Uru–Chipaya languages">Uru–Chipaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witotoan_languages" title="Witotoan languages">Witotoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanomaman_languages" title="Yanomaman languages">Yanomaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamucoan_languages" title="Zamucoan languages">Zamucoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaparoan_languages" title="Zaparoan languages">Zaparoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bora%E2%80%93Witoto_languages" title="Bora–Witoto languages">Bora-Witoto</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimuan_languages" title="Chimuan languages">Chimuan</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esmeralda%E2%80%93Yaruroan_languages" title="Esmeralda–Yaruroan languages">Esmeralda–Yaruro</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibito%E2%80%93Cholon_languages" title="Hibito–Cholon languages">Hibito–Cholón</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lule%E2%80%93Vilela_languages" title="Lule–Vilela languages">Lule–Vilela</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macro-J%C3%AA_languages" title="Macro-Jê languages">Macro-Jê</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tequiraca%E2%80%93Canichana_languages" title="Tequiraca–Canichana languages">Tequiraca–Canichana</a>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Isolates <br />(extant in 2000)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aikan%C3%A3_language" title="Aikanã language">Aikanã</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alacalufan_languages" title="Alacalufan languages">Alacalufan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cams%C3%A1_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Camsá language">Camsá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candoshi-Shapra_language" title="Candoshi-Shapra language">Candoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimane_language" title="Chimane language">Chimane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiquitano_language" title="Chiquitano language">Chiquitano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cof%C3%A1n_language" title="Cofán language">Cofán</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulni%C3%B4_language" title="Fulniô language">Fulniô</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guat%C3%B3_language" title="Guató language">Guató</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hod%C3%AF_language" title="Hodï language">Hodï/Joti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irantxe_language" title="Irantxe language">Irantxe</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itonama_language" title="Itonama language">Itonama</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kunza_language" title="Kunza language">Kunza</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leco_language" title="Leco language">Leco</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maku_language_of_Auari" title="Maku language of Auari">Maku</a> (Maku-Auari/Jukude)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movima_language" title="Movima language">Movima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mura_language" title="Mura language">Mura-Pirahã</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukak_language" title="Nukak language">Nukak</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1ez_language" title="Páez language">Páez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puinave_language" title="Puinave language">Puinave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waorani_language" title="Waorani language">Huaorani/Waorani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumai_language" title="Trumai language">Trumai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urarina_language" title="Urarina language">Urarina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warao_language" title="Warao language">Warao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahgan_language" title="Yahgan language">Yamana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuracar%C3%A9_language" title="Yuracaré language">Yuracaré</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Sign<br />languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_sign-language_family" title="Arab sign-language family">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BANZSL" title="BANZSL">BANZSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Sign_Language" title="Chinese Sign Language">Chinese</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_Sign_Language_family" title="French Sign Language family">Francosign</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Sign_Language_family" title="German Sign Language family">Germanosign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_Sign_Language" title="Indo-Pakistani Sign Language">Indo-Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Sign_Language_family" title="Japanese Sign Language family">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Chiangmai%E2%80%93Bangkok_Sign_Language_family" title="Old Chiangmai–Bangkok Sign Language family">Original Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Sign_Language_family" title="Swedish Sign Language family">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_sign_languages" title="Tanzanian sign languages">Tanzanian</a>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>See <a href="/wiki/List_of_sign_languages" title="List of sign languages">list of sign languages</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constructed_language" title="Constructed language">Constructed languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">Creoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_isolate" title="Language isolate">Language isolates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_language" title="Mixed language">Mixed languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pidgin" title="Pidgin">Pidgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unclassified_language" title="Unclassified language">Unclassified languages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Families with question marks (?) are disputed or controversial.</li><li>Families in <i>italics</i> have no living members.</li><li>Families with more than 30 languages are in <b>bold</b>.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Niger–Congo_branches" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Niger%E2%80%93Congo_branches" title="Template:Niger–Congo branches"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Niger%E2%80%93Congo_branches" title="Template talk:Niger–Congo branches"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Niger%E2%80%93Congo_branches" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Niger–Congo branches"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Niger–Congo_branches" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a> branches</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Atlantic–Congo languages">Atlantic–Congo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Savannas_languages" title="Savannas languages">Savannas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adamawa_languages" title="Adamawa languages">Adamawa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bena%E2%80%93Mboi_languages" title="Bena–Mboi languages">Bena–Mboi</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bikwin%E2%80%93Jen_languages" title="Bikwin–Jen languages">Bikwin–Jen</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bua_languages" title="Bua languages">Bua</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_language" title="Day language">Day</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Fali_languages_(Cameroon)" title="Fali languages (Cameroon)">Fali</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kim_languages" title="Kim languages">Kim</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwah_language" title="Kwah language">Kwah (Baa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longuda_language" title="Longuda language">Longuda</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mbum_languages" title="Mbum languages">Mbum (Kebi–Benue)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mumuye_languages" title="Mumuye languages">Mumuye</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingwom_language" title="Nyingwom language">Nyingwom (Kam)</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Duru_languages" title="Duru languages">Samba–Duru</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tula%E2%80%93Waja_languages" title="Tula–Waja languages">Tula–Waja</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yendang_languages" title="Yendang languages">Yendang (Maya)</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gur_languages" title="Gur languages">Gur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gur_languages" title="Gur languages">Central Gur</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulango_languages" title="Kulango languages">Kulango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yobe_language" title="Yobe language">Miyobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samo_language_(Burkina)" title="Samo language (Burkina)">Samo (Burkina)</a> ?</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Senufo_languages" title="Senufo languages">Senufo</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiefo_language" title="Tiefo language">Tiefo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tusya_language" title="Tusya language">Tusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viemo_language" title="Viemo language">Viemo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ubangian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Banda_languages" title="Banda languages">Banda</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gbaya_languages" title="Gbaya languages">Gbaya</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mba_languages" title="Mba languages">Mba</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ngbaka_languages" title="Ngbaka languages">Ngbaka (Mundu–Baka)</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngbandi_language" title="Ngbandi language">Ngbandi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sere_languages" title="Sere languages">Sere (Ndogo)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zande_languages" title="Zande languages">Zande</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Volta%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Volta–Congo languages">Volta–Congo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Benue%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Benue–Congo languages">Benue–Congo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Platoid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jukunoid_languages" title="Jukunoid languages">Jukunoid</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kainji_languages" title="Kainji languages">Kainji</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Plateau_languages" title="Plateau languages">Plateau</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cross_River_languages" title="Cross River languages">Cross River</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Central_Delta_languages" title="Central Delta languages">Central Delta</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lower_Cross_River_languages" title="Lower Cross River languages">Lower Cross River</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ogoni_languages" title="Ogoni languages">Ogoni</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Upper_Cross_River_languages" title="Upper Cross River languages">Upper Cross River</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Bantoid_languages" title="Northern Bantoid languages">Northern Bantoid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Dakoid_languages" title="Dakoid languages">Dakoid</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mambiloid_languages" title="Mambiloid languages">Mambiloid</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikar_language" title="Tikar language">Tikar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Bantoid_languages" title="Southern Bantoid languages">Southern Bantoid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Beboid_languages" title="Beboid languages">Beboid</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bendi_languages" title="Bendi languages">Bendi</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ekoid_languages" title="Ekoid languages">Ekoid</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Grassfields_languages" title="Grassfields languages">Grassfields</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tivoid_languages" title="Tivoid languages">Tivoid</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Volta%E2%80%93Niger_languages" title="Volta–Niger languages">Volta–Niger</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akoko_language" title="Akoko language">Akoko</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Akpes_language" title="Akpes language">Akpes</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ayere%E2%80%93Ahan_languages" title="Ayere–Ahan languages">Ayere–Ahan</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Edoid_languages" title="Edoid languages">Edoid</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gbe_languages" title="Gbe languages">Gbe</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Idomoid_languages" title="Idomoid languages">Idomoid</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Igboid_languages" title="Igboid languages">Igboid</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nupoid_languages" title="Nupoid languages">Nupoid</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oko_language" title="Oko language">Oko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukaan_language" title="Ukaan language">Ukaan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yoruboid_languages" title="Yoruboid languages">Yoruboid</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Atlantic_languages" title="West Atlantic languages">West Atlantic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bak_languages" title="Bak languages">Bak</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bijago_language" title="Bijago language">Bijago</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gola_language" title="Gola language">Gola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limba_language" title="Limba language">Limba</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mel_languages" title="Mel languages">Mel</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalu_language" title="Nalu language">Nalu</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rio_Nunez_languages" title="Rio Nunez languages">Rio Nunez</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Senegambian_languages" title="Senegambian languages">Senegambian</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sua_language" title="Sua language">Sua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others (<a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dompo_language" title="Dompo language">Dompo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ega_language" title="Ega language">Ega</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kru_languages" title="Kru languages">Kru</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kwa_languages" title="Kwa languages">Kwa</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mangree_language" title="Mangree language">Mangree</a></i> ?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbre_language" title="Mbre language">Mbre</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mpra_language" title="Mpra language">Mpra</a></i> ?