CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>U.S. Customs and Border Protection - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"80ac04c5-a842-449f-bfe2-47837c8f0381","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection","wgTitle":"U.S. Customs and Border Protection","wgCurRevisionId":1257717661,"wgRevisionId":1257717661,"wgArticleId":757040,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Wikipedia articles incorporating text from public domain works of the United States Government","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages","Use American English from August 2018","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Use mdy dates from August 2018","Articles needing additional references from May 2021", "All articles needing additional references","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from September 2023","Articles with unsourced statements from May 2021","Articles needing more detailed references","Wikipedia articles incorporating content from public domain works of the United States Department of Homeland Security","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Articles containing video clips","Government agencies established in 2003","2003 establishments in Washington, D.C.","Border guards","Borders of the United States","Customs services","United States Department of Homeland Security agencies","Organizations based in Washington, D.C."],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection","wgRelevantArticleId":757040,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgNoticeProject": "wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":80000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q368804","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Patch_of_the_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.svg/1200px-Patch_of_the_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1300"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Patch_of_the_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.svg/800px-Patch_of_the_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="867"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Patch_of_the_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.svg/640px-Patch_of_the_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="693"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="U.S. Customs and Border Protection - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-U_S_Customs_and_Border_Protection rootpage-U_S_Customs_and_Border_Protection skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=U.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=U.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=U.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=U.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Organization</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organization-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organization subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Structure[13]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure[13]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Structure<sup><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure[13]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_commissioners_of_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_commissioners_of_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>List of commissioners of U.S. Customs and Border Protection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_commissioners_of_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enforcement_powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enforcement_powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Enforcement powers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Enforcement_powers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Enforcement powers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Enforcement_powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Civil_penalties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_penalties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Civil penalties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_penalties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criminal_penalties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criminal_penalties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Criminal penalties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criminal_penalties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-U.S._Customs_Service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Customs_Service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>U.S. Customs Service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._Customs_Service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._Immigration_and_Naturalization_Service_(INS)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Immigration_and_Naturalization_Service_(INS)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._Immigration_and_Naturalization_Service_(INS)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reorganization_(2003_to_present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reorganization_(2003_to_present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Reorganization (2003 to present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reorganization_(2003_to_present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personnel</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personnel-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Personnel subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Personnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection_Officer_(CBPO)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection_Officer_(CBPO)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>U.S. Customs and Border Protection Officer (CBPO)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection_Officer_(CBPO)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agriculture_specialists_(OFO)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture_specialists_(OFO)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Agriculture specialists (OFO)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture_specialists_(OFO)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Import_specialists_(OFO)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Import_specialists_(OFO)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Import specialists (OFO)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Import_specialists_(OFO)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_Border_Patrol_(USBP)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_Border_Patrol_(USBP)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>United States Border Patrol (USBP)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_Border_Patrol_(USBP)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_and_marine_enforcement_and_interdiction_agents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_and_marine_enforcement_and_interdiction_agents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Air and marine enforcement and interdiction agents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_and_marine_enforcement_and_interdiction_agents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Employee_morale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Employee_morale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Employee morale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Employee_morale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polygraphing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polygraphing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Polygraphing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polygraphing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Equipment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Equipment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aircraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aircraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Aircraft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aircraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Watercraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Watercraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Watercraft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Watercraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weapons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weapons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Weapons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weapons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">U.S. Customs and Border Protection</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83_%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="هيئة الجمارك وحماية الحدود بالولايات المتحدة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيئة الجمارك وحماية الحدود بالولايات المتحدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/AB%C5%9E_G%C3%B6mr%C3%BCk_v%C9%99_S%C9%99rh%C9%99d_M%C3%BChafiz%C9%99si_Xidm%C9%99ti" title="ABŞ Gömrük və Sərhəd Mühafizəsi Xidməti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="ABŞ Gömrük və Sərhəd Mühafizəsi Xidməti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AD-kok_S%C3%B2e-koan_kap_Pian-k%C3%A0i_P%C3%B3-ho%CD%98-s%C5%AB" title="Bí-kok Sòe-koan kap Pian-kài Pó-ho͘-sū – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bí-kok Sòe-koan kap Pian-kài Pó-ho͘-sū" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celn%C3%AD_a_pohrani%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_str%C3%A1%C5%BE_USA" title="Celní a pohraniční stráž USA – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Celní a pohraniční stráž USA" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="United States Customs and Border Protection – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="United States Customs and Border Protection" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oficina_de_Aduanas_y_Protecci%C3%B3n_Fronteriza_de_Estados_Unidos" title="Oficina de Aduanas y Protección Fronteriza de Estados Unidos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Oficina de Aduanas y Protección Fronteriza de Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%AF%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D9%88_%D8%AD%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B8%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="اداره گمرک و حفاظت مرزی ایالات متحده آمریکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اداره گمرک و حفاظت مرزی ایالات متحده آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_des_douanes_et_de_la_protection_des_fronti%C3%A8res_des_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Service des douanes et de la protection des frontières des États-Unis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Service des douanes et de la protection des frontières des États-Unis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%80%EC%84%B8%EA%B5%AD%EA%B2%BD%EB%B3%B4%ED%98%B8%EC%B2%AD" title="미국 관세국경보호청 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 관세국경보호청" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bea_Cukai_dan_Perlindungan_Perbatasan_A.S." title="Bea Cukai dan Perlindungan Perbatasan A.S. – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bea Cukai dan Perlindungan Perbatasan A.S." data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="United States Customs and Border Protection – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="United States Customs and Border Protection" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%A1_%D7%95%D7%94%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="סוכנות המכס והגנת הגבולות של ארצות הברית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סוכנות המכס והגנת הגבולות של ארצות הברית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD%E7%A8%8E%E9%96%A2%E3%83%BB%E5%9B%BD%E5%A2%83%E8%AD%A6%E5%82%99%E5%B1%80" title="アメリカ合衆国税関・国境警備局 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ合衆国税関・国境警備局" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alf%C3%A2ndega_e_Prote%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Fronteiras_dos_EUA" title="Alfândega e Proteção de Fronteiras dos EUA – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alfândega e Proteção de Fronteiras dos EUA" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Погранично-таможенная служба США – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Погранично-таможенная служба США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdysvaltain_tulli-_ja_rajavartiolaitos" title="Yhdysvaltain tulli- ja rajavartiolaitos – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdysvaltain tulli- ja rajavartiolaitos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="United States Customs and Border Protection – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="United States Customs and Border Protection" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri_G%C3%BCmr%C3%BCk_ve_S%C4%B1n%C4%B1r_Muhafaza" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Gümrük ve Sınır Muhafaza – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Gümrük ve Sınır Muhafaza" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Прикордонно-митна служба США – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Прикордонно-митна служба США" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%A5c_H%E1%BA%A3i_quan_v%C3%A0_Bi%C3%AAn_ph%C3%B2ng_Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Cục Hải quan và Biên phòng Hoa Kỳ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cục Hải quan và Biên phòng Hoa Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95-%D7%A2%D7%A1_%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A1_%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%93_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%9F" title="יו-עס קאסטומס ענד בארדער פראטעקשן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יו-עס קאסטומס ענד בארדער פראטעקשן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%B5%B7%E9%97%9C%E5%8F%8A%E9%82%8A%E5%A2%83%E4%BF%9D%E8%A1%9B%E5%B1%80" title="美國海關及邊境保衛局 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美國海關及邊境保衛局" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q368804#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&oldid=1257717661" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&id=1257717661&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FU.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FU.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q368804" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American federal law enforcement agency</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Law enforcement agency</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #EFEFEF;">U.S. Customs and Border Protection</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Patch_of_the_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="CBP Patch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Patch_of_the_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.svg/140px-Patch_of_the_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Patch_of_the_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.svg/210px-Patch_of_the_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Patch_of_the_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.svg/280px-Patch_of_the_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="586" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">CBP Patch</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="CBP Seal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Seal_of_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.png/140px-Seal_of_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Seal_of_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.png/210px-Seal_of_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Seal_of_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.png/280px-Seal_of_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">CBP Seal</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #EFEFEF;">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">March 1, 2003<span class="noprint">; 21 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2003-03-01</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceding agencies</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">Some functions of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">Immigration inspectors from <a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Naturalization_Service" title="Immigration and Naturalization Service">Immigration and Naturalization Service</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Border_Patrol" title="United States Border Patrol">United States Border Patrol</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">Functions of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Customs_Service" title="United States Customs Service">United States Customs Service</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">60,450+ (2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annual budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$16.29 billion (2022)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #EFEFEF;">Jurisdictional structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_agency#fedlea" title="Law enforcement agency">Federal agency</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operations jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">General nature</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_agency#fedlea" title="Law enforcement agency">Federal law enforcement</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #EFEFEF;">Operational structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Building_and_International_Trade_Center" title="Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center">Ronald Reagan Building</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Federal Law Enforcement Sworn Officers</th><td class="infobox-data">45,741</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency executives</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Troy_A._Miller" title="Troy A. Miller">Troy A. Miller</a>, Acting Commissioner</li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">Pete R. Flores, Acting Deputy Commissioner</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">United States Department of Homeland Security</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Child agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Border_Patrol" title="United States Border Patrol">United States Border Patrol</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #EFEFEF;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbp.gov/">cbp.gov</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>United States Customs and Border Protection</b> (<b>CBP</b>) is the largest <a href="/wiki/Federal_law_enforcement_in_the_United_States" title="Federal law enforcement in the United States">federal law enforcement agency</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">United States Department of Homeland Security</a>. It is the country's primary <a href="/wiki/Border_guard" title="Border guard">border control</a> organization, charged with regulating and facilitating international trade, collecting <a href="/wiki/Customs_duties_in_the_United_States" title="Customs duties in the United States">import duties</a>, as well as enforcing U.S. regulations, including trade, <a href="/wiki/Customs" title="Customs">customs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">immigration</a>. CBP is one of the largest law enforcement agencies in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has a workforce of more than 45,600 federal agents and officers. It is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CBP has a workforce of over 58,000 employees, including officers and agents, agriculture specialists, aircraft pilots, trade specialists, mission support staff, and canine enforcement officers and agents. </p> <ul><li>More than 21,180 CBP officers inspect and examine passengers and cargo at 328 ports of entry.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-inside-border-patrol-2019_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-inside-border-patrol-2019-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Over 2,200 CBP agriculture specialists work to curtail the spread of harmful pests and plant and animal diseases that may harm America's farms and food supply or cause <a href="/wiki/Bioterrorism" title="Bioterrorism">bio-</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agro-terrorism" title="Agro-terrorism">agro-terrorism</a>.</li> <li>Over 21,370 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Border_Patrol" title="United States Border Patrol">Border Patrol</a> agents protect and patrol 1,900 miles (3,100 km) of <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">border with Mexico</a> and 5,000 miles (8,000 km) of <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Canada–United States border">border with Canada</a>.</li> <li>Nearly 1,050 air and marine interdiction agents prevent people, weapons, narcotics, and conveyances from illegal entry by air and water.</li> <li>Nearly 2,500 employees in CBP revenue positions collect over $30 billion annually in entry duties and taxes through the enforcement of trade and tariff laws. In addition, these employees fulfill the agency's trade mission by appraising and classifying imported merchandise. These employees serve in positions such as import specialist, auditor, international trade specialist, and textile analyst.</li> <li>The primary goal of the CBP Canine Program is terrorist detection and apprehension. The CBP Canine Program is critical to the mission of the Department of Homeland Security: "To Protect the Homeland." The program conducts the largest number of <a href="/wiki/Working_dog" title="Working dog">working dogs</a> of any U.S. federal <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_agency" title="Law enforcement agency">law enforcement agency</a>. <a href="/wiki/Police_dog" title="Police dog">K-9</a> teams are assigned to 73 commercial ports and 74 Border Patrol stations throughout the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>There are 328<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> officially designated ports of entry and an additional 14 pre-clearance locations<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>. CBP is also in charge of the <a href="/wiki/Container_Security_Initiative" title="Container Security Initiative">Container Security Initiative</a>, which identifies and inspects foreign cargo in its mother country before it is to be imported into the United States. </p><p>In addition the CBP claims to have legal jurisdiction to conduct some activities up to 100 miles (160 km) inwards from any land or sea border. This can include operating interior checkpoints.<sup id="cite_ref-ACLU-100-Miles_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACLU-100-Miles-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CityLab-100-miles_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CityLab-100-miles-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CBP assess all passengers flying into the U.S. for terrorist risk via the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Terrorism_Task_Force" title="Joint Terrorism Task Force">Joint Terrorism Task Force</a> (JTTF) and systems such as <a href="/wiki/Advance_Passenger_Information_System" title="Advance Passenger Information System">Advance Passenger Information System</a> (APIS), United States Visitor and Immigrant Status Indication Technology (<a href="/wiki/US-VISIT" class="mw-redirect" title="US-VISIT">US-VISIT</a>), and the Student and Exchange Visitor System (<a href="/wiki/SEVIS" class="mw-redirect" title="SEVIS">SEVIS</a>). CBP also works with the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Food_and_Drug_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Food and Drug Administration">U.S. Food and Drug Administration</a> to screen high-risk imported food shipments in order to prevent <a href="/wiki/Bioterrorism" title="Bioterrorism">bio-terrorism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agro-terrorism" title="Agro-terrorism">agro-terrorism</a>. </p><p>Through the <a href="/wiki/Container_Security_Initiative" title="Container Security Initiative">Container Security Initiative</a>, CBP works jointly with host nation counterparts to identify and screen containers that pose a risk at the foreign port of departure before they are loaded on board vessels bound for the U.S. CSI is implemented in 20 of the largest ports in terms of container shipments to the U.S., and at a total of 58 ports worldwide. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Secure_Electronic_Network_for_Travelers_Rapid_Inspection" class="mw-redirect" title="Secure Electronic Network for Travelers Rapid Inspection">Secure Electronic Network for Travelers Rapid Inspection</a> (SENTRI) program allows pre-screened, low-risk travelers from <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> to be processed through dedicated lanes. <a href="/wiki/NEXUS" title="NEXUS">NEXUS</a> is a similar program on the country's northern border with Canada. Along both borders, CBP has implemented the <a href="/wiki/Free_and_Secure_Trade" title="Free and Secure Trade">Free and Secure Trade</a>, which uses <a href="/wiki/Transponder" title="Transponder">transponder</a> technology and pre-arrival shipment information to process participating trucks as they arrive at the border. An agreement with Canada allows CBP to target, screen, and examine rail shipments headed to the U.S. </p><p>CBP is authorized to provide aerial surveillance outside of the border area "to assist law enforcement and humanitarian relief efforts" when requested by local, tribal, state or federal agencies. CBP drones have been used to capture images of storm-impacted areas for the <a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service" title="National Weather Service">National Weather Service</a>; assess hurricane affected areas for <a href="/wiki/FEMA" class="mw-redirect" title="FEMA">FEMA</a>; and provide surveillance for local law enforcement during the <a href="/wiki/2015_Baltimore_protests" title="2015 Baltimore protests">2015 Baltimore protests</a> and 2020 <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structure[13]"><span id="Structure.5B13.5D"></span>Structure<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Structure[13]"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Commissioner <ul><li>Deputy Commissioner <ul><li>Office of Intelligence</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBP_Air_and_Marine_Operations" title="CBP Air and Marine Operations">Air and Marine Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBP_Office_of_Field_Operations" title="CBP Office of Field Operations">Office of Field Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Border_Patrol" title="United States Border Patrol">United States Border Patrol</a></li> <li>Office of Trade</li> <li>Enterprise Services Office <ul><li>Office of Acquisition</li> <li>Office of Finance</li> <li>Office of Human Resources Management</li> <li>Office of Training and Development</li> <li>Office of Information and Technology</li></ul></li> <li>Operations Support Office <ul><li>Office of International Affairs</li></ul></li> <li>Office of Chief Counsel</li> <li>Office of Congressional Affairs</li> <li>Office of Intergovernmental Public Liaison</li> <li>Office of Privacy and Diversity</li> <li>Office of Professional Responsibility</li> <li>Office of Public Affairs</li> <li>Office of Trade Relations</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_commissioners_of_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection">List of commissioners of U.S. Customs and Border Protection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: List of commissioners of U.S. Customs and Border Protection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th data-sort-type="number"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th class="unsortable">Portrait </th> <th>Commissioner</th> <th data-sort-type="date">Took office</th> <th data-sort-type="date">Left office</th> <th>Time in office</th> <th colspan="1">Party</th> <th><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> </th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#E81B23; color:black;">1</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Bonner.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Robert C. Bonner"><img alt="Robert C. Bonner" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Robert_Bonner.jpg/75px-Robert_Bonner.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Robert_Bonner.jpg/113px-Robert_Bonner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Robert_Bonner.jpg/150px-Robert_Bonner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1165" data-file-height="1456" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span style="display:none">Bonner, Robert</span><b><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Bonner" title="Robert C. Bonner">Robert C. Bonner</a></b><br /><small>(born 1942)</small></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">March 1, 2003</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">November 25, 2005</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span data-sort-value="7003100000000000000♠"></span>2 years, 269 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span style="display:none">Bush, George</span><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>)</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:transparent; color:black">-</td><td style="; background: #E6E6AA"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:D_Spero.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Deborah Spero"><img alt="Deborah Spero" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/D_Spero.jpg/75px-D_Spero.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/D_Spero.jpg/113px-D_Spero.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/D_Spero.jpg/150px-D_Spero.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1650" data-file-height="2063" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span style="display:none">Spero, Deborah</span><b><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Spero" title="Deborah Spero">Deborah Spero</a></b><br /><small><i>Acting</i></small></td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">November 25, 2005</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">June 2, 2006</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span data-sort-value="7002189000000000000♠"></span>189 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">?</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span style="display:none">Bush, George</span><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>)</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:transparent; color:black">2</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:W._Ralph_Basham.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ralph Basham"><img alt="Ralph Basham" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/W._Ralph_Basham.jpg/75px-W._Ralph_Basham.