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Potasiu - Wikipedia

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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Răspândire_în_natură"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Răspândire în natură</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Răspândire_în_natură-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Descoperire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descoperire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Descoperire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Descoperire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structura_atomică" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structura_atomică"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Structura atomică</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structura_atomică-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Producție" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Producție"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Producție</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Producție-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izotopii_potasiului" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izotopii_potasiului"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Izotopii potasiului</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izotopii_potasiului-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teste_analitice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teste_analitice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Teste analitice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teste_analitice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proprietăți_fizice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proprietăți_fizice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Proprietăți fizice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proprietăți_fizice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactivitate_chimică" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactivitate_chimică"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Reactivitate chimică</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reactivitate_chimică-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Potasiul_în_organismul_uman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Potasiul_în_organismul_uman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Potasiul în organismul uman</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Potasiul_în_organismul_uman-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Potasiul în organismul uman subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Potasiul_în_organismul_uman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Funcție_biochimică" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funcție_biochimică"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Funcție biochimică</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funcție_biochimică-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polarizarea_membranei" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polarizarea_membranei"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Polarizarea membranei</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polarizarea_membranei-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filtrarea_și_excreția" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filtrarea_și_excreția"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Filtrarea și excreția</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filtrarea_și_excreția-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Potasiul_în_dietă_și_ca_supliment_alimentar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Potasiul_în_dietă_și_ca_supliment_alimentar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Potasiul în dietă și ca supliment alimentar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Potasiul_în_dietă_și_ca_supliment_alimentar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aportul_adecvat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aportul_adecvat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4.1</span> <span>Aportul adecvat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aportul_adecvat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compoziție_nutritivă[102]:" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compoziție_nutritivă[102]:"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4.2</span> <span>Compoziție nutritivă<sup><span>[</span>102<span>]</span></sup>:</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compoziție_nutritivă[102]:-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aportul_optim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aportul_optim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4.3</span> <span>Aportul optim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aportul_optim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supliment_medical_și_boli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supliment_medical_și_boli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4.4</span> <span>Supliment medical și boli</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supliment_medical_și_boli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aplicații" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aplicații"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Aplicații</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aplicații-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aplicații subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aplicații-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aplicații_agricole" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aplicații_agricole"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Aplicații agricole</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aplicații_agricole-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aplicații_alimentare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aplicații_alimentare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Aplicații alimentare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aplicații_alimentare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aplicații_biologice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aplicații_biologice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Aplicații biologice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aplicații_biologice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aplicații_științifice_și_industriale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aplicații_științifice_și_industriale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Aplicații științifice și industriale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aplicații_științifice_și_industriale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aspecte_de_sănătate_și_securitate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aspecte_de_sănătate_și_securitate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Aspecte de sănătate și securitate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aspecte_de_sănătate_și_securitate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Bibliografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Potasiu</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 167 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-167" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">167 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%96%E1%89%B3%E1%88%BA%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ፖታሺየም – amharică" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፖታሺየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasio" title="Potasio – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Potasio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पोटैशियम – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पोटैशियम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="بوتاسيوم – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوتاسيوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="پوطاسيوم – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="پوطاسيوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="بوتاسيوم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بوتاسيوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasiu" title="Potasiu – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Potasiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पोटासियम – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="पोटासियम" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="پوتاسیوم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پوتاسیوم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калий – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Калий" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasium" title="Potasium – balineză" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Potasium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasyo" title="Potasyo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Potasyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Калій – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Калій" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Каль – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Каль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калий – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Калий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पोटैशियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पोटैशियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ပိုတဲတ်သီယမ် – Pa&#039;O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ပိုတဲတ်သီယမ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa&#039;O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="পটাশিয়াম – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পটাশিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8D" title="དུག་སེལ། – tibetană" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དུག་སེལ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasiom" title="Potasiom – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Potasiom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalij" title="Kalij – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kalij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassi" title="Potassi – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Potassi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1k_(g%C4%ADng-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86k)" title="Gák (gĭng-sṳ̆k) – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gák (gĭng-sṳ̆k)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasio" title="Potasio – cebuană" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Potasio" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%89%E1%8F%94%E1%8F%8F%E1%8E%A5%E1%8E%BB" title="ᏉᏔᏏᎥᎻ – cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏉᏔᏏᎥᎻ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="پۆتاسیۆم – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پۆتاسیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassiu" title="Potassiu – corsicană" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Potassiu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corsicană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drasl%C3%ADk" title="Draslík – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Draslík" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калий – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Калий" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasiwm" title="Potasiwm – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Potasiwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%95%DE%AE%DE%93%DE%AD%DE%90%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%89%DE%B0" title="ޕޮޓޭސިއަމް – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޕޮޓޭސިއަމް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κάλιο – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάλιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Potassium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalio" title="Kalio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kalio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasio" title="Potasio – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Potasio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaalium" title="Kaalium – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kaalium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasio" title="Potasio – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Potasio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasiu" title="Potasiu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Potasiu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85" title="پتاسیم – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پتاسیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – feroeză" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Potassium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaalium" title="Kaalium – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kaalium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassi" title="Potassi – friulană" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Potassi" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potaisiam" title="Potaisiam – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Potaisiam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%80" title="鉀 – chineză gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="鉀" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="chineză gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasium" title="Potasium – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Potasium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasio" title="Potasio – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Potasio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="પોટેશિયમ – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પોટેશિયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potashum" title="Potashum – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Potashum" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kap" title="Kap – chineză hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kap" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="chineză hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasiuma" title="Potasiuma – hawaiiană" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Potasiuma" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%9F" title="אשלגן – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אשלגן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पोटैशियम – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पोटैशियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Potassium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalij" title="Kalij – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kalij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasy%C3%B2m" title="Potasyòm – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Potasyòm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1lium" title="Kálium – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kálium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Կալիում – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կալիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Potassium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalio" title="Kalio – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kalio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kal%C3%ADn" title="Kalín – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kalín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassio" title="Potassio – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Potassio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="カリウム – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カリウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/sodnrkali" title="sodnrkali – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="sodnrkali" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliyum" title="Kaliyum – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kaliyum" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="კალიუმი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კალიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%94tas%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Pɔtasɩyɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Pɔtasɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasium" title="Potasium – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Potasium" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калий – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Калий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಪೊಟ್ಯಾಶಿಯಮ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪೊಟ್ಯಾಶಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%BC%EB%A5%A8" title="칼륨 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="칼륨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qelye" title="Qelye – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Qelye" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калий – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Калий" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassiom" title="Potassiom – cornică" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Potassiom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калий – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Калий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potascio" title="Potascio – liguriană" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Potascio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassie" title="Potassie – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Potassie" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasio" title="Potasio – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Potasio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasu" title="Potasu – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Potasu" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%9E%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%A1" title="ໂພແທດຊຽມ – laoțiană" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໂພແທດຊຽມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalis" title="Kalis – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kalis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%81lijs" title="Kālijs – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kālijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Поташ – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Поташ" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konurehu" title="Konurehu – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Konurehu" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Калиум – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Калиум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="പൊട്ടാസ്യം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പൊട്ടാസ്യം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Кали – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Кали" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%9D" title="ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯝ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯝ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6" title="पलाश – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पलाश" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калий – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Калий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ပိုတက်ဆီယမ် – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပိုတက်ဆီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калий – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Калий" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पोटासियम – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पोटासियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पोटासियम – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पोटासियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassi" title="Potassi – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Potassi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalii" title="Kalii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kalii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AE" title="ପୋଟାସିଅମ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପୋଟାସିଅମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калий – osetă" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Калий" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਪੋਟਾਸ਼ੀਅਮ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੋਟਾਸ਼ੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पोटासियम – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="पोटासियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potas" title="Potas – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Potas" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassi" title="Potassi – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Potassi" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85" title="پوٹاشیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پوٹاشیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85" title="پوتاشیم – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پوتاشیم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pot%C3%A1ssio" title="Potássio – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Potássio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalyu" title="Kalyu – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kalyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliu" title="Kaliu – aromână" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Kaliu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromână" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калий – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Калий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पोटैशियम – sanscrită" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पोटैशियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrită" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Калиум – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Калиум" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudassa" title="Pudassa – sardiniană" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Pudassa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Put%C3%A0ssiu" title="Putàssiu – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Putàssiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Potassium" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%BD%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A6%D9%85" title="پوٽاشيئم – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پوٽاشيئم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalij" title="Kalij – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kalij" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%91%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A" title="පොටෑසියම් – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පොටෑසියම්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Potassium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drasl%C3%ADk" title="Draslík – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Draslík" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalij" title="Kalij – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kalij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botashiyaam" title="Botashiyaam – somaleză" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Botashiyaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliumi" title="Kaliumi – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kaliumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Калијум – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Калијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali" title="Kali – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kali" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பொட்டாசியம் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பொட்டாசியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="పొటాషియం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పొటాషియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калий – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Калий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="โพแทสเซียม – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โพแทสเซียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasyo" title="Potasyo – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Potasyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasyum" title="Potasyum – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Potasyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калий – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Калий" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89%D9%8A" title="كالىي – uigură" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كالىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigură" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Калій – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Калій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="پوٹاشیئم – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پوٹاشیئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliy" title="Kaliy – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kaliy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalii" title="Kalii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kalii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali" title="Kali – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kali" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassiom" title="Potassiom – valonă" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Potassiom" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasyo" title="Potasyo – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Potasyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="钾" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Калион – calmucă" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Калион" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="calmucă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="קאליום – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאליום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Potassium" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyaz" title="Gyaz – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Gyaz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="钾" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%80" title="鉀 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鉀" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%80" title="鉀 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鉀" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmKhosha" title="UmKhosha – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmKhosha" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q703#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Potasiu" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie:Potasiu" rel="discussion" 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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articole_de_calitate" title="Acesta este un articol de calitate. 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Apăsați aici pentru mai multe informații." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><table class="infocaseta" cellspacing="2"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="antet stiinteexacte" style="background-color:#ff6666">Potasiu </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Potassium-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Potassium-2.jpg/225px-Potassium-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Potassium-2.jpg/338px-Potassium-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Potassium-2.jpg/450px-Potassium-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="481" data-file-height="394" /></a></span><br />Bile de potasiu în ulei de parafină </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="background:#f9f9f9"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="padding-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Argon</a> ← <b>Potasiu</b> → <a href="/wiki/Calciu" title="Calciu">Calciu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="valign:middle; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sodiu" title="Sodiu">Na</a> </td> <td align="center" rowspan="3"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" style="border-collapse:separate;width:248px;background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;width:7px;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="border:none;width:7px;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> </td> <td colspan="14" rowspan="5" style="border:none;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Cubic-face-centered.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/43px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/65px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/86px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="109" data-file-height="127" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="9" rowspan="3" style="border:none;text-align:center;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size:10pt;border:none;padding:0;line-height:1em;background-color:transparent;"><br />19</td> <td style="font-size:16pt;border:none;padding:0;line-height:1em;background-color:transparent;"><b>K</b></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td colspan="5" style="border:none;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Heliu" title="Heliu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Litiu" title="Litiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Beriliu" title="Beriliu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Bor_(element)" title="Bor (element)"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Azot" title="Azot"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Oxigen" title="Oxigen"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffff99;"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Sodiu" title="Sodiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Magneziu" title="Magneziu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminiu" title="Aluminiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Siliciu" title="Siliciu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Sulf" title="Sulf"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffff99;"><a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><span style="float: left; 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width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgeniu" title="Roentgeniu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Coperniciu" title="Coperniciu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Ununtriu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununtriu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Fleroviu" title="Fleroviu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#E8E8E8;"><a href="/wiki/Ununpentiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununpentiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Livermoriu" title="Livermoriu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#fcfecc;"><a href="/wiki/Ununseptiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununseptiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Ununoctiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununoctiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="valign:middle; text-align:center;"><b>K</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="valign:middle; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidiu" title="Rubidiu">Rb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="padding-top:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor" title="Tabelul periodic al elementelor">Tabelul complet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor_(extins)" title="Tabelul periodic al elementelor (extins)">Tabelul extins</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#ff6666; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Informații generale </th></tr> <tr> <td width="60%"><a href="/wiki/Lista_elementelor_chimice_dup%C4%83_nume" title="Lista elementelor chimice după nume">Nume</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor" title="Tabelul periodic al elementelor">Simbol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Num%C4%83r_atomic" title="Număr atomic">Număr</a> </td> <td width="40%">Potasiu, K, 19 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Serie_chimic%C4%83" title="Serie chimică">Serie chimică</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalin" title="Metal alcalin">metale alcaline</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grupele_tabelului_periodic" class="mw-redirect" title="Grupele tabelului periodic">Grupă</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perioadele_tabelului_periodic" class="mw-redirect" title="Perioadele tabelului periodic">Perioadă</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blocurile_tabelului_periodic" class="mw-redirect" title="Blocurile tabelului periodic">Bloc</a> </td> <td>1, 4, s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Densitate" title="Densitate">Densitate</a> </td> <td>856 <a href="/wiki/Kilogram_pe_metru_cub" title="Kilogram pe metru cub">kg/m³</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Culoare" title="Culoare">Culoare</a> </td> <td>alb argintiu </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Num%C4%83r_CAS" class="mw-redirect" title="Număr CAS">Număr CAS</a> </td> <td>7440-09-7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Num%C4%83r_EINECS&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Număr EINECS — pagină inexistentă">Număr EINECS</a> </td> <td>231-119-8 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#ff6666; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Proprietăți atomice </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mas%C4%83_atomic%C4%83" title="Masă atomică">Masă atomică</a> </td> <td>39,0983 <a href="/wiki/Unitate_atomic%C4%83_de_mas%C4%83" title="Unitate atomică de masă">u</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Raz%C4%83_atomic%C4%83" title="Rază atomică">Rază atomică</a> </td> <td>220 (243) <a href="/wiki/Picometru" title="Picometru">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Raz%C4%83_de_covalen%C8%9B%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Rază de covalență">Rază de covalență</a> </td> <td>196 <a href="/wiki/Picometru" title="Picometru">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Raz%C4%83_van_der_Waals" title="Rază van der Waals">Rază van der Waals</a> </td> <td>275 <a href="/wiki/Picometru" title="Picometru">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Configura%C8%9Bie_electronic%C4%83" title="Configurație electronică">Configurație electronică</a> </td> <td>[Ar] 4s<sup>1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">Electroni</a> pe <a href="/wiki/Nivel_de_energie" title="Nivel de energie">nivelul de energie</a> </td> <td>2, 8, 8, 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Num%C4%83r_de_oxidare" title="Număr de oxidare">Număr de oxidare</a> </td> <td>+1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oxid" title="Oxid">Oxid</a> </td> <td>bază tare </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Structur%C4%83_cristalin%C4%83" title="Structură cristalină">Structură cristalină</a> </td> <td>cubică cu fețe centrate </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#ff6666; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Proprietăți fizice </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stare_de_agregare" title="Stare de agregare">Fază ordinară</a> </td> <td>solid </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Punct_de_topire" title="Punct de topire">Punct de topire</a> </td> <td>63,4 <a href="/wiki/%C2%B0C" class="mw-redirect" title="°C">°C</a>&#160;; 336,53&#160;<a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Punct_de_fierbere" title="Punct de fierbere">Punct de fierbere</a> </td> <td>758,9&#160;°C&#160;; 1032&#160;<a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energie_de_fuziune&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Energie de fuziune — pagină inexistentă">Energie de fuziune</a> </td> <td>2,334 <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energie_de_evaporare&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Energie de evaporare — pagină inexistentă">Energie de evaporare</a> </td> <td>79,87 <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatur%C4%83_critic%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Temperatură critică — pagină inexistentă">Temperatură critică</a> </td> <td>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presiune_critic%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Presiune critică — pagină inexistentă">Presiune critică</a> </td> <td>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unitate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pascal (unitate)">Pa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Volum_molar" title="Volum molar">Volum molar</a> </td> <td>45,94×10<sup>-6</sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metru_cub_pe_kmol&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Metru cub pe kmol — pagină inexistentă">m³/kmol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Presiune_de_vapori" title="Presiune de vapori">Presiune de vapori</a> </td> <td>1,06×10<sup>-4</sup> Pa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Viteza_sunetului" title="Viteza sunetului">Viteza sunetului</a> </td> <td>2000 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metru_pe_secund%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Metru pe secundă — pagină inexistentă">m/s</a> la 20 <a href="/wiki/Grad_Celsius" class="mw-redirect" title="Grad Celsius">°C</a> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td>Forță <a href="/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet">magnetică</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#ff6666; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Informații diverse </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Electronegativitate" title="Electronegativitate">Electronegativitate</a> <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Scara_lui_Pauling&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Scara lui Pauling — pagină inexistentă">Pauling</a>)</small> </td> <td>0,82 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Capacitate_termic%C4%83_masic%C4%83" title="Capacitate termică masică">Capacitate termică masică</a> </td> <td>757 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joule_pe_kilogram-kelvin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Joule pe kilogram-kelvin — pagină inexistentă">J/(kg·K)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Conductivitate_electric%C4%83" title="Conductivitate electrică">Conductivitate electrică</a> </td> <td>13,9×10<sup>6</sup> <a href="/wiki/Siemens_(unitate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siemens (unitate)">S</a>/m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Conductivitate_termic%C4%83" title="Conductivitate termică">Conductivitate termică</a> </td> <td>102,4 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Watt_pe_metru-kelvin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Watt pe metru-kelvin — pagină inexistentă">W/(m·K)</a> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure418,8"> <td>Prima <a href="/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare">energie de ionizare</a> </td> <td>418,8 <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure3052"> <td>A 2-a <a href="/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare">energie de ionizare</a> </td> <td>3052 <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure4420"> <td>A 3-a <a href="/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare">energie de ionizare</a> </td> <td>4420 <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure5877"> <td>A 4-a <a href="/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare">energie de ionizare</a> </td> <td>5877 <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure7975"> <td>A 5-a <a href="/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare">energie de ionizare</a> </td> <td>7975 <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure9590"> <td>A 6-a <a href="/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare">energie de ionizare</a> </td> <td>9590 <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure11.343"> <td>A 7-a <a href="/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare">energie de ionizare</a> </td> <td>11.343 <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure14.944"> <td>A 8-a <a href="/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare">energie de ionizare</a> </td> <td>14.944 <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure16.963,7"> <td>A 9-a <a href="/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare">energie de ionizare</a> </td> <td>16.963,7 <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure48.610"> <td>A 10-a <a href="/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare">energie de ionizare</a> </td> <td>48.610 <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#ff6666; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px; margin-top:none; margin-left:none; margin-right:none;">Cei mai stabili izotopi </th></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="padding:0px"> <table width="100%" rules="all" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#f2f2f2;"> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop">Simbol</a></td> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Abunden%C8%9B%C4%83_natural%C4%83" title="Abundență naturală">AN</a></td> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Perioad%C4%83_de_%C3%AEnjum%C4%83t%C4%83%C8%9Bire" title="Perioadă de înjumătățire">T<small>1/2</small></a></td> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Mod_de_dezintegrare" class="mw-redirect" title="Mod de dezintegrare">MD</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Energie_de_dezintegrare" title="Energie de dezintegrare">Ed</a></td> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Produsul_dezintegr%C4%83rii&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Produsul dezintegrării — pagină inexistentă">PD</a></td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Electronvolt" title="Electronvolt">MeV</a></td></tr> <tr><td><sup>39</sup>K</td><td>93,26%</td><td colspan="4">stabil cu 20 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutroni</a></td> </tr> <tr><td><sup>40</sup>K</td><td>0,01167%</td><td>1,277×10<sup>9</sup> ani</td><td><small>10,48% ε</small> <hr /> <small>89,52% β-</small></td><td>1,505 <hr /> 1,311</td><td><sup>40</sup><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> <hr /> <sup>40</sup><a href="/wiki/Calciu" title="Calciu">Ca</a></td> </tr> <tr><td><sup>41</sup>K</td><td>6,73%</td><td colspan="4">stabil cu 22 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutroni</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td><td> </td></tr><tr style="display:none;"> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#ff6666; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Precauții </th></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/NFPA_704" title="NFPA 704">NFPA 704</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top: 2px #ff6666 solid; font-size: 80%;"><i>Unitățile <a href="/wiki/Sistemul_interna%C8%9Bional_de_unit%C4%83%C8%9Bi" title="Sistemul internațional de unități">SI</a> și condiții de temperatură și presiune normale dacă nu s-a specificat altfel.