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vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Istoric" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istoric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Istoric</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istoric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structură_atomică" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structură_atomică"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Structură atomică</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structură_atomică-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izotopi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izotopi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Izotopi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izotopi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proprietăți" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proprietăți"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Proprietăți</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Proprietăți-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Proprietăți subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Proprietăți-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Proprietăți_fizice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proprietăți_fizice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Proprietăți fizice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proprietăți_fizice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proprietăți_chimice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proprietăți_chimice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Proprietăți chimice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proprietăți_chimice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compușii_elementului" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compușii_elementului"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Compușii elementului</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Compușii_elementului-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Compușii elementului subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Compușii_elementului-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Compuși_organolitici" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compuși_organolitici"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Compuși organolitici</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compuși_organolitici-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Răspândire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Răspândire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Răspândire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Răspândire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Producere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Producere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Producere</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Producere-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Producere subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Producere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Preparare_în_laborator" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preparare_în_laborator"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Preparare în laborator</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preparare_în_laborator-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Producere_la_scară_industrială" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Producere_la_scară_industrială"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Producere la scară industrială</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Producere_la_scară_industrială-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilizare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilizare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Utilizare</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Utilizare-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Utilizare subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Utilizare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Medicină" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicină"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Medicină</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicină-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ceramică_și_sticlă" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ceramică_și_sticlă"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Ceramică și sticlă</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ceramică_și_sticlă-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acumulatori_și_baterii" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acumulatori_și_baterii"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Acumulatori și baterii</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acumulatori_și_baterii-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lubrifianți" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lubrifianți"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Lubrifianți</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lubrifianți-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metalurgie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metalurgie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Metalurgie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metalurgie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuclear" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuclear"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Nuclear</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuclear-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alte_aplicații" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alte_aplicații"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.7</span> <span>Alte aplicații</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alte_aplicații-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rolul_elementului_în_biologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rolul_elementului_în_biologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Rolul elementului în biologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rolul_elementului_în_biologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Măsuri_de_protecție_chimică" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Măsuri_de_protecție_chimică"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Măsuri de protecție chimică</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Măsuri_de_protecție_chimică-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Măsuri de protecție chimică subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Măsuri_de_protecție_chimică-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Toxicitate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toxicitate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Toxicitate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toxicitate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Bibliografie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bibliografie subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliografie_suplimentară" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie_suplimentară"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Bibliografie suplimentară</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie_suplimentară-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Litiu</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 184 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-184" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">184 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%8A%E1%89%B2%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ሊቲየም – amharică" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሊቲየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ليثيوم – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليثيوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ليتيوم – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ليتيوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ليثيوم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليثيوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="লিথিয়াম – asameză" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="লিথিয়াম" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiu" title="Litiu – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Litiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="لیتیوم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لیتیوم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – balineză" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lityo" title="Lityo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Lityo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Літый – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Літый" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82" title="Літ – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Літ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="လီတီယမ် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="လီတီယမ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="লিথিয়াম – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লিথিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%AB%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="རྡོ་རྫས། – tibetană" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྡོ་རྫས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiom" title="Litiom – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Litiom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litij" title="Litij – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Litij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Лити – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Лити" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liti" title="Liti – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Liti" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%AB_(g%C4%ADng-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86k)" title="Lī (gĭng-sṳ̆k) – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lī (gĭng-sṳ̆k)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – cebuană" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%B5%E1%8F%98%E1%8E%A5%E1%8E%BB" title="ᎵᏘᎥᎻ – cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎵᏘᎥᎻ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="لیتیۆم – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لیتیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiu" title="Litiu – corsicană" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Litiu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corsicană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithiwm" title="Lithiwm – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lithiwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="articol recomandat"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AF%CE%B8%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Λίθιο – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λίθιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liitium" title="Liitium – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Liitium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="لیتیوم – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیتیوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="articol recomandat"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – feroeză" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liitium" title="Liitium – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Liitium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liti" title="Liti – friulană" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Liti" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiam" title="Litiam – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Litiam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8B%B0" title="鋰 – chineză gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="鋰" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="chineză gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="લિથિયમ – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="લિથિયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lit%C3%A7hey" title="Litçhey – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Litçhey" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – chineză hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="chineză hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likiuma" title="Likiuma – hawaiiană" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Likiuma" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="ליתיום – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ליתיום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litij" title="Litij – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Litij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – sorabă de sus" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="sorabă de sus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lity%C3%B2m" title="Lityòm – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lityòm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADtium" title="Lítium – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lítium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Լիթիում – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լիթիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%82%D5%AB%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Ղիթիոն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ղիթիոն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lit%C3%ADn" title="Litín – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Litín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%81%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="リチウム – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リチウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/roksodna" title="roksodna – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="roksodna" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiyum" title="Litiyum – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Litiyum" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ლითიუმი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლითიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C9%A9t%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Lɩtɩyɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Lɩtɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%98" title="លីច្យូម – khmeră" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="លីច្យូម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಲಿಥಿಯಮ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲಿಥಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%ED%8A%AC" title="리튬 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리튬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%96%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%90%DB%8C%D9%8E%D9%85" title="لیٖتھِیَم – cașmiră" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="لیٖتھِیَم" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="cașmiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AEty%C3%BBm" title="Lîtyûm – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Lîtyûm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithiom" title="Lithiom – cornică" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Lithiom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littio" title="Littio – liguriană" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Littio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litie" title="Litie – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Litie" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – lombardă" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litu" title="Litu – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Litu" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%A1" title="ລິທຽມ – laoțiană" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ລິທຽມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litis" title="Litis – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Litis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litijs" title="Litijs – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Litijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Лити – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Лити" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liti%C3%B4ma" title="Litiôma – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Litiôma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Литиум – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Литиум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ലിഥിയം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലിഥിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Лити – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Лити" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%9D" title="ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯝ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯝ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="လီသီယမ် – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လီသီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_(element)" title="Lithium (element) – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lithium (element)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liti" title="Liti – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Liti" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiyeemii" title="Litiyeemii – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Litiyeemii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A5%E0%AC%BF%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%AE" title="ଲିଥିୟମ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଲିଥିୟମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – osetă" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਲਿਥੀਅਮ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਿਥੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lit" title="Lit – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lit" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%85" title="لیتھیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لیتھیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AF%CE%B8%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Λίθιον – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Λίθιον" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ليتيوم – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ليتيوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADtio" title="Lítio – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lítio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lityu" title="Lityu – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Lityu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – aromână" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromână" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="लीथियम् – sanscrită" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="लीथियम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrită" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Литиум – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Литиум" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A2" title="ᱞᱤᱛᱷᱤᱭᱚᱢ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱞᱤᱛᱷᱤᱭᱚᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ACtiu" title="Lìtiu – sardiniană" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Lìtiu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ACtiu" title="Lìtiu – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lìtiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%BF%D9%8A%D8%A6%D9%85" title="لٿيئم – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لٿيئم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litij" title="Litij – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Litij" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alityum" title="Alityum – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Alityum" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A" title="ලිතියම් – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලිතියම්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADtium" title="Lítium – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lítium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litij" title="Litij – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Litij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liithiyaam" title="Liithiyaam – somaleză" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Liithiyaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiumi" title="Litiumi – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Litiumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Литијум – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Литијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithi" title="Lithi – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lithi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lit" title="Lit – sileziană" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Lit" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="sileziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இலித்தியம் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இலித்தியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="లిథియం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లిథియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="ลิเทียม – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลิเทียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lityo" title="Lityo – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lityo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lityum" title="Lityum – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lityum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithyamu" title="Lithyamu – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Lithyamu" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%89%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%8A" title="لىتىي – uigură" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="لىتىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigură" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Літій – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Літій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%85" title="لتھیم – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لتھیم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiy" title="Litiy – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Litiy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – venetă" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litii" title="Litii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Litii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithi" title="Lithi – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lithi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litin" title="Litin – volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Litin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiom" title="Litiom – valonă" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Litiom" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lityo" title="Lityo – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lityo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="锂" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Литион – calmucă" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Литион" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="calmucă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ლითიუმი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლითიუმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="ליטיום – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ליטיום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADt%C3%AD%E1%BB%8D%CC%80m%C3%B9" title="Lítíọ̀mù – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Lítíọ̀mù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8E" title="ⴰⵍⵉⵜⵢⵓⵎ – tamazight standard marocană" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵍⵉⵜⵢⵓⵎ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazight standard marocană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="锂" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8B%B0" title="鋰 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鋰" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8B%B0" title="鋰 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鋰" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmThanya" title="UmThanya – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmThanya" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q568#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Litiu" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie:Litiu" rel="discussion" title="Discuții despre această pagină [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">română</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Litiu"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Litiu"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Litiu" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Litiu" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fișier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&oldid=16866868" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Litiu&id=16866868&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLitiu"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLitiu"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Litiu"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Litiu&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lithium" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q568" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><div role="note" class="dezambiguizare">Pentru alte sensuri, vedeți <a href="/wiki/Lithium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithium">Lithium</a>.</div> <table class="infocaseta" cellspacing="2"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="antet stiinteexacte" style="background-color:#ff6666">Litiu </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Lithium_paraffin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lithium_paraffin.jpg/250px-Lithium_paraffin.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lithium_paraffin.jpg/330px-Lithium_paraffin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lithium_paraffin.jpg/500px-Lithium_paraffin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="333" /></a></span><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="background:#f9f9f9"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="padding-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Heliu" title="Heliu">Heliu</a> ← <b>Litiu</b> → <a href="/wiki/Beriliu" title="Beriliu">Beriliu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="valign:middle; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">H</a> </td> <td align="center" rowspan="3"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" style="border-collapse:separate;width:248px;background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;width:7px;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="border:none;width:7px;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> </td> <td colspan="14" rowspan="5" style="border:none;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Cubic-face-centered.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/60px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/65px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/86px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="109" data-file-height="126" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="9" rowspan="3" style="border:none;text-align:center;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size:10pt;border:none;padding:0;line-height:1em;background-color:transparent;"><br />3</td> <td style="font-size:16pt;border:none;padding:0;line-height:1em;background-color:transparent;"><b>Li</b></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td colspan="5" style="border:none;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Heliu" title="Heliu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="float: left; width: 5px; height: 7px; font-size: 7px; line-height: 7px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;border:1px solid black"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Beriliu" title="Beriliu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Bor_(element)" title="Bor (element)"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Azot" title="Azot"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Oxigen" title="Oxigen"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffff99;"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Sodiu" title="Sodiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Magneziu" title="Magneziu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminiu" title="Aluminiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Siliciu" title="Siliciu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Sulf" title="Sulf"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffff99;"><a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Potasiu" title="Potasiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Calciu" title="Calciu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Scandiu" title="Scandiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Titan" title="Titan"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadiu" title="Vanadiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a 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line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Uraniu" title="Uraniu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Neptuniu" title="Neptuniu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Plutoniu" title="Plutoniu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Americiu" title="Americiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Curiu" title="Curiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Berkeliu" title="Berkeliu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Californiu" title="Californiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteiniu" title="Einsteiniu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Fermiu" title="Fermiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Mendeleeviu" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendeleeviu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Nobeliu" title="Nobeliu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Lawren%C8%9Biu" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrențiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordiu" title="Rutherfordiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Dubniu" title="Dubniu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgiu" title="Seaborgiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Bohriu" title="Bohriu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Hassiu" title="Hassiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Meitneriu" title="Meitneriu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtiu" title="Darmstadtiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgeniu" title="Roentgeniu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Coperniciu" title="Coperniciu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Ununtriu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununtriu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Fleroviu" title="Fleroviu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#E8E8E8;"><a href="/wiki/Ununpentiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununpentiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Livermoriu" title="Livermoriu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#fcfecc;"><a