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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Previous constitutions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Previous_constitutions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Previous constitutions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Previous_constitutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1946_Constitution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1946_Constitution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>1946 Constitution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1946_Constitution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1959_Constitution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1959_Constitution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>1959 Constitution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1959_Constitution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1980_Constitution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980_Constitution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>1980 Constitution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1980_Constitution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1992_Constitution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1992_Constitution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>1992 Constitution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1992_Constitution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General_reading_and_the_1992_Constitution_and_2001_amendments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_reading_and_the_1992_Constitution_and_2001_amendments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>General 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_de_la_r%C3%A9publique_socialiste_du_Vi%C3%AAt_Nam" title="Constitution de la république socialiste du Viêt Nam – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Constitution de la république socialiste du Viêt Nam" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstitusi_Vietnam" title="Konstitusi Vietnam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Konstitusi Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%88%E3%83%8A%E3%83%A0%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="text-align:center;background: #ededed;">Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:2013_Constitution_of_the_S.R._Viet_Nam.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/2013_Constitution_of_the_S.R._Viet_Nam.pdf/page1-220px-2013_Constitution_of_the_S.R._Viet_Nam.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/2013_Constitution_of_the_S.R._Viet_Nam.pdf/page1-330px-2013_Constitution_of_the_S.R._Viet_Nam.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/2013_Constitution_of_the_S.R._Viet_Nam.pdf/page1-440px-2013_Constitution_of_the_S.R._Viet_Nam.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1239" data-file-height="1754" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Front page of the Constitution on the Official Gazette, released on December 29, 2013</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ededed;">Overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Original title</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Hiến pháp nước Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ratification" title="Ratification">Ratified</a></th><td class="infobox-data">November 28, 2013</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Effective_date" class="mw-redirect" title="Effective date">Date effective</a></th><td class="infobox-data">January 1, 2014</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">System</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state"> One-party</a> <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">unitary</a> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_state" title="Socialist state"> socialist republic</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ededed;">Government structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Government_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Government branch">Branches</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3 (executive, legislative and judiciary)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Head of state</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Vietnam" title="President of Vietnam">President of Vietnam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Legislative_chamber" title="Legislative chamber">Chambers</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Vietnam" title="National Assembly of Vietnam"> National Assembly</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">unicameral</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Executive_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive government">Executive</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Prime Minister of Vietnam"> Prime Minister</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court_of_Vietnam" title="Supreme People's Court of Vietnam"> Supreme People's Court</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">Federalism</a></th><td class="infobox-data">No</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_college" title="Electoral college">Electoral college</a></th><td class="infobox-data">No</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px 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.cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vbpl.vn/FileData/TW/Lists/vbpq/Attachments/32801/VanBanGoc_Hien%20phap%202013.pdf"><i><span style="font-size:85%;">The Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam</span></i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, December 29, 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B%22%3EThe+Constitution+of+the+Socialist+Republic+of+Vietnam%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.date=2013-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvbpl.vn%2FFileData%2FTW%2FLists%2Fvbpq%2FAttachments%2F32801%2FVanBanGoc_Hien%2520phap%25202013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Supersedes</th><td class="infobox-data">1992 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ededed;">Full text</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/16px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/32px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Vietnam_(2013)" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Constitution of Vietnam (2013)">Constitution of Vietnam (2013)</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="width:20.0em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vietnam" title="Politics of Vietnam">Politics of Vietnam</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Combined_flags_of_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam_and_Vietnam.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Combined_flags_of_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam_and_Vietnam.svg/180px-Combined_flags_of_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam_and_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Combined_flags_of_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam_and_Vietnam.svg/270px-Combined_flags_of_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam_and_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Combined_flags_of_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam_and_Vietnam.svg/360px-Combined_flags_of_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam_and_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="898" data-file-height="298" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Ideology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li>Concepts <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Collective_leadership" title="Collective leadership">Collective leadership</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Thought" title="Ho Chi Minh Thought">Ho Chi Minh Thought</a></dd></dl></li> <li>Organizations <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Central_Propaganda_Department_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Propaganda Department</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Central_Theoretical_Council_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Theoretical Council of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Theoretical