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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Deities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Deities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Deities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Deities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chiminigagua_-_Supreme_Being" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chiminigagua_-_Supreme_Being"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Chiminigagua - Supreme Being</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chiminigagua_-_Supreme_Being-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chía_-_goddess_of_the_Moon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chía_-_goddess_of_the_Moon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Chía - goddess of the Moon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chía_-_goddess_of_the_Moon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sué_-_god_of_the_Sun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sué_-_god_of_the_Sun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Sué - god of the Sun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sué_-_god_of_the_Sun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bachué_-_mother_goddess" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bachué_-_mother_goddess"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Bachué - mother goddess</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bachué_-_mother_goddess-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bochica_-_messenger_god_of_civilization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bochica_-_messenger_god_of_civilization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Bochica - messenger god of civilization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bochica_-_messenger_god_of_civilization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Huitaca_-_rebelling_goddess_of_sexual_liberation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Huitaca_-_rebelling_goddess_of_sexual_liberation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Huitaca - rebelling goddess of sexual liberation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Huitaca_-_rebelling_goddess_of_sexual_liberation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chibchacum_-_god_of_rain_and_thunder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chibchacum_-_god_of_rain_and_thunder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Chibchacum - god of rain and thunder</span> </div> </a> <ul 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href="#Nencatacoa_-_god_of_arts_and_dance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Nencatacoa - god of arts and dance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nencatacoa_-_god_of_arts_and_dance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sites</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sites-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sites subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Temples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> 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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Muisca religion</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Muisca_raft_Legend_of_El_Dorado_Offerings_of_gold.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Muisca raft, most prominent piece of gold working by the Muisca" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Muisca_raft_Legend_of_El_Dorado_Offerings_of_gold.jpg/200px-Muisca_raft_Legend_of_El_Dorado_Offerings_of_gold.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Muisca_raft_Legend_of_El_Dorado_Offerings_of_gold.jpg/300px-Muisca_raft_Legend_of_El_Dorado_Offerings_of_gold.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Muisca_raft_Legend_of_El_Dorado_Offerings_of_gold.jpg/400px-Muisca_raft_Legend_of_El_Dorado_Offerings_of_gold.jpg 2x" data-file-width="584" data-file-height="438" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Muisca" title="Category:Muisca">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: #FFD500;"><a href="/wiki/Muisca" title="Muisca">Muisca culture</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b>Topics</b></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_agriculture" title="Muisca agriculture">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_architecture" title="Muisca architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_art" title="Muisca art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_astronomy" title="Muisca astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_calendar" title="Muisca calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_cuisine" title="Muisca cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_economy" title="Muisca economy">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chibcha_language" title="Chibcha language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_mummification" title="Muisca mummification">Mummies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_music" title="Muisca music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_mythology" title="Muisca mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_numerals" title="Muisca numerals">Numerals</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muisca_research_institutes" title="List of Muisca research institutes">Research</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muisca_museum_collections" title="List of Muisca museum collections">Collections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muisca_and_pre-Muisca_scholars" title="List of Muisca and pre-Muisca scholars">Scholars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muisca_and_pre-Muisca_sites" title="List of Muisca and pre-Muisca sites">Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_warfare" title="Muisca warfare">Warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Muisca_society" title="Women in Muisca society">Women</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b>Geography</b></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flora_and_fauna_named_after_the_Muisca" title="List of flora and fauna named after the Muisca">Flora and fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altiplano_Cundiboyacense" title="Altiplano Cundiboyacense">Altiplano</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1_savanna" title="Bogotá savanna">Bogotá savanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hills,_Bogot%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Hills, Bogotá">Eastern Hills</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenza_Valley" title="Tenza Valley">Tenza Valley</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><b>The Salt People</b></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nemoc%C3%B3n" title="Nemocón">Nemocón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zipaquir%C3%A1" title="Zipaquirá">Zipaquirá</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Main neighbours</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guane_people" title="Guane people">Guane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzo_people" title="Muzo people">Muzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panche_people" title="Panche people">Panche</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_the_Muisca" title="Template:History of the Muisca">History</a> and <a href="/wiki/Template:Timeline_of_inhabitation_of_the_Altiplano_Cundiboyacense" title="Template:Timeline of inhabitation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense">timeline</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_Confederation#Prehistory" title="Muisca Confederation">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herrera_Period" title="Herrera Period">Herrera Period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_Confederation" title="Muisca Confederation">Muisca Confederation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bacatá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunja" title="Tunja">Hunza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogamoso" title="Sogamoso">Suamox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duitama" title="Duitama">Tundama</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Muisca" title="Spanish conquest of the Muisca">Spanish conquest</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Jim%C3%A9nez_de_Quesada" title="Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada">Gonzalo</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_P%C3%A9rez_de_Quesada" title="Hernán Pérez de Quesada">Hernán</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_conquistadors_in_Colombia" title="List of conquistadors in Colombia">Others</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Muisca_sidebar" title="Template:Muisca sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Muisca_sidebar" title="Template talk:Muisca sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Muisca_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Muisca sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Muisca religion</b> describes the <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Muisca_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Muisca people">Muisca</a> who inhabited the central highlands of the <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombian</a> <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a> before the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Muisca" title="Spanish conquest of the Muisca">Spanish conquest of the Muisca</a>. The Muisca formed a <a href="/wiki/Muisca_Confederation" title="Muisca Confederation">confederation</a> of holy <a href="/wiki/Muisca_rulers" title="Muisca rulers">rulers</a> and had a variety of <a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">deities</a>, temples and rituals incorporated in their culture. Supreme being of the Muisca was <a href="/wiki/Chiminigagua" title="Chiminigagua">Chiminigagua</a> who created light and the Earth. He was not directly honoured, yet that was done through <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%ADa_(goddess)" title="Chía (goddess)">Chía</a>, goddess of the Moon, and her husband <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A9" title="Sué">Sué</a>, god of the Sun. The representation of the two main celestial bodies as husband and wife showed the complementary character of man and <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Muisca_society" title="Women in Muisca society">woman</a> and the sacred status of marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-Pueblos_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pueblos-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Muisca worshipped their gods at sacred sites, both natural, such as <a href="/wiki/Lake_Guatavita" title="Lake Guatavita">Lake Guatavita</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Siecha_Lakes" title="Siecha Lakes">Siecha Lakes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Tota" title="Lake Tota">Lake Tota</a> and constructed; the <a href="/wiki/Sun_Temple_(Sogamoso)" title="Sun Temple (Sogamoso)">Sun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moon_Temple_(Ch%C3%ADa)" title="Moon Temple (Chía)">Moon Temples</a> in respectively <a href="/wiki/Sogamoso" title="Sogamoso">Suamox</a> (the "Rome" or "Mecca" of the Muisca) and <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%ADa,_Cundinamarca" title="Chía, Cundinamarca">Chía</a>, City of the Moon. During these rituals the priests, <i>obgues</i>, performed sacrifices, sometimes <a href="/wiki/Human_sacrifice" title="Human sacrifice">human</a> in character. The last public religious ceremony of the Muisca was performed in <a href="/wiki/Ubaque" title="Ubaque">Ubaque</a> on December 27, 1563.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knowledge about the Muisca religion was brought to Europe by conquistador <a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Jim%C3%A9nez_de_Quesada" title="Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada">Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada</a> and soldier <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Castellanos" title="Juan de Castellanos">Juan de Castellanos</a> in the 16th century and by bishop <a href="/wiki/Lucas_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Piedrahita" title="Lucas Fernández de Piedrahita">Lucas Fernández de Piedrahita</a> and <a href="/wiki/Friar" title="Friar">friar</a> <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Sim%C3%B3n" title="Pedro Simón">Pedro Simón</a> in the 17th century. Modern <a href="/wiki/List_of_Muisca_scholars" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Muisca scholars">Muisca scholars</a> who wrote about the religion of the inhabitants of the <a href="/wiki/Altiplano_Cundiboyacense" title="Altiplano Cundiboyacense">Altiplano Cundiboyacense</a> are <a href="/wiki/Javier_Ocampo_L%C3%B3pez" title="Javier Ocampo López">Javier Ocampo López</a> and Eduard Londoño.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_practices">Religious practices</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_religion&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Religious practices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:481px;max-width:481px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Muisca_Bandeja_Yopo_-_Museo_del_Oro_-_Bogot%C3%A1.jpg/200px-Muisca_Bandeja_Yopo_-_Museo_del_Oro_-_Bogot%C3%A1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Muisca_Bandeja_Yopo_-_Museo_del_Oro_-_Bogot%C3%A1.jpg/300px-Muisca_Bandeja_Yopo_-_Museo_del_Oro_-_Bogot%C3%A1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Muisca_Bandeja_Yopo_-_Museo_del_Oro_-_Bogot%C3%A1.jpg/400px-Muisca_Bandeja_Yopo_-_Museo_del_Oro_-_Bogot%C3%A1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4569" data-file-height="2258" /></span></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Golden yopo plate</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:275px;max-width:275px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Muisca_Bandejas_Yopo_3_-_Museo_del_Oro_-_Bogot%C3%A1.jpg/273px-Muisca_Bandejas_Yopo_3_-_Museo_del_Oro_-_Bogot%C3%A1.jpg" decoding="async" width="273" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Muisca_Bandejas_Yopo_3_-_Museo_del_Oro_-_Bogot%C3%A1.jpg/410px-Muisca_Bandejas_Yopo_3_-_Museo_del_Oro_-_Bogot%C3%A1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Muisca_Bandejas_Yopo_3_-_Museo_del_Oro_-_Bogot%C3%A1.jpg/546px-Muisca_Bandejas_Yopo_3_-_Museo_del_Oro_-_Bogot%C3%A1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="1839" /></span></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">with inhalation tube</div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><b>Decorated golden plates</b> were used in the religious rituals to inhale crushed seeds of the <b>yopo</b> tree. The people used hollow tubes to inhale the psychoactive powder<br /><small><a href="/wiki/Gold_Museum,_Bogot%C3%A1" title="Gold Museum, Bogotá">Museo del Oro</a></small></div></div></div></div> <p>The Muisca were deeply religious people and their <a href="/wiki/Muisca_rulers" title="Muisca rulers">rulers</a> had a double role both as political and as religious leaders. The people fasted and also consumed <a href="/wiki/Coca" title="Coca">coca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anadenanthera_peregrina" title="Anadenanthera peregrina">yopo</a> with their rituals.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yopo was extracted from <i>Anadenanthera</i> trees, growing in the <a href="/wiki/Orinoqu%C3%ADa_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Orinoquía Region">Llanos Orientales</a>, to the east of the Muisca territories. The psychoactive seeds of the tree were <a href="/wiki/Muisca_economy#Trade" title="Muisca economy">traded</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Achagua_people" title="Achagua people">Achagua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guayupe_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Guayupe people">Guayupe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tegua_people" title="Tegua people">Tegua</a> and grinded and inhaled using a hollow bird bone or a spoon. The plates from which the yopo was inhaled were made of gold and <i><a href="/wiki/Tumbaga" title="Tumbaga">tumbaga</a></i> and well elaborated and decorated. Many of them have been found and are on display in the <a href="/wiki/Gold_Museum,_Bogot%C3%A1" title="Gold Museum, Bogotá">Museo del Oro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coca was used in rituals of predictions and to heal diseases. The coca was combined with <a href="/wiki/Lime_(material)" title="Lime (material)">cal</a> to increase the efficiency of the substance. The cal was saved in <i><a href="/wiki/Poporo" title="Poporo">poporos</a></i>, often made of gold or <i>tumbaga</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deities">Deities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_religion&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Deities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A variety of deities have been described by the <a href="/wiki/Chronicler" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronicler">chroniclers</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LunarEclipse20070303CRH.