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siamou_language" title="Siamou language">Siamou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mande_languages" title="Mande languages">Mande</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mande_languages" title="Eastern Mande languages">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bissa_language" title="Bissa language">Bissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busa_language_(Mande)" title="Busa language (Mande)">Busa</a>–<a href="/wiki/Boko_language" title="Boko language">Boko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samo_language_(Burkina)" title="Samo language (Burkina)">Samo (Burkina)</a> ?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanga_language" title="Shanga language">Shanga</a>–<a href="/wiki/Kyenga_language" title="Kyenga language">Tyenga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Mande_languages" title="Southern Mande languages">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dan_language" title="Dan language">Dan</a>–<a href="/wiki/Goo_language" title="Goo language">Goo</a>–<a href="/wiki/Tura_language" title="Tura language">Tura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gban_language" title="Gban language">Gban</a>–<a href="/wiki/Beng_language" title="Beng language">Beng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guro_language" title="Guro language">Guro</a>–<a href="/wiki/Yaure_language" title="Yaure language">Yaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mano_language" title="Mano language">Mano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwan_language" title="Mwan language">Mwa</a>–<a href="/wiki/Wan_language" title="Wan language">Wan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central West<br />(Manding–Kpelle)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jogo_languages" title="Jogo languages">Jogo</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Manding_languages" title="Manding languages">Manding</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mokole_languages" title="Mokole languages">Mokole</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Soso%E2%80%93Jalonke_languages" title="Soso–Jalonke languages">Soso–Jalonke (Susu–Yalunka)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Mande_languages" title="Southwestern Mande languages">Southwestern Mande</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vai%E2%80%93Kono_languages" title="Vai–Kono languages">Vai–Kono</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northwest<br />(Samogo–Soninke)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobo_language" title="Bobo language">Bobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jowulu_language" title="Jowulu language">Jowulu (Jɔ)</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Samogo_languages" title="Samogo languages">Samogo (partial: Duun–Sembla)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Soninke%E2%80%93Bozo_languages" title="Soninke–Bozo languages">Soninke–Bozo</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kordofanian_languages" title="Kordofanian languages">Kordofanian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Katloid_languages" title="Katloid languages">Katla</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lafofa_languages" title="Lafofa languages">Lafofa</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rashad_languages" title="Rashad languages">Rashad</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Talodi%E2%80%93Heiban_languages" title="Talodi–Heiban languages">Talodi–Heiban</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defaka_language" title="Defaka language">Defaka</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dogon_languages" title="Dogon languages">Dogon</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ijoid_languages" title="Ijoid languages">Ijoid</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangime_language" title="Bangime language">Bangime</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jalaa_language" title="Jalaa language">Jalaa</a></i> ?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Komta_language" title="Komta language">Komta</a></i> ?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laal_language" title="Laal language">Laal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unclassified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Degere" title="Degere">Degere</a> ?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dima-Bottego_language" title="Dima-Bottego language">Dima-Bottego</a></i> ?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Omaio_language" title="Omaio language">Omaio</a></i> ?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimba_language" title="Rimba language">Rimba</a> ?</li> <li>"<i><a href="/wiki/Serengeti-Dorobo_language" title="Serengeti-Dorobo language">Serengeti-Dorobo</a></i>" ?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wawu_language" title="Wawu language">Wawu</a></i> ?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proto-languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Niger%E2%80%93Congo_language" title="Proto-Niger–Congo language">Proto-Niger–Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Bantu_language" title="Proto-Bantu language">Proto-Bantu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Yoruboid_language" title="Proto-Yoruboid language">Proto-Yoruboid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33932#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33932#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33932#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Ubangi-Sprachen"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4138931-1">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh00009947">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007291964105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027865916">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ubangian_languages&oldid=1250049883">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ubangian_languages&oldid=1250049883</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ubangian_languages" title="Category:Ubangian languages">Ubangian languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Category:Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Proposed_language_families" title="Category:Proposed language families">Proposed language families</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Unclassified_languages_of_Africa" title="Category:Unclassified languages of Africa">Unclassified languages of Africa</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 8 October 2024, at 06:09<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ubangian_languages&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-wdqp9","wgBackendResponseTime":139,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.493","walltime":"0.642","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2237,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":157530,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1847,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":58907,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 460.290 1 -total"," 22.52% 103.668 9 Template:Navbox"," 19.50% 89.740 3 Template:Cite_book"," 16.82% 77.420 1 Template:Ubangian_languages"," 16.45% 75.701 1 Template:Short_description"," 14.47% 66.597 1 Template:Infobox_language_family"," 13.07% 60.171 1 Template:Infobox"," 10.98% 50.543 2 Template:Pagetype"," 7.82% 35.980 1 Template:Language_families"," 6.78% 31.217 1 Template:Authority_control"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.261","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6167463,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-ckdzv","timestamp":"20241122160655","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Ubangian languages","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ubangian_languages","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q33932","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q33932","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2008-08-10T21:06:14Z","dateModified":"2024-10-08T06:09:10Z","headline":"language family of the Central African Republic"}</script> </body> </html>