</i> </td></tr> <tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #FFFFFF solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=0">text</a></span>&#160;<span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_Element_chimic" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Potasiul</b> (sau <b>kaliu</b>, notat cu <a href="/wiki/Simbol" title="Simbol">simbolul</a> <a href="/wiki/K" title="K">K</a>, din <a href="/wiki/Limba_latin%C4%83" title="Limba latină">latină</a> <span lang="la" style="font-style:italic">kalium</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, din <a href="/wiki/Limba_arab%C4%83" title="Limba arabă">limba arabă</a>: <span lang="ar" style="font-style:italic">القَلْيَه‎</span> <i><span lang="ar-Latn" style="font-style:italic">al-qalyah</span></i> „<a href="/wiki/Cenu%C8%99%C4%83" title="Cenușă">cenușă</a> de <a href="/wiki/Plant%C4%83" title="Plantă">plante</a>”<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated14_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated14-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>) este <a href="/wiki/Element_chimic" title="Element chimic">elementul chimic</a> cu <a href="/wiki/Num%C4%83r_atomic" title="Număr atomic">numărul atomic</a> 19. Are <a href="/wiki/Mas%C4%83_atomic%C4%83" title="Masă atomică">masa atomică</a> de 39,0983 <a href="/wiki/Unitate_atomic%C4%83_de_mas%C4%83" title="Unitate atomică de masă">u.a.m</a>. </p><p>Acest <a href="/wiki/Element_chimic" title="Element chimic">element chimic</a> a fost izolat prima dată din <a href="/wiki/Potas%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Potasă">potasă</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated14_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated14-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Este un <a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalin" title="Metal alcalin">metal alcalin</a> de <a href="/wiki/Culoare" title="Culoare">culoare</a> <a href="/wiki/Alb" title="Alb">alb</a>-<a href="/wiki/Argint" title="Argint">argintie</a>, maleabil și ductil, care se <a href="/wiki/Oxidare" title="Oxidare">oxidează</a> ușor în <a href="/wiki/Aer" title="Aer">aer</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated24_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated24-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Reacționează violent cu <a href="/wiki/Apa" class="mw-redirect" title="Apa">apa</a>, generând suficientă <a href="/wiki/C%C4%83ldur%C4%83" title="Căldură">căldură</a> pentru a aprinde <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogenul</a> gazos eliberat<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated24_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated24-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>; poate reacționa și cu gheața până la temperatura de -100&#160;<a href="/wiki/%C2%B0C" class="mw-redirect" title="°C">°C</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>În natură este întâlnit numai sub formă de <a href="/wiki/Sare" class="mw-disambig" title="Sare">sare</a> ionică<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, este prezent în concentrație semnificativă, în stare dizolvată, în <a href="/wiki/Apa" class="mw-redirect" title="Apa">apa</a> de <a href="/wiki/Mare" title="Mare">mare</a>, de asemenea este întâlnit, sub forma diverșilor compuși, ca și constituent al unor <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">minerale</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">Ionul</a> de potasiu, prezent în <a href="/wiki/%C8%9Aesut" class="mw-redirect" title="Țesut">țesuturile</a> vegetale și <a href="/wiki/Animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal">animale</a>, este un oligoelement indispensabil în metabolismul <a href="/wiki/Celul%C4%83" class="mw-disambig" title="Celulă">celulelor</a> <a href="/wiki/Via%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Viață">vii</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Cea mai ridicată concentrație de potasiu o au <a href="/wiki/Celul%C4%83" class="mw-disambig" title="Celulă">celulele</a> <a href="/wiki/Plant%C4%83" title="Plantă">plantelor</a>, fiind aglomerat în special în <a href="/wiki/Fruct" title="Fruct">fructul</a> lor<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Concentrația mare de potasiu din plante, asociat cu cantitățile foarte scăzute de <a href="/wiki/Sodiu" title="Sodiu">sodiu</a> din acestea, conduce la izolarea potasiului din cenușa de plante, fiind din punct de vedere istoric factorul care a condus la numele de potasă. Agricultura intensă privează <a href="/wiki/Sol" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Sol">solul</a> de potasiu, iar fertilizatorii agricoli consumă 93% din producția chimică a potasiului la nivel de <a href="/wiki/Economie" title="Economie">economie</a> globală modernă. </p><p>Potasiul și sodiul sunt <a href="/wiki/Metale_alcaline" class="mw-redirect" title="Metale alcaline">metale alcaline</a>, care sunt identice din punct de vedere chimic<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, acesta fiind un motiv pentru care sărurile acestora nu au fost diferențiate istoric. S-a constatat că sunt elemente chimice diferite doar în momentul când au fost izolate prin electroliză la începutul secolului 19. </p><p>Funcțiile potasiului și ale sodiului în organismele vii sunt diferite. Animalele, în special, folosesc <a href="/wiki/Sodiu" title="Sodiu">sodiul</a> și potasiul diferit pentru a genera potențial electric în celulele lor, în special țesutul nervos. Deficitul de potasiu la <a href="/wiki/Animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal">animale</a>, inclusiv <a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">omul</a>, conduce la numeroase disfuncții neurologice. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Răspândire_în_natură"><span id="R.C4.83sp.C3.A2ndire_.C3.AEn_natur.C4.83"></span>Răspândire în natură</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Răspândire în natură" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Răspândire în natură"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:PotassiumFeldsparUSGOV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/PotassiumFeldsparUSGOV.jpg/220px-PotassiumFeldsparUSGOV.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/PotassiumFeldsparUSGOV.jpg/330px-PotassiumFeldsparUSGOV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/PotassiumFeldsparUSGOV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="307" /></a><figcaption>Potasiul în <a href="/wiki/Feldspat" title="Feldspat">feldspat</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Potasiul nu este răspândit în stare nativă deoarece reacționează violent cu <a href="/wiki/Apa" class="mw-redirect" title="Apa">apa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-webelements_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webelements-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> La fel ca și alți compuși, potasiul are un procentaj de 1,5% din greutatea <a href="/wiki/Scoar%C8%9B%C4%83_terestr%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Scoarță terestră">scoarței terestre</a> și este al șaptelea element ca răspândire pe <a href="/wiki/Planet%C4%83" title="Planetă">planetă</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-webelements_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webelements-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Fiind foarte electropozitiv, potasiul <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metalic</a> este foarte greu de obținut din <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineralele</a> sale.<sup id="cite_ref-webelements_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webelements-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Potasiul sub formă ionică este prezent și în apa mărilor, cantitatea de potasiu fiind de aproape 1/30 din cea existentă de sodiu, deoarece potasiul este mai strâns în legătură cu solul sub forma silicaților.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated16_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated16-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ca rezultat, nu este eliberat imediat în ocean și este prezent și în biosferă.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated16_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated16-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Forma stabilă a potasiului este creată în <a href="/wiki/Supernov%C4%83" title="Supernovă">supernove</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, în urma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proces-r&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Proces-r — pagină inexistentă">procesului-r</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:left;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descoperire">Descoperire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Descoperire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Descoperire"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Potasiul elementar nu a fost cunoscut în <a href="/wiki/Roma_Antic%C4%83" title="Roma Antică">Roma Antică</a>, iar numele lui nu derivă din latina clasică, ci mai degrabă din neo-latină. Numele <i>kalium</i> a fost împrumutat de la cuvântul „alkali”, cuvânt de proveniență <a href="/wiki/Limba_arab%C4%83" title="Limba arabă">arabă</a>, <i>al qalīy</i> = „cenușă calcinată”.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Denumirea de <i>potasiu</i> derivă de la cuvântul „<a href="/wiki/Potas%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Potasă">potasă</a>”,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> substanță al cărei nume uzual este dat carbonatului de potasiu și care putea fi obținută din resturile vegetale carbonizate. Prin încălzire, carbonatul eliberează <a href="/wiki/Dioxid_de_carbon" title="Dioxid de carbon">dioxidul de carbon</a>, iar produsul de reacție este potasa caustică, nume dobândit datorită arsurilor chimice ce pot apărea în cazul contactului cu țesutul uman. </p><p>Potasiul <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metalic</a> a fost descoperit în anul <a href="/wiki/1807" title="1807">1807</a> în <a href="/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia">Anglia</a> de către <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Sir Humphry Davy</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, care a obținut potasiu din potasa caustică, prin electroliza sării topite utilizând nou-descoperita <a href="/wiki/Pil%C4%83_voltaic%C4%83" title="Pilă voltaică">pilă voltaică</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Înainte de secolul al XVII-lea nu se putea face o distincție clară între potasiu și <a href="/wiki/Sodiu" title="Sodiu">sodiu</a> din cauza proprietăților fizico-chimice foarte asemănătoare ale acestora. A fost primul <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a> izolat prin metoda electrolitică.<sup id="cite_ref-Enghag2004_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Enghag2004-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Davy a extras <a href="/wiki/Sodiu" title="Sodiu">sodiul</a> printr-o metodă similară, demonstrând astfel diferența dintre elementele chimice.<sup id="cite_ref-Davy1807_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davy1807-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>În anul <a href="/wiki/1808" title="1808">1808</a>, chimiștii francezi Louis-Josef Gay-Lussac și Louis-Jacques Thenard au reușit separarea potasiului dintr-un amestec de hidroxid de potasiu și <a href="/wiki/Fier" title="Fier">fier</a> încălzit la temperaturi înalte. Metoda aceasta a fost ulterior utilizată de către Davy pentru obținerea unei cantități mai mari de metal.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structura_atomică"><span id="Structura_atomic.C4.83"></span>Structura atomică</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Structura atomică" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Structura atomică"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Electron_shell_019_Potassium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Electron_shell_019_Potassium.svg/220px-Electron_shell_019_Potassium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Electron_shell_019_Potassium.svg/330px-Electron_shell_019_Potassium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Electron_shell_019_Potassium.svg/440px-Electron_shell_019_Potassium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="860" /></a><figcaption>Atomul de potasiu, reprezentat cu învelișul de electroni.</figcaption></figure> <p>Structură atomică a potasiului este determinată de numărul <a href="/wiki/Nucleon" title="Nucleon">nucleonilor</a> din <a href="/wiki/Nucleu_atomic" title="Nucleu atomic">nucleul atomic</a>, astfel că pentru <a href="/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop">izotopul</a> său natural, <sup>39</sup>K, potasiul are 19 <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protoni</a> și 20 de <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutroni</a>. <a href="/wiki/Raz%C4%83_atomic%C4%83" title="Rază atomică">Raza atomică</a> medie este de 2,77<a href="/wiki/%C3%85" class="mw-redirect" title="Å">Å</a>, iar <a href="/wiki/Volum_molar" title="Volum molar">volumul molar</a> al acestuia este de 45,46&#160;cm³/mol.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Raza covalentă este de 2,03<a href="/wiki/%C3%85" class="mw-redirect" title="Å">Å</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Configurația electronică a atomului de potasiu este următoarea: </p> <div style="text-align:center"> <table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="#fff8ff"> <p>nivelul K: 1s<sup>2</sup> </p><p>nivelul L: 2s<sup>2</sup>p<sup>6</sup> </p><p>nivelul M: 3s<sup>2</sup>p<sup>6</sup> </p><p>nivelul N: 4s<sup>1</sup> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Producție"><span id="Produc.C8.9Bie"></span>Producție</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Producție" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Producție"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Producția mondială de potasiu este raportată ca fiind în jur de 200 tone pe an<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, în timp ce zăcămintele de minereuri de potasiu cunoscute până în prezent, exploatabile în mine, pot asigura o producție totală de 50 de milioane de tone<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated15_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated15-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Potasiul metalic pur poate fi izolat prin electroliza hidroxidului de potasiu, proces care a fost puțin îmbunătățit de la Davy încoace.<sup id="cite_ref-webelements_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webelements-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Metodele metalurgice termochimice, folosite de asemenea în producția de potasiu, utilizează ca materie primă clorura de potasiu pentru elaborarea metalului pur. </p><p>Sărurile de potasiu precum carnalitul<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated15_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated15-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, langbeinitul, polihalitul și silvitul<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> sunt prezente în depozite prețioase prin concentrație ridicată de potasiu în bazinele lacurilor vechi, făcând astfel ca extracția lor să fie avantajoasă din punct de vedere economic. Principala sursă de potasiu, potasa, este exploatată în regiuni precum <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated13_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated13-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated13_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated13-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated13_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated13-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. De asemenea este găsit în abundență în <a href="/wiki/Marea_Moart%C4%83" title="Marea Moartă">Marea Moartă</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. La peste 900 de metri sub suprafața regiunii <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> sunt depozite mari de potasă, surse importante de potasiu și săruri ale acestuia, cu câteva mine mari ce sunt operaționale din perioada anilor '60. Saskatchewan a pionierat tehnica înghețării sărurilor umede (formarea Blairmore) pentru a le manevra prin puțurile miniere. Principala companie minieră este <i>Corporația de Potasă din Saskatchewan</i>. Oceanele reprezintă o altă sursă de potasiu, însă cantitatea prezentă într-un volum dat de apa de mare este relativ scăzut, în comparație cu sodiul.<sup id="cite_ref-USGSCS2008_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGSCS2008-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USGSYB2006_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGSYB2006-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izotopii_potasiului">Izotopii potasiului</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Izotopii potasiului" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Izotopii potasiului"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Potasiul are 24 de <a href="/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop">izotopi</a> cunoscuți, dintre care trei sunt întâlniți în <a href="/wiki/Natur%C4%83" title="Natură">natură</a> în următoarele proporții: <sup>39</sup>K (93,3%)<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated29_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated29-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <sup>40</sup>K (0,0117%)<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated29_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated29-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> și <sup>41</sup>K (6,7%).