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/LunarEclipse20070303CRH.JPG/400px-LunarEclipse20070303CRH.JPG" decoding="async" width="400" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/LunarEclipse20070303CRH.JPG/600px-LunarEclipse20070303CRH.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/LunarEclipse20070303CRH.JPG/800px-LunarEclipse20070303CRH.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1081" data-file-height="927" /></a><figcaption><b>Chía</b> joined with her husband <b>Sué</b> during a lunar eclipse</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:399px;max-width:399px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:185px;max-width:185px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bachu%C3%A9,_diosa_generatriz_de_los_chibchas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bachu%C3%A9%2C_diosa_generatriz_de_los_chibchas.jpg/183px-Bachu%C3%A9%2C_diosa_generatriz_de_los_chibchas.jpg" decoding="async" width="183" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bachu%C3%A9%2C_diosa_generatriz_de_los_chibchas.jpg/275px-Bachu%C3%A9%2C_diosa_generatriz_de_los_chibchas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bachu%C3%A9%2C_diosa_generatriz_de_los_chibchas.jpg/366px-Bachu%C3%A9%2C_diosa_generatriz_de_los_chibchas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="678" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><b>Bachué</b></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:210px;max-width:210px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frederic_Edwin_Church_-_The_Falls_of_the_Tequendama_near_Bogota,_New_Granada_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Frederic_Edwin_Church_-_The_Falls_of_the_Tequendama_near_Bogota%2C_New_Granada_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/208px-Frederic_Edwin_Church_-_The_Falls_of_the_Tequendama_near_Bogota%2C_New_Granada_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="208" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Frederic_Edwin_Church_-_The_Falls_of_the_Tequendama_near_Bogota%2C_New_Granada_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/312px-Frederic_Edwin_Church_-_The_Falls_of_the_Tequendama_near_Bogota%2C_New_Granada_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Frederic_Edwin_Church_-_The_Falls_of_the_Tequendama_near_Bogota%2C_New_Granada_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/416px-Frederic_Edwin_Church_-_The_Falls_of_the_Tequendama_near_Bogota%2C_New_Granada_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2413" data-file-height="3001" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Tequendama Falls created by <b>Bochica</b></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chiminigagua_-_Supreme_Being"><a href="/wiki/Chiminigagua" title="Chiminigagua">Chiminigagua</a> - Supreme Being</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_religion&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Chiminigagua - Supreme Being"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chiminigagua was the creator god of the Muisca who made the light and the Earth. At the beginning of time it was all dark and Chiminigagua sent two large black birds into the skies. From their beaks the light was created and the cosmos illuminated.<sup id="cite_ref-Ocampo2007p218_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ocampo2007p218-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chía_-_goddess_of_the_Moon"><span id="Ch.C3.ADa_-_goddess_of_the_Moon"></span><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%ADa_(goddess)" title="Chía (goddess)">Chía</a> - goddess of the Moon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_religion&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Chía - goddess of the Moon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chía was the goddess of the Moon and one of the two gods through which Chiminigagua was honoured. She represented fertility of the Earth and of the people. Chía was married to Súe.<sup id="cite_ref-Ocampo2007p220_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ocampo2007p220-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sué_-_god_of_the_Sun"><span id="Su.C3.A9_-_god_of_the_Sun"></span><a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A9" title="Sué">Sué</a> - god of the Sun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_religion&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sué - god of the Sun"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Súe was the god of the Sun, important for the <a href="/wiki/Muisca_agriculture" title="Muisca agriculture">agriculture</a> of the Muisca. He and his wife Chía followed each other across the skies, forming the perfect couple in conjunction at New Moon and during <a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipse" title="Solar eclipse">solar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lunar_eclipse" title="Lunar eclipse">lunar eclipses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ocampo2007p220_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ocampo2007p220-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bachué_-_mother_goddess"><span id="Bachu.C3.A9_-_mother_goddess"></span><a href="/wiki/Bachu%C3%A9" title="Bachué">Bachué</a> - mother goddess</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_religion&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bachué - mother goddess"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ancestor of all the Muisca was Bachué, mother of humankind who emerged from Lake Iguague with a three-year-old boy in her arms. When the boy grew up, Bachué married her son and traveled around the Muisca territories. Everytime she was pregnant, she bore four to six children. The Muisca believed all the people could be traced back to Bachué. When her children got old, Bachué returned to Lake Iguague with her son and after a final speech they turned into two giant snakes who submerged in the water, making the site sacred for the Muisca.<sup id="cite_ref-Ocampo2007p220_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ocampo2007p220-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bochica_-_messenger_god_of_civilization"><a href="/wiki/Bochica" title="Bochica">Bochica</a> - messenger god of civilization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_religion&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bochica - messenger god of civilization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bochica was the messenger of Chiminigagua and holy teacher of the Muisca. He was an old bearded man sent from heaven to educate the people in weaving, mantle making, <a href="/wiki/Ceramic" title="Ceramic">ceramics</a> production and social, moral and political values. He settled in Suamox, where the people organized yearly religious festivities. In the religion of the Muisca, Bochica created the <a href="/wiki/Tequendama_Falls" title="Tequendama Falls">Tequendama Falls</a>, a waterfall west of southern capital <a href="/wiki/Bacat%C3%A1" title="Bacatá">Bacatá</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ocampo2007p221_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ocampo2007p221-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Huitaca_-_rebelling_goddess_of_sexual_liberation"><a href="/wiki/Huitaca_(goddess)" title="Huitaca (goddess)">Huitaca</a> - rebelling goddess of sexual liberation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_religion&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Huitaca - rebelling goddess of sexual liberation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Huitaca was the goddess of happiness, pleasure and sexual liberation who rebelled against Bochica. She used to be a beautiful woman teaching the people a long life full of arts and dances. When Bochica found out about her rebellion against his power, he turned Huitaca into a <a href="/wiki/Tyto_alba" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyto alba">white owl</a>, or alternatively, the moon.<sup id="cite_ref-Ocampo2007p221_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ocampo2007p221-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chibchacum_-_god_of_rain_and_thunder"><a href="/wiki/Chibchacum" title="Chibchacum">Chibchacum</a> - god of rain and thunder</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_religion&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Chibchacum - god of rain and thunder"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>God Chibchacum represented rain and thunder and protected the traders and the working people in general. He was the patron of Bacatá where the Muisca offered him gold. His revenge upon the people who disobeyed was flooding the <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1_savanna" title="Bogotá savanna">Bogotá savanna</a>. Bochica stepped in and ordered Chibchacum to carry the Earth on his shoulders, like <a href="/wiki/Atlas_(mythology)" title="Atlas (mythology)">Atlas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a>. Chibchacum was also the god of the numerous <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquakes</a> in the central Andes.<sup id="cite_ref-Ocampo2007p222_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ocampo2007p222-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:401px;max-width:401px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:210px;max-width:210px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Laguna_Guatavita_Yuri_Romero_Picon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Laguna_Guatavita_Yuri_Romero_Picon.jpg/208px-Laguna_Guatavita_Yuri_Romero_Picon.jpg" decoding="async" width="208" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Laguna_Guatavita_Yuri_Romero_Picon.jpg/312px-Laguna_Guatavita_Yuri_Romero_Picon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Laguna_Guatavita_Yuri_Romero_Picon.jpg/416px-Laguna_Guatavita_Yuri_Romero_Picon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><b>Cuchavira</b> at sacred Lake Guatavita</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:187px;max-width:187px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Malokas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Malokas.jpg/185px-Malokas.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Malokas.jpg/278px-Malokas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Malokas.jpg/370px-Malokas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><b>Nencatacoa</b> helped the Muisca to build their <i>bohíos</i> (houses)</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuchavira_-_god_of_the_rainbow"><a href="/wiki/Cuchavira" title="Cuchavira">Cuchavira</a> - god of the rainbow</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_religion&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Cuchavira - god of the rainbow"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The rainbow was represented by Cuchavira who was born when Bochica created the Tequendama Falls. He was honoured </p><p>with gold and other sacrifices.<sup id="cite_ref-Ocampo2007p222_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ocampo2007p222-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chaquén_-_god_of_sports_and_fertility"><span id="Chaqu.C3.A9n_-_god_of_sports_and_fertility"></span><a href="/wiki/Chaqu%C3%A9n" title="Chaquén">Chaquén</a> - god of sports and fertility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_religion&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Chaquén - god of sports and fertility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chaquén was the god of fertility of the Earth and sports. He trained the Muisca to prepare them for wars and the <a href="/wiki/Guecha_warrior" title="Guecha warrior">guecha warriors</a> and farmers honoured him to win battles and acquire good harvests. Sexual rituals where the people dressed up in coloured feathered costumes were guarded by Chaquén. He was also the creator of the Colombian national sport: <a href="/wiki/Tejo_(sport)" title="Tejo (sport)">tejo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ocampo2007p222_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ocampo2007p222-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nencatacoa_-_god_of_arts_and_dance"><a href="/wiki/Nencatacoa" title="Nencatacoa">Nencatacoa</a> - god of arts and dance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_religion&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Nencatacoa - god of arts and dance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nencatacoa was the Muisca god and protector of artists, painters, builders and drunkenness. The people in the Muisca territories worshipped him in large festivities where they got drunk of <i>chicha</i>. Nencatacoa was represented by a fox or bear, dressed in gold. He helped the Muisca build their <i>bohíos</i>, carrying the heavy wooden poles for the construction.<sup id="cite_ref-Ocampo2007p222_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ocampo2007p222-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sites">Sites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_religion&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:352px"><div style="position:relative;width:350px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Altiplano_Cundiboyacense_(subdivisions).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Muisca religion is located in the Altiplano Cundiboyacense"><img alt="Muisca religion is located in the Altiplano Cundiboyacense" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Altiplano_Cundiboyacense_%28subdivisions%29.png/350px-Altiplano_Cundiboyacense_%28subdivisions%29.