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href="#List_of_known_megaloi_logothetai"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>List of known <span><i>megaloi logothetai</i></span></span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_known_megaloi_logothetai-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of known <span><i>megaloi logothetai</i></span> subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_known_megaloi_logothetai-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Empire_of_Nicaea_and_Palaiologan_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Empire_of_Nicaea_and_Palaiologan_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Empire of Nicaea and Palaiologan period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Empire_of_Nicaea_and_Palaiologan_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Empire_of_Trebizond" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Empire_of_Trebizond"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Empire of Trebizond</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Empire_of_Trebizond-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%9B%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BF%CE%B8%CE%AD%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Μέγας Λογοθέτης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μέγας Λογοθέτης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_logoteta" title="Gran logoteta – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gran logoteta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_logoth%C3%A8te" title="Grand logothète – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grand logothète" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mega_Logoteta" title="Mega Logoteta – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mega Logoteta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande_log%C3%B3teta" title="Grande logóteta – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grande logóteta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mare_logof%C4%83t" title="Mare logofăt – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mare logofăt" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Megas_logariastes" class="mw-redirect" title="Megas logariastes">Megas logariastes</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Megas logothetes</i></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Emperor">Byzantine Emperor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Precursor</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Logothetes_ton_sekreton" title="Logothetes ton sekreton">logothetes ton sekreton</a></i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First holder</th><td class="infobox-data">Strategopoulos</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Final holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Sphrantzes" title="George Sphrantzes">George Sphrantzes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/George_Amiroutzes" title="George Amiroutzes">George Amiroutzes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond" title="Empire of Trebizond">Empire of Trebizond</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abolished</th><td class="infobox-data">1453/1461</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">megas logothetes</i></span></b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">μέγας λογοθέτης</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'Grand <a href="/wiki/Logothete" title="Logothete">Logothete</a>'<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) was an official who served as effective <a href="/wiki/Foreign_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign minister">foreign minister</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>, in the period from <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1250</span> to <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1350</span>, after which it continued as an honorific dignity. The office evolved from the <a href="/wiki/Komnenian_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Komnenian era">Komnenian-era</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Logothetes_ton_sekreton" title="Logothetes ton sekreton">logothetes ton sekreton</a></i></span>, and was established during the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Nicaea" title="Empire of Nicaea">Empire of Nicaea</a>. Its holders were frequently distinguished scholars, who played a prominent role in the civil and military affairs of their time; three of its holders also served in tandem as the head of the civil administration and effective prime minister (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Mesazon" title="Mesazon">mesazon</a></i></span>) of the Empire. The title was also used in the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond" title="Empire of Trebizond">Empire of Trebizond</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">fall of Constantinople</a>, it was adopted in the <a href="/wiki/Danubian_Principalities" title="Danubian Principalities">Danubian Principalities</a> as an honorific title for laymen in the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_functions">History and functions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Megas_logothetes&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History and functions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The post originated as the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Logothetes_ton_sekreton" title="Logothetes ton sekreton">logothetes ton sekreton</a></i></span>, established by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Alexios_I_Komnenos" title="Alexios I Komnenos">Alexios I Komnenos</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1081–1118</span>) in an attempt to improve the coordination of the various fiscal departments (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">sekreta</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEODB"Logothetes"_(A._Kazhdan),_p._1247_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEODB"Logothetes"_(A._Kazhdan),_p._1247-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland197175–76_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuilland197175–76-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 12th century, the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">logothetes ton sekreton</i></span> had risen to a pre-eminent position among the civil administrators, and was increasingly called the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">megas logothetes</i></span> to indicate this.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland197178_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuilland197178-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The all-powerful <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">logothetes ton sekreton</i></span> <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Kastamonites" title="Theodore Kastamonites">Theodore Kastamonites</a>, maternal uncle and <i>de facto</i> regent of the Empire during the early reign of <a href="/wiki/Isaac_II_Angelos" title="Isaac II Angelos">Isaac II Angelos</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1185–1195, 1203–1204</span>), was the first to be officially called <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">megas logothetes</i></span> in a <a href="/wiki/Chrysobull" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrysobull">chrysobull</a> of 1192, although as a honorific rather than an actual new title.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland197183–84_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuilland197183–84-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">logothetes ton sekreton</i></span> was not formally replaced by the designation <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">megas logothetes</i></span> until after <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Constantinople_(1204)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sack of Constantinople (1204)">1204</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Nicaea" title="Empire of Nicaea">Empire of Nicaea</a> (1204–1261) and under the revived <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Palaiologos_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty">Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty</a> (1261–1453).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland197178–79_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuilland197178–79-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As seen in the case of the first known <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">megas logothetes</i></span>, Strategopoulos, in <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1217</span>, the post apparently retained its previous role: Strategopoulos is mentioned as president of the imperial tribunal, apparently the same body attested in 1196 under the presidency of the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">logothetes ton sekreton</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971104_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971104-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOikonomidès1985169_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOikonomidès1985169-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the middle of the 13th century, however, its functions had evolved to become completely different from his antecedent: the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">megas logothetes</i></span> assumed the conduct of foreign affairs and headed the <a href="/wiki/Chancery_(medieval_office)" title="Chancery (medieval office)">chancery</a> involved with diplomatic correspondence, previously the purview of the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Logothetes_tou_dromou" title="Logothetes tou dromou">logothetes tou dromou</a></i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOikonomidès1985169_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOikonomidès1985169-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoenertz1960291–292_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoenertz1960291–292-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971101–102_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971101–102-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">megas logothetes</i></span> was thus unique among the <a href="/wiki/Logothetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Logothetes">logothetes</a> in retaining both its exalted position and an active function during the early Palaiologan period: the <i>Book of Offices</i> of <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Kodinos" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudo-Kodinos">pseudo-Kodinos</a>, one of the main sources for the late Byzantine court and administration, records the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Logothetes_tou_genikou" title="Logothetes tou genikou">logothetes tou genikou</a></i></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">logothetes tou dromou</i></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Logothetes_tou_stratiotikou" title="Logothetes tou stratiotikou">logothetes tou stratiotikou</a></i></span>, and <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Logothetes_ton_agelon" title="Logothetes ton agelon">logothetes ton agelon</a></i></span> as purely honorific titles without a function. Pseudo-Kodinos wrote shortly after the middle of the 14th century, but the situation he records is likely of even earlier date.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971102_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971102-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chora_Church_interior_March_2008.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Chora_Church_interior_March_2008.JPG/250px-Chora_Church_interior_March_2008.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Chora_Church_interior_March_2008.JPG/375px-Chora_Church_interior_March_2008.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Chora_Church_interior_March_2008.JPG/500px-Chora_Church_interior_March_2008.