Council</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%A2n_D%C3%A2n" title="Nhân Dân">Nhân Dân</a></i></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitutional_history_of_Vietnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constitutional history of Vietnam (page does not exist)">History</a> <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1946_Constitution_of_Vietnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1946 Constitution of Vietnam (page does not exist)">1946</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959_Constitution_of_Vietnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1959 Constitution of Vietnam (page does not exist)">1959</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980_Constitution_of_Vietnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1980 Constitution of Vietnam (page does not exist)">1980</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1992_Constitution_of_Vietnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1992 Constitution of Vietnam (page does not exist)">1992</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2013_Constitution_of_Vietnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2013 Constitution of Vietnam (page does not exist)">2013</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Communist Party of Vietnam">Communist Party</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam">National Party Congress</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/13th_National_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="13th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam">13th</a>)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Committee</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/13th_Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="13th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam">13th</a>)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam">General Secretary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ph%C3%BA_Tr%E1%BB%8Dng" title="Nguyễn Phú Trọng">Nguyễn Phú Trọng</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Politburo</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/13th_Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="13th Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam">13th</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Secretariat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/13th_Secretariat_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="13th Secretariat of the Communist Party of Vietnam">13th</a>)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Member_of_the_Secretariat_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent Member of the Secretariat of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Permanent Member</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng" title="Lương Cường">Lương Cường</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Military Commission</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9325_term_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="2020–25 term of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">2020–25</a>)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Secretary of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Secretary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ph%C3%BA_Tr%E1%BB%8Dng" title="Nguyễn Phú Trọng">Nguyễn Phú Trọng</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deputy_Secretary_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deputy Secretary of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam (page does not exist)">Deputy Secretary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phan_V%C4%83n_Giang" title="Phan Văn Giang">Phan Văn Giang</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Inspection_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Inspection Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Inspection Commission</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/13th_Central_Inspection_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="13th Central Inspection Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">13th</a>)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Central_Inspection_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Chairman of the Central Inspection Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Chairman</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tr%E1%BA%A7n_C%E1%BA%A9m_T%C3%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trần Cẩm Tú (page does not exist)">Trần Cẩm Tú</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Legislative</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly (Vietnam)">National Assembly</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_National_Assembly_of_Vietnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th National Assembly of Vietnam (page does not exist)">14th</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_Assembly" title="Standing Committee of the National Assembly">Standing Committee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Vietnam" title="Chairman of the National Assembly of Vietnam">Chairman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_Thanh_M%E1%BA%ABn" title="Trần Thanh Mẫn">Trần Thanh Mẫn</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Provincial People's Councils</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Vietnam" title="List of presidents of Vietnam">Presidency</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Vietnam" title="President of Vietnam">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Vietnam" title="List of presidents of Vietnam">list</a>) <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4_L%C3%A2m" title="Tô Lâm">Tô Lâm</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Vietnam" title="Vice President of Vietnam">Vice President</a> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5_Th%E1%BB%8B_%C3%81nh_Xu%C3%A2n" title="Võ Thị Ánh Xuân">Võ Thị Ánh Xuân</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Executive</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Prime Minister of Vietnam">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Vietnam" title="List of prime ministers of Vietnam">list</a>): <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_Minh_Ch%C3%ADnh" title="Phạm Minh Chính">Phạm Minh Chính</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Vietnam">Deputy Prime Ministers</a>: <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_L%C6%B0u_Quang" title="Trần Lưu Quang">Trần Lưu Quang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_H%E1%BB%93ng_H%C3%A0" title="Trần Hồng Hà">Trần Hồng Hà</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_Minh_Kh%C3%A1i" title="Lê Minh Khái">Lê Minh Khái</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Vietnam" title="Government of Vietnam">Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_Vietnam" title="State Bank of Vietnam">Governor of the State Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Ethnic_Minority_Affairs" title="Committee for Ethnic Minority Affairs">Committee for Ethnic Minority Affairs</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Fatherland_Front" title="Vietnamese Fatherland Front">Fatherland Front</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li>Central Committee <dl><dd><span class="nowrap">Chairman: <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%97_V%C4%83n_Chi%E1%BA%BFn" title="Đỗ Văn Chiến">Đỗ Văn Chiến</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap">Gen. Secretary: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Th%E1%BB%8B_Thu_H%C3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyễn Thị Thu Hà (page does not exist)">Nguyễn Thị Thu Hà</a></span></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Communist_Youth_Union" title="Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union">Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union</a> <dl><dd>Central Committee</dd> <dd>First Secretary <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B9i_Quang_Huy" title="Bùi Quang Huy">Bùi Quang Huy</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_General_Confederation_of_Labour" title="Vietnam General Confederation of Labour">Vietnam General Confederation of Labour</a></li> <li>Viet Nam Farmer's Union</li> <li>Vietnam Women’s Union</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Military</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Military