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Altiplano_Cundiboyacense_%28subdivisions%29.png/525px-Altiplano_Cundiboyacense_%28subdivisions%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Altiplano_Cundiboyacense_%28subdivisions%29.png/700px-Altiplano_Cundiboyacense_%28subdivisions%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1740" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:60.034%;left:42%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="G"><img alt="G" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/8px-Cyan_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/12px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/16px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><span style="color:white">G</span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.202%;left:77.909%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="To"><img alt="To" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/8px-Cyan_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/12px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/16px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><span style="color:white">To</span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.413%;left:56.227%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="I"><img alt="I" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/8px-Cyan_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/12px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/16px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><span style="color:white">I</span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:50.573%;left:41.674%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Su"><img alt="Su" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/8px-Cyan_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/12px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/16px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><span style="color:white">Su</span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.568%;left:43.073%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="F"><img alt="F" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/8px-Cyan_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/12px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/16px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><span style="color:white">F</span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:69.8%;left:38.829%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Si"><img alt="Si" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/8px-Cyan_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/12px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/16px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><span style="color:white">Si</span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:73.192%;left:21.05%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="H"><img alt="H" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/8px-Cyan_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/12px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/16px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><span style="color:white">H</span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:81.941%;left:35.294%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="U"><img alt="U" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/8px-Cyan_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/12px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/16px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><span style="color:white">U</span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:78.534%;left:20.269%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Te"><img alt="Te" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/8px-Cyan_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/12px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/16px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><span style="color:white">Te</span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:26.417%;left:77.641%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="S"><img alt="S" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Yellow_pog.svg/8px-Yellow_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Yellow_pog.svg/12px-Yellow_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Yellow_pog.svg/16px-Yellow_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><span style="color:yellow">S</span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.287%;left:59.047%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="C"><img alt="C" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Yellow_pog.svg/8px-Yellow_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Yellow_pog.svg/12px-Yellow_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Yellow_pog.svg/16px-Yellow_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><span style="color:yellow">C</span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:29.272%;left:51.101%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="O"><img alt="O" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Yellow_pog.svg/8px-Yellow_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Yellow_pog.svg/12px-Yellow_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Yellow_pog.svg/16px-Yellow_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><span style="color:yellow">O</span></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Altiplano_Cundiboyacense_(subdivisions).png" title="File:Altiplano Cundiboyacense (subdivisions).png">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Sacred Muisca sites<br />G - <a href="/wiki/Lake_Guatavita" title="Lake Guatavita">Lake Guatavita</a><br />To - <a href="/wiki/Lake_Tota" title="Lake Tota">Lake Tota</a><br />Su - <a href="/wiki/Lake_Suesca" title="Lake Suesca">Lake Suesca</a><br />F - <a href="/wiki/Lake_F%C3%BAquene" title="Lake Fúquene">Lake Fúquene</a><br />I - <a href="/wiki/Lake_Iguaque" title="Lake Iguaque">Lake Iguaque</a><br />Si - <a href="/wiki/Siecha_Lakes" title="Siecha Lakes">Siecha Lakes</a><br />H - <a href="/wiki/Lake_Herrera" title="Lake Herrera">Lake Herrera</a><br />U - <a href="/wiki/Ubaque#Lake_Ubaque" title="Ubaque">Lake Ubaque</a><br />Te - <a href="/wiki/Tequendama_Falls" title="Tequendama Falls">Tequendama Falls</a><br />S - <a href="/wiki/Sun_Temple_(Sogamoso)" title="Sun Temple (Sogamoso)">Sun Temple</a><br />C - <a href="/wiki/Cojines_del_Zaque" title="Cojines del Zaque">Cojines del Zaque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goranchacha_Temple" title="Goranchacha Temple">Goranchacha Temple</a><br />O - <a href="/wiki/El_Infiernito" title="El Infiernito">Solar Observatory</a></div></div></div> <p>To honour the gods, the Muisca organised pilgrimages to their temples and other sacred sites. The pilgrimages were accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Muisca_music" title="Muisca music">music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muisca_music#Dance" title="Muisca music">dances</a> as well as (<a href="/wiki/Human_sacrifice" title="Human sacrifice">human</a>) <a href="/wiki/Sacrifice" title="Sacrifice">sacrifices</a>. The pilgrimages were led by a group of priests; <i>ogques</i> in their language <a href="/wiki/Chibcha_language" title="Chibcha language">Muysccubun</a>, the Spanish called them <i>jeques</i> or <i>xeques</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pueblos_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pueblos-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ocampo2007p226_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ocampo2007p226-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The priests were trained from childhood to become the religious leaders of the Muisca.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An important site for the pilgrimages of the Muisca were the <a href="/wiki/Cojines_del_Zaque" title="Cojines del Zaque">Cojines del Zaque</a>, located in the city of <a href="/wiki/Tunja" title="Tunja">Hunza</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Temples">Temples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_religion&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Temples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most important temples for the Muisca were the <a href="/wiki/Sun_Temple_(Sogamoso)" title="Sun Temple (Sogamoso)">Temple of the Sun</a> in sacred city of the Sun <a href="/wiki/Sogamoso" title="Sogamoso">Suamox</a> (Muysccubun: "Dwelling of the Sun") and the <a href="/wiki/Moon_Temple_(Ch%C3%ADa)" title="Moon Temple (Chía)">Temple of the Moon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%ADa,_Cundinamarca" title="Chía, Cundinamarca">Chía</a>, the town named after the Moon goddess. Here the people gathered to worship Sué and Chía.<sup id="cite_ref-Ocampo2007p226_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ocampo2007p226-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other main temples were built in <a href="/wiki/Guatavita" title="Guatavita">Guatavita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bacat%C3%A1" title="Bacatá">Bacatá</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guachet%C3%A1" title="Guachetá">Guachetá</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ocampo2013p16_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ocampo2013p16-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the temples, images of their gods, made of gold and silver, are said to have been created. The sight of these richly decorated yet fragile temples only strengthened the legend of <i><a href="/wiki/El_Dorado" title="El Dorado">El Dorado</a></i> that drew the Spanish conquerors inland from <a href="/wiki/Santa_Marta" title="Santa Marta">Santa Marta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both the Temple of the Moon in Chía and the Sun Temple in Sogamoso were destroyed. A reconstruction of the latter has been built in the <a href="/wiki/Archaeology_Museum,_Sogamoso" title="Archaeology Museum, Sogamoso">Archaeology Museum</a> in the City of the Sun. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sacred_sites">Sacred sites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_religion&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sacred sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Muisca territories there were a number of natural locations considered sacred, including lakes, rivers, forests and large rocks. People gathered here to perform rituals and sacrifices mostly with gold and emeralds. Important lakes were <a href="/wiki/Lake_Guatavita" title="Lake Guatavita">Lake Guatavita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Iguaque" title="Lake Iguaque">Lake Iguaque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_F%C3%BAquene" title="Lake Fúquene">Lake Fúquene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Tota" title="Lake Tota">Lake Tota</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Siecha_Lakes" title="Siecha Lakes">Siecha Lakes</a>, Lake Teusacá and <a href="/wiki/Ubaque#Lake_Ubaque" title="Ubaque">Lake Ubaque</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ocampo2007p226_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ocampo2007p226-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Templo_del_sol.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Temple of the Sun in Suamox"><img alt="Temple of the Sun in Suamox" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Templo_del_sol.jpg/300px-Templo_del_sol.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Templo_del_sol.jpg/451px-Templo_del_sol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Templo_del_sol.jpg/600px-Templo_del_sol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Temple of the Sun in Suamox</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cojines_del_Zaque._Vista_actual_(2015).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cojines del Zaque"><img alt="Cojines del Zaque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Cojines_del_Zaque._Vista_actual_%282015%29.JPG/300px-Cojines_del_Zaque._Vista_actual_%282015%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Cojines_del_Zaque._Vista_actual_%282015%29.JPG/451px-Cojines_del_Zaque._Vista_actual_%282015%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Cojines_del_Zaque._Vista_actual_%282015%29.JPG/600px-Cojines_del_Zaque._Vista_actual_%282015%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cojines del Zaque</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 86px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 84px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Salto_de_Tequendama_1.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tequendama Falls"><img alt="Tequendama Falls" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Salto_de_Tequendama_1.jpeg/126px-Salto_de_Tequendama_1.jpeg" decoding="async" width="84" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Salto_de_Tequendama_1.jpeg/190px-Salto_de_Tequendama_1.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Salto_de_Tequendama_1.jpeg/253px-Salto_de_Tequendama_1.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2322" data-file-height="4128" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tequendama Falls</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guatavita_desde_el_cielo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sacred Lake Guatavita"><img alt="Sacred Lake Guatavita" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Guatavita_desde_el_cielo.jpg/300px-Guatavita_desde_el_cielo.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Guatavita_desde_el_cielo.jpg/451px-Guatavita_desde_el_cielo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Guatavita_desde_el_cielo.jpg/601px-Guatavita_desde_el_cielo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3913" data-file-height="2933" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sacred_lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred lake">Sacred</a> <a href="/wiki/Lake_Guatavita" title="Lake Guatavita">Lake Guatavita</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 118px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 116px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panoramique_iguaque_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lake Iguaque"><img alt="Lake Iguaque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Panoramique_iguaque_2011.jpg/174px-Panoramique_iguaque_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Panoramique_iguaque_2011.jpg/261px-Panoramique_iguaque_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Panoramique_iguaque_2011.jpg/348px-Panoramique_iguaque_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3136" data-file-height="4054" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lake Iguaque</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tota_Lake_8.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Lake Tota"><img alt="Lake Tota" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Tota_Lake_8.JPG/300px-Tota_Lake_8.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Tota_Lake_8.JPG/451px-Tota_Lake_8.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Tota_Lake_8.JPG/600px-Tota_Lake_8.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lake Tota</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 250px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 248px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LAGUNADEFUQUENE.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Lake Fúquene"><img alt="Lake Fúquene" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/LAGUNADEFUQUENE.JPG/372px-LAGUNADEFUQUENE.JPG" decoding="async" width="248" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/LAGUNADEFUQUENE.JPG/558px-LAGUNADEFUQUENE.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/LAGUNADEFUQUENE.JPG 2x" data-file-width="743" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lake Fúquene</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 399.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 397.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lagunas_de_Siecha.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Siecha Lakes"><img alt="Siecha Lakes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Lagunas_de_Siecha.jpg/596px-Lagunas_de_Siecha.jpg" decoding="async" width="398" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Lagunas_de_Siecha.jpg/896px-Lagunas_de_Siecha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Lagunas_de_Siecha.jpg/1192px-Lagunas_de_Siecha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6864" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Siecha Lakes</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sacrifices">Sacrifices</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_religion&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sacrifices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muisca_Tunjo_Animal_-_Museo_del_Oro_-_Bogot%C3%A1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Muisca_Tunjo_Animal_-_Museo_del_Oro_-_Bogot%C3%A1.jpg/200px-Muisca_Tunjo_Animal_-_Museo_del_Oro_-_Bogot%C3%A1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Muisca_Tunjo_Animal_-_Museo_del_Oro_-_Bogot%C3%A1.jpg/300px-Muisca_Tunjo_Animal_-_Museo_del_Oro_-_Bogot%C3%A1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Muisca_Tunjo_Animal_-_Museo_del_Oro_-_Bogot%C3%A1.jpg/400px-Muisca_Tunjo_Animal_-_Museo_del_Oro_-_Bogot%C3%A1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2258" data-file-height="1917" /></a><figcaption>The Muisca offered <i><b>tunjos</b></i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arara_Caninde.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Arara_Caninde.jpg/200px-Arara_Caninde.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Arara_Caninde.jpg/300px-Arara_Caninde.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Arara_Caninde.jpg/400px-Arara_Caninde.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="2722" /></a><figcaption><b>Parrots</b> were considered to have a soul and sacrificed to the Muisca gods</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tunjo" title="Tunjo">Tunjo</a></div> <p>The Muisca offered various precious materials to their gods; <i><a href="/wiki/Tunjo" title="Tunjo">tunjos</a></i>, were small <a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">anthropomorph</a> or <a href="/wiki/Zoomorphism" title="Zoomorphism">zoomorph</a> offer figures made of <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tumbaga" title="Tumbaga">tumbaga</a> (an alloy of gold, <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a> and <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>). Many of the <i>tunjos</i> have been recovered from various sites and are displayed in the <a href="/wiki/Gold_Museum,_Bogot%C3%A1" title="Gold Museum, Bogotá">Museo del Oro</a>. Other offer pieces were <a href="/wiki/Emerald" title="Emerald">emeralds</a>, snails, cloths and <a href="/wiki/Muisca_cuisine" title="Muisca cuisine">food</a>. Also <a href="/wiki/Parrot" title="Parrot">parrots</a> and other colourful birds were used in the sacred rituals as they were considered having a soul.