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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Eligibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eligibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Eligibility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eligibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Replacement_of_members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Replacement_of_members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Replacement of members</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Replacement_of_members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shared_powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shared_powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Shared powers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shared_powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Joint_sessions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Joint_sessions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Joint sessions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Joint_sessions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sessions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sessions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Sessions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sessions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commissions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commissions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Commissions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commissions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Senate</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Senate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Senate subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Senate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Electoral_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Electoral system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eligibility_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eligibility_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Eligibility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eligibility_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exclusive_powers_of_the_Senate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exclusive_powers_of_the_Senate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Exclusive powers of the Senate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exclusive_powers_of_the_Senate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chamber_of_Representatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chamber_of_Representatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Chamber of Representatives</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Chamber_of_Representatives-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon 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<span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Exclusive powers of the House</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exclusive_powers_of_the_House-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legislative process</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legislative_process-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legislative process subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legislative_process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Types_of_laws" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_laws"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Types of laws</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types_of_laws-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_initiative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_initiative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Legislative initiative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_initiative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_procedure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_procedure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Legislative procedure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_procedure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latest_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latest_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Latest election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latest_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Congress of Colombia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="الكونغرس الكولومبي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الكونغرس الكولومبي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congresu_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Colombia" title="Congresu de la República de Colombia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Congresu de la República de Colombia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongress_der_Republik_Kolumbien" title="Kongress der Republik Kolumbien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kongress der Republik Kolumbien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congreso_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Colombia" title="Congreso de la República de Colombia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Congreso de la República de Colombia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کنگره جمهوری کلمبیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کنگره جمهوری کلمبیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congr%C3%A8s_de_la_r%C3%A9publique_de_Colombie" title="Congrès de la république de Colombie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Congrès de la république de Colombie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congresso_della_Repubblica_(Colombia)" title="Congresso della Repubblica (Colombia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Congresso della Repubblica (Colombia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congres_(Colombia)" title="Congres (Colombia) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Congres (Colombia)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E8%AD%B0%E4%BC%9A_(%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%93%E3%82%A2)" title="共和国議会 (コロンビア) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="共和国議会 (コロンビア)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congresso_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_da_Col%C3%B4mbia" title="Congresso da República da Colômbia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Congresso da República da Colômbia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Конгресс Колумбии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Конгресс Колумбии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_of_Colombia" title="Congress of Colombia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Congress of Colombia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolumbian_kongressi" title="Kolumbian kongressi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kolumbian kongressi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongreso_ng_Colombia" title="Kongreso ng Colombia – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kongreso ng Colombia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%91c_h%E1%BB%99i_Colombia" title="Quốc hội Colombia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quốc hội Colombia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="哥伦比亚国民议会 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哥伦比亚国民议会" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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74.07639°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">4.59750; -74.07639</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Bicameral national legislature of Colombia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #ededed"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Congress of the Republic of Colombia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/9th_Congress_of_Colombia" title="9th Congress of Colombia">9th Congress of Colombia</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_Congreso_de_Colombia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Logo_Congreso_de_Colombia.png/170px-Logo_Congreso_de_Colombia.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Logo_Congreso_de_Colombia.png/255px-Logo_Congreso_de_Colombia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Logo_Congreso_de_Colombia.png/340px-Logo_Congreso_de_Colombia.png 2x" data-file-width="2054" data-file-height="638" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Type</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline" class="category"><a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">Bicameral</a></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Houses</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Colombia" title="Senate of Colombia">Senate</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Representatives_of_Colombia" title="Chamber of Representatives of Colombia">Chamber of Representatives</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Leadership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_Colombia" title="President of the Senate of Colombia">President of the Senate</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Efra%C3%ADn_Cepeda" title="Efraín Cepeda">Efraín Cepeda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Colombian_Conservative_Party" title="Colombian Conservative Party">Conservative</a>) <br />since 20 July 2024<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2024-07-20</span>)</span> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Chamber_of_Representatives_of_Colombia" title="President of the Chamber of Representatives of Colombia">President of the Chamber</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Ra%C3%BAl_Salamanca" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaime Raúl Salamanca">Jaime Raúl Salamanca</a> (<a href="/wiki/Green_Alliance_(Colombia)" title="Green Alliance (Colombia)">Green Alliance</a>) <br />since 20 July 2024<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2024-07-20</span>)</span> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seats</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>296</b> consisting of:<br />108 Senators<br />188 Representatives</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Senado_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Colombia_2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Senado_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Colombia_2024.svg/250px-Senado_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Colombia_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Senado_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Colombia_2024.svg/375px-Senado_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Colombia_2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Senado_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Colombia_2024.svg/500px-Senado_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Colombia_2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Colombia" title="Senate of Colombia">Senate</a> political groups</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><b><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Gustavo_Petro" title="Cabinet of Gustavo Petro">Government</a> (35)</b> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#A42F95; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Historic_Pact_for_Colombia" title="Historic Pact for Colombia">Historic Pact</a> (20)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#07d400; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Green_Alliance_(Colombia)" title="Green Alliance (Colombia)">Green Alliance</a> (8)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#AF1120; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Commons_(Colombian_political_party)" title="Commons (Colombian political party)">Commons</a> (5)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:green; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Authorities_of_Colombia" title="Indigenous Authorities of Colombia">AICO</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ED151F; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimiento_Alternativo_Ind%C3%ADgena_y_Social" class="extiw" title="es:Movimiento Alternativo Indígena y Social">MAIS</a> (1)</li></ul> <p><b>Independents (47)</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#1935D0; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Conservative_Party" title="Colombian Conservative Party">Conservative</a> (15)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF3333; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Liberal_Party" title="Colombian Liberal Party">Liberal</a> (13)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF8C00; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Union_Party_for_the_People" title="Union Party for the People">Party of the U</a> (10)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#1FA12E; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Independent_Social_Alliance" title="Independent Social Alliance">ASI</a> (4)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0033a0; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Independent_Movement_of_Absolute_Renovation" title="Independent Movement of Absolute Renovation">MIRA</a> (3)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C29B61; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Fair_and_Free_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fair and Free Colombia">CJL</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#178D04; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Oxygen_Green_Party" title="Oxygen Green Party">Oxygen Green Party</a> (1)</li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_opposition" title="Parliamentary opposition">Opposition</a> (23)</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#1E90FF; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Center_(Colombia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Center (Colombia)">Democratic Center</a> (12)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FB656F; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Radical_Change" title="Radical Change">Radical Change</a> (11)</li></ul> <p><b>Vacant (3)</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#1E90FF; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Center_(Colombia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Center (Colombia)">Democratic Center</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF3333; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Liberal_Party" title="Colombian Liberal Party">Liberal</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#F5EC49; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/League_of_Anti-Corruption_Governors" title="League of Anti-Corruption Governors">LIGA</a> (1)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:C%C3%A1mara_de_Representantes_de_Colombia_2023.