<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated29_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated29-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Izotopul <sup>40</sup>K se <a href="/wiki/Dezintegrare" class="mw-disambig" title="Dezintegrare">dezintegrează</a> în izotopul stabil <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><sup>40</sup>Ar</a> (11,2% din dezintegrări) prin captura <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electronică</a> sau emisie de <a href="/wiki/Pozitron" title="Pozitron">pozitroni</a>, sau se descompune în <a href="/wiki/Calciu" title="Calciu"><sup>40</sup>Ca</a> (88,8% din dezintegrări) prin <a href="/wiki/Dezintegrare_beta" title="Dezintegrare beta">dezintegrare beta</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated28_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated28-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <sup>40</sup>K are un timp de înjumătățire de 1.250×10<sup>9</sup> ani.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated33_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated33-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dezintegrarea izotopului <sup>40</sup>K în <sup>40</sup>Ar activează o metodă folosită în datarea rocilor.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Metoda convențională de datare prin potasiu și argon presupune că rocile nu conțineau argon la momentul formării și că argonul radiogenic a fost reținut cantitativ (de exemplu <sup>40</sup>Ar).<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">Mineralele</a> sunt datate prin măsurarea concentrației de potasiu și de <sup>40</sup>Ar radiogenic acumulat. Mineralele cele mai potrivite pentru datare includ <a href="/wiki/Biotit" title="Biotit">biotitul</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Muscovit" title="Muscovit">muscovitul</a><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> hornblenda plutonică/metamorfică de grad înalt<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated28_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated28-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> și <a href="/wiki/Feldspat" title="Feldspat">feldspat</a> vulcanic; mostre întregi de roci din curgerile vulcanice și întruziuni pot fi de asemenea datate dacă sunt nealterate. </p><p>O altă aplicație a izotopilor potasiului a fost în studiul <a href="/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie">meteorologic</a>. Sunt de asemenea folosiți în studiul ciclului biogeochimic, deoarece potasiul este un macronutriment necesar vieții. </p><p>Cantitatea de <sup>40</sup>K care este răspândită în potasiul din <a href="/wiki/Natur%C4%83" title="Natură">natură</a> (implicit în unii substituenți comerciali ai <a href="/wiki/Sare" class="mw-disambig" title="Sare">sării</a>) este suficientă pentru a indica faptul că acele pungi cu substituenți sunt surse radioactive în demonstrațiile la clasă. În <a href="/wiki/Animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal">animalele</a> și <a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">oamenii</a> sănătoși, <sup>40</sup>K reprezintă cea mai mare sursă de <a href="/wiki/Radioactivitate" title="Radioactivitate">radioactivitate</a>, mai mare decât cea a izotopului <sup>14</sup>C. Într-un corp uman, cu masa de 70&#160;kg, aproximativ 4,400 de nuclei de <sup>40</sup>K sunt dezintegrați în fiecare secundă.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Activitatea potasiului natural este de 31 <a href="/wiki/Becquerel" title="Becquerel">Bq</a>/g.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated33_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated33-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teste_analitice">Teste analitice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Teste analitice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Teste analitice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La testul în <a href="/wiki/Flac%C4%83r%C4%83" title="Flacără">flacără</a>, potasiul și compușii săi emit o <a href="/wiki/Culoare" title="Culoare">culoare</a> pală de <a href="/wiki/Violet" title="Violet">violet</a>, care poate fi mascată într-un <a href="/wiki/Galben" title="Galben">galben</a> puternic de către <a href="/wiki/Sodiu" title="Sodiu">sodiul</a> conținut, dacă acesta este prezent<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Sticla de <a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">cobalt</a> poate fi folosită pentru a filtra <a href="/wiki/Culoare" title="Culoare">culoarea</a> <a href="/wiki/Galben" title="Galben">galbena</a> provocată de <a href="/wiki/Sodiu" title="Sodiu">sodiu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Concentrația de potasiu în soluție este determinată prin fotometria cu flamă, spectrofotometria cu absorbție atomică sau prin <a href="/wiki/Electrod_ion-selectiv" title="Electrod ion-selectiv">electrozi ion-selectivi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proprietăți_fizice"><span id="Propriet.C4.83.C8.9Bi_fizice"></span>Proprietăți fizice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Proprietăți fizice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Proprietăți fizice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flammenf%C3%A4rbungK.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flammenf%C3%A4rbungK.png/100px-Flammenf%C3%A4rbungK.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Flammenf%C3%A4rbungK.png 1.5x" data-file-width="143" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>Culoarea la testul flăcării pentru potasiu</figcaption></figure> <p>Potasiul este cel de-al doilea <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a> care are o <a href="/wiki/Densitate" title="Densitate">densitate</a> redusă (0.856 g/cm<sup>3</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated23_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated23-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>; doar litiul este mai puțin dens (0.53 g/cm<sup>3</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated23_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated23-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Este un <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a> moale,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> cu un punct de topire scăzut, fiind ușor de tăiat cu un <a href="/wiki/Cu%C8%9Bit" title="Cuțit">cuțit</a><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. În tăietura proaspătă, este un metal argintiu<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, însă în aer începe imediat să capete o <a href="/wiki/Culoare" title="Culoare">culoare</a> cenușie.<sup id="cite_ref-webelements_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webelements-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated31_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated31-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Punctul de topire al potasiului este de 63&#160;°C<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated31_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated31-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, iar punctul de fierbere este de 770&#160;°C<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated31_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated31-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactivitate_chimică"><span id="Reactivitate_chimic.C4.83"></span>Reactivitate chimică</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Reactivitate chimică" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Reactivitate chimică"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Potasiul trebuie să fie protejat de <a href="/wiki/Aer" title="Aer">aer</a> atunci când este stocat pentru a preveni <a href="/wiki/Coroziune" title="Coroziune">coroziunea</a> <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metalului</a> provocată de <a href="/wiki/Oxid" title="Oxid">oxidul</a> și <a href="/wiki/Hidroxid" title="Hidroxid">hidroxidul</a> acestuia. De obicei, mostrele sunt păstrate într-un mediu de <a href="/wiki/Hidrocarbur%C4%83" title="Hidrocarbură">hidrocarbură</a>, unde nu reacționează cu metalele alcaline, precum uleiul <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated9_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated9-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> sau <a href="/wiki/Kerosen" title="Kerosen">kerosenul</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Reacția potasiului cu oxigenul generează superoxidul de potasiu, KO<sub>2</sub>. </p><p>La fel ca și alte <a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalin" title="Metal alcalin">metale alcaline</a>, potasiul reacționează violent cu <a href="/wiki/Apa" class="mw-redirect" title="Apa">apa</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated9_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated9-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, producând <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a>. Reacția este mult mai violentă decât cea a <a href="/wiki/Litiu" title="Litiu">litiului</a> sau a <a href="/wiki/Sodiu" title="Sodiu">sodiului</a> cu <a href="/wiki/Apa" class="mw-redirect" title="Apa">apa</a> și este suficient de <a href="/wiki/Reac%C8%9Bie_exoterm%C4%83" title="Reacție exotermă">exotermă</a> pentru a cauza aprinderea <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogenului</a> rezultat<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated31_51-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated31-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <dl><dd>2K(s) + 2H<sub>2</sub>O(l) → H<sub>2</sub>(g) + 2KOH(aq)<sup id="cite_ref-ChemistryVol_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChemistryVol-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Deoarece potasiul reacționează rapid chiar și cu urme de <a href="/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă">apă</a><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, și produșii săi de reacție sunt nonvolatili, este folosit uneori singur sau cu NaK (un <a href="/wiki/Aliaj" title="Aliaj">aliaj</a> cu <a href="/wiki/Sodiu" title="Sodiu">sodiul</a> care este lichid la temperatura camerei<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>) pentru a usca solvenții, metodă alternativă distilării. În acest rol, servește ca un desicant puternic. </p><p>2K(s) + 2H<sub>2</sub>O → 2KOH(aq) + H<sub>2</sub>(g) </p><p>Potasiul reacționează de asemenea cu halogenii, formând fluorura, clorura, bromura și, respectiv, iodura de potasiu: KF, KCl, KBr, KI. </p><p>2K(s) + F<sub>2</sub>(g) → 2KF(s) </p><p>2K(s) + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) → 2KCl(s)<sup id="cite_ref-ChemistryVol_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChemistryVol-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>2K(s) + Br<sub>2</sub>(g) → 2KBr(s) </p><p>2K(s) + I<sub>2</sub>(g) → 2KI(s) </p><p>Potasiul se dizolvă în acid sulfuric diluat, formând soluții ce conțin ionul K+, împreună cu hidrogenul gazos. </p><p>2K(s) + H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>(aq) → 2K+(aq) + SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>(aq) + H<sub>2</sub>(g) </p><p>Potasiul se aprinde la rece în atmosferă de <a href="/wiki/Dioxid_de_azot" title="Dioxid de azot">dioxid de azot</a>. </p><p>Hidroxidul de potasiu reacționează puternic cu <a href="/wiki/Dioxid_de_carbon" title="Dioxid de carbon">dioxidul de carbon</a> producând carbonat de potasiu, fiind folosit la îndepărtarea urmelor de CO<sub>2</sub> din aer<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>2KOH(aq) + CO<sub>2</sub> → K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2<b>O</b></sub>(g) <sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Compușii potasiului în general sunt foarte solubili în <a href="/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă">apă</a><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, datorită energiei mari de hidratare a <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ionului</a> K<sup>+</sup>. Ionul de potasiu este incolor în apă<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Metodele de separare a potasiului prin precipitare, uneori pentru analiza gravimetrică, includ metode precum utilizarea tetrafenilboratului de sodiu<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, acidului hexacloroplatinic<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> și cobaltinitritului de sodiu<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Potasiul_în_organismul_uman"><span id="Potasiul_.C3.AEn_organismul_uman"></span>Potasiul în organismul uman</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Potasiul în organismul uman" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Potasiul în organismul uman"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funcție_biochimică"><span id="Func.C8.9Bie_biochimic.C4.83"></span>Funcție biochimică</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifică secțiunea: Funcție biochimică" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Funcție biochimică"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">Cationii</a> de potasiu sunt importanți în funcționarea neuronilor<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Creier" title="Creier">creier</a> și <a href="/wiki/Nerv" title="Nerv">nervi</a>) și influențarea echilibrului osmotic dintre celule <sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> și lichidul interstițial, cu o distribuție imediată în toate animalele (însă nu în toate plantele, de exemplu algele<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>) de către așa-numita <i>pompa de Na+/K+-ATP</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Potasiul poate fi detectat gustativ deoarece provoacă trei dintre cele cinci senzații gustative, în funcție de concentrație. Soluțiile diluate ale ionului de potasiu au un gust dulce<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated10_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated10-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (permițând concentrații moderate în lapte și sucuri), în timp ce concentrațiile mai mari devin acre<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated10_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated10-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, și la final conferă un gust sărat<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated10_68-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated10-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Combinația dintre amar și sărat de către suplimentarea prin ingestie a lichidelor cu conținut ridicat de potasiu reprezintă o provocare palatabilă.<sup id="cite_ref-WithoutTaste_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WithoutTaste-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polarizarea_membranei">Polarizarea membranei</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifică secțiunea: Polarizarea membranei" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Polarizarea membranei"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Poten%C8%9Bial_de_ac%C8%9Biune" title="Potențial de acțiune">Potențial de acțiune</a>.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16505893">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}</style> <p>Potasiul este important în prevenirea contracțiilor musculare și trimiterea tuturor semnalelor nervoase în organismele animale prin potențialul de acțiune. Prin natura lor electrostatică și prin proprietățile lor chimice, ionii de K<sup>+</sup> sunt mai mari decât ionii de Na<sup>+</sup>, iar canalele și pompele ionice din celulele membranelor pot să deosebească cele două tipuri de ioni, pompând activ sau permițând trecerea pasivă a unuia din ei, în timp ce al doilea ion este blocat.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Un deficit de potasiu în fluidele corpului conduce la o stare patologică numită <a href="/wiki/Hipokalemie" title="Hipokalemie">hipokalemie</a><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> care poate fi fatală, situație care survine în urma unor manifestări precum <a href="/wiki/Diaree" title="Diaree">diaree</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diurez%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Diureză — pagină inexistentă">diureză</a> ridicată și vărsături. Printre simptomele hipokalemiei se numără slăbiciunile musculare<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated30_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated30-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, reflexe încete<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated30_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated30-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ileus_paralitic&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ileus paralitic — pagină inexistentă">ileusul paralitic</a>, anomaliile ECG<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> și, în cazurile severe, paralizia respiratorie, alcaloza și aritmia cardiacă<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filtrarea_și_excreția"><span id="Filtrarea_.C8.99i_excre.C8.9Bia"></span>Filtrarea și excreția</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Modifică secțiunea: Filtrarea și excreția" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Filtrarea și excreția"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Potasiul este un micronutrient mineral esențial în nutriția umană; este cationul major din interiorul organismelor animale, fiind important în menținerea echilibrului fluidelor și electroliților din corp<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Cationii de <a href="/wiki/Sodiu" title="Sodiu">sodiu</a> sunt prezenți în plasma sanguină în cantitatea de 145 miliechivalenți per litru (3345 miligrame)<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> și potasiul în fluidele celulelor în cantitatea de 150 miliechivalenți per litru (4800 miligrame)<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Plasma este filtrată prin glomerulii rinichilor în cantități mari, ce pot atinge nivelul de 180 litri pe zi.<sup id="cite_ref-Potts1964_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Potts1964-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Prin aceasta, 602 grame de sodiu și 33 grame de potasiu sunt filtrate zilnic. </p><p>Cantitatea de element care trebuie reabsorbită din dietă este preferabil a se situa la nivelul de 1-10 grame de sodiu și 1-4 miligrame de potasiu. Sodiul trebuie reabsorbit în așa manieră încât volumul sanguin să fie constant, la fel și presiunea osmotică; potasiul trebuie absorbit încât să mențină concentrația serului la 4.8 miliechivalente (aproximativ 190 miligrame) per litru.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pompa de sodiu din rinichi trebuie să opereze mereu pentru a conserva sodiul; potasiul trebuie de asemenea conservat, însă pe măsură ce cantitatea de potasiu din plasma sanguină este foarte mică și cantitatea de potasiu din celule este de treizeci de ori mai mare, acest lucru nu reprezintă o problemă pentru organism. Din moment ce potasiul este pompat pasiv<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> comparativ cu sodiul, ca răspuns la un aparent echilibru Donnan,<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> urina nu poate scădea nivelul de potasiu din ser, exceptând situațiile când excretă apă în mod activ la sfârșitul procesării. Potasiul este secretat de două ori și reabsorbit de trei ori înainte ca urina să ajungă la tuburile colectoare.