href="/wiki/Ununseptiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununseptiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Ununoctiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununoctiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="valign:middle; text-align:center;"><b>Li</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="valign:middle; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sodiu" title="Sodiu">Na</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="padding-top:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor" title="Tabelul periodic al elementelor">Tabelul complet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor_(extins)" title="Tabelul periodic al elementelor (extins)">Tabelul extins</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#ff6666; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Informații generale </th></tr> <tr> <td width="60%"><a href="/wiki/Lista_elementelor_chimice_dup%C4%83_nume" title="Lista elementelor chimice după nume">Nume</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor" title="Tabelul periodic al elementelor">Simbol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Num%C4%83r_atomic" title="Număr atomic">Număr</a> </td> <td width="40%">Litiu, Li, 3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Serie_chimic%C4%83" title="Serie chimică">Serie chimică</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalin" title="Metal alcalin">metale alcaline</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grupele_tabelului_periodic" class="mw-redirect" title="Grupele tabelului periodic">Grupă</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perioadele_tabelului_periodic" class="mw-redirect" title="Perioadele tabelului periodic">Perioadă</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blocurile_tabelului_periodic" class="mw-redirect" title="Blocurile tabelului periodic">Bloc</a> </td> <td>1, 2, s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Densitate" title="Densitate">Densitate</a> </td> <td>535 <a href="/wiki/Kilogram_pe_metru_cub" title="Kilogram pe metru cub">kg/m³</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Culoare" title="Culoare">Culoare</a> </td> <td>alb-argintiu/gri </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Num%C4%83r_CAS" class="mw-redirect" title="Număr CAS">Număr CAS</a> </td> <td>7439-93-2 </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Num%C4%83r_EINECS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Număr EINECS — pagină inexistentă">Număr EINECS</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#ff6666; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Proprietăți atomice </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mas%C4%83_atomic%C4%83" title="Masă atomică">Masă atomică</a> </td> <td>6,941 <a href="/wiki/Unitate_atomic%C4%83_de_mas%C4%83" title="Unitate atomică de masă">u</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Raz%C4%83_atomic%C4%83" title="Rază atomică">Rază atomică</a> </td> <td>145 (167) <a href="/wiki/Picometru" title="Picometru">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Raz%C4%83_de_covalen%C8%9B%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Rază de covalență">Rază de covalență</a> </td> <td>134 <a href="/wiki/Picometru" title="Picometru">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Raz%C4%83_van_der_Waals" title="Rază van der Waals">Rază van der Waals</a> </td> <td>182 <a href="/wiki/Picometru" title="Picometru">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Configura%C8%9Bie_electronic%C4%83" title="Configurație electronică">Configurație electronică</a> </td> <td>[He]2s<sup>1</sup>, 1s<sup>2</sup>2s<sup>1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">Electroni</a> pe <a href="/wiki/Nivel_de_energie" title="Nivel de energie">nivelul de energie</a> </td> <td>2, 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Num%C4%83r_de_oxidare" title="Număr de oxidare">Număr de oxidare</a> </td> <td>+1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oxid" title="Oxid">Oxid</a> </td> <td>bază tare </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Structur%C4%83_cristalin%C4%83" title="Structură cristalină">Structură cristalină</a> </td> <td>Cubică cu fețe centrate </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#ff6666; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Proprietăți fizice </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stare_de_agregare" title="Stare de agregare">Fază ordinară</a> </td> <td>solid </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Punct_de_topire" title="Punct de topire">Punct de topire</a> </td> <td>180,5 °C ; 453,69 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Punct_de_fierbere" title="Punct de fierbere">Punct de fierbere</a> </td> <td>1 341,9 °C ; 1 615 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energie_de_fuziune&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energie de fuziune — pagină inexistentă">Energie de fuziune</a> </td> <td>3 <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energie_de_evaporare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energie de evaporare — pagină inexistentă">Energie de evaporare</a> </td> <td>145,92 <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatur%C4%83_critic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temperatură critică — pagină inexistentă">Temperatură critică</a> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presiune_critic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presiune critică — pagină inexistentă">Presiune critică</a> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unitate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pascal (unitate)">Pa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Volum_molar" title="Volum molar">Volum molar</a> </td> <td>13,02×10<sup>-6</sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metru_cub_pe_kmol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metru cub pe kmol — pagină inexistentă">m³/kmol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Presiune_de_vapori" title="Presiune de vapori">Presiune de vapori</a> </td> <td>1,63×10<sup>-8</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Viteza_sunetului" title="Viteza sunetului">Viteza sunetului</a> </td> <td>6150 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metru_pe_secund%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metru pe secundă — pagină inexistentă">m/s</a> la 20 <a href="/wiki/Grad_Celsius" class="mw-redirect" title="Grad Celsius">°C</a> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td>Forță <a href="/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet">magnetică</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#ff6666; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Informații diverse </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Electronegativitate" title="Electronegativitate">Electronegativitate</a> <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Scara_lui_Pauling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scara lui Pauling — pagină inexistentă">Pauling</a>)</small> </td> <td>0,98 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Capacitate_termic%C4%83_masic%C4%83" title="Capacitate termică masică">Capacitate termică masică</a> </td> <td>3582 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joule_pe_kilogram-kelvin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joule pe kilogram-kelvin — pagină inexistentă">J/(kg·K)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Conductivitate_electric%C4%83" title="Conductivitate electrică">Conductivitate electrică</a> </td> <td>10,8×10<sup>6</sup> <a href="/wiki/Siemens_(unitate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siemens (unitate)">S</a>/m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Conductivitate_termic%C4%83" title="Conductivitate termică">Conductivitate termică</a> </td> <td>84,7 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Watt_pe_metru-kelvin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Watt pe metru-kelvin — pagină inexistentă">W/(m·K)</a> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure520,2"> <td>Prima <a href="/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare">energie de ionizare</a> </td> <td>520,2 <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure7298,1"> <td>A 2-a <a href="/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare">energie de ionizare</a> </td> <td>7298,1 <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure"> <td>A 3-a <a href="/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare">energie de ionizare</a> </td> <td>{{{potențial_de_ionizare_3}}} <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure"> <td>A 4-a <a href="/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare">energie de ionizare</a> </td> <td>{{{potențial_de_ionizare_4}}} <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure"> <td>A 5-a <a href="/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare">energie de ionizare</a> </td> <td>{{{potențial_de_ionizare_5}}} <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure"> <td>A 6-a <a href="/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare">energie de ionizare</a> </td> <td>{{{potențial_de_ionizare_6}}} <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure"> <td>A 7-a <a href="/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare">energie de ionizare</a> </td> <td>{{{potențial_de_ionizare_7}}} <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure"> <td>A 8-a <a href="/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare">energie de ionizare</a> </td> <td>{{{potențial_de_ionizare_8}}} <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure"> <td>A 9-a <a href="/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare">energie de ionizare</a> </td> <td>{{{potențial_de_ionizare_9}}} <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure"> <td>A 10-a <a href="/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare">energie de ionizare</a> </td> <td>{{{potențial_de_ionizare_10}}} <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#ff6666; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px; margin-top:none; margin-left:none; margin-right:none;">Cei mai stabili izotopi </th></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="padding:0px"> <table width="100%" rules="all" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#f2f2f2;"> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop">Simbol</a></td> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Abunden%C8%9B%C4%83_natural%C4%83" title="Abundență naturală">AN</a></td> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Perioad%C4%83_de_%C3%AEnjum%C4%83t%C4%83%C8%9Bire" title="Perioadă de înjumătățire">T<small>1/2</small></a></td> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Mod_de_dezintegrare" class="mw-redirect" title="Mod de dezintegrare">MD</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Energie_de_dezintegrare" title="Energie de dezintegrare">Ed</a></td> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Produsul_dezintegr%C4%83rii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Produsul dezintegrării — pagină inexistentă">PD</a></td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Electronvolt" title="Electronvolt">MeV</a></td></tr> <tr><td><sup>6</sup>Li</td><td>7,5 %</td><td colspan="4">stabil cu 3 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutroni</a></td> </tr> <tr><td><sup>7</sup>Li</td><td>92,5 %</td><td colspan="4">stabil cu 4 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutroni</a></td> </tr> <tr><td><sup>8</sup>Li</td><td><a href="/wiki/Radioizotop" title="Radioizotop">sintetic</a></td><td>0,838 s</td><td>β-</td><td>16</td><td><sup>8</sup><a href="/wiki/Beriliu" title="Beriliu">Be</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td><td> </td></tr><tr style="display:none;"> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#ff6666; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Precauții </th></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/NFPA_704" title="NFPA 704">NFPA 704</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top: 2px #ff6666 solid; font-size: 80%;"><i>Unitățile <a href="/wiki/Sistemul_interna%C8%9Bional_de_unit%C4%83%C8%9Bi" title="Sistemul internațional de unități">SI</a> și condiții de temperatură și presiune normale dacă nu s-a specificat altfel.</i> </td></tr> <tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #FFFFFF solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=edit&section=0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_Element_chimic" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16861271">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Lithium_paraffin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lithium_paraffin.jpg/250px-Lithium_paraffin.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lithium_paraffin.jpg/330px-Lithium_paraffin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lithium_paraffin.jpg/500px-Lithium_paraffin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption> Litiu</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Litiul</b> (din greacă: λίθος lithos, "piatră") este un <a href="/wiki/Element_chimic" title="Element chimic">element chimic</a> având <a href="/wiki/Simbol_chimic" title="Simbol chimic">simbolul chimic</a> <b>Li</b> și <a href="/wiki/Num%C4%83r_atomic" title="Număr atomic">numărul atomic</a> 3. Este un <a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalin" title="Metal alcalin">metal alcalin</a> de <a href="/wiki/Culoare" title="Culoare">culoare</a> <a href="/wiki/Alb" title="Alb">alb</a>-<a href="/wiki/Argint" title="Argint">argintie</a>, iar în condiții normale, este cel mai ușor <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a> și cel mai puțin dens solid. La fel ca toate <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metalele</a> alcaline, litiul este foarte [[|reactivitate chimică|reactiv]], se oxidează rapid în <a href="/wiki/Aer" title="Aer">aer</a> umed pierzându-și <a href="/wiki/Luciu" title="Luciu">luciul</a> și înnegrindu-se, fiind din acest motiv păstrat sub un strat de <a href="/wiki/Ulei" title="Ulei">ulei</a>. </p><p>Datorită reactivității sale înalte, litiul nu este niciodată întâlnit sub formă liberă în natură, fiind prezent sub formă de compuși ionici. Este constituent al unor minerale pegmatice și prezent totodată în apa oceanelor și obținut din saramuri și argile. Industrial litiul este produs electrolitic dintr-un amestec de <a href="/wiki/Clorur%C4%83_de_litiu" title="Clorură de litiu">clorură de litiu</a> și <a href="/wiki/Clorur%C4%83_de_potasiu" title="Clorură de potasiu">clorură de potasiu</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm/220px--Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="41" data-mwtitle="Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie?.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm&lang=de&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="de" label="Deutsch ‪(de)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm&lang=ja&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ja" label="日本語 ‪(ja)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption>Baterie cu litiu</figcaption></figure> <p>Literatura de specialitate menționează că litiul (mai ales <sup>7</sup>Li) este unul dintre puținele elemente sintetizate în urma <a href="/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang">Big Bang-ului</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, deși cantitatea lui a scăzut semnificativ. Motivele dispariției și procesele prin care litiul este produs continuă să fie unul dintre studiile importante din astronomie. </p><p>Nucleele de litiu sunt instabile, din moment ce 2 izotopi stabili de litiu întâlniți în natură au energiile de fuzionare cele mai joase per nucleon dintre toți nuclizii stabili. Datorită acesteia, litiul este elementul cel mai puțin întâlnit în Sistemul solar decât 25 din cele 32 de elemente chimice, cu toate că nucleii săi sunt foarte ușori ca masă atomică.