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/W._Ralph_Basham.jpg/113px-W._Ralph_Basham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/W._Ralph_Basham.jpg/150px-W._Ralph_Basham.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span style="display:none">Basham, Ralph</span><b><a href="/wiki/W._Ralph_Basham" title="W. Ralph Basham">Ralph Basham</a></b><br /><small>(born 1943)</small></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">June 6, 2006</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">February 27, 2009</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span data-sort-value="7002997000000000000♠"></span>2 years, 266 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">?</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span style="display:none">Bush, George</span><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:transparent; color:black">-</td><td style="; background: #E6E6AA"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jayson_P._Ahern,_Acting_Commissioner_of_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jayson Ahern"><img alt="Jayson Ahern" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Jayson_P._Ahern%2C_Acting_Commissioner_of_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.jpg/75px-Jayson_P._Ahern%2C_Acting_Commissioner_of_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Jayson_P._Ahern%2C_Acting_Commissioner_of_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.jpg/113px-Jayson_P._Ahern%2C_Acting_Commissioner_of_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Jayson_P._Ahern%2C_Acting_Commissioner_of_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.jpg/150px-Jayson_P._Ahern%2C_Acting_Commissioner_of_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2072" data-file-height="2844" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span style="display:none">Ahern, Jayson</span><b><a href="/wiki/Jayson_Ahern" class="mw-redirect" title="Jayson Ahern">Jayson Ahern</a></b><br /><small><i>Acting</i></small></td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">February 27, 2009</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">March 10, 2010</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span data-sort-value="7002376000000000000♠"></span>1 year, 11 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">?</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span style="display:none">Obama, Barack</span><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#3333FF; color:white;">-</td><td style="; background: #E6E6AA"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alan-Bersin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alan D. Bersin"><img alt="Alan D. Bersin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Alan-Bersin.jpg/75px-Alan-Bersin.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Alan-Bersin.jpg/113px-Alan-Bersin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Alan-Bersin.jpg/150px-Alan-Bersin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="3300" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span style="display:none">Bersin, Alan</span><b><a href="/wiki/Alan_Bersin" title="Alan Bersin">Alan D. Bersin</a></b><br /><small>(born 1946)</small><br /><small><i>Acting</i></small></td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">March 10, 2010</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">December 30, 2011</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span data-sort-value="7002643000000000000♠"></span>1 year, 278 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span style="display:none">Obama, Barack</span><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:transparent; color:black">-</td><td style="; background: #E6E6AA"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Aguilar_USBP.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="David V. Aguilar"><img alt="David V. Aguilar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/David_Aguilar_USBP.jpg/75px-David_Aguilar_USBP.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/David_Aguilar_USBP.jpg/113px-David_Aguilar_USBP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/David_Aguilar_USBP.jpg/150px-David_Aguilar_USBP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span style="display:none">Aguilar, David</span><b><a href="/wiki/David_V._Aguilar" title="David V. Aguilar">David V. Aguilar</a></b><br /><small><i>Acting</i></small></td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">December 30, 2011</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">March 30, 2013</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span data-sort-value="7002456000000000000♠"></span>1 year, 90 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">?</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span style="display:none">Obama, Barack</span><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:transparent; color:black">-</td><td style="; background: #E6E6AA"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas-winkowski-md.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thomas S. Winkowski"><img alt="Thomas S. Winkowski" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Thomas-winkowski-md.jpg/75px-Thomas-winkowski-md.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Thomas-winkowski-md.jpg/113px-Thomas-winkowski-md.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Thomas-winkowski-md.jpg/150px-Thomas-winkowski-md.jpg 2x" data-file-width="176" data-file-height="220" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span style="display:none">Winkowski, Thomas</span><b><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Winkowski" title="Thomas S. Winkowski">Thomas S. Winkowski</a></b><br /><small>(born 1956)</small><br /><small><i>Acting</i></small></td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">March 30, 2013</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">March 7, 2014</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span data-sort-value="7002342000000000000♠"></span>342 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">?</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span style="display:none">Obama, Barack</span><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#3333FF; color:white;">3</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gil_Kerlikowske_official_CBP_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gil Kerlikowske"><img alt="Gil Kerlikowske" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Gil_Kerlikowske_official_CBP_portrait.jpg/75px-Gil_Kerlikowske_official_CBP_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Gil_Kerlikowske_official_CBP_portrait.jpg/113px-Gil_Kerlikowske_official_CBP_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Gil_Kerlikowske_official_CBP_portrait.jpg/150px-Gil_Kerlikowske_official_CBP_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="3300" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span style="display:none">Kerlikowske, Gil</span><b><a href="/wiki/Gil_Kerlikowske" title="Gil Kerlikowske">Gil Kerlikowske</a></b><br /><small>(born 1949)</small></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">March 7, 2014</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">January 20, 2017</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span data-sort-value="7003105000000000000♠"></span>2 years, 319 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span style="display:none">Obama, Barack</span><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:transparent; color:black">-</td><td style="; background: #E6E6AA"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kevin_McAleenan_official_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kevin McAleenan"><img alt="Kevin McAleenan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Kevin_McAleenan_official_photo.jpg/75px-Kevin_McAleenan_official_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Kevin_McAleenan_official_photo.jpg/113px-Kevin_McAleenan_official_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Kevin_McAleenan_official_photo.jpg/150px-Kevin_McAleenan_official_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="3300" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span style="display:none">McAleenan, Kevin</span><b><a href="/wiki/Kevin_McAleenan" title="Kevin McAleenan">Kevin McAleenan</a></b><br /><small>(born 1971)</small><br /><small><i>Acting</i></small></td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">January 20, 2017</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">March 20, 2018</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span data-sort-value="7002424000000000000♠"></span>1 year, 59 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">?</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span style="display:none">Trump, Donald</span><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>)</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:transparent; color:black">4</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kevin_McAleenan_official_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kevin McAleenan"><img alt="Kevin McAleenan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Kevin_McAleenan_official_photo.jpg/75px-Kevin_McAleenan_official_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Kevin_McAleenan_official_photo.jpg/113px-Kevin_McAleenan_official_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Kevin_McAleenan_official_photo.jpg/150px-Kevin_McAleenan_official_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="3300" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span style="display:none">McAleenan, Kevin</span><b><a href="/wiki/Kevin_McAleenan" title="Kevin McAleenan">Kevin McAleenan</a></b><br /><small>(born 1971)</small></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">March 20, 2018</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">April 11, 2019</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span data-sort-value="7002387000000000000♠"></span>1 year, 22 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">?</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span style="display:none">Trump, Donald</span><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>)</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:transparent; color:black">-</td><td style="; background: #E6E6AA"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Sanders_CBP_Portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="John P. Sanders"><img alt="John P. Sanders" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/John_Sanders_CBP_Portrait.jpg/75px-John_Sanders_CBP_Portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/John_Sanders_CBP_Portrait.jpg/113px-John_Sanders_CBP_Portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/John_Sanders_CBP_Portrait.jpg/150px-John_Sanders_CBP_Portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span style="display:none">Sanders, John</span><b><a href="/wiki/John_P._Sanders" title="John P. Sanders">John P. Sanders</a></b><br /><small><i>Acting</i></small></td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">April 15, 2019</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">July 5, 2019</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span data-sort-value="7001810000000000000♠"></span>81 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">?</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span style="display:none">Trump, Donald</span><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>)</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:transparent; color:black">-</td><td style="; background: #E6E6AA"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_Portrait_of_Acting_Commissioner_Mark_A._Morgan_(48242367472).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mark A. Morgan"><img alt="Mark A. Morgan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Official_Portrait_of_Acting_Commissioner_Mark_A._Morgan_%2848242367472%29.jpg/75px-Official_Portrait_of_Acting_Commissioner_Mark_A._Morgan_%2848242367472%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Official_Portrait_of_Acting_Commissioner_Mark_A._Morgan_%2848242367472%29.jpg/113px-Official_Portrait_of_Acting_Commissioner_Mark_A._Morgan_%2848242367472%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Official_Portrait_of_Acting_Commissioner_Mark_A._Morgan_%2848242367472%29.jpg/150px-Official_Portrait_of_Acting_Commissioner_Mark_A._Morgan_%2848242367472%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="3300" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span style="display:none">Morgan, Mark</span><b><a href="/wiki/Mark_A._Morgan" title="Mark A. Morgan">Mark A. Morgan</a></b><br /><small>(born 1950)</small><br /><small><i>Acting</i></small></td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">July 5, 2019</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">January 20, 2021</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span data-sort-value="7002565000000000000♠"></span>1 year, 199 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">?</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span style="display:none">Trump, Donald</span><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>)</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:transparent; color:black">-</td><td style="; background: #E6E6AA"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Troy_Miller,_Senior_Official_Performing_the_Duties_of_the_Commissioner.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Troy A. Miller"><img alt="Troy A. Miller" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Troy_Miller%2C_Senior_Official_Performing_the_Duties_of_the_Commissioner.jpg/75px-Troy_Miller%2C_Senior_Official_Performing_the_Duties_of_the_Commissioner.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Troy_Miller%2C_Senior_Official_Performing_the_Duties_of_the_Commissioner.jpg/113px-Troy_Miller%2C_Senior_Official_Performing_the_Duties_of_the_Commissioner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Troy_Miller%2C_Senior_Official_Performing_the_Duties_of_the_Commissioner.jpg/150px-Troy_Miller%2C_Senior_Official_Performing_the_Duties_of_the_Commissioner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4302" data-file-height="5521" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span style="display:none">Miller, Troy</span><b><a href="/wiki/Troy_A._Miller" title="Troy A. Miller">Troy A. Miller</a></b><br /><small><i>Acting</i></small></td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">January 20, 2021</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">December 13, 2021</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span data-sort-value="7002327000000000000♠"></span>327 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">?</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span style="display:none">Biden, Joe</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:transparent; color:black">5</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chris_Magnus,_CBP_Commissioner.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chris Magnus"><img alt="Chris Magnus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Chris_Magnus%2C_CBP_Commissioner.jpg/75px-Chris_Magnus%2C_CBP_Commissioner.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Chris_Magnus%2C_CBP_Commissioner.jpg/113px-Chris_Magnus%2C_CBP_Commissioner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Chris_Magnus%2C_CBP_Commissioner.jpg/150px-Chris_Magnus%2C_CBP_Commissioner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="439" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span style="display:none">Magnus, Chris</span><b><a href="/wiki/Chris_Magnus" title="Chris Magnus">Chris Magnus</a></b></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">December 13, 2021</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">November 12, 2022</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span data-sort-value="7002334000000000000♠"></span>334 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">?</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span style="display:none">Biden, Joe</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:transparent; color:black">-</td><td style="; background: #E6E6AA"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Troy_Miller,_Senior_Official_Performing_the_Duties_of_the_Commissioner.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Troy A. Miller"><img alt="Troy A. Miller" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Troy_Miller%2C_Senior_Official_Performing_the_Duties_of_the_Commissioner.jpg/75px-Troy_Miller%2C_Senior_Official_Performing_the_Duties_of_the_Commissioner.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Troy_Miller%2C_Senior_Official_Performing_the_Duties_of_the_Commissioner.jpg/113px-Troy_Miller%2C_Senior_Official_Performing_the_Duties_of_the_Commissioner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Troy_Miller%2C_Senior_Official_Performing_the_Duties_of_the_Commissioner.jpg/150px-Troy_Miller%2C_Senior_Official_Performing_the_Duties_of_the_Commissioner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4302" data-file-height="5521" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span style="display:none">Miller, Troy</span><b><a href="/wiki/Troy_A._Miller" title="Troy A. Miller">Troy A. Miller</a></b><br /><small><i>Acting</i></small></td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">November 12, 2022</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><i>Incumbent</i></td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span data-sort-value="7002747000000000000♠"></span>2 years, 16 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA">?</td><td style="text-align:center; background: #E6E6AA"><span style="display:none">Biden, Joe</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enforcement_powers">Enforcement powers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Enforcement powers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="Special:EditPage/U.S. Customs and Border Protection">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PHL_DNC305_(28482015210).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/PHL_DNC305_%2828482015210%29.jpg/220px-PHL_DNC305_%2828482015210%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/PHL_DNC305_%2828482015210%29.jpg/330px-PHL_DNC305_%2828482015210%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/PHL_DNC305_%2828482015210%29.jpg/440px-PHL_DNC305_%2828482015210%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3485" data-file-height="2479" /></a><figcaption>Scanning a delegate bus entering the <a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">2016 Democratic National Convention</a></figcaption></figure> <p>CBP has the authority to search outbound and inbound shipments, and uses targeting to carry out its mission in this area. Under Section 596 of the <a href="/wiki/Tariff_Act_of_1930" class="mw-redirect" title="Tariff Act of 1930">Tariff Act</a>, CBP is required to seize and forfeit all merchandise that is stolen, smuggled, or clandestinely imported or introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CBP is also required to seize and forfeit controlled substances, certain contraband articles, and plastic explosives that do not contain a detection agent. In conjunction with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">Department of State</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">Bureau of the Census</a>, CBP has put in place regulations that require submission of electronic export information on <a href="/wiki/United_States_Munitions_List" title="United States Munitions List">U.S. Munitions List</a> and for technology for the Commerce Control List. CBP uses advance information from the <a href="/wiki/Automated_Targeting_System" title="Automated Targeting System">Automated Targeting System</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Automated_Export_System" title="Automated Export System">Automated Export System</a> to identify cargo that may pose a threat. CBP also works with the departments of state and defense to improve procedures on exported shipments of foreign military sales commodities. </p><p>Merchandise may also be seized and forfeited if: </p> <ul><li>Its importation is restricted or prohibited because of a law relating to health, safety or conservation;</li> <li>The merchandise is lacking a federal license required for the importation;</li> <li>The merchandise or packaging is in violation of copyright, trademark, trade name, or trade dress protections;</li> <li>The merchandise is intentionally or repetitively marked in violation of <a href="/wiki/Country_of_origin" title="Country of origin">country of origin</a> marking requirements; or</li> <li>The imported merchandise is subject to quantitative restrictions requiring a visa or similar document from a foreign government, and the document presented with the entry is counterfeit.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_penalties">Civil penalties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Civil penalties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Section 1592 of the <a href="/wiki/Smoot%E2%80%93Hawley_Tariff_Act" title="Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act">Tariff Act of 1930</a> is the basic and most widely used customs penalty provision for the importation of goods. It prescribes monetary penalties against any person who imports, attempts to import, or aids or procures the importation of merchandise by means of false or fraudulent documents, statements, omissions or practices, concerning any material fact. Penalties may be applied even in situations where there is no loss of revenue. </p><p>Section 1592 infractions are divided into three categories of culpability, each giving rise to a different maximum penalty: </p> <ul><li><i>Fraud</i>, an act or omission done intentionally to defraud the United States. The maximum civil penalty for a violation is the domestic value of the merchandise in the entry or entries concerned.</li> <li><i>Gross negligence</i>, an act or omission with actual knowledge of, or wanton disregard for, the relevant facts and a disregard of section 1592 obligations. The maximum civil penalty is the lesser of the domestic value of the merchandise or four times the loss of revenue (actual or potential). If the infraction does not affect revenue, the maximum penalty is 40% of the dutiable value of the good.</li> <li><i>Negligence</i>, involving a failure to exercise due care in ascertaining the material facts or in ascertaining the obligations under section 1592. The maximum civil penalties are the same for gross negligence, except the lesser of <i>twice</i> the domestic value of the merchandise or twice the loss of revenue is used. The penalty cannot exceed 20% of the dutiable value.</li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Customs_Modernization_Act" title="Customs Modernization Act">Customs Modernization Act</a> amended section 1592 to apply existing penalties for false information to information transmitted electronically and allows customs to recover unpaid taxes and fees resulting from 592 violations. It also introduced the requirement that importers use "reasonable care" in making entry and providing the initial classification and appraisement, establishing a "shared responsibility" between customs and importers, thus allowing customs to rely on the accuracy of the information submitted and streamline entry procedures. To the extent that an importer fails to use reasonable care, customs may impose a penalty. </p><p>US Customs agriculture specialist officers are allowed to issue civil penalties in accordance with CFR 7 & 9. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criminal_penalties">Criminal penalties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Criminal penalties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to the civil penalties, a criminal fraud statute provides for sanctions to those presenting false information to customs officers, with violators facing a maximum of two years imprisonment, or a $5,000 fine, or both, for each violation involving an importation or attempted importation.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="Special:EditPage/U.S. Customs and Border Protection">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Customs_Service">U.S. Customs Service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: U.S. Customs Service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Customs_Service" title="United States Customs Service">United States Customs Service</a></div> <p>Responding to an urgent need for revenue following the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, the First <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> passed, and President <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> signed on July 4, the <a href="/wiki/Tariff_of_1789" title="Tariff of 1789">Tariff of 1789</a>, which authorized the collection of <a href="/wiki/Duty_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Duty (economics)">duties</a> on <a href="/wiki/Imports" class="mw-redirect" title="Imports">imports</a>. Four weeks later, on July 31, the fifth <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_federal_legislation,_1789%E2%80%931901" title="List of United States federal legislation, 1789–1901">act of Congress</a> established the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Customs_Service" title="United States Customs Service">United States Customs Service</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Port_of_entry" title="Port of entry">ports of entry</a>. </p><p>For nearly 125 years, the U.S. Customs Service was the primary source of governmental funds, which paid for the nation's early growth and infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Purchases include the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> territories; <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, Alaska, and <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>; funding the <a href="/wiki/National_Road" title="National Road">National Road</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Transcontinental_railroad" title="Transcontinental railroad">Transcontinental Railroad</a>; building many of the United States' <a href="/wiki/Lighthouse" title="Lighthouse">lighthouses</a>; and military academies. </p><p>In March 2003, the Customs Service was renamed the Bureau of Customs and Border Protection, and its structure split to form parts of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Homeland_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Homeland Security">U.S. Department of Homeland Security</a> as the Bureau of Customs and Border Protection and the Immigration and Customs Enforcement Division. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Immigration_and_Naturalization_Service_(INS)"><span id="U.S._Immigration_and_Naturalization_Service_.28INS.29"></span>U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shortly after the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, some states started to pass their own immigration laws, which prompted the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a> to rule in <i><a href="/wiki/Chy_Lung_v._Freeman" title="Chy Lung v. Freeman">Chy Lung v. Freeman</a></i> in 1875 that immigration was a federal responsibility.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1891" title="Immigration Act of 1891">Immigration Act of 1891</a> established an Office of the Superintendent of Immigration within the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">United States Department of the Treasury</a>. This office was responsible for admitting, rejecting, and processing all immigrants seeking admission to the United States and for implementing national immigration policy.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Immigrant inspectors", as they were then called, were stationed at major U.S. <a href="/wiki/Port_of_entry" title="Port of entry">ports of entry</a> collecting manifests of arriving passengers. A "head tax" of fifty cents was collected on each immigrant.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 20th century, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a>'s primary interest in immigration was protecting American workers and wages – the reason it had become a federal concern in the first place. This made immigration more a matter of commerce than revenue; hence, in 1903, Congress transferred the Bureau of Immigration to the newly created <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Commerce_and_Labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Commerce and Labor">Department of Commerce and Labor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Congress attempted to stem the flow of immigrants, still mainly coming from Europe, by passing laws in <a href="/wiki/Emergency_Quota_Act" title="Emergency Quota Act">1921</a> and <a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1924" title="Immigration Act of 1924">1924</a> limiting the number of newcomers by assigning a quota to each nationality based upon its representation in previous <a href="/wiki/U.S._census" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. census">U.S. census</a> figures. Each year, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. State Department">U.S. State Department</a> issued a limited number of <a href="/wiki/Visa_(document)" class="mw-redirect" title="Visa (document)">visas</a>; only those immigrants who had obtained them and could present valid visas were permitted entry. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Naturalization_Service" title="Immigration and Naturalization Service">Immigration and Naturalization Service</a> was formed in 1933 by a merger of the Bureau of Immigration and the Bureau of Naturalization. President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> moved the Immigration and Naturalization Service from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Labor" title="United States Department of Labor">Department of Labor</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Department of Justice</a> in 1940. </p><p>In 1969 President Richard Nixon formally changed the name of the United States Border Control to the United States Border Patrol.