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<div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_fyra_temperamenten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_fyra_temperamenten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>De fyra temperamenten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_fyra_temperamenten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Källor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Källor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Källor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Temperament</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 50 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="مزاج – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مزاج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperamentu" title="Temperamentu – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Temperamentu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%AC-chit" title="Khì-chit – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Khì-chit" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Темперамент – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Темперамент" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperament" title="Temperament – bayerska" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Temperament" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bayerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperament" title="Temperament – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Temperament" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperament" title="Temperament – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Temperament" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperament" title="Temperament – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Temperament" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperament" title="Temperament – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Temperament" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperamento" title="Temperamento – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Temperamento" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperamento" title="Temperamento – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Temperamento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenperamentu" title="Tenperamentu – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tenperamentu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AC_(%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="مزاج (روان‌شناسی) – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مزاج (روان‌شناسی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temp%C3%A9rament_(psychologie)" title="Tempérament (psychologie) – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tempérament (psychologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperamento" title="Temperamento – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Temperamento" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EC%A7%88_(%EC%8B%AC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99)" title="성질 (심리학) – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="성질 (심리학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D6%84" title="Խառնվածք – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խառնվածք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperament" title="Temperament – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Temperament" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperamento" title="Temperamento – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Temperamento" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperamen" title="Temperamen – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Temperamen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperamento_(psicologia)" title="Temperamento (psicologia) – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Temperamento (psicologia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%92" title="מזג – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מזג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE" title="ಮನೋಧರ್ಮ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮನೋಧರ್ಮ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Темперамент – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Темперамент" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Темперамент – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Темперамент" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperamentum" title="Temperamentum – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Temperamentum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilv%C4%93ka_temperaments" title="Cilvēka temperaments – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Cilvēka temperaments" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9rm%C3%A9rs%C3%A9klet" title="Vérmérséklet – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vérmérséklet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Темперамент – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Темперамент" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perangai" title="Perangai – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perangai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperament" title="Temperament – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Temperament" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%97%E8%B3%AA" title="気質 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="気質" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mizoj" title="Mizoj – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mizoj" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperament" title="Temperament – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Temperament" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperamento_(psicologia)" title="Temperamento (psicologia) – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Temperamento (psicologia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Темперамент – rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Темперамент" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Темперамент – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Темперамент" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperamenti" title="Temperamenti – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Temperamenti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperament" title="Temperament – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Temperament" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperament" title="Temperament – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Temperament" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Темперамент – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Темперамент" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperamentti" title="Temperamentti – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Temperamentti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Темперамент – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Темперамент" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D2%B7_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3)" title="Мизоҷ (равоншиносӣ) – tadzjikiska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Мизоҷ (равоншиносӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadzjikiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huy" title="Huy – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Huy" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Темперамент – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Темперамент" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AC_(%D8%B7%D8%A8)" title="مزاج (طب) – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مزاج (طب)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ADnh_kh%C3%AD" title="Tính khí – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tính khí" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E8%B3%AA" title="氣質 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="氣質" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E8%B4%A8_(%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6)" title="气质 (心理学) – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="气质 (心理学)" 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q80157" title="Länk till anslutet databasobjekt [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-objekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><p><b>Temperament</b> kallades i äldre <a href="/wiki/Psykologi" title="Psykologi">psykologi</a>, det vill säga <a href="/wiki/Humoralpatologi" title="Humoralpatologi">humoralpatologin</a>, arten av en människas personlighet eller sinnesstämning. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historik">Historik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperament&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Historik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperament&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Historik"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den antika temperamentsläran byggde ursprungligen på en sammanställning som den grekiske läkaren <a href="/wiki/Hippokrates" title="Hippokrates">Hippokrates</a> (460–370 f.Kr.) gjorde av filosofen <a href="/wiki/Empedokles" title="Empedokles">Empedokles</a> (490–430 f.Kr.) lära om de fyra elementen – luft, eld, vatten och jord – med sin egen teori om fyra grundläggande kroppssafter – blod, gul galla, slem och svart galla (koagulerat blod?).<sup id="cite_ref-A_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Den grekisk-romerske läkaren <a href="/wiki/Galenos" title="Galenos">Galenos</a> (130–200 e.Kr.) kopplade överskottet av dessa kroppsvätskor till olika kroppssjukdomar, och hans elever började använda modellen på beteenden och personlighetstyper på ett sätt som framgår nedan.<sup id="cite_ref-A_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Temperamentsläran påverkade medicinen in på 1800-talet. Den ryska neurologen <a href="/wiki/Pavlov" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavlov">Pavlov</a> (1849–1936) talade fortfarande om hundar med flegmatiskt eller sangviniskt nervsystem. Tanken att kroppstyper och personlighet hör ihop har förts vidare från Galenos till t. ex. <a href="/wiki/Kretschmer,_Ernst" class="mw-redirect" title="Kretschmer, Ernst">Kretschmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Sheldon" title="William Sheldon">Sheldon</a> och <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Sj%C3%B6bring" title="Henrik Sjöbring">Sjöbring</a> i modern tid men har numera inget vetenskapligt stöd, utom så tillvida att kroppsliga störningar i t. ex. hormon- och nervsystem naturligtvis påverkar psyket.<sup id="cite_ref-A_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="De_fyra_temperamenten">De fyra temperamenten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperament&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: De fyra temperamenten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperament&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: De fyra temperamenten"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I likhet med <a href="/wiki/Klassiska_element" title="Klassiska element">läran om de fyra elementen</a>, skapad av filosofen <a href="/wiki/Empedokles" title="Empedokles">Empedokles</a>, delade <a href="/wiki/Hippokrates" title="Hippokrates">Hippokrates</a> in människans temperament, knutna till varsin kroppsvätska, i de fyra slagen <i>sangviniskt</i> (blod), <i>koleriskt</i> (gul galla), <i>flegmatiskt</i> (slem) och <i>melankoliskt</i> (svart galla). </p> <ul><li>Det <i>sangviniska</i> temperamentet var livligt, växlande, sorglöst. Ordet kommer av latinets <i>sanguis</i> som betyder <a href="/wiki/Blod" title="Blod">blod</a>.</li> <li>Det <i>koleriska</i> temperamentet var hetsigt, hetlevrat. Ordet kommer av grekiska <i>chole</i> som betyder gul <a href="/wiki/Galla" title="Galla">galla</a>.</li> <li>Det <i>melankoliska</i> temperamentet var mycket känsligt, med långsam och djup reaktion. Ordet kommer av grekiska <i>melano chole</i> som betyder svart galla. Se även <a href="/wiki/Melankoli" title="Melankoli">melankoli</a>.</li> <li>Det <i>flegmatiska</i> temperamentet var trögt, lugnt och sävligt, senfärdigt och föga stark i sina känslorörelser, likgiltigt. Ordet kommer av <i>flegma</i> som betyder <a href="/wiki/Slem" title="Slem">slem</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperament&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperament&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-A-1">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-A_1-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A_1-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A_1-2"><small>c</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bra_B%C3%B6ckers_lexikon" title="Bra Böckers lexikon">Bra Böckers lexikon</a>, 1980.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperament&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperament&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/15px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/23px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/30px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></span></span> Wiktionary har ett uppslag om <a href="https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/sangvinisk" class="extiw" title="wikt:sangvinisk">sangvinisk</a>.<div class="interProject wiktionary" style="display:none;"><a href="https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/sangvinisk" class="extiw" title="wikt:sangvinisk">Ordbok</a></div></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/15px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/23px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/30px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></span></span> Wiktionary har ett uppslag om <a href="https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/kolerisk" class="extiw" title="wikt:kolerisk">kolerisk</a>.<div class="interProject wiktionary" style="display:none;"><a href="https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/kolerisk" class="extiw" title="wikt:kolerisk">Ordbok</a></div></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/15px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/23px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/30px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></span></span> Wiktionary har ett uppslag om <a href="https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/melankolisk" class="extiw" title="wikt:melankolisk">melankolisk</a>.<div class="interProject wiktionary" style="display:none;"><a href="https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/melankolisk" class="extiw" title="wikt:melankolisk">Ordbok</a></div></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/15px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/23px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/30px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></span></span> Wiktionary har ett uppslag om <a href="https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/flegmatisk" class="extiw" title="wikt:flegmatisk">flegmatisk</a>.<div class="interProject wiktionary" style="display:none;"><a href="https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/flegmatisk" class="extiw" title="wikt:flegmatisk">Ordbok</a></div></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img 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