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/C%C3%A1mara_de_Representantes_de_Colombia_2023.png/250px-C%C3%A1mara_de_Representantes_de_Colombia_2023.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/C%C3%A1mara_de_Representantes_de_Colombia_2023.png/375px-C%C3%A1mara_de_Representantes_de_Colombia_2023.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/C%C3%A1mara_de_Representantes_de_Colombia_2023.png/500px-C%C3%A1mara_de_Representantes_de_Colombia_2023.png 2x" data-file-width="688" data-file-height="851" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Representatives_of_Colombia" title="Chamber of Representatives of Colombia">Chamber of Representatives</a> political groups</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><b><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Gustavo_Petro" title="Cabinet of Gustavo Petro">Government</a> (69)</b> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#A42F95; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Historic_Pact_for_Colombia" title="Historic Pact for Colombia">Historic Pact</a> (27)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFFFFF; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programa_de_Desarrollo_con_Enfoque_Territorial" class="extiw" title="es:Programa de Desarrollo con Enfoque Territorial">Civil Conflict Victims</a> (16)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#07d400; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Green_Alliance_(Colombia)" title="Green Alliance (Colombia)">Green Alliance</a> (15)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#AF1120; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Commons_(Colombian_political_party)" title="Commons (Colombian political party)">Commons</a> (5)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF7F50; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombia_Renaciente" class="extiw" title="es:Colombia Renaciente">Colombia Renaciente</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EA760D; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuerza_Ciudadana_(Colombia)" class="extiw" title="es:Fuerza Ciudadana (Colombia)">Fuerza Ciudadana</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#5FD35F; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> Gente en Movimiento (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ED151F; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimiento_Alternativo_Ind%C3%ADgena_y_Social" class="extiw" title="es:Movimiento Alternativo Indígena y Social">MAIS</a> (1)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#000000; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Afro-Colombians" title="Afro-Colombians">Afro-Colombians</a> (2)</li></ul> <p><b>Independents (81)</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF3333; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Liberal_Party" title="Colombian Liberal Party">Liberal</a> (33)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#1935D0; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Conservative_Party" title="Colombian Conservative Party">Conservative</a> (27)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF8C00; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Union_Party_for_the_People" title="Union Party for the People">Party of the U</a> (16)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#c91226; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/New_Liberalism_(Colombia)" title="New Liberalism (Colombia)">New Liberalism</a> (2)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#8E4585; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dignidad_(partido_pol%C3%ADtico_de_Colombia)" class="extiw" title="es:Dignidad (partido político de Colombia)">Dignity</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0033a0; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Independent_Movement_of_Absolute_Renovation" title="Independent Movement of Absolute Renovation">MIRA</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#178D04; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Oxygen_Green_Party" title="Oxygen Green Party">Oxygen Green Party</a> (1)</li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_opposition" title="Parliamentary opposition">Opposition</a> (37)</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FB656F; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Radical_Change" title="Radical Change">Radical Change</a> (18)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#1E90FF; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Center_(Colombia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Center (Colombia)">Democratic Center</a> (16)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#F5EC49; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/League_of_Anti-Corruption_Governors" title="League of Anti-Corruption Governors">LIGA</a> (3)</li></ul> <p><b>Not elected</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#89CFF0; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Raizal" title="Raizal">Raizal</a> (1)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Length of term</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Four years</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Elections</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Colombia" title="Senate of Colombia">Senate</a> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">voting system</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Direct_election" title="Direct election">Direct election</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Representatives_of_Colombia" title="Chamber of Representatives of Colombia">Chamber of Representatives</a> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">voting system</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Direct_election" title="Direct election">Direct election</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Last <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Colombia" title="Senate of Colombia">Senate</a> election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2022_Colombian_parliamentary_election" title="2022 Colombian parliamentary election">13 March 2022</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Last <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Representatives_of_Colombia" title="Chamber of Representatives of Colombia">Chamber of Representatives</a> election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2022_Colombian_parliamentary_election" title="2022 Colombian parliamentary election">13 March 2022</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Meeting place</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capitolio_Nacional_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Capitolio_Nacional_1.jpg/250px-Capitolio_Nacional_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Capitolio_Nacional_1.jpg/375px-Capitolio_Nacional_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Capitolio_Nacional_1.jpg/500px-Capitolio_Nacional_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label"><a href="/wiki/Capitolio_Nacional" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitolio Nacional">Capitolio Nacional</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senado.gov.co">www<wbr />.senado<wbr />.gov<wbr />.co</a></span><br /><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.camara.gov.co">www<wbr />.camara<wbr />.gov<wbr />.co</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="width:20.0em; border: 4px double #d69d36;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><b><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">This article is part of a series on the</span></b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#002868; border: 1px double #8C959A;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Colombia" title="Politics of Colombia"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;"><small>Politics of</small><br />Colombia</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Colombia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Coat_of_arms_of_Colombia.svg/110px-Coat_of_arms_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Coat_of_arms_of_Colombia.svg/165px-Coat_of_arms_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Coat_of_arms_of_Colombia.svg/220px-Coat_of_arms_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1134" data-file-height="1153" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCD00; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)">Government</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Constitution_of_1991" title="Colombian Constitution of 1991">Constitution of Colombia</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Law of Colombia">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Colombia" title="Taxation in Colombia">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Colombia" title="Politics of Colombia">Policy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCD00; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)">Executive</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_Colombia" title="President of Colombia">President</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Gustavo Petro</a> (PH)</li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Colombia" title="Vice President of Colombia">Vice President</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francia_M%C3%A1rquez" title="Francia Márquez">Francia Márquez</a> (PH)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Colombia">Cabinet of Colombia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Gustavo_Petro" title="Cabinet of Gustavo Petro">Petro</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCD00; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)">Legislature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Congress of Colombia</a></b></li></ul> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Colombia_Congress_2022.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Colombia_Congress_2022.svg/49px-Colombia_Congress_2022.svg.png" decoding="async" width="49" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Colombia_Congress_2022.svg/74px-Colombia_Congress_2022.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Colombia_Congress_2022.svg/98px-Colombia_Congress_2022.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Colombia_Chamber_of_Representatives_2022.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Colombia_Chamber_of_Representatives_2022.svg/53px-Colombia_Chamber_of_Representatives_2022.svg.png" decoding="async" width="53" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Colombia_Chamber_of_Representatives_2022.svg/80px-Colombia_Chamber_of_Representatives_2022.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Colombia_Chamber_of_Representatives_2022.svg/106px-Colombia_Chamber_of_Representatives_2022.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Colombia" title="Senate of Colombia">Senate</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_Colombia" title="President of the Senate of Colombia">President of Senate</a> <a href="/wiki/Iv%C3%A1n_Name" title="Iván Name">Iván Name</a> (<a href="/wiki/Green_Alliance_(Colombia)" title="Green Alliance (Colombia)">AV</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Representatives_of_Colombia" title="Chamber of Representatives of Colombia">Chamber of Representatives</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Chamber_of_Representatives_of_Colombia" title="President of the Chamber of Representatives of Colombia">President of the Chamber</a> <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Calle" title="Andrés Calle">Andrés Calle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Colombian_Liberal_Party" title="Colombian Liberal Party">L</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCD00; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Colombia" title="Judiciary of Colombia"><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">Judiciary</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Colombia" title="Constitutional Court of Colombia">Constitutional Court</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Colombia" title="Constitutional Court of Colombia">President of the Constitutional Court</a> Cristina Pardo</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Justice_of_Colombia" title="Supreme Court of Justice of Colombia">Supreme Court of Juistice</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_Justice" title="President of the Supreme Court of Justice">President of the Supreme Court of Justice</a> Luis Antonio Hérnandez</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Colombia)" title="Council of State (Colombia)">Council of State</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_of_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of State of Colombia">President of the Council of State</a> Jaime Enrique Rodríguez</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Superior_Council_of_Judicature" title="Superior Council of Judicature">Superior Council of Judicature</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_Council_of_Judicature" title="Superior Council of Judicature">President of the Council of Judicature</a> Aurelio Enrique Rodríguez</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCD00; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Colombia" title="Elections in Colombia"><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">Elections</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Electoral_Council_(Colombia)" title="National Electoral Council (Colombia)">National Electoral Council</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Presidential_elections_in_Colombia" title="Presidential elections in Colombia">Presidential elections</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Colombian_presidential_election" title="2010 Colombian presidential election">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Colombian_presidential_election" title="2014 Colombian presidential election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Colombian_presidential_election" title="2018 Colombian presidential election">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Colombian_presidential_election" title="2022 Colombian presidential election">2022</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Legislative elections</b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Colombian_parliamentary_election" title="2010 Colombian parliamentary election">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Colombian_parliamentary_election" title="2014 Colombian parliamentary election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Colombian_parliamentary_election" title="2018 Colombian parliamentary election">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Colombian_parliamentary_election" title="2022 