Commission</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Secretary of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Secretary</a>: <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4_L%C3%A2m" title="Tô Lâm">Tô Lâm</a></dd> <dd>Deputy Secretary: <a href="/wiki/Phan_V%C4%83n_Giang" title="Phan Văn Giang">Phan Văn Giang</a></dd></dl></li> <li>Commander-in-Chief <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/President_of_Vietnam" title="President of Vietnam">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng" title="Lương Cường">Lương Cường</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam" title="People's Army of Vietnam">Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Ground_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnam People's Ground Force">Ground Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Navy" title="Vietnam People's Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Air_Force" title="Vietnam People's Air Force">Air Defense-Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Coast_Guard" title="Vietnam Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Border_Guard" title="Vietnam Border Guard">Border Guard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Public_Security" title="Vietnam People's Public Security">Public Security</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vietnam_People%27s_Security&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vietnam People's Security (page does not exist)">Security forces</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vietnam_People%27s_Police&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vietnam People's Police (page does not exist)">Police forces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vietnam_Civil_Defence_Force&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vietnam Civil Defence Force (page does not exist)">Civil Defence Force</a></li></ul></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_and_Security_Council" title="National Defense and Security Council">National Defense and Security Council</a></div> <dl><dd>Chairman: <a href="/wiki/President_of_Vietnam" title="President of Vietnam">President</a> <a href="/wiki/L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng" title="Lương Cường">Lương Cường</a></dd> <dd>Vice-chairman: <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Prime Minister of Vietnam">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_Minh_Ch%C3%ADnh" title="Phạm Minh Chính">Phạm Minh Chính</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_Vietnam" title="Judicial system of Vietnam">Judiciary</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Vietnam" title="Law of Vietnam">Law</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly (Vietnam)">National Assembly</a> <ul><li>Justice Committee</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Vietnam" title="President of Vietnam">President</a> <ul><li>Steering Committee of the Central Judicial Reform <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ph%C3%BA_Tr%E1%BB%8Dng" title="Nguyễn Phú Trọng">Nguyễn Phú Trọng</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court_of_Vietnam" title="Supreme People's Court of Vietnam">Supreme People's Court</a> <dl><dd><span class="nowrap">Chief Justice: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%E1%BB%85n_H%C3%B2a_B%C3%ACnh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyễn Hòa Bình (page does not exist)">Nguyễn Hòa Bình</a></span></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Procuracy_of_Vietnam" title="Supreme People's Procuracy of Vietnam">Supreme People's Procuracy</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Procuracy_of_Vietnam" title="Supreme People's Procuracy of Vietnam">Procurator-General</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%AA_Minh_Tr%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lê Minh Trí (page does not exist)">Lê Minh Trí</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Vietnam" title="Foreign relations of Vietnam">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Vietnam)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Vietnam)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Vietnam)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Vietnam)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B9i_Thanh_S%C6%A1n" title="Bùi Thanh Sơn">Bùi Thanh Sơn</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Vietnam" title="List of diplomatic missions of Vietnam">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Vietnam" title="List of diplomatic missions in Vietnam">in Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_diplomacy" title="Bamboo diplomacy">Bamboo diplomacy</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_passport" title="Vietnamese passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Vietnamese_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Vietnamese citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Vietnam" title="Visa policy of Vietnam">Visa policy</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Vietnam" title="Foreign aid to Vietnam">Foreign aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_and_the_World_Bank" title="Vietnam and the World Bank">Vietnam and the World Bank</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;;text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Vietnam" title="Elections in Vietnam">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Vietnam" title="Subdivisions of Vietnam">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Vietnam" title="Human rights in Vietnam">Human rights</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <p><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/48px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/64px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vietnam" title="Portal:Vietnam">Vietnam portal</a> </p> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Vietnam" title="Template:Politics of Vietnam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Vietnam" title="Template talk:Politics of Vietnam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Vietnam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Vietnam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Vietnamese Constitution</b> or the <b>Constitution of Vietnam</b> (<a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: <i lang="vi">Hiến pháp Việt Nam</i>), fully the <b>Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam</b> (<a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: <i lang="vi">Hiến pháp nước Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam</i>), is the <a href="/wiki/Basic_law" title="Basic law">fundamental</a> and <a href="/wiki/Supreme_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme law">supreme law</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Socialist Republic of Vietnam</a>. The current constitution was adopted on November 28, 2013, by the Thirteenth <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Vietnam" title="National Assembly of Vietnam">National Assembly</a> and took effect on January 1, 2014, being the third <a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">constitution</a> adopted by the Vietnamese state since the political reunification of the country in 1976. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_constitution">Current constitution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Current constitution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The current constitution, known as the 2013 Constitution, contains a preamble and 11 chapters: </p> <ul><li>Chapter I: Political System</li> <li>Chapter II: Human Rights, Basic Civil Rights and Civic Duties</li> <li>Chapter III: The Economy, Society, Culture, Education, Science, Technology, and the Environment</li> <li>Chapter IV: Defence of the Homeland</li> <li>Chapter V: The National Assembly</li> <li>Chapter VI: President of the Republic</li> <li>Chapter VII: The Government</li> <li>Chapter VIII: The People's Court and the People's Procuracy</li> <li>Chapter IX: Local Government</li> <li>Chapter X: The National Electoral Council and the State Audit Office</li> <li>Chapter XI: The Effect of the Constitution and Amending the Constitution</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Previous_constitutions">Previous constitutions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Previous constitutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Republic of Vietnam">Democratic Republic of Vietnam</a> (DRV) had two constitutions: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:1946_Constitution_of_the_D.R_Viet-Nam.pdf" title="File:1946 Constitution of the D.R Viet-Nam.pdf">1946 Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam</a>, adopted on November 9, 1946.