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1673" /></a><figcaption>The <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">megas logothetes</i></span> <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Metochites" title="Theodore Metochites">Theodore Metochites</a> (tenure 1321–1328) presenting the model of the renovated <a href="/wiki/Chora_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Chora Church">Chora Church</a> to <a href="/wiki/Christ_Pantocrator" title="Christ Pantocrator">Christ Pantocrator</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Since the publication of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Diehl" title="Charles Diehl">Charles Diehl</a>'s study on the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">logothetes ton sekreton</i></span> in 1933, a generation of scholars considered the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">megas logothetes</i></span> as the <i>de facto</i> chief minister of the Palaiologan-era Byzantine Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1955316_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1955316-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This view, however, has been proven as mistaken by later studies: numerous sources show that the position of chief minister during that time was designated by the title of <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Mesazon" title="Mesazon">mesazon</a></i></span>, an office that supervised the imperial chancery and was in charge of state administration and justice.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoenertz1960275–300_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoenertz1960275–300-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1955311–320_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1955311–320-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerpeaux1955270–296_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerpeaux1955270–296-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, Pseudo-Kodinos explicitly points out that the "proper function" of the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">megas logothetes</i></span> was to supervise "the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Prostagma" title="Prostagma">prostagmata</a></i></span> and <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Chrysoboullon" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrysoboullon">chrysoboulla</a></i></span> sent by the emperor to all kings, <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">sultans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toparch" class="mw-redirect" title="Toparch">toparchs</a>", while the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">mesastikion</i></span> (the function of a <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">mesazon</i></span>) "is carried out by whoever the emperor commands".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerpeaux1966174_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerpeaux1966174-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only three <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">megaloi logothetai</i></span> are known to have held the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">mesastikion</i></span>—<a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_Mouzalon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodore Mouzalon (page does not exist)">Theodore Mouzalon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Metochites" title="Theodore Metochites">Theodore Metochites</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Gabalas_(14th_century)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Gabalas (14th century) (page does not exist)">John Gabalas</a>—and indeed appear to have been appointed as <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">mesazon</i></span> before being promoted to <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">megas logothetes</i></span>, thereby demonstrating the distinct nature of the two titles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1955316_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1955316-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaybaud1968203–204_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaybaud1968203–204-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Already during pseudo-Kodinos's time, however, the purview of foreign affairs had been transferred to the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">mesazon</i></span>, and the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">megas logothetes</i></span> was thereafter reduced to a mostly honorific position; the early 15th-century writer <a href="/wiki/Mazaris" title="Mazaris">Mazaris</a> describes it as a 'prize' (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">γέρας</span></span>) without particular attributes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOikonomidès1985169_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOikonomidès1985169-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his <i>Untersuchungen zur spätbyzantinischen Verfassungs- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte</i>, the German scholar <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Stein" title="Ernst Stein">Ernst Stein</a> proposed that in the early 14th century, the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">megas logothetes</i></span> also exercised the functions of the former <a href="/wiki/Eparch_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Eparch of Constantinople">Eparch of Constantinople</a> in overseeing the administration of the imperial capital, until <a href="/wiki/Andronikos_III_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos III Palaiologos">Andronikos III Palaiologos</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1328–1341</span>), seeking to secure his throne after winning the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_civil_war_of_1321%E2%80%931328" title="Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328">civil war of 1321–1328</a>, assigned them to the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Protostrator" title="Protostrator">protostrator</a></i></span>. Stein's assumption relies on reading the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">mesastikion</i></span> in the passage of Pseudo-Kodinos as a compound denoting the <a href="/wiki/Mese_(Constantinople)" title="Mese (Constantinople)">Mese</a> boulevard (which Stein considered as the centre of the capital's administration) and the rest of the city, rather than relating it with the office of <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">mesazon</i></span>; Stein's interpretation has been disproved by scholars such as Hans-Georg Beck and Léon-Pierre Raybaud.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1955315_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1955315-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaybaud1968204_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaybaud1968204-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Originally, the title ranked twelfth in the overall hierarchy of the palace, between the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Megas_konostaulos" class="mw-redirect" title="Megas konostaulos">megas konostaulos</a></i></span> and the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Protosebastos" title="Protosebastos">protosebastos</a></i></span>, but in March/April 1321 Emperor <a href="/wiki/Andronikos_II_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos II Palaiologos">Andronikos II Palaiologos</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1282–1328</span>), wishing to exalt his favourite Theodore Metochites, promoted him from <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">logothetes tou genikou</i></span> and raised the rank further to ninth place, above the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Megas_stratopedarches" class="mw-redirect" title="Megas stratopedarches">megas stratopedarches</a></i></span> and below the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Protostrator" title="Protostrator">protostrator</a></i></span>. It appears that the rank retained this high position for the remainder of the Byzantine Empire's existence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971103,_112_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971103,_112-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerpeaux1966137_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerpeaux1966137-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to pseudo-Kodinos, the insignia of office were a rich silk <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Kabbadion" title="Kabbadion">kabbadion</a></i></span> (a <a href="/wiki/Kaftan" title="Kaftan">kaftan</a>-like tunic), a golden-red brimmed hat (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skiadion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skiadion (page does not exist)">skiadion</a></i></span>) decorated with embroideries in the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">klapoton</i></span> style, without veil, or a domed <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skaranikon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skaranikon (page does not exist)">skaranikon</a></i></span> hat, again in red and gold and decorated with golden wire, with a portrait of the emperor standing in front, and another of him enthroned in the rear. Unlike most officials of the court, he bore no staff of office (<i>dikanikion</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerpeaux1966154_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerpeaux1966154-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">Fall of Constantinople</a> in 1453, the title was used in the <a href="/wiki/Danubian_principalities" class="mw-redirect" title="Danubian principalities">Danubian principalities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a>. In the former, the Great Logothete (<span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mare_logof%C4%83t&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mare logofăt (page does not exist)">mare logofăt</a></i></span>) was the chief minister of the prince and head of the <a href="/wiki/Chancellor" title="Chancellor">chancellery</a>, while in Wallachia, he was the second-most senior member of the prince's council, after the <a href="/wiki/Ban_(title)" title="Ban (title)">ban</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DEX_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DEX-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To this day, the leading rank among the <a href="/wiki/Laity" title="Laity">lay</a> <a href="/wiki/Archons_of_the_Ecumenical_Patriarchate" title="Archons of the Ecumenical Patriarchate">archons</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople</a> bears the title of "Grand Logothete".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_known_megaloi_logothetai">List of known <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">megaloi logothetai</i></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Megas_logothetes&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: List of known megaloi logothetai"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Empire_of_Nicaea_and_Palaiologan_period">Empire of Nicaea and Palaiologan period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Megas_logothetes&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Empire of Nicaea and Palaiologan period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:12%;">Name </th> <th style="width:10%;">Tenure </th> <th style="width:12%;">Appointed by </th> <th style="width:62%;">Notes </th> <th style="width:4%;">Refs </th></tr> <tr> <td>Strategopoulos </td> <td><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1217</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Theodore_I_Laskaris" title="Theodore I Laskaris">Theodore I Laskaris</a> </td> <td>The <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Sebastos" title="Sebastos">sebastos</a></i></span> and <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">megas logothetes</i></span> Strategopoulos (first name unknown) is attested as presiding over a court decision in a dispute between two communities in the area of <a href="/wiki/Miletus" title="Miletus">Miletus</a>. The tribunal was obviously the same as that presided over by the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">logothetes ton sekreton</i></span> in 1196, proving the evolutionary link between the two offices. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971104_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971104-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Akropolites" title="George Akropolites">George Akropolites</a> </td> <td>1255–1282 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Theodore_II_Laskaris" title="Theodore II Laskaris">Theodore II Laskaris</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Michael_VIII_Palaiologos" title="Michael VIII Palaiologos">Michael VIII Palaiologos</a> </td> <td>A scholar and historian, Akropolites enjoyed a rapid ascent in the imperial bureaucracy, rising to <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">logothetes tou genikou</i></span> by 1246. As a protégé of <a href="/wiki/Theodore_II_Laskaris" title="Theodore II Laskaris">Theodore II Laskaris</a>, he was promoted to <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">megas logothetes</i></span> in 1255. In that capacity he played a major role in political and military affairs, until his capture during a campaign against <a href="/wiki/Michael_II_of_Epirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael II of Epirus">Michael II of Epirus</a> in 1257. He was released in 1260. Following the <a href="/wiki/Reconquest_of_Constantinople" title="Reconquest of Constantinople">reconquest of Constantinople</a> in 1261, he asked Emperor <a href="/wiki/Michael_VIII_Palaiologos" title="Michael VIII Palaiologos">Michael VIII Palaiologos</a> to relieve him of his political functions so that he could dedicate himself to the revival of higher education in the imperial capital. Until his death in 1282, he served Michael VIII in a number of diplomatic missions. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971104–106_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971104–106-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEODB"Akropolites,_George"_(R._J._Macrides),_p._49_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEODB"Akropolites,_George"_(R._J._Macrides),_p._49-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPLP518._Ἀκροπολίτης_Γεώργιος_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPLP518._Ἀκροπολίτης_Γεώργιος-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_Mouzalon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodore Mouzalon (page does not exist)">Theodore Mouzalon</a> </td> <td>1282–1294 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_VIII_Palaiologos" title="Michael VIII Palaiologos">Michael VIII Palaiologos</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_II_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos II Palaiologos">Andronikos II Palaiologos</a> </td> <td>A very well-educated man, Mouzalon was named <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">megas logothetes</i></span> after Akropolites' death, shortly before Michael VIII's own death. Mouzalon exercised great influence over the new emperor, Andronikos II. He not only served as the effective prime minister, but was even allowed to wear a gold-embroidered scarlet cap, similar to those borne by imperial princes. In 1291, Andronikos II elevated him to the rank of <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Protovestiarios" title="Protovestiarios">protovestiarios</a></i></span> as well, and later married his son <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Palaiologos_(son_of_Andronikos_II)" title="Constantine Palaiologos (son of Andronikos II)">Constantine</a> to Mouzalon's daughter. Following the onset of the illness that would lead to his death in March 1294, Mouzalon requested to be relieved of his administrative duties. On his advice, the emperor handed them over to <a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_Choumnos" title="Nikephoros Choumnos">Nikephoros Choumnos</a>. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971106–108_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971106–108-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPLP19439._Mουζάλων,_Θεόδωρος_Βοΐλας_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPLP19439._Mουζάλων,_Θεόδωρος_Βοΐλας-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Akropolites" title="Constantine Akropolites">Constantine Akropolites</a> </td> <td><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1305/06</span>–1321 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_II_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos II Palaiologos">Andronikos II Palaiologos</a> </td> <td>Eldest son of George Akropolites and a scholar himself, he was named <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">logothetes tou genikou</i></span> by 1282, which he kept at least until <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1294</span>. The exact date of his appointment as <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">megas logothetes</i></span> is uncertain. The title was mostly honorific, as conduct of affairs remained in the hands of the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">mesazon</i></span> Nikephoros Choumnos, and then <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Metochites" title="Theodore Metochites">Theodore Metochites</a>. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971108–110_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971108–110-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEODB"Akropolites,_Constantine"_(A.-M._Talbot),_p._49_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEODB"Akropolites,_Constantine"_(A.-M._Talbot),_p._49-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPLP520._Ἀκροπολίτης_Κωνσταντῖνος_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPLP520._Ἀκροπολίτης_Κωνσταντῖνος-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Metochites" title="Theodore Metochites">Theodore Metochites</a> </td> <td>1321–1328 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_II_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos II Palaiologos">Andronikos II Palaiologos</a> </td> <td>A noted scholar, Metochites successively advanced from <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">logothetes ton agelon</i></span> (1290) to <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Logothetes_ton_oikeiakon" title="Logothetes ton oikeiakon">logothetes ton oikeiakon</a></i></span> (1295/96), <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">logothetes tou genikou</i></span> (1305), and finally <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">megas logothetes</i></span> in 1321, although he had replaced Nikephoros Choumnos as the <i>de facto</i> prime minister (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">mesazon</i></span>) since 1305. Following the deposition of Andronikos II in the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_civil_war_of_1321%E2%80%931328" title="Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328">civil war of 1321–1328</a>, Metochites was dismissed and exiled, ending his days as a monk. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971110–113_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971110–113-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEODB"Metochites,_Theodore"_(A.-M._Talbot),_pp._1357–1358_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEODB"Metochites,_Theodore"_(A.-M._Talbot),_pp._1357–1358-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPLP17982._Μετοχίτης_Θεόδωρος_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPLP17982._Μετοχίτης_Θεόδωρος-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Gabalas_(14th_century)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Gabalas (14th century) (page does not exist)">John Gabalas</a> </td> <td>1343–1344 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_V_Palaiologos" title="John V Palaiologos">John V Palaiologos</a> </td> <td>Originally a partisan of <a href="/wiki/John_VI_Kantakouzenos" title="John VI Kantakouzenos">John VI Kantakouzenos</a>, the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">megas droungarios</i></span> John Gabalas defected to the regency for John V during the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_civil_war_of_1341%E2%80%931347" title="Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347">civil war of 1341–1347</a>. He was promoted to <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Protosebastos" title="Protosebastos">protosebastos</a></i></span> and eventually <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">megas logothetes</i></span>, before falling out with the head of the regency, <a href="/wiki/Alexios_Apokaukos" title="Alexios Apokaukos">Alexios Apokaukos</a>, and being imprisoned. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971113–114_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971113–114-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPLP93286._Γαβαλᾶς_Ἰωάννης_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPLP93286._Γαβαλᾶς_Ἰωάννης-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Palaiologos_Raoul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Palaiologos Raoul (page does not exist)">John Palaiologos Raoul</a> </td> <td>1344 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_V_Palaiologos" title="John V Palaiologos">John V Palaiologos</a> </td> <td>Uncle of John V, attested as <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">megas logothetes</i></span> in two acts concerning the monasteries of <a href="/wiki/Zograf_Monastery" title="Zograf Monastery">Zographou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philotheou" class="mw-redirect" title="Philotheou">Philotheou</a> in October–November 1344. Guilland considers him identical to John Gabalas. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971113–114_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971113–114-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPLP24126._Ῥαούλ,_Ἰωάννης_Παλαιολόγος_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPLP24126._Ῥαούλ,_Ἰωάννης_Παλαιολόγος-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikephoros_Laskaris_Metochites&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikephoros Laskaris Metochites (page does not exist)">Nikephoros Laskaris Metochites</a> </td> <td><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1355–1357</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_VI_Kantakouzenos" title="John VI Kantakouzenos">John VI Kantakouzenos</a><br /><a href="/wiki/John_V_Palaiologos" title="John V Palaiologos">John V Palaiologos</a> </td> <td>Son of Theodore Metochites, partisan of <a href="/wiki/Andronikos_III_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos III Palaiologos">Andronikos III Palaiologos</a> during the civil war of 1321–1328, and of John Kantakouzenos during the civil war of 1341–1347. He is attested as <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">megas logothetes</i></span> in 1355–1357, but was evidently appointed by John VI and retained by John V after Kantakouzenos' resignation in 1354. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971114_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971114-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPLP17986._Μετοχίτης,_Νικηφόρος_Λάσκαρις_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPLP17986._Μετοχίτης,_Νικηφόρος_Λάσκαρις-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Sphrantzes" title="George Sphrantzes">George Sphrantzes</a> </td> <td>1451/52–1453 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constantine_XI_Palaiologos" title="Constantine XI Palaiologos">Constantine XI Palaiologos</a> </td> <td>After a succession of civil and diplomatic functions under <a href="/wiki/Manuel_II_Palaiologos" title="Manuel II Palaiologos">Manuel II Palaiologos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constantine_XI_Palaiologos" title="Constantine XI Palaiologos">Constantine XI Palaiologos</a>, including as governor of <a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mystras" title="Mystras">Mystras</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Selymbria" title="Selymbria">Selymbria</a>, Sphrantzes was appointed as the last <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">megas logothetes</i></span> of the Byzantine Empire. During the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">Fall of Constantinople</a> he was taken captive, but was ransomed and continued to travel in the Balkans and Italy. He wrote a chronicle, the <i>Chronicon Minus</i>, based on his diary, covering the events of 1413–1477. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971114–115_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971114–115-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPLP27278._Σφραντζῆς,_Γεώργιος_[Φιαλίτης]_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPLP27278._Σφραντζῆς,_Γεώργιος_[Φιαλίτης]-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEODB"Sphrantzes,_George"_(A.-M._Talbot),_p._1937_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEODB"Sphrantzes,_George"_(A.