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_sacrifices">Human sacrifices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_religion&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Human sacrifices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Human sacrifices were not uncommon, although those were not practiced anymore when the Spanish conquistadores arrived. Only from verbal tradition we know the Muisca performed them. Jiménez de Quesada wrote that "only captured other tribes, such as the <a href="/wiki/Panche_people" title="Panche people">Panche</a> and others, were used for human sacrifices in the rare occasions where humans were offered", while <a href="/wiki/Lucas_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Piedrahita" title="Lucas Fernández de Piedrahita">Lucas Fernández de Piedrahita</a> described that "the best sacrifices to the gods were those of human blood".<sup id="cite_ref-Pueblos_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pueblos-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All the chroniclers agree that in ancient times families offered one boy to the priests who raised them as a holy person and at fifteen years (other sources say twelve)<sup id="cite_ref-Ocampo2013p16_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ocampo2013p16-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> these <i>moxas</i> were sacrificed. This was a great honour for the family and the victims. The sacrifices were performed by taking the heart out of the body or penetrate them with spears.<sup id="cite_ref-Pueblos_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pueblos-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the Cojines del Zaque the <i>moxas</i> were sacrificed to Sué, just after sunrise. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_religion&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Colombia" title="Portal:Colombia">Colombia portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/31px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/47px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_religion&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Pueblos-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pueblos_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pueblos_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pueblos_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pueblos_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pueblosoriginarios.com/sur/caribe/muisca/religion.html">Muisca religion</a> - Pueblos Originarios - accessed 04-05-2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Londoño, 2001, p.4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ocampo López, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Londoño, 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todacolombia.com/culturas-precolombinas-en-colombia/cultura-los-muiscas.html">Religious rituals of the Muisca</a> - accessed 04-05-2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.banrepcultural.org/museo-del-oro/salas-del-museo-en-bogota/cosmologia-y-simbolismo/las-plantas-del-conocimiento">The use of yopo and other plants in the religious rituals of the Muisca</a> - <a href="/wiki/Gold_Museum,_Bogot%C3%A1" title="Gold Museum, Bogotá">Museo del Oro</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ocampo2007p218-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ocampo2007p218_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ocampo López, 2007, Ch.V, p.218</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ocampo2007p220-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ocampo2007p220_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ocampo2007p220_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ocampo2007p220_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ocampo López, 2007, Ch.V, p.220</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ocampo2007p221-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ocampo2007p221_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ocampo2007p221_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ocampo López, 2007, Ch.V, p.221</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ocampo2007p222-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ocampo2007p222_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ocampo2007p222_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ocampo2007p222_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ocampo2007p222_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ocampo López, 2007, Ch.V, p.222</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ocampo2007p226-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ocampo2007p226_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ocampo2007p226_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ocampo2007p226_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ocampo López, 2007, Ch.V, p.226</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ocampo López, 2007, Ch.V, p.216</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historiacultural.com/2009/06/chibcha-muisca-ceramica-cultura-arte.html">Muisca priests were raised from childhood</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ocampo2013p16-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ocampo2013p16_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ocampo2013p16_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ocampo López, 2013, Ch.1, p.16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/musica/musabo/pag36-39.htm">Muisca religion - Chía and Zuhé</a> - <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_the_Republic_(Colombia)" title="Bank of the Republic (Colombia)">Banco de la República</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ocampo López, 2007, Ch.V, p.227</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_religion&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLondoño_Laverde2001" class="citation cs2">Londoño Laverde, Eduardo (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publicaciones.banrepcultural.org/index.php/bmo/article/view/4864/5110">"El proceso de Ubaque de 1563: la última ceremonia religiosa pública de los muiscas - The trial of Ubaque of 1563: the last public religious ceremony of the Muisca"</a>, <i>Boletín Museo del Oro</i>, <b>49</b>: 49–101<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-12-26</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bolet%C3%ADn+Museo+del+Oro&rft.atitle=El+proceso+de+Ubaque+de+1563%3A+la+%C3%BAltima+ceremonia+religiosa+p%C3%BAblica+de+los+muiscas+-+The+trial+of+Ubaque+of+1563%3A+the+last+public+religious+ceremony+of+the+Muisca&rft.volume=49&rft.pages=49-101&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Londo%C3%B1o+Laverde&rft.aufirst=Eduardo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublicaciones.banrepcultural.org%2Findex.php%2Fbmo%2Farticle%2Fview%2F4864%2F5110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuisca+religion" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOcampo_López2013" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Javier_Ocampo_L%C3%B3pez" title="Javier Ocampo López">Ocampo López</a>, Javier (2013), <i>Mitos y leyendas indígenas de Colombia - Indigenous myths and legends of Colombia</i> (in Spanish), Bogotá, Colombia: Plaza & Janes Editores Colombia S.A., pp. 1–219, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-958-14-1416-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-958-14-1416-1"><bdi>978-958-14-1416-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mitos+y+leyendas+ind%C3%ADgenas+de+Colombia+-+Indigenous+myths+and+legends+of+Colombia&rft.place=Bogot%C3%A1%2C+Colombia&rft.pages=1-219&rft.pub=Plaza+%26+Janes+Editores+Colombia+S.A.&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-958-14-1416-1&rft.aulast=Ocampo+L%C3%B3pez&rft.aufirst=Javier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuisca+religion" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOcampo_López2007" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Javier_Ocampo_L%C3%B3pez" title="Javier Ocampo López">Ocampo López</a>, Javier (2007), <i>Grandes culturas indígenas de América - Great indigenous cultures of the Americas</i> (in Spanish), Bogotá, Colombia: Plaza & Janes Editores Colombia S.A., pp. 1–238, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-958-14-0368-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-958-14-0368-4"><bdi>978-958-14-0368-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grandes+culturas+ind%C3%ADgenas+de+Am%C3%A9rica+-+Great+indigenous+cultures+of+the+Americas&rft.place=Bogot%C3%A1%2C+Colombia&rft.pages=1-238&rft.pub=Plaza+%26+Janes+Editores+Colombia+S.A.&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-958-14-0368-4&rft.aulast=Ocampo+L%C3%B3pez&rft.aufirst=Javier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuisca+religion" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_religion&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in English and Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4yN4gZsPVy8">Nicely animated video about the Muisca and their religious origin</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Colombia_topics" title="Template:Colombia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Colombia_topics" title="Template talk:Colombia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Colombia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Colombia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Colombia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a 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title="Granadine Confederation">Granadine Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Colombia" title="United States of Colombia">United States of Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Republic of Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Civil_War_of_1895" title="Colombian Civil War of 1895">Colombian Civil War of 1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Days%27_War" title="Thousand Days' War">Thousand Days' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_Panama_from_Colombia" title="Separation of Panama from Colombia">Separation of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93Peru_War" title="Colombia–Peru War">Colombia–Peru War (Leticia Incident)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia_during_World_War_II" title="Colombia during World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Violencia" title="La Violencia">La Violencia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(Colombia)" title="National Front (Colombia)">National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_conflict" title="Colombian conflict">Current internal armed conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_peace_process" title="Colombian peace process">Colombian peace process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Colombia" title="Geography of Colombia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_of_Colombia" title="Biodiversity of Colombia">Biodiversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Colombia" title="Fauna of Colombia">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Colombia" title="Flora of Colombia">Flora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Colombia" title="Climate of Colombia">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Colombia" title="Geology of Colombia">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountain_ranges_of_Colombia" title="Category:Mountain ranges of Colombia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_of_Colombia" title="Category:Islands of Colombia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Colombia" title="List of rivers of Colombia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valleys_and_Plateaus_of_Colombia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valleys and Plateaus of Colombia (page does not exist)">Valleys and Plateaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Colombia" title="List of national parks of Colombia">National parks <span style="font-size:85%;">(Protected Areas)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Colombia" title="List of cities and towns in Colombia">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_hazards_in_Colombia" title="Natural hazards in Colombia">Natural hazards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Colombia" title="Environmental issues in Colombia">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_invasive_species_in_Colombia" title="List of invasive species in Colombia">Invasive species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Colombia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Colombia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_regions_of_Colombia" title="Natural regions of Colombia">Natural regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_natural_region" title="Amazon natural region">Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_natural_region" title="Andean natural region">Andean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_natural_region" title="Caribbean natural region">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_region_of_Colombia" title="Insular region of Colombia">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orinoqu%C3%ADa_natural_region" title="Orinoquía natural region">Orinoquía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific/Choc%C3%B3_natural_region" title="Pacific/Chocó natural region">Pacific/Chocó</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Colombia" title="Administrative divisions of Colombia">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Colombia" title="Departments of Colombia">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Colombia" title="Municipalities of Colombia">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_areas_of_Colombia" title="Metropolitan areas of Colombia">Metropolitan areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Capital District</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Corregimientos_of_Colombia" title="Corregimientos of Colombia">Corregimientos</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_territory_(Colombia)" title="Indigenous territory (Colombia)">Indigenous territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Colombia" title="Politics of Colombia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Colombia" title="List of political parties in Colombia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Colombia" title="Elections in Colombia">Elections</a></li> <li>Ideologies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Colombia" title="Liberalism in Colombia">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Colombia" title="Conservatism in Colombia">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism_in_Colombia" title="Communism in Colombia">Communism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Colombia" title="Government of Colombia">Governance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Constitution_of_1991" title="Colombian Constitution of 1991">Constitution</a></li> <li>Control <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Auditor_General_of_Colombia" title="Office of the Auditor General of Colombia">Auditor General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Comptroller_General_of_Colombia" title="Office of the Comptroller General of Colombia">Comptroller General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Inspector_General_of_Colombia" title="Office of the Inspector General of Colombia">Inspector General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ombudsman%27s_Office_of_Colombia" title="Ombudsman's Office of Colombia">Ombudsman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Branch_of_Colombia" title="Executive Branch of Colombia">Executive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Colombia" title="Council of Ministers of Colombia">Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_entities_of_Colombia" title="Government entities of Colombia">Government agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Colombia" title="President of Colombia">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Colombia" title="Vice President of Colombia">Vice President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Colombia" title="Foreign relations of Colombia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Colombia" title="Judiciary of Colombia">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Colombia" title="Congress of Colombia">Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_of_Colombia" title="National Police of Colombia">Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_Forces_of_Colombia" title="Military Forces of Colombia">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Aerospace_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian Aerospace Force">Aerospace Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Army_of_Colombia" title="National Army of Colombia">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Navy" title="Colombian Navy">Navy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Colombia" title="Economy of Colombia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Banking in Colombia">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_the_Republic_(Colombia)" title="Bank of the Republic (Colombia)">Central bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Colombia" title="List of companies of Colombia">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Colombia" title="Economic history of Colombia">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Colombia" title="Agriculture in Colombia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Colombia" title="Industry of Colombia">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_industry_of_Colombia" title="Mineral industry of Colombia">Mineral industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_peso" title="Colombian peso">Peso <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia_Stock_Exchange" title="Colombia Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Colombia" title="Science and technology in Colombia">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Colombia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Colombia" title="Taxation in Colombia">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Colombia" title="Trade unions in Colombia">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Colombia" title="Tourism in Colombia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Colombia" title="Transport in Colombia">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Colombia" title="Category:Society of Colombia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Colombia" title="Abortion in Colombia">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombians" title="Colombians">Colombians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Colombians" title="List of Colombians">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Colombia" title="Demographics of Colombia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Colombia" title="Education in Colombia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Colombia" title="Languages of Colombia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Colombia" title="Religion in Colombia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_Colombia" title="Race and ethnicity in Colombia">Race and ethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Colombia" title="Health care in Colombia">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Colombia" title="Water supply and sanitation in Colombia">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Colombia" title="Women in Colombia">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Colombia" title="Culture of Colombia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_in_Colombia" title="List of archaeological sites in Colombia">Archaeological sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Colombia" title="Architecture of Colombia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_art" title="Colombian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Colombia" title="Cinema of Colombia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_gaming_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Video gaming in Colombia">Video gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_cuisine" title="Colombian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Colombia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Colombia">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival_in_Colombia" title="Carnival in Colombia">Carnivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Colombia" title="List of festivals in Colombia">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_folklore" title="Colombian folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_handicrafts" title="Colombian handicrafts">Handicrafts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_literature" title="Colombian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Colombia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_mythology" title="Muisca mythology">Muisca mythology</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Muisca religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Colombia" title="Music of Colombia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theater_of_Colombia" title="Theater of Colombia">Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Colombia" title="National symbols of Colombia">National symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Colombia" title="Coat of arms of Colombia">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Colombia" title="Flag of Colombia">Flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Colombia" title="Public holidays in Colombia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Colombia" title="Freedom of religion in Colombia">Freedom of religion in Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Colombia" title="Miss Colombia">Miss Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Colombia" title="Sport in Colombia">Sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Social_issues" class="mw-redirect" title="Social issues">Issues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Colombia" title="Human rights in Colombia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Colombia" title="Intersex rights in Colombia">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Colombia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Colombia" title="Immigration to Colombia">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_Colombia" title="Emigration from Colombia">Emigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Colombia" title="Poverty in Colombia">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Colombia" title="Smoking in Colombia">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Colombia" title="Crime in Colombia">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Colombia" title="Illegal drug trade in Colombia">Drug trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Colombia" title="Corruption in Colombia">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Colombia" title="Terrorism in Colombia">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_movements_in_Colombia" title="Guerrilla movements in Colombia">Guerrilla movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_paramilitarism_in_Colombia" title="Right-wing paramilitarism in Colombia">Right-wing paramilitarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia_in_popular_culture" title="Colombia in popular culture">Colombia in popular culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Colombia" title="Outline of Colombia">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Colombia-related_articles" title="Index of Colombia-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Colombia" title="Category:Colombia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Colombia" title="Portal:Colombia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pre-Columbian_civilizations_and_cultures" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FEEFD6;background: #FFDEAD"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pre-Columbian_era" title="Template:Pre-Columbian era"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pre-Columbian_era" title="Template talk:Pre-Columbian era"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pre-Columbian_era" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pre-Columbian era"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pre-Columbian_civilizations_and_cultures" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-Columbian civilizations and cultures</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6;width:10em">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Indians" title="Paleo-Indians">Paleo-Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Genetic history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Genetic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_the_Americas" title="Archaeology of the Americas">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pre-Columbian_cultures" title="List of pre-Columbian cultures">Cultures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous peoples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6;width:10em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_North_America" title="History of North America">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_periods_(North_America)" title="List of archaeological periods (North America)">Archaeological periods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adena_culture" title="Adena culture">Adena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancestral_Puebloans" title="Ancestral Puebloans">Ancestral Puebloans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anishinaabe" title="Anishinaabe">Anishinaabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caddoan_Mississippian_culture" title="Caddoan Mississippian culture">Caddoan Mississippian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichimeca" title="Chichimeca">Chichimeca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coles_Creek_culture" title="Coles Creek culture">Coles Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset_culture" title="Dorset culture">Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremont_culture" title="Fremont culture">Fremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glades_culture" title="Glades culture">Glades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohokam" title="Hohokam">Hohokam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopewell_tradition" title="Hopewell tradition">Hopewell tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marksville_culture" title="Marksville culture">Marksville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogollon_culture" title="Mogollon culture">Mogollon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshara_tradition" title="Oshara tradition">Oshara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patayan" title="Patayan">Patayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picosa_culture" title="Picosa culture">Picosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaquemine_culture" title="Plaquemine culture">Plaquemine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plum_Bayou_culture" title="Plum Bayou culture">Plum Bayou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_Point_culture" title="Poverty Point culture">Poverty Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinagua" title="Sinagua">Sinagua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Johns_culture" title="St. Johns culture">St. Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thule_people" title="Thule people">Thule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troyville_culture" title="Troyville culture">Troyville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weeden_Island_culture" title="Weeden Island culture">Weeden Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6;width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_chronology" title="Mesoamerican chronology">Mesoamerican chronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acolhua" title="Acolhua">Acolhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capacha" title="Capacha">Capacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcatzingo" title="Chalcatzingo">Chalcatzingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholula_(Mesoamerican_site)" title="Cholula (Mesoamerican site)">Cholula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chup%C3%ADcuaro" title="Chupícuaro">Chupícuaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Cocl%C3%A9" title="Gran Coclé">Coclé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuicuilco" title="Cuicuilco">Cuicuilco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diquis" title="Diquis">Diquis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epi-Olmec_culture" title="Epi-Olmec culture">Epi-Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huastec_civilization" title="Huastec civilization">Huastec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izapa" title="Izapa">Izapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezcala_culture" title="Mezcala culture">Mezcala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec" title="Mixtec">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nicoya" title="Kingdom of Nicoya">Nicoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmecs" title="Olmecs">Olmecs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipil_people" title="Pipil people">Pipil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pur%C3%A9pecha_Empire" title="Purépecha Empire">Purépecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quelepa" title="Quelepa">Quelepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Mexico_shaft_tomb_tradition" title="Western Mexico shaft tomb tradition">Shaft tomb tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teotihuacan" title="Teotihuacan">Teotihuacan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepanec" title="Tepanec">Tepanec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teuchitl%C3%A1n_culture" title="Teuchitlán culture">Teuchitlán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlatilco_culture" title="Tlatilco culture">Tlatilco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlaxcaltec" title="Tlaxcaltec">Tlaxcaltec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toltec" title="Toltec">Toltec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totonac" title="Totonac">Totonac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Veracruz_culture" title="Classic Veracruz culture">Veracruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veraguas_culture" title="Veraguas culture">Veraguas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xochipala" title="Xochipala">Xochipala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_civilization" title="Zapotec civilization">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6;width:10em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_America" title="History of South America">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andean_civilizations" title="Andean civilizations">Andean civilizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indigenous_peoples_of_South_America" title="List of Indigenous peoples of South America">Indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Cabraline_history_of_Brazil" title="Pre-Cabraline history of Brazil">Cultures of Pre-Cabraline Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_Bolivia" title="Pre-Columbian Bolivia">Cultures of Pre-Columbian Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehispanic_history_of_Chile" title="Prehispanic history of Chile">Cultures of Pre-Columbian Chile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_in_Chile" title="List of archaeological sites in Chile">Archaeological sites in Chile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_cultures_of_Colombia" title="Pre-Columbian cultures of Colombia">Cultures of Pre-Columbian Colombia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_in_Colombia" title="List of archaeological sites in Colombia">Archaeological sites in Colombia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_Ecuador" title="Pre-Columbian Ecuador">Cultures of Pre-Columbian Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodization_of_pre-Columbian_Peru" title="Periodization of pre-Columbian Peru">Cultural periods of Peru</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_in_Peru" title="List