Colombian parliamentary election">2022</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCD00; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Colombia" title="Administrative divisions of Colombia"><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">Administrative divisions</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Colombia" title="Departments of Colombia">Departments</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazonas_(Colombian_department)" title="Amazonas (Colombian department)">AM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antioquia_Department" title="Antioquia Department">AN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arauca_Department" title="Arauca Department">AR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atl%C3%A1ntico_Department" title="Atlántico Department">AT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bol%C3%ADvar_Department" title="Bolívar Department">BO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyac%C3%A1_Department" title="Boyacá Department">BY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caldas_Department" title="Caldas Department">CA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caquet%C3%A1_Department" title="Caquetá Department">CQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casanare_Department" title="Casanare Department">CR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cauca_Department" title="Cauca Department">CU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Department" title="Cesar Department">CS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choc%C3%B3_Department" title="Chocó Department">CH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_Department" title="Córdoba Department">CO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cundinamarca_Department" title="Cundinamarca Department">CM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guain%C3%ADa_Department" title="Guainía Department">GU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaviare_Department" title="Guaviare Department">GV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huila_Department" title="Huila Department">HU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Guajira_Department" title="La Guajira Department">LG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalena_Department" title="Magdalena Department">MG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Department" title="Meta Department">MT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nari%C3%B1o_Department" title="Nariño Department">NA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norte_de_Santander_Department" title="Norte de Santander Department">NS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putumayo_Department" title="Putumayo Department">PT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quind%C3%ADo_Department" title="Quindío Department">QN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risaralda_Department" title="Risaralda Department">RS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archipelago_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s,_Providencia_and_Santa_Catalina" title="Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina">SA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santander_Department" title="Santander Department">SN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sucre_Department" title="Sucre Department">SC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolima_Department" title="Tolima Department">TO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valle_del_Cauca_Department" title="Valle del Cauca Department">VA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaup%C3%A9s_Department" title="Vaupés Department">VP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichada_Department" title="Vichada Department">VD</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Colombia" title="Municipalities of Colombia">Municipalities</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCD00; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Colombia" title="List of political parties in Colombia"><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">Political parties</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;;text-align:center;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Liberal_Party" title="Colombian Liberal Party">Liberal Party</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Conservative_Party" title="Colombian Conservative Party">Conservative Party</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Social_Party_of_National_Unity" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Party of National Unity">National Unity</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Change_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Radical Change Party">Radical Change Party</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_Democratic_Pole" title="Alternative Democratic Pole">Alternative Democratic Pole</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Colombia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Party (Colombia)">Green Party</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Absolute_Renovation_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Absolute Renovation Movement">MIRA</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCD00; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Colombia" title="Foreign relations of Colombia"><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">Foreign relations</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Colombia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Colombia)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Colombia)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Colombia)">Foreign Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Leyva" title="Álvaro Leyva">Álvaro Leyva</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Colombia" title="List of diplomatic missions of Colombia">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Colombia" title="List of diplomatic missions in Colombia">in Colombia</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_nationality_law" title="Colombian nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_passport" title="Colombian passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Colombian_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Colombian citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Colombia" title="Visa policy of Colombia">Visa policy</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Union of South American Nations">UNASUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Alliance" title="Pacific Alliance">Pacific Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Colombia–South Korea relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Colombia–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93France_relations" title="Colombia–France relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Colombia–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Colombia_relations" title="Austria–Colombia relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93Czech_Republic_relations" title="Colombia–Czech Republic relations">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93Paraguay_relations" title="Colombia–Paraguay relations">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Colombia–Germany relations">Germany</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #000000;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/16px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/24px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Colombia" title="Portal:Colombia">Colombia portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Colombia" title="Template:Politics of Colombia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Colombia" title="Template talk:Politics of Colombia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Colombia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Colombia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Congress of the Republic of Colombia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Congreso de la República de Colombia</i>) is the name given to <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameral</a> national <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislature</a>. </p><p>The Congress of Colombia consists of the 108-seat <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Colombia" title="Senate of Colombia">Senate</a>, and the 188-seat <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Representatives of Colombia">Chamber of Representatives</a>, Members of both houses are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms. </p><p>The composition, organization and powers of Congress and the legislative procedure are established by the fourth title of the <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Constitution_of_1991" title="Colombian Constitution of 1991">Colombian Constitution</a>. According to article 114 of the Constitution, the Congress amends the constitution, makes the law and exercises political control over the government and the public administration. In addition, the Constitution and the law grant other powers to Congress, including certain judicial powers and electing senior judges and other senior public officials.<sup id="cite_ref-constitution[eng]_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-constitution[eng]-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both houses of Congress meet at the <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">neoclassical</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Capitolio_Nacional" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitolio Nacional">Capitolio Nacional</a></i> ("National Capitol") building in central <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a>, the construction of which began in 1847 and was not concluded until 1926. Each house has its own election procedure and individual powers distinguishing them from the other, which are further discussed in the article for each individual house. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Congress">Congress</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Congress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eligibility">Eligibility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Eligibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each house has its own eligibility requirements established by the Constitution, but there are common rules of ineligibility and incompatibility (<i>régimen de inhabilidades e incompatibilidades</i>), determined by the Constitution. </p><p>Anyone who has been sentenced to deprivation of liberty (detention) at any time except for political crimes and culpable negligence; hold <a href="/wiki/Dual-citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual-citizenship">dual citizenship</a> and are not native-born citizens; held a public employment position with political, civil, administrative or military authority or jurisdiction within the year prior the election; participated in business transactions with public entities or concluded contracts with them, or were legal representatives of entities which handled taxes or quasi-fiscal levies within the six months prior to the election; lost their mandate (<i>investidura</i>) as members of Congress or holds ties of marriage or kinship with civil servants holding civil or political authority may not be elected to Congress. In addition, relatives through marriage or kinship who are registered candidates for the same party for an office elected on the same day may not be members of Congress. The constitution also bans election to or membership in more than one office or body, even if the terms only overlap partially.<sup id="cite_ref-constitution[eng]_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-constitution[eng]-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Members of Congress may not hold another public or private office (except university professorship); manage matters or conclude contracts, in their name or that of someone else, with public entities or persons administering taxes or serve as a member of any board or executive committee of decentralized public entities or institutions administering taxes.<sup id="cite_ref-constitution[eng]_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-constitution[eng]-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Violations of the rules of ineligibility, incompatibility, conflict of interest lead to the loss of one's mandate (<i>investidura</i>) as congressmen; as does an absence (during the same session) to six plenary sessions, failing to take their seat within eight days following the first meeting of the house, improper use of public funds or duly proven influence peddling. The <a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Colombia)" title="Council of State (Colombia)">Council of State</a> rules on the loss of mandate within twenty days of the request made by a citizen or the executive committee of the appropriate house. </p><p>Members of Congress enjoy immunity for their opinions and the votes that they cast in the exercise of their office. For crimes committed during their term, only the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Justice_of_Colombia" title="Supreme Court of Justice of Colombia">Supreme Court of Justice</a> may order the arrest and try them.<sup id="cite_ref-constitution[eng]_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-constitution[eng]-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Replacement_of_members">Replacement of members</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Replacement of members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Members of Congress do not have alternates (<i>suplente</i>) and are only replaced in the event of a temporary or permanent absences, as decreed by law, by the next non-elected candidate on the list from which he/she was elected, ranked in order of registration or votes received. Permanent absences include death, physical incapacity, nullification of the election, justified and accepted resignation, disciplinary sanctions and the loss of one's mandate. Temporary absences include maternity leave and temporary deprivation of liberty from crimes other than those signalled in the paragraph below. </p><p>In the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Colombian_parapolitics_scandal" title="Colombian parapolitics scandal">parapolitics scandal</a>, a political reform in 2009 created the so-called <i>silla vacía</i> (empty seat) mechanism, according to which anyone who has been sentenced for membership, promotion or funding of illegal armed groups; drug trafficking; intentional wrongdoing against the public administration or mechanisms of democratic participation or crimes against humanity cannot be replaced. Likewise, any congressmen who resigns after having been formally indicted in <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> for any of these crimes or who is temporarily absent after an arrest warrant has been issued for any of these crimes is not replaced. These rules not only apply to Congress, but to all other directly elected bodies - departmental assemblies, municipal councils and local administrative boards. These provisions were strengthened by the 2015 constitutional reform, which added fraudulent wrongdoings against public administration as a crime not resulting in replacement.