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reorganization_(2003_to_present)"><span id="Reorganization_.282003_to_present.29"></span>Reorganization (2003 to present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Reorganization (2003 to present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Customs_and_Border_Protection_officers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/US_Customs_and_Border_Protection_officers.jpg/220px-US_Customs_and_Border_Protection_officers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/US_Customs_and_Border_Protection_officers.jpg/330px-US_Customs_and_Border_Protection_officers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/US_Customs_and_Border_Protection_officers.jpg/440px-US_Customs_and_Border_Protection_officers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2618" data-file-height="1925" /></a><figcaption>U.S. Customs and Border Protection Officers (CBPO) armed with <a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_UMP" title="Heckler & Koch UMP">UMPs</a></figcaption></figure> <p>CBP became an official agency of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">United States Department of Homeland Security</a> on March 1, 2003, combining employees from the <a href="/wiki/Animal_and_Plant_Health_Inspection_Service" title="Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service">Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service</a> (specifically the Plant Protection Quarantine inspectors),<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Naturalization_Service" title="Immigration and Naturalization Service">United States Immigration and Naturalization Service</a> (specifically, immigration inspectors and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Border_Patrol" title="United States Border Patrol">United States Border Patrol</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Customs_Service" title="United States Customs Service">United States Customs Service</a>. This transformation was led by former commissioner <a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Bonner" title="Robert C. Bonner">Robert C. Bonner</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/W._Ralph_Basham" title="W. Ralph Basham">W. Ralph Basham</a> was nominated to the post of commissioner by President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> on June 6, 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Basham had 28 years of experience as a law enforcement manager, including serving as the head of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">Secret Service</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Law_Enforcement_Training_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Law Enforcement Training Center">Federal Law Enforcement Training Center</a>. He had also served as the chief of staff for the <a href="/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administration" title="Transportation Security Administration">Transportation Security Administration</a>. It is the largest federal law enforcement agency and works closely with <a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement</a> (ICE), <a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">Drug Enforcement Administration</a> (DEA), and <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> (FBI). </p><p>In 2007, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Border_Patrol" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Border Patrol">U.S. Border Patrol</a> joined two units, the <a href="/wiki/Border_Patrol_Tactical_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Border Patrol Tactical Unit">Border Patrol Tactical Unit</a> (BORTAC) and the <a href="/wiki/Border_Patrol,_Search,_Trauma_and_Rescue" class="mw-redirect" title="Border Patrol, Search, Trauma and Rescue">Border Patrol Search, Trauma, and Rescue Unit</a> (BORSTAR), to form the U.S. Border Patrol's Special Operations Group (SOG),<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> headquartered in El Paso, Texas. BORTAC and BORSTAR direct their nationally dispersed assets from the SOG, providing the U.S. Border Patrol with immediate tactical and emergency response assets.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 13, 2019, Director Troy Miller rang the closing bell at the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a> in honor of 230 years since the beginnings of the CBP.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personnel">Personnel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Personnel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="Special:EditPage/U.S. Customs and Border Protection">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection_Officer_(CBPO)"><span id="U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection_Officer_.28CBPO.29"></span>U.S. Customs and Border Protection Officer (CBPO)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: U.S. Customs and Border Protection Officer (CBPO)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CBP-OFO_Patch.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/CBP-OFO_Patch.JPG/140px-CBP-OFO_Patch.JPG" decoding="async" width="140" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/CBP-OFO_Patch.JPG/210px-CBP-OFO_Patch.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/CBP-OFO_Patch.JPG/280px-CBP-OFO_Patch.JPG 2x" data-file-width="414" data-file-height="458" /></a><figcaption>CBP – Office of Field Operations Shoulder Patch</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CBP_female_officers_going_aboard_a_ship.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/CBP_female_officers_going_aboard_a_ship.jpg/170px-CBP_female_officers_going_aboard_a_ship.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/CBP_female_officers_going_aboard_a_ship.jpg/255px-CBP_female_officers_going_aboard_a_ship.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/CBP_female_officers_going_aboard_a_ship.jpg/340px-CBP_female_officers_going_aboard_a_ship.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2704" data-file-height="4064" /></a><figcaption>CBPO's boarding a ship.</figcaption></figure> <p>CBP officers<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are federal law enforcement officers in the largest CBP <a href="/wiki/CBP_Office_of_Field_Operations" title="CBP Office of Field Operations">Office of Field Operations</a> empowered to exercise the authority and perform the duties provided by law and Department of Homeland Security regulations, including making arrests, conducting searches, making seizures, bearing firearms, and serving any order or warrant. CBP officers have full law enforcement powers on and off duty. CBP officers defend against terrorist intrusion by identifying high risk individuals who are attempting to enter into the United States; stop criminal activities – such as <a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade" title="Illegal drug trade">drug trafficking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Child_pornography" title="Child pornography">child pornography</a> (including on computers, cell phones, and other electronic media), <a href="/wiki/Arms_trafficking" title="Arms trafficking">weapons trafficking</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Money_laundering" title="Money laundering">money laundering</a> – by inspecting vehicles and trucks; and prevent the illegal entry of individuals, the smuggling of prohibited goods, and other customs and immigration violations. Officers are armed with <a href="/wiki/Glock#Glock_19" title="Glock">Glock G19</a> pistols chambered in <a href="/wiki/9%C3%9719mm_Parabellum" title="9×19mm Parabellum">9mm</a>, expandable <a href="/wiki/Baton_(law_enforcement)" title="Baton (law enforcement)">batons</a>, x2 <a href="/wiki/Taser" title="Taser">Tasers</a> and oleoresin capsicum <a href="/wiki/Pepper_spray" title="Pepper spray">pepper spray</a>. In accordance with Public Law 110–161, CBP officers are covered under special law enforcement retirement, and all candidates must be referred for selection for this position before reaching their 40th birthday. </p><p>Officer candidates attend the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Law_Enforcement_Training_Centers" title="Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers">Federal Law Enforcement Training Center</a>, in Glynco, Georgia for 21 weeks of paid training. Candidate training consists of basic law enforcement skills, including Anti-Terrorism; Detection of Contraband; Interviewing; Cross-cultural Communications; Firearms Handling and Qualification; Immigration and Naturalization Laws; U.S. Customs Export and Import laws, Defensive Tactics and Driving; Crime Investigation Site; Arrest Techniques; Baton Techniques; Examination of cargo, bags, and merchandise; <a href="/wiki/Border_search_exception" title="Border search exception">border search exception</a>; Entry and Control Procedures; Passenger Processing; and Officer Safety and Survival. Those candidates selected for duty locations requiring Spanish may receive an additional 6 weeks of Spanish Language training. After a few years of service, qualified Officers may serve on CBP's <a href="/wiki/SWAT" title="SWAT">Special Response Team</a> after passing a pre-test and an additional five weeks of paid training at the U.S. Border Patrol Tactical Unit (<a href="/wiki/BORTAC" title="BORTAC">BORTAC</a>) in <a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso, Texas</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CBP_checking_authenticity_of_a_travel_document.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/CBP_checking_authenticity_of_a_travel_document.jpg/250px-CBP_checking_authenticity_of_a_travel_document.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/CBP_checking_authenticity_of_a_travel_document.jpg/375px-CBP_checking_authenticity_of_a_travel_document.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/CBP_checking_authenticity_of_a_travel_document.jpg/500px-CBP_checking_authenticity_of_a_travel_document.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4064" data-file-height="2704" /></a><figcaption>U.S. CBP <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Field_Operations" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Field Operations">Office of Field Operations</a> agent checking the <a href="/wiki/Authentication" title="Authentication">authenticity</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Travel_document" title="Travel document">travel document</a> at an <a href="/wiki/International_airport" title="International airport">international airport</a> using a <a href="/wiki/Stereo_microscope" title="Stereo microscope">stereo microscope</a></figcaption></figure> <p>CBP officers may begin their careers in any region for which they apply. The duty region is selected during the application phase. Proficiency in Spanish is a duty requirement only for those stationed along southern border regions, although it is not a requirement before being hired. CBP officers stationed along southern border regions will undergo Spanish language training before coming on duty. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CBP_International_Travel_Preclearance_Operations_in_Canada_(26003271678).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/CBP_International_Travel_Preclearance_Operations_in_Canada_%2826003271678%29.jpg/220px-CBP_International_Travel_Preclearance_Operations_in_Canada_%2826003271678%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/CBP_International_Travel_Preclearance_Operations_in_Canada_%2826003271678%29.jpg/330px-CBP_International_Travel_Preclearance_Operations_in_Canada_%2826003271678%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/CBP_International_Travel_Preclearance_Operations_in_Canada_%2826003271678%29.jpg/440px-CBP_International_Travel_Preclearance_Operations_in_Canada_%2826003271678%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>US and Canadian customs agents</figcaption></figure> <p>The CBP officer position is categorized as a "critical-sensitive" position in law enforcement. For this reason, officer candidates must undergo a single scope background investigation (SSBI) before being appointed. In addition, officer candidates must pass a written exam, undergo drug and medical examination, polygraph examination, a physical fitness test, pre-security screening and structured interview during the pre-appointment phase.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption>CBP Officer (OFO) Rank and Insignia </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Title </th> <th scope="col">Insignia </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Pay_grade" title="Pay grade">Pay grade</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Executive Assistant Commissioner </th> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O10_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Four white metal stars in a horizontal row" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/US-O10_insignia.svg/108px-US-O10_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="108" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/US-O10_insignia.svg/162px-US-O10_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/US-O10_insignia.svg/216px-US-O10_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2514" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>SES </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Deputy Executive Assistant Commissioner </th> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O9_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Three white metal stars in a horizontal row" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/US-O9_insignia.svg/81px-US-O9_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="81" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/US-O9_insignia.svg/122px-US-O9_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/US-O9_insignia.svg/162px-US-O9_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1883" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>SES </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Director of Field Operations </th> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O8_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Two white metal stars in a horizontal row" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/US-O8_insignia.svg/54px-US-O8_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="54" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/US-O8_insignia.svg/81px-US-O8_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/US-O8_insignia.svg/108px-US-O8_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1252" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>SES </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Area Port Director </th> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O7_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="One white metal stars in a horizontal row" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/27px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/41px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/54px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>GS-15 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Watch Commander </th> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O6_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="White metal eagle with wings spread and head turned right, clutching olive branch in right talon and arrows in left talon, bearing escutcheon in French style shape of horizontal stripes above vertical stripes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/50px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/75px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/100px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>GS-14 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Chief Officer </th> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O5_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="White metal oak leaf with seven points" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/30px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/45px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/60px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>GS-13 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Supervisory Officer </th> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O4_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Yellow metal oak leaf with seven points" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/US-O4_insignia.svg/30px-US-O4_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/US-O4_insignia.svg/45px-US-O4_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/US-O4_insignia.svg/60px-US-O4_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>GS-13 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Officer (Enforcement) / Officer (Intelligence) </th> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O2_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="White metal single bar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O2_insignia.svg/10px-US-O2_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O2_insignia.svg/15px-US-O2_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O2_insignia.svg/20px-US-O2_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>GS-12 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Officer (Journeyman) </th> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CBPO_Journeyman_Rank_Insignia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Blue single bar outlined in yellow metal with band across it of yellow metal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/CBPO_Journeyman_Rank_Insignia.png/9px-CBPO_Journeyman_Rank_Insignia.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/CBPO_Journeyman_Rank_Insignia.png/14px-CBPO_Journeyman_Rank_Insignia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/CBPO_Journeyman_Rank_Insignia.png/19px-CBPO_Journeyman_Rank_Insignia.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="1048" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>GS-12 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Officer </th> <td>No insignia </td> <td>GS-11 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Officer (Entry Level) / Academy Trainee </th> <td>No insignia </td> <td>GS-9, GS-7, GS-5 </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>The title and authority of Port Director can be held at the GS-12, GS-13, GS-14, GS-15, or SES pay grades based on staffing level of the port.</li></ul> <ul><li>Promotion to GS-12 CBP officer is automatic with time in service. Promotions to GS-13 and above are competitive.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture_specialists_(OFO)"><span id="Agriculture_specialists_.28OFO.29"></span>Agriculture specialists (OFO)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Agriculture specialists (OFO)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Animal_and_Plant_Health_Inspection_Service" title="Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service">Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CPB_Flower_Inspection_(46378985314).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/CPB_Flower_Inspection_%2846378985314%29.jpg/220px-CPB_Flower_Inspection_%2846378985314%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/CPB_Flower_Inspection_%2846378985314%29.jpg/330px-CPB_Flower_Inspection_%2846378985314%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/CPB_Flower_Inspection_%2846378985314%29.jpg/440px-CPB_Flower_Inspection_%2846378985314%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3333" /></a><figcaption>Agriculture Specialists inspecting flower imports</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CBP_Agriculture_Specialist_badge.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/CBP_Agriculture_Specialist_badge.png/170px-CBP_Agriculture_Specialist_badge.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/CBP_Agriculture_Specialist_badge.png/255px-CBP_Agriculture_Specialist_badge.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/CBP_Agriculture_Specialist_badge.png/340px-CBP_Agriculture_Specialist_badge.png 2x" data-file-width="349" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption>Agriculture Specialist badge</figcaption></figure> <p>CBP agriculture specialists<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> receive 11 weeks of paid training at the Professional Development Center in <a href="/wiki/Frederick,_Maryland" title="Frederick, Maryland">Frederick, Maryland</a> as well as a post-academy training phase that varies in length according to their assigned port. Agriculture Specialists are stationed at international ports of entry located at airports, seaports, and land borders throughout the U.S. and along the Canadian and Mexican borders; they are also stationed overseas in various countries authorized by the United States to have the traveling public and agricultural commodities pre-cleared before entering into the United States. They are uniformed federal officers with the authority to conduct random inspections of luggage or items entering the country and the power to seize prohibited or contaminated items. Agricultural Specialists issue civil fines, not to be confused with collecting duty or tax, to both international travelers and commercial entities in accordance with the federal laws CFR 7 & 9; they do not however collect duty taxes. Although agriculture specialists work for and are sworn to uphold and enforce the laws governed under the jurisdiction of Customs and Border Protection, they are also tasked with enforcing the laws governed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a> (USDA) and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service">United States Fish and Wildlife Service</a> (FWS). They serve as expert and technical consultants in the areas of inspection, intelligence, analysis, examination and law enforcement activities related to the importation of agricultural and commercial commodities and conveyances at the various ports of entry. Agriculture specialists apply a wide range of federal, state and local laws and agency regulations, including those of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control" class="mw-redirect" title="Centers for Disease Control">Centers for Disease Control</a> (CDC), and the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) when determining the admissibility of agricultural commodities, or commodities in general, while regulating and/or preventing the introduction of restricted or prohibited products, harmful pests, diseases and potential agro-terrorism into the United States. They participate in special enforcement, targeting, and analysis teams charged with collecting and analyzing information and identifying high-risk targets; or conducting visual and physical inspections of cargo, conveyances or passenger baggage. The Agriculture Specialist plans, conducts, and supervises remedial actions such as treating, disinfecting and decontaminating prohibited commodities, conveyances, contaminants or agricultural materials.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The agriculture specialist position is categorized as a "sensitive" position in law enforcement and may be granted up to the "Secret" level security clearance. Candidates must undergo a single scope background investigation and a polygraph examination before being appointed. In addition, the candidates must undergo a video based interview as well as a drug and medical examination during the pre-appointment phase. </p> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Agriculture Specialist (OFO) Rank and Insignia </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Title </th> <th scope="col">Insignia </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Pay_grade" title="Pay grade">Pay grade</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="“row”">Branch Chief </th> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O6_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="White metal eagle with wings spread and head turned right, clutching olive branch in right talon and arrows in left talon, bearing escutcheon in French style shape of horizontal stripes above vertical stripes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/50px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/75px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/100px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>GS-14 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Chief Agriculture Specialist </th> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O5_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="White metal oak leaf with seven points" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/30px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/45px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/59px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>GS-13 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Supervisory Agriculture Specialist </th> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O4_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Yellow metal oak leaf with seven points" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/US-O4_insignia.svg/30px-US-O4_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/US-O4_insignia.svg/45px-US-O4_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/US-O4_insignia.svg/59px-US-O4_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>GS-13 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Agriculture Specialist (Journeyman) </th> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Customs_and_Border_Protection_-_CBPO.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Blue single bar outlined in yellow metal with band across it of yellow metal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/US_Customs_and_Border_Protection_-_CBPO.png/10px-US_Customs_and_Border_Protection_-_CBPO.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/US_Customs_and_Border_Protection_-_CBPO.png/15px-US_Customs_and_Border_Protection_-_CBPO.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/US_Customs_and_Border_Protection_-_CBPO.png/20px-US_Customs_and_Border_Protection_-_CBPO.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>GS-12 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Agriculture Specialist </th> <td>No insignia </td> <td>GS-11 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Agriculture Specialist (Entry Level) / Academy Trainee </th> <td>No insignia </td> <td>GS-9, GS-7, GS-5 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Import_specialists_(OFO)"><span id="Import_specialists_.28OFO.29"></span>Import specialists (OFO)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Import specialists (OFO)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inspected_by_US_Customs_Tape.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Inspected_by_US_Customs_Tape.jpg/170px-Inspected_by_US_Customs_Tape.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Inspected_by_US_Customs_Tape.jpg/255px-Inspected_by_US_Customs_Tape.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Inspected_by_US_Customs_Tape.jpg/340px-Inspected_by_US_Customs_Tape.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Tape used by U.S. Customs and Border Protection to reseal packages that they have searched, and to indicate that they have done so</figcaption></figure> <p>Import specialists interact with both importers and exporters and are responsible for decisions regarding merchandise, manufactured goods, and commodities. </p><p>Import specialists work alongside CBP officers, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement#Homeland_Security_Investigations_(HSI)" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">Homeland Security Investigations</a> special agents and legal professionals in matters of international trade.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are responsible for classifying and appraising commercially imported merchandise that enter the country. They determine which products may legally enter the country by enforcing laws protecting public health and safety, intellectual property rights and fair trade practices. They detect incidents of smuggling, commercial fraud, and counterfeiting and participate in related criminal investigations. </p><p>Import specialists have the authority to issue penalties and fines, to recommend seizure of prohibited or suspect cargo and to participate in negotiations and legal prosecution. Occasionally, import specialists may be given short-term assignments overseas as part of a multi-agency team. Responsibilities could include investigating foreign manufacturing facilities for violations involving child labor, product safety or other areas of concern to the country. Seven weeks of paid specialized training enable import specialists to develop an expert knowledge of import and export trends, commodities, industries, and international trade agreements. Import specialists perform their mission at more than 300 ports of entry located at airports, seaports and land borders throughout the United States and along the Canadian and Mexican borders. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_Border_Patrol_(USBP)"><span id="United_States_Border_Patrol_.28USBP.29"></span>United States Border Patrol (USBP)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: United States Border Patrol (USBP)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Border_Patrol" title="United States Border Patrol">United States Border Patrol</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CBP_Border_Patrol_agent_reads_the_Miranda_rights.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/CBP_Border_Patrol_agent_reads_the_Miranda_rights.jpg/220px-CBP_Border_Patrol_agent_reads_the_Miranda_rights.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/CBP_Border_Patrol_agent_reads_the_Miranda_rights.jpg/330px-CBP_Border_Patrol_agent_reads_the_Miranda_rights.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/CBP_Border_Patrol_agent_reads_the_Miranda_rights.jpg/440px-CBP_Border_Patrol_agent_reads_the_Miranda_rights.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Border Patrol Agent reading the <a href="/wiki/Miranda_warning" title="Miranda warning">Miranda Rights</a> to a suspect.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Border_Patrol_agent_badge.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/US_Border_Patrol_agent_badge.png/170px-US_Border_Patrol_agent_badge.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/US_Border_Patrol_agent_badge.png/255px-US_Border_Patrol_agent_badge.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/US_Border_Patrol_agent_badge.png 2x" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="481" /></a><figcaption>Border Patrol Agent badge</figcaption></figure> <p>The U.S. Border Patrol agent<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (as opposed to officer) is a federal law enforcement agent actively patrolling a U.S. border to prevent persons from entering the United States without government permission. Agents detect and prevent the smuggling and unlawful entry of aliens into the United States, along with apprehending those people found to be in violation of immigration laws. Agents work to lower crime and improve the quality of life in border communities. In some areas, Agents are deputized or have peace-officer status and use it to enforce local and state/territory laws. More than 20,000 Border Patrol agents safeguard nearly 6,000 miles of land border the United States shares with Canada and Mexico, and more than 2,000 miles of coastal waters. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/CPB_UAS_Sample_Surveillance_Video_02282008_.theora.ogv/220px--CPB_UAS_Sample_Surveillance_Video_02282008_.theora.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="24" data-mwtitle="CPB_UAS_Sample_Surveillance_Video_02282008_.theora.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:CPB_UAS_Sample_Surveillance_Video_02282008_.theora.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/CPB_UAS_Sample_Surveillance_Video_02282008_.theora.ogv/CPB_UAS_Sample_Surveillance_Video_02282008_.theora.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/CPB_UAS_Sample_Surveillance_Video_02282008_.theora.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/CPB_UAS_Sample_Surveillance_Video_02282008_.theora.ogv/CPB_UAS_Sample_Surveillance_Video_02282008_.theora.