of archaeological sites in Peru">Archaeological sites in Peru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_period_in_Venezuela" title="Pre-Columbian period in Venezuela">Cultures of Pre-Columbian Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Abra" title="El Abra">El Abra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amotape_complex" title="Amotape complex">Amotape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arawak" title="Arawak">Arawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atacama_people" title="Atacama people">Atacameño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aymara_kingdoms" title="Aymara kingdoms">Aymara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calima_culture" title="Calima culture">Calima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%B1ari" title="Cañari">Cañaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capul%C3%AD_culture" title="Capulí culture">Capulí</a>/<a href="/wiki/Capul%C3%AD_culture#Nariño" title="Capulí culture">Nariño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caral%E2%80%93Supe_civilization" title="Caral–Supe civilization">Caral–Supe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casma%E2%80%93Sechin_culture" title="Casma–Sechin culture">Casma–Sechin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chachapoya_culture" title="Chachapoya culture">Chachapoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancay_culture" title="Chancay culture">Chancay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chango_people" title="Chango people">Chango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chav%C3%ADn_culture" title="Chavín culture">Chavín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimor" title="Chimor">Chimú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinchorro_culture" title="Chinchorro culture">Chinchorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiripa_culture" title="Chiripa culture">Chiripa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorrera_culture" title="Chorrera culture">Chorrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupisnique" title="Cupisnique">Cupisnique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaguita" title="Diaguita">Diaguita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Chaco_people" title="Gran Chaco people">Gran Chaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huetar_people" title="Huetar people">Huetar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalina_people" title="Kalina people">Kalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuhikugu" title="Kuhikugu">Kuhikugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumaco-La_Tolita_culture" title="Tumaco-La Tolita culture">La Tolita (Tumaco)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_culture_(archaeology)" title="Las Vegas culture (archaeology)">Las Vegas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauricocha_culture" title="Lauricocha culture">Lauricocha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanos_de_Moxos_(archaeology)" title="Llanos de Moxos (archaeology)">Llanos de Moxos (Bolivia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lima_culture" title="Lima culture">Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokono" title="Lokono">Lokono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupaca" title="Lupaca">Lupaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzia_Woman" title="Luzia Woman">Luzia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mante%C3%B1o-Huancavilca_culture" title="Manteño-Huancavilca culture">Manteño-Huancavilca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_history" title="Mapuche history">Mapuche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marajoara_culture" title="Marajoara culture">Marajoara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moche_culture" title="Moche culture">Moche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mollo_culture" title="Mollo culture">Mollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Verde" title="Monte Verde">Monte Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazca_culture" title="Nazca culture">Nazca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omagua_people" title="Omagua people">Omagua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paij%C3%A1n_culture" title="Paiján culture">Paiján</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piaroa_people" title="Piaroa people">Piaroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukara_culture" title="Pukara culture">Pucará</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pucar%C3%A1_de_Tilcara" title="Pucará de Tilcara">Pucará de Tilcara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebrada_de_Humahuaca" title="Quebrada de Humahuaca">Quebrada de Humahuaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimbaya" title="Quimbaya">Quimbaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saladoid" title="Saladoid">Saladoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Agust%C3%ADn_culture" title="San Agustín culture">San Agustín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuar" title="Shuar">Shuar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sican_culture" title="Sican culture">Sican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno" title="Taíno">Taíno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tairona" title="Tairona">Tairona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tierradentro" title="Tierradentro">Tierradentro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timoto%E2%80%93Cuica_people" title="Timoto–Cuica people">Timoto–Cuica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiwanaku_Empire" title="Tiwanaku Empire">Tiwanaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyop%C3%A1n" title="Toyopán">Toyopán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuncahu%C3%A1n" title="Tuncahuán">Tuncahuán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdivia_culture" title="Valdivia culture">Valdivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wankarani_culture" title="Wankarani culture">Wankarani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wari_culture" title="Wari culture">Wari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen%C3%BA" title="Zenú">Zenú</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #FEEFD6;padding:0; background:transparent;"><div><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="col" class="navbox-list navbox-even navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6;;background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"></th><th scope="col" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="background: #FEEFD6;"><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Empire" title="Aztec Empire">Aztec</a></th><th scope="col" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="background: #FEEFD6;"><a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya</a></th><th scope="col" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="background: #FEEFD6;"><a href="/wiki/Muisca_Confederation" title="Muisca Confederation">Muisca</a></th><th scope="col" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="background: #FEEFD6;"><a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca</a></th></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Capital</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Tenochtitlan" title="Tenochtitlan">Tenochtitlan</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Mayan_cities" title="Mayan cities">Multiple</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Tunja" title="Tunja">Hunza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bacat%C3%A1" title="Bacatá">Bacatá</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Cusco" title="Cusco">Cusco</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-even navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Language</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Nahuatl" title="Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Mayan_languages" title="Mayan languages">Mayan Languages</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Chibcha_language" title="Chibcha language">Muysc Cubun</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Quechuan_languages" title="Quechuan languages">Quechua</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Writing</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Aztec_script" title="Aztec script">Script</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Script</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Maya_numerals" title="Maya numerals">Numerals</a>)</td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca_numerals" title="Muisca numerals">Numerals</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Quipu" title="Quipu">Quipu</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-even navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Religion</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Aztec_religion" title="Aztec religion">Religion</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Human_sacrifice_in_Aztec_culture" title="Human sacrifice in Aztec culture">Human Sacrifice</a>)</td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Maya_religion" title="Maya religion">Religion</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Human_sacrifice_in_Maya_culture" title="Human sacrifice in Maya culture">Human Sacrifice</a>)</td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Religion</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Inca_Empire" title="Religion in the Inca Empire">Religion</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Mythology</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Aztec_mythology" title="Aztec mythology">Mythology</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Maya_mythology" title="Maya mythology">Mythology</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca_mythology" title="Muisca mythology">Mythology</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Inca_mythology" title="Inca mythology">Mythology</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-even navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Calendar</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Aztec_calendar" title="Aztec calendar">Calendar</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Maya_calendar" title="Maya calendar">Calendar</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Maya_astronomy" title="Maya astronomy">Astronomy</a>)</td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca_calendar" title="Muisca calendar">Calendar</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Muisca_astronomy" title="Muisca astronomy">Astronomy</a>)</td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_of_the_Incas" title="Mathematics of the Incas">Mathematics</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Society</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Aztec_society" title="Aztec society">Society</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Maya_society" title="Maya society">Society</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Trade_in_Maya_civilization" title="Trade in Maya civilization">Trade</a>)</td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca_economy" title="Muisca economy">Economy</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Inca_society" title="Inca society">Society</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-even navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Warfare</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Aztec_warfare" title="Aztec warfare">Warfare</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Maya_warfare" title="Maya warfare">Warfare</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca_warfare" title="Muisca warfare">Warfare</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Inca_army" title="Inca army">Army</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Women</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Aztec_civilization" title="Women in Aztec civilization">Women</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Maya_society" title="Women in Maya society">Women</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Muisca_society" title="Women in Muisca society">Women</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire#Gender_roles" title="Inca Empire">Gender Roles</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-even navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Architecture</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Aztec_architecture" title="Aztec architecture">Architecture</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Maya_architecture" title="Maya architecture">Architecture</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca_architecture" title="Muisca architecture">Architecture</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Inca_architecture" title="Inca architecture">Architecture</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Inca_road_system" title="Inca road system">Road System</a>)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Art</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Aztecs#Art_and_cultural_production" title="Aztecs">Art</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Maya_art" title="Ancient Maya art">Art</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca_art" title="Muisca art">Art</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire#Arts_and_technology" title="Inca Empire">Art</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-even navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Music</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Aztecs#Music_and_song" title="Aztecs">Music</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Maya_music" title="Maya music">Music</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca_music" title="Muisca music">Music</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Andean_music" title="Andean music">Andean Music</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Agriculture</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Chinampa" title="Chinampa">Chinampas</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Mesoamerica" title="Agriculture in Mesoamerica">Agriculture</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca_agriculture" title="Muisca agriculture">Agriculture</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Inca_agriculture" title="Inca agriculture">Agriculture</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-even navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Cuisine</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Aztec_cuisine" title="Aztec cuisine">Cuisine</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Maya_cuisine" title="Ancient Maya cuisine">Cuisine</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca_cuisine" title="Muisca cuisine">Cuisine</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Inca_cuisine" title="Inca cuisine">Cuisine</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> History</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Aztecs" title="History of the Aztecs">History</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Maya_civilization" title="History of the Maya civilization">History</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_the_Muisca" title="Template:History of the Muisca">History</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Incas" title="History of the Incas">Inca history</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Neo-Inca_State" title="Neo-Inca State">Neo-Inca State</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-even navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Peoples</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Aztecs" title="Aztecs">Aztecs</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Maya_peoples" title="Maya peoples">Mayans</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca" title="Muisca">Muisca</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Incas</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Notable Rulers</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Moctezuma_I" title="Moctezuma I">Moctezuma I</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Moctezuma_II" title="Moctezuma II">Moctezuma