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:1959_Constitution_of_the_D.R._Viet_Nam.pdf" title="File:1959 Constitution of the D.R. Viet Nam.pdf">1959 Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam</a>, adopted on December 31, 1959.</li></ul> <p>The former <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Vietnam">Republic of Vietnam</a> also had two constitutions, adopted in 1956 and 1967. Neither of these constitutional documents is in force, as the 1967 Constitution was abrogated when the government of the Republic of Vietnam collapsed in 1975. </p><p>Upon political reunification of the country in 1976, the 1960 Constitution of the Democratic Republic became the constitution of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist Republic of Vietnam">Socialist Republic of Vietnam</a>. Since then, the Vietnamese government adopted two constitutions before the 2013 Constitution: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:1980_Constitution_of_the_S.R._Viet_Nam.pdf" title="File:1980 Constitution of the S.R. Viet Nam.pdf">1980 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam</a>, adopted on December 19, 1980.</li> <li>1992 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, adopted on April 25, 1992, and <a href="/wiki/File:1992_Constitution_of_the_S.R._Viet_Nam_(2001_Amendment).pdf" title="File:1992 Constitution of the S.R. Viet Nam (2001 Amendment).pdf">amended in 2001</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1946_Constitution">1946 Constitution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1946 Constitution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1946 constitution adopted a <a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-presidential system">semi-presidential system</a> similar to the French constitution; it allowed for multiple parties to participate in elections. </p><p>According to the 1946 constitution, the president of the republic, was the head of government, rather than a ceremonial head of state. The president also had significantly more power than the current office of president. The later 1959 constitution turned the president into a ceremonial head, while giving de facto power to the party leader. </p><p>Despite the changes in later constitution, the current Vietnamese government still heavily praises it, calling it "one of the world's most democratic constitution[s] at the time."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1959_Constitution">1959 Constitution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1959 Constitution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While the 1946 constitution was a superficially liberal democratic document, its 1959 successor was a fully communist document. Its preamble defined the DRV as a "people's democratic state led by the working class", thus codifying the actual state of affairs that had prevailed since 1945. The document provided for a nominal separation of powers among legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government. On paper, the legislative function was carried out by the National Assembly. The assembly was empowered to make laws and to elect the chief officials of the state, such as the president (who was largely a symbolic head of state), the vice president, and cabinet ministers. Together those elected (including the president and vice president) formed a Council of Ministers, which constitutionally (but not in practice) was subject to supervision by the Standing Committee of the National Assembly. Headed by a prime minister, the council was the highest executive organ of state authority. Besides overseeing the Council of Ministers, the assembly's Standing Committee nominally supervised the Supreme People's Court, the chief organ of the judiciary. The assembly's executive side nominally decided on national economic plans, approved state budgets, and acted on questions of war or peace. In reality, however, the final authority on all matters rested with the Political Bureau.<sup id="cite_ref-cs_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980_Constitution">1980 Constitution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1980 Constitution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1959 document had been adopted during the tenure of <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ho Chi Minh">Ho Chi Minh</a> and demonstrated a certain independence from the Soviet model of state organization. The 1980 Constitution was drafted when Vietnam faced a serious threat from China, and political and economic dependence on the Soviet Union had increased. Perhaps, as a result, the completed document resembles the 1977 Soviet Constitution,<sup id="cite_ref-cs_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is evident in the principle of dictatorship of the proletariat, the exclusive leadership of the Communist Party, the centrally planned economy, the citizen's duties and statist rights, and the Leninist constitutional structure consisting of the supreme National Assembly, the collective presidency called the Council of State, the subordinate government called Council of Ministers, the procuracies, and the courts.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The reunification of North and South Vietnam (the former Republic of Vietnam) in 1976 provided the primary motivation for revising the 1959 constitution. Revisions were made along ideological lines set forth at the Fourth National Congress of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Communist Party of Vietnam">Vietnamese Communist Party</a> (VCP) in 1976, emphasizing popular sovereignty and promising success in undertaking "revolutions" in production, science and technology, culture, and ideology. In keeping with the underlying theme of a new beginning associated with reunification, the constitution also stressed the need to develop a new political system, a new economy, a new culture, and a new socialist person.<sup id="cite_ref-cs_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1980 Vietnamese Constitution concentrates power in a newly established Council of State, much like the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, endowing it nominally with both legislative and executive powers. Many functions of the legislature remain the same as under the 1959 document, but others have been transferred to the executive branch or assigned to both branches concurrently. The executive branch appears strengthened overall, having gained a second major executive body, the Council of State, and the importance of the National Assembly appears to have been reduced accordingly. The role of the Council of Ministers, while appearing on paper to have been subordinated to the new Council of State, in practice retained its former primacy.<sup id="cite_ref-cs_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the innovative features of the 1980 document is the concept of "collective mastery" of society, a frequently used expression attributed to the late party secretary <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_Du%E1%BA%A9n" title="Lê Duẩn">Le Duan</a> (1907 - 1986). The concept is a Vietnamese version of popular sovereignty, which advocates an active role for the people so that they may become their own masters as well as masters of society, nature, and the nation. It states that the people's collective mastery in all fields is assured by the state and is implemented by permitting the participation in state affairs of mass organizations. On paper, these organizations, to which almost all citizens belong, play an active role in government and have the right to introduce bills before the National Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-cs_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another feature is the concept of socialist legality, which dictates that "the state manage society according to law and constantly strengthen the socialist legal system." The concept, introduced at the Third National Party Congress in 1960, calls for achieving socialist legality through the state, its organizations, and its people. Law, in effect, is made subject to the decisions and directives of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-cs_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1980 Constitution comprises 147 articles, in 12 chapters, dealing with numerous subjects, including the basic rights and duties of citizens. Article 67 guarantees the citizens' rights to freedom of speech, the press, assembly, association, and the freedom to demonstrate. These rights, however, were subject to a caveat stating that, "no one may misuse democratic freedoms to violate the interests of the state and the people." In practice, the party and the government had considerable latitude to determine what was in "the interests of the state and the people."