<sup id="cite_ref-Lodders2003_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lodders2003-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Din motive asemănătoare, litiul este un material important în <a href="/wiki/Fizica_nuclear%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Fizica nucleară">fizica nucleară</a>, fiind elementul utilizat în transmutarea heliului în 1932, acțiune care a condus la prima reacție nucleară, iar deuterura de litiu-6 a fost utilizată ca și combustibil de fuziune în armele termonucleare. </p><p>Litiul și compușii săi au câteva aplicații industriale, inclusiv fabricarea sticlei termorezistente și ceramicei, lubrifianților pe bază de litiu, aditivilor utilizați în producția de fier, oțel și aluminiu, bateriilor cu litiu și acumulatoarelor litiu-ion. Aceste întrebuințări consumă mai mult de 3/4 din producția de litiu. </p><p>Cantități minuscule de litiu sunt conținute în toate organismele. Elementul nu îndeplinește vreo funcție biologică vitală, din moment ce animalele și plantele pot supraviețui fără acest metal totodată funcții non-vitale nefiind excluse. Ionul de litiu Li+ administrat ca și orice sare al acestui metal s-a dovedit a fi util ca și medicament de stabilizare al bolnavilor cu <a href="/wiki/Tulburare_bipolar%C4%83" title="Tulburare bipolară">tulburare bipolară</a>, datorită efectelor neurologice ale ionului asupra organismului uman. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istoric">Istoric</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istoric" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Istoric"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Arfwedson_Johan_A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Arfwedson_Johan_A.jpg/220px-Arfwedson_Johan_A.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Arfwedson_Johan_A.jpg/330px-Arfwedson_Johan_A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Arfwedson_Johan_A.jpg/440px-Arfwedson_Johan_A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="509" /></a><figcaption>Johan August Arfwedson este creditat ca fiind descoperitorul litiului în 1817</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petalit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petalit — pagină inexistentă">Petalitul</a> (LiAlSi<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>) a fost descoperit în anul 1800 de către chimistul brazilian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Bonif%C3%A1cio_de_Andrada_e_Silva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva — pagină inexistentă">José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva</a> într-o mină de pe insula <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ut%C3%B6,_Suedia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Utö, Suedia — pagină inexistentă">Utö, Suedia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mindat_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindat-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-webelementshistory_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webelementshistory-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-discovery_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-discovery-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cu toate acestea, abia in 1817 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_August_Arfwedson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johan August Arfwedson — pagină inexistentă">Johan August Arfwedson</a> va descoperi prezența unui nou element în timp ce analiza minereul de petalit în laboratorul lui <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jakob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius">Jöns Jakob Berzelius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-berzelius_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berzelius-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-uwis_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uwis-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vanderkrogt_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vanderkrogt-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Acest element forma compuși asemănători celor ai sodiului și potasiului, deși carbonatul de litiu și hidroxidul de litiu erau mai puțin solubile în apă și mult mai alcaline.<sup id="cite_ref-compounds_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-compounds-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Berzelius numise materialul alcalin "<i>lithion</i>/<i>lithina</i>", din grecescul <i>λιθoς</i> (<i>lithos</i>, însemnând "piatră"), sugerând descoperirea sa într-un material solid, spre deosebire de potasiul descoperit în cenușa plantelor și sodiul care este foarte abundent în sângele animalelor. Ulterior va numi metalul din interiorul materialului solid "<i>lithium</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-krebs_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-krebs-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-webelementshistory_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webelementshistory-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vanderkrogt_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vanderkrogt-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, iar Arfwedson va demonstra că spodumenul și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lepidolit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lepidolit — pagină inexistentă">lepidolitul</a> de asemenea conțin litiu.<sup id="cite_ref-webelementshistory_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webelementshistory-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>În 1818, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Gmelin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Gmelin — pagină inexistentă">Christian Gmelin</a> era primul care observa că sărurile de litiu pot fi detectate dacă o flacără are culoarea roșie în contact cu acestea.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-webelementshistory_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webelementshistory-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cu toate acestea, Arfwedson și Gmelin încercaseră (fără succes) să izoleze elementul pur din sărurile acestuia.<sup id="cite_ref-webelementshistory_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webelementshistory-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vanderkrogt_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vanderkrogt-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eote_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eote-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elementul a fost izolat abia în 1821, când <a href="/wiki/William_Thomas_Brande" title="William Thomas Brande">William Thomas Brande</a> obținea litiul prin electroliza oxidului de litiu, proces care a fost utilizat în trecut de către Sir <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a> să izoleze potasiul și sodiul.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-emsley_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emsley-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eote_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eote-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brande a descris unele săruri pure ale litiului, precum clorura de litiu și, folosindu-se de estimarea conținutului de litiu din oxidul său (55% metal), a estimat masa atomică a metalului ca fiind în jurul valorii de 9.8 g/mol (valoarea modernă ~6.94 g/mol).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>În 1855, litiul a fost produs în cantități mai mari prin electroliza clorurii de litiu, de către <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bunsen" title="Robert Bunsen">Robert Bunsen</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustus_Matthiessen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustus Matthiessen — pagină inexistentă">Augustus Matthiessen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-webelementshistory_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webelementshistory-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Descoperirea acestui procedeu a condus la producția litiului în scop comercial, începând cu anul 1923, de către compania germană <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metallgesellschaft_AG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metallgesellschaft AG — pagină inexistentă">Metallgesellschaft AG</a>, care au realizat electroliza unui amestec lichid de clorură de litiu și clorură de potasiu.<sup id="cite_ref-webelementshistory_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webelementshistory-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structură_atomică"><span id="Structur.C4.83_atomic.C4.83"></span>Structură atomică</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Structură atomică" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Structură atomică"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Electron_shell_003_Lithium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Electron_shell_003_Lithium.svg/220px-Electron_shell_003_Lithium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Electron_shell_003_Lithium.svg/330px-Electron_shell_003_Lithium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Electron_shell_003_Lithium.svg/440px-Electron_shell_003_Lithium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="860" /></a><figcaption>Modelul planetar al atomului de litiu</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Structur%C4%83_atomic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Structură atomică">Structura atomului</a> de litiu este determinată de numărul <a href="/wiki/Nucleon" title="Nucleon">nucleonilor</a> din <a href="/wiki/Nucleu_atomic" title="Nucleu atomic">nucleul atomic</a>, astfel că pentru <a href="/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop">izotopul</a> său natural, <sup>7</sup>Li, litiul are 3 <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protoni</a> și 7 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutroni</a>. Numărul neutronilor poate varia în funcție de <a href="/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop">izotop</a>. <a href="/wiki/Raz%C4%83_atomic%C4%83" title="Rază atomică">Raza atomică</a> medie este de 152 pm<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, raza ionică e de 76 pm<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, iar raza covalentă este de 134 pm<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Configurația electronică a atomului de litiu este [He]2s<sup>1</sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izotopi">Izotopi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Izotopi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Izotopi"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elementul prezintă 2 izotopi stabili: <sup>6</sup>Li și <sup>7</sup>Li; abundența lor este întâlnită în sursele naturale sub proporțiile de 7.59%, respectiv 92.41%<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Abundența cosmică a izotopilor de litiu reflectă nucleosinteza primordială, indicându-se astfel importanța geochimică și cosmochimică<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Datorită maselor diferite, izotopii de litiu sunt predispuși la separare în cadrul proceselor geologice. Diferența de masă este de aproximativ 16%, fiind cea mai înaltă valoare in cadrul elementelor ionizate termal<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Determinarea izotopică a litiului se poate face în soluție apoasă prin spectroscopie de absorbție atomică (<b>A</b>tomic <b>A</b>bsorbtion <b>S</b>pectroscopy) sau spectroscopie de emisie în flamă (<b>F</b>lame <b>E</b>mission <b>Spectroscopy</b>) utilizând linia spectrală de 670.8 nm sau, dacă este nevoie de mai multă acuratețe, spectroscopia electrotermală de absorbție atomică (<b>E'</b>lectro<b>T</b>hermal<b>A</b>tomic <b>Absorbtion</b> <b>S</b>pectroscopy) poate fi folosită<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proprietăți"><span id="Propriet.C4.83.C8.9Bi"></span>Proprietăți</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Proprietăți" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Proprietăți"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proprietăți_fizice"><span id="Propriet.C4.83.C8.9Bi_fizice"></span>Proprietăți fizice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Proprietăți fizice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Proprietăți fizice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Litiul pur este un metal foarte moale, care nu poate fi utilizat în industria uneltelor<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerat8_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerat8-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Pentru a i se mari rezistența, alte metale sunt adăugate; când este în combinație cu magneziul, cele 2 metale formează un aliaj foarte ușor și puternic, comparativ cu fierul sau cuprul. Această duritate este măsurată în scala Mohs, iar litiul prezintă duritatea 0.6 în această scală<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerat8_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerat8-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Sub flacără, litiul luminează cu flacără albă și fără eliberare de scântei și zgomot<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Densitatea litiului este de 0.534g/cm3<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerat8_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerat8-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proprietăți_chimice"><span id="Propriet.C4.83.C8.9Bi_chimice"></span>Proprietăți chimice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Proprietăți chimice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Proprietăți chimice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Litiul descompune apa; în aer se aprinde formând oxid de litiu și superoxid de litiu, Li<sub>2</sub>O. Încălzit în atmosferă de <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a> formează hidrura de litiu, LiH, care este cea mai stabilă dintre hidrurile <a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalin" title="Metal alcalin">metalelor alcaline</a>. Litiul este singurul metal alcalin care se combină direct cu <a href="/wiki/Azot" title="Azot">azotul</a> la rece, formând nitrura, Li<sub>3</sub>N; de asemenea, se combină direct la cald cu <a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">halogenii</a> formând halogenuri, LiX, cu <a href="/wiki/Sulf" title="Sulf">sulf</a>, formând sulfura, Li<sub>2</sub>S, cu <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbonul</a>, formând carbura, Li<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub>, cu <a href="/wiki/Siliciu" title="Siliciu">siliciul</a>, formând siliciura, Li<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>, etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Compușii_elementului"><span id="Compu.C8.99ii_elementului"></span>Compușii elementului</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Compușii elementului" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Compușii elementului"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compuși_organolitici"><span id="Compu.C8.99i_organolitici"></span>Compuși organolitici</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Compuși organolitici" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Compuși organolitici"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Răspândire"><span id="R.C4.83sp.C3.A2ndire"></span>Răspândire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Răspândire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Răspândire"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Litiul este al 33-lea element ca abundență pe Pământ<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, dar datorită marii lui reactivități este găsit doar sub formă de compus. Litiul se găsește în zăcăminte <a href="/wiki/Pegmatit" title="Pegmatit">pegmatitice</a>, dar se poate obține de asemenea din apa de mare și argilă; la scară industrială, litiul este izolat electrolitic dintr-o mixtură de <a href="/wiki/Clorur%C4%83_de_litiu" title="Clorură de litiu">clorură de litiu</a> și <a href="/wiki/Clorur%C4%83_de_potasiu" title="Clorură de potasiu">clorură de potasiu</a>. </p><p>Litiul se găsește foarte puțin răspândit în natură. În cantități mici însoțește potasiul și sodiul în unele roci, cum sunt <i>spodumenul</i>, un <a href="/wiki/Silicat" title="Silicat">silicat</a> de litiu și <a href="/wiki/Aluminiu" title="Aluminiu">aluminiu</a>, LiAl[SiO<sub>3</sub>]<sub>2</sub>, <i>lepidolitul</i>, un fluoro- sau hidroxo-aluminosilicat de litiu, potasiu și aluminiu, Li<sub>3</sub>K<sub>2</sub>Al<sub>3</sub>[Al(Si<sub>3</sub>O<sub>10</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(OH, F)<sub>4</sub>], <i>zinnwalditul</i>, o varietate de lepidolit cu mult <a href="/wiki/Fier" title="Fier">fier</a>, etc. Cantități mici de compuși de litiu se găsesc în unele ape minerale, în diferite plante (ca de exemplu, <a href="/wiki/Tutun" title="Tutun">tutun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sfecl%C4%83_de_zah%C4%83r" title="Sfeclă de zahăr">sfeclă de zahăr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trestie_de_zah%C4%83r" title="Trestie de zahăr">trestie de zahăr</a>), etc. </p><p>Litiul se obține, de obicei, prin <a href="/wiki/Electroliz%C4%83" title="Electroliză">electroliza</a> clorurii de litiu topite. </p><p>Este un metal moale; are cea mai mică <a href="/wiki/Densitate" title="Densitate">densitate</a> dintre metale. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Producere">Producere</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifică secțiunea: Producere" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Producere"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preparare_în_laborator"><span id="Preparare_.C3.AEn_laborator"></span>Preparare în laborator</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifică secțiunea: Preparare în laborator" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Preparare în laborator"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prepararea litiului se face prin electroliza unui amestec de clorură de litiu și clorură de potasiu<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Celula metalică de litiu este construită dintr-un înveliș de oțel cu conținut scăzut de carbon, care funcționează drept catod și un container ce conține sare fuzionată și o tijă de grafit, care funcționează ca anod. Celula este încărcată inițial cu un amestec de clorură de litiu (55%) și clorură de potasiu (45%); amestecul electrolitic se topește la aproximativ 400C, care este considerat mai jos decât punctul de topire al clorurii de litiu (610C). Încălzitori auxiliari încep să topească electrolitul pentru a se începe conducția electrică, iar în momentul când aceasta este prezentă, căldura generată de rezistența internă a celulei este suficientă pentru a menține electrolitul topit. </p><p>Litiul care este redus la nivelul catodului plutește la suprafața celulei, de unde este recoltat. Clorul produs la anod este captat și ventilat. Clorura de litiu este adăugată în celulă pentru a înlocui procentul care a fost utilizat în electroliză; în condiții normale, o asemenea celulă poate opera pentru câteva luni fără a fi oprită pentru întreținere<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Producere_la_scară_industrială"><span id="Producere_la_scar.C4.83_industrial.C4.83"></span>Producere la scară industrială</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifică secțiunea: Producere la scară industrială" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Producere la scară industrială"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Producția și utilizarea litiului a suferit câteva schimbări drastice în decursul istoriei. Metalul a fost utilizat în compoziția vaselinei utilizate în motoarele avioanelor, precum și în aplicații similare în timpul Celui de-al Doilea Război Mondial. Acest uz a fost susținut de faptul că săpunurile pe bază de litiu au un punct de topire mai înalt decât alte săpunuri pe bază de alcaline și sunt mai puțin corozive decât săpunurile pe bază de calciu. Piata redusă a acestor săpunuri a fost susținută de câteva centre miniere mici, în marea parte a Statelor Unite. </p><p>Cererea de litiu a crescut dramatic în timpul Războiului Rece prin producția armelor de fuziune nucleară. Izotopii litiului (litiu-6 și litiu-7) produc tritiu în momentul iradierii cu neutroni, fiind foarte utili pentru producția tritiului și totodată a unei forme de combustibil de fuziune utilizat în interiorul bombelor cu hidrogen, sub forma deuteridului de litiu. SUA devenise primul producător de litiu în perioada sfârșitului anilor '50 și mijlocul anilor '80. La finalul acestei perioade, depozitele de litiu erau estimate a fi de 42.000 tone de hidroxid de litiu; depozitul pierduse 75% din conținutul de litiu-6, fiind destul încât să afecteze masa atomică măsurată al litiului în multe chimicale standardizate, precum și cea a surselor naturale de litiu, care au fost contaminate de către sărurile de litiu descărcate din cadrul facilităților de separate izotopică în cadrul pânzei freatice.<sup id="cite_ref-Coplen2002_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coplen2002-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USGSCR1994_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGSCR1994-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Litiul a fost utilizat în scăderea punctului de topire al sticlei și îmbunătățirea comportamentului oxidului de aluminiu prin procesul Hall-Héroult.<sup id="cite_ref-ciuz2003_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciuz2003-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerat3_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerat3-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aceste 2 întrebuințări dominaseră piața până spre mijlocul anilor '90. Cererea de litiu pentru armele nucleare a scăzut și vânzările depozitelor pentru Departamentul de Energie au condus la reducerea prețului acestui metal<sup id="cite_ref-USGSCR1994_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGSCR1994-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Cu toate acestea, în aceeași perioadă a anilor 90', câteva companii au început extragerea litiului din saramuri, care s-au dovedit a fi surse mai puțin costisitoare decât mineritul subteran sau de suprafață. Cele mai multe mine s-au închis sau și-au concentrat activitatea spre alte materiale, deoarece doar pegmatitele puteau fi prelucrate pentru un preț competitiv. De exemplu, minele de lângă <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kings_Mountain,_Carolina_de_Nord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kings Mountain, Carolina de Nord — pagină inexistentă">Kings Mountain, Carolina de Nord</a> s-au închis înainte de începerea secolului 21. </p><p>Dezvoltarea bateriilor pe bază de ioni de litiu a crescut cererea pentru acest metal și devenise întrebuințarea dominantă în 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-USGSYB1994_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGSYB1994-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În urma valului de cereri de litiu în baterii în anii 2000, noi companii și-au dezvoltat tehnicile de extragere a metalului din saramuri, pentru a onora nivelul cererii.<sup id="cite_ref-IMR_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMR-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"> <caption>Producție (tone metrice)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (estimat de USGS) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Țara </th> <th scope="col">1991 </th> <th scope="col">1992 </th> <th scope="col">1993 </th> <th scope="col">1994 </th> <th scope="col">1995 </th> <th scope="col">1996 </th> <th scope="col">1997 </th> <th scope="col">1998 </th> <th scope="col">1999 </th> <th scope="col">2000 </th> <th scope="col">2001 </th> <th scope="col">2002 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></td> <td>6</td> <td>12</td> <td>6</td> <td>8</td> <td>8</td> <td>8</td> <td>8</td> <td>1130</td> <td>200</td> <td>200</td> <td>200</td> <td>200 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td>2720</td> <td>2860</td> <td>3560</td> <td>3570</td> <td>3700</td> <td>3700</td> <td>2800</td> <td>2100</td> <td>2200</td> <td>2400</td> <td>2400</td> <td>2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/60px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazilia" title="Brazilia">Brazilia</a></td> <td>22</td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>−</td> <td>220 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td> <td>380</td> <td>580</td> <td>590</td> <td>630</td> <td>660</td> <td>690</td> <td>1600</td> <td>700</td> <td>710</td> <td>710</td> <td>700</td> <td>700 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/40px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/60px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></td> <td>2100</td> <td>2660</td> <td>2550</td> <td>2550</td> <td>2600</td> <td>2700</td> <td>4551</td> <td>5326</td> <td>5674</td> <td>6732</td> <td>6757</td> <td>6800 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republica_Popular%C4%83_Chinez%C4%83" title="Republica Populară Chineză">China</a></td> <td>2710</td> <td>2710</td> <td>2710</td> <td>2800</td> <td>2800</td> <td>2800</td> <td>2909</td> <td>2440</td> <td>2346</td> <td>2440</td> <td>2440</td> <td>2400 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></td> <td>23</td> <td>22</td> <td>14</td> <td>36</td> <td>50</td> <td>48</td> <td>40</td> <td>28</td> <td>−</td> <td>−</td> <td>−</td> <td>− </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portugalia" title="Portugalia">Portugalia</a></td> <td>200</td> <td>185</td> <td>180</td> <td>180</td> <td>180</td> <td>160</td> <td>180</td> <td>160</td> <td>140</td> <td>140</td> <td>140</td> <td>200 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a></td> <td>1000</td> <td>900</td> <td>800</td> <td>800</td> <td>800</td> <td>800</td> <td>2000</td> <td>2000</td> <td>2000</td> <td>2000</td> <td>2000</td> <td>2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Statele_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Statele Unite ale Americii">Statele Unite ale Americii</a></td> <td>900</td> <td>900</td> <td>900</td> <td>900</td> <td>800</td> <td>800</td> <td>1070</td> <td>700</td> <td>700</td> <td>700</td> <td>700</td> <td>700 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/40px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/60px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></td> <td>180</td> <td>260</td> <td>360</td> <td>470</td> <td>520</td> <td>500</td> <td>700</td> <td>1000</td> <td>700</td> <td>740</td> <td>700</td> <td>700 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lume</td> <td>9341</td> <td>11116</td> <td>11702</td> <td>11976</td> <td>12150</td> <td>12238</td> <td>15890</td> <td>15616</td> <td>14702</td> <td>16094</td> <td>16037</td> <td>15920 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utilizare">Utilizare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifică secțiunea: Utilizare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Utilizare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Litiul și compușii săi au și alte câteva aplicații industriale, incluzând sticlă și ceramică termorezistentă, aliaje de mare rezistență și cu greutate redusă folosite în aeronautică și nu în ultimul rând baterii alcaline cu litiu. Litiul, de asemenea are un rol important în fizica nucleară: fisiunea atomilor de litiu a fost prima reacție nucleară efectuată de către omenire, și deuteriura de litiu este combustibil pentru armele termonucleare. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicină"><span id="Medicin.C4.83"></span>Medicină</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifică secțiunea: Medicină" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Medicină"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>În 1859, Garrod descrie prima utilizare medicală a litiului în cadrul tratamentelor reumatice și a gușei, menționând litiul în cadrul depresiei<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerat2_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerat2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uratul de litiu este cea mai solubilă sare a acidului uric, fiind utilizată pentru stimularea excreției de acid uric pentru atenuarea gușei<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerat2_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerat2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>În anul 1949, psihiatrul australian John F.J. Cade menționase carbonatul de litiu în cadrul tratamentelor aplicate pacienților maniaco-depresivi, fiind prima demonstrație a unui proces chimic ce putea fi utilizat pentru a estompa simptomele unei boli psihiatrice<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerat1_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerat1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Până în acel moment, singurele medicamente care ar fi avut acest efect ar fi fost narcoticele și drogurile halucinogene; nici un alt medicament nu a schimbat fundamentul proceselor patologice în rândul bolilor psihiatrice<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerat1_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerat1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Litiul devenise un instrument revoluționar deoarece permitea înțelegerea afecțiuni psihiatrice la nivel molecular și posibilitatea tratării<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerat1_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerat1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ceramică_și_sticlă"><span id="Ceramic.C4.83_.C8.99i_sticl.C4.83"></span>Ceramică și sticlă</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifică secțiunea: Ceramică și sticlă" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Ceramică și sticlă"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acumulatori_și_baterii"><span id="Acumulatori_.C8.99i_baterii"></span>Acumulatori și baterii</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifică secțiunea: Acumulatori și baterii" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Acumulatori și baterii"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lubrifianți"><span id="Lubrifian.C8.9Bi"></span>Lubrifianți</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifică secțiunea: Lubrifianți" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Lubrifianți"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metalurgie">Metalurgie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modifică secțiunea: Metalurgie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Metalurgie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nuclear">Nuclear</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modifică secțiunea: Nuclear" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Nuclear"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alte_aplicații"><span id="Alte_aplica.C8.9Bii"></span>Alte aplicații</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modifică secțiunea: Alte aplicații" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Alte aplicații"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rolul_elementului_în_biologie"><span id="Rolul_elementului_.C3.AEn_biologie"></span>Rolul elementului în biologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modifică secțiunea: Rolul elementului în biologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Rolul elementului în biologie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cantități mici de litiu se găsesc în apa oceanelor și în unele organisme vii, cu toate că s-a constatat că nu îndeplinește nici o necesitate biologică pentru organismul uman. Totuși, efectul neurologic al ionilor de litiu Li<sup>+</sup>, face ca