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> La acel punct, de obicei, concentrația de potasiu este aceeași cu cea din plasmă. Dacă este eliminat din dietă, există o excreție minimă obligatorie de potasiu de către rinichi, de aproximativ 200&#160;mg pe zi, când serul ajunge la nivelul de 3.0-3.5 miliechivalențe per litru în aproape o săptămână,<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> și nu poate fi eliminat total. Deoarece nu poate fi stopat complet, decesul intervine atunci când toată cantitatea de potasiu a corpului scade către jumătate. La sfârșitul procesării, potasiul este secretat încă o dată, dacă nivelurile serului sunt prea mari.<span class="citationNeeded skin-invert"></span><sup class="noprint"><span style="color:red;">&#91;<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citarea_surselor" title="Wikipedia:Citarea surselor"><i>necesită&#160;citare</i></a>&#93;</span></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16584850">.mw-parser-output .citationNeeded{background-color:#ffeaea;color:#444444}</style> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Reference_ranges_for_blood_tests_-_by_molarity.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Reference_ranges_for_blood_tests_-_by_molarity.png/600px-Reference_ranges_for_blood_tests_-_by_molarity.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Reference_ranges_for_blood_tests_-_by_molarity.png/900px-Reference_ranges_for_blood_tests_-_by_molarity.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Reference_ranges_for_blood_tests_-_by_molarity.png/1200px-Reference_ranges_for_blood_tests_-_by_molarity.png 2x" data-file-width="6576" data-file-height="382" /></a><figcaption>Referințe pentru testele de sânge, arătând cantitatea de potasiu din sânge (3.6 spre 5.2 moli/l) în albastru, în partea dreaptă a spectrului.</figcaption></figure> <p>Potasiul este pompat pasiv prin peretele celular. Când ionii se mișcă prin pompe, acestea au anumite spații pe fiecare parte a peretelui celular și doar un singur spațiu poate fi deschis. Ca rezultat, sunt forțați să intre 100 de ioni pe secundă. Porii au doar un singur spațiu, iar acest tip de ioni pot trece de la un număr de 10 milioane la 100 de milioane de ioni pe secundă.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Porii au nevoie de calciu pentru a se putea deschide<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> deși se crede că acesta acționează în mod revers, blocând cel puțin unul din pori.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Grupările carbonil din interiorul porilor aminoacizilor mimetizează hidratarea apei ce are loc în soluțiile apoase<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> prin natura încărcărilor electrostatice a celor patru grupări carbonil din interiorul porilor.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Potasiul_în_dietă_și_ca_supliment_alimentar"><span id="Potasiul_.C3.AEn_diet.C4.83_.C8.99i_ca_supliment_alimentar"></span>Potasiul în dietă și ca supliment alimentar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Modifică secțiunea: Potasiul în dietă și ca supliment alimentar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Potasiul în dietă și ca supliment alimentar"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aportul_adecvat">Aportul adecvat</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Modifică secțiunea: Aportul adecvat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Aportul adecvat"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Un aport adecvat de potasiu<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> pentru a susține viața este garantat prin consumarea unor alimente variate, în special <a href="/wiki/Legume" class="mw-redirect" title="Legume">legume</a>. Cazurile clare de deficiență de potasiu sunt rare la indivizii care au o <a href="/wiki/Diet%C4%83" title="Dietă">dietă</a> echilibrată. Alimentele cu un conținut ridicat de potasiu includ sucul de <a href="/wiki/Portocale" class="mw-redirect" title="Portocale">portocale</a><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Cartof" title="Cartof">cartofii</a><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Banan%C4%83" title="Banană">bananele</a><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99ii" class="mw-redirect" title="Roșii">roșiile</a><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Broccoli" title="Broccoli">broccoli</a><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Soia" title="Soia">soia</a><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Orez" title="Orez">orezul</a> brun<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Usturoi" title="Usturoi">usturoiul</a><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Cais%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Caisă">caisele</a><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> și <a href="/wiki/Avocado" title="Avocado">avocado</a><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, potasiul fiind des întâlnit în majoritatea <a href="/wiki/Fructe" class="mw-redirect" title="Fructe">fructelor</a>, legumelor și cărnurilor.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Compoziție_nutritivă[102]:"><span id="Compozi.C8.9Bie_nutritiv.C4.83.5B102.5D:"></span>Compoziție nutritivă<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>:</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Modifică secțiunea: Compoziție nutritivă[102]:" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Compoziție nutritivă[102]:"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Aliment (100 g) </th> <th>Valoare nutrițională (mg) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Turmeric </td> <td>2525 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Algă uscată</i> </td> <td><i>1363</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Caisă uscată</i> </td> <td><i>1162</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fistic </td> <td>1025 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Stafidă</i> </td> <td><i>1000</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Migdale prăjite </td> <td>746 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Migdale crude </td> <td>725 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ciocolată amăruie </td> <td>715 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arahide </td> <td>705 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Smochine uscate </td> <td>680 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alune de pădure </td> <td>680 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Spanac</i> </td> <td><i>558</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cartofi copți în coajă </td> <td>535 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Avocado</i> </td> <td><i>485</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nuci </td> <td>441 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fasole boabe </td> <td>405 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Salată verde</i> </td> <td><i>360</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Banane </td> <td>358 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Pepene galben</i> </td> <td><i>350</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Carne de porc</i> </td> <td><i>350</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Carne de miel</i> </td> <td><i>350</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cartof dulce </td> <td>337 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sfeclă roșie </td> <td>325 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Morcov</i> </td> <td><i>320</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ciuperci champignon </td> <td>318 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kiwi </td> <td>312 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ridichi albe </td> <td>280 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Caisă</i> </td> <td><i>259</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Carne de pui</i> </td> <td><i>250</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Roșii </td> <td>237 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ridichi roșii </td> <td>233 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Smochine crude</i> </td> <td>232 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vânătă </td> <td>230 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Iaurt</i> </td> <td><i>228</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ardei gras roșu</i> </td> <td><i>211</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Dovleac</i> </td> <td><i>200</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Portocale </td> <td>181 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Mango</i> </td> <td><i>156</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lapte integral </td> <td>143 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lămâie </td> <td>138 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Grapefruit (roz sau roșu) </td> <td>135 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ouă de găină </td> <td>134 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Algă crudă</i> </td> <td><i>127</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aportul_optim">Aportul optim</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Modifică secțiunea: Aportul optim" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Aportul optim"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Studiile epidemiologice și studiile pe animale pentru a studia hipertensiunea au indicat că dietele cu conținut mare de potasiu pot reduce riscul apariției hipertensiunii arteriale și infarctelor (printr-un mecanism independent de presiunea sanguină) și un deficit de potasiu combinat cu un aport inadecvat de tiamină a produs boli cardiace la șobolani.<sup id="cite_ref-Folis1942_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Folis1942-103"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Cu aceste rezultate, aportul optim de potasiu este disputat. De exemplu, în anul 2004 directivele Institutului de Medicină specificau o doză optimă recomandată de 4,000&#160;mg de potasiu (100 miliechivalente), deși majoritatea americanilor consumă doar jumătate din acea cantitate pe zi, care i-ar categorisi ca fiind deficienți conform acestei recomandări.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Similar, în Uniunea Europeană, în <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a> și <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>, deficitul de potasiu este comun.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Valoare Nutrițională de Referință (VNR) recomandată de Uniunea Europeană este de 2000&#160;mg.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Supliment_medical_și_boli"><span id="Supliment_medical_.C8.99i_boli"></span>Supliment medical și boli</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Modifică secțiunea: Supliment medical și boli" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Supliment medical și boli"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Suplimentele pe bază de potasiu în medicină sunt utilizate în diureticele anselor și tiazidelor, clase de diuretice care elimină sodiul și apa, însă au ca efect secundar pierderea potasiului în urină<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. O varietate de suplimente medicale și non-medicale sunt disponibile. Sărurile de potasiu precum clorura de potasiu pot fi dizolvate în apă, însă gustul sărat/amar din cauza concentrației mari de ioni de potasiu fac ca suplimentele lichide palatabile de concentrație mare să fie greu de suportat.<sup id="cite_ref-WithoutTaste_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WithoutTaste-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated8_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated8-108"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Suplimentele medicale tipice au doze ce variază de la 10 miliechivalențe (400&#160;mg, aproximativ egale cu o cană de lapte) la 20 miliechivalențe (800&#160;mg) per doză. Sărurile de potasiu sunt disponibile în tablete sau capsule<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated8_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated8-108"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, care pentru scopuri terapeutice sunt formulate pentru a permite potasiului să iasă începând din matriță, pe măsură ce concentrația mare de ioni de potasiu poate ucide țesutul, și poate cauza leziuni mucoase gastrice sau intestinale. Din acest motiv, suplimentele cu potasiu fără prescripție sunt limitate în Statele Unite la doar 99&#160;mg de potasiu.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Indivizii afectați de boli renale pot suferi anumite reacții adverse datorate consumului excesiv de potasiu din alimentație<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Pacienții cu insuficiență renală care fac dializă trebuie să aibă în vedere limitele aportului de potasiu<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, rinichii fiind cei care controlează excreția potasiului și instalarea hipokalemiei sau hiperkalemiei pot declanșa aritmii cardiace fatale<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aplicații"><span id="Aplica.C8.9Bii"></span>Aplicații</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18" title="Modifică secțiunea: Aplicații" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Aplicații"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aplicații_agricole"><span id="Aplica.C8.9Bii_agricole"></span>Aplicații agricole</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19" title="Modifică secțiunea: Aplicații agricole" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Aplicații agricole"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Patentkali_(Potassium_sulfate_with_magnesium).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Patentkali_%28Potassium_sulfate_with_magnesium%29.jpg/220px-Patentkali_%28Potassium_sulfate_with_magnesium%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Patentkali_%28Potassium_sulfate_with_magnesium%29.jpg/330px-Patentkali_%28Potassium_sulfate_with_magnesium%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Patentkali_%28Potassium_sulfate_with_magnesium%29.jpg/440px-Patentkali_%28Potassium_sulfate_with_magnesium%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1316" data-file-height="1386" /></a><figcaption>Fertilizatori pe bază de sulfat de potasiu și magneziu</figcaption></figure> <p>Principala utilizare în domeniul agriculturii, horticulturii și culturile hidroponice este cea de îngrășământ chimic sub formă de <a href="/wiki/Clorur%C4%83_de_potasiu" title="Clorură de potasiu">clorură de potasiu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulfat_de_potasiu" title="Sulfat de potasiu">sulfat de potasiu</a> sau <a href="/wiki/Azotat_de_potasiu" title="Azotat de potasiu">azotat de potasiu</a>. Aproximativ 93% din producția mondială de potasiu este consumată de industria îngrășămintelor.<sup id="cite_ref-USGSYB2006_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGSYB2006-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Clorur%C4%83_de_potasiu" title="Clorură de potasiu">Clorură de potasiu</a></b>; KCl, numită și <i>muriat de potasiu</i> sau <i>silvină</i>, este cel mai comun compus de potasiu utilizat cu rol de fertilizator sub formă granulară, având dezavantajul că absoarbe ușor apa ceea ce conduce la formarea bulgărilor. Conține 60%K<sub>2</sub>O (50% K).<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated26_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated26-113"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p><b>Sulfat de potasiu</b>; K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>. Conține 50% K<sub>2</sub>O (42&#160;% K). În practica agricolă, este mult mai apreciat decât KCl deoarece, spre deosebire de clorură, sulfatul de potasiu nu prezintă probleme de aglomerare în condiții de umiditate și poate fi folosit în combinație cu alte îngrășăminte<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated26_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated26-113"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Totuși, este mult mai scump decât clorura, și nu a fost observată nicio diferență de eficacitate în fertilizare față de efectele aplicării K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> sau KCl<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated27_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated27-114"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Altele două surse de potasiu impur sunt folosite uneori ca și fertilizatori: sărurile de potasiu (30% K<sub>2</sub>O, 25% K) și Kainitul (14&#160;% K<sub>2</sub>O, 12% K)<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated27_114-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated27-114"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Aceștia absorb umezeala și au tendința de pietrificare. Totodată conțin o proporție însemnată de clorură de sodiu, astfel încât folosirea regulată a acestora poate conduce la diminuarea până la distrugerea fertilității solului prin salinizare excesivă<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated27_114-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated27-114"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aplicații_alimentare"><span id="Aplica.C8.9Bii_alimentare"></span>Aplicații alimentare</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20" title="Modifică secțiunea: Aplicații alimentare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Aplicații alimentare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ionul de potasiu este un nutriment necesar pentru viața și sănătatea umană. Clorura de potasiu este utilizat ca un substitut pentru sarea de masă de către cei care vor să reducă aportul de sodiu pentru a putea controla hipertensiunea. Listele Departamentului de Agricultură al Statelor Unite au considerat că pasta de tomate, sucul de portocale, sfecla, bananele, cartofii și multe alte alimente ca fiind alimente cu un conținut de potasiu optim.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tartratul de potasiu și sodiu, sau sarea Rochell (KNaC<sub>4</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>6</sub>) este principalul constituent al prafului de copt<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Bromura de potasiu (KBr) este un oxidant puternic, folosit ca îmbunătățitor al făinii (E924)<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated20_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated20-117"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> pentru a îmbunătăți aluatul și a-i îmbunătăți creșterea; a fost interzis in 1989 ca si consecinta a posibilului sau caracter carcinogen<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated20_117-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated20-117"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Bisulfitul de potasiu ( K<sub>2</sub>2(SO<sub>3</sub>) ) este folosit ca un conservant alimentar<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated7_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated7-118"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, de exemplu în vinuri și în fabricarea berii (însă nu și în cărnuri<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated7_118-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated7-118"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>). Este folosit și în înălbirea textilelor<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated32_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated32-119"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> și în tăbăcirea pieilor<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated32_119-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated32-119"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aplicații_biologice"><span id="Aplica.C8.9Bii_biologice"></span>Aplicații biologice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21" title="Modifică secțiunea: Aplicații biologice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Aplicații biologice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ionii de potasiu sunt o componentă esențială în nutriția plantelor și sunt intâlniți în cele mai multe tipuri de soluri. </p><p>În celulele <a href="/wiki/Animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal">animale</a>, ionii de potasiu sunt vitali în menținerea celulelor vii, participand in procesul de pompare Na<sup>+</sup>-K<sup>+</sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Sub forma clorurii de potasiu, poate fi utilizat în oprirea activității cardiace, de exemplu la operațiile pe inimă și în soluțiile folosite în executarea prin injecția letală<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aplicații_științifice_și_industriale"><span id="Aplica.C8.9Bii_.C8.99tiin.C8.9Bifice_.C8.99i_industriale"></span>Aplicații științifice și industriale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22" title="Modifică secțiunea: Aplicații științifice și industriale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Aplicații științifice și industriale"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vaporii de potasiu sunt utilizați în unele tipuri de magnetometre<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Magnetometrul de rezonanță optică se bazează pe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Efect_Zeeman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Efect Zeeman — pagină inexistentă">efectul Zeeman</a> de despicare a nivelelor energetice ale electronului, proporțional cu intensitatea câmpului magnetic exterior<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-125"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Vaporii metalelor alcaline din celulele rezonatoare sunt excitate de lumina monocromatică ce provine de la o lampă încărcată cu același tip de vapori<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_125-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-125"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Acest procedeu face posibilă absorbția de energie de către fotoni și trecerea lor într-o stare energetică superioară, producând în paralel un maxim în spectrul de absorbție a luminii în celula fotosensibilă<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_125-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-125"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Acest fenomen are loc în lipsa câmpului magnetic <sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_125-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-125"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Dacă asupra celulei rezonatoare se aplică un câmp magnetic, despicarea datorată efectului Zeeman creează noi niveluri energetice, superioare nivelelor excitate de lumina monocromatică, din care electronii nu mai pot fi excitați de către fotonii luminii monocromatice incidente. Analiza spectrului de absorbție, prin măsurarea despicării nivelelor energetice și folosirea formulei frecvenței Larmor, conduce la determinarea cu foarte mare precizie a intensității câmpului magnetic.