<sup id="cite_ref-cs_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1992_Constitution">1992 Constitution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1992 Constitution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In light of the <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%95i_M%E1%BB%9Bi" title="Đổi Mới">Đổi Mới</a> (market reforms) adopted by Vietnam beginning on 18 December 1986 and the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a>, Vietnam adopted a new constitution in April 1992. The 1992 constitution adopted a "socialist oriented market economy", which allowed the development of private economic sectors, but it largely retained the previous constitutional structure.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Bo-may-hanh-chinh/Hien-phap-1946-Viet-Nam-Dan-Chu-Cong-Hoa-36134.aspx">"Hiến pháp 1946 Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hi%E1%BA%BFn+ph%C3%A1p+1946+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam+D%C3%A2n+Ch%E1%BB%A7+C%E1%BB%99ng+H%C3%B2a&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.thuvienphapluat.vn%2Fvan-ban%2FBo-may-hanh-chinh%2FHien-phap-1946-Viet-Nam-Dan-Chu-Cong-Hoa-36134.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cs-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cs_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cs_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cs_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cs_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cs_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cs_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cs_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonald_J._Cima1987" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Ronald J. Cima (December 1987). Ronald J. Cima (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gdc/cntrystd.vn"><i>Vietnam: A Country Study</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Research_Division" title="Federal Research Division">Federal Research Division</a>. Constitutional Evolution.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vietnam%3A+A+Country+Study&rft.pages=Constitutional+Evolution&rft.pub=Federal+Research+Division&rft.date=1987-12&rft.au=Ronald+J.+Cima&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.loc.gov%2Floc.gdc%2Fcntrystd.vn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William J. Duiker, "The Constitutional System of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam", in <i>Constitutional Systems in Late Twentieth Century Asia</i> (Lawrence W. Beer ed., 1992)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Son, Bui Ngoc. "The Law of China and Vietnam in Comparative Law." <i>Fordham Int'l LJ</i> 41 (2017): 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Khng, Russell Heng Hiang. "The 1992 Revised Constitution of Vietnam: Background and Scope of Changes." <i>Contemporary Southeast Asia</i> (1992): 221-230.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_reading_and_the_1992_Constitution_and_2001_amendments">General reading and the 1992 Constitution and 2001 amendments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: General reading and the 1992 Constitution and 2001 amendments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Russell H K Heng, "The 1992 Revised Constitution of Vietnam: Background and Scope of Changes", 4:3 <i>Contemporary Southeast Asia</i> 221 (1992).</li> <li>Pip Nicholson, "Vietnamese Legal Institutions in Comparative Perspective: Constitutions and Courts Considered", in K Jayasuriya (ed.), <i>Law, Capitalism and Power in Asia: The Rule of Law and Legal Institutions</i>, London: Routledge, 1999.</li> <li>Mark Sidel, "Analytical Models for Understanding Constitutions and Constitutional Dialogue in Socialist Transitional States: Re-Interpreting Constitutional Dialogue in Vietnam", 6 <i>Singapore Journal of International and Comparative Law</i> 42-89 (2002).</li> <li>Mark Sidel, <i>Law and Society in Vietnam</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.</li> <li>Mark Sidel, <i>The Constitution of Vietnam: A Contextual Analysis</i>, Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2009.</li> <li>To Van-Hoa, <i>Judicial Independence</i>, Lund: Jurisförlaget i Lund, 2006.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_1980_Constitution">The 1980 Constitution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The 1980 Constitution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Nguyen Phuong-Khanh, "Introduction to the 1980 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam", 7(3) <i>Review of Socialist Law</i> 347 (1981) (including the text of the 1980 Constitution).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_1959_Constitution">The 1959 Constitution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The 1959 Constitution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bernard Fall, "North Viet-Nam's New Draft Constitution", 32:2 <i>Pacific Affairs</i> 178 (1959).</li> <li>Bernard Fall, "North Viet-Nam's Constitution and Government", 33:3 <i>Pacific Affairs</i> 282 (1960).</li> <li>Bernard Fall, "Constitution-Writing in a Communist State – The New Constitution of North Vietnam", 6 <i>Howard Law Journal</i> 157 (1960).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 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plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Vietnam" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Constitution of Vietnam">Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English_language">English language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: English language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vietnamnews.vn/politics-laws/250222/the-constitution-of-the-socialist-republic-of-viet-nam.html">2013 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141113093834/http://vietnamnews.vn/politics-laws/250222/the-constitution-of-the-socialist-republic-of-viet-nam.html">Archived</a> 2014-11-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081016121441/http://www.vietnamlaws.com/freelaws/Constitution92%28aa01%29.pdf/">1992 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam as amended 25 December 2001</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vietnamlaws.com/freelaws/Constitution92.pdf">1992 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam as adopted in 1992 (without 2001 amendments)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Vietnam_North_1948.doc">1959 Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vietnamese_language">Vietnamese language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Vietnamese language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Vietnamese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130504030430/http://vbqppl.moj.gov.vn/vbpq/Lists/Vn%20bn%20php%20lut/View_Detail.aspx?ItemID=22863">Resolution on amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1992</a> (2001 constitutional amendments)</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Vietnamese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925173657/http://vbqppl.moj.gov.vn/Pages/vbpq.aspx?loaivb=Hi%E1%BA%BFn%20ph%C3%A1p">Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam</a> (1946, 1959, 1980 and 1992 constitutions)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Constitutions_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Constitutions_of_Asia" title="Template:Constitutions of Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Constitutions_of_Asia" title="Template