-M._Talbot),_p._1937-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Empire_of_Trebizond">Empire of Trebizond</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Megas_logothetes&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Empire of Trebizond"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:12%;">Name </th> <th style="width:10%;">Tenure </th> <th style="width:12%;">Appointed by </th> <th style="width:62%;">Notes </th> <th style="width:4%;">Refs </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Scholarios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Scholarios (page does not exist)">George Scholarios</a> </td> <td><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1363</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexios_III_Megas_Komnenos" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexios III Megas Komnenos">Alexios III Megas Komnenos</a> </td> <td>Attested in a treatise of <a href="/wiki/George_Gemistos_Plethon" class="mw-redirect" title="George Gemistos Plethon">George Gemistos Plethon</a>. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPLP27303._Σχολάριος_Γεώργιος_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPLP27303._Σχολάριος_Γεώργιος-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Amiroutzes" title="George Amiroutzes">George Amiroutzes</a> </td> <td><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1458</span>–1461 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Megas_Komnenos" class="mw-redirect" title="David Megas Komnenos">David Megas Komnenos</a> </td> <td>A noted philosopher and theologian, he served as the last prime minister of the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond" title="Empire of Trebizond">Empire of Trebizond</a>, with the titles of <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">megas logothetes</i></span> and <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">protovestiarios</i></span>. Considered pro-Turkish by contemporaries, he is accused of persuading Emperor David to surrender to the Ottomans during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Trebizond_(1461)" title="Siege of Trebizond (1461)">Siege of Trebizond (1461)</a>. He spent the rest of his life as philosophy tutor of the Ottoman Sultan <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a>. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPLP784._Ἀμιρούτζης_Γεώργιος_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPLP784._Ἀμιρούτζης_Γεώργιος-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEODB"Amiroutzes,_George"_(A.-M._Talbot),_pp._77–78_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEODB"Amiroutzes,_George"_(A.-M._Talbot),_pp._77–78-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Megas_logothetes&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Logothetes</i></span> means "one who accounts, calculates or ratiocinates", literally "one who sets the word". Originally designating junior officials, mostly charged with fiscal duties, it became applied to the heads of the fiscal departments of the central government in the 7th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEODB"Logothetes"_(A._Kazhdan),_p._1247_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEODB"Logothetes"_(A._Kazhdan),_p._1247-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Megas_logothetes&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEODB"Logothetes"_(A._Kazhdan),_p._1247-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEODB"Logothetes"_(A._Kazhdan),_p._1247_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEODB"Logothetes"_(A._Kazhdan),_p._1247_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFODB">ODB</a>, "Logothetes" (A. Kazhdan), p. 1247.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuilland197175–76-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland197175–76_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuilland1971">Guilland 1971</a>, pp. 75–76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuilland197178-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland197178_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuilland1971">Guilland 1971</a>, p. 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuilland197183–84-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland197183–84_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuilland1971">Guilland 1971</a>, pp. 83–84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuilland197178–79-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland197178–79_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuilland1971">Guilland 1971</a>, pp. 78–79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971104-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971104_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971104_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuilland1971">Guilland 1971</a>, p. 104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOikonomidès1985169-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOikonomidès1985169_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOikonomidès1985169_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOikonomidès1985169_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOikonomidès1985">Oikonomidès 1985</a>, p. 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELoenertz1960291–292-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoenertz1960291–292_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLoenertz1960">Loenertz 1960</a>, pp. 291–292.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971101–102-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971101–102_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuilland1971">Guilland 1971</a>, pp. 101–102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971102-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971102_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuilland1971">Guilland 1971</a>, p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1955316-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1955316_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1955316_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeck1955">Beck 1955</a>, p. 316.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELoenertz1960275–300-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoenertz1960275–300_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLoenertz1960">Loenertz 1960</a>, pp. 275–300.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1955311–320-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1955311–320_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeck1955">Beck 1955</a>, pp. 311–320.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerpeaux1955270–296-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerpeaux1955270–296_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerpeaux1955">Verpeaux 1955</a>, pp. 270–296.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerpeaux1966174-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerpeaux1966174_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerpeaux1966">Verpeaux 1966</a>, p. 174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERaybaud1968203–204-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaybaud1968203–204_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRaybaud1968">Raybaud 1968</a>, pp. 203–204.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1955315-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1955315_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeck1955">Beck 1955</a>, p. 315.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERaybaud1968204-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaybaud1968204_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRaybaud1968">Raybaud 1968</a>, p. 204.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971103,_112-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971103,_112_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuilland1971">Guilland 1971</a>, pp. 103, 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerpeaux1966137-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerpeaux1966137_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerpeaux1966">Verpeaux 1966</a>, p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerpeaux1966154-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerpeaux1966154_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerpeaux1966">Verpeaux 1966</a>, p. 154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DEX-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DEX_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px 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a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dexonline.ro/search.php?cuv=logofăt">"logofăt"</a>. <i><span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro"><a 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class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180703162358/http://www.archons.org/archons/offikion.asp">"Offikion - Archon Titles"</a>. Order of St. Andrew the Apostle: Archons of the Ecumenical Patriarchate. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archons.org/archons/offikion.asp">the original</a> on 3 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Offikion+-+Archon+Titles&rft.pub=Order+of+St.+Andrew+the+Apostle%3A+Archons+of+the+Ecumenical+Patriarchate&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archons.org%2Farchons%2Foffikion.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMegas+logothetes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971104–106-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971104–106_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuilland1971">Guilland 1971</a>, pp. 104–106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEODB"Akropolites,_George"_(R._J._Macrides),_p._49-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEODB"Akropolites,_George"_(R._J._Macrides),_p._49_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFODB">ODB</a>, "Akropolites, George" (R. 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Mουζάλων, Θεόδωρος Βοΐλας.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971108–110-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971108–110_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuilland1971">Guilland 1971</a>, pp. 108–110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEODB"Akropolites,_Constantine"_(A.-M._Talbot),_p._49-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEODB"Akropolites,_Constantine"_(A.-M._Talbot),_p._49_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFODB">ODB</a>, "Akropolites, Constantine" (A.-M. Talbot), p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPLP520._Ἀκροπολίτης_Κωνσταντῖνος-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPLP520._Ἀκροπολίτης_Κωνσταντῖνος_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPLP">PLP</a>, 520. Ἀκροπολίτης Κωνσταντῖνος.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971110–113-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971110–113_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuilland1971">Guilland 1971</a>, pp. 110–113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEODB"Metochites,_Theodore"_(A.-M._Talbot),_pp._1357–1358-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEODB"Metochites,_Theodore"_(A.-M._Talbot),_pp._1357–1358_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFODB">ODB</a>, "Metochites, Theodore" (A.-M. Talbot), pp. 1357–1358.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPLP17982._Μετοχίτης_Θεόδωρος-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPLP17982._Μετοχίτης_Θεόδωρος_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPLP">PLP</a>, 17982. Μετοχίτης Θεόδωρος.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971113–114-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971113–114_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971113–114_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuilland1971">Guilland 1971</a>, pp. 113–114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPLP93286._Γαβαλᾶς_Ἰωάννης-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPLP93286._Γαβαλᾶς_Ἰωάννης_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPLP">PLP</a>, 93286. Γαβαλᾶς Ἰωάννης.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPLP24126._Ῥαούλ,_Ἰωάννης_Παλαιολόγος-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPLP24126._Ῥαούλ,_Ἰωάννης_Παλαιολόγος_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPLP">PLP</a>, 24126. 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Μετοχίτης, Νικηφόρος Λάσκαρις.