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_125-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-125"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Un aliaj de potasiu și sodiu este o substanță lichidă la temperatura camerei<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, fiind folosită ca un mediu pentru transferul de căldură<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>; poate fi folosit ca un desicant pentru producerea solvenților uscați. Deși pe suprafața acestui aliaj s-a format un strat insolubil, care nu provoacă probleme aliajului, exista un risc semnificativ de explozie daca acest material nu este manevrat corect<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated12_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated12-128"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Din moment ce superoxidul format pe suprafața aliajului poate conduce la aprinderea spontană, folosirea sa în distilarea solvenților trebuie sa fie descurajată<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated12_128-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated12-128"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Reziduurile trebuie tratate cu tert-butanol și cu etanol, înainte de a fi diluate cu apă și neutralizate<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated12_128-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated12-128"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Potasiul metalic reacționează viguros cu toți halogenii pentru a forma haliții corespunzători potasiului, care sunt săruri albe și solubile în apă cu o morfologie cristalină în sistem cubic. Bromura de potasiu<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> și iodura de potasiu<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated21_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated21-131"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> sunt folosiți în emulsiile fotografice pentru a fi corespondenții haliților fotosensibili ai argintului<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated21_131-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated21-131"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p><b>Hidroxidul de potasiu</b> este o bază puternică, fiind folosită în industrie în neutralizarea acizilor puternici și slabi, astfel având o utilizare în controlul pH-ului<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> și în fabricarea sărurilor de potasiu. Totodată este folosit în fabricarea săpunurilor<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, uleiurilor și în reacțiile de hidroliză a uleiurilor, de exemplu a esterilor și în detergenților industriali. </p><p><b>Azotatul de potasiu</b> (salpetrul de India) este obținut din surse naturale precum guano<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated18_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated18-134"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> și evaporiți sau fabricat prin procesul Haber, fiind un oxidant utilizat în praful de pușcă<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated18_134-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated18-134"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-135"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> sau în îngrășăminte<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_135-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-135"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p><b>Cianura de potasiu</b> este folosită în industrie în dizolvarea cuprului și a metalelor prețioase precum aurul și argintul prin formarea complecșilor<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>; aplicațiile acesteia includ mineritul aurului, electroplatinarea și electroformarea acestor metale. Totodată este folosită în sinteza organică pentru a forma nitrilii. </p><p><b>Carbonatul de potasiu</b> (potasă) este utilizat în fabricarea sticlei. Daca este folosita o cantitate pura de carbonat, alaturi de carbonat de calciu si dioxid de siliciu, se obtine o sticla de o calitate superioara, caracterizate de duritate inalta, fuzibilitate grea si rezistenta mare la actiunea substantelor de natura chimica<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>; mai este folosit la fabricarea săpunului<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> și ca un desicant ușor<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p><b>Cromatul de potasiu</b> (K<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub>) este utilizat în cerneluri<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, vopsele<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, pete<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, explozibili<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, artificii și chibrituri<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p><b>Fluorosilicatul de potasiu</b> (K<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub>6</sub>) este utilizat în confecționarea sticlelor specializate, ceramică<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> și smalțuri<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p><b>Sarea lui Rochell</b> (KNaC<sub>4</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>6</sub>) este folosită în argintarea oglinzilor<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p><b>Superoxidul de potasiu</b> KO<sub>2</sub> este un compus solid de culoare portocalie care poate fi folosită ca o sursă portabilă de oxigen<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated19_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated19-148"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> și ca un absorbant de dioxid de carbon. Este utilizat in sistemele portabile de respirație<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated19_148-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated19-148"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> si la scară largă de submarine și navete spațiale, având un volum mai mic decât al O<sub>2</sub> (g)<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated19_148-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated19-148"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>4KO<sub>2</sub> + 2CO<sub>2</sub> → 2K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> + 3O<sub>2</sub> </p><p><b>Cloratul de potasiu</b> este un oxidant puternic<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, fiind folosit în fabricarea chibriturilor<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> și în agricultură ca erbicid<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aspecte_de_sănătate_și_securitate"><span id="Aspecte_de_s.C4.83n.C4.83tate_.C8.99i_securitate"></span>Aspecte de sănătate și securitate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23" title="Modifică secțiunea: Aspecte de sănătate și securitate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Aspecte de sănătate și securitate"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Potasiul <a href="/wiki/Reac%C8%9Bie_chimic%C4%83" title="Reacție chimică">reacționează</a> în mod violent cu <a href="/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă">apa</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated4_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-152"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> producând <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a> <a href="/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz">gazos</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated4_152-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-152"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, care de obicei se aprinde. Este ținut în <a href="/wiki/Ulei" title="Ulei">uleiuri</a> precum cel mineral sau <a href="/wiki/Kerosen" title="Kerosen">kerosen</a>, pentru a opri reacția dintre <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a> și <a href="/wiki/Vapor" title="Vapor">vaporii</a> de <a href="/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă">apă</a> prezenți în <a href="/wiki/Aer" title="Aer">aer</a><sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Cu toate acestea, spre deosebire de <a href="/wiki/Litiu" title="Litiu">litiu</a> și <a href="/wiki/Sodiu" title="Sodiu">sodiu</a>, potasiul nu trebuie ținut definitiv în ulei<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated6_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-155"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Dacă este menținut în acest mediu mai mult de șase luni spre un <a href="/wiki/An" title="An">an</a>, pe <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a> se poate forma peroxid sensibil la <a href="/wiki/%C8%98oc" class="mw-disambig" title="Șoc">șoc</a>, fiind un factor periculos care poate determina o <a href="/wiki/Explozie" title="Explozie">explozie</a> prin deschiderea capacului mediului colector<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated6_155-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-155"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Este recomandat ca potasiul, <a href="/wiki/Rubidiu" title="Rubidiu">rubidiul</a> sau <a href="/wiki/Cesiu" title="Cesiu">cesiul</a> să nu fie stocate mai mult de trei <a href="/wiki/Lun%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Lună">luni</a>, decât dacă sunt ținute într-un mediu cu <a href="/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz">gaz</a> inert (fără <a href="/wiki/Oxigen" title="Oxigen">oxigen</a>) sau în <a href="/wiki/Vid" title="Vid">vid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">Corpul</a> se protejează în mod natural de intoxicația cu potasiu prin <a href="/wiki/Dizolvare" title="Dizolvare">dizolvarea</a> și <a href="/wiki/Excre%C8%9Bie" title="Excreție">excreția</a> <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineralului</a>. În cazuri severe, o persoană va vomita, pentru a păstra limitele biologice ale <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A2nge" title="Sânge">sângelui</a> în parametri optimi<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Dacă excesul de potasiu nu poate fi înlăturat, se instalează problemele cardiace. </p><p>Potasiul este extrem de <a href="/wiki/Coroziune" title="Coroziune">coroziv</a> și distructiv asupra <a href="/wiki/%C8%9Aesuturi" class="mw-redirect" title="Țesuturi">țesuturilor</a> umane, iar toxicitatea potasiului <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metalic</a> în organismul uman este aproape tot timpul atribuită anionului<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-158"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>; își manifestă proprietățile toxice prin indigestie<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_158-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-158"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, absorbție dermală<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_158-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-158"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> și ingestie<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_158-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-158"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Nu s-au raportat efecte carcinogenice, teratogenice sau mutagenice datorate expunerii cronice la potasiu<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_158-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-158"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Inhalarea prafurilor și particulelor de potasiu pot irita <a href="/wiki/Ochi" title="Ochi">ochii</a> și căile respiratorii<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Potasiul poate reacționa cu apa conținută de pasajul bronhial pentru a forma <a href="/wiki/Hidroxid_de_potasiu" title="Hidroxid de potasiu">hidroxid de potasiu</a>, care datorită <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caustic&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Caustic — pagină inexistentă">causticității</a> sale poate cauza distrugeri ale țesuturilor, arsuri, ulcerații<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_158-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-158"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Vaporii de potasiu în stare de <a href="/wiki/Oxid" title="Oxid">oxid</a> pot de asemenea să irite <a href="/wiki/Ochi" title="Ochi">ochii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nas" title="Nas">nasul</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A2t" title="Gât">gâtul</a> și căile respiratorii și pot cauza <a href="/wiki/Tuse" title="Tuse">tuse</a>, presiune toracală, stări de rău, <a href="/wiki/Vom%C4%83" title="Vomă">vomă</a> și pneumonită<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_158-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-158"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Poate reacționa violent sau chiar să explodeze în contact cu mucoasa umedă, ochi umezi sau chiar <a href="/wiki/Piele" class="mw-disambig" title="Piele">pielea</a> transpirată, cauzând arsuri termice și distrugeri tisulare<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_158-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-158"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Ingestia poate cauza dureri grave<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated22_160-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated22-160"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, vomă<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Diaree" title="Diaree">diaree</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated22_160-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated22-160"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> și pierderea cunoștinței<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_158-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-158"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>; efectele gastrointestinale pot fi severe și posibil letale<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_158-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-158"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=24" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small columns references-column-count references-column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3; list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Potassium</i>, Chris Woodford, pagina 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated14-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated14_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated14_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Vegetable substances: materials of manufactures</i>, Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Great Britain), pagina 270</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated24-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated24_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated24_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Prudent practices in the laboratory: handling and disposal of chemicals</i>, National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Prudent Practice, pagina 382</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Nature's building blocks: an A-Z guide to the elements</i> By John Emsley, pagina 338</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Potassium, Chris Woodford, pagina 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Potassium</i><div> By Chris Woodford, pagina 4</div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>SODIUM-RESTRICTED DIETS AND THE USE OF DIURETICS, Rationale, Complications, and Practical Aspects of Their-Use</i> Committee on Sodium-Restricted Diets Food and Nutrition Board National Research Council National Academy of Sciences Washington, D.C. l979, pagina 29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Clays and clay minerals</i>, Volume 42, Issues 1-3, edited by Clay Minerals Society, pagina 377</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-webelements-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-webelements_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-webelements_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-webelements_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-webelements_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-webelements_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Mark Winter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/K/key.html">„Potassium: Key Information”</a>. Webelements.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Potassium%3A+Key+Information&amp;rft.pub=Webelements&amp;rft.au=Mark+Winter&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webelements.com%2Fwebelements%2Felements%2Ftext%2FK%2Fkey.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APotasiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Potassium</i>, Chris Woodford, pagina 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Potassium</i>, Greg Roza, pagina 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated16-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated16_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated16_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Inorganic chemistry</i> By Egon Wiberg, Nils Wiberg, Arnold Frederick Holleman, pagina 1094</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Creation and double chaos: science and theology in discussion</i>, By Sjoerd Lieuwe Bonting, pagina 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">A.G.W. Cameron (<time datetime="1957">1957</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/sgp/eprint/CRL-41.pdf">„Stellar Evolution, Nuclear Astrophysics, and Nucleogenesis&#124;”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>CRL-41</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=CRL-41&amp;rft.atitle=Stellar+Evolution%2C+Nuclear+Astrophysics%2C+and+Nucleogenesis%26%23124%3B&amp;rft.date=1957&amp;rft.au=A.G.W.+Cameron&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fsgp%2Feprint%2FCRL-41.