unele săruri de litiu să fie folosite ca medicamente pentru îmbunătățirea stării de spirit. </p><p>Litiul afectează funcțiile tiroidiene, demonstrându-se fluctuații ale Tiroxinei (T4) și hormonului tirotropic (TSH) după 4 luni de tratament<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mecanismul de funcționare este obscur, însă litiul inhibă sinteza tiroxinei și eliberarea acesteia din toridă. </p><p>În urma studiului pe șobolani, s-a arătat că litiul creștea concentrația de substanță-P, neurokinina-A, peptide corelate cu calcitonină și neuropeptide-Y, însă doar după administrarea a 4mmol/kg corporal de sulfat de litiu, fiind o doză mai mare de 4 ori decât cea normală pentru om<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerat6_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerat6-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Litiul stimulează acumularea extracelulară de glutamat, având proprietăți identice cu inhibitorii de transport ai glutamatului (L-trans-pirolidina-2, 4-acid dicarboxilic și acid dihidrokainic. Acest lucru sugerează că această acumulare indusă de litiu este cauzată de inhibarea dozajului în celule<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerat6_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerat6-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Eritrocitele sunt celulele care au fost studiate cel mai mult privind transportul membranar al litiului deoarece se obțin cel mai ușor și sunt întâlnite ca și celule individuale<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerat7_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerat7-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>; totuși, doza de litiu prezentă în aceste celule nu poate fi întâlnită în aceeași măsură în cadrul altor țesuturi datorită morfologiei și metabolismului lor atipic<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerat7_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerat7-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. În ciuda acestui fapt, numeroase experimente au avut loc, determinându-se astfel 5 moduri de a transporta litiul<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerat7_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerat7-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li><i>Schimbul Na-Li</i> - Mecanismul este determinat de fluxul de litiu din celule, nereacționând în prezența g-strofantinei (ouabain), este blocat de floretin, independent de ATP și manifestă caracter de saturație<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Stoichiometria este strictă de 1:1, iar afinitatea pentru ambii cationi este mult mai mare la suprafața celulară (litiul manifestând acest caracter de 20-30 de ori mai mult decât cel al sodiului)<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. S-a demonstrat, de asemenea, ca administrarea cronică a litiului în subiecții umani conduce, în cele din urmă, la reducerea transportului litiu-sodiu în eritrocite<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><i>Schimbul anionic</i></li> <li><i>Fisura</i></li> <li><i>Pompa de ATP Na-K</i></li> <li><i>Co-transportul de Na-K</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Măsuri_de_protecție_chimică"><span id="M.C4.83suri_de_protec.C8.9Bie_chimic.C4.83"></span>Măsuri de protecție chimică</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Modifică secțiunea: Măsuri de protecție chimică" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Măsuri de protecție chimică"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Litiul metalic este extrem de inflamabil, exploziv și toxic. Prezintă reacția de autocombustie în contact cu apa, acizi și chiar și atmosfera umedă. Totodată, are rol de agent reducător care cedează un electron agenților oxidanți activi care necesită completarea stratului de valență - astfel, explicându-se reacția chimică violentă. Litiul va arde în atmosfera de azot, care este relativ stabilă<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerat5_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerat5-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Ca și mediu de depozitare, litiul trebuie păstrat într-un container cu ulei sau într-un mediu lipsit de aer și umezeală; incendiile cauzate de litiu sunt extrem de dificil de stins; datorită reacției cu apa, aceasta nu poate fi utilizată în stingerea incendiilor datorită acțiunii sale de catalizator asupra litiului. Un amestec special de substanțe sau nisip uscat este necesar pentru stingerea acestora<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerat5_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerat5-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toxicitate">Toxicitate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Modifică secțiunea: Toxicitate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Toxicitate"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Litiul este considerat a fi mult mai toxic decât celelalte metale alcaline; cu toate acestea, ingestia unei cantități mici de ioni de litiu este considerată a fi mai puțin dăunătoare atunci când o persoană are o dietă ce include sodiul în doza zilnică recomandată normală<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerat4_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerat4-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Sărurile de litiu administrate oral previn sau diminuează tulburările maniaco-depresive, administrându-se 600-1800 mg de carbonat de litiu zilnic, iar pacienții care urmează tratamente cu litiu au parte de supraveghere riguroasă (in special cei care folosesc antidepresive)<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerat5_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerat5-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Alte săruri de litiu pot fi utilizate de asemenea, iar la începutul tratamentului, unii pacienți acuză slăbiciune musculară, iritări gastro-intestinale, însă aceste simptome dispar în aproximativ o săptămână. Tratamentul îndelungat conduce la tremur al mâinilor; un alt simptom ar fi apariția ocazională a unei gușe ce se micșorează sau se dispare dacă tratamentul este întrerupt temporar<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerat4_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerat4-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Ionul de litiu nu este metabolizat în organism și nu este legat de proteine sau plasmă, însă creează un echilibru dinamic cu celelalte săruri. Este excretat în principal prin intermediul rinichilor<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerat4_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerat4-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Ingerarea unei cantități mari de săruri de litiu conduce la intoxicație cu litiu. Simptomele acesteia includ amețeală, tremur necontrolat, spasme musculare, vorbire nearticulată, inapetență, vomă și diaree. Aceasta afectează sistemul nervos central<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerat4_53-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerat4-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Nu se cunoaște un antidot specific pentru otrăvirea cu litiu, iar principala metodă de tratament este menținerea căilor aeriene libere și prevenirea infecțiilor respiratorii. Totodată, nu au fost înregistrate cazuri de dependență de litiu și nu s-au înregistrat simptome de sevraj<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small columns references-column-count references-column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3; list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Star Clusters: Saas-Fee Advanced Course 28. Lecture Notes 1998 Swiss Society ...</i>, de B.W. Carney, pagina 130</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lodders2003-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lodders2003_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Numerical data from: <cite id="CITEREFLodders2003" class="citation journal">Lodders, Katharina (<time datetime="2003-07-10">10 iulie 2003</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151107043527/http://weft.astro.washington.edu/courses/astro557/LODDERS.pdf">„Solar System Abundances and Condensation Temperatures of the Elements”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. The American Astronomical Society. <b>591</b> (2): 1220–1247. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003ApJ...591.1220L">2003ApJ...591.1220L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F375492">10.1086/375492</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://weft.astro.washington.edu/courses/astro557/LODDERS.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> la <time datetime="2015-11-07">7 noiembrie 2015</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2015-10-25">25 octombrie 2015</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.atitle=Solar+System+Abundances+and+Condensation+Temperatures+of+the+Elements&rft.volume=591&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=1220-1247&rft.date=2003-07-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F375492&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003ApJ...591.1220L&rft.aulast=Lodders&rft.aufirst=Katharina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweft.astro.washington.edu%2Fcourses%2Fastro557%2FLODDERS.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALitiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style> Graphed at <a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:SolarSystemAbundances.jpg" title="Fișier:SolarSystemAbundances.jpg">File:SolarSystemAbundances.jpg</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Bonif%C3%A1cio_de_Andrada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Bonifácio de Andrada — pagină inexistentă">D'Andraba</a> (<time datetime="1800">1800</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29658#page/256/mode/1up">„Des caractères et des propriétés de plusieurs nouveaux minérauxde Suède et de Norwège , avec quelques observations chimiques faites sur ces substances”</a>. <i>Journal de chimie et de physique</i>. <b>51</b>: 239.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+de+chimie+et+de+physique&rft.atitle=Des+caract%C3%A8res+et+des+propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9s+de+plusieurs+nouveaux+min%C3%A9rauxde+Su%C3%A8de+et+de+Norw%C3%A8ge+%2C+avec+quelques+observations+chimiques+faites+sur+ces+substances&rft.volume=51&rft.pages=239&rft.date=1800&rft.au=D%27Andraba&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F29658%23page%2F256%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALitiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mindat-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mindat_4-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindat.org/min-3171.html">„Petalite Mineral Information”</a>. Mindat.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-08-10">10 august 2009</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Petalite+Mineral+Information&rft.pub=Mindat.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindat.org%2Fmin-3171.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALitiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-webelementshistory-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-webelementshistory_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-webelementshistory_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-webelementshistory_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-webelementshistory_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-webelementshistory_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-webelementshistory_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-webelementshistory_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/lithium/history.html">„Lithium:Historical information”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-08-10">10 august 2009</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lithium%3AHistorical+information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webelements.com%2Flithium%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALitiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-discovery-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-discovery_6-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Weeks, Mary (<time datetime="2003">2003</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=SJIk9BPdNWcC"><i>Discovery of the Elements</i></a>. Whitefish, Montana, United States: Kessinger Publishing. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0-7661-3872-0" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0-7661-3872-0">0-7661-3872-0</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-08-10">10 august 2009</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discovery+of+the+Elements&rft.place=Whitefish%2C+Montana%2C+United+States&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7661-3872-0&rft.aulast=Weeks&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DSJIk9BPdNWcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALitiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Berzelius (<time datetime="1817">1817</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=kAsAAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA44">„Ein neues mineralisches Alkali und ein neues Metall”</a> [A new mineral alkali and a new metal]. <i>Journal für Chemie und Physik</i>. <b>21</b>: 44–48.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+f%C3%BCr+Chemie+und+Physik&rft.atitle=Ein+neues+mineralisches+Alkali+und+ein+neues+Metall&rft.volume=21&rft.pages=44-48&rft.date=1817&rft.au=Berzelius&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkAsAAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALitiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /> From p. 45: <i>"Herr </i>August Arfwedson<i>, ein junger sehr verdienstvoller Chemiker, der seit einem Jahre in meinem Laboratorie arbeitet, fand bei einer Analyse des Petalits von Uto's Eisengrube, einen alkalischen Bestandtheil, … Wir haben es </i>Lithion<i> genannt, um dadurch auf seine erste Entdeckung im Mineralreich anzuspielen, da die beiden anderen erst in der organischen Natur entdeckt wurden. Sein Radical wird dann Lithium genannt werden."</i> (Mr. <i>August Arfwedson</i>, a young, very meritorious chemist, who has worked in my laboratory for a year, found during an analysis of petalite from Uto's iron mine, an alkaline component … We've named it <i>lithion</i>, in order to allude thereby to its first discovery in the mineral realm, since the two others were first discovered in organic nature. Its radical will then be named "lithium".)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-berzelius-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-berzelius_8-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101007084500/http://www.chemeddl.org/collections/ptl/ptl/chemists/bios/arfwedson.html">„Johan August Arfwedson”</a>. <i>Periodic Table Live!</i>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemeddl.org/collections/ptl/ptl/chemists/bios/arfwedson.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2010-10-07">7 octombrie 2010</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-08-10">10 august 2009</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Periodic+Table+Live%21&rft.atitle=Johan+August+Arfwedson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemeddl.org%2Fcollections%2Fptl%2Fptl%2Fchemists%2Fbios%2Farfwedson.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALitiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uwis-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-uwis_9-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080605152857/http://genchem.chem.wisc.edu/lab/PTL/PTL/BIOS/arfwdson.htm">„Johan Arfwedson”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://genchem.chem.wisc.edu/lab/PTL/PTL/BIOS/arfwdson.htm">original</a> la <time datetime="2008-06-05">5 iunie 2008</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-08-10">10 august 2009</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Johan+Arfwedson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgenchem.chem.wisc.edu%2Flab%2FPTL%2FPTL%2FBIOS%2Farfwdson.