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Érasme-Louis Surlet de Chokier - Wikipedia

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Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasme_Louis_Surlet_de_Chokier" title="Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasme_Louis_Surlet_de_Chokier" title="Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmo_Luis_Surlet_de_Chokier" title="Erasmo Luis Surlet de Chokier – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Erasmo Luis Surlet de Chokier" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89rasme-Louis_Surlet_de_Chokier" title="Érasme-Louis Surlet de Chokier – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Érasme-Louis Surlet de Chokier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasme_Louis_Surlet_de_Chokier" title="Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmo_Luigi_Surlet_de_Chokier" title="Erasmo Luigi Surlet de Chokier – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Erasmo Luigi Surlet de Chokier" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmus_Ludovicus_Surlet_de_Chokier" title="Erasmus Ludovicus Surlet de Chokier – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Erasmus Ludovicus Surlet de Chokier" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89rasme-Louis_Surlet_de_Chokier" title="Érasme-Louis Surlet de Chokier – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Érasme-Louis Surlet de Chokier" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasme_Louis_Surlet_de_Chokier" title="Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasme_Louis_Surlet_de_Chokier" title="Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%8C-%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD_%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2" title="เอรัสม์-หลุยส์ ซูร์แล เดอ ชอกีเย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอรัสม์-หลุยส์ ซูร์แล เดอ ชอกีเย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasme_Louis_Surlet_de_Chokier" title="Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1079522#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">Regent of Belgium</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />25 February 1831&#160;–&#32;21 July 1831</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Constantin_de_Gerlache" title="Étienne Constantin de Gerlache">Étienne de Gerlache</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lebeau" title="Joseph Lebeau">Joseph Lebeau</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I_of_Belgium" title="Leopold I of Belgium">Leopold I</a> (as <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Belgians" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the Belgians">King of the Belgians</a>)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1769-11-27</span>)</span>27 November 1769<br /><a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">City of Liège</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Prince-Bishopric of Liège">Liège</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">7 August 1839<span style="display:none">(1839-08-07)</span> (aged&#160;69)<br /><a href="/wiki/Gingelom" title="Gingelom">Gingelom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Érasme-Louis, Baron Surlet de Chokier</b> (27 November 1769 – 7 August 1839), born in <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a>, was a Belgian politician and, before the accession of <a href="/wiki/Leopold_I_of_Belgium" title="Leopold I of Belgium">Leopold I</a> to the Belgian throne, was the first <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> of <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge_Revolution" title="Liège Revolution">Liège Revolution</a> of 1789, when a crowd followed the example of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> and drove off <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Prince-Bishopric of Liège">Prince-Bishop of Liège</a> <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar-Constantin-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Hoensbroeck" title="César-Constantin-François de Hoensbroeck">César-Constantin-François</a>, Surlet de Chokier served in the patriotic army. When the following year this army was defeated by the Austrians at <a href="/wiki/Hasselt" title="Hasselt">Hasselt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zutendaal" title="Zutendaal">Zutendaal</a>, Surlet de Chokier was forced to flee to <a href="/wiki/Breda" title="Breda">Breda</a>, not being able to return to his estate at <a href="/wiki/Gingelom" title="Gingelom">Gingelom</a> until 1792. </p><p>After the French annexation of <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a>, Surlet de Chokier became a devoted follower of the French revolution and of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>. In 1800, Surlet de Chokier was elected mayor of Gingelom and member of the départemental council of <a href="/wiki/Meuse-Inf%C3%A9rieure" title="Meuse-Inférieure">Meuse-Inférieure</a>. In 1812, he became a member of the French parliament. </p><p>After the fall of Napoleon, Surlet de Chokier entered the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Representatives of the Netherlands">House of Representatives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Staten-Generaal" class="mw-redirect" title="Staten-Generaal">Staten-Generaal</a> as leader of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Netherlands" title="Southern Netherlands">Southern</a> opposition, where his opposition to the government gave him the nickname <i>Surlet de Choquant</i>. Although he was made a baron by the king in 1816, his opposition had angered King <a href="/wiki/William_I_of_the_Netherlands" title="William I of the Netherlands">William I</a> so much that the monarch personally made sure that Surlet de Chokier was not re-elected in 1828. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Revolution" title="Belgian Revolution">Belgian Revolution</a> started, Surlet de Chokier was sent by the <a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Hasselt" title="Arrondissement of Hasselt">Arrondissement of Hasselt</a> as a deputy to the <a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Belgium" title="National Congress of Belgium">National Congress</a>. Elected Chairman of the Congress, Surlet de Chokier was active in the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Belgium" title="Constitution of Belgium">Belgian Constitution</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Prince_Louis,_Duke_of_Nemours" title="Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours">Duke of Nemours</a> refused the Belgian crown that had been offered to him, Surlet de Chokier was appointed Regent of Belgium on 24 February 1831. He served as Regent until Leopold I took the <a href="/wiki/Swearing-in_of_the_Kings_of_the_Belgians" class="mw-redirect" title="Swearing-in of the Kings of the Belgians">oath as King of the Belgians</a> on 21 July 1831. </p><p>Surlet de Chokier died in 1839 in Gingelom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heraldry">Heraldry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89rasme-Louis_Surlet_de_Chokier&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Heraldry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="max-width: 100%"> <caption class="nowrap">Coat of arms of the Surlet de Chokier family </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 220px;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_famille_Surlet_de_Chokier.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Blason_famille_Surlet_de_Chokier.svg/220px-Blason_famille_Surlet_de_Chokier.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Blason_famille_Surlet_de_Chokier.svg/330px-Blason_famille_Surlet_de_Chokier.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Blason_famille_Surlet_de_Chokier.svg/440px-Blason_famille_Surlet_de_Chokier.