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De fyra apostlarna – Wikipedia
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Tillgänglig på 22 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Чатыры апосталы – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чатыры апосталы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cty%C5%99i_apo%C5%A1tolov%C3%A9" title="Čtyři apoštolové – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čtyři apoštolové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_vier_Apostel" title="Die vier Apostel – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Die vier Apostel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Four_Apostles" title="The Four Apostles – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="The Four Apostles" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_cuatro_ap%C3%B3stoles" title="Los cuatro apóstoles – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Los cuatro apóstoles" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_kvar_Apostoloj" title="La kvar Apostoloj – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="La kvar Apostoloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lau_Apostoluak" title="Lau Apostoluak – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lau Apostoluak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Quatre_Ap%C3%B4tres" title="Les Quatre Apôtres – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Les Quatre Apôtres" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BD_%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A8" title="Չորս առաքյալները – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չորս առաքյալները" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cetiri_apostola" title="Četiri apostola – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Četiri apostola" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quattro_Apostoli" title="Quattro Apostoli – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Quattro Apostoli" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Четворицата апостоли – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Четворицата апостоли" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%87" title="الرسل الاربعه – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الرسل الاربعه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%AE%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92" title="四人の使徒 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="四人の使徒" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czterej_Aposto%C5%82owie" title="Czterej Apostołowie – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czterej Apostołowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quatro_Ap%C3%B3stolos_(D%C3%BCrer)" title="Quatro Apóstolos (Dürer) – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Quatro Apóstolos (Dürer)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Четыре апостола – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Четыре апостола" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0tirje_apostoli" title="Štirje apostoli – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Štirje apostoli" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Четири апостола – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Четири апостола" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cetiri_apostola" title="Četiri apostola – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Četiri apostola" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чотири апостоли – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чотири апостоли" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92" title="四使徒 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="四使徒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q829270#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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1em;padding:.2em;float:right;clear:right;width:22em;text-align:left;font-size:88%;line-height:1.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:top;padding:0 .2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton button,.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton .mw-collapsible-text{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th{border:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography{border:1px solid #ccd2d9;text-align:left;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:3px;"><caption class="" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold;"><i>De fyra apostlarna</i></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Vier_Apostel_(Albrecht_Duerer).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Vier_Apostel_%28Albrecht_Duerer%29.jpg/300px-Vier_Apostel_%28Albrecht_Duerer%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Vier_Apostel_%28Albrecht_Duerer%29.jpg/450px-Vier_Apostel_%28Albrecht_Duerer%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Vier_Apostel_%28Albrecht_Duerer%29.jpg/600px-Vier_Apostel_%28Albrecht_Duerer%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2174" data-file-height="2472" /></a></span> </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Konstnär</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer" title="Albrecht Dürer">Albrecht Dürer</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:beige;font-size:1.05em;">Basfakta</th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Tillkomstår</th><td class="" style="">1526</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Typ</th><td class="" style="">Olja på pannå (<a href="/wiki/Lind" title="Lind">lindträ</a>)</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Mått (h×b)</th><td class="" style="">212 × 76 cm (var och en för sig)</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Plats</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Alte_Pinakothek" title="Alte Pinakothek">Alte Pinakothek</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München">München</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>De fyra apostlarna</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Tyska" title="Tyska">tyska</a>: <span lang="de"><i>Die vier Apostel</i></span>) är en <a href="/wiki/Diptyk" title="Diptyk">diptyk</a> av den tyske <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A4ssansens_konst" title="Renässansens konst">renässanskonstnären</a> <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer" title="Albrecht