<sup id="cite_ref-constitution[eng]_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-constitution[eng]-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shared_powers">Shared powers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Shared powers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although each house of Congress serves a particular role and have individual powers distinguishing them from one another, both houses have certain powers in common, according to Article 135 of the Constitution; namely:<sup id="cite_ref-constitution[eng]_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-constitution[eng]-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Electing its executive committees and its secretary general for a two-year period</li> <li>Request from the government the information that the house may need, except information regarding diplomatic instructions and classified documents</li> <li>Determine the convening of sessions reserved to address oral questions by congressmen to cabinet ministers and the answers of the latter</li> <li>To fill the positions established by law necessary for the execution of powers</li> <li>Seek from the government the cooperation of government agencies to improve the performance of their duties</li> <li>Organizing its internal maintenance of order.</li> <li>To summon (by writing, with five days anticipation) and require ministers, permanent secretaries and heads of administrative departments to attend sessions. In cases the officials fail to attend without an excuse deemed reasonable by the house, the house may file a censure motion.</li> <li>Propose censure motions against ministers, permanent secretaries and heads of administrative departments for matters related to their official duties or for ignoring the summons of Congress. A censure motion must be tabled by at least a tenth of the members of the respective house, and the vote takes place after the conclusion of a debate with a public hearing of the respective official. Approval of the motion requires an <a href="/wiki/Absolute_majority" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute majority">absolute majority</a>, and, if successful, the official is removed from office. If unsuccessful, no new motion on the same matter may be proposed unless it is supported by new facts. The decision of a single house is binding on the other.</li> <li>Commissions of either house may also summon any natural or juridical person to testify (in writing or orally) during a special session on matters directly related to investigations pursued by the committee (Article 137).</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Joint_sessions">Joint sessions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Joint sessions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Congress meets as a single body (<i>Congreso pleno</i>) only on exceptional occasions, determined by article 18 of Law 5 of 1992. These occasions are:<sup id="cite_ref-congressrules_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-congressrules-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Inauguration of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Colombia" title="President of Colombia">President of the Republic</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Colombia" title="Vice President of Colombia">Vice President</a> when acting as President</li> <li>Receive foreign heads of State and government</li> <li>Election of the <a href="/wiki/Comptroller_general_of_colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Comptroller general of colombia">Comptroller General</a></li> <li>Election of the Vice President in the case of a vacancy</li> <li>Recognizing the physical incapacity of the Vice President</li> <li>Electing magistrates of the Disciplinary Chamber of the <a href="/wiki/Superior_Council_of_the_Judiciary_of_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior Council of the Judiciary of Colombia">Superior Council of the Judiciary</a></li> <li>Deciding on <a href="/wiki/Censure_motion" class="mw-redirect" title="Censure motion">censure motions</a> against cabinet ministers</li></ol> <p>In joint sessions of Congress, the President of the Senate acts as <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Congress_of_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Congress of Colombia">President of the Congress</a> and convenes, chairs and directs the session. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sessions">Sessions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sessions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Congress meets twice a year in two ordinary sessions: the first from 20 July to 16 December, and the second from 16 March to 20 June. These two sessions form a single legislative year, legally known as a legislature (<i>legislatura</i>), of which there are four during the course of a single congressional term.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Executive_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive branch">executive branch</a> can call for extraordinary sessions at any time, but never after 20 June in an election year, and Congress may only discuss the issues submitted for its consideration by the government during these sessions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commissions">Commissions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Commissions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each house elects permanent commissions, whose number, composition and responsibilities are determined by law. These commissions, whose existence stems from the Constitution, are known as permanent constitutional commissions and there are currently 14 in Congress - seven in each house. The current permanent commissions are:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>First commission</b> (19 senators, 35 representatives): responsible for constitutional amendments, statutory laws, constitutional rights and duties, territorial organization, regulation of control organisms, peace, structure organization of the central administration, ethnic affairs and other administrative matters.</li> <li><b>Second commission</b> (13 senators, 19 representatives): responsible for foreign policy, defence, the military and police, treaties, diplomatic and consular appointments, foreign trade, borders, citizenship, immigration and aliens, military service, public honours and monuments, harbours and other foreign trade matters.</li> <li><b>Third commission</b> (15 senators, 29 representatives): responsible for finance, taxes, monetary policy, central bank, authorization of loans, monopolies, economic regulation, national planning, financial markets, stock markets, insurance and savings.</li> <li><b>Fourth commission</b> (15 senators, 27 representatives): responsible for budget laws, fiscal supervision, disposition of national goods, industrial property, patents, trademarks, management of national public institutions and offices, quality and price control for administrative contracts.</li> <li><b>Fifth commission</b> (13 senators, 19 representatives): responsible for agriculture, the environment, natural resources, land management, fishing and maritime affairs, mining and energy.</li> <li><b>Sixth commission</b> (13 senators, 18 representatives): responsible for communications, fees, public calamities, service delivery, communications media, scientific and technological research, radio and television, geostationary orbit, digital communication and computer systems, air space, public works and transport, tourism, education and culture.</li> <li><b>Seventh commission</b> (14 senators, 19 representatives): responsible for civil servants, trade unions, mutual aid societies, social security, benefits, recreation, sports, health, community organizations, housing, economic solidarity, women and the family.</li></ul> <p>Legal commissions are those created by the law, responsible for specific matters outside the competence of the constitutional commission. Three legal commissions exist in both houses - human rights, ethics and congressional rules and document accreditation; two legal commissions exist only in the House of Representatives - public accounts and the investigation and accusation commission. In addition, there are special commissions and incidental commissions.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Senate">Senate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Senate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Colombia" title="Senate of Colombia">Senate of Colombia</a></div> <p>The Senate has 102 elected members for four-year terms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electoral_system">Electoral system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Electoral system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Constitution_of_1991" title="Colombian Constitution of 1991">Colombian Constitution</a>, 100 senators (<i>senadores</i>) are elected from a single national <a href="/wiki/Constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Constituency">constituency</a>. The remaining two are elected in a special national constituency for <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Colombia" title="Indigenous peoples in Colombia">Indigenous</a> communities. The current <a href="/wiki/Election_threshold" class="mw-redirect" title="Election threshold">threshold</a> in order to obtain seats is 3% of valid votes nationally. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eligibility_2">Eligibility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Eligibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To be a senator, a person must be a natural-born Colombian citizen over the age of 30 at the time of the election. Representatives of indigenous communities seeking election as a representative of indigenous communities in the Senate must have held a traditional authority role in their community or have been the leader of an indigenous organization. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exclusive_powers_of_the_Senate">Exclusive powers of the Senate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Exclusive powers of the Senate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Approve or reject the resignations of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Colombia" title="President of Colombia">President</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Colombia" title="Vice President of Colombia">Vice President</a>.</li> <li>Approve or reject all military promotions conferred by the government on commissioned officers.</li> <li>Grant leaves of absence for the President in cases other than sickness, and determine the qualification of the Vice President to serve as President.</li> <li>Allow for the transit of foreign troops through Colombian territory.</li> <li>Authorize the Government to <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_war" title="Declaration of war">declare war</a> on a foreign nation.</li> <li>Elect the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Colombia" title="Constitutional Court of Colombia">Constitutional Court</a> justices.</li> <li>Elect the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Attorney_General_of_Colombia" title="Office of the Attorney General of Colombia">Attorney General</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-constitution[eng]_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-constitution[eng]-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Take cognizance of the charges brought by the House of Representatives against the President (or whoever replaces him/her) and members of the <i>Comisión de Aforados</i> even if they may have ceased to exercise their functions. The Senate determines the validity of the charges concerning actions or omissions that occurred in the exercise of these duties, and adopts disciplinary measures if need be. The Senate's <a href="/wiki/Impeachment" title="Impeachment">impeachment</a> powers are limited, as the Constitution explicitly states the punishments which may be imposed, and, the accused faces trial before the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Justice_of_Colombia" title="Supreme Court of Justice of Colombia">Supreme Court of Justice</a> for common crimes.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chamber_of_Representatives">Chamber of Representatives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Chamber of Representatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Representatives_of_Colombia" title="Chamber of Representatives of Colombia">Chamber of Representatives of Colombia</a></div> <p>The House has 166 elected members for four-year terms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electoral_system_2">Electoral system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Electoral system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The House of Representatives is elected in territorial constituencies, special constituencies and an international constituency. </p><p>Each <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Colombia" title="Departments of Colombia">department</a> (and the capital district of <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá D.C.</a>) form territorial electoral constituencies (<i>circunscripciones territoriales</i>). Each constituency has at least two members, and one more for every 365,000 inhabitants or fraction greater than 182,500 over and above the initial 365,000. For the current legislative term (2014-2018), 161 of the 166 House members are elected in territorial constituencies. </p><p>There are also three special constituencies, electing the remaining five members: one for <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Colombia" title="Indigenous peoples in Colombia">Indigenous</a> communities currently with one representative, one for <a href="/wiki/Afro-Colombian" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Colombian">Afro-Colombian</a> communities (<i>negritudes</i>) currently with two representatives and one for Colombian citizens resident abroad currently with one representative. As a result of the 2015 constitutional reform, the number of seats allocated to Colombian citizens resident abroad will be reduced to one, from 2018 onward, as an additional special seat will be created for the territorial constituency of <a href="/wiki/Archipelago_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s,_Providencia_and_Santa_Catalina" title="Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina">Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina</a> to represent the archipelago's <a href="/wiki/Raizal" title="Raizal">Raizal</a> community.