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALitiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vanderkrogt-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vanderkrogt_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vanderkrogt_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vanderkrogt_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">van der Krogt, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=Li">„Lithium”</a>. Elementymology & Elements Multidict<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-10-05">5 octombrie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lithium&rft.pub=Elementymology+%26+Elements+Multidict&rft.aulast=van+der+Krogt&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felements.vanderkrogt.net%2Felement.php%3Fsym%3DLi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALitiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-compounds-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-compounds_11-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Clark, Jim (<time datetime="2005">2005</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/group1/compounds.html">„Compounds of the Group 1 Elements”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-08-10">10 august 2009</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Compounds+of+the+Group+1+Elements&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemguide.co.uk%2Finorganic%2Fgroup1%2Fcompounds.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALitiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-krebs-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-krebs_12-0">^</a></b> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="ro" dir="ltr">Eroare la citare: Etichetă <code><ref></code> invalidă; niciun text nu a fost furnizat pentru referințele numite <code>krebs</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">C. G. Gmelin (1818) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E2OTAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA238#v=onepage&q&f=false">"Von dem Lithon"</a> (On lithium) <i>Annalen der Physik</i>, <b>59</b> : 238-241. From p. 238: <i>"Es löste sich in diesem ein Salz auf, das an der Luft zerfloss, und nach Art der Strontiansalze den Alkohol mit einer purpurrothen Flamme brennen machte."</i> (There dissolved in this [solvent; namely, absolute alcohol] a salt that deliquesced in air, and in the manner of strontium salts, caused the alcohol to burn with a purple-red flame.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eote-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eote_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eote_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Enghag, Per (<time datetime="2004">2004</time>). <i>Encyclopedia of the Elements: Technical Data – History –Processing – Applications</i>. Wiley. pp. 287–300. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-3-527-30666-4" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-3-527-30666-4">978-3-527-30666-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Elements%3A+Technical+Data+%E2%80%93+History+%E2%80%93Processing+%E2%80%93+Applications&rft.pages=287-300&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-3-527-30666-4&rft.au=Enghag%2C+Per&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALitiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">William Thomas Brande, <i>A Manual of Chemistry</i>, … , 2nd ed. (London, England: John Murray, 1821), vol. 2, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ERgAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA57#v=onepage&q&f=false">pp. 57-58.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-emsley-16"><b><a href="#cite_ref-emsley_16-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Emsley, John (<time datetime="2001">2001</time>). <i>Nature's Building Blocks</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0-19-850341-5" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0-19-850341-5">0-19-850341-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nature%27s+Building+Blocks&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-19-850341-5&rft.aulast=Emsley&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALitiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Various authors (<time datetime="1818">1818</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=D_4WAAAAYAAJ">„The Quarterly journal of science and the arts”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Quarterly Journal of Science and the Arts</i>. Royal Institution of Great Britain. <b>5</b>: 338<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-10-05">5 octombrie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Quarterly+Journal+of+Science+and+the+Arts&rft.atitle=The+Quarterly+journal+of+science+and+the+arts&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=338&rft.date=1818&rft.au=Various+authors&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DD_4WAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALitiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181012054730/http://www.diracdelta.co.uk/science/source/t/i/timeline/source.html">„Timeline science and engineering”</a>. DiracDelta Science & Engineering Encyclopedia. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diracdelta.co.uk/science/source/t/i/timeline/source.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2018-10-12">12 octombrie 2018</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2008-09-18">18 septembrie 2008</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Timeline+science+and+engineering&rft.pub=DiracDelta+Science+%26+Engineering+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diracdelta.co.uk%2Fscience%2Fsource%2Ft%2Fi%2Ftimeline%2Fsource.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALitiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Brande, William Thomas; MacNeven, William James (<time datetime="1821">1821</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=zkIAAAAAYAAJ"><i>A manual of chemistry</i></a>. Long. p. 191<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-10-08">8 octombrie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+manual+of+chemistry&rft.pages=191&rft.pub=Long&rft.date=1821&rft.aulast=Brande&rft.aufirst=William+Thomas&rft.au=MacNeven%2C+William+James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DzkIAAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALitiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">R. Bunsen (1855) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uva.x002457943;view=1up;seq=517">"Darstellung des Lithiums"</a> (Preparation of lithium), <i>Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie</i>, <b>94</b> : 107-111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Green, Thomas (<time datetime="2006-06-11">11 iunie 2006</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.echeat.com/free-essay/Analysis-of-the-Element-Lithium-29195.aspx">„Analysis of the Element Lithium”</a>. echeat.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Analysis+of+the+Element+Lithium&rft.pub=echeat&rft.date=2006-06-11&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.echeat.com%2Ffree-essay%2FAnalysis-of-the-Element-Lithium-29195.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALitiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Garrett, Donald E (<time datetime="2004-04-05">5 aprilie 2004</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.de/books?id=Ua2SVcUBHZgC&pg=PA99"><i>Handbook of Lithium and Natural Calcium Chloride</i></a>. p. 99. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9780080472904" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/9780080472904">9780080472904</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Lithium+and+Natural+Calcium+Chloride&rft.pages=99&rft.date=2004-04-05&rft.isbn=9780080472904&rft.aulast=Garrett&rft.aufirst=Donald+E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.de%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUa2SVcUBHZgC%26pg%3DPA99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALitiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Physical Science editat de Saddleback Educational Publishing, pagina 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Inorganic Chemistry, pagina 164</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Periodic Table & Periodic Properties De M. Satake, pagina 33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Understanding Solids: The Science of Materials De Richard J. D. Tilley, pagina 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Handbook of Stable Isotope Analytical Techniques, Volumul 2 De Pier Anne de Groot, pagina 225</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Handbook of Stable Isotope Analytical Techniques, Volumul 2 De Pier Anne de Groot, pagina 225</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Handbook of Stable Isotope Analytical Techniques, Volumul 2 De Pier Anne de Groot, pagina 225</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Metal Ions in Biological Systems: Volume 41: Metal Ions and Their Complexes ...,editat de Astrid Sige, pagina 308</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerat8-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerat8_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerat8_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerat8_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Lithium, de Paula Johanson, Cuprins</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">annual of scientific discovery or, year-book of facts in science and art for ..., pagina 218</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">The History and Use of Our Earth's Chemical Elements: A Reference Guide De Robert E. Krebs, pagina 48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">The Chemistry of Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium and Francium ... De William A. Hart,O. F. Beumel,Thomas P. Whaley, pagina 335</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">The Chemistry of Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium and Francium ... De William A. Hart,O. F. Beumel,Thomas P. Whaley, pagina 335</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coplen2002-36"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Coplen2002_36-0">^</a></b> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="ro" dir="ltr">Eroare la citare: Etichetă <code><ref></code> invalidă; niciun text nu a fost furnizat pentru referințele numite <code>Coplen2002</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-USGSCR1994-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USGSCR1994_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USGSCR1994_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Ober, Joyce A. (<time datetime="1994">1994</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100609113707/http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/lithium/450494.pdf">„Commodity Report 1994: Lithium”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. United States Geological Survey. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/lithium/450494.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> la <time datetime="2010-06-09">9 iunie 2010</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-11-03">3 noiembrie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commodity+Report+1994%3A+Lithium&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Ober&rft.aufirst=Joyce+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Flithium%2F450494.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALitiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ciuz2003-38"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ciuz2003_38-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Deberitz, Jürgen; Boche, Gernot (<time datetime="2003">2003</time>). „Lithium und seine Verbindungen – Industrielle, medizinische und wissenschaftliche Bedeutung”. <i>Chemie in unserer Zeit</i>. <b>37</b> (4): 258. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fciuz.200300264">10.1002/ciuz.200300264</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemie+in+unserer+Zeit&rft.atitle=Lithium+und+seine+Verbindungen+%E2%80%93+Industrielle%2C+medizinische+und+wissenschaftliche+Bedeutung&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=258&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fciuz.200300264&rft.aulast=Deberitz&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rft.au=Boche%2C+Gernot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALitiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerat3-39"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerat3_39-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Bauer, Richard (<time datetime="1985">1985</time>). „Lithium – wie es nicht im Lehrbuch steht”. <i>Chemie in unserer Zeit</i>. <b>19</b> (5): 167. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fciuz.19850190505">10.1002/ciuz.19850190505</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemie+in+unserer+Zeit&rft.atitle=Lithium+%E2%80%93+wie+es+nicht+im+Lehrbuch+steht&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=167&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fciuz.19850190505&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALitiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USGSYB1994-40"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USGSYB1994_40-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Ober, Joyce A. (<time datetime="1994">1994</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100717174958/http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/lithium/myb1-2007-lithi.pdf">„Minerals Yearbook 2007 : Lithium”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. United States Geological Survey. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/lithium/myb1-2007-lithi.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> la <time datetime="2010-07-17">17 iulie 2010</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-11-03">3 noiembrie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Minerals+Yearbook+2007+%3A+Lithium&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Ober&rft.aufirst=Joyce+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Flithium%2Fmyb1-2007-lithi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALitiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMR-41"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IMR_41-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kogel, Jessica Elzea (<time datetime="2006">2006</time>). „Lithium”. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=zNicdkuulE4C&pg=PA600&lpg=PAPA599"><i>Industrial minerals & rocks: commodities, markets, and uses</i></a>. Littleton, Colo.: Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. p. 599. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-87335-233-8" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-87335-233-8">978-0-87335-233-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lithium&rft.btitle=Industrial+minerals+%26+rocks%3A+commodities%2C+markets%2C+and+uses&rft.place=Littleton%2C+Colo.&rft.pages=599&rft.pub=Society+for+Mining%2C+Metallurgy%2C+and+Exploration&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-87335-233-8&rft.aulast=Kogel&rft.aufirst=Jessica+Elzea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DzNicdkuulE4C%26pg%3DPA600%26lpg%3DPAPA599&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALitiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">McKetta, John J. (<time datetime="2007-07-18">18 iulie 2007</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=8erDL_DnsgAC&pg=PA339"><i>Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design: Volume 28 – Lactic Acid to Magnesium Supply-Demand Relationships</i></a>. M. Dekker. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-8247-2478-8" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-8247-2478-8">978-0-8247-2478-8</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-09-29">29 septembrie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Chemical+Processing+and+Design%3A+Volume+28+%E2%80%93+Lactic+Acid+to+Magnesium+Supply-Demand+Relationships&rft.pub=M.+Dekker&rft.date=2007-07-18&rft.isbn=978-0-8247-2478-8&rft.au=McKetta%2C+John+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8erDL_DnsgAC%26pg%3DPA339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALitiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Handbook of Lithium and Natural Calcium Chloride De Donald E. Garrett, pagina 205</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerat2-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerat2_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerat2_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Metal Ions in Biological Systems: Volume 41: Metal Ions and Their Complexes ... editat de Astrid Sigel, pagina 314</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerat1-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerat1_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerat1_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerat1_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Metal Ions in Biological Systems: Volume 41: Metal Ions and Their Complexes ..., editat de Astrid Sigel, pagina 307</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Metal Ions in Biological Systems: Volume 41: Metal Ions and Their Complexes ... editat de Astrid Sigel, pagina 315</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerat6-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerat6_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerat6_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Metal Ions in Biological Systems: Volume 41: Metal Ions and Their Complexes ...,editat de Astrid Sige, pagina 312</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerat7-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerat7_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerat7_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerat7_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Monovalent Cations in Biological Systems, De Charles A. Pasternak, pagina 345</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Monovalent Cations in Biological Systems De Charles A. Pasternak, pagina 345</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Monovalent Cations in Biological Systems De Charles A. Pasternak, pagina 345</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Monovalent Cations in Biological Systems De Charles A. Pasternak, pagina 345</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerat5-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerat5_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerat5_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerat5_52-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">The History and Use of Our Earth's Chemical Elements: A Reference Guide, De Robert E. Krebs, pagina 50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerat4-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerat4_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerat4_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerat4_53-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerat4_53-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">The Chemistry of Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium and Francium ..., De William A. Hart,O. F. Beumel,Thomas P. Whaley, pagina 334</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">The Chemistry of Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium and Francium ..., De William A. Hart,O. F. Beumel,Thomas P. Whaley</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor" title="Tabelul periodic al elementelor">Tabelul periodic al elementelor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acumulator_litiu-aer" title="Acumulator litiu-aer">Acumulator litiu-aer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acumulator_Li-ion" class="mw-redirect" title="Acumulator Li-ion">Acumulator Li-ion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidroxid_de_litiu" title="Hidroxid de litiu">Hidroxid de litiu</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sistemul-periodic.go.ro/elemente/li.htm">Litiul pe sistemul-periodic.go.ro</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090124223157/http://sistemul-periodic.go.ro/elemente/li.htm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2009-01-24">24 ianuarie 2009</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.descopera.ro/stiinta/4780847-litiul-incredibilul-potential-al-celui-de-al-treilea-element">Litiul – incredibilul potential al celui de al treilea element</a>, 24 august 2009, Alexandru Safta, <i>Descoperă</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>D. Marian, <i>Metale de înaltă puritate</i>, Editura Tehnică, 1988</li> <li>A Banciu <i>Din istoria descoperirii elementelor chimice, ESE,1981</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liviu_Oniciu" title="Liviu Oniciu">Liviu Oniciu</a> Chimie fizică. Electrochimie ed I, II EDP 1974, 1977</li> <li>Liviu Oniciu Conversia electrochimică a energiei 1977</li> <li>Constantin D. Albu, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Brezeanu" title="Maria Brezeanu">Maria Brezeanu</a>, Mică enciclopedie de chimie, Editura Enciclopedică Română, 1974, p 311</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografie_suplimentară"><span id="Bibliografie_suplimentar.C4.83"></span>Bibliografie suplimentară</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie suplimentară" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiu&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografie suplimentară"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romanialibera.ro/bani-afaceri/finante/incepe-o-noua-goana-dupa-litiu-166415.html">Incepe o noua goana. Dupa litiu</a><sup>[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Leg%C4%83turi_externe" title="Wikipedia:Legături externe">nefuncțională</a></i>]</sup>, 2 octombrie 2009, Ovidiu D. Popica, <i>România liberă</i></li></ul> <table class="navbox collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="32"><span style="float:left; text-align:left; width:6em; margin-left:2px;"> <span class="noprint plainlinks" style="white-space: nowrap; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; ;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor" title="Format:Tabelul periodic al elementelor"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor" title="Discuție Format:Tabelul periodic al elementelor"><span title="Discuție format" style=";">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";">m</span></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor" title="Tabelul periodic al elementelor">Tabelul periodic al elementelor</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">H</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" colspan="30">  </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Heliu" title="Heliu">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Li</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Beriliu" title="Beriliu">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24">  </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Bor_(element)" title="Bor (element)">B</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">C</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrogen">N</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Oxigen" title="Oxigen">O</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Sodiu" title="Sodiu">Na</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Magneziu" title="Magneziu">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24">  </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Aluminiu" title="Aluminiu">Al</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Siliciu" title="Siliciu">Si</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">P</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Sulf" title="Sulf">S</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">Cl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Potasiu" title="Potasiu">K</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Calciu" title="Calciu">Ca</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Scandiu" title="Scandiu">Sc</a> </td> <td colspan="14">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Titaniu" class="mw-redirect" title="Titaniu">Ti</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Vanadiu" title="Vanadiu">V</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Crom" title="Crom">Cr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Fier" title="Fier">Fe</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Co</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Nichel" title="Nichel">Ni</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Cupru" title="Cupru">Cu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Galiu" title="Galiu">Ga</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Germaniu" title="Germaniu">Ge</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Seleniu" title="Seleniu">Se</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom">Br</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Rubidiu" title="Rubidiu">Rb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Stron%C8%9Biu" title="Stronțiu">Sr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Ytriu" title="Ytriu">Y</a> </td> <td colspan="14">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Zirconiu" title="Zirconiu">Zr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Niobiu" title="Niobiu">Nb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden">Mo</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Tehne%C8%9Biu" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehnețiu">Tc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Ruteniu" title="Ruteniu">Ru</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Rodiu" title="Rodiu">Rh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Paladiu" title="Paladiu">Pd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Argint" title="Argint">Ag</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Cadmiu" title="Cadmiu">Cd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Indiu" title="Indiu">In</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Staniu" title="Staniu">Sn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Stibiu" title="Stibiu">Sb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Telur" title="Telur">Te</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Iod" title="Iod">I</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Cesiu" title="Cesiu">Cs</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Bariu" title="Bariu">Ba</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan">La</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Ceriu" title="Ceriu">Ce</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Praseodim" title="Praseodim">Pr</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Neodim" title="Neodim">Nd</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Prome%C8%9Biu" title="Promețiu">Pm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Samariu" title="Samariu">Sm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Europiu" title="Europiu">Eu</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Gadoliniu" title="Gadoliniu">Gd</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Terbiu" title="Terbiu">Tb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Disprosiu" title="Disprosiu">Dy</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Holmiu" title="Holmiu">Ho</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Erbiu" title="Erbiu">Er</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Tuliu" title="Tuliu">Tm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Yterbiu" title="Yterbiu">Yb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Lute%C8%9Biu" title="Lutețiu">Lu</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Hafniu" title="Hafniu">Hf</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Tantal_(chimie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantal (chimie)">Ta</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" class="mw-redirect" title="Tungsten">W</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Reniu" title="Reniu">Re</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Osmiu" title="Osmiu">Os</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Iridiu" title="Iridiu">Ir</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Platin%C4%83" title="Platină">Pt</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Aur" title="Aur">Au</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Mercur_(element)" title="Mercur (element)">Hg</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Taliu" title="Taliu">Tl</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Plumb" title="Plumb">Pb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">Bi</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Poloniu" title="Poloniu">Po</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Astatin" title="Astatin">At</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Franciu" title="Franciu">Fr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Radiu" title="Radiu">Ra</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Actiniu" title="Actiniu">Ac</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Toriu" class="mw-redirect" title="Toriu">Th</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Protactiniu" title="Protactiniu">Pa</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Uraniu" title="Uraniu">U</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Neptuniu" title="Neptuniu">Np</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Plutoniu" title="Plutoniu">Pu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Americiu" title="Americiu">Am</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Curiu" title="Curiu">Cm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Berkeliu" title="Berkeliu">Bk</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Californiu" title="Californiu">Cf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Einsteiniu" title="Einsteiniu">Es</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Fermiu" title="Fermiu">Fm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Mendeleviu" title="Mendeleviu">Md</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Nobeliu" title="Nobeliu">No</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordiu" title="Rutherfordiu">Rf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Dubniu" title="Dubniu">Db</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgiu" title="Seaborgiu">Sg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Bohriu" title="Bohriu">Bh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Hassiu" title="Hassiu">Hs</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Meitneriu" title="Meitneriu">Mt</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtiu" title="Darmstadtiu">Ds</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Roentgeniu" title="Roentgeniu">Rg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Coperniciu" title="Coperniciu">Cn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Nihoniu" title="Nihoniu">Nh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Fleroviu" title="Fleroviu">Fl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Moscoviu" title="Moscoviu">Mc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Livermoriu" title="Livermoriu">Lv</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessine">Ts</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="32"> <table border="1" align="center" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; border-collapse:collapse; font-size: smaller; width:100%" rules="all" 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