talk:Constitutions of Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Constitutions_of_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Constitutions of Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Constitutions_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Constitutions of Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Armenia" title="Constitution of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Azerbaijan" title="Constitution of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bahrain" title="Constitution of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bangladesh" title="Constitution of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bhutan" title="Constitution of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Brunei" title="Constitution of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_China" title="Constitution of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Cyprus" title="Constitution of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_East_Timor" title="Constitution of East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Egypt" title="Constitution of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Constitution of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Indonesia" title="Constitution of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Iraq" title="Constitution of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Japan" title="Constitution of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Jordan" title="Constitution of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Kazakhstan" title="Constitution of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_North_Korea" title="Constitution of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_South_Korea" title="Constitution of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Kuwait" title="Constitution of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Constitution of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Laos" title="Constitution of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Lebanon" title="Constitution of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="Constitution of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Maldives" title="Constitution of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Mongolia" title="Constitution of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Myanmar" title="Constitution of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Nepal" title="Constitution of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Philippines" title="Constitution of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Qatar" title="Constitution of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Russia" title="Constitution of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Singapore" title="Constitution of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Constitution of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Syria" title="Constitution of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Tajikistan" title="Constitution of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Thailand" title="Constitution of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Turkey" title="Constitution of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Turkmenistan" title="Constitution of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Constitution of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Uzbekistan" title="Constitution of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Yemen" title="Constitution of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Abkhazia" title="Constitution of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Constitution of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_South_Ossetia" title="Constitution of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vietnam_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vietnam_topics" title="Template:Vietnam topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vietnam_topics" title="Template talk:Vietnam topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vietnam_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vietnam topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vietnam_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vietnam-related_articles" title="Index of Vietnam-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam" title="History of Vietnam">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_capitals_of_Vietnam" title="List of historical capitals of Vietnam">Capitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_dynasties" title="List of Vietnamese dynasties">Dynasties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Vietnam" title="Economic history of Vietnam">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Vietnam" title="Military history of Vietnam">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Vietnam" title="List of monarchs of Vietnam">Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Vietnam" title="Names of Vietnam">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_Vietnam" title="Naval history of Vietnam">Naval</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Timeline" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Vietnamese_history" title="Timeline of Vietnamese history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam#Prehistoric_period" title="History of Vietnam">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam#Ancient_period_(2879–111_BC)" title="History of Vietnam">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam#Chinese_domination_(111_BC–938_AD)" title="History of Vietnam">Chinese dominated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam#Monarchical_period_(938–1858)" title="History of Vietnam">Monarchical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam#Modern_period_(1858–present)" title="History of Vietnam">French colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam_(1945%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Vietnam (1945–present)">Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Vietnam" title="Geography of Vietnam">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Vietnam" title="Template:Borders of Vietnam">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Vietnam" title="Climate of Vietnam">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Vietnam" title="Climate change in Vietnam">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Vietnam" title="List of ecoregions in Vietnam">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Vietnam" title="Environmental issues in Vietnam">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Vietnam" title="Protected areas of Vietnam">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Vietnam" title="List of national parks of Vietnam">National parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Vietnam" title="Wildlife of Vietnam">Wildlife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Vietnam" title="List of mammals of Vietnam">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Vietnam" title="List of birds of Vietnam">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-marine_molluscs_of_Vietnam" title="List of non-marine molluscs of Vietnam">Molluscs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_species_in_Vietnam" title="List of endangered species in Vietnam">Endangered species</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Vietnam" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Vietnam">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Vietnam" title="Subdivisions of Vietnam">Divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnam" title="Provinces of Vietnam">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Vietnam" title="Municipalities of Vietnam">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vietnam" title="List of cities in Vietnam">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_district-level_subdivisions_in_Vietnam" title="List of district-level subdivisions in Vietnam">District-level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commune-level_subdivisions_(Vietnam)" title="Commune-level subdivisions (Vietnam)">Commune-level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_divisions_of_Vietnam" title="Electoral divisions of Vietnam">Electoral units</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Vietnam" title="List