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current <a href="/wiki/Election_threshold" class="mw-redirect" title="Election threshold">threshold</a> in order to obtain seats is 50% of the electoral quotient (total votes divided by total seats) in constituencies with over two seats and 30% of the electoral quotient in constituencies with two seats. Seats are then distributed using the distributing number, or <i>cifra repartidora</i> method explained in article 263 of the Constitution. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eligibility_3">Eligibility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Eligibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To be a representative, a person must be a Colombian citizen (by birth or naturalization) over the age of 25 at the time of the election. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exclusive_powers_of_the_House">Exclusive powers of the House</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Exclusive powers of the House"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Elect the <a href="/wiki/Ombudsman%27s_Office_of_Colombia" title="Ombudsman's Office of Colombia">Ombudsman</a>.</li> <li>Examine and finalize the general budgetary and treasury account presented to it by the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Comptroller_General_of_Colombia" title="Office of the Comptroller General of Colombia">Comptroller General</a>.</li> <li>Bring charges to the Senate, at the request of the investigation and accusation commission, for the impeachment of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Colombia" title="President of Colombia">President</a> (or whoever replaces him/her) and members of the <i>Comisión de Aforados</i>.</li> <li>Take cognizance of complaints and grievances presented by the Attorney General or by individuals against the aforementioned officials and, if valid, to bring charges on that basis before the Senate.</li> <li>Request the aid of other authorities to pursue the investigations.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislative_process">Legislative process</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Legislative process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Congress's main power is to enact, interpret, amend and repeal laws (Article 150). Under this responsibility, some of its specific legal powers include approving the national development plan and related appropriations, defining the division of the territory, determining the structure of national administration (including creating, merging or abolishing ministries, departments and other national public institutions), authorizing the conclusion of contracts, loans and asset sales by the government; vesting the President with exceptional powers to issue decrees with force of law for a six-month period; establishing national revenues and expenditures; ratifying international treaties signed by the government and granting amnesties or commutations for political crime (with a two-thirds majority). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Types_of_laws">Types of laws</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Types of laws"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Constitution differentiates between several different types of laws. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Organic_law" title="Organic law">Organic laws</a> (<i>leyes orgánicas</i>) regulate legislative activity, including the rules of Congress and both houses, the budgetary process and the approval of the national development plan. Their approval requires an <a href="/wiki/Absolute_majority" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute majority">absolute majority</a> of the members of both houses (Article 151 of the Constitution). </p><p>Statutory laws (<i>leyes estatutarias</i>) regulate fundamental rights and duties and the procedures for their protection; the administration of justice; political parties and movements; electoral regulations; mechanisms for citizen participation (plebiscite, referendum etc.); <a href="/wiki/State_of_exception" title="State of exception">states of exception</a>; the military criminal justice system and electoral equality before major presidential candidates. Their approval, amendment and repeal require an absolute majority of the members of both houses and must be completed within a single legislative year. This procedure also includes prior revision by the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Colombia" title="Constitutional Court of Colombia">Constitutional Court</a> (Article 152). </p><p>Legislative acts (<i>actos legislativos</i>) amend the Constitution, and they may be presented by ten members of Congress although they may also be introduced by the government, 20% of municipal councillors and departmental deputies or a number of citizens equivalent to at least 5% of registered voters. The procedure for their approval is longer, as they must be approved in two consecutive ordinary sessions. Legislative acts are not the only method to amend the Constitution, nor does Congress hold exclusive powers of constitutional amendment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_initiative">Legislative initiative</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Legislative initiative"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bills may originate in either house at the proposal of their respective members. However, legislative initiative is not limited to members of Congress. Bills may be proposed by the government through the appropriate minister(s); the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court of Justice, the Council of Judicial Government, the Council of State, the National Electoral Council, the <a href="/wiki/Inspector_General_of_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Inspector General of Colombia">Inspector General</a>, the Comptroller General and the Ombudsman may also propose bills on matters related to their duties. Finally, a number of citizens equivalent to at least 5% of registered voters at the time or 30% of municipal councillors or departmental deputies also hold legislative initiative under article 155, and these bills benefit from an accelerated procedure (see below). </p><p>The above notwithstanding, in certain cases bills may only be initiated by the government (see the second paragraph of article 154). Bills related to taxes may only be introduced in the House of Representatives and those involving international relations may only be introduced in the Senate. </p><p>All bills introduced must comply with certain requirements; among others, a title and number, articles and a statement of motives explaining the importance of the bill and the reasons for it.<sup id="cite_ref-leg.proc._11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leg.proc.-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_procedure">Legislative procedure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Legislative procedure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upon the bill's introduction, the presidents of both houses decide to which permanent constitutional commission the bill will be sent. Once sent to a commission in each house, the chair of said commission will assign one or more member as speaker (<i>ponente</i>), who will study the bill and present a report (<i>ponencia</i>) on the bill's benefits (or lack thereof), potential improvements to be made or recommending that the bill be rejected. Upon publication of this report, the commission as a whole meets for debate and discussion on the contents of the report. The commission votes on the bill. A bill rejected during this first debate may be reconsidered by the respective house at the request of its author, a member of the house, the government or a spokesperson in case of a popular initiative.<sup id="cite_ref-leg.proc._11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leg.proc.-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If the commission approves the bill, the commission's chair will again assign speakers, charged with reviewing the bill further and presenting a report for a second debate in the plenary of either house. The report is published for debate in the respective house, and the speaker explains to the full house the bill and the report. Similar to what happens during the first debate in commission, the floor is open to debate and testimony, followed by discussion of the bill in its entirety or by article. If the bill is approved by the house, it is sent to the other house, where it follows the same process through the equivalent commission and later to the floor of the house.<sup id="cite_ref-leg.proc._11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leg.proc.-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between the first and second debates, a period of no less than eight days must have elapsed, and between the approval of the bill in either house and the initiation of the debate in the other, at least 15 days must have elapsed (Article 159).<sup id="cite_ref-constitution[eng]_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-constitution[eng]-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A bill which has received a first debate but not completed the procedure in one legislative year will continue the process in the subsequent legislative year, but no bill can be considered by more than two legislatures. </p><p>In the case of differences between the versions approved by the two houses, a conciliation commission made up of an equal number of members of both houses is formed to re-conciliate both texts, or, if not possible, decide by majority vote on a text. The text chosen by the commission is sent to the floor of both houses for debate and approval. If differences persist, the bill is considered defeated (Article 161).<sup id="cite_ref-constitution[eng]_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-constitution[eng]-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once a bill has been approved in two debates in each house, the bill is sent to the government (President) for its approval. The Colombian President formally lacks <a href="/wiki/Veto" title="Veto">veto</a> power, but may object to a bill and return it to the houses for second debates. The delay for returning a bill with objections is 6 days (no more than 20 articles in the bill), 10 days (21-50 articles) or 20 days (over 50 articles). If the prescribed delay expires without the government having returned the bill with its objections, the President shall approve and <a href="/wiki/Promulgation" title="Promulgation">promulgate</a> it. If the bill is again adopted by an absolute majority of the members of both houses, the President must sign the bill without objection. However, if the President objected to the bill for unconstitutionality, the bill will be sent, if the houses insist, to the Constitutional Court. The Court then has six days to rule on the bill's constitutionality; a favourable ruling forces the President to sign the bill, an unfavourable decision defeats the bill.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The President may solicit the urgent or accelerated passage of a bill, by which the respective house must take a decision within a 30-day period (Article 163). In addition to this urgent procedure, it is also constitutionally established that priority is given to bills ratifying human rights treaties (Article 164).<sup id="cite_ref-constitution[eng]_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-constitution[eng]-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of citizens equivalent to 10% of registered voters may request a referendum for the repeal of a law. The law is repealed if an absolute majority of voters so decide, as long as turnout is over 25%. No referendums may be held on international treaties duly ratified, the budget or laws pertaining to fiscal and tax matters (Article 170).<sup id="cite_ref-constitution[eng]_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-constitution[eng]-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Images">Images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IX_Conferencia_Panamericana_en_el_Sal%C3%B3n_El%C3%ADptico_del_Capitolio_Nacional_frente_al_mural_por_Santiago_Martinez_Delgado.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="IX Panamerican Conference"><img alt="IX Panamerican Conference" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/IX_Conferencia_Panamericana_en_el_Sal%C3%B3n_El%C3%ADptico_del_Capitolio_Nacional_frente_al_mural_por_Santiago_Martinez_Delgado.jpg/92px-IX_Conferencia_Panamericana_en_el_Sal%C3%B3n_El%C3%ADptico_del_Capitolio_Nacional_frente_al_mural_por_Santiago_Martinez_Delgado.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/IX_Conferencia_Panamericana_en_el_Sal%C3%B3n_El%C3%ADptico_del_Capitolio_Nacional_frente_al_mural_por_Santiago_Martinez_Delgado.jpg/139px-IX_Conferencia_Panamericana_en_el_Sal%C3%B3n_El%C3%ADptico_del_Capitolio_Nacional_frente_al_mural_por_Santiago_Martinez_Delgado.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/IX_Conferencia_Panamericana_en_el_Sal%C3%B3n_El%C3%ADptico_del_Capitolio_Nacional_frente_al_mural_por_Santiago_Martinez_Delgado.jpg 2x" data-file-width="162" data-file-height="210" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">IX Panamerican Conference</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Laureano_Gomez_%26_Eduardo_Santos_frente_al_Mural_por_Santiago_Martinez_delgado.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Laureano Gomez & Eduardo Santos in the Elliptical room of the National Capitol"><img alt="Laureano Gomez & Eduardo Santos in the Elliptical room of the National Capitol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Laureano_Gomez_%26_Eduardo_Santos_frente_al_Mural_por_Santiago_Martinez_delgado.jpg/120px-Laureano_Gomez_%26_Eduardo_Santos_frente_al_Mural_por_Santiago_Martinez_delgado.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Laureano_Gomez_%26_Eduardo_Santos_frente_al_Mural_por_Santiago_Martinez_delgado.jpg/180px-Laureano_Gomez_%26_Eduardo_Santos_frente_al_Mural_por_Santiago_Martinez_delgado.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Laureano_Gomez_%26_Eduardo_Santos_frente_al_Mural_por_Santiago_Martinez_delgado.