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APotasiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology</i> edited by George M. Garrity, Don J. Brenner, Noel R. Krieg, pagina 96</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Potassium</i> (denumirea in limba engleza vine de la cenușă obținută în urma arderii plantelor și care era folosita ulterior la obținerea săpunului. Arderea avea loc în vase și de aici "pot-ash"), Greg Roza, pagina 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>A text-book on chemistry: For the use of schools and colleges</i> By Henry Draper, pagina 313</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>A text-book on chemistry</i>, John William Draper, pagina 264</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Enghag2004-19"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Enghag2004_19-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Enghag, P. (<time datetime="2004">2004</time>). „11. Sodium and Potassium”. <i>Encyclopedia of the elements</i>. Wiley-VCH Weinheim. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/3527306668" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/3527306668">3527306668</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=11.+Sodium+and+Potassium&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+elements&amp;rft.pub=Wiley-VCH+Weinheim&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=3527306668&amp;rft.au=Enghag%2C+P.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APotasiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davy1807-20"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Davy1807_20-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Davy, Humphry (<time datetime="1808">1808</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Kg9GAAAAMAAJ">„On some new Phenomena of Chemical Changes produced by Electricity, particularly the Decomposition of the fixed Alkalies, and the Exhibition of the new Substances, which constitute their Bases”</a> &#91;Despre câteva noi fenomene de schimbări chimice produse de electricitate, îndeosebi descompunerea alcalilor ficși și relevarea de noi substanțe ce constituie bazele lor&#93;. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London</i>. <b>98</b>: 1–45. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstl.1808.0001">10.1098/rstl.1808.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-0523">0261-0523</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London&amp;rft.atitle=On+some+new+Phenomena+of+Chemical+Changes+produced+by+Electricity%2C+particularly+the+Decomposition+of+the+fixed+Alkalies%2C+and+the+Exhibition+of+the+new+Substances%2C+which+constitute+their+Bases&amp;rft.volume=98&amp;rft.pages=1-45&amp;rft.date=1808&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frstl.1808.0001&amp;rft.issn=0261-0523&amp;rft.aulast=Davy&amp;rft.aufirst=Humphry&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKg9GAAAAMAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APotasiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Nature's building blocks: an A-Z guide to the elements</i> de John Emsley, pagina 336</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/K.html">http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/K.html</a> (în engleză). ChemiCool. Accesat la 1 iulie 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Comprehensive Chemistry XI</i> By Dr. N . K. Verma, S. K. Khanna, Dr. B. Kapila, pagina 305</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Nature's building blocks: an A-Z guide to the elements</i>, By John Emsley, pagina 338</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated15-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated15_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated15_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Nature's building blocks: an A-Z guide to the elements</i>, By John Emsley, pagina 336</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/K.html#Wh">Periodic Table of Elements: Potassium - K (EnvironmentalChemistry.com)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Pollution control in fertilizer production</i>, By C. A. Hodge, Neculai N. Popovici, pagina 381</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated13-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated13_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated13_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated13_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><i>CRC handbook of chemistry and physics: a ready-reference book of chemical ...</i>, By David R. Lide, pagina 4-24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Germany: a general and regional geography By Robert Eric Dickinson, pagina 245</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Potassium</i>, By Chris Woodford, pagina 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Popular Mechanics</i> <span dir="ltr">Nov 1930</span>, pagina 795</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>A dictionary of chemistry and the allied branches of other sciences, Volume 5</i> By Henry Watts, pagina 183</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USGSCS2008-33"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USGSCS2008_33-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Ober, Joyce A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/potash/mcs-2008-potas.pdf">„Mineral Commodity Summaries 2008:Potash”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. United States Geological Survey<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2008-11-20">20 noiembrie 2008</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Mineral+Commodity+Summaries+2008%3APotash&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&amp;rft.aulast=Ober&amp;rft.aufirst=Joyce+A.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Fpotash%2Fmcs-2008-potas.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APotasiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USGSYB2006-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USGSYB2006_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USGSYB2006_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Ober, Joyce A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/potash/myb1-2006-potas.pdf">„Mineral Yearbook 2006:Potash”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 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Sci</i>. <b>223</b> (1): 65–74. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F00000441-195201000-00011">10.1097/00000441-195201000-00011</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14902792">14902792</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Am.+J.+Med.+Sci.&amp;rft.atitle=The+relation+of+serum+potassium+to+erythrocyte+potassium+in+normal+subjects+and+patients+with+potassium+deficiency&amp;rft.volume=223&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=65-74&amp;rft.date=1952&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F00000441-195201000-00011&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14902792&amp;rft.au=Lans+HS%2C+Stein+IF%2C+Meyer+KA&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APotasiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Mentenanță CS1: Nume multiple: lista autorilor (<a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mentenan%C8%9B%C4%83_CS1:_Nume_multiple:_lista_autorilor" title="Categorie:Mentenanță CS1: Nume multiple: lista autorilor">link</a>) </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Bennett CM, Brenner BM, Berliner RW (<time datetime="1968">1968</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC297160">„Micropuncture study of nephron function in the rhesus monkey”</a>. <i>J Clin Invest</i>. <b>47</b> (1): 203–216. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1172%2FJCI105710">10.1172/JCI105710</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC297160">297160</a>&#8239;<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Accesibil gratuit"><img alt="Accesibil gratuit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16695942">16695942</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=J+Clin+Invest&amp;rft.atitle=Micropuncture+study+of+nephron+function+in+the+rhesus+monkey&amp;rft.volume=47&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=203-216&amp;rft.date=1968&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC297160&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16695942&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1172%2FJCI105710&amp;rft.au=Bennett+CM%2C+Brenner+BM%2C+Berliner+RW&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC297160&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APotasiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Mentenanță CS1: Nume multiple: lista autorilor (<a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mentenan%C8%9B%C4%83_CS1:_Nume_multiple:_lista_autorilor" title="Categorie:Mentenanță CS1: Nume multiple: lista autorilor">link</a>) </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Solomon AK (<time datetime="1962">1962</time>). „Pumps in the living cell”. <i>Sci. Am</i>. <b>207</b> (2): 100–8. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0862-100">10.1038/scientificamerican0862-100</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13914986">13914986</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Sci.+Am.&amp;rft.atitle=Pumps+in+the+living+cell&amp;rft.volume=207&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=100-8&amp;rft.date=1962&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0862-100&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13914986&amp;rft.au=Solomon+AK&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APotasiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kernan, Roderick P. (<time datetime="1980">1980</time>). <i>Cell potassium (Transport in the life sciences)</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley &amp; Sons">Wiley</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0471048062" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0471048062">0471048062</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Cell+potassium+%28Transport+in+the+life+sciences%29&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Wiley&amp;rft.date=1980&amp;rft.isbn=0471048062&amp;rft.au=Kernan%2C+Roderick+P.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APotasiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537">; p. 40 &amp; 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Wright FS (<time datetime="1977">1977</time>). „Sites and mechanisms of potassium transport along the renal tubule”. <i>Kidney Int</i>. <b>11</b> (6): 415–32. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fki.1977.60">10.1038/ki.1977.60</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/875263">875263</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Kidney+Int.&amp;rft.atitle=Sites+and+mechanisms+of+potassium+transport+along+the+renal+tubule&amp;rft.volume=11&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.pages=415-32&amp;rft.date=1977&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fki.1977.60&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F875263&amp;rft.au=Wright+FS&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APotasiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Squires RD, Huth EJ (<time datetime="1959">1959</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC293261">„Experimental potassium depletion in normal human subjects. I. Relation of ionic intakes to the renal conservation of potassium”</a>. <i>J. Clin. Invest</i>. <b>38</b> (7): 1134–48. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1172%2FJCI103890">10.1172/JCI103890</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC293261">293261</a>&#8239;<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Accesibil gratuit"><img alt="Accesibil gratuit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13664789">13664789</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=J.+Clin.+Invest.&amp;rft.atitle=Experimental+potassium+depletion+in+normal+human+subjects.+I.+Relation+of+ionic+intakes+to+the+renal+conservation+of+potassium&amp;rft.volume=38&amp;rft.issue=7&amp;rft.pages=1134-48&amp;rft.date=1959&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC293261&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13664789&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1172%2FJCI103890&amp;rft.au=Squires+RD%2C+Huth+EJ&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC293261&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APotasiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Gadsby DC (<time datetime="2004">2004</time>). „Ion transport: spot the difference”. <i>Nature</i>. <b>427</b> (6977): 795–7. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F427795a">10.1038/427795a</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14985745">14985745</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature&amp;rft.atitle=Ion+transport%3A+spot+the+difference&amp;rft.volume=427&amp;rft.issue=6977&amp;rft.pages=795-7&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F427795a&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14985745&amp;rft.au=Gadsby+DC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APotasiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537">; for a diagram of the potassium pores are viewed, see <cite class="citation journal">Miller C (<time datetime="2001">2001</time>). „See potassium run”. <i>Nature</i>. <b>414</b> (6859): 23–4. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F35102126">10.1038/35102126</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11689922">11689922</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature&amp;rft.atitle=See+potassium+run&amp;rft.volume=414&amp;rft.issue=6859&amp;rft.pages=23-4&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F35102126&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11689922&amp;rft.au=Miller+C&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APotasiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Jiang Y, Lee A, Chen J, Cadene M, Chait BT, MacKinnon R (<time datetime="2002">2002</time>). „Crystal structure and mechanism of a calcium-gated potassium channel”. <i>Nature</i>. <b>417</b> (6888): 515–22. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F417515a">10.1038/417515a</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12037559">12037559</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature&amp;rft.atitle=Crystal+structure+and+mechanism+of+a+calcium-gated+potassium+channel&amp;rft.volume=417&amp;rft.issue=6888&amp;rft.pages=515-22&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F417515a&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12037559&amp;rft.au=Jiang+Y%2C+Lee+A%2C+Chen+J%2C+Cadene+M%2C+Chait+BT%2C+MacKinnon+R&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APotasiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Mentenanță CS1: Nume multiple: lista autorilor (<a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mentenan%C8%9B%C4%83_CS1:_Nume_multiple:_lista_autorilor" title="Categorie:Mentenanță CS1: Nume multiple: lista autorilor">link</a>) </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Shi N, Ye S, Alam A, Chen L, Jiang Y (<time datetime="2006">2006</time>). „Atomic structure of a Na+- and K+-conducting channel”. <i>Nature</i>. <b>440</b> (7083): 570–4. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature04508">10.1038/nature04508</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16467789">16467789</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature&amp;rft.atitle=Atomic+structure+of+a+Na%2B-+and+K%2B-conducting+channel&amp;rft.volume=440&amp;rft.issue=7083&amp;rft.pages=570-4&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature04508&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16467789&amp;rft.au=Shi+N%2C+Ye+S%2C+Alam+A%2C+Chen+L%2C+Jiang+Y&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APotasiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Mentenanță CS1: Nume multiple: lista autorilor (<a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mentenan%C8%9B%C4%83_CS1:_Nume_multiple:_lista_autorilor" title="Categorie:Mentenanță CS1: Nume multiple: lista autorilor">link</a>) </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537">; includes a detailed picture of atoms in the pump.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Zhou Y, Morais-Cabral JH, Kaufman A, MacKinnon R (<time datetime="2001">2001</time>). „Chemistry of ion coordination and hydration revealed by a K+ channel-Fab complex at 2.0 A resolution”. <i>Nature</i>. <b>414</b> (6859): 43–8. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F35102009">10.1038/35102009</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11689936">11689936</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature&amp;rft.atitle=Chemistry+of+ion+coordination+and+hydration+revealed+by+a+K%2B+channel-Fab+complex+at+2.0+A+resolution&amp;rft.volume=414&amp;rft.issue=6859&amp;rft.pages=43-8&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F35102009&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11689936&amp;rft.au=Zhou+Y%2C+Morais-Cabral+JH%2C+Kaufman+A%2C+MacKinnon+R&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APotasiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Mentenanță CS1: Nume multiple: lista autorilor (<a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mentenan%C8%9B%C4%83_CS1:_Nume_multiple:_lista_autorilor" title="Categorie:Mentenanță CS1: Nume multiple: lista autorilor">link</a>) </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Noskov SY, Bernèche S, Roux B (<time datetime="2004">2004</time>). „Control of ion selectivity in potassium channels by electrostatic and dynamic properties of carbonyl ligands”. <i>Nature</i>. <b>431</b> (7010): 830–4. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature02943">10.1038/nature02943</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15483608">15483608</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature&amp;rft.atitle=Control+of+ion+selectivity+in+potassium+channels+by+electrostatic+and+dynamic+properties+of+carbonyl+ligands&amp;rft.volume=431&amp;rft.issue=7010&amp;rft.pages=830-4&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature02943&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15483608&amp;rft.au=Noskov+SY%2C+Bern%C3%A8che+S%2C+Roux+B&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APotasiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; 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Golas, pagina 184</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>The cyanide process of gold extraction</i>, By James Park, pagina 19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>An Introduction to the Study of Chemistry</i>, By Ira Remsen, pagina 315</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Glycerine: a key cosmetic ingredient</i>, By Eric Jungermann, Norman O. V. Sonntag, pagina 395</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Philosophy of Mathematics</i>, By John Francis, pagina 331</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Real or fake: studies in authentication</i> By Joe Nickell, pagina 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Concise encyclopedia chemistry</i>, By Mary Eagleson, pagina 221</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Manual of Guitar Technology: The History and Technology of Plucked String ...