of regions of Vietnam">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Vietnam" title="Northern Vietnam">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Delta" title="Red River Delta">Hong (Red) River Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_(Vietnam)" title="Northeast (Vietnam)">Northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_(Vietnam)" title="Northwest (Vietnam)">Northwest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Vietnam" title="Central Vietnam">Central</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Central_Coast" title="North Central Coast">North Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Central_Coast" title="South Central Coast">South Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Highlands_(Vietnam)" title="Central Highlands (Vietnam)">Central Highlands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Vietnam" title="Southern Vietnam">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_(Vietnam)" title="Southeast (Vietnam)">Southeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekong_Delta" title="Mekong Delta">Mekong Delta</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vietnam" title="Politics of Vietnam">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Vietnam" title="Censorship in Vietnam">Censorship</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Fatherland_Front" title="Vietnamese Fatherland Front">Fatherland Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Vietnam" title="Foreign relations of Vietnam">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Vietnam" title="Human rights in Vietnam">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Vietnam">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Vietnam" title="Law of Vietnam">Law</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Communist Party of Vietnam">Communist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam">General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Member_of_the_Secretariat" title="Permanent Member of the Secretariat">Permanent Member of the Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_central_officeholders_in_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="List of central officeholders in the Communist Party of Vietnam">History of central officeholders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam">National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Politburo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Secretariat_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Secretariat of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Inspection_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Inspection Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Inspection Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Military Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Vietnam" title="President of Vietnam">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Vietnam" title="Vice President of Vietnam">Vice President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Vietnam" title="Government of Vietnam">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Prime Minister of Vietnam">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Vietnam">Deputy Prime Ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">Ministers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Legislative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Vietnam" title="National Assembly of Vietnam">National Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_Assembly" title="Standing Committee of the National Assembly">Standing Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Vietnam" title="Chairman of the National Assembly of Vietnam">Chairman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Vietnam" title="Elections in Vietnam">Elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_Vietnam" title="Judicial system of Vietnam">Judiciary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court_of_Vietnam" title="Supreme People's Court of Vietnam">Supreme People's Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court_of_Vietnam" title="Supreme People's Court of Vietnam">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Procuracy_of_Vietnam" title="Supreme People's Procuracy of Vietnam">Supreme People's Procuracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Procuracy_of_Vietnam" title="Supreme People's Procuracy of Vietnam">Procurator-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Courts_of_Vietnam" title="Military Courts of Vietnam">Military Courts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Vietnam">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Military Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_and_Security_Council" title="National Defense and Security Council">National Defense and Security Council</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Armed forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam" title="People's Army of Vietnam">Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam#Main_force" title="People's Army of Vietnam">Ground Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Border_Guard" title="Vietnam Border Guard">Border Guard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Navy" title="Vietnam People's Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Air_Force" title="Vietnam People's Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Coast_Guard" title="Vietnam Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Public_Security" title="Vietnam People's Public Security">Public Security</a> <br /> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Armed_Forces#Vietnam_Civil_Defense_Force" title="Vietnam People's Armed Forces">Militia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Public_Security" title="Vietnam People's Public Security">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Public_Security" title="Vietnam People's Public Security">Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Armed_Forces#Vietnam_Self-Defence_Militia" title="Vietnam People's Armed Forces">Self-Defence Militia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Vietnam" title="Economy of Vietnam">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Vietnam" title="Agriculture in Vietnam">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Vietnam" title="Banking in Vietnam">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%95i_M%E1%BB%9Bi" title="Đổi Mới"><i>Doi Moi</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">("Renovation")</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng" title="Vietnamese đồng">Đồng <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Vietnam" title="Energy in Vietnam">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Vietnam" title="Renewable energy in Vietnam">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Vietnam" title="Nuclear power in Vietnam">Nuclear power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Vietnam" title="List of power stations in Vietnam">Power stations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Vietnam" title="Foreign aid to Vietnam">Foreign aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_Vietnam" title="Foreign trade of Vietnam">Foreign trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-Year_Plans_of_Vietnam" title="Five-Year Plans of Vietnam">Five-Year Plans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_Vietnam" title="Manufacturing in Vietnam">Manufacturing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Standards" title="Vietnam Standards">Standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Vietnam" title="Automotive industry in Vietnam">Automotive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Vietnam" title="Poverty in Vietnam">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Vietnam" title="Science and technology in Vietnam">Science and Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Vietnamese_medicine" title="Traditional Vietnamese medicine">Traditional medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_units_of_measurement" title="Vietnamese units of measurement">Measurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Vietnamese inventions and discoveries">Inventions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Vietnam" title="Telecommunications in Vietnam">Telecommunications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Vietnam" title="Internet