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971114–115-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuilland1971114–115_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuilland1971">Guilland 1971</a>, pp. 114–115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPLP27278._Σφραντζῆς,_Γεώργιος_[Φιαλίτης]-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPLP27278._Σφραντζῆς,_Γεώργιος_[Φιαλίτης]_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPLP">PLP</a>, 27278. Σφραντζῆς, Γεώργιος [Φιαλίτης].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEODB"Sphrantzes,_George"_(A.-M._Talbot),_p._1937-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEODB"Sphrantzes,_George"_(A.-M._Talbot),_p._1937_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFODB">ODB</a>, "Sphrantzes, George" (A.-M. Talbot), p. 1937.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPLP27303._Σχολάριος_Γεώργιος-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPLP27303._Σχολάριος_Γεώργιος_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPLP">PLP</a>, 27303. Σχολάριος Γεώργιος.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPLP784._Ἀμιρούτζης_Γεώργιος-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPLP784._Ἀμιρούτζης_Γεώργιος_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPLP">PLP</a>, 784. Ἀμιρούτζης Γεώργιος.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEODB"Amiroutzes,_George"_(A.-M._Talbot),_pp._77–78-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEODB"Amiroutzes,_George"_(A.-M._Talbot),_pp._77–78_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFODB">ODB</a>, "Amiroutzes, George" (A.-M. Talbot), pp. 77–78.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Megas_logothetes&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg/28px-Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg/42px-Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg/56px-Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Byzantine_Empire" title="Portal:Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeck1955" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Beck, Hans-Georg (1955). "Der byzantinische 'Ministerpräsident'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>" [The Byzantine 'Prime Minister']. <i>Byzantinische Zeitschrift</i> (in German). <b>48</b> (2): 309–338. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fbyzs.1955.48.2.309">10.1515/byzs.1955.48.2.309</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191483710">191483710</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Byzantinische+Zeitschrift&rft.atitle=Der+byzantinische+%27Ministerpr%C3%A4sident%27&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=309-338&rft.date=1955&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fbyzs.1955.48.2.309&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191483710%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Beck&rft.aufirst=Hans-Georg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMegas+logothetes" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuilland1971" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Rodolphe_Guilland" title="Rodolphe Guilland">Guilland, Rodolphe</a> (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/rebyz_0766-5598_1971_num_29_1_1441">"Les Logothètes: Etudes sur l'histoire administrative de l'Empire byzantin"</a> [The Logothetes: Studies on the Administrative History of the Byzantine Empire]. <i>Revue des études byzantines</i> (in French). <b>29</b>: 5–115. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Frebyz.1971.1441">10.3406/rebyz.1971.1441</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+des+%C3%A9tudes+byzantines&rft.atitle=Les+Logoth%C3%A8tes%3A+Etudes+sur+l%27histoire+administrative+de+l%27Empire+byzantin&rft.volume=29&rft.pages=5-115&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Frebyz.1971.1441&rft.aulast=Guilland&rft.aufirst=Rodolphe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fweb%2Frevues%2Fhome%2Fprescript%2Farticle%2Frebyz_0766-5598_1971_num_29_1_1441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMegas+logothetes" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFODB" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kazhdan" title="Alexander Kazhdan">Kazhdan, Alexander</a>, ed. (1991). <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_Byzantium" title="Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium">The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium</a></i>. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-504652-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-504652-8"><bdi>0-19-504652-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Byzantium&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-19-504652-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMegas+logothetes" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoenertz1960" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Loenertz, Raymond-Joseph (1960). "Le chancelier impérial à Byzance au XIVe et au XIIIe siècle" [The imperial chancellor in Byzantium in the 14th and 15th century]. <i>Orientalia Christiana Periodica</i> (in French). <b>26</b>: 275–300.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Orientalia+Christiana+Periodica&rft.atitle=Le+chancelier+imp%C3%A9rial+%C3%A0+Byzance+au+XIVe+et+au+XIIIe+si%C3%A8cle&rft.volume=26&rft.pages=275-300&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Loenertz&rft.aufirst=Raymond-Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMegas+logothetes" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOikonomidès1985" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Oikonomides" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolas Oikonomides">Oikonomidès, Nicolas</a> (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/rebyz_0766-5598_1985_num_43_1_2171">"La chancellerie impériale de Byzance du 13e au 15e siècle"</a> [The imperial chancery of Byzantium from the 13th to the 15th centuries]. <i>Revue des études byzantines</i> (in French). <b>43</b>: 167–195. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Frebyz.1985.2171">10.3406/rebyz.1985.2171</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+des+%C3%A9tudes+byzantines&rft.atitle=La+chancellerie+imp%C3%A9riale+de+Byzance+du+13e+au+15e+si%C3%A8cle&rft.volume=43&rft.pages=167-195&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Frebyz.1985.2171&rft.aulast=Oikonomid%C3%A8s&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fdoc%2Frebyz_0766-5598_1985_num_43_1_2171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMegas+logothetes" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaybaud1968" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Raybaud, Léon-Pierre (1968). <i>Le gouvernement et l'administration centrale de l'empire byzantin sous les premiers Paléologues (1258-1354)</i> [<i>The government and central administration of the Byzantine Empire under the first Palaiologoi (1258-1354)</i>] (in French). Éditions Sirey.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+gouvernement+et+l%27administration+centrale+de+l%27empire+byzantin+sous+les+premiers+Pal%C3%A9ologues+%281258-1354%29&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Sirey&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Raybaud&rft.aufirst=L%C3%A9on-Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMegas+logothetes" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPLP" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Trapp, Erich; Beyer, Hans-Veit; Walther, Rainer; Sturm-Schnabl, Katja; Kislinger, Ewald; Leontiadis, Ioannis; Kaplaneres, Sokrates (1976–1996). <i><a href="/wiki/Prosopographisches_Lexikon_der_Palaiologenzeit" title="Prosopographisches Lexikon der Palaiologenzeit">Prosopographisches Lexikon der Palaiologenzeit</a></i> (in German). Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7001-3003-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-7001-3003-1"><bdi>3-7001-3003-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prosopographisches+Lexikon+der+Palaiologenzeit&rft.place=Vienna&rft.pub=Verlag+der+%C3%96sterreichischen+Akademie+der+Wissenschaften&rft.date=1976%2F1996&rft.isbn=3-7001-3003-1&rft.aulast=Trapp&rft.aufirst=Erich&rft.au=Beyer%2C+Hans-Veit&rft.au=Walther%2C+Rainer&rft.au=Sturm-Schnabl%2C+Katja&rft.au=Kislinger%2C+Ewald&rft.au=Leontiadis%2C+Ioannis&rft.au=Kaplaneres%2C+Sokrates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMegas+logothetes" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerpeaux1955" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Verpeaux, Jean (1955). "Contribution a l'étude de l'administration byzantine: ὁ μεσάζων" [Contribution to the study of Byzantine administration: ὁ μεσάζων]. <i>Byzantinoslavica</i> (in French). <b>16</b>: 270–296.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Byzantinoslavica&rft.atitle=Contribution+a+l%27%C3%A9tude+de+l%27administration+byzantine%3A+%E1%BD%81+%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%AC%CE%B6%CF%89%CE%BD&rft.volume=16&rft.pages=270-296&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=Verpeaux&rft.aufirst=Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMegas+logothetes" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerpeaux1966" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Verpeaux, Jean, ed. (1966). <i>Pseudo-Kodinos, Traité des Offices</i> (in French). Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pseudo-Kodinos%2C+Trait%C3%A9+des+Offices&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Centre+National+de+la+Recherche+Scientifique&rft.date=1966&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMegas+logothetes" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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title="Template talk:Byzantine offices after pseudo-Kodinos"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Byzantine_offices_after_pseudo-Kodinos" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Byzantine offices after pseudo-Kodinos"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Order_of_Byzantine_palace_offices_(after_pseudo-Kodinos)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_bureaucracy_and_aristocracy" title="Byzantine bureaucracy and aristocracy">Order of Byzantine palace offices</a> (after <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Kodinos" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudo-Kodinos">pseudo-Kodinos</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><i><a href="/wiki/Despot_(court_title)" title="Despot (court title)">Despotes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sebastokrator" title="Sebastokrator">Sebastokrator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Caesar_(title)" title="Caesar (title)">Caesar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grand_Domestic" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Domestic">Megas domestikos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panhypersebastos" title="Panhypersebastos">Panhypersebastos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Protovestiarios" title="Protovestiarios">Protovestiarios</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Megas_doux" title="Megas doux">Megas doux</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Protostrator" title="Protostrator">Protostrator</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Megas logothetes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stratopedarches" title="Stratopedarches">Megas stratopedarches</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Primicerius" title="Primicerius">Megas primmikerios</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Konostaulos" title="Konostaulos">Megas konostaulos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Protosebastos" title="Protosebastos">Protosebastos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pinkernes" title="Pinkernes">Pinkernes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kouropalates" title="Kouropalates">Kouropalates</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parakoimomenos" title="Parakoimomenos">Parakoimomenos</a> tes sphendones</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parakoimomenos" title="Parakoimomenos">Parakoimomenos</a> tou koitonos</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Logothetes_tou_genikou" title="Logothetes tou genikou">Logothetes tou genikou</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vestiaritai" title="Vestiaritai">Protovestiarites</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Domestikos_tes_trapezes" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestikos tes trapezes">Domestikos tes trapezes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epi_tes_trapezes" title="Epi tes trapezes">Epi tes trapezes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Papias_(Byzantine_office)" title="Papias (Byzantine office)">Megas papias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eparch_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Eparch of Constantinople">Eparchos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Droungarios_of_the_Watch" title="Droungarios of the Watch">Megas droungarios tes vigles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hetaireiarches" title="Hetaireiarches">Megas hetaireiarches</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Megas_chartoullarios" class="mw-redirect" title="Megas chartoullarios">Megas chartoullarios</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Logothetes_tou_dromou" title="Logothetes tou dromou">Logothetes tou dromou</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Protasekretis" title="Protasekretis">Protasekretis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epi_tou_stratou" title="Epi tou stratou">Epi tou stratou</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mystikos" title="Mystikos">Mystikos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Domestic_of_the_Schools" title="Domestic of the Schools">Domestikos ton scholon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Droungarios_of_the_Fleet" title="Droungarios of the Fleet">Megas droungarios tou stolou</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Primicerius" title="Primicerius">Primmikerios tes aules</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Protospatharios" title="Protospatharios">Protospatharios</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Megas_archon" title="Megas archon">Megas archon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tatas_tes_aules" title="Tatas tes aules">Tatas tes aules</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Megas_tzaousios" class="mw-redirect" title="Megas tzaousios">Megas tzaousios</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Praetor#Byzantine_Empire" title="Praetor">Praitor tou demou</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Logothetes_ton_oikeiakon" title="Logothetes ton oikeiakon">Logothetes ton oikeiakon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Logariastes" title="Logariastes">Megas logariastes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Protokynegos" title="Protokynegos">Protokynegos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Skouterios" title="Skouterios">Skouterios</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ameralios" class="mw-redirect" title="Ameralios">Ameralios</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epi_ton_deeseon" title="Epi ton deeseon">Epi ton deeseon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quaestor_sacri_palatii" title="Quaestor sacri palatii">Koiaistor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Megas_adnoumiastes" title="Megas adnoumiastes">Megas adnoumiastes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Logothetes_tou_stratiotikou" title="Logothetes tou stratiotikou">Logothetes tou stratiotikou</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Protoierakarios" title="Protoierakarios">Protoierakarios</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Logothetes_ton_agelon" title="Logothetes ton agelon">Logothetes ton agelon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Megas_diermeneutes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Megas diermeneutes (page does not exist)">Megas diermeneutes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akolouthos" title="Akolouthos">Akolouthos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krites_tou_phossatou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krites tou phossatou (page does not exist)">Krites tou phossatou</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Allagion" title="Allagion">Archon tou allagiou</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Allagion" title="Allagion">Protallagator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Megas_dioiketes" title="Megas dioiketes">Megas dioiketes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orphanotrophos" title="Orphanotrophos">Orphanotrophos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Protonotarios" class="mw-redirect" title="Protonotarios">Protonotarios</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epi_ton_anamneseon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epi ton anamneseon (page does not exist)">Epi ton anamneseon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Domestikos_ton_teicheon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Domestikos ton teicheon (page does not exist)">Domestikos ton teicheon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prokathemenos" title="Prokathemenos">Prokathemenos</a></i> of the <i>koiton</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prokathemenos" title="Prokathemenos">Prokathemenos</a></i> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Vestiarion" title="Vestiarion">vestiarion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vestiariou" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestiariou">Vestiariou</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hetaireiarches" title="Hetaireiarches">Hetaireiarches</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Logariastes_tes_aules" class="mw-redirect" title="Logariastes tes aules">Logariastes tes aules</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stratopedarches" title="Stratopedarches">Stratopedarches</a></i> of the <i>monokaballoi</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stratopedarches" title="Stratopedarches">Stratopedarches</a></i> of the <i>tzangratores</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stratopedarches" title="Stratopedarches">Stratopedarches</a></i> of the <i>mourtatoi</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stratopedarches" title="Stratopedarches">Stratopedarches</a></i> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Tzakones" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzakones">Tzakones</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prokathemenos" title="Prokathemenos">Prokathemenos</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Palace_of_Constantinople" title="Great Palace of Constantinople">Great Palace</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prokathemenos" title="Prokathemenos">Prokathemenos</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Blachernae" title="Palace of Blachernae">Palace of Blachernae</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Domestikos" title="Domestikos">Domestikos</a></i> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Theme_(Byzantine_district)" title="Theme (Byzantine district)">themata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Domestikos" title="Domestikos">Domestikos</a></i> of the eastern <i><a href="/wiki/Theme_(Byzantine_district)" title="Theme (Byzantine district)">themata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Domestikos" title="Domestikos">Domestikos</a></i> of the western <i><a href="/wiki/Theme_(Byzantine_district)" title="Theme (Byzantine district)">themata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Megas_myrta%C3%AFtes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Megas myrtaïtes (page does not exist)">Megas myrtaïtes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protokomes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protokomes (page does not exist)">Protokomes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Papias_(Byzantine_office)" title="Papias (Byzantine office)">Papias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Droungarios" title="Droungarios">Droungarios</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sebastos" title="Sebastos">Sebastos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Myrta%C3%AFtes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myrtaïtes (page does not exist)">Myrtaïtes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prokathemenos" title="Prokathemenos">Prokathemenoi</a></i> of the cities according to their importance</li></ol> <ul><li>unknown rank <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kanikleios" title="Kanikleios">Epi tou kanikleiou</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baioulos" title="Baioulos">Megas baïoulos</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Byzantine_Empire_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Byzantine_Empire_topics" title="Template:Byzantine Empire topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Byzantine_Empire_topics" title="Template talk:Byzantine Empire topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Byzantine_Empire_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Byzantine Empire topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Byzantine_Empire_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="History of the Byzantine Empire">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em;text-align:left; font-weight:normal"><div style="float: right;"><b>Preceding</b></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Later_Roman_Empire" title="Later Roman Empire">Later Roman Empire</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em;text-align:left; font-weight:normal"><div style="float: right;"><b>Early</b> <span style="font-size:85%;">(330–717)</span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Constantinian_and_Valentinianic_dynasties" title="Byzantine Empire under the Constantinian and Valentinianic dynasties">Constantinian–Valentinianic era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantinian_dynasty" title="Constantinian dynasty">Constantinian dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentinianic_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Valentinianic dynasty">Valentinianic dynasty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Theodosian_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Theodosian dynasty">Theodosian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Leonid_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Leonid dynasty">Leonid era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Justinian_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Justinian dynasty">Justinian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Heraclian_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Heraclian dynasty">Heraclian era</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Dark_Ages" title="Byzantine Dark Ages">Byzantine Dark Ages</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty_Years%27_Anarchy" title="Twenty Years' Anarchy">Twenty Years' Anarchy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em;text-align:left; font-weight:normal"><div style="float: right;"><b>Middle</b> <span style="font-size:85%;">(717–1204)</span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Isaurian_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Isaurian dynasty">Isaurian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Nikephorian_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Nikephorian dynasty">Nikephorian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Amorian_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Amorian dynasty">Amorian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Macedonian_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian dynasty">Macedonian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Doukas_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Doukas dynasty">Doukid era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Komnenos_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Komnenos dynasty">Komnenian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Angelos_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Angelos dynasty">Angelid era</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em;text-align:left; font-weight:normal"><div style="float: right;"><b>Late</b> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1204–1453)</span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Constantinople" title="Sack of Constantinople">Sack of Constantinople</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankokratia" title="Frankokratia">Frankokratia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Empire" title="Latin Empire">Latin Empire</a></li></ul></li> <li>Byzantine successor states (<a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Nicaea" title="Empire of Nicaea">Nicaea</a> / <a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_Epirus" title="Despotate of Epirus">Epirus</a>–<a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Thessalonica" title="Empire of