</i> By Franz Jahnel, pagina 97</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Chemical risk analysis: a practical handbook</i> By Bernard Martel, Keith Cassidy, pagina 201</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buzzle.com/articles/potassium-uses-of-potassium.html">Potassium: Uses of Potassium</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Academic Press dictionary of science and technology</i>, By Christopher G. Morris, Academic Press, pagina 1704</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Concise encyclopedia chemistry</i>, By Mary Eagleson, pagina 888</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Chemistry of Familiar Things</i>, By Samuel Schmucker Sadtler, pagina 136</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated19-148">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated19_148-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated19_148-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated19_148-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Potassium</i> By Greg Roza, pagina 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Pyrotechnic Chemistry</i>, By B. J. Kosanke, B. Sturman, K. Kosanke, I. von Maltitz, T. Shimizu, M. A. Wilson, N. Kubota, C. Jennings-White, D. Chapman, pagina 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Preparatory Manual of Black Powder and Pyrotechnics</i> By Jared Ledgard, pagina 191</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Seeds of concern: the genetic manipulation of plants</i>, By David Ronald Murray, pagina 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated4-152">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated4_152-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated4_152-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Principles of Chemistry: The Molecular Science</i>, By John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski, Peter C. Jurs, pagina 160</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Handbook of industrial toxicology and hazardous materials</i>, By Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff, pagina 359</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>CXC chemistry</i>, By Jacqueline Fergusson, Richard Hart, pagina 335</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated6-155">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated6_155-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated6_155-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><i>AIEEE Chemistry</i> By E.Ramanathan, pagina 224</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Thomas K. Wray. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncsu.edu/ehs/www99/right/handsMan/lab/Peroxide.pdf">„DANGER: PEROXIDIZABLE CHEMICALS”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Environmental Health &amp; Public Safety (<a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Carolina_State_University&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="North Carolina State University — pagină inexistentă">North Carolina State University</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=DANGER%3A+PEROXIDIZABLE+CHEMICALS&amp;rft.pub=Environmental+Health+%26amp%3B+Public+Safety+%28North+Carolina+State+University%29&amp;rft.au=Thomas+K.+Wray&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncsu.edu%2Fehs%2Fwww99%2Fright%2FhandsMan%2Flab%2FPeroxide.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APotasiu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Molecular basis of human nutrition</i>, By Tom Sanders (Ph. D.), Tom Sanders, Peter Emery, pagina 124</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-158">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_158-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_158-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_158-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_158-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_158-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_158-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_158-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_158-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_158-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_158-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Risk management for hazardous chemicals, Volume 1</i>, By Jeffrey W. Vincoli, pagina 2637</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Working Guide to Drilling Equipment and Operations</i>, By William C. Lyons, pagina 47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated22-160">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated22_160-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated22_160-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Nutrition and AIDS</i>, By Khomdon Singh Lisam, Suchitra Lisam, pagina 161</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Agricultural medicine: a practical guide</i>, By James E. Lessenger, pagina 152</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=25" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Bibliografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Potassium</i>, Chris Woodford</li> <li><i>Vegetable substances: materials of manufactures</i>, Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Great Britain)</li> <li><i>Prudent practices in the laboratory: handling and disposal of chemicals</i>, National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Prudent Practice</li> <li><i>Nature's building blocks: an A-Z guide to the elements</i>, de John Emsley</li> <li><i>Sodium-restricted diets and the use of diuretics, Rationale, Complications, and Practical Aspects of Their- Use Committee on Sodium-Restricted Diets Food and Nutrition Board</i>, National Research Council National Academy of Sciences Washington, D.C. l979</li> <li><i>Clays and clay minerals, Volume 42, Issues 1-3</i>, edited de Clay Minerals Society</li> <li><i>Creation and double chaos: science and theology in discussion</i>, de Sjoerd Lieuwe Bonting</li> <li><i>Inorganic chemistry</i>, de Egon Wiberg, Nils Wiberg, Arnold Frederick Holleman</li> <li><i>Potassium</i>, Greg Roza</li> <li><i>A text-book on chemistry</i>, John William Draper</li> <li><i>Enghag, P. (2004). „11. Sodium and Potassium”. Encyclopedia of the elements.</i> Wiley-VCH Weinheim. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/3527306668" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-527-30666-8</a>.</li> <li><i>Pollution control in fertilizer production</i>, de C. A. Hodge, Neculai N. Popovici</li> <li><i>CRC handbook of chemistry and physics: a ready-reference book of chemical ...</i>, de David R. Lide</li> <li><i>Popular Mechanics</i> noiembrie 1930</li> <li><i>A dictionary of chemistry and the allied branches of other sciences</i>, Volume 5 de Henry Watts</li> <li><i>Physics for radiation protection: a handbook</i>, James E. Martin</li> <li><i>Archaeological chemistry</i>, Zvi Goffer</li> <li><i>Environmental radioactivity: from natural, industrial, and military sources</i>, Merril Eisenbud, Thomas F. Gesell</li> <li><i>Archaeology</i>, de Robert L. Kelly, David Hurst Thomas</li> <li><i>Surface mining</i>, B. A. Kennedy, Bruce A. Kennedy</li> <li><i>Igneous Rocks</i>, Joseph Paxson Iddings</li> <li><i>Chemistry</i>, de Eng Nguan, Lim Eng &amp; Lim Yean Ching</li> <li><i>The elements of inorganic chemistry</i>, de John Charles Buckmaster</li> <li><i>Chemical risk analysis: a practical handbook</i>, de Bernard Martel, Keith Cassidy</li> <li><i>A Text Book of Inorganic Chemistry</i>, de Anil Kumar De</li> <li><i>Advances in Agronomy, Volumes 1-16</i>, de Arthur Geoffrey Norman, American Society of Agronomy</li> <li><i>Ion exchange membranes: fundamentals and applications</i>, de Yoshinobu Tanaka</li> <li><i>Methods of seawater analysis</i>, de Klaus Grasshoff, Manfred Ehrhardt, Klaus Kremling, Lief G. Anderson</li> <li><i>Reagent chemicals: specifications and procedures&#160;: American Chemical Society ...</i>, de American Chemical Society</li> <li><i>G. Svelha, Vogels textbook of macro and semimicro qualitative inorganic analysis</i>, (5th edition), Longman Group,<a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0583443679" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0583443679</a></li> <li><i>The complete textbook of veterinary nursing</i>, de Victoria Aspinall</li> <li><i>New Scientist</i>, Apr 26, 1984</li> <li><i>Taste chemistry</i>, de R. S. Shallenberger</li> <li><i>Vegetarian sports nutrition</i>, de D. Enette Larson-Meyer</li> <li><i>Prescription for Nutritional Healing</i>, de Phyllis A. Balch</li> <li><i>Disorders of voluntary muscle</i>, de George Karpati, David Hilton-Jones, Robert C. Griggs</li> <li><i>Nutrient metabolism</i>, de Martin Köhlmeier</li> <li><i>The U.S. Navy Seal Guide to Fitness and Nutrition</i>, de Patricia A. Deuster, U.S. Navy, Anita Singh, Pierre A. Pelletier</li> <li><i>Essentials of pathophysiology: concepts of altered health states</i>, de Carol Porth</li> <li><i>Critical care medicine: perioperative management</i>, de Michael James Murray, American Society of Critical Care Anesthesiologists Potts, W.T.W. (1964).</li> <li><i>Osmotic and ionic regulation in animals.</i> Pergamon Press.</li> <li><i>Regulation of functional foods and nutraceuticals: a global perspective</i>, de Clare M. Hasler</li> <li><i>The Divine Prescription and Science of Health and Healing</i>, de Gunther B. Paulien</li> <li><i>Discovering Nutrition</i>, de Paul Insel, R. Elaine Turner, Don Ross</li> <li><i>New Vegetarian Baby</i>, de Sharon Yntema, Christine H. Beard</li> <li><i>Modern nutrition in health and disease</i>, de Maurice Edward Shils, Moshe Shike</li> <li><i>Asperger syndrome: natural steps toward a better life</i>, de Suzanne C. Lawton, Judyth Reichenberg-Ullman</li> <li><i>Handbook of nutraceuticals and functional foods</i>, de Robert E. C. Wildman</li> <li><i>Foods &amp; nutrition encyclopedia, Volume 1</i>, de Audrey H. Ensminger</li> <li><i>Stop &amp; Think: The Seven Habits of Healthy Living</i>, de Andrew Tutino</li> <li><i>Manual for pharmacy technicians</i>, de Linda Fred, American Society of Health-System Pharmacists</li> <li><i>Vitamins and Minerals Demystified</i>, de Steve Blake</li> <li><i>The AARP Guide to Pills: Essential Information on More Than 1,200 ...</i>, de AARP, Maryanne Hochadel, AARP (Organization), Jerry Avorn</li> <li><i>Textbook of basic nursing</i>, de Caroline Bunker Rosdahl, Mary T. Kowalski</li> <li><i>Excited delirium syndrome: cause of death and prevention</i>, de Theresa G. DiMaio, Theresa Di Maio, Vincent J. M. Di Maio</li> <li><i>Fertilisers for turf</i>, de David Mutrie Lawson, Sports Turf Research Institute</li> <li><i>Competition Science Vision</i>, aprilie 2006</li> <li><i>Your Mind Your Health Your Way de Janice M. Pickett,</i></li> <li><i>Dictionary of food ingredients</i>, de Robert S. Igoe, Yiu H. Hui</li> <li><i>Handbook of preservatives</i>, de Michael Ash, Irene Ash</li> <li><i>Mechanistic toxicology: the molecular basis of how chemicals disrupt ...</i> de Urs A. Boelsterli</li> <li><i>Basic transport phenomena in biomedical engineering</i>, de Ronald L. Fournier</li> <li><i>Neuroscience: exploring the brain</i>, de Mark F. Bear, Barry W. Connors, Michael A. Paradiso</li> <li><i>So Long as They Die; Lethal injections in the United States, Volume 18</i>, de Human Rights Watch</li> <li><i>Environmental geology: handbook of field methods and case studies</i> de Klaus Knödel, Gerhard Lange, Hans-Jürgen Voigt</li> <li><i>Handbook of Magnetic Materials, Volume 18</i>, de K. H. J. Buschow</li> <li><i>Alloys: Webster's Quotations, Facts and Phrases</i>, de Icon Group International, Inc</li> <li><i>A glossary of terms in nuclear science and technology</i>, de National Research Council (U.S.). Conference on Glossary of Terms in Nuclear Science</li> <li><i>Advanced practical inorganic and metalorganic chemistry</i>, de R. John Errington</li> <li><i>The manipulation of air-sensitive compounds</i>, de Duward F. Shriver, Mark A. Drezdzon</li> <li><i>Advanced practical inorganic and metalorganic chemistry</i>, de R. John Errington</li> <li><i>History of Color Photography</i>, de Joseph Solomon Friedman</li> <li><i>Hydroponics: a practical guide for the soilless grower</i>, Volume 1 de J. Benton Jones</li> <li><i>Academic Chemistry X</i> de Dr. N . K. Verma, Dr. Neera Verma</li> <li><i>Blood Or Mead</i>, de Alan Alexander Beck</li> <li><i>Science and civilisation in China</i> de Joseph Needham, Peter J. Golas</li> <li><i>The cyanide process of gold extraction</i>, de James Park</li> <li><i>An Introduction to the Study of Chemistry</i>, de Ira Remsen</li> <li><i>Glycerine: a key cosmetic ingredient</i>, de Eric Jungermann, Norman O. V. Sonntag</li> <li><i>Philosophy of Mathematics</i>, de John Francis Real or fake: studies in authentication de Joe Nickell</li> <li><i>Concise encyclopedia chemistry</i>, de Mary Eagleson</li> <li><i>Manual of Guitar Technology: The History and Technology of Plucked String ...</i> de Franz Jahnel</li> <li><i>Academic Press dictionary of science and technology</i>, de Christopher G. Morris, Academic Press</li> <li><i>Concise encyclopedia chemistry</i>, de Mary Eagleson</li> <li><i>Chemistry of Familiar Things</i>, de Samuel Schmucker Sadtler</li> <li><i>Pyrotechnic Chemistry</i>, de B. J. Kosanke, B. Sturman, K. Kosanke, I. von Maltitz, T. Shimizu, M. A. Wilson, N. Kubota, C. Jennings-White, D. Chapman,</li> <li><i>The Preparatory Manual of Black Powder and Pyrotechnics</i> de Jared Ledgard</li> <li><i>Seeds of concern: the genetic manipulation of plants</i>, de David Ronald Murray</li> <li><i>Principles of Chemistry: The Molecular Science</i>, de John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski, Peter C. Jurs</li> <li><i>Handbook of industrial toxicology and hazardous materials</i>, de Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff</li> <li><i>CXC chemistry</i>, de Jacqueline Fergusson, Richard Hart</li> <li><i>AIEEE Chemistry</i> de E.Ramanathan</li> <li><i>Risk management for hazardous chemicals, Volume 1</i>, de Jeffrey W. Vincoli</li> <li><i>Working Guide to Drilling Equipment and Operations</i>, de William C. Lyons</li> <li><i>Nutrition and AIDS</i>, de Khomdon Singh Lisam, Suchitra Lisam</li> <li><i>Agricultural medicine: a practical guide</i>, de James E. Lessenger</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=26" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potasiu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sistemul-periodic.go.ro/elemente/k.htm">Potasiul pe sistemul-periodic.go.ro</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090208224842/http://sistemul-periodic.go.ro/elemente/k.htm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2009-02-08">8 februarie 2009</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/K/index.html">WebElements.com – Potassium</a></li></ul> <table class="navbox collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="32"><span style="float:left; text-align:left; width:6em; margin-left:2px;">&#160;<span class="noprint plainlinks" style="white-space: nowrap; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; ;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor" title="Format:Tabelul periodic al elementelor"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";">v</span></a>&#160;<span style="font-size:80%;">•</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor" title="Discuție Format:Tabelul periodic al elementelor"><span title="Discuție format" style=";">d</span></a>&#160;<span style="font-size:80%;">•</span>&#160;<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor&amp;action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";">m</span></a></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor" title="Tabelul periodic al elementelor">Tabelul periodic al elementelor</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">H</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" colspan="30">&#160; </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Heliu" title="Heliu">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Litiu" title="Litiu">Li</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Beriliu" title="Beriliu">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24">&#160; </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Bor_(element)" title="Bor (element)">B</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">C</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrogen">N</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Oxigen" title="Oxigen">O</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Sodiu" title="Sodiu">Na</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Magneziu" title="Magneziu">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24">&#160; </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Aluminiu" title="Aluminiu">Al</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Siliciu" title="Siliciu">Si</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">P</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Sulf" title="Sulf">S</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">Cl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> 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title="Cupru">Cu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Galiu" title="Galiu">Ga</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Germaniu" title="Germaniu">Ge</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Seleniu" title="Seleniu">Se</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom">Br</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Rubidiu" title="Rubidiu">Rb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Stron%C8%9Biu" title="Stronțiu">Sr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Ytriu" title="Ytriu">Y</a> </td> <td colspan="14">&#160; </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a 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style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Prome%C8%9Biu" title="Promețiu">Pm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Samariu" title="Samariu">Sm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Europiu" title="Europiu">Eu</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Gadoliniu" title="Gadoliniu">Gd</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Terbiu" title="Terbiu">Tb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Disprosiu" title="Disprosiu">Dy</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Holmiu" title="Holmiu">Ho</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Erbiu" title="Erbiu">Er</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Tuliu" title="Tuliu">Tm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a 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style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Actiniu" title="Actiniu">Ac</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Toriu" class="mw-redirect" title="Toriu">Th</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Protactiniu" title="Protactiniu">Pa</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Uraniu" title="Uraniu">U</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Neptuniu" title="Neptuniu">Np</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Plutoniu" title="Plutoniu">Pu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Americiu" title="Americiu">Am</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Curiu" title="Curiu">Cm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Berkeliu" title="Berkeliu">Bk</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Californiu" title="Californiu">Cf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Einsteiniu" title="Einsteiniu">Es</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Fermiu" title="Fermiu">Fm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Mendeleviu" title="Mendeleviu">Md</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Nobeliu" title="Nobeliu">No</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordiu" title="Rutherfordiu">Rf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Dubniu" title="Dubniu">Db</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgiu" title="Seaborgiu">Sg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Bohriu" title="Bohriu">Bh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Hassiu" title="Hassiu">Hs</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Meitneriu" title="Meitneriu">Mt</a> </td> <td 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smaller; width:100%" rules="all" cellpadding="1"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Metale_alcaline" class="mw-redirect" title="Metale alcaline">Metale alcaline</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalino-p%C4%83m%C3%A2ntos" title="Metal alcalino-pământos">Alcalino-pământoase</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffbfff" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Lantanide" title="Lantanide">Lantanide</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Actinide" title="Actinide">Actinide</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Metal_de_tranzi%C8%9Bie" title="Metal de tranziție">Metale de tranziție</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc" width="10%">Alte metale </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Metaloid" title="Metaloid">Metaloizi</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Nemetal" 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