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> </td> <td style="min-width:175px;"> <dl><dt>Escutcheon</dt> <dd>Or, a saltire gules</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89rasme-Louis_Surlet_de_Chokier&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/sycomore/fiche.asp?num_dept=15975">Erasme, Louis Surlet De Chokier (1769–1839)</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> (French National Assembly)</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New title</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">Regent of Belgium</a> </b><br />25 February 1831 – 21 July 1831 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I_of_Belgium" title="Leopold I of Belgium">Leopold I</a></div><i><b>as <a href="/wiki/List_of_Belgian_monarchs" 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href="/wiki/Belgian_Revolution" title="Belgian Revolution">Belgian Revolution</a> and the independence of <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> (1830–1839)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F5F5DC;">Belgian Revolution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Revolution" title="Belgian Revolution">Belgian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rattachism" title="Rattachism">Rattachism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orangism_(Belgium)" title="Orangism (Belgium)">Orangism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_muette_de_Portici" title="La muette de Portici">La muette de Portici</a></i> (August 1830)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Braban%C3%A7onne" title="La Brabançonne">La Brabançonne</a></i> (August 1830)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Belgium" title="Provisional Government of Belgium">Provisional Government of Belgium</a> (September 1830 – February 1831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Belgium" title="National Congress of Belgium">National Congress of Belgium</a> (November 1830)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Belgium" title="Constitution of Belgium">Constitution of Belgium</a> (February 1831)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F5F5DC;">First Belgian monarchs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erasme_Louis_Surlet_de_Chokier" class="mw-redirect" title="Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier">Érasme, Baron Surlet de Chokier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">Regent</a>; February 1831 – July 1831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I_of_Belgium" title="Leopold I of Belgium">Leopold I</a> (<a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Belgians" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the Belgians">King of the Belgians</a>; July 1831 – December 1865)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F5F5DC;">Important figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Niellon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Niellon (page does not exist)">Charles Niellon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dechet" title="Alexandre Dechet">Alexandre Dechet (Jenneval)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_de_M%C3%A9rode&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Frédéric de Mérode (page does not exist)">Frédéric de Mérode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Van_Halen" title="Juan Van Halen">Juan Van Halen</a><br /><small>(see also <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_National_Congress_of_Belgium" title="List of members of the National Congress of Belgium">List of members of the National Congress</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F5F5DC;"><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Belgium" title="Provisional Government of Belgium">Provisional Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Gendebien" title="Alexandre Gendebien">Alexandre Gendebien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Jolly" title="André Jolly">André Jolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Rogier" title="Charles Rogier">Charles Rogier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Potter" title="Louis de Potter">Louis de Potter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvain_Van_de_Weyer" title="Sylvain Van de Weyer">Sylvain Van de Weyer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feuillien_de_Coppin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Feuillien de Coppin (page does not exist)">Feuillien de Coppin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_de_M%C3%A9rode" title="Félix de Mérode">Félix de Mérode</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Vanderlinden&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Vanderlinden (page does not exist)">Joseph Vanderlinden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emmanuel_Van_der_Linden_d%27Hooghvorst&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Emmanuel Van der Linden d&#39;Hooghvorst (page does not exist)">Emmanuel Van der Linden d'Hooghvorst</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F5F5DC;">de Gerlache Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Constantin_de_Gerlache" title="Étienne Constantin de Gerlache">Étienne Constantin de Gerlache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Brouck%C3%A8re" title="Charles de Brouckère">Charles de Brouckère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Gendebien" title="Alexandre Gendebien">Alexandre Gendebien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Joseph_Goblet_d%27Alviella" title="Albert Joseph Goblet d&#39;Alviella">Albert Goblet d'Alviella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvain_Van_de_Weyer" title="Sylvain Van de Weyer">Sylvain Van de Weyer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F5F5DC;">Lebeau I Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lebeau" title="Joseph Lebeau">Joseph Lebeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_de_Sauvage" class="mw-redirect" title="Étienne de Sauvage">Étienne de Sauvage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Brouck%C3%A8re" title="Charles de Brouckère">Charles de Brouckère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Devaux" title="Paul Devaux">Paul Devaux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F5F5DC;"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="United Kingdom of the Netherlands">United Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_I_of_the_Netherlands" title="William I of the Netherlands">King William I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_II_of_the_Netherlands" title="William II of the Netherlands">Prince William</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Days%27_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten Days&#39; Campaign">Ten Days' Campaign (August 1831)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Antwerp_(1832)" title="Siege of Antwerp (1832)">Siege of Antwerp (1832)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F5F5DC;">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Conference_of_1830" title="London Conference of 1830">London Conference of 1830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_the_Eighteen_Articles" title="Treaty of the Eighteen Articles">Treaty of the Eighteen Articles (1831)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1839)" title="Treaty of London (1839)">Treaty of London (1839)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Maastricht_(1843)" title="Treaty of Maastricht (1843)">Treaty of Maastricht (1843)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Rhine" title="Iron Rhine">Iron Rhine Treaty (1873)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F5F5DC;">Monuments and honours</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Martyrs_of_the_1830_Revolution" title="Monument to the Martyrs of the 1830 Revolution">Monument to the Martyrs of the 1830 Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_Column" title="Congress Column">Congress Column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Guard_Merit_Medal" title="Civic Guard Merit Medal">Civic Guard Merit Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1830_Star_of_Honour&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1830 Star of Honour (page does not exist)">1830 Star of Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Cross_(Belgium)" title="Iron Cross (Belgium)">Iron Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1830_Volunteers%27_Commemorative_Cross" title="1830 Volunteers&#39; Commemorative Cross">1830 Volunteers' Commemorative Cross</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/38763764">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1594679/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtCDxR6cMdY8tMXbR7GpP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1076872492">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2004028267">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb169601033">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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