Thessalonica">Thessalonica</a> / <a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_the_Morea" title="Despotate of the Morea">Morea</a> / <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond" title="Empire of Trebizond">Trebizond</a>–<a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Theodoro" title="Principality of Theodoro">Theodoro</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Palaiologos_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty">Palaiologan era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_of_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Decline of the Byzantine Empire">Decline of the Byzantine Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">Fall of Constantinople</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em;text-align:left; font-weight:normal"><div style="float: right;">By modern region<br />or territory</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Anatolia" title="Byzantine Anatolia">Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Armenia" title="Byzantine Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Corsica" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Corsica">Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Crete" title="Byzantine Crete">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Dalmatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greece" title="Byzantine Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Italy" title="Byzantine Italy">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Sardinia" title="Byzantine Sardinia">Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Sicily">Sicily</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Maghreb" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Maghreb">Maghreb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Malta" title="Byzantine Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Mesopotamia" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Spain">Spain (Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands)</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Thrace">Thrace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Governance" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Governance</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_emperors" title="List of Byzantine emperors">Emperors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Byzantine_emperor" title="Coronation of the Byzantine emperor">Coronation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_Byzantine_emperors" title="Family tree of Byzantine emperors">Family tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_and_Byzantine_empresses" title="List of Roman and Byzantine empresses">Empresses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_bureaucracy_and_aristocracy" title="Byzantine bureaucracy and aristocracy">Imperial bureaucracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Greek" title="Medieval Greek">Medieval Greek</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Senate">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture" title="Praetorian prefecture">Praetorian prefects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magister_officiorum" title="Magister officiorum">Magister officiorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comes_sacrarum_largitionum" title="Comes sacrarum largitionum">Comes sacrarum largitionum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comes_rerum_privatarum" title="Comes rerum privatarum">Comes rerum privatarum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaestor_sacri_palatii" title="Quaestor sacri palatii">Quaestor sacri palatii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Middle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logothetes_tou_dromou" title="Logothetes tou dromou">Logothetes tou dromou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakellarios" title="Sakellarios">Sakellarios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logothetes_tou_genikou" title="Logothetes tou genikou">Logothetes tou genikou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logothetes_tou_stratiotikou" title="Logothetes tou stratiotikou">Logothetes tou stratiotikou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakellarios" title="Sakellarios">Chartoularios tou sakelliou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestiarion" title="Vestiarion">Chartoularios tou vestiariou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epi_tou_eidikou" title="Epi tou eidikou">Epi tou eidikou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protasekretis" title="Protasekretis">Protasekretis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epi_ton_deeseon" title="Epi ton deeseon">Epi ton deeseon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Late</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Megas logothetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesazon" title="Mesazon">Mesazon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Subdivisions of the Byzantine Empire">Provincial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture" title="Praetorian prefecture">Praetorian prefectures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_diocese" title="Roman diocese">Dioceses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_province#List_of_Late_Roman_provinces" title="Roman province">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaestura_exercitus" title="Quaestura exercitus">Quaestura exercitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_Ravenna" title="Exarchate of Ravenna">Exarchate of Ravenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_Africa" title="Exarchate of Africa">Exarchate of Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Middle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theme_(Byzantine_district)" title="Theme (Byzantine district)">Themata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleisoura_(Byzantine_district)" title="Kleisoura (Byzantine district)">Kleisourai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandon_(Byzantine_Empire)" title="Bandon (Byzantine Empire)">Bandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katepano" title="Katepano">Catepanates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Late</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kephale_(Byzantine_Empire)" title="Kephale (Byzantine Empire)">Kephale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despot_(court_title)" title="Despot (court title)">Despotates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Byzantine_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of the Byzantine Empire">Foreign relations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Category:Treaties of the Byzantine Empire">Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_diplomats" title="Category:Byzantine diplomats">Diplomats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_diplomacy" title="Byzantine diplomacy">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_wars" title="List of Byzantine wars">Wars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Military" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Military</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Army" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_army" title="Byzantine army">Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_battle_tactics" title="Byzantine battle tactics">Battle tactics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_battles" title="List of Byzantine battles">Battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_beacon_system" title="Byzantine beacon system">Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_generals" title="Category:Byzantine generals">Generals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_mercenaries" title="Category:Byzantine mercenaries">Mercenaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_military_manuals" title="Byzantine military manuals">Military manuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_of_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Category:Military units and formations of the Byzantine Empire">Military units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_revolts_and_civil_wars" title="List of Byzantine revolts and civil wars">Revolts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Roman_army" title="Late Roman army">Late Roman army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Roman_army" class="mw-redirect" title="East Roman army">East Roman army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foederati" title="Foederati">Foederati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucellarii" title="Bucellarii">Bucellarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholae_Palatinae" title="Scholae Palatinae">Scholae Palatinae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excubitors" title="Excubitors">Excubitors</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Middle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theme_(Byzantine_district)" title="Theme (Byzantine district)">Themata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleisoura_(Byzantine_district)" title="Kleisoura (Byzantine district)">Kleisourai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourma" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourma">Tourma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droungos" title="Droungos">Droungos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandon_(Byzantine_Empire)" title="Bandon (Byzantine Empire)">Bandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagma_(military)" title="Tagma (military)">Tagmata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_of_the_Schools" title="Domestic of the Schools">Domestic of the Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetaireia" title="Hetaireia">Hetaireia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akritai" title="Akritai">Akritai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varangian_Guard" title="Varangian Guard">Varangian Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Late</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_army_(Komnenian_era)" title="Byzantine army (Komnenian era)">Komnenian army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pronoia" title="Pronoia">Pronoia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestiaritai" title="Vestiaritai">Vestiaritai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_army_(Palaiologan_era)" title="Byzantine army (Palaiologan era)">Palaiologan army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allagion" title="Allagion">Allagion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramonai" title="Paramonai">Paramonai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_domestic" title="Grand domestic">Grand domestic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_navy" title="Byzantine navy">Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karabisianoi" title="Karabisianoi">Karabisianoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theme_(Byzantine_district)" title="Theme (Byzantine district)">Maritime themata</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cibyrrhaeot_Theme" title="Cibyrrhaeot Theme">Cibyrrhaeot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea_(theme)" title="Aegean Sea (theme)">Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samos_(theme)" title="Samos (theme)">Samos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dromon" title="Dromon">Dromon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_fire" title="Greek fire">Greek fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droungarios_of_the_Fleet" title="Droungarios of the Fleet">Droungarios of the Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megas_doux" title="Megas doux">Megas doux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_admirals" title="Category:Byzantine admirals">Admirals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Naval_battles_involving_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Category:Naval battles involving the Byzantine Empire">Naval battles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Religion_and_law" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Religion and law</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Category:Religion in the Byzantine Empire">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodoxy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesychasm" title="Hesychasm">Hesychasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayhurum" title="Hayhurum">Hayhurum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Patriarchate of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_saints" title="Category:Byzantine