Dürer">Albrecht Dürer</a>. De två <a href="/wiki/Oljem%C3%A5leri" title="Oljemåleri">oljemålningarna</a> färdigställdes 1526 och tillhör därmed de sista Dürer målade innan han avled 1528. </p><p>Målningarna porträtterar <a href="/wiki/Johannes_(apostel)" title="Johannes (apostel)">Johannes</a> och <a href="/wiki/Petrus" title="Petrus">Petrus</a> (den vänstra bilden) samt <a href="/wiki/Markus_(evangelist)" title="Markus (evangelist)">Markus</a> och <a href="/wiki/Paulus" title="Paulus">Paulus</a> (högra bilden). Titeln är inte helt korrekt eftersom <a href="/wiki/Evangelisterna" title="Evangelisterna">evangelisten</a> Markus faktiskt inte var en av Jesu tolv <a href="/wiki/Apostel" title="Apostel">apostlar</a> (ej heller Paulus var ursprunglig lärjunge). Tavlorna tillhör de större Dürer utförde – var och en är 212 cm hög och 76 cm bred – och porträtten som tar upp större delen av bilden är därmed i övernaturlig storlek. Apostlarna avtecknar sig psykologiskt karakteriserade och utformade med skulptural kraft mot en svart fond. De identifieras på sina <a href="/wiki/Attribut_(symbol)" title="Attribut (symbol)">attribut</a>: öppen bok (Johannes), nycklar (Petrus), skriftrulle (Markus) och svärd och igenslagen bok (Paulus). De fyra gestalterna förkroppsligar också de fyra <a href="/wiki/Temperament" title="Temperament">temperamenten</a>: sangvinisk (Johannes), flegmatisk (Petrus), kolerisk (Markus) och melankolisk (Paulus). </p><p>Dürer föddes i <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCrnberg" title="Nürnberg">Nürnberg</a> där han var bosatt större delen av sitt liv med undantag för <a href="/wiki/Ges%C3%A4llvandring" title="Gesällvandring">gesällvandring</a> och ett antal resor till bland annat Italien och Nederländerna. De fyra apostlarna tillkom i Nürnberg och donerades till staden. Efter påtryckningar från <a href="/wiki/Kurfurste" title="Kurfurste">kurfurst</a> <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I_av_Bayern" title="Maximilian I av Bayern">Maximilian I av Bayern</a> tvingades staden att överlämna tavlorna 1627. Nürnbergs stadsfullmäktige försökte förhindra överlämnandet genom att påpeka att de <a href="/wiki/Lutherbibeln" title="Lutherbibeln">lutherska bibelcitaten</a> som protestanten Dürer skrivit på tyska längst ner på respektive målning riskerade väcka anstöt i det <a href="/wiki/Romersk-katolska_kyrkan" title="Romersk-katolska kyrkan">katolska</a> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München">München</a>. Kurfursten löste detta genom att sonika såga av den nedre delen med citaten och skicka dessa tillbaka till Nürnberg. Det var inte förrän 1922 som inskriptionerna återförenandes med bilderna. Trots flera försök från Nürnbergs stadsfullmäktige att återfå tavlorna har de blivit kvar i München där de är utställda på <a href="/wiki/Alte_Pinakothek" title="Alte Pinakothek">Alte Pinakothek</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_fyra_apostlarna&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_fyra_apostlarna&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFCharles2006">Charles, Victoria (2006). <i><span>1000 berömda konstverk</span></i>. Läsförlaget. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/91-7902-443-2" title="Special:Bokkällor/91-7902-443-2">ISBN 91-7902-443-2</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1000+ber%C3%B6mda+konstverk&rft.aulast=Charles&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft.au=Charles%2C+Victoria&rft.date=2006&rft.pub=L%C3%A4sf%C3%B6rlaget&rft.isbn=91-7902-443-2&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:De_fyra_apostlarna"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFBeckett1995">Beckett, Wendy (1995). <i><span>Bonniers stora bok om måleriets historia</span></i>. Stockholm: Bonnier Alba i samarbete med National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. sid. 154–155. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/91-34-51656-5" title="Special:Bokkällor/91-34-51656-5">ISBN 91-34-51656-5</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bonniers+stora+bok+om+m%C3%A5leriets+historia&rft.aulast=Beckett&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft.au=Beckett%2C+Wendy&rft.date=1995&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B154%E2%80%93155&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=Bonnier+Alba+i+samarbete+med+National+Gallery+of+Art%2C+Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.isbn=91-34-51656-5&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:De_fyra_apostlarna"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sammlung.pinakothek.de/en/artwork/apG9BRn4Zn/albrecht-duerer/vier-apostel-hll-johannes-ev-und-petrus">Alte Pinakothek: Johannes och Petrus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sammlung.pinakothek.de/en/artwork/Znxw0rvLXg">Alte Pinakothek: Markus och Paulus</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_fyra_apostlarna&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_fyra_apostlarna&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Wikimedia Commons har media som rör <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Four_Apostles_by_D%C3%BCrer" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Four Apostles by Dürer">De fyra apostlarna</a>.</li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6b786b4b4d‐hmzgl Cached time: 20241118231503 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.194 seconds Real time usage: 0.333 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3705/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 12366/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2758/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2042/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.035/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1739259/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 2/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 202.182 1 -total 47.57% 96.182 1 Mall:Konstverk 45.47% 91.926 1 Mall:Faktamall 30.89% 62.453 1 Mall:Commonscat_WD 16.67% 33.714 2 Mall:Bokref 15.54% 31.426 2 Mall:Cite_book 13.76% 27.824 2 Mall:Citation/core 4.62% 9.332 1 Mall:Lang-de 2.64% 5.344 1 Mall:LangWithName 2.30% 4.642 2 Mall:ISBN --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key svwiki:pcache:idhash:8742144-0!canonical and timestamp 20241118231503 and revision id 55469576. 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