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/CPB_UAS_Sample_Surveillance_Video_02282008_.theora.ogv/CPB_UAS_Sample_Surveillance_Video_02282008_.theora.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/CPB_UAS_Sample_Surveillance_Video_02282008_.theora.ogv/CPB_UAS_Sample_Surveillance_Video_02282008_.theora.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/CPB_UAS_Sample_Surveillance_Video_02282008_.theora.ogv/CPB_UAS_Sample_Surveillance_Video_02282008_.theora.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Border Surveillance video captured by a <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aircraft_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Unmanned aircraft system">UAS</a> (likely along the Mexican border).</figcaption></figure> <p>One of the most important activities for a United States Border Patrol agent is "line watch". This involves the detection, prevention and apprehension of <a href="/wiki/Terrorist" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorist">terrorists</a>, illegal aliens and smugglers of both aliens and contraband at or near the land border by maintaining surveillance from a covert position, following up leads, responding to electronic sensor systems, aircraft sightings, and interpreting and following tracks, marks and other physical evidence. Some of the major activities are farm and ranch check, traffic check, traffic observation, city patrol, transportation check, administrative, intelligence, and anti-smuggling activities. </p><p>All agents complete a 26-week paid "Basic Academy" training at the U.S. Border Patrol Academy in <a href="/wiki/Artesia,_New_Mexico" title="Artesia, New Mexico">Artesia, New Mexico</a>. Training includes such topics as immigration and nationality laws, physical training (PT), weapons and marksmanship. For those needing Spanish language instruction, an additional 8 weeks may be required beyond the 65 days of Basic Academy training. Border Patrol Agents must be willing to work overtime and varying shifts under arduous conditions, and be proficient in the carry and use of firearms. They may also be sent on temporary assignments on short notice, or on permanent reassignments to any duty location. All new agents begin their careers along the Southwest border, where a working knowledge of Spanish is required. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_and_marine_enforcement_and_interdiction_agents">Air and marine enforcement and interdiction agents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Air and marine enforcement and interdiction agents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CBP_Office_of_Air_and_Marine_Operations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CBP Office of Air and Marine Operations (page does not exist)">CBP Office of Air and Marine Operations</a> (AMO) <ul><li><b>Aviation enforcement agents (AEA)</b><br />An aviation enforcement agent serves as the primary federal law enforcement officer aboard AMO aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-AMOAnnual2015_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMOAnnual2015-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Air interdiction agents (AIA)</b><br />Air interdiction agents serve as the pilot in command of an AMO aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-AMOAnnual2015_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMOAnnual2015-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Marine interdiction agents (MIA)</b><br />Marine interdiction agents are either the vessel commander or a crew member aboard an AMO vessel.<sup id="cite_ref-AMOAnnual2015_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMOAnnual2015-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <p>AMO is the world's largest civilian aviation and maritime law enforcement organization. Its mission is to protect the American people and nation's critical infrastructure through the coordinated use of air and marine assets to detect, interdict and prevent acts of terrorism and the unlawful movement of people, illegal drugs, and other contraband toward or across the borders of the United States. Air and marine interdiction agents are endowed with the authority to enforce Title 8 (Aliens and Nationality) and Title 19 (Customs) of the United States Code in addition to the general law enforcement powers bestowed upon federal law enforcement agents. </p><p>This specialized law enforcement capability allows AMO to make significant contributions to the efforts of the Department of Homeland Security, as well as to those of other federal, state, local, and tribal agencies. AMO is uniquely positioned to provide direct air and maritime support to multiple agencies and to ensure the success of border protection and law enforcement operations between ports of entry, within the maritime domain and within the nation's interior. To accomplish its mission, AMO employs over 1,200 federal agents at 70 locations, operating more than 260 aircraft of 26 different types, and approximately 300 maritime vessels. It is one of the major operational components within U.S. Customs and Border Protection, along with the Office of Field Operations (OFO) and the United States Border Patrol (USBP).<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Employee_morale">Employee morale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Employee morale"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CBP_Officers_pay_tribute_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/CBP_Officers_pay_tribute_2007.jpg/220px-CBP_Officers_pay_tribute_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/CBP_Officers_pay_tribute_2007.jpg/330px-CBP_Officers_pay_tribute_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/CBP_Officers_pay_tribute_2007.jpg/440px-CBP_Officers_pay_tribute_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2958" data-file-height="2232" /></a><figcaption>A color guard composed of CBP officers and USBP agents at a Washington, D.C. ceremony in May 2007.</figcaption></figure> <p>In July 2006, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Office_of_Personnel_Management" title="United States Office of Personnel Management">Office of Personnel Management</a> conducted a survey of federal employees in all 36 federal agencies on job satisfaction and how they felt their respective agency was headed. DHS (which includes CBP) was last or near to last in every category including </p> <ul><li>36th on the job satisfaction index</li> <li>35th on the leadership and knowledge management index</li> <li>36th on the results-oriented performance culture index</li> <li>33rd on the talent management index</li></ul> <p>The low scores were attributed to major concerns about basic supervision, management and leadership within DHS. Based on the survey, the primary concerns are about promotion and pay increase based on merit, dealing with poor performance, rewarding creativity and innovation, and the inability of leadership to generate high levels of motivation in the workforce, recognition for doing a good job, lack of satisfaction with various component policies and procedures and lack of information about what is going on with the organization and complaints from the traveling public.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2007, CBP commissioner W. Ralph Basham announced to employees that the agency would be conducting 125 different focus groups in 12 different cities around the country to better understand their concerns as expressed in the Human Capital Survey. The agency is also going to give employees who are not a part of that focus group process an intranet virtual focus group where they can express their views and their concerns. The commissioner stated: "We are looking at this very seriously. We want to hear from the employees, we want to hear from these focus groups, we want to drill down on this survey." In 2011, more than four years after this statement was made, these focus groups have never been reported to have been held, nor have any plans been reported for them to be held in the future. </p><p>A November 2007 <a href="/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office" title="Government Accountability Office">Government Accountability Office</a> report showed that low staffing, training, and overwork is a large problem within CBP, and an average of 71 officers leave the service every two weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CBP continued carrying out their mission during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic in the United States</a>. As of June 17, 2020, 544 federal employees tested positive for <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">COVID-19</a> and 5 have died as a result of the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-CBP-COVID-19_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBP-COVID-19-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polygraphing">Polygraphing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Polygraphing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2011, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> mandated that applicants to CBP jobs undergo <a href="/wiki/Polygraph" title="Polygraph">polygraph</a> testing. The agency polygraphs about 10,000 applicants annually. From the start of the polygraphing until August 16, 2013, over 200 confessions of wrongdoing had been made. Many of the applicants confessed that they had close associations with drug traffickers or that they were directly involved in smuggling of drugs and illegal immigrants. The agency accused ten applicants of using countermeasures. As part of the "Operation Lie Busters", the name of the crackdown on polygraph countermeasures, all ten were not selected for employment.<sup id="cite_ref-TaylorWootsonPolyFeds_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TaylorWootsonPolyFeds-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Equipment">Equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aircraft">Aircraft</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Aircraft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P-3_AEW_US_Customs_and_Border_Protection_in_flight_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/P-3_AEW_US_Customs_and_Border_Protection_in_flight_2009.jpg/220px-P-3_AEW_US_Customs_and_Border_Protection_in_flight_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/P-3_AEW_US_Customs_and_Border_Protection_in_flight_2009.jpg/330px-P-3_AEW_US_Customs_and_Border_Protection_in_flight_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/P-3_AEW_US_Customs_and_Border_Protection_in_flight_2009.jpg/440px-P-3_AEW_US_Customs_and_Border_Protection_in_flight_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3427" data-file-height="2276" /></a><figcaption>A US Customs P-3 AEW on an <a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade" title="Illegal drug trade">anti-narcotic</a> mission</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CBP_World_Trade_Center_Photography_15_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/CBP_World_Trade_Center_Photography_15_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-CBP_World_Trade_Center_Photography_15_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/CBP_World_Trade_Center_Photography_15_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-CBP_World_Trade_Center_Photography_15_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/CBP_World_Trade_Center_Photography_15_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-CBP_World_Trade_Center_Photography_15_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2194" data-file-height="1377" /></a><figcaption>A CBP UH-60 Blackhawk in flight</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:center; background:#acc;">Aircraft<sup id="cite_ref-CBP_Aircraft_and_Marine_Vessels_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBP_Aircraft_and_Marine_Vessels-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="text-align: center; background:#acc;">Origin </th> <th style="text-align:l center; background:#acc;">Type </th> <th style="text-align:left; background:#acc;">Variant </th> <th style="text-align:center; background:#acc;">In service </th> <th style="text-align: center; background:#acc;">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <th style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Maritime_patrol_aircraft" title="Maritime patrol aircraft">Maritime Patrol</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bombardier_DHC-8" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardier DHC-8">Bombardier DHC-8</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Surveillance_aircraft" title="Surveillance aircraft">surveillance</a> / transport </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>equipped with a <a href="/wiki/Marine_radar" title="Marine radar">marine search radar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Surveillance#Aerial" title="Surveillance">Surveillance</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cessna_210" class="mw-redirect" title="Cessna 210">Cessna 210</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Surveillance_aircraft" title="Surveillance aircraft">surveillance</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cessna_206" title="Cessna 206">206</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Super_King_Air" title="Beechcraft Super King Air">Super King Air</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Surveillance_aircraft" title="Surveillance aircraft">surveillance</a> / patrol </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Super_King_Air#Variants" title="Beechcraft Super King Air">350ER / 200</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockheed P-3">Lockheed P-3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Interceptor_aircraft" title="Interceptor aircraft">Interceptor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Surveillance_aircraft" title="Surveillance aircraft">surveillance</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lockheed_P-3_Orion_variants#P-3AEW&C" title="List of Lockheed P-3 Orion variants">P-3 (LRT)</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>equipped with an <a href="/wiki/AN/APG-66(V)" class="mw-redirect" title="AN/APG-66(V)">APG-66V radar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pilatus_PC-12" title="Pilatus PC-12">Pilatus PC-12</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Surveillance_aircraft" title="Surveillance aircraft">surveillance</a> / transport </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pilatus_PC-12#Design_and_development" title="Pilatus PC-12">PC-12NG</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>outfitted with an <a href="/wiki/Electro-optics" title="Electro-optics">Electro-optical</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thermographic_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermographic camera">infrared sensor</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Airborne_early_warning_and_control" title="Airborne early warning and control">AWACS</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockheed P-3">Lockheed P-3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Airborne_early_warning_and_control" title="Airborne early warning and control">early warning control</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lockheed_P-3_Orion_variants#P-3AEW&C" title="List of Lockheed P-3 Orion variants">P-3AEW&C</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>modified with a rotating <a href="/wiki/List_of_military_electronics_of_the_United_States#A" title="List of military electronics of the United States">AN/APS-145</a> <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a> dome </td></tr> <tr> <th style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Helicopters" class="mw-redirect" title="Helicopters">Helicopters</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bell_UH-1_Iroquois" title="Bell UH-1 Iroquois">Bell UH-1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td>utility </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bell_Huey_family#UH-1H" title="Bell Huey family">UH-1H</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bell_Huey_family#Civil_designations" title="Bell Huey family">Huey II</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-76" title="Sikorsky S-76">Sikorsky S-76</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Surveillance_aircraft" title="Surveillance aircraft">surveillance</a> / <a href="/wiki/Counter-terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-terrorism">counter-terrorism</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_UH-60_Black_Hawk" title="Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk">Sikorsky UH-60</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td>utility / transport </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eurocopter_AS350" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurocopter AS350">Eurocopter AS350</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td>utility / surveillance </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eurocopter_EC120_Colibri" title="Eurocopter EC120 Colibri">Eurocopter EC120</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td>utility / surveillance </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">UAV</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-9_Reaper" title="General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper">General Atomics MQ-9</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td>surveillance </td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-9_Reaper#Variants" title="General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper">Guardian</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Watercraft">Watercraft</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Watercraft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:center; background:#aabccc;">Vessel </th> <th style="text-align: center; background:#aabccc;">Origin </th> <th style="text-align:l center; background:#aabccc;">Class </th> <th style="text-align:left; background:#aabccc;">Variant </th> <th style="text-align:center; background:#aabccc;">In service </th> <th style="text-align: center; background:#aabccc;">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Airboat" title="Airboat">Diamondback Airboat</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Water_police" title="Water police">riverine</a> </td> <td>18' open cabin </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SAFE_Boats_International#Models" title="SAFE Boats International">SAFE Full Cabin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Water_police" title="Water police">riverine</a> </td> <td>25' full cabin </td> <td> </td> <td>equipped with a <a href="/wiki/Marine_radar" title="Marine radar">marine surface radar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SAFE_Boats_International#Models" title="SAFE Boats International">SAFE Full Cabin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maritime_interdiction" title="Maritime interdiction">interceptor</a> </td> <td>33' full cabin </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SAFE_Boats_International#Models" title="SAFE Boats International">SAFE Full Cabin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maritime_interdiction" title="Maritime interdiction">interceptor</a> </td> <td>38' full cabin </td> <td> </td> <td>equipped with an <a href="/wiki/Electro-optics" title="Electro-optics">Electro-optical</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thermographic_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermographic camera">infrared sensors</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Go-fast_boat" title="Go-fast boat">Midnight Express</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maritime_interdiction" title="Maritime interdiction">interceptor</a> </td> <td>39' open cabin </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Go-fast_boat" title="Go-fast boat">Interim SeaHunter</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maritime_interdiction" title="Maritime interdiction">interceptor</a> </td> <td>40' open cabin </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Go-fast_boat" title="Go-fast boat">Invincible</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maritime_interdiction" title="Maritime interdiction">interceptor</a> </td> <td>42' open cabin </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Go-fast_boat" title="Go-fast boat">Intrepid</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td>Coastal Enforcement </td> <td>30 open cabin </td> <td> </td> <td>shallow water and coastal patrol </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weapons">Weapons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Weapons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CBP officers primary sidearm since 2019 is the <a href="/wiki/Glock_19" class="mw-redirect" title="Glock 19">Glock 19</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pistol in <a href="/wiki/9mm" class="mw-redirect" title="9mm">9mm</a> caliber. It can contain as many as 16 rounds of ammunition (15 in the magazine and one in the chamber). Like many other law enforcement agencies, the 12 <a href="/wiki/Gauge_(bore_diameter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauge (bore diameter)">gauge</a> <a href="/wiki/Remington_Model_870" title="Remington Model 870">Remington Model 870</a> is the standard pump-action shotgun. The CBP issue Model 870 has been modified by Scattergun Technologies to CBP specifications including: a 14-inch barrel, a five-shot capacity magazine, a composite stock with pistol grip, and night sights with a tactical "ghost-ring" rear sight. CBP uses the <a href="/wiki/5.56x45" class="mw-redirect" title="5.56x45">5.56x45</a> caliber Colt <a href="/wiki/M4_Carbine" class="mw-redirect" title="M4 Carbine">M4 Carbine (M4A1)</a> as the standard long gun for CBP Officers assigned to its aviation and maritime interdiction units, the CBP Border Patrol, the CBP Special Response Teams.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In April 2019, CBP awarded <a href="/wiki/Glock" title="Glock">Glock</a> a contract to replace the <a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_P2000" title="Heckler & Koch P2000">H&K P2000</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A special version of the Glock known as G47 was produced for CBP, along with Glock G19 compact and Glock G26 subcompacts modified to CBP specifications. All will be chambered in <a href="/wiki/9mm" class="mw-redirect" title="9mm">9mm</a> caliber.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Border_Patrol#Criticisms" title="United States Border Patrol">United States Border Patrol § Criticisms</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_United_States_government#Criticism_of_agencies" title="Criticism of the United States government">Criticism of the United States government § Criticism of agencies</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Morning_Edition" title="Morning Edition">Morning Edition</a></i> reported that CBP radiation-detection equipment at ports is better at detecting kitty litter than dangerous weapons, and that U.S. borders are so porous that congressional investigators carrying simulated nuclear materials have walked across unchallenged.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an article entitled "<i>DHS Decision-Making: Competence or Character?</i>", James Giermanski states that the fundamental problem within CBP is that the agency has weak and sometimes flawed management. He says that DHS and CBP suffer from "seriously flawed decision-making", citing the "door only" policy, radio frequency identification technology, and lack of focus on exports which contain bombs.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The agency's practice of performing internal document checks on buses and trains running entirely within U.S. territory has been called "coercive, unconstitutional, and tainted by <a href="/wiki/Racial_profiling" title="Racial profiling">racial profiling</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_International_Trade" title="United States Court of International Trade">United States Court of International Trade</a> found that CBP improperly classified merchandise when it had untrained chemists testifying before the court. The court found that there were errors in the laboratory reports, that CBP destroyed the evidence, and the tests used by the chemist did not meet any <a href="/wiki/Daubert_standard" title="Daubert standard">Daubert standards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During a federal court case for unlawful removal,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Statement needs to be more specific about the content to which it refers. (March 2016)">specify</span></a></i>]</sup> CBP and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> attorneys cited the U.S. Supreme Court case of <i><a href="/wiki/Garcetti_v._Ceballos" title="Garcetti v. Ceballos">Garcetti v. Ceballos</a></i> (04-473), which ruled that CBP employees do not have protection from retaliation by CBP managers under the <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment of the Constitution</a>. The free speech protections of the First Amendment have long been used to <a href="/wiki/Whistleblower_protection_in_the_United_States" title="Whistleblower protection in the United States">shield whistleblowers</a> from retaliation. In response to the Supreme Court decision of <i>Garcetti v. Ceballos</i>, the House of Representatives passed H.R. 985, the Whistleblower Protection Act of 2007, and the Senate passed its version of the <a href="/wiki/Whistleblower_Protection_Act" title="Whistleblower Protection Act">Whistleblower Protection Act</a> (S. 274), which has significant bipartisan support.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2005, a merger of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">ICE</a> and CBP was considered, following a review at the request Senator <a href="/wiki/Susan_Collins" title="Susan Collins">Susan Collins</a> (R-ME) chairwoman of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Homeland_Security_and_Governmental_Affairs_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee">Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee</a>, that found morale and operational issues with ICE and the overlapping responsibilities within the two agencies.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2018 report by the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">ACLU</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Law_School" title="University of Chicago Law School">University of Chicago Law School</a>'s International Human Rights Clinic alleged that there was pervasive physical, verbal, sexual and psychological abuse of immigrant minors by DHS and CBP officials over the period 2009–2014.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Customs and Border Protection denied the allegations.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ACLU published a guide, "Know Your Rights: In the 100-mile Border Zone."<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2019, after a report by <a href="/wiki/ProPublica" title="ProPublica">ProPublica</a>, the CBP initiated an investigation into "disturbing social media activity hosted on a private <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> group that may include a number of CBP employees". ProPublica reported that the three-year existence of the Facebook group called "I'm 10-15" (the code used by the Border Patrol for "aliens in custody"). The Facebook group, meant for current and former Border Patrol officials, had around 9,500 members. ProPublica published screenshots and quotes of group members mocking migrant deaths, questioning if a photo of drowned migrants was "edited" by liberals, and posting sexist and racist jokes on Latino members of the US Congress, including Representative <a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez</a>. She, in turn, described this as CBP's "violent culture". Border Patrol chief <a href="/wiki/Carla_Provost" title="Carla Provost">Carla Provost</a> said that the "posts are completely inappropriate" and vowed to hold the employees responsible accountable.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Provost herself was once a member of the group, having posted in it in November 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2020, the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a> dispatched federal officers to <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a>, during protests in the city following the <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">murder of George Floyd</a>. Policing tactics such as the detainment of protesters in unmarked vans and the shooting of protester Donavan La Bella in the head with an impact round were linked to a deployment that included CBP <a href="/wiki/BORTAC" title="BORTAC">BORTAC</a> agents sent to the city against the wishes of state and local government.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> US Customs and Border Protection was named in the resulting suit filed by the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Department_of_Justice" title="Oregon Department of Justice">Oregon Department of Justice</a>, which accused CBP and other federal agencies of violating protesters' civil rights.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The CBP was criticized in September 2022 for amassing a database of digital data from travelers crossing the US border with up to 10,000 people entered into the database per year, as well as the fact that around 2,700 CBP officers have warrantless access to the database and people's data. Senator <a href="/wiki/Ron_Wyden" title="Ron Wyden">Ron Wyden</a> addressed an official letter to the CBP commissioner, raising concern about "allowing indiscriminate rifling through Americans' private records" and asking that the searches be limited to criminal investigation suspects and known security risks.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Border_Force" title="Australian Border Force">Australian Border Force</a> (ABF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_Border_Services_Agency" title="Canada Border Services Agency">Canada Border Services Agency</a> (CBSA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_Security_Service" title="Diplomatic Security Service">Diplomatic Security Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_System_for_Travel_Authorization" title="Electronic System for Travel Authorization">Electronic System for Travel Authorization</a> (ESTA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonized_Tariff_Schedule_for_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonized Tariff Schedule for the United States">Harmonized Tariff Schedule for the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_security" title="Port security">Port security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBInet" title="SBInet">SBInet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_Border_Initiative" title="Secure Border Initiative">Secure Border Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply_chain_security" title="Supply chain security">Supply chain security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_19_of_the_Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Title 19 of the Code of Federal Regulations">Title 19 of the Code of Federal Regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administration" title="Transportation Security Administration">Transportation Security Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Coast_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Coast Guard">U.S. Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Marshals_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Marshals Service">U.S. Marshals Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Secret_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Secret Service">U.S. Secret Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services">U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services</a> (USCIS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement</a> (ICE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_border_preclearance" title="United States border preclearance">United States border preclearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Border_Patrol_interior_checkpoints" title="United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints">United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Visitor_and_Immigrant_Status_Indicator_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Visitor and Immigrant Status Indicator Technology">United States Visitor and Immigrant Status Indicator Technology</a> (US-VISIT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardia_di_Finanza" title="Guardia di Finanza">Guardia di Finanza</a></li></ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbp.gov/about">About CBP</a>" U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Retrieved April 10, 2018. <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/15px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/23px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/30px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>This article incorporates <a href="/wiki/Copyright_status_of_works_by_the_federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States">public domain material from this U.S government document</a>.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/news/2012/04/17/written-testimony-us-customs-and-border-protection-house-homeland-security">News</a>" Homeland Security. April 17, 2012. Retrieved April 10, 2018. <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/15px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/23px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/30px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>This article incorporates <a href="/wiki/Copyright_status_of_works_by_the_federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States">public domain material from this U.S government document</a>.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbp.gov/contact/cbp-hq">CBP Headquarters</a>" U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Retrieved April 10, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-inside-border-patrol-2019-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nyt-inside-border-patrol-2019_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFernandezJordanKanno-YoungsDickerson2019" class="citation web cs1">Fernandez, Manny; Jordan, Miriam; Kanno-Youngs, Zolan; Dickerson, Caitlin (September 15, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/15/us/border-patrol-culture.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'People Actively Hate Us': Inside the Border Patrol's Morale Crisis"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27People+Actively+Hate+Us%27%3A+Inside+the+Border+Patrol%27s+Morale+Crisis&rft.date=2019-09-15&rft.aulast=Fernandez&rft.aufirst=Manny&rft.au=Jordan%2C+Miriam&rft.au=Kanno-Youngs%2C+Zolan&rft.au=Dickerson%2C+Caitlin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F09%2F15%2Fus%2Fborder-patrol-culture.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbp.gov/border-security/along-us-borders/canine-program">"Canine Program"</a>. <i>Cbp.gov</i>. July 1, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cbp.gov&rft.atitle=Canine+Program&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbp.gov%2Fborder-security%2Falong-us-borders%2Fcanine-program&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbp.gov/border-security/along-us-borders/canine-program/history-3">"Canine Program History"</a>. <i>Cbp.gov</i>. July 1, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cbp.gov&rft.atitle=Canine+Program+History&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbp.gov%2Fborder-security%2Falong-us-borders%2Fcanine-program%2Fhistory-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbp.gov/about/leadership-organization/executive-assistant-commissioners-offices">"Executive Assistant Commissioners' Offices | U.S. Customs and Border Protection"</a>. <i>Cbp.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cbp.gov&rft.atitle=Executive+Assistant+Commissioners%27+Offices+%26%23124%3B+U.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbp.gov%2Fabout%2Fleadership-organization%2Fexecutive-assistant-commissioners-offices&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbp.gov/border-security/ports-entry/operations/preclearance">"Preclearance Locations"</a>. <i>Cbp.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cbp.gov&rft.atitle=Preclearance+Locations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbp.gov%2Fborder-security%2Fports-entry%2Foperations%2Fpreclearance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ACLU-100-Miles-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ACLU-100-Miles_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aclu.org/other/constitution-100-mile-border-zone">"The Constitution in the 100-Mile Border Zone"</a>. <i>Aclu.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200604063515/https://www.aclu.org/other/constitution-100-mile-border-zone">Archived</a> from the original on June 4, 2020. <q>Specifically, federal regulations give U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) authority to operate within 100 miles of any U.S. "external boundary."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aclu.org&rft.atitle=The+Constitution+in+the+100-Mile+Border+Zone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aclu.org%2Fother%2Fconstitution-100-mile-border-zone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CityLab-100-miles-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CityLab-100-miles_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMisra2018" class="citation news cs1">Misra, Tanvi (May 14, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citylab.com/equity/2018/05/who-lives-in-border-patrols-100-mile-zone-probably-you-mapped/558275/">"Mapping Who Lives in Border Patrol's '100-Mile Zone' - CityLab"</a>. <i>Bloomberg.com</i>. Bloomberg L.P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200426114117/https://www.citylab.com/equity/2018/05/who-lives-in-border-patrols-100-mile-zone-probably-you-mapped/558275/">Archived</a> from the original on April 26, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2020</span>. <q>the border zone is home to 65.3 percent of the entire U.S. population</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=Mapping+Who+Lives+in+Border+Patrol%27s+%27100-Mile+Zone%27+-+CityLab&rft.date=2018-05-14&rft.aulast=Misra&rft.aufirst=Tanvi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citylab.com%2Fequity%2F2018%2F05%2Fwho-lives-in-border-patrols-100-mile-zone-probably-you-mapped%2F558275%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCox2020" class="citation news cs1">Cox, Joseph (June 3, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/n7wnzm/government-flying-predator-drones-american-cities">"The Government is Regularly Flying Predator Drones Over American Cities"</a>. <i>VICE</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VICE&rft.atitle=The+Government+is+Regularly+Flying+Predator+Drones+Over+American+Cities&rft.date=2020-06-03&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen_us%2Farticle%2Fn7wnzm%2Fgovernment-flying-predator-drones-american-cities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSands2020" class="citation news cs1">Sands, Geneva (May 29, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/29/politics/cbp-drone-minneapolis/index.html">"Customs and Border Protection Drone Flew over Minneapolis to Provide Live Video to Law Enforcement"</a>. <i>CNN</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Customs+and+Border+Protection+Drone+Flew+over+Minneapolis+to+Provide+Live+Video+to+Law+Enforcement&rft.date=2020-05-29&rft.aulast=Sands&rft.aufirst=Geneva&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2020%2F05%2F29%2Fpolitics%2Fcbp-drone-minneapolis%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbp.gov/document/publications/cbp-organization-chart">"CBP Organization Chart | U.S. Customs and Border Protection"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CBP+Organization+Chart+%26%23124%3B+U.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbp.gov%2Fdocument%2Fpublications%2Fcbp-organization-chart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/19/1595a.html">"19 U.S. Code § 1595a – Forfeitures and other penalties"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=19+U.S.+Code+%C2%A7+1595a+%E2%80%93+Forfeitures+and+other+penalties&rft.pub=Cornell+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fuscode%2F19%2F1595a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/542">"8 U.S. Code § 542 – Entry of goods by means of false statements"</a>. Legal Information Institute<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=8+U.S.+Code+%C2%A7+542+%E2%80%93+Entry+of+goods+by+means+of+false+statements&rft.pub=Legal+Information+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fuscode%2Ftext%2F18%2F542&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbp.gov/about/history">"CBP Through the Years – U.S. Customs and Border Protection"</a>. <i>Cbp.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cbp.gov&rft.atitle=CBP+Through+the+Years+%E2%80%93+U.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbp.gov%2Fabout%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=17109431320863199074&hl=en&as_sdt=6&as_vis=1&oi=scholarr">"Chy Lung v. Freeman, 92 US 275 - Supreme Court 1876 - Google Scholar"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chy+Lung+v.+Freeman%2C+92+US+275+-+Supreme+Court+1876+-+Google+Scholar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2Fscholar_case%3Fcase%3D17109431320863199074%26hl%3Den%26as_sdt%3D6%26as_vis%3D1%26oi%3Dscholarr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141121120520/http://library.uwb.edu/guides/usimmigration/26%20stat%201084.pdf">"Fifty First Congress"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Library.uwb.edu</i>. 1891. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.uwb.edu/guides/usimmigration/26%20stat%201084.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on November 21, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library.uwb.edu&rft.atitle=Fifty+First+Congress&rft.date=1891&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.uwb.edu%2Fguides%2Fusimmigration%2F26%2520stat%25201084.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uscis.gov/history-and-genealogy/our-history/agency-history/early-american-immigration-policies">"Early American Immigration Policies"</a>. <i>Uscis.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Uscis.gov&rft.atitle=Early+American+Immigration+Policies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uscis.gov%2Fhistory-and-genealogy%2Four-history%2Fagency-history%2Fearly-american-immigration-policies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbp.gov/about/history/legacy/immigration-history">U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service – Populating a Nation: A History of Immigration and Naturalization</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141220233531/http://www.cbp.gov/about/history/legacy/immigration-history">Archived</a> 2014-12-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, cbp.gov, Retrieved December 20, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120307020221/http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/safeguarding/downloads/implementation_reports/year3report.pdf">"Safeguarding Implementation – Nearing the Finish"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Animal_and_Plant_Health_Inspection_Service" title="Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service">Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a>. September 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/safeguarding/downloads/implementation_reports/year3report.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 7, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Animal+and+Plant+Health+Inspection+Service&rft.atitle=Safeguarding+Implementation+%E2%80%93+Nearing+the+Finish&rft.date=2003-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aphis.usda.gov%2Fplant_health%2Fsafeguarding%2Fdownloads%2Fimplementation_reports%2Fyear3report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/government/wbasham-bio.html">"W. Ralph Basham"</a>. <i>Georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov&rft.atitle=W.+Ralph+Basham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeorgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov%2Fgovernment%2Fwbasham-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160318214228/http://www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Border%20Patrol%20Special%20Operations%20Group.pdf">"Special Operations Group PDF"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Border%20Patrol%20Special%20Operations%20Group.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 18, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Special+Operations+Group+PDF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbp.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2FBorder%2520Patrol%2520Special%2520Operations%2520Group.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbp.gov/border-security/along-us-borders/operations/special-operations">"Special Operations – U.S. Customs and Border Protection"</a>. <i>Cbp.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cbp.gov&rft.atitle=Special+Operations+%E2%80%93+U.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbp.gov%2Fborder-security%2Falong-us-borders%2Foperations%2Fspecial-operations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://livestream.com/NYSE/USCBPClosingBell2019/videos/196230886"><i>Troy Miller, Director of Field Operations, New York, rings The Closing Bell to celebrate the U.S Customs Service 230th Anniversary of Founding</i></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a></i> (Live Stream). September 13, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Troy+Miller%2C+Director+of+Field+Operations%2C+New+York%2C+rings+The+Closing+Bell+to+celebrate+the+U.S+Customs+Service+230th+Anniversary+of+Founding&rft.date=2019-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flivestream.com%2FNYSE%2FUSCBPClosingBell2019%2Fvideos%2F196230886&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbp.gov/careers/join-cbp/which-cbp-career/cbp-officer">"CBP Careers - CBP Officers"</a>. U.S. Customs and Border Protection. July 1, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CBP+Careers+-+CBP+Officers&rft.pub=U.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbp.gov%2Fcareers%2Fjoin-cbp%2Fwhich-cbp-career%2Fcbp-officer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbp.gov/careers/join-cbp/which-cbp-career/cbp-officer">"CBP Officer Requirement Tabs"</a>. U.S. Customs and Border Protection. July 1, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CBP+Officer+Requirement+Tabs&rft.pub=U.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbp.gov%2Fcareers%2Fjoin-cbp%2Fwhich-cbp-career%2Fcbp-officer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbp.gov/careers/join-cbp/which-cbp-career/agriculture-specialist">"CBP Careers – Agricultural Specialist"</a>. <i>Cbp.gov</i>. July 1, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cbp.gov&rft.atitle=CBP+Careers+%E2%80%93+Agricultural+Specialist&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbp.gov%2Fcareers%2Fjoin-cbp%2Fwhich-cbp-career%2Fagriculture-specialist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165330/https://www.cbp.gov/border-security/protecting-agriculture/fulfilling-ag-mission">"CBP's Agricultural Mission"</a>. <i>Cbp.gov</i>. July 1, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbp.gov/border-security/protecting-agriculture/fulfilling-ag-mission">the original</a> on March 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cbp.gov&rft.atitle=CBP%27s+Agricultural+Mission&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbp.gov%2Fborder-security%2Fprotecting-agriculture%2Ffulfilling-ag-mission&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbp.gov/careers/join-cbp/which-cbp-career/import-specialist">Import Specialist PDF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303163424/https://www.cbp.gov/careers/join-cbp/which-cbp-career/import-specialist">Archived</a> March 3, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved April 10, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303162144/https://www.cbp.gov/careers/join-cbp/which-cbp-career/border-patrol-agent/">"CBP Careers - Border Patrol Agent"</a>. <i>Cbp.gov</i>. July 1, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbp.gov/careers/join-cbp/which-cbp-career/border-patrol-agent">the original</a> on March 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cbp.gov&rft.atitle=CBP+Careers+-+Border+Patrol+Agent&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbp.gov%2Fcareers%2Fjoin-cbp%2Fwhich-cbp-career%2Fborder-patrol-agent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AMOAnnual2015-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AMOAnnual2015_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AMOAnnual2015_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AMOAnnual2015_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/assets/documents/2016-Dec/Annual_Review_FINAL_2015.pdf">Annual Review 2015</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). U.S. Customs and Border Protection Air and Marine Operations. 2015. p. 6<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Annual+Review+2015&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=U.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection+Air+and+Marine+Operations&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbp.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fassets%2Fdocuments%2F2016-Dec%2FAnnual_Review_FINAL_2015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303162357/https://www.cbp.gov/careers/join-cbp/which-cbp-career/air-and-marine/aviation-enforcement-agent">"CBP Careers – Aviation Enforcement Agent"</a>. <i>Cbp.gov</i>. July 1, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbp.gov/careers/join-cbp/which-cbp-career/air-and-marine/aviation-enforcement-agent">the original</a> on March 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cbp.gov&rft.atitle=CBP+Careers+%E2%80%93+Aviation+Enforcement+Agent&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbp.gov%2Fcareers%2Fjoin-cbp%2Fwhich-cbp-career%2Fair-and-marine%2Faviation-enforcement-agent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303153635/https://www.cbp.gov/careers/join-cbp/which-cbp-career/air-and-marine/air-interdiction-agent">"CBP Careers – Air Interdiction Agent"</a>. <i>Cbp.gov</i>. July 1, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbp.gov/careers/join-cbp/which-cbp-career/air-and-marine/air-interdiction-agent">the original</a> on March 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cbp.gov&rft.atitle=CBP+Careers+%E2%80%93+Air+Interdiction+Agent&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbp.gov%2Fcareers%2Fjoin-cbp%2Fwhich-cbp-career%2Fair-and-marine%2Fair-interdiction-agent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303163907/https://www.cbp.gov/careers/join-cbp/which-cbp-career/air-and-marine/marine-interdiction-agent">"CBP Careers – Marine Interdiction Agent"</a>. <i>Cbp.gov</i>. July 1, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbp.gov/careers/join-cbp/which-cbp-career/air-and-marine/marine-interdiction-agent">the original</a> on March 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cbp.gov&rft.atitle=CBP+Careers+%E2%80%93+Marine+Interdiction+Agent&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbp.gov%2Fcareers%2Fjoin-cbp%2Fwhich-cbp-career%2Fair-and-marine%2Fmarine-interdiction-agent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbp.gov/border-security/air-sea">"CBP Air and Sea Security"</a>. <i>Cbp.gov</i>. July 1, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cbp.gov&rft.atitle=CBP+Air+and+Sea+Security&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbp.gov%2Fborder-security%2Fair-sea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070316220717/http://abclocal.go.com/wls/story?section=nation_world&id=5017688">"Homeland Security employees rank last in job satisfaction survey"</a>. <i>ABC 7 Chicago</i>. February 8, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abclocal.go.com/wls/story?section=nation_world&id=5017688">the original</a> on March 16, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+7+Chicago&rft.atitle=Homeland+Security+employees+rank+last+in+job+satisfaction+survey&rft.date=2007-02-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabclocal.go.com%2Fwls%2Fstory%3Fsection%3Dnation_world%26id%3D5017688&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://narcosphere.narconews.com/story/2007/1/31/17296/1136">"DHS memo reveals agency personnel are treated like "human capital" - the narcosphere"</a>. NarcoSphere. January 31, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DHS+memo+reveals+agency+personnel+are+treated+like+%26quot%3Bhuman+capital%26quot%3B+-+the+narcosphere&rft.pub=NarcoSphere&rft.date=2007-01-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnarcosphere.narconews.com%2Fstory%2F2007%2F1%2F31%2F17296%2F1136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarr,_Stephen2007" class="citation news cs1">Barr, Stephen (November 14, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/11/13/AR2007111302007.html">"One Tired, Under-Trained, Overworked Face at the Border"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=One+Tired%2C+Under-Trained%2C+Overworked+Face+at+the+Border&rft.date=2007-11-14&rft.au=Barr%2C+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2007%2F11%2F13%2FAR2007111302007.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/department-homeland-security-annual-employee-survey">"DHS Annual Employee Surveys"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=DHS+Annual+Employee+Surveys&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fdepartment-homeland-security-annual-employee-survey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBP-COVID-19-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CBP-COVID-19_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/coronavirus">"CBP COVID-19 Updates and Announcements - U.S. Customs and Border Protection"</a>. <i>cbp.gov</i>. U.S. Customs and Border Protection. June 17, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617115626/https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/coronavirus">Archived</a> from the original on June 17, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2020</span>. <q>Overall, CBP has had 544 federal employees test positive for COVID-19. 5 have unfortunately died as a result of the virus.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cbp.gov&rft.atitle=CBP+COVID-19+Updates+and+Announcements+-+U.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection&rft.date=2020-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbp.gov%2Fnewsroom%2Fcoronavirus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TaylorWootsonPolyFeds-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TaylorWootsonPolyFeds_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Taylor, Marisa and Cleve R. Wootson Jr. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2013/08/16/199590/seeing-threats-feds-target-instructors.html#.UiIeOn9fuSp">Seeing threats, feds target instructors of polygraph-beating methods</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130828065148/http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2013/08/16/199590/seeing-threats-feds-target-instructors.html">Archived</a> August 28, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <i>McClatchy</i>. August 16, 2013. Retrieved August 31, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBP_Aircraft_and_Marine_Vessels-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CBP_Aircraft_and_Marine_Vessels_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbp.gov/border-security/air-sea/aircraft-and-marine-vessels">"CBP Aircraft and Marine Vessels"</a>. <i>Cbp.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cbp.gov&rft.atitle=CBP+Aircraft+and+Marine+Vessels&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbp.gov%2Fborder-security%2Fair-sea%2Faircraft-and-marine-vessels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/why-lots-glock-guns-are-coming-us-customs-and-border-protection-59067">"Why Lots of Glock Guns are Coming to U.S. Customs and Border Protection"</a>. National Interest. May 23, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Lots+of+Glock+Guns+are+Coming+to+U.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection&rft.pub=National+Interest&rft.date=2019-05-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalinterest.org%2Fblog%2Fbuzz%2Fwhy-lots-glock-guns-are-coming-us-customs-and-border-protection-59067&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/national-media-release/cbp-awards-contract-duty-handguns">"CBP Awards Contract for Duty Handguns"</a> (Press release). Washington: U.S. Customs and Border Protection. April 9, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CBP+Awards+Contract+for+Duty+Handguns&rft.place=Washington&rft.pub=U.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection&rft.date=2019-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbp.gov%2Fnewsroom%2Fnational-media-release%2Fcbp-awards-contract-duty-handguns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD'Costa2019" class="citation web cs1">D'Costa, Ian (April 12, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.militarytimes.com/off-duty/gearscout/irons/2019/04/12/shhhglock-just-released-a-new-glock-without-really-saying-anything-g47/">"Shhh...Glock just released a new Glock without really saying anything (G47)"</a>. <i>MilitaryTimes.com</i>. Sightline Media Group<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2019</span>. <q>Officially designated the Glock 47 (or G47), the gun is a functional blend of a few of Glock's other products which the company hopes will give CBP agents a distinct advantage when in the field[.]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MilitaryTimes.com&rft.atitle=Shhh...Glock+just+released+a+new+Glock+without+really+saying+anything+%28G47%29&rft.date=2019-04-12&rft.aulast=D%27Costa&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.militarytimes.com%2Foff-duty%2Fgearscout%2Firons%2F2019%2F04%2F12%2Fshhhglock-just-released-a-new-glock-without-really-saying-anything-g47%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFessler,_Pam2008" class="citation news cs1">Fessler, Pam (January 14, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=17969438">"DHS Still Dogged by Questions over Effectiveness"</a>. Morning Edition. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=DHS+Still+Dogged+by+Questions+over+Effectiveness&rft.date=2008-01-14&rft.au=Fessler%2C+Pam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D17969438&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGradijan,_Dave2008" class="citation news cs1">Gradijan, Dave (January 11, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csoonline.com/article/2122485/build-ci-sdlc/dhs-decision-making--competence-or-character-.html">"Decision-Making: Competence or Character?"</a>. <i>Csoonline.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Csoonline.com&rft.atitle=Decision-Making%3A+Competence+or+Character%3F&rft.date=2008-01-11&rft.au=Gradijan%2C+Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csoonline.com%2Farticle%2F2122485%2Fbuild-ci-sdlc%2Fdhs-decision-making--competence-or-character-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernstein,_Nina2010" class="citation news cs1">Bernstein, Nina (August 29, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/30/nyregion/30border.html">"Border Sweeps in North Reach Miles Into U.S."</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Border+Sweeps+in+North+Reach+Miles+Into+U.S.&rft.date=2010-08-29&rft.au=Bernstein%2C+Nina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F08%2F30%2Fnyregion%2F30border.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cit.uscourts.gov/SlipOpinions/Slip_op00/00-9.pdf"><i>THOM S. ZANI D/B/A WHOLESALE ART & FRAME LTD., Plaintiff, v. UNITED STATES, defendant</i>.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170108205448/http://www.cit.uscourts.gov/SlipOpinions/Slip_op00/00-9.pdf">Archived</a> January 8, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved April 10, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://washingtontimes.com/news/2005/feb/16/20050216-123422-2436r/">"Merger of ICE, CBP considered"</a>. <i>The Washington Times</i>. February 16, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Times&rft.atitle=Merger+of+ICE%2C+CBP+considered&rft.date=2005-02-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwashingtontimes.com%2Fnews%2F2005%2Ffeb%2F16%2F20050216-123422-2436r%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/05/23/613907893/aclu-report-detained-immigrant-children-subjected-to-widespread-abuse-by-officia">"ACLU Report: Detained Immigrant Children Subjected To Widespread Abuse By Officials"</a>. <i>NPR.