saints">Saints</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodoxy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandrian Rite">Alexandrian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miaphysitism" title="Miaphysitism">Miaphysitism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_council" title="Ecumenical council">Ecumenical councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monophysitism" title="Monophysitism">Monophysitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulicianism" title="Paulicianism">Paulicianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Iconoclasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">Great Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogomilism" title="Bogomilism">Bogomilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Athos" title="Mount Athos">Mount Athos</a></li> <li>Missionary activity <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Bulgaria" title="Christianization of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Moravia" title="Christianization of Moravia">Moravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_the_Serbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianization of the Serbs">Serbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Christianization of Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire">Jews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_law" title="Byzantine law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Theodosianus" title="Codex Theodosianus">Codex Theodosianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Juris_Civilis" title="Corpus Juris Civilis">Corpus Juris Civilis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Justinian" title="Code of Justinian">Code of Justinian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecloga" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecloga">Ecloga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilika" title="Basilika">Basilika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Harmenopoulos" title="Constantine Harmenopoulos">Hexabiblos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_mutilation_in_Byzantine_culture" title="Political mutilation in Byzantine culture">Mutilation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Culture_and_society" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Culture and society</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_architecture" title="Byzantine architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_secular_architecture" title="Category:Byzantine secular architecture">Secular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_sacred_architecture" title="Category:Byzantine sacred architecture">Sacred</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cross-in-square" title="Cross-in-square">Cross-in-square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Roman_and_Byzantine_domes" title="History of Roman and Byzantine domes">Domes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_Cistern" title="Basilica Cistern">Basilica Cistern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baths_of_Zeuxippus" title="Baths of Zeuxippus">Baths of Zeuxippus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Blachernae" title="Palace of Blachernae">Blachernae Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chora_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Chora Church">Chora Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walls_of_Constantinople" title="Walls of Constantinople">City Walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Palace_of_Constantinople" title="Great Palace of Constantinople">Great Palace of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagia_Irene" title="Hagia Irene">Hagia Irene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia" title="Hagia Sophia">Hagia Sophia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippodrome_of_Constantinople" title="Hippodrome of Constantinople">Hippodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pammakaristos_Church" title="Pammakaristos Church">Pammakaristos Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_of_Anemas" title="Prison of Anemas">Prison of Anemas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessalonica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Galerius_and_Rotunda" title="Arch of Galerius and Rotunda">Arch of Galerius and Rotunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Bath_(Thessaloniki)" title="Byzantine Bath (Thessaloniki)">Byzantine Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia,_Thessaloniki" title="Hagia Sophia, Thessaloniki">Hagia Sophia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagios_Demetrios" title="Hagios Demetrios">Hagios Demetrios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Panagia_Chalkeon" title="Church of Panagia Chalkeon">Panagia Chalkeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walls_of_Thessaloniki" title="Walls of Thessaloniki">Walls of Thessaloniki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Vitale" title="Basilica of San Vitale">San Vitale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Sant%27Apollinare_in_Classe" title="Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe">Sant'Apollinare in Classe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Sant%27Apollinare_Nuovo" title="Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo">Sant'Apollinare Nuovo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Other locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daphni_Monastery" title="Daphni Monastery">Daphni Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosios_Loukas" title="Hosios Loukas">Hosios Loukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nea_Moni_of_Chios" title="Nea Moni of Chios">Nea Moni of Chios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Metropolis" title="Little Metropolis">Panagia Gorgoepikoos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Catherine%27s_Monastery" title="Saint Catherine's Monastery">Saint Catherine's Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystras" title="Mystras">Mystras</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_art" title="Byzantine art">Art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">Icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_enamel" title="Byzantine enamel">Enamel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_glass" title="Byzantine glass">Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic#Byzantine_mosaics" title="Mosaic">Mosaics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Byzantine_mosaics_in_the_Middle_East" title="Early Byzantine mosaics in the Middle East">Early Byzantine mosaics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_painters" title="Category:Byzantine painters">Painters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_art_(Byzantine)" title="Macedonian art (Byzantine)">Macedonian period art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_civilisation_in_the_12th_century" title="Byzantine civilisation in the 12th century">Komnenian renaissance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_economy" title="Byzantine economy">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine agriculture">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_coinage" title="Byzantine coinage">Coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_mints" title="Byzantine mints">Mints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine trade">Trade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_silk" title="Byzantine silk">silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_route_from_the_Varangians_to_the_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks">Varangians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynatoi" title="Dynatoi">Dynatoi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_literature" title="Byzantine literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_novel" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine novel">Novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acritic_songs" title="Acritic songs">Acritic songs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digenes_Akritas" title="Digenes Akritas">Digenes Akritas</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Romance" title="Alexander Romance">Alexander Romance</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_historians" title="Category:Byzantine historians">Historians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Everyday life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cities_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Cities in the Byzantine Empire">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_cuisine" title="Byzantine cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_dance" title="Byzantine dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_dress" title="Byzantine dress">Dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_flags_and_insignia" title="Byzantine flags and insignia">Flags and insignia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_gardens" title="Byzantine gardens">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenization_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Hellenization in the Byzantine Empire">Hellenization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_music" title="Byzantine music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_lyra" title="Byzantine lyra">Lyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octoechos" title="Octoechos">Octoechos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_people" title="Category:Byzantine people">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greeks" title="Byzantine Greeks">Byzantine Greeks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Women in the Byzantine Empire">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Slavery in the Byzantine Empire">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Death in the Byzantine Empire">Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_units_of_measurement" title="Byzantine units of measurement">Units of measurement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_science" title="Byzantine science">Science</a></li><li>Learning</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_Greek_encyclopedias" title="Category:Byzantine Greek encyclopedias">Encyclopedias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Library_of_Constantinople" title="Imperial Library of Constantinople">Imperial Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_inventions" title="List of Byzantine inventions">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_medicine" title="Byzantine medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_philosophy" title="Byzantine philosophy">Philosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_rhetoric" title="Byzantine rhetoric">Rhetoric</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_scholars" title="List of Byzantine scholars">Scholars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_university" title="Byzantine university">University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Constantinople" title="University of Constantinople">University of Constantinople</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Impact" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Impact</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_commonwealth" title="Byzantine commonwealth">Byzantine commonwealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_studies" title="Byzantine studies">Byzantine studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_museums" title="Category:Byzantine museums">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantinism" title="Byzantinism">Byzantinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Revival_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Revival architecture">Neo-Byzantine architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_scholars_in_the_Renaissance" title="Greek scholars in the Renaissance">Greek scholars in the Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_of_the_Roman_Empire" title="Succession of the Roman Empire">Third Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megali_Idea" title="Megali Idea">Megali Idea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Byzantine_Empire%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Byzantine Empire–related articles">Index</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Outline of the Byzantine Empire">Outline</a></li><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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