II</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Cuitl%C3%A1huac" title="Cuitláhuac">Cuitláhuac</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Cuauht%C3%A9moc" title="Cuauhtémoc">Cuauhtémoc</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCinich_Janaab%CA%BC_Pakal" title="Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal">Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Uaxaclajuun_Ub%CA%BCaah_K%CA%BCawiil" title="Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil">Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Jasaw_Chan_K%CA%BCawiil_I" title="Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil I">Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil I</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Nemequene" title="Nemequene">Nemequene</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Quemuenchatocha" title="Quemuenchatocha">Quemuenchatocha</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tisquesusa" title="Tisquesusa">Tisquesusa</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tundama" title="Tundama">Tundama</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Zoratama" title="Zoratama">Zoratama</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Manco_C%C3%A1pac" title="Manco Cápac">Manco Cápac</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Pachacuti" title="Pachacuti">Pachacuti</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Atahualpa" title="Atahualpa">Atahualpa</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Manco_Inca_Yupanqui" title="Manco Inca Yupanqui">Manco Inca Yupanqui</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BApac_Amaru" title="Túpac Amaru">Túpac Amaru</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-even navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Conquest</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Aztec_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire">Spanish Conquest</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Hernán Cortés">Hernán Cortés</a>)</td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Maya" title="Spanish conquest of the Maya">Spanish Conquest</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Spanish conquest of Yucatán">Spanish Conquest of Yucatán</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Montejo" title="Francisco de Montejo">Francisco de Montejo</a>) <br /><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Guatemala" title="Spanish conquest of Guatemala">Spanish Conquest of Guatemala</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Alvarado" title="Pedro de Alvarado">Pedro de Alvarado</a>)</td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Muisca" title="Spanish conquest of the Muisca">Spanish Conquest</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Jim%C3%A9nez_de_Quesada" title="Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada">Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada</a>)<br />(<a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_P%C3%A9rez_de_Quesada" title="Hernán Pérez de Quesada">Hernán Pérez de Quesada</a>)<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_conquistadors_in_Colombia" title="List of conquistadors in Colombia">List of Conquistadors</a>)</td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Inca_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire">Spanish Conquest</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Francisco_Pizarro" title="Francisco Pizarro">Francisco Pizarro</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #FEEFD6;"><div id="See_also"><b>See also</b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_sites_in_the_Americas" title="Category:Archaeological sites in the Americas">Category: Archaeological sites in the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mesoamerica" title="Portal:Mesoamerica">Portal:Mesoamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramics_of_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Ceramics of Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Ceramics of Indigenous peoples of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbian_exchange" title="Columbian exchange">Columbian exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous cuisine of the Americas">Indigenous cuisine of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_writing_systems" title="Mesoamerican writing systems">Mesoamerican writing systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painting_in_the_Americas_before_European_colonization" title="Painting in the Americas before European colonization">Painting in the Americas before European colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_history_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_art" title="Pre-Columbian art">Pre-Columbian art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #FEEFD6;"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Lascar_Avenue_of_the_Dead_and_the_Pyramid_of_the_Sun_in_the_background_%284566574277%29.jpg/32px-Lascar_Avenue_of_the_Dead_and_the_Pyramid_of_the_Sun_in_the_background_%284566574277%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Lascar_Avenue_of_the_Dead_and_the_Pyramid_of_the_Sun_in_the_background_%284566574277%29.jpg/48px-Lascar_Avenue_of_the_Dead_and_the_Pyramid_of_the_Sun_in_the_background_%284566574277%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Lascar_Avenue_of_the_Dead_and_the_Pyramid_of_the_Sun_in_the_background_%284566574277%29.jpg/64px-Lascar_Avenue_of_the_Dead_and_the_Pyramid_of_the_Sun_in_the_background_%284566574277%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Civilizations" title="Portal:Civilizations">Civilizations portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Muisca" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Muisca_navbox" title="Template:Muisca navbox"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Muisca_navbox" title="Template talk:Muisca navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Muisca_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Muisca navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Muisca" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Muisca" title="Muisca"><span style="color:black;background: white;">Muisca</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><div id="Topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_agriculture" title="Muisca agriculture">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_architecture" title="Muisca architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_art" title="Muisca art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_astronomy" title="Muisca astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_calendar" title="Muisca calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_cuisine" title="Muisca cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_economy" title="Muisca economy">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_mummification" title="Muisca mummification">Mummification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_music" title="Muisca music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chibcha_language" title="Chibcha language">Muysccubun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_mythology" title="Muisca mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_numerals" title="Muisca numerals">Numerals</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muisca_society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muisca society (page does not exist)"><span style="color:black;background: white;">Society</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muisca_toponyms" title="List of Muisca toponyms">Toponyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_warfare" title="Muisca warfare">Warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Muisca_society" title="Women in Muisca society">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%">Specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pasca" title="Battle of Pasca">Battle of Pasca (~1470)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chocont%C3%A1" title="Battle of Chocontá">Battle of Chocontá (~1490)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicha" title="Chicha">Chicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duit_language" title="Duit language">Duit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_emeralds" title="Colombian emeralds">Emeralds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_raft" title="Muisca raft">Muisca raft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruana" title="Ruana">Ruana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejo_(sport)" title="Tejo (sport)">Tejo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tunjo" title="Tunjo">Tunjo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoratama" title="Zoratama">Zoratama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muisca_economy#Mining" title="Muisca economy">The Salt People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zipaquir%C3%A1" title="Zipaquirá">Zipaquirá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemoc%C3%B3n" title="Nemocón">Nemocón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tausa" title="Tausa">Tausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesquil%C3%A9" title="Sesquilé">Sesquilé</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><div id="Geography_and_history" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Geography and history</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Altiplano_Cundiboyacense" title="Altiplano Cundiboyacense">Altiplano<br />Cundiboyacense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1_River" title="Bogotá River">Bogotá River</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Fr%C3%ADo,_Bogot%C3%A1_savanna" class="mw-redirect" title="Río Frío, Bogotá savanna">Frío</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fucha_River" title="Fucha River">Fucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Amarillo_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Amarillo River">Juan Amarillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soacha_River" title="Soacha River">Soacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teusac%C3%A1_River" title="Teusacá River">Teusacá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torca_River" title="Torca River">Torca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunjuelo_River" title="Tunjuelo River">Tunjuelo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1_savanna" title="Bogotá savanna">Bogotá savanna</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suba_Hills&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suba Hills (page does not exist)"><span style="color:black;background: white;">Suba Hills</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetlands_of_Bogot%C3%A1" title="Wetlands of Bogotá">Wetlands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hills,_Bogot%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Hills, Bogotá">Eastern Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flora_and_fauna_named_after_the_Muisca" title="List of flora and fauna named after the Muisca">Flora & fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A1rez_River" title="Suárez River">Suárez River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubat%C3%A9-Chiquinquir%C3%A1_Valley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ubaté-Chiquinquirá Valley (page does not exist)"><span style="color:black;background: white;">Ubaté-Chiquinquirá Valley</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%">Neighbouring areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ocet%C3%A1_P%C3%A1ramo" title="Ocetá Páramo">Ocetá Páramo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenza_Valley" title="Tenza Valley">Tenza Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:Timeline_of_inhabitation_of_the_Altiplano_Cundiboyacense" title="Template:Timeline of inhabitation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Muisca_Confederation#Prehistory" title="Muisca Confederation">Prehistory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<b><10,000 BP</b>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Humboldt,_Colombia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Humboldt, Colombia (page does not exist)"><span style="color:black;background: white;">Lake Humboldt</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Abra" title="El Abra">El Abra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibit%C3%B3" title="Tibitó">Tibitó</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sueva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sueva (page does not exist)"><span style="color:black;background: white;">Sueva</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tequendama" title="Tequendama">Tequendama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Andean_preceramic" title="Andean preceramic">Lithic</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<b>10,000 - 2800 BP</b>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piedras_del_Tunjo_Archaeological_Park" title="Piedras del Tunjo Archaeological Park">Piedras del Tunjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checua" title="Checua">Checua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galindo,_Colombia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galindo, Colombia (page does not exist)"><span style="color:black;background: white;">Galindo</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nemoc%C3%B3n_rock_shelter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nemocón rock shelter (page does not exist)"><span style="color:black;background: white;">Nemocón</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1chica_rock_shelter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sáchica rock shelter (page does not exist)"><span style="color:black;background: white;">Sáchica</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aguazuque" title="Aguazuque">Aguazuque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Herrera" title="Lake Herrera">Lake Herrera</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_Infiernito" title="El Infiernito">El Infiernito</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;">Ceramic <span style="font-size:85%;">(<b>>800 BC</b>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herrera_Period" title="Herrera Period">Herrera</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<b>800 BC - 800</b>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca" title="Muisca">Early Muisca</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<b>800 - 1200</b>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_Confederation" title="Muisca Confederation">Muisca Confederation</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<b>~1450 - 1540</b>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabildo_Mayor_del_Pueblo_Muisca" title="Cabildo Mayor del Pueblo Muisca">Cabildo Mayor</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<b>>2002</b>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><div id="Religion_and_mythology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Religion and mythology</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Muisca_deities" title="Category:Muisca deities">Deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiminigagua" title="Chiminigagua">Chiminigagua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachu%C3%A9" title="Bachué">Bachué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%ADa_(goddess)" title="Chía (goddess)">Chía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A9" title="Sué">Sué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bochica" title="Bochica">Bochica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huitaca_(goddess)" title="Huitaca (goddess)">Huitaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chibchacum" title="Chibchacum">Chibchacum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuchavira" title="Cuchavira">Cuchavira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nencatacoa" title="Nencatacoa">Nencatacoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaqu%C3%A9n" title="Chaquén">Chaquén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chibafruime" title="Chibafruime">Chibafruime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guahaioque" title="Guahaioque">Guahaioque</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/El_Dorado" title="El Dorado"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Muisca_raft_-_detail_-_Museo_del_Oro%2C_Bogot%C3%A1.jpg/230px-Muisca_raft_-_detail_-_Museo_del_Oro%2C_Bogot%C3%A1.