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="127" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Laureano Gomez & Eduardo Santos in the Elliptical room of the National Capitol</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turbay_jura_frente_al_Mural_por_Santiago_Martinez_Delgado_en_el_Capitolio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inauguration of Julio César Turbay"><img alt="Inauguration of Julio César Turbay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Turbay_jura_frente_al_Mural_por_Santiago_Martinez_Delgado_en_el_Capitolio.jpg/120px-Turbay_jura_frente_al_Mural_por_Santiago_Martinez_Delgado_en_el_Capitolio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Turbay_jura_frente_al_Mural_por_Santiago_Martinez_Delgado_en_el_Capitolio.jpg/180px-Turbay_jura_frente_al_Mural_por_Santiago_Martinez_Delgado_en_el_Capitolio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Turbay_jura_frente_al_Mural_por_Santiago_Martinez_Delgado_en_el_Capitolio.jpg/240px-Turbay_jura_frente_al_Mural_por_Santiago_Martinez_Delgado_en_el_Capitolio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="288" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inauguration of <a href="/wiki/Julio_C%C3%A9sar_Turbay" class="mw-redirect" title="Julio César Turbay">Julio César Turbay</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Santiago_Martinez_Delgado_in_the_colombian_congress.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mural by Santiago Martinez Delgado in the Colombian Congress."><img alt="Mural by Santiago Martinez Delgado in the Colombian Congress." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Santiago_Martinez_Delgado_in_the_colombian_congress.jpg/120px-Santiago_Martinez_Delgado_in_the_colombian_congress.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Santiago_Martinez_Delgado_in_the_colombian_congress.jpg/180px-Santiago_Martinez_Delgado_in_the_colombian_congress.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Santiago_Martinez_Delgado_in_the_colombian_congress.jpg/240px-Santiago_Martinez_Delgado_in_the_colombian_congress.jpg 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="275" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mural by <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Martinez_Delgado" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago Martinez Delgado">Santiago Martinez Delgado</a> in the Colombian Congress.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Latest_election">Latest election</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Latest election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/2022_Colombian_parliamentary_election" title="2022 Colombian parliamentary election">Colombian parliamentary election, 2022</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Representatives_of_Colombia" title="Chamber of Representatives of Colombia">Chamber of Representatives of Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Colombia" title="Senate of Colombia">Senate of Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Colombia" title="Politics of Colombia">Politics of Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legislatures_by_country" title="List of legislatures by country">List of legislatures by country</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FEF71F; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Alternative_Democratic_Pole" title="Alternative Democratic Pole">Alternative Democratic Pole</a> (5)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#CC00CC; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Humane_Colombia" title="Humane Colombia">Humane Colombia</a> (5)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ED151F; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimiento_Alternativo_Ind%C3%ADgena_y_Social" class="extiw" title="es:Movimiento Alternativo Indígena y Social">MAIS</a> (4)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#dbd100; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Union_(Colombia)" title="Patriotic Union (Colombia)">Patriotic Union</a> (4)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#15D9FB; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Broad_Democratic_Alliance" title="Broad Democratic Alliance">Broad Democratic Alliance</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Grey; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> Fuerza de la Paz (1)</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As part of a peace process agreement between the Colombian Government and the FARC rebels, FARC agreed to disarm in exchange for 5 parliamentary seats in the Senate</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#CC00CC; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Humane_Colombia" title="Humane Colombia">Humane Colombia</a> (13)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FEF71F; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Alternative_Democratic_Pole" title="Alternative Democratic Pole">Alternative Democratic Pole</a> (9)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ED151F; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimiento_Alternativo_Ind%C3%ADgena_y_Social" class="extiw" title="es:Movimiento Alternativo Indígena y Social">MAIS</a> (2)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Grey; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> Fuerza de la Paz (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#dbd100; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Union_(Colombia)" title="Patriotic Union (Colombia)">Patriotic Union</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C8A2CB; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soy_Porque_Somos" class="extiw" title="es:Soy Porque Somos">Soy Porque Somos</a> (1)</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As a peace process agreement between the Colombian Government and the FARC rebels, FARC agrees to disarm in exchange for 5 parliamentary seats in the House of Representatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Indigenous seat</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Additionally, if the Court finds the bill partially unconstitutional, the bill is returned to the house where it originated. Once the responsible minister is heard, the bill is redrafted based on the Court's decision. Once completed, it is again transmitted to the Court for a definitive ruling.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-constitution[eng]-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-constitution[eng]_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-constitution[eng]_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-constitution[eng]_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-constitution[eng]_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-constitution[eng]_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-constitution[eng]_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-constitution[eng]_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-constitution[eng]_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-constitution[eng]_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-constitution[eng]_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-constitution[eng]_6-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Colombia_2013?lang=en">"Colombia 1991 (rev. 2013)"</a>. Constitute Project.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Colombia+1991+%28rev.+2013%29&rft.pub=Constitute+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.constituteproject.org%2Fconstitution%2FColombia_2013%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongress+of+Colombia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-congressrules-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-congressrules_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alcaldiabogota.gov.co/sisjur/normas/Norma1.jsp?i=11368">Ley la cual se expide el Reglamento del Congreso; el Senado y la Cámara de Representantes</a> (Law 5) (in Spanish). 18 June 1992.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Ley+la+cual+se+expide+el+Reglamento+del+Congreso%3B+el+Senado+y+la+C%C3%A1mara+de+Representantes&rft.date=1992-06-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alcaldiabogota.gov.co%2Fsisjur%2Fnormas%2FNorma1.jsp%3Fi%3D11368&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongress+of+Colombia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160315212248/http://senado.gov.co/comisiones/comisiones-constitucionales">"Comisiones Constitucionales"</a>. <i>Senado de la República</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senado.gov.co/comisiones/comisiones-constitucionales">the original</a> on 15 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Senado+de+la+Rep%C3%BAblica&rft.atitle=Comisiones+Constitucionales&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.senado.gov.co%2Fcomisiones%2Fcomisiones-constitucionales&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongress+of+Colombia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senado.gov.co/comisiones">"Comisiones del Senado de la República"</a>. <i>Senado de la República</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Senado+de+la+Rep%C3%BAblica&rft.atitle=Comisiones+del+Senado+de+la+Rep%C3%BAblica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.senado.gov.co%2Fcomisiones&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongress+of+Colombia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.secretariasenado.gov.co/senado/basedoc/constitucion_politica_1991_pr005.html#176">"Constitución Política de 1991 (Artículo 176)"</a>. Secretaría General del Senado.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constituci%C3%B3n+Pol%C3%ADtica+de+1991+%28Art%C3%ADculo+176%29&rft.pub=Secretar%C3%ADa+General+del+Senado&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.secretariasenado.gov.co%2Fsenado%2Fbasedoc%2Fconstitucion_politica_1991_pr005.html%23176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongress+of+Colombia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-leg.proc.-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-leg.proc._11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leg.proc._11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leg.proc._11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.camara.gov.co/portal2011/proceso-y-tramite-legislativo/como-se-tramita-una-ley">"¿Cómo se tramita una ley?"</a>. <i>Cámara de Representantes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=C%C3%A1mara+de+Representantes&rft.atitle=%C2%BFC%C3%B3mo+se+tramita+una+ley%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.camara.gov.co%2Fportal2011%2Fproceso-y-tramite-legislativo%2Fcomo-se-tramita-una-ley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongress+of+Colombia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senado.gov.co/">Senate of Colombia</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190824222503/http://www.camara.gov.co/">Chamber of Representatives of Colombia</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.congresovisible.org/">Congreso Visible</a>, independent oversight of Congress by the <a href="/wiki/Universidad_de_los_Andes_(Colombia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidad de los Andes (Colombia)">Universidad de los Andes</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_Related_to_the_Congress_of_Colombia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_Related_to_the_Congress_of_Colombia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles Related to the Congress of Colombia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Colombia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Colombia_topics" title="Template:Colombia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Colombia_topics" title="Template talk:Colombia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Colombia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Colombia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Colombia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Colombia-related_articles" title="Index of Colombia-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Colombia" title="History of Colombia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Colombian_history" title="Timeline of Colombian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Colombia" title="Indigenous peoples in Colombia">Indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_Confederation" title="Muisca Confederation">Muisca Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Muisca" title="Spanish conquest of the Muisca">Spanish conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Granada" title="New Kingdom of Granada">Kingdom of New Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Granada" title="Viceroyalty of New Granada">Viceroyalty of New Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foolish_Fatherland" class="mw-redirect" title="Foolish Fatherland">Foolish Fatherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_New_Granada" title="United Provinces of New Granada">United Provinces of New Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Military career of Simón Bolívar">Military career of Simón Bolívar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_American_wars_of_independence" title="Spanish American wars of independence">Wars of independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Colombia" title="Gran Colombia">Gran Colombia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Reunification_of_Gran_Colombia" title="Reunification of Gran Colombia">reunification</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_New_Granada" title="Republic of New Granada">Republic of New Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granadine_Confederation" title="Granadine Confederation">Granadine Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Colombia" title="United States of Colombia">United States of Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Republic of Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Civil_War_of_1895" title="Colombian Civil War of 1895">Colombian Civil War of 1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Days%27_War" title="Thousand Days' War">Thousand Days' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_Panama_from_Colombia" title="Separation of Panama from Colombia">Separation of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93Peru_War" title="Colombia–Peru War">Colombia–Peru War (Leticia Incident)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia_during_World_War_II" title="Colombia during World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Violencia" title="La Violencia">La Violencia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(Colombia)" title="National Front (Colombia)">National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_conflict" title="Colombian conflict">Current internal armed conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_peace_process" title="Colombian peace process">Colombian peace process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Colombia" title="Geography of Colombia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_of_Colombia" title="Biodiversity of Colombia">Biodiversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Colombia" title="Fauna of