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 24,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR.org&rft.atitle=ACLU+Report%3A+Detained+Immigrant+Children+Subjected+To+Widespread+Abuse+By+Officials&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fthetwo-way%2F2018%2F05%2F23%2F613907893%2Faclu-report-detained-immigrant-children-subjected-to-widespread-abuse-by-officia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aclu.org/know-your-rights-100-mile-border-zone"><i>Know Your Rights: In the 100-mile Border Zone</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a> (ACLU), June 21, 2018</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Know+Your+Rights%3A+In+the+100-mile+Border+Zone&rft.pub=American+Civil+Liberties+Union+%28ACLU%29&rft.date=2018-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aclu.org%2Fknow-your-rights-100-mile-border-zone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilverstein2019" class="citation web cs1">Silverstein, Jason (July 1, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/customs-and-border-protection-investigating-secret-facebook-page-where-agents-allegedly-mock-migrant-deaths/">"Customs and Border Protection investigating secret Facebook page where agents allegedly mocked migrant deaths"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Customs+and+Border+Protection+investigating+secret+Facebook+page+where+agents+allegedly+mocked+migrant+deaths&rft.date=2019-07-01&rft.aulast=Silverstein&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fcustoms-and-border-protection-investigating-secret-facebook-page-where-agents-allegedly-mock-migrant-deaths%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDevereaux2019" class="citation web cs1">Devereaux, Ryan (July 12, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theintercept.com/2019/07/12/border-patrol-chief-carla-provost-was-a-member-of-secret-facebook-group/">"Border Patrol Chief Carla Provost was a member of secret Facebook group"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Border+Patrol+Chief+Carla+Provost+was+a+member+of+secret+Facebook+group&rft.date=2019-07-12&rft.aulast=Devereaux&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheintercept.com%2F2019%2F07%2F12%2Fborder-patrol-chief-carla-provost-was-a-member-of-secret-facebook-group%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlippenstein2020" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Klippenstein" title="Ken Klippenstein">Klippenstein, Ken</a> (July 17, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenation.com/article/society/border-patrol-portland-arrest/">"The Border Patrol was Responsible for an Arrest in Portland"</a>. <i>The Nation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=The+Border+Patrol+was+Responsible+for+an+Arrest+in+Portland&rft.date=2020-07-17&rft.aulast=Klippenstein&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenation.com%2Farticle%2Fsociety%2Fborder-patrol-portland-arrest%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlmosBakerKanno-Youngs2020" class="citation web cs1">Olmos, Sergio; Baker, Mike; Kanno-Youngs, Zolan (July 18, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/18/us/portland-protests.html/">"Federal Officers Deployed in Portland Didn't Have Proper Training, D.H.S. Memo Said"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Federal+Officers+Deployed+in+Portland+Didn%27t+Have+Proper+Training%2C+D.H.S.+Memo+Said&rft.date=2020-07-18&rft.aulast=Olmos&rft.aufirst=Sergio&rft.au=Baker%2C+Mike&rft.au=Kanno-Youngs%2C+Zolan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F07%2F18%2Fus%2Fportland-protests.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKATU_Staff2020" class="citation web cs1">KATU Staff (July 20, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://katu.com/news/local/gov-kate-brown-responds-to-president-donald-trump-claim-federal-officers-have-done-fantastic-job-in-portland/">"Brown responds to Trump claim federal officers have done 'fantastic job' in Portland"</a>. <i>KATU</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KATU&rft.atitle=Brown+responds+to+Trump+claim+federal+officers+have+done+%27fantastic+job%27+in+Portland&rft.date=2020-07-20&rft.au=KATU+Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkatu.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fgov-kate-brown-responds-to-president-donald-trump-claim-federal-officers-have-done-fantastic-job-in-portland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillespieSiegel2020" class="citation news cs1">Gillespie, Emily; Siegel, Rachel (July 18, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/07/18/portland-oreland-ag-lawsuit//">"Oregon attorney general sues federal agencies for allegedly violating protesters' civil rights"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Oregon+attorney+general+sues+federal+agencies+for+allegedly+violating+protesters%27+civil+rights&rft.date=2020-07-18&rft.aulast=Gillespie&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft.au=Siegel%2C+Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnation%2F2020%2F07%2F18%2Fportland-oreland-ag-lawsuit%2F%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarwell2022" class="citation news cs1">Harwell, Drew (September 15, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/09/15/government-surveillance-database-dhs/">"Customs officials have copied Americans' phone data at massive scale"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Customs+officials+have+copied+Americans%27+phone+data+at+massive+scale&rft.date=2022-09-15&rft.aulast=Harwell&rft.aufirst=Drew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Ftechnology%2F2022%2F09%2F15%2Fgovernment-surveillance-database-dhs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/photo-video-audio-use-guidelines">public domain material</a> from websites or documents of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">United States Department of Homeland Security</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernandezJordanKanno-YoungsDickerson2019" class="citation news cs1">Fernandez, Manny; Jordan, Miriam; Kanno-Youngs, Zolan; Dickerson, Caitlin (September 15, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/15/us/border-patrol-culture.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'People Actively Hate Us': Inside the Border Patrol's Morale Crisis. Overwhelmed by desperate migrants and criticized for mistreating the people in their care, many agents have grown defensive, insular and bitter"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27People+Actively+Hate+Us%27%3A+Inside+the+Border+Patrol%27s+Morale+Crisis.+Overwhelmed+by+desperate+migrants+and+criticized+for+mistreating+the+people+in+their+care%2C+many+agents+have+grown+defensive%2C+insular+and+bitter&rft.date=2019-09-15&rft.aulast=Fernandez&rft.aufirst=Manny&rft.au=Jordan%2C+Miriam&rft.au=Kanno-Youngs%2C+Zolan&rft.au=Dickerson%2C+Caitlin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F09%2F15%2Fus%2Fborder-patrol-culture.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+Customs+and+Border+Protection" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:U.S. Customs and Border Protection">U.S. Customs and Border Protection</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbp.gov/">Official website</a></span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="Template:United States Department of Homeland Security"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="Template talk:United States Department of Homeland Security"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Department of Homeland Security"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">United States Department of Homeland Security</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>Headquarters: <b><a href="/wiki/St._Elizabeths_Hospital" title="St. Elizabeths Hospital">St. Elizabeths West Campus</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Mayorkas" title="Alejandro Mayorkas">Alejandro Mayorkas</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">Secretary of Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristie_Canegallo" title="Kristie Canegallo">Kristie Canegallo</a>, Acting <a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security">Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security">Deputy Secretary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a> (<a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_Coast_Guard" title="Commandant of the Coast Guard">Commandant</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">Immigration and Customs Enforcement</a> (<a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="Director of the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">Director</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services" title="United States Citizenship and Immigration Services">U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Customs and Border Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Federal Emergency Management Agency">Federal Emergency Management Agency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Domestic_Preparedness" title="Center for Domestic Preparedness">Center for Domestic Preparedness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Flood_Insurance_Program" title="National Flood Insurance Program">National Flood Insurance Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Fire_Administration" title="United States Fire Administration">United States Fire Administration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Law_Enforcement_Training_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Law Enforcement Training Center">Federal Law Enforcement Training Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">United States Secret Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DHS_Office_of_Operations_Coordination" title="DHS Office of Operations Coordination">Office of Operations Coordination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administration" title="Transportation Security Administration">Transportation Security Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency" title="Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency">Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency</a> (<a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency" title="Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency">Director</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DHS_Office_of_Health_Affairs" title="DHS Office of Health Affairs">Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DHS_Office_of_Strategy,_Policy,_and_Plans" title="DHS Office of Strategy, Policy, and Plans">Office of Strategy, Policy, and Plans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Immigration_Statistics" title="Office of Immigration Statistics">Office of Immigration Statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeland_Security_Advisory_Council" title="Homeland Security Advisory Council">Homeland Security Advisory Council</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="247" data-file-height="247" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security_for_Science_and_Technology" title="Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Science and Technology">Science and<br /> Technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/DHS_Science_and_Technology_Directorate" title="DHS Science and Technology Directorate">Science and Technology Directorate</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HSARPA" title="HSARPA">Homeland Security Advanced Research Projects Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DHS_Explosives_Division" title="DHS Explosives Division">Explosives Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DHS_Chemical_and_Biological_Defense_Division" title="DHS Chemical and Biological Defense Division">Chemical and Biological Defense Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DHS_Border_and_Maritime_Security_Division" title="DHS Border and Maritime Security Division">Border and Maritime Security Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DHS_Human_Factors_and_Behavioral_Sciences_Division" title="DHS Human Factors and Behavioral Sciences Division">Human Factors and Behavioral Sciences Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DHS_Infrastructure_Protection_and_Disaster_Management_Division" title="DHS Infrastructure Protection and Disaster Management Division">Infrastructure Protection and Disaster Management Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DHS_Cyber_Security_Division" title="DHS Cyber Security Division">Cyber Security Division</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Cybersecurity_and_Communications_Integration_Center" title="National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center">National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command,_Control_and_Interoperability_Division" title="Command, Control and Interoperability Division">Command, Control and Interoperability Division</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security_for_Intelligence_and_Analysis" title="Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Intelligence and Analysis">Intelligence and Analysis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/DHS_Office_of_Intelligence_and_Analysis" title="DHS Office of Intelligence and Analysis">Office of Intelligence and Analysis</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security_for_Management" title="Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Management">Management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DHS_Management_Directorate" title="DHS Management Directorate">Management Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Protective_Service_(United_States)" title="Federal Protective Service (United States)">Federal Protective Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Biometric_Identity_Management" title="Office of Biometric Identity Management">Office of Biometric Identity Management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_United_States" title="Law enforcement in the United States">Law enforcement in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_States" title="Terrorism in the United States">Terrorism in the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Federal_law_enforcement_agencies_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Federal_law_enforcement_agencies_of_the_United_States" title="Template:Federal law enforcement agencies of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Federal_law_enforcement_agencies_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Federal law enforcement agencies of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Federal_law_enforcement_agencies_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Federal law enforcement agencies of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Federal_law_enforcement_agencies_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Federal_law_enforcement_in_the_United_States" title="Federal law enforcement in the United States">Federal law enforcement agencies of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">Department of Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Export_Enforcement" title="Office of Export Enforcement">Office of Export Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration_Fisheries_Office_of_Law_Enforcement" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Office of Law Enforcement">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - Fisheries: Office of Law Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Commerce_Office_of_Security" title="U.S. Department of Commerce Office of Security">Office of Security</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Criminal_Investigative_Service" title="Defense Criminal Investigative Service">Defense Criminal Investigative Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Defense_police" title="Department of Defense police">Department of Defense police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Logistics_Agency#DLA_Police" title="Defense Logistics Agency">Defense Logistics Agency Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentagon_Force_Protection_Agency" title="Pentagon Force Protection Agency">Pentagon Force Protection Agency</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Pentagon_Police" title="United States Pentagon Police">Pentagon Police</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSA_police" class="mw-redirect" title="NSA police">National Security Agency Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Army" title="United States Department of the Army">Department of the Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Intelligence_and_Security_Command" title="United States Army Intelligence and Security Command">Intelligence and Security Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Criminal_Investigation_Division" title="United States Army Criminal Investigation Division">Criminal Investigation Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Police_Corps_(United_States)" title="Military Police Corps (United States)">Military Police Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Army_Civilian_Police" title="Department of the Army Civilian Police">Army Department Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corrections_Command" title="United States Army Corrections Command">Corrections Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="United States Department of the Navy">Department of the Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Criminal_Investigative_Service" title="Naval Criminal Investigative Service">Criminal Investigative Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Criminal_Investigation_Division" title="United States Marine Corps Criminal Investigation Division">Marine Corps Criminal Investigation Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master-at-arms_(United_States_Navy)" title="Master-at-arms (United States Navy)">Master-at-Arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Navy_Police" title="Department of the Navy Police">Navy Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Civilian_Police" title="United States Marine Corps Civilian Police">Marine Corps Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academy#Police" title="United States Naval Academy">Naval Academy Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Department of the Air Force">Department of the Air Force</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Office_of_Special_Investigations" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Air Force Office of Special Investigations">Office of Special Investigations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Security_Forces" title="United States Air Force Security Forces">Security Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Air_Force_Police" title="Department of the Air Force Police">Department of the Air Force Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">Department of<br />Health and Human Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">United States Food and Drug Administration</a> (<a href="/wiki/Office_of_Criminal_Investigations" title="Office of Criminal Investigations">Office of Criminal Investigations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health_Police" title="National Institutes of Health Police">National Institutes of Health Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Department of<br />Homeland Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Law_Enforcement_Training_Centers" title="Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers">Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services" title="United States Citizenship and Immigration Services">Citizenship and Immigration Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coast_Guard_Investigative_Service" title="Coast Guard Investigative Service">Investigative Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Police" title="United States Coast Guard Police">Coast Guard Police</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Customs and Border Protection</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Border_Patrol" title="United States Border Patrol">Border Patrol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Protective_Service_(United_States)" title="Federal Protective Service (United States)">Federal Protective Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">Immigration and Customs Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">United States Secret Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service_Uniformed_Division" title="United States Secret Service Uniformed Division">Uniformed Division</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administration" title="Transportation Security Administration">Transportation Security Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Air_Marshal_Service" title="Federal Air Marshal Service">Office of Law Enforcement/Federal Air Marshal Service</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">Department of<br />the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs_Police" title="Bureau of Indian Affairs Police">Bureau of Indian Affairs Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management#Law_enforcement_and_security" title="Bureau of Land Management">Bureau of Land Management: Office of Law Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Dam_Police" title="Hoover Dam Police">Hoover Dam Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service_ranger" title="National Park Service ranger">Rangers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Park_Police" title="United States Park Police">United States Park Police</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service_Office_of_Law_Enforcement" title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service Office of Law Enforcement">Fish and Wildlife Service: Office of Law Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="National Wildlife Refuge">National Wildlife Refuge System: Division of Refuge Law Enforcement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Department of Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">Drug Enforcement Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FBI_Police" title="FBI Police">FBI Police</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Prisons" title="Federal Bureau of Prisons">Federal Bureau of Prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marshals_Service" title="United States Marshals Service">United States Marshals Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">Department of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Diplomatic_Security" title="Bureau of Diplomatic Security">Bureau of Diplomatic Security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_Security_Service" title="Diplomatic Security Service">Diplomatic Security Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Foreign_Missions" title="Office of Foreign Missions">Office of Foreign Missions</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">Department of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_Tobacco_Tax_and_Trade_Bureau" title="Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau">Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing#BEP_Police" title="Bureau of Engraving and Printing">Bureau of Engraving and Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Crimes_Enforcement_Network" title="Financial Crimes Enforcement Network">Financial Crimes Enforcement Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRS_Criminal_Investigation" title="IRS Criminal Investigation">Internal Revenue Service, Criminal Investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint_Police" title="United States Mint Police">United States Mint Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other executive <br /> department agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture"><b>Agriculture</b></a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service#Law_Enforcement_.26_Investigations" title="United States Forest Service">US Forest Service: Law Enforcement & Investigations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy"><b>Energy</b></a>: <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Secure_Transportation" title="Office of Secure Transportation">Office of Secure Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation" title="United States Department of Transportation"><b>Transportation</b></a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Merchant_Marine_Academy#Department_of_Public_Safety" title="United States Merchant Marine Academy">United States Merchant Marine Academy Department of Public Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Department of Veterans Affairs"><b>Veterans Affairs</b></a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs_Police" title="United States Department of Veterans Affairs Police">Department of Veterans Affairs Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_at_Arms_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Sergeant at Arms of the United States House of Representatives">Sergeant at Arms of the House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_at_Arms_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate">Sergeant at Arms of the Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Police" title="United States Capitol Police">United States Capitol Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office#GPO_Police" title="United States Government Publishing Office">Government Publishing Office Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Judicial branch</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Probation_and_Pretrial_Services_System" title="U.S. Probation and Pretrial Services System">U.S. Probation and Pretrial Services System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court" title="Marshal of the United States Supreme Court">Marshal of the United States Supreme Court</a> (<a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_Police" title="Supreme Court Police">Supreme Court Police</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other federal law<br />enforcement agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amtrak_Police_Department" title="Amtrak Police Department">Amtrak Police Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_structure_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency#Directorate_of_Support" title="Organizational structure of the Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency: Security Protective Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Enforcement_and_Compliance_Assurance" title="Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance">Environmental Protection Agency: Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Police" title="Federal Reserve Police">Federal Reserve Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police_Department_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia">Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Inspection_Service" title="United States Postal Inspection Service">Postal Inspection Service</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Inspection_Service#Postal_Police_Force" title="United States Postal Inspection Service">U.S. Postal Police</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution_Office_of_Protection_Services" title="Smithsonian Institution Office of Protection Services">Smithsonian Institution Office of Protection Services</a> (<a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution_Office_of_Protection_Services#Positions" title="Smithsonian Institution Office of Protection Services">National Zoological Park Police</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Customs_services_by_country" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Customs_services" title="Template:Customs services"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Customs_services" title="Template talk:Customs services"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Customs_services" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Customs services"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Customs_services_by_country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Customs" title="Customs">Customs services</a> by country</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Algeria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Algeria) (page does not exist)">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Tax_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Tax Administration (page does not exist)">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_and_Indirect_Taxes_(Benin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs and Indirect Taxes (Benin) (page does not exist)">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_Unified_Revenue_Service" title="Botswana Unified Revenue Service">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Burkina_Faso)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Burkina Faso) (page does not exist)">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burundi_Revenue_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burundi Revenue Authority (page does not exist)">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Cameroon)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Cameroon) (page does not exist)">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Cape_Verde)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Cape Verde) (page does not exist)">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_and_Indirect_Taxes_(Central_African_Republic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs and Indirect Taxes (Central African Republic) (page does not exist)">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_and_Indirect_Taxes_(Chad)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs and Indirect Taxes (Chad) (page does not exist)">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Comoros)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Comoros) (page does not exist)">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_and_Excise_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs and Excise (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (page does not exist)">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_and_Indirect_Taxes_(Republic_of_the_Congo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs and Indirect Taxes (Republic of the Congo) (page does not exist)">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Ivory_Coast)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Ivory Coast) (page does not exist)">Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Customs_and_Indirect_Taxes_(Djibouti)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Customs and Indirect Taxes (Djibouti) (page does not exist)">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egyptian_Customs_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egyptian Customs Authority (page does not exist)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Equatorial_Guinea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Equatorial Guinea) (page does not exist)">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Customs_and_Excise_Division_(Eritrea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customs and Excise Division (Eritrea) (page does not exist)">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Revenues_(Ethiopia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Revenues (Ethiopia) (page does not exist)">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_and_Indirect_Taxes_(Gabon)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs and Indirect Taxes (Gabon) (page does not exist)">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambia_Revenue_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gambia Revenue Authority (page does not exist)">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Revenue_Authority" title="Ghana Revenue Authority">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Guinea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Guinea) (page does not exist)">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Guinea-Bissau)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Guinea-Bissau) (page does not exist)">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Revenue_Authority" title="Kenya Revenue Authority">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesotho_Revenue_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lesotho Revenue Authority (page does