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Muisca_raft_-_detail_-_Museo_del_Oro%2C_Bogot%C3%A1.jpg/345px-Muisca_raft_-_detail_-_Museo_del_Oro%2C_Bogot%C3%A1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Muisca_raft_-_detail_-_Museo_del_Oro%2C_Bogot%C3%A1.jpg/460px-Muisca_raft_-_detail_-_Museo_del_Oro%2C_Bogot%C3%A1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muisca_and_pre-Muisca_sites" title="List of Muisca and pre-Muisca sites">Sacred sites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Muisca_architecture#Temples" title="Muisca architecture">Built</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Temple_(Sogamoso)" title="Sun Temple (Sogamoso)">Sun Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Temple_(Ch%C3%ADa)" title="Moon Temple (Chía)">Moon Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cojines_del_Zaque" title="Cojines del Zaque">Cojines del Zaque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goranchacha_Temple" title="Goranchacha Temple">Goranchacha Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunzah%C3%BAa_Well" title="Hunzahúa Well">Hunzahúa Well</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Sacred_sites">Natural</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_F%C3%BAquene" title="Lake Fúquene">Fúquene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Guasca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Guasca (page does not exist)"><span style="color:black;background: white;">Guasca</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Guatavita" title="Lake Guatavita">Guatavita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Iguaque" title="Lake Iguaque">Iguaque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siecha_Lakes" title="Siecha Lakes">Siecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Suesca" title="Lake Suesca">Suesca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tota" title="Lake Tota">Tota</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Ubaque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Ubaque (page does not exist)"><span style="color:black;background: white;">Ubaque</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tequendama_Falls" title="Tequendama Falls">Tequendama Falls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muisca_mythology" title="Muisca mythology">Mythology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;">Myths</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/El_Dorado" title="El Dorado">El Dorado</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_of_Lake_Tota" title="Monster of Lake Tota">Monster of Lake Tota</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;">Mythological figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goranchacha" title="Goranchacha">Goranchacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idacans%C3%A1s" title="Idacansás">Idacansás</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacanchique" title="Pacanchique">Pacanchique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomagata" title="Thomagata">Thomagata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><div id="Caciques_and_neighbours" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Caciques and neighbours</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muisca_Confederation#Hunza" title="Muisca Confederation">Northern <i>caciques</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><i><a href="/wiki/Zaque" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaque">zaque</a></i> of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunza,_Colombia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hunza, Colombia (page does not exist)"><span style="color:black;background: white;">Hunza</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunzah%C3%BAa" title="Hunzahúa">Hunzahúa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michu%C3%A1" title="Michuá">Michuá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quemuenchatocha" title="Quemuenchatocha">Quemuenchatocha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquiminzaque" title="Aquiminzaque">Aquiminzaque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><i><a href="/wiki/Iraca" title="Iraca">iraca</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Sogamoso" title="Sogamoso">Suamox</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nompanim" title="Nompanim">Nompanim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugamuxi" title="Sugamuxi">Sugamuxi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><i>cacique</i> of <a href="/wiki/Duitama" title="Duitama">Tundama </a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tundama" title="Tundama">Tundama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muisca_Confederation#Bacatá" title="Muisca Confederation">Southern <i>caciques</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><i><a href="/wiki/Zipa" class="mw-redirect" title="Zipa">zipa</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Bacat%C3%A1" title="Bacatá">Bacatá</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meicuchuca" title="Meicuchuca">Meicuchuca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saguamanchica" title="Saguamanchica">Saguamanchica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemequene" title="Nemequene">Nemequene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisquesusa" title="Tisquesusa">Tisquesusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagipa" title="Sagipa">Sagipa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><i>cacique</i> of <a href="/wiki/Turmequ%C3%A9" title="Turmequé">Turmequé</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Torres_y_Moyachoque" title="Diego de Torres y Moyachoque">Diego de Torres y Moyachoque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muisca_Confederation#Neighbouring_indigenous_groups" title="Muisca Confederation">Neighbours</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Chibcha_language" title="Chibcha language">Chibcha-speaking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U%27wa_people" title="U'wa people">U'wa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutagao_people" title="Sutagao people">Sutagao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guane_people" title="Guane people">Guane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lache_people" title="Lache people">Lache</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Arawakan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arawakan language">Arawak-speaking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achagua_people" title="Achagua people">Achagua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegua_people" title="Tegua people">Tegua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guayupe_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Guayupe people">Guayupe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Cariban_languages" title="Cariban languages">Cariban-speaking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panche_people" title="Panche people">Panche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzo_people" title="Muzo people">Muzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarigui_people" title="Yarigui people">Yarigui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><div id="Spanish_conquest" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Muisca" title="Spanish conquest of the Muisca">Spanish conquest</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Conquistadors" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_conquistadors_in_Colombia" title="List of conquistadors in Colombia">Conquistadors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;">Major</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Jim%C3%A9nez_de_Quesada" title="Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada">Gonzalo de Quesada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_P%C3%A9rez_de_Quesada" title="Hernán Pérez de Quesada">Hernán de Quesada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltasar_Maldonado" title="Baltasar Maldonado">Baltasar Maldonado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Su%C3%A1rez_Rend%C3%B3n" title="Gonzalo Suárez Rendón">Gonzalo Suárez Rendón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_C%C3%A9spedes_Ruiz" title="Juan de Céspedes Ruiz">Juan de Céspedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Sanct_Mart%C3%ADn" title="Juan de Sanct Martín">Juan de San Martín</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFD500; color:black;">Minor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_D%C3%ADaz_de_Cardoso" title="Antonio Díaz de Cardoso">Antonio Díaz de Cardoso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Lebrija_(conquistador)" title="Antonio de Lebrija (conquistador)">Antonio de Lebrija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Camacho_Zambrano" title="Bartolomé Camacho Zambrano">Bartolomé Camacho Zambrano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Garc%C3%ADa_Zorro" title="Gonzalo García Zorro">Gonzalo García Zorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Mac%C3%ADas" title="Gonzalo Macías">Gonzalo Macías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Venegas_Carrillo" title="Hernán Venegas Carrillo">Hernán Venegas Carrillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Albarrac%C3%ADn" title="Juan de Albarracín">Juan de Albarracín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_del_Junco" title="Juan del Junco">Juan del Junco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Tafur" title="Juan Tafur">Juan Tafur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A1zaro_Fonte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lázaro Fonte (page does not exist)"><span style="color:black;background: white;">Lázaro Fonte</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Lanchero" title="Luis Lanchero">Luis Lanchero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Galeano" title="Martín Galeano">Martín Galeano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Ya%C3%B1%C3%A9z_Tafur" title="Martín Yañéz Tafur">Martín Yañéz Tafur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Holgu%C3%ADn_y_Figueroa" title="Miguel Holguín y Figueroa">Miguel Holguín y Figueroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ort%C3%BAn_Vel%C3%A1zquez_de_Velasco" title="Ortún Velázquez de Velasco">Ortún Velázquez de Velasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Valenzuela_(conquistador)" title="Pedro Fernández de Valenzuela (conquistador)">Pedro Fernández de Valenzuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Ru%C3%ADz_Corredor" title="Pedro Ruíz Corredor">Pedro Ruíz Corredor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%">Neighbouring conquests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Chibchan_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish conquest of the Chibchan Nations">Conquest of the Chibchan Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzo_people" title="Muzo people">Conquest of the Muzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panche_people" title="Panche people">Conquest of the Panche</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tocarema" title="Battle of Tocarema">Battle of Tocarema (1538)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><div id="Research_and_collections" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Research and collections</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muisca_and_pre-Muisca_scholars" title="List of Muisca and pre-Muisca scholars">Scholars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Acosta" title="Joaquín Acosta">Acosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soledad_Acosta" title="Soledad Acosta">Acosta Samper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Aguado" title="Pedro de Aguado">De Aguado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Arango_Cano" title="Jesús Arango Cano">Arango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_M._Broadbent" title="Sylvia M. Broadbent">Broadbent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Castellanos" title="Juan de Castellanos">De Castellanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli%C3%A9cer_Silva_Celis" title="Eliécer Silva Celis">Celis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Correal_Urrego" title="Gonzalo Correal Urrego">Correal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Domingo_Duquesne" title="José Domingo Duquesne">Duquesne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Freyle" title="Juan Rodríguez Freyle">Freyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Friede" title="Juan Friede">Friede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Gamboa_Mendoza" title="Jorge Gamboa Mendoza">Gamboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_Mar%C3%ADa_Groot" title="Ana María Groot">Groot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_van_der_Hammen" title="Thomas van der Hammen">Hammen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Humboldt" title="Alexander von Humboldt">Humboldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Arturo_Izquierdo_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Manuel Arturo Izquierdo Peña">Izquierdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Henrik_Langebaek" title="Carl Henrik Langebaek">Langebaek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_de_Lugo" title="Bernardo de Lugo">De Lugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javier_Ocampo_L%C3%B3pez" title="Javier Ocampo López">Ocampo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucas_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Piedrahita" title="Lucas Fernández de Piedrahita">De Piedrahita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Jim%C3%A9nez_de_Quesada" title="Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada">De Quesada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerardo_Reichel-Dolmatoff" title="Gerardo Reichel-Dolmatoff">Reichel-Dolmatoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Cardale_de_Schrimpff" title="Marianne Cardale de Schrimpff">Schrimpff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Sim%C3%B3n" title="Pedro Simón">Simón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Triana" title="Miguel Triana">Triana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezequiel_Uricoechea" title="Ezequiel Uricoechea">Uricoechea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liborio_Zerda" title="Liborio Zerda">Zerda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eleg%C3%ADas_de_varones_ilustres_de_Indias" title="Elegías de varones ilustres de Indias">Elegías</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1589)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_Carnero" title="El Carnero">El Carnero</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1638)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ep%C3%ADtome_de_la_conquista_del_Nuevo_Reino_de_Granada" title="Epítome de la conquista del Nuevo Reino de Granada">Epítome</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1889)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muisca_research_institutes" title="List of Muisca research institutes">Research institutes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Institute_of_Anthropology_and_History" title="Colombian Institute of Anthropology and History">ICANH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Colombia" title="National University of Colombia">Universidad Nacional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Los_Andes_(Colombia)" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Los Andes (Colombia)">Universidad de los Andes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Xavierian_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical Xavierian University">Universidad La Javeriana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh" title="University of Pittsburgh">University of Pittsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedagogical_and_Technological_University_of_Colombia" title="Pedagogical and Technological University of Colombia">UPTC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muisca_museum_collections" title="List of Muisca museum collections">Collections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Museum,_Bogot%C3%A1" title="Gold Museum, Bogotá">Museo del Oro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_Museum,_Sogamoso" title="Archaeology Museum, Sogamoso">Archaeology Museum of Sogamoso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_Museum,_Pasca" title="Archaeology Museum, Pasca">Archaeology Museum of Pasca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: #FFD500; color:black;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Muisca" title="Category:Muisca">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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