Colombia">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Colombia" title="Flora of Colombia">Flora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Colombia" title="Climate of Colombia">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Colombia" title="Geology of Colombia">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountain_ranges_of_Colombia" title="Category:Mountain ranges of Colombia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_of_Colombia" title="Category:Islands of Colombia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Colombia" title="List of rivers of Colombia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valleys_and_Plateaus_of_Colombia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valleys and Plateaus of Colombia (page does not exist)">Valleys and Plateaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Colombia" title="List of national parks of Colombia">National parks <span style="font-size:85%;">(Protected Areas)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Colombia" title="List of cities and towns in Colombia">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_hazards_in_Colombia" title="Natural hazards in Colombia">Natural hazards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Colombia" title="Environmental issues in Colombia">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_invasive_species_in_Colombia" title="List of invasive species in Colombia">Invasive species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Colombia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Colombia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_regions_of_Colombia" title="Natural regions of Colombia">Natural regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_natural_region" title="Amazon natural region">Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_natural_region" title="Andean natural region">Andean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_natural_region" title="Caribbean natural region">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_region_of_Colombia" title="Insular region of Colombia">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orinoqu%C3%ADa_natural_region" title="Orinoquía natural region">Orinoquía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific/Choc%C3%B3_natural_region" title="Pacific/Chocó natural region">Pacific/Chocó</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Colombia" title="Administrative divisions of Colombia">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Colombia" title="Departments of Colombia">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Colombia" title="Municipalities of Colombia">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_areas_of_Colombia" title="Metropolitan areas of Colombia">Metropolitan areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Capital District</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Corregimientos_of_Colombia" title="Corregimientos of Colombia">Corregimientos</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_territory_(Colombia)" title="Indigenous territory (Colombia)">Indigenous territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Colombia" title="Politics of Colombia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Colombia" title="List of political parties in Colombia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Colombia" title="Elections in Colombia">Elections</a></li> <li>Ideologies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Colombia" title="Liberalism in Colombia">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Colombia" title="Conservatism in Colombia">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism_in_Colombia" title="Communism in Colombia">Communism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Colombia" title="Government of Colombia">Governance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Constitution_of_1991" title="Colombian Constitution of 1991">Constitution</a></li> <li>Control <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Auditor_General_of_Colombia" title="Office of the Auditor General of Colombia">Auditor General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Comptroller_General_of_Colombia" title="Office of the Comptroller General of Colombia">Comptroller General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Inspector_General_of_Colombia" title="Office of the Inspector General of Colombia">Inspector General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ombudsman%27s_Office_of_Colombia" title="Ombudsman's Office of Colombia">Ombudsman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Branch_of_Colombia" title="Executive Branch of Colombia">Executive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Colombia" title="Council of Ministers of Colombia">Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_entities_of_Colombia" title="Government entities of Colombia">Government agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Colombia" title="President of Colombia">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Colombia" title="Vice President of Colombia">Vice President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Colombia" title="Foreign relations of Colombia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Colombia" title="Judiciary of Colombia">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_of_Colombia" title="National Police of Colombia">Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_Forces_of_Colombia" title="Military Forces of Colombia">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Aerospace_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian Aerospace Force">Aerospace Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Army_of_Colombia" title="National Army of Colombia">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Navy" title="Colombian Navy">Navy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Colombia" title="Economy of Colombia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Banking in Colombia">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_the_Republic_(Colombia)" title="Bank of the Republic (Colombia)">Central bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Colombia" title="List of companies of Colombia">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Colombia" title="Economic history of Colombia">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Colombia" title="Agriculture in Colombia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Colombia" title="Industry of Colombia">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_industry_of_Colombia" title="Mineral industry of Colombia">Mineral industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_peso" title="Colombian peso">Peso <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia_Stock_Exchange" title="Colombia Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Colombia" title="Science and technology in Colombia">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Colombia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Colombia" title="Taxation in Colombia">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Colombia" title="Trade unions in Colombia">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Colombia" title="Tourism in Colombia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Colombia" title="Transport in Colombia">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Colombia" title="Category:Society of Colombia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Colombia" title="Abortion in Colombia">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombians" title="Colombians">Colombians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Colombians" title="List of Colombians">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Colombia" title="Demographics of Colombia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Colombia" title="Education in Colombia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Colombia" title="Languages of Colombia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Colombia" title="Religion in Colombia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_Colombia" title="Race and ethnicity in Colombia">Race and ethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Colombia" title="Health care in Colombia">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Colombia" title="Water supply and sanitation in Colombia">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Colombia" title="Women in Colombia">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Colombia" title="Culture of Colombia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_in_Colombia" title="List of archaeological sites in Colombia">Archaeological sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Colombia" title="Architecture of Colombia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_art" title="Colombian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Colombia" title="Cinema of Colombia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_gaming_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Video gaming in Colombia">Video gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_cuisine" title="Colombian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Colombia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Colombia">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival_in_Colombia" title="Carnival in Colombia">Carnivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Colombia" title="List of festivals in Colombia">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_folklore" title="Colombian folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_handicrafts" title="Colombian handicrafts">Handicrafts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_literature" title="Colombian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Colombia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_mythology" title="Muisca mythology">Muisca mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_religion" title="Muisca religion">Muisca religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Colombia" title="Music of Colombia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theater_of_Colombia" title="Theater of Colombia">Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Colombia" title="National symbols of Colombia">National symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Colombia" title="Coat of arms of Colombia">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Colombia" title="Flag of Colombia">Flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Colombia" title="Public holidays in Colombia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Colombia" title="Freedom of religion in Colombia">Freedom of religion in Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Colombia" title="Miss Colombia">Miss Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Colombia" title="Sport in Colombia">Sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Social_issues" class="mw-redirect" title="Social issues">Issues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Colombia" title="Human rights in Colombia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Colombia" title="Intersex rights in Colombia">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Colombia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Colombia" title="Immigration to Colombia">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_Colombia" title="Emigration from Colombia">Emigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Colombia" title="Poverty in Colombia">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Colombia" title="Smoking in Colombia">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Colombia" title="Crime in Colombia">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Colombia" title="Illegal drug trade in Colombia">Drug trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Colombia" title="Corruption in Colombia">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Colombia" title="Terrorism in Colombia">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_movements_in_Colombia" title="Guerrilla movements in Colombia">Guerrilla movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_paramilitarism_in_Colombia" title="Right-wing paramilitarism in Colombia">Right-wing paramilitarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia_in_popular_culture" title="Colombia in popular culture">Colombia in popular culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Colombia" title="Outline of Colombia">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Colombia-related_articles" title="Index of Colombia-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Colombia" title="Category:Colombia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Colombia" title="Portal:Colombia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_bicameral_legislatures" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_bicameral_legislatures" title="Template:National bicameral legislatures"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_bicameral_legislatures" title="Template talk:National bicameral legislatures"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_bicameral_legislatures" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National bicameral legislatures"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_bicameral_legislatures" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">National <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislatures</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">Federal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Argentina" title="National Congress of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Parliament" title="Austrian Parliament">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Federal_Parliament" title="Belgian Federal Parliament">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Brazil" title="National Congress of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Egypt" title="Parliament of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Federal Parliamentary Assembly">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Union" title="Congress of the Union">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliament_of_Nepal" title="Federal Parliament of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Nigeria)" title="National Assembly (Nigeria)">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Russia)" title="Federal Assembly (Russia)">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia" title="Federal Parliament of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Legislature_(South_Sudan)" title="National Legislature (South Sudan)">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Legislature_(Sudan)" title="National Legislature (Sudan)">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Assembly (Switzerland)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Algeria" title="Parliament