in Vietnam">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Vietnam" title="Internet censorship in Vietnam">Censorship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Vietnam" title="Tourism in Vietnam">Tourism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Vietnam" title="Visa policy of Vietnam">Visa policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Vietnam" title="Water supply and sanitation in Vietnam">Water supply</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Vietnam" title="Transport in Vietnam">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_transport_in_Vietnam" title="Air transport in Vietnam">Air transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Vietnam" title="List of airports in Vietnam">Airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Vietnam" title="Rail transport in Vietnam">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressways_of_Vietnam" title="Expressways of Vietnam">Expressways</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Vietnam" title="Category:Society of Vietnam">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Vietnam" title="Education in Vietnam">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Vietnam" title="List of universities in Vietnam">Universities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Vietnam" title="Health in Vietnam">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Vietnam" title="HIV/AIDS in Vietnam">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam">COVID-19</a> and <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">cron</a> hybrid variant</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Vietnam" title="Crime in Vietnam">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Vietnam" title="Gambling in Vietnam">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Vietnam" title="Prostitution in Vietnam">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_Vietnam" title="Sex trafficking in Vietnam">Sex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Vietnam" title="Human trafficking in Vietnam">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Vietnam" title="Corruption in Vietnam">Corruption</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Vietnam" title="Public holidays in Vietnam">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Vietnam" title="Time in Vietnam">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Vietnam" title="Women in Vietnam">Women</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Vietnam" title="Demographics of Vietnam">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people" title="Vietnamese people">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eunuchs_in_Vietnam" title="Eunuchs in Vietnam">Eunuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Vietnamese" title="Overseas Vietnamese">Overseas community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet" title="Vietnamese alphabet">Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_phonology" title="Vietnamese phonology">Phonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language_and_computers" title="Vietnamese language and computers">Language and computers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam" title="List of ethnic groups in Vietnam">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_name" title="Vietnamese name">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Vietnam" title="Racism in Vietnam">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vietnam" title="Religion in Vietnam">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_folk_religion" title="Vietnamese folk religion">Folk religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Vietnam" title="Buddhism in Vietnam">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism_in_Vietnam" title="Taoism in Vietnam">Taoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Vietnam" title="Christianity in Vietnam">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Vietnam" title="Islam in Vietnam">Islam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Vietnam" title="Culture of Vietnam">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFn_Qu%C3%A2n_Ca" title="Tiến Quân Ca">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_architecture" title="Vietnamese architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_art" title="Vietnamese art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Vietnam" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Vietnam">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Vietnam" title="Cinema of Vietnam">Cinema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_animation" title="Vietnamese animation">Animation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing" title="Vietnamese clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_dishes" title="List of Vietnamese dishes">Dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_ingredients" title="List of Vietnamese ingredients">Ingredients</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Vietnam" title="Dance in Vietnam">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Vietnam" title="Emblem of Vietnam">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_traditional_festivals_in_Vietnam" title="List of traditional festivals in Vietnam">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Vietnam" title="Flag of Vietnam">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_literature" title="Vietnamese literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_poetry" title="Vietnamese poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_and_mass_media_in_Vietnam" title="Television and mass media in Vietnam">Mass media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Television" title="Vietnam Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_News_Agency" title="Vietnam News Agency">News Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Vietnam" title="Voice of Vietnam">Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Vietnam" title="List of newspapers in Vietnam">Newspapers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vietnam" title="Music of Vietnam">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V-pop" title="V-pop">V-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Vietnamese_musical_instruments" title="Traditional Vietnamese musical instruments">Traditional musical instruments</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_philosophy" title="Vietnamese philosophy">Philosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Vietnam" title="Anarchism in Vietnam">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism_in_Vietnam" title="Communism in Vietnam">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_nationalism" title="Vietnamese nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Vietnam" title="Socialism in Vietnam">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism_in_Vietnam" title="Trotskyism in Vietnam">Trotskyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Thought" title="Ho Chi Minh Thought">Ho Chi Minh Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Person_Dignity_Theory" title="Person Dignity Theory">Person Dignity Theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Vietnam" title="Sport in Vietnam">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_traditional_games" title="List of Vietnamese traditional games">Traditional games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_martial_arts" title="Vietnamese martial arts">Martial arts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Vietnam" title="National symbols of Vietnam">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Vietnam" title="Theatre of Vietnam">Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_studies" title="Vietnamese studies">Vietnamese studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Vietnam" title="Outline of Vietnam">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vietnam-related_articles" title="Index of Vietnam-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vietnam" title="Category:Vietnam">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vietnam" title="Portal:Vietnam">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Vietnam&oldid=1256096374">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Vietnam&oldid=1256096374</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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