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Several hippopotamus ivory objects, including an ivory cylinder seal, are likely of exotic origin. Some were shaped" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/2734569/883769/30117030/s200_adi.eliyahu_behar.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/68763945/Interregional_Trade_and_Exchange_at_Early_Bronze_Age_Tell_e%E1%B9%A3_%E1%B9%A2%C3%A2fi_Gath" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Interregional Trade and Exchange at Early Bronze Age Tell eṣ-Ṣâfi/Gath" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="There are various strands of evidence to demonstrate that the occupants of Area E participated in an interregional exchange system. Several hippopotamus ivory objects, including an ivory cylinder seal, are likely of exotic origin. Some were shaped" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://ariel.academia.edu/AdiEliyahuBehar" /> <meta name="description" content="There are various strands of evidence to demonstrate that the occupants of Area E participated in an interregional exchange system. Several hippopotamus ivory objects, including an ivory cylinder seal, are likely of exotic origin. Some were shaped" /> <meta name="robots" content="noindex" /> <title>Interregional Trade and Exchange at Early Bronze Age Tell eṣ-Ṣâfi/Gath</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/68763945/Interregional_Trade_and_Exchange_at_Early_Bronze_Age_Tell_e%E1%B9%A3_%E1%B9%A2%C3%A2fi_Gath" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'b092bf3a3df71cf13feee7c143e83a57eb6b94fb'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1739838530000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1739838530000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"There are various strands of evidence to demonstrate that the occupants of Area E participated in an interregional exchange system. Several hippopotamus ivory objects, including an ivory cylinder seal, are likely of exotic origin. Some were shaped and drilled (fig. 1). They are found in almost all of the buildings in Area E, suggesting that they were not limited to elite individuals only. It is not yet clear whether they were made from hippopotamus ivory from the Nile or from local southern Levantine rivers, since hippopotami existed in the coastal plain of Israel until the early Iron Age (Horwitz and Tchernov 1990). To date, sixty-six basalt artifacts have been recovered at Tell es -S âfi/Gath (fig. 2; see Beller, this issue). The absence of suitable basalt sources within the Shephelah suggests that residents of Tell es -S âfi/Gath acquired these basalt commodities from distant sources through exchange. A provenance analysis was performed in order to determine the regions with which residents of Tell es -S âfi/Gath conducted exchange. This analysis involved the generation and comparison of the geochemical profiles of nineteen basalt artifacts, all of which were grinding stones, with those of previously published basalt sources from the southern Levant, Sinai, and Egypt. The results of the provenance analysis demonstrated that fifteen of the nineteen basalt artifacts were chemically consistent, specifically in terms of their total alkali-silica content, with a source or, at minimum, a specific region within the southern Levant. In this manner, four were most consistent with sources around the Sea of Galilee region, one with the Golan, two with the Galilee, three with the Jezreel Valley, and five with the eastern Dead Sea in modern Jordan. Basalt artifacts were transported over distances of 60 km from the eastern Dead Sea region and 100 km from within the Jezreel Valley and around the Sea of Galilee region. It should be noted that no artifacts were linked to more distant sources, such as those in Sinai and Egypt (Beller, Greenfield, Fayek et al. 2016; Beller, Greenfield, Shai et al. 2016). Unfortunately, no basalt ground stone quarry or workshop dating to the EB has been discovered (Milevski 2009: 121). This absence has prohibited insight into the nature of raw material procurement and stymied estimations of the scale of the basalt industry. However, urban centers proximate to basalt sources (e.g., Bet Yerah, Megiddo, Batrawy, Interregional Trade and Exchange at Early Bronze Age Tell es. -S. âfi / Gath","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Adi Eliyahu Behar","url":"https://ariel.academia.edu/AdiEliyahuBehar"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2022-01-19","dateModified":"2022-01-19","headline":"Interregional Trade and Exchange at Early Bronze Age Tell eṣ-Ṣâfi/Gath","image":"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["History","Archaeology","Near Eastern Archaeology"],"publication":"Near Eastern Archaeology","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"University of Chicago Press"},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"ariel"}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68763945/Interregional_Trade_and_Exchange_at_Early_Bronze_Age_Tell_e%E1%B9%A3_%E1%B9%A2%C3%A2fi_Gath"}</script><style type="text/css">@media(max-width: 567px){:root{--token-mode: Rebrand;--dropshadow: 0 2px 4px 0 #22223340;--primary-brand: #0645b1;--error-dark: #b60000;--success-dark: #05b01c;--inactive-fill: #ebebee;--hover: #0c3b8d;--pressed: #082f75;--button-primary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-primary-fill: #0645b1;--button-primary-text: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-primary-fill-press: #082f75;--button-primary-icon: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-inverse: #ffffff;--button-primary-text-inverse: #082f75;--button-primary-icon-inverse: #0645b1;--button-primary-fill-inverse-hover: #cddaef;--button-primary-stroke-inverse-pressed: 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{"work":{"id":68763945,"created_at":"2022-01-19T23:04:42.336-08:00","from_world_paper_id":192547218,"updated_at":"2022-02-14T17:23:31.613-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"There are various strands of evidence to demonstrate that the occupants of Area E participated in an interregional exchange system. Several hippopotamus ivory objects, including an ivory cylinder seal, are likely of exotic origin. Some were shaped and drilled (fig. 1). They are found in almost all of the buildings in Area E, suggesting that they were not limited to elite individuals only. It is not yet clear whether they were made from hippopotamus ivory from the Nile or from local southern Levantine rivers, since hippopotami existed in the coastal plain of Israel until the early Iron Age (Horwitz and Tchernov 1990). To date, sixty-six basalt artifacts have been recovered at Tell es -S âfi/Gath (fig. 2; see Beller, this issue). The absence of suitable basalt sources within the Shephelah suggests that residents of Tell es -S âfi/Gath acquired these basalt commodities from distant sources through exchange. A provenance analysis was performed in order to determine the regions with which residents of Tell es -S âfi/Gath conducted exchange. This analysis involved the generation and comparison of the geochemical profiles of nineteen basalt artifacts, all of which were grinding stones, with those of previously published basalt sources from the southern Levant, Sinai, and Egypt. The results of the provenance analysis demonstrated that fifteen of the nineteen basalt artifacts were chemically consistent, specifically in terms of their total alkali-silica content, with a source or, at minimum, a specific region within the southern Levant. In this manner, four were most consistent with sources around the Sea of Galilee region, one with the Golan, two with the Galilee, three with the Jezreel Valley, and five with the eastern Dead Sea in modern Jordan. Basalt artifacts were transported over distances of 60 km from the eastern Dead Sea region and 100 km from within the Jezreel Valley and around the Sea of Galilee region. It should be noted that no artifacts were linked to more distant sources, such as those in Sinai and Egypt (Beller, Greenfield, Fayek et al. 2016; Beller, Greenfield, Shai et al. 2016). Unfortunately, no basalt ground stone quarry or workshop dating to the EB has been discovered (Milevski 2009: 121). This absence has prohibited insight into the nature of raw material procurement and stymied estimations of the scale of the basalt industry. However, urban centers proximate to basalt sources (e.g., Bet Yerah, Megiddo, Batrawy, Interregional Trade and Exchange at Early Bronze Age Tell es. -S. âfi / Gath","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","publication_name":"Near Eastern Archaeology"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":null,"language":"en","title":"Interregional Trade and Exchange at Early Bronze Age Tell eṣ-Ṣâfi/Gath","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":false,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [2734569]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "grid"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="loswp-grid--container"><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/68763945/Interregional_Trade_and_Exchange_at_Early_Bronze_Age_Tell_e%E1%B9%A3_%E1%B9%A2%C3%A2fi_Gath" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="above-fold js-swp-splash-above-fold"><div class="work-card--container js-swp-control-work-card" data-entity-id="68763945"><div class="work-cover--wrapper"><div class="work-cover--container"><div class="work-cover--no-attachment-container js-swp-splash-paper-cover"><div class="work-cover--file-icon-wrapper"><img alt="paper cover icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe.icon.svg" /></div><div class="work-cover--title js-swp-splash-paper-cover-page-title">Interregional Trade and Exchange at Early Bronze Age Tell eṣ-Ṣâfi/Gath</div><br /><div style="margin-top: 170px"><button class="work-cover--request-pdf-button js-request-pdf-button"><svg style="width: 14px; 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font-weight: 500; color: #4b4b4b;"><div class="u-textTruncate"><span itemprop="author">Adi Eliyahu Behar</span></div></div></a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2734569" type="text/json">{"id":2734569,"first_name":"Adi","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Eliyahu Behar","page_name":"AdiEliyahuBehar","domain_name":"ariel","created_at":"2012-11-06T19:44:19.872-08:00","display_name":"Adi Eliyahu Behar","url":"https://ariel.academia.edu/AdiEliyahuBehar","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2734569/883769/30117030/s65_adi.eliyahu_behar.jpg","has_photo":true,"department":{"id":2153076,"name":"Land of Israel Studies and Archaeology and the Department of Chemical Sciences","url":"https://ariel.academia.edu/Departments/Land_of_Israel_Studies_and_Archaeology_and_the_Department_of_Chemical_Sciences/Documents","university":{"id":1897,"name":"Ariel University","url":"https://ariel.academia.edu/"}},"position":"Faculty Member","position_id":1,"interests":[{"id":3316,"name":"Archaeological Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_Science"},{"id":24522,"name":"Archaeometallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometallurgy"},{"id":126542,"name":"Corrosion and Conservation of Ancient Metals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corrosion_and_Conservation