of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Bahamas" title="Parliament of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Bahrain)" title="National Assembly (Bahrain)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Barbados" title="Parliament of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus" title="National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Belize)" title="National Assembly (Belize)">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Bhutan" title="Parliament of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plurinational_Legislative_Assembly" title="Plurinational Legislative Assembly">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Burundi" title="Parliament of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cambodia" title="Parliament of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cameroon" title="Parliament of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Chile" title="National Congress of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Parliament of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Parliament of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Parliament of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Congress of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Parliament of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Eswatini" title="Parliament of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Parliament" title="French Parliament">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Gabon" title="Parliament of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Grenada" title="Parliament of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Haiti)" title="National Assembly (Haiti)">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Consultative_Assembly" title="People's Consultative Assembly">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Parliament" title="Italian Parliament">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Ivory_Coast" title="Parliament of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Jamaica" title="Parliament of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Diet" title="National Diet">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Jordan" title="Parliament of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kazakhstan" title="Parliament of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kenya" title="Parliament of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Lesotho" title="Parliament of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_Liberia" title="Legislature of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Madagascar" title="Parliament of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Morocco" title="Parliament of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyidaungsu_Hluttaw" title="Pyidaungsu Hluttaw">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Namibia" title="Parliament of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Oman" title="Council of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau_National_Congress" title="Palau National Congress">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Paraguay" title="Congress of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="Congress of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Poland" title="Parliament of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Romania" title="Parliament of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Rwanda" title="Parliament of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Parliament of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Parliament" title="Slovenian Parliament">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Africa" title="Parliament of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Assembly_(Tajikistan)" title="Supreme Assembly (Tajikistan)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Thailand)" title="National Assembly (Thailand)">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Turkmenistan" title="National Council of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_Uruguay" title="General Assembly of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliy_Majlis" title="Oliy Majlis">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Zimbabwe" title="Parliament of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent and<br />other territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Fono" title="American Samoa Fono">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Bermuda" title="Parliament of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tynwald" title="Tynwald">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands_Commonwealth_Legislature" title="Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Legislature">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">Non-UN states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Somaliland" title="Parliament of Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Venezuela" title="Congress of Venezuela">Venezuela (1811-1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Congress" title="Confederate States Congress">Confederate States (1862–1865)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Czechoslovakia)" title="National Assembly (Czechoslovakia)">Czechoslovakia (1920–1939)</a> <a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Czechoslovakia)" title="Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia)">(1969–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riigikogu#Division" title="Riigikogu">Estonia (1938–1940)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Serbia#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Assembly of Serbia">Serbia (1901–1903)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union (1938–1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Republic_of_Texas" title="Congress of the Republic of Texas">Texas (1836–1845)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Yugoslavia" title="Assembly of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia (1931–1939, 1945–1963, 1974–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Serbia and Montenegro">FR Yugoslavia (1992–2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire (1876–1878, 1908–1920)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">Unicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricameralism" title="Tricameralism">Tricameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multicameralism" title="Multicameralism">Multicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legislatures_by_country" title="List of legislatures by country">List of legislatures by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_unicameral_legislatures" title="Template:National unicameral legislatures">National unicameral legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_lower_houses" title="Template:National lower houses">National lower houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_upper_houses" title="Template:National upper houses">National upper houses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Legislatures_in_South_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Legislatures_in_South_America" title="Template:Legislatures in South America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Legislatures_in_South_America" title="Template talk:Legislatures in South America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Legislatures_in_South_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Legislatures in South America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Legislatures_in_South_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislatures</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_American_Parliament" title="South American Parliament">South America</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Argentina" title="National Congress of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plurinational_Legislative_Assembly" title="Plurinational Legislative Assembly">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Brazil" title="National Congress of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Chile" title="National Congress of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Ecuador)" title="National Assembly (Ecuador)">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Guyana)" title="National Assembly (Guyana)">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Paraguay" title="Congress of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Republic_of_Peru" title="Congress of the Republic of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Suriname)" title="National Assembly (Suriname)">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_Uruguay" title="General Assembly of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Venezuela)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly (Venezuela)">Venezuela</a><br /></li></ul> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Aruba" title="Parliament of Aruba">Aruba</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Parliament of Curaçao">Curaçao</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of France">France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_French_Guiana" title="Assembly of French Guiana">French Guiana</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_America.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Legislatures South America"><img alt="Legislatures South America" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/South_America.svg/40px-South_America.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/South_America.svg/60px-South_America.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/South_America.svg/80px-South_America.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="454" data-file-height="608" /></a><figcaption>Legislatures South America</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_legislative_bodies_of_the_Americas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Legislatures_of_the_Americas" title="Template:Legislatures of the Americas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Legislatures_of_the_Americas" title="Template talk:Legislatures of the Americas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Legislatures_of_the_Americas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Legislatures of the Americas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_legislative_bodies_of_the_Americas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">National legislative bodies of the Americas</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Argentina" title="National Congress of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Bahamas" title="Parliament of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Barbados" title="Parliament of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Belize)" title="National Assembly (Belize)">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plurinational_Legislative_Assembly" title="Plurinational Legislative Assembly">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Brazil" title="National Congress of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Chile" title="National Congress of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Costa_Rica" title="Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_People%27s_Power" title="National Assembly of People's Power">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_of_Dominica" title="House of Assembly of Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Congress of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Ecuador)" title="National Assembly (Ecuador)">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_El_Salvador" title="Legislative Assembly of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Parliament" title="French Parliament">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Grenada" title="Parliament of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Guatemala" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Guyana)" title="National Assembly (Guyana)">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Haiti)" title="National Assembly (Haiti)">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Honduras" title="National Congress of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Jamaica" title="Parliament of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Union" title="Congress of the Union">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Nicaragua)" title="National Assembly (Nicaragua)">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Panama)" title="National Assembly (Panama)">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Paraguay" title="Congress of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Republic_of_Peru" title="Congress of the Republic of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis)" title="National Assembly (Saint Kitts and Nevis)">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Parliament of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="House of Assembly of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Suriname)" title="National Assembly (Suriname)">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_Uruguay" title="General Assembly of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Venezuela)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly (Venezuela)">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Americas_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other <a href="/wiki/Territory" title="Territory">territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_(Anguilla)" title="House of Assembly (Anguilla)">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estates_of_Aruba" class="mw-redirect" title="Estates of Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Bermuda" title="Parliament of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="House of Assembly of the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Parliament of the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estates_of_Cura%C3%A7ao" class="mw-redirect" title="Estates of Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Montserrat" title="Legislative Assembly of Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Council_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Territorial Council of Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Council_of_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Territorial Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estates_of_Sint_Maarten" class="mw-redirect" title="Estates of Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_(Turks_and_Caicos_Islands)" title="House of Assembly (Turks and Caicos Islands)">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_the_Virgin_Islands" title="Legislature of the Virgin Islands">US Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" 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