not exist)">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberia_Revenue_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberia Revenue Authority (page does not exist)">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libya_Customs_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libya Customs Authority (page does not exist)">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Madagascar)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Madagascar) (page does not exist)"> Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi_Revenue_Authority" title="Malawi Revenue Authority">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Mali)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Mali) (page does not exist)">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Mauritania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Mauritania) (page does not exist)">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius_Revenue_Authority" title="Mauritius Revenue Authority">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administration_of_Customs_and_Indirect_Taxes_(Morocco)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administration of Customs and Indirect Taxes (Morocco) (page does not exist)">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique_Revenue_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mozambique Revenue Authority (page does not exist)">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Customs_and_Excise_(Namibia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Customs and Excise (Namibia) (page does not exist)">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Niger)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Niger) (page does not exist)">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Customs_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigerian Customs Service">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda_Revenue_Authority" title="Rwanda Revenue Authority">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (São Tomé and Príncipe) (page does not exist)">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Senegal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Senegal) (page does not exist)">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seychelles_Revenue_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seychelles Revenue Commission (page does not exist)">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Revenue_Authority_(Sierra_Leone)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Revenue Authority (Sierra Leone) (page does not exist)">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Somalia)" title="Ministry of Finance (Somalia)">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Revenue_Service" title="South African Revenue Service">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Sudan_Customs_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Sudan Customs Service (page does not exist)">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sudan_Customs_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sudan Customs Authority (page does not exist)">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swaziland_Revenue_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swaziland Revenue Authority (page does not exist)">Swaziland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Revenue_Authority" title="Tanzania Revenue Authority">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commissioner_of_Customs_and_Indirect_Tax_(Togo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commissioner of Customs and Indirect Tax (Togo) (page does not exist)">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Tunisia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Tunisia) (page does not exist)">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Revenue_Authority" title="Uganda Revenue Authority">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zambia_Revenue_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zambia Revenue Authority (page does not exist)">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_Revenue_Authority" title="Zimbabwe Revenue Authority">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Customs_and_Excise_Division_(Antigua_and_Barbuda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customs and Excise Division (Antigua and Barbuda) (page does not exist)">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administraci%C3%B3n_Federal_de_Ingresos_P%C3%BAblicos" title="Administración Federal de Ingresos Públicos">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamas_Customs_Service" title="Bahamas Customs Service">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbados_Customs_and_Excise_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barbados Customs and Excise Department (page does not exist)">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belize_Customs_%26_Excise_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belize Customs & Excise Department (page does not exist)">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Customs_of_Bolivia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Customs of Bolivia (page does not exist)">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Receita_Federal_do_Brasil" title="Receita Federal do Brasil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_Border_Services_Agency" title="Canada Border Services Agency">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_National_Customs_(Chile)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of National Customs (Chile) (page does not exist)">Chile</a></li> <li>Colombia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Directorate_of_Taxes_and_Customs" title="National Directorate of Taxes and Customs">Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_and_Customs_Police" title="Fiscal and Customs Police">Enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Costa_Rica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Costa Rica) (page does not exist)">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Customs_of_the_Republic_of_Cuba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Customs of the Republic of Cuba (page does not exist)">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominica_Customs_and_Excise_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dominica Customs and Excise Division (page does not exist)">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Dominican_Republic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Dominican Republic) (page does not exist)">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Customs_Service_of_Ecuador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Customs Service of Ecuador (page does not exist)">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(El_Salvador)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (El Salvador) (page does not exist)">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenada_Customs_and_Excise_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grenada Customs and Excise Division (page does not exist)">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superintendency_of_Tax_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superintendency of Tax Administration (page does not exist)">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana_Revenue_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guyana Revenue Authority (page does not exist)">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Administration_of_Customs_(Haiti)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Administration of Customs (Haiti) (page does not exist)">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Executive_Directorate_of_Revenue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Executive Directorate of Revenue (page does not exist)">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaica_Customs_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamaica Customs Agency (page does not exist)">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servicio_de_Administraci%C3%B3n_Tributaria" title="Servicio de Administración Tributaria">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Nicaragua)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Nicaragua) (page does not exist)">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Customs_Authority_(Panama)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Customs Authority (Panama) (page does not exist)">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Directorate_of_Customs_(Paraguay)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Directorate of Customs (Paraguay) (page does not exist)">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superintendencia_Nacional_de_Administraci%C3%B3n_Tributaria" title="Superintendencia Nacional de Administración Tributaria">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Kitts_and_Nevis_Customs_and_Excise_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Kitts and Nevis Customs and Excise Department (page does not exist)">St. Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Lucia_Customs_%26_Excise_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Lucia Customs & Excise Department (page does not exist)">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname_Customs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suriname Customs (page does not exist)">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_Customs_%26_Excise_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Vincent and the Grenadines Customs & Excise Department (page does not exist)">St. Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Customs_and_Excise_Division_(Trinidad_and_Tobago)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customs and Excise Division (Trinidad and Tobago) (page does not exist)">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Directorate_of_Customs_(Uruguay)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Directorate of Customs (Uruguay) (page does not exist)">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superintendent_of_the_National_Integrated_Tax_and_Customs_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superintendent of the National Integrated Tax and Customs Administration (page does not exist)">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan_Customs_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghanistan Customs Department">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Customs_Affairs_(Bahrain)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customs Affairs (Bahrain) (page does not exist)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Customs" title="Bangladesh Customs">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Revenue_and_Customs_(Bhutan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Revenue and Customs (Bhutan) (page does not exist)">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Customs_and_Excise_Department_(Brunei)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Customs and Excise Department (Brunei) (page does not exist)">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Department_of_Customs_and_Excise_(Cambodia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Department of Customs and Excise (Cambodia) (page does not exist)">Cambodia</a></li> <li>China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Administration_of_Customs" title="General Administration of Customs">Mainland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Customs_and_Excise_Department" title="Hong Kong Customs and Excise Department">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_for_Security_(Macau)#Subordinate_entities" title="Secretary for Security (Macau)">Macau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Board_of_Excise_and_Customs" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Board of Excise and Customs">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_General_of_Customs_and_Excise_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate General of Customs and Excise (Indonesia)">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Customs_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Customs Administration (page does not exist)">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Commission_of_Customs_(Iraq)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Commission of Customs (Iraq) (page does not exist)">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Tax_Authority" title="Israel Tax Authority">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Customs_and_Tariff_Bureau_(Japan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customs and Tariff Bureau (Japan) (page does not exist)">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan_Customs_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jordan Customs Administration (page does not exist)">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Committee_of_State_Revenue_(Kazakhstan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Committee of State Revenue (Kazakhstan) (page does not exist)">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Customs_Guidance_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Customs Guidance Agency (page does not exist)">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Customs_Service" title="Korea Customs Service">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Administration_of_Customs_(Kuwait)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Administration of Customs (Kuwait) (page does not exist)">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Customs_Service_(Kyrgyzstan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Customs Service (Kyrgyzstan) (page does not exist)">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Customs_Department" title="Lao Customs Department">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Customs_Administration" title="Lebanese Customs Administration">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Malaysian_Customs_Department" title="Royal Malaysian Customs Department">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldives_Customs_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maldives Customs Service (page does not exist)">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Customs_General_Administration_of_Mongolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customs General Administration of Mongolia (page does not exist)">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Myanmar_Customs_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myanmar Customs Department (page does not exist)">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Customs_(Nepal)" title="Department of Customs (Nepal)">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Oman_Police#Customs" title="Royal Oman Police">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Customs" title="Pakistan Customs">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_and_Excise_(Palestine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs and Excise (Palestine) (page does not exist)">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Customs" title="Bureau of Customs">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Authority_of_Customs_(Qatar)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Authority of Customs (Qatar) (page does not exist)">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saudi_Arabia_Customs_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saudi Arabia Customs Authority (page does not exist)">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Customs" title="Singapore Customs">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Customs" title="Sri Lanka Customs">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Syria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Syria) (page does not exist)">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customs_Administration,_Ministry_of_Finance" title="Customs Administration, Ministry of Finance">Republic of China (Taiwan)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Customs_Service_(Tajikistan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customs Service (Tajikistan) (page does not exist)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customs_Department_(Thailand)" title="Customs Department (Thailand)">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Timor-Leste)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Timor-Leste) (page does not exist)">Timor-Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Customs_Service_of_Turkmenistan" title="State Customs Service of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Customs_Authority" title="Federal Customs Authority">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Customs_Committee_of_the_Republic_of_Uzbekistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Customs Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan (page does not exist)">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Department_of_Vietnam_Customs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Department of Vietnam Customs (page does not exist)">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yemen_Customs_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yemen Customs Authority (page does not exist)">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Directorate_of_Customs_(Albania)" title="General Directorate of Customs (Albania)">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andorran_Customs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andorran Customs (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Customs_Service" title="Armenian Customs Service">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Customs_Administration_(Austria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customs Administration (Austria) (page does not exist)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Customs_Committee_(Azerbaijan)" title="State Customs Committee (Azerbaijan)">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Customs_Committee_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Customs Committee of the Republic of Belarus (page does not exist)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administration_of_Customs_and_Excise_(Belgium)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administration of Customs and Excise (Belgium) (page does not exist)">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indirect_Taxation_Authority_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Indirect Taxation Authority of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Customs_Agency_(Bulgaria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Customs Agency (Bulgaria) (page does not exist)">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Customs_Administration" title="Croatian Customs Administration">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Customs_and_Excise_(Cyprus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Customs and Excise (Cyprus) (page does not exist)">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Customs_Administration_of_the_Czech_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customs Administration of the Czech Republic (page does not exist)">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danish_Customs_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danish Customs Agency (page does not exist)">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_and_Customs_Board" title="Tax and Customs Board">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Customs" title="Finnish Customs">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_of_Customs_and_Indirect_Taxes" title="Directorate-General of Customs and Indirect Taxes">France</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_Revenue_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia Revenue Service (page does not exist)">Georgia</a></li> <li>Germany <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zollfahndungsamt" title="Zollfahndungsamt">ZFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zollkriminalamt" class="mw-redirect" title="Zollkriminalamt">ZKA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundeszollverwaltung" title="Bundeszollverwaltung">ZOLL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zentrale_Unterst%C3%BCtzungsgruppe_Zoll" title="Zentrale Unterstützungsgruppe Zoll">ZUZ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_and_Excise_(Greece)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs and Excise (Greece) (page does not exist)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Tax_and_Customs_Administration_(Hungary)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Tax and Customs Administration (Hungary) (page does not exist)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Customs" title="Directorate of Customs">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_Commissioners" title="Revenue Commissioners">Ireland</a></li> <li>Italy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economy_and_Finance_(Italy)#Fiscal_agencies" title="Ministry of Economy and Finance (Italy)">Agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardia_di_Finanza" title="Guardia di Finanza">Enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Customs_Board_(Latvia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Customs Board (Latvia) (page does not exist)">Latvia</a></li> <li>Liechtenstein</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customs_Department_(Lithuania)" title="Customs Department (Lithuania)">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administration_of_Customs_and_Excise_(Luxembourg)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administration of Customs and Excise (Luxembourg) (page does not exist)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Customs_Department_(Malta)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customs Department (Malta) (page does not exist)">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customs_Service_of_the_Republic_of_Moldova" title="Customs Service of the Republic of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Customs_Administration_(Montenegro)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customs Administration (Montenegro) (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_and_Customs_Administration" title="Tax and Customs Administration">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Customs_Administration_of_the_Republic_of_North_Macedonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customs Administration of the Republic of North Macedonia (page does not exist)">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Customs_Service" title="Norwegian Customs Service">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_and_Customs_Service_(Poland)" title="Tax and Customs Service (Poland)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tax_and_Customs_Authority_(Portugal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tax and Customs Authority (Portugal) (page does not exist)">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Guard_(Romania)" title="Financial Guard (Romania)">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Customs_Service_of_Russia" title="Federal Customs Service of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ufficio_Tributario&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ufficio Tributario (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Customs_Administration_of_Serbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customs Administration of Serbia (page does not exist)">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_Administration_of_the_Slovak_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Financial Administration of the Slovak Republic (page does not exist)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_Administration_of_the_Republic_of_Slovenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Financial Administration of the Republic of Slovenia (page does not exist)">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Tax_Agency" title="Spanish Tax Agency">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Customs_Service" title="Swedish Customs Service">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Customs_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Customs Administration">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Trade_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Trade (Turkey)">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Customs_Service_of_Ukraine" title="State Customs Service of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HM_Revenue_%26_Customs" class="mw-redirect" title="HM Revenue & Customs">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Base_Areas_Customs_and_Immigration" title="Sovereign Base Areas Customs and Immigration">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Customs_(Gibraltar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Her Majesty's Customs (Gibraltar)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey_Border_Agency" title="Guernsey Border Agency">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_of_Jersey_Customs_and_Immigration_Service" title="States of Jersey Customs and Immigration Service">Jersey</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vatican City</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Border_Force" title="Australian Border Force">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Customs_and_Tax_Administration_(Micronesia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customs and Tax Administration (Micronesia) (page does not exist)">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fiji_Revenue_and_Customs_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fiji Revenue and Customs Service (page does not exist)">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati_Customs_Administration_and_Enforcement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiribati Customs Administration and Enforcement (page does not exist)">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Division_of_Customs,_Treasury,_Revenue,_and_Taxation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Division of Customs, Treasury, Revenue, and Taxation (page does not exist)">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauru_Customs_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nauru Customs Service (page does not exist)">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Customs_Service" title="New Zealand Customs Service">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bureau_of_Customs_and_Border_Protection_(Palau)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bureau of Customs and Border Protection (Palau) (page does not exist)">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papua_New_Guinea_Customs_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papua New Guinea Customs Service (page does not exist)">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Customs_and_Revenue_(Samoa)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Customs and Revenue (Samoa) (page does not exist)">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon_Islands_Customs_and_Excise_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solomon Islands Customs and Excise Division (page does not exist)">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Revenue_and_Customs_(Tonga)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Revenue and Customs (Tonga) (page does not exist)">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuvalu_Customs_Revenue_and_Border_Protection_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuvalu Customs Revenue and Border Protection Department (page does not exist)">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Customs_and_Inland_Revenue_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customs and Inland Revenue Department (page does not exist)">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Customs_Organization" title="World Customs Organization">World Customs Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_for_Taxation_and_Customs_Union_(European_Commission)" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate-General for Taxation and Customs Union (European Commission)">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-recognized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Customs_Committee_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Customs Committee of the Republic of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Customs_Committee_of_Artsakh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Customs Committee of Artsakh (page does not exist)">Artsakh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosovo_Customs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosovo Customs (page does not exist)">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Customs_and_Excise_(Northern_Cyprus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Customs and Excise (Northern Cyprus) (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Somaliland)" title="Ministry of Finance (Somaliland)">Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Customs_Committee_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Customs Committee of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Customs_Committee_of_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Customs Committee of Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Customs_Service" title="Australian Customs Service">Australia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(till 2009)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Customs_Administration_(Czechoslovakia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Customs Administration (Czechoslovakia) (page does not exist)">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Maritime_Customs_Service" title="Chinese Maritime Customs Service">Imperial China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferme_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale" title="Ferme générale">Imperial France</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_Customs_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet Customs Service (page does not exist)">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zollgrenzdienst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zollgrenzdienst (page does not exist)">West Germany</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HM_Customs" title="HM Customs">HM Customs</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(till 1909)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HM_Customs_and_Excise" title="HM Customs and Excise">HM Customs and Excise</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(till 2005)</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Customs_Service" title="United States Customs Service">United States</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(till 2003)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Federal_Customs_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yugoslav Federal Customs Administration (page does not exist)">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Border_protection_agencies" title="Template:Border protection agencies">Border guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Coast_guards" title="Template:Coast guards">Coast guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Customs_services" title="Template:Customs services">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Police" title="Template:Police">Law enforcement agency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Types_of_law_enforcement_agencies" title="Template:Types of law enforcement agencies">Types</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_intelligence_agencies" title="Template:National intelligence agencies">Intelligence agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Immigration_to_the_United_States_and_related_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Template:Immigration to the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Immigration to the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration to the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Immigration_to_the_United_States_and_related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">Immigration to the United States</a> and related topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Relevant colonial era,<br />United States and<br />international laws</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Colonial era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationality_law_in_the_American_Colonies" title="Nationality law in the American Colonies">Nationality law in the American Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_Act_1740" title="Plantation Act 1740">Plantation Act 1740</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1790" title="Naturalization Act of 1790">Naturalization Act 1790</a> / <a href="/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1795" title="Naturalization Act of 1795">1795</a> / <a href="/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1798" title="Naturalization Act of 1798">1798</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naturalization_Law_of_1802" title="Naturalization Law of 1802">Naturalization Law 1802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Act_to_Encourage_Immigration" title="An Act to Encourage Immigration">Act to Encourage Immigration (1864)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1866" title="Civil Rights Act of 1866">Civil Rights Act of 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">14th Amendment (1868)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1870" title="Naturalization Act of 1870">Naturalization Act 1870</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_Act_of_1875" title="Page Act of 1875">Page Act (1875)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1882" title="Immigration Act of 1882">Immigration Act of 1882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Exclusion_Act" title="Chinese Exclusion Act">Chinese Exclusion (1882)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Act_(1888)" title="Scott Act (1888)">Scott Act (1888)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1891" title="Immigration Act of 1891">Immigration Act of 1891</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geary_Act" title="Geary Act">Geary Act (1892)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">1900–1949</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1903" title="Immigration Act of 1903">Immigration Act 1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1906" title="Naturalization Act of 1906">Naturalization Act 1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentlemen%27s_Agreement_of_1907" title="Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907">Gentlemen's Agreement (1907)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1907" title="Immigration Act of 1907">Immigration Act 1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1917" title="Immigration Act of 1917">Immigration Act 1917 (Asian Barred Zone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1918" title="Immigration Act of 1918">Immigration Act 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_Quota_Act" title="Emergency Quota Act">Emergency Quota Act (1921)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_Act" title="Cable Act">Cable Act (1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1924" title="Immigration Act of 1924">Immigration Act 1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tydings%E2%80%93McDuffie_Act" title="Tydings–McDuffie Act">Tydings–McDuffie Act (1934)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Repatriation_Act" title="Filipino Repatriation Act">Filipino Repatriation Act (1935)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationality_Act_of_1940" title="Nationality Act of 1940">Nationality Act of 1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracero_Program" title="Bracero Program">Bracero Program (1942–1964)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnuson_Act" title="Magnuson Act">Magnuson Act (1943)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Brides_Act" title="War Brides Act">War Brides Act (1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_Fianc%C3%A9es_and_Fianc%C3%A9s_Act" title="Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act">Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act (1946)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luce%E2%80%93Celler_Act" title="Luce–Celler Act">Luce–Celler Act (1946)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">1950–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convention_relating_to_the_Status_of_Refugees" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention relating to the Status of Refugees">UN Refugee Convention (1951)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_of_1952" title="Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952">Immigration and Nationality Act 1952</a> / <a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_of_1965" title="Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965">1965</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_Section_212(f)" title="Immigration and Nationality Act Section 212(f)">Section 212(f)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_Section_287(g)" title="Immigration and Nationality Act Section 287(g)">Section 287(g)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugee_Act" title="Refugee Act">Refugee Act (1980)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Reform_and_Control_Act_of_1986" title="Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986">Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Fairness" title="Family Fairness">Family Fairness (1987)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Homecoming_Act" title="American Homecoming Act">American Homecoming Act (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1990" title="Immigration Act of 1990">Immigration Act 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Technical_Corrections_Act_of_1994" title="Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act of 1994">Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act (INTCA) 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_Immigration_Reform_and_Immigrant_Responsibility_Act_of_1996" title="Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996">Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Adjustment_and_Central_American_Relief_Act" title="Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act">Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA) (1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Competitiveness_and_Workforce_Improvement_Act" title="American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act">American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act (ACWIA) (1998)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Competitiveness_in_the_21st_Century_Act" title="American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act">American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act (AC21) (2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Immigration_Family_Equity_Act" title="Legal Immigration Family Equity Act">Legal Immigration Family Equity Act (LIFE Act) (2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-1B_Visa_Reform_Act_of_2004" title="H-1B Visa Reform Act of 2004">H-1B Visa Reform Act (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_ID_Act" title="Real ID Act">Real ID Act (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_Fence_Act_of_2006" title="Secure Fence Act of 2006">Secure Fence Act (2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deferred_Action_for_Childhood_Arrivals" title="Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals">DACA (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deferred_Action_for_Parents_of_Americans" title="Deferred Action for Parents of Americans">DAPA (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13769" title="Executive Order 13769">Executive Order 13769 (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13780" title="Executive Order 13780">Executive Order 13780 (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ending_Discriminatory_Bans_on_Entry_to_The_United_States" title="Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to The United States">Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to The United States (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeping_Families_Together_(United_States_immigration_policy)" title="Keeping Families Together (United States immigration policy)">Keeping Families Together (KFT) (2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visas and policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Visa policy of the United States">Visa policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_card" title="Green card">Permanent residence (Green card)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_Waiver_Program" title="Visa Waiver Program">Visa Waiver Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_protected_status" title="Temporary protected status">Temporary protected status (TPS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asylum_in_the_United_States" title="Asylum in the United States">Asylum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_Immigrant_Visa" title="Diversity Immigrant Visa">Green Card Lottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Minors_Program" title="Central American Minors Program">Central American Minors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_authorization_document" title="Employment authorization document">Employment authorization document (EAD card)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deferred_action" title="Deferred action">Deferred action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parole_(United_States_immigration)" title="Parole (United States immigration)">Parole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjustment_of_status" title="Adjustment of status">Adjustment of status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US-VISIT" class="mw-redirect" title="US-VISIT">US-VISIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Advisory_Opinion" title="Security Advisory Opinion">Security Advisory Opinion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-Verify" title="E-Verify">E-Verify</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Origins_Formula" title="National Origins Formula">National Origins Formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedited_removal" title="Expedited removal">Expedited removal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_detention_in_the_United_States" title="Immigration detention in the United States">Detention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_immigration_detention_in_the_United_States" title="Family immigration detention in the United States">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unaccompanied_Alien_Children" title="Unaccompanied Alien Children">Unaccompanied children</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy" title="Trump administration family separation policy">Trump administration family separation policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Government<br />organizations</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">Immigration and Customs Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Border_Patrol" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Border Patrol">U.S. Border Patrol</a> (<a href="/wiki/BORTAC" title="BORTAC">BORTAC</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">U.S. Customs and Border Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services" title="United States Citizenship and Immigration Services">U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Naturalization_Service" title="Immigration and Naturalization Service">Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_for_Immigration_Review" title="Executive Office for Immigration Review">Executive Office for Immigration Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Immigration_Appeals" title="Board of Immigration Appeals">Board of Immigration Appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Refugee_Resettlement" title="Office of Refugee Resettlement">Office of Refugee Resettlement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_immigration_and_naturalization_case_law" title="Category:United States immigration and naturalization case law">Supreme Court cases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Wong_Kim_Ark" title="United States v. Wong Kim Ark"><i>US v. Wong Kim Ark</i> (1898)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozawa_v._United_States" title="Ozawa v. United States"><i>Ozawa v. US</i> (1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Bhagat_Singh_Thind" title="United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind"><i>US v. Bhagat Singh Thind</i> (1923)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Brignoni-Ponce" title="United States v. Brignoni-Ponce"><i>US v. Brignoni-Ponce</i> (1975)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zadvydas_v._Davis" title="Zadvydas v. Davis">Zadvydas v. Davis</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Commerce_v._Whiting" title="Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting"><i>Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting</i> (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barton_v._Barr" title="Barton v. Barr"><i>Barton v. Barr</i> (2020)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security_v._Regents_of_the_University_of_California" title="Department of Homeland Security v. Regents of the University of California"><i>DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.</i></a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Wolf_v._Vidal" title="Wolf v. Vidal">Wolf v. Vidal</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niz-Chavez_v._Garland" title="Niz-Chavez v. Garland"><i>Niz-Chavez v. Garland</i> (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanchez_v._Mayorkas" title="Sanchez v. Mayorkas"><i>Sanchez v. Mayorkas</i> (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_State_v._Mu%C3%B1oz" title="Department of State v. Muñoz"><i>Department of State v. Muñoz</i> (2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related issues<br />and events</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_immigration_reform_protests" title="2006 United States immigration reform protests">2006 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_County,_Texas" title="Brooks County, Texas">Brooks County, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_migrant_caravans" title="Central American migrant caravans">Central American migrant caravans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_illegal_immigrants_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic impact of illegal immigrants in the United States">Economic impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Effects of immigration to the United States">Effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics_in_the_United_States" title="Eugenics in the United States">Eugenics in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guest_worker_program" title="Guest worker program">Guest worker program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_the_United_States" title="Human trafficking in the United States">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_smuggling" title="People smuggling">Human smuggling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coyotaje" class="mw-redirect" title="Coyotaje">Coyotaje</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_reduction_in_the_United_States" title="Immigration reduction in the United States">Immigration reduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_reform" title="Immigration reform">Immigration reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_deported_or_removed_from_the_United_States" title="List of people deported or removed from the United States">List of people deported from the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis" title="Mexico–United States border crisis">Mexico–United States border crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_wall" title="Mexico–United States border wall">Mexico–United States border wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortage#add_Labor_shortage" title="Shortage">Labor shortage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_for_America" title="March for America">March for America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigrant_population_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal immigrant population of the United States">Illegal immigrant population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_immigration_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverse immigration in the United States">Reverse immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_American_immigration_crisis" title="2014 American immigration crisis">Unaccompanied minors from Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">Illegal immigration to the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">Mexico–United States border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Canada–United States border">Canada–United States border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Border_Patrol_interior_checkpoints" title="United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints">United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DREAM_Act" title="DREAM Act">DREAM Act (2001–2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Protection,_Anti-terrorism_and_Illegal_Immigration_Control_Act_of_2005" title="Border Protection, Anti-terrorism and Illegal Immigration Control Act of 2005">H.R. 4437 (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_America_and_Orderly_Immigration_Act" title="Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act">McCain–Kennedy (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Immigration_Reform_Act_of_2006" title="Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006">Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Through_Regularized_Immigration_and_a_Vibrant_Economy_Act_of_2007" title="Security Through Regularized Immigration and a Vibrant Economy Act of 2007">STRIVE Act (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Immigration_Reform_Act_of_2007" title="Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007">Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniting_American_Families_Act" title="Uniting American Families Act">Uniting American Families Act (2000–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Security,_Economic_Opportunity,_and_Immigration_Modernization_Act_of_2013" title="Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013">Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_SAFE_Act_of_2015" title="American SAFE Act of 2015">SAFE Act (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAISE_Act" title="RAISE Act">RAISE Act (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Citizenship_Act_of_2021" class="mw-redirect" title="US Citizenship Act of 2021">US Citizenship Act of 2021</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigration stations<br />and points of entry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_Island_Immigration_Station" title="Angel Island Immigration Station">Angel Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Clinton" title="Castle Clinton">Castle Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Boston_Immigration_Station" title="East Boston Immigration Station">East Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Island" title="Ellis Island">Ellis Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otay_Mesa_Port_of_Entry" title="Otay Mesa Port of Entry">Otay Mesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Ysidro_Port_of_Entry" title="San Ysidro Port of Entry">San Ysidro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan%27s_Island,_South_Carolina" title="Sullivan's Island, South Carolina">Sullivan's Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Avenue_Immigration_Station" title="Washington Avenue Immigration Station">Washington Avenue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Wetback" title="Operation Wetback">"Wetback" (1954)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Peter_Pan" title="Operation Peter Pan">"Peter Pan" (1960–1962)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Babylift" title="Operation Babylift">"Babylift" (1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gatekeeper" title="Operation Gatekeeper">"Gatekeeper" (1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Endgame" title="Operation Endgame">"Endgame" (2003–2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Front_Line" title="Operation Front Line">"Front Line" (2004–2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Streamline" title="Operation Streamline">"Streamline" (2005–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Return_to_Sender" title="Operation Return to Sender">"Return to Sender" (2006–2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jump_Start" title="Operation Jump Start">"Jump Start" (2006–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Phalanx_(2010-2016)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Phalanx (2010-2016)">"Phalanx" (2010–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Faithful_Patriot" title="Operation Faithful Patriot">"Faithful Patriot" (2018–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_DREAM_Act" title="California DREAM Act">California DREAM Act (2006–2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070" title="Arizona SB 1070">Arizona SB 1070 (2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_HB_56" title="Alabama HB 56">Alabama HB 56 (2011)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Non-governmental<br />organizations</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Border_Recon" title="Arizona Border Recon">Arizona Border Recon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Coalition_for_Immigration_Reform" title="California Coalition for Immigration Reform">California Coalition for Immigration Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CASA_of_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="CASA of Maryland">CASA of Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Immigration_Studies" title="Center for Immigration Studies">Center for Immigration Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Migration_Studies_of_New_York" title="Center for Migration Studies of New York">Center for Migration Studies of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Humane_Immigrant_Rights_of_Los_Angeles" title="Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles">Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Comprehensive_Immigration_Reform" title="Coalition for Comprehensive Immigration Reform">Coalition for Comprehensive Immigration Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Change" title="Community Change">Community Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_for_American_Immigration_Reform" title="Federation for American Immigration Reform">Federation for American Immigration Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Improve_The_Dream" title="Improve The Dream">Improve The Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexica_Movement" title="Mexica Movement">Mexica Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexicans_Without_Borders" title="Mexicans Without Borders">Mexicans Without Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Policy_Institute" title="Migration Policy Institute">Migration Policy Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minuteman_Civil_Defense_Corps" title="Minuteman Civil Defense Corps">Minuteman Civil Defense Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minuteman_Project" title="Minuteman Project">Minuteman Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Immigration_Forum" title="National Immigration Forum">National Immigration Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Korean_American_Service_%26_Education_Consortium" title="National Korean American Service & Education Consortium">National Korean American Service & Education Consortium (NAKASEC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negative_Population_Growth" title="Negative Population Growth">Negative Population Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_More_Deaths" title="No More Deaths">No More Deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NumbersUSA" title="NumbersUSA">NumbersUSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_Our_State" title="Save Our State">Save Our State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Compact" title="Utah Compact">Utah Compact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borderland_(TV_series)" title="Borderland (TV series)">Borderland (TV series)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missing_in_Brooks_County" title="Missing in Brooks County">Missing in Brooks County</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q368804#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q368804#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q368804#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000086173818">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/124686829">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2004040772">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Spojené státy americké. Bureau of Customs and Border Protection"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2010564149&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2010564146&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987011257398405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w3id.org/isil/US-dcb">ISIL</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/55034710">NARA</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/55034709">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&oldid=1257717661">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&oldid=1257717661</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Government_agencies_established_in_2003" title="Category:Government agencies established in 2003">Government agencies established in 2003</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2003_establishments_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Category:2003 establishments in Washington, D.C.">2003 establishments in Washington, D.C.</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Border_guards" title="Category:Border guards">Border guards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Borders_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Borders of the United States">Borders of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Customs_services" title="Category:Customs services">Customs services</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security_agencies" title="Category:United States Department of Homeland Security agencies">United States Department of Homeland Security agencies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_based_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Category:Organizations based in Washington, D.C.">Organizations based in Washington, D.C.</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_text_from_public_domain_works_of_the_United_States_Government" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating text from public domain works of the United States Government">Wikipedia articles incorporating text from public domain works of the United States Government</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_move-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_August_2018" title="Category:Use American English from August 2018">Use American English from August 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_August_2018" title="Category:Use mdy dates from August 2018">Use mdy dates from August 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_May_2021" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from May 2021">Articles needing additional references from May 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_more_detailed_references" title="Category:Articles needing more detailed references">Articles needing more detailed references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_content_from_public_domain_works_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating content from public domain works of the United States Department of Homeland Security">Wikipedia articles incorporating content from public domain works of the United States Department of Homeland Security</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_video_clips" title="Category:Articles containing video clips">Articles containing video clips</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 November 2024, at 08:57<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-78f4c97c5d-kkr7f","wgBackendResponseTime":160,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.420","walltime":"1.719","ppvisitednodes":{"value":10716,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":369402,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":27285,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":13,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":241656,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1354.469 1 -total"," 29.63% 401.282 1 Template:Reflist"," 18.36% 248.670 36 Template:Cite_web"," 11.46% 155.216 15 Template:Officeholder_table"," 9.96% 134.876 1 Template:Officeholder_table_start"," 9.88% 133.869 1 Template:Infobox_law_enforcement_agency"," 9.35% 126.672 6 Template:Navbox"," 8.09% 109.641 1 Template:Infobox"," 7.66% 103.755 2 Template:Short_description"," 6.67% 90.338 1 Template:DHS_agencies"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.749","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":13104241,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-7fc47fc68d-zk76c","timestamp":"20241128184616","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"U.S. Customs and Border Protection","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q368804","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q368804","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-06-27T02:30:32Z","dateModified":"2024-11-16T08:57:06Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b3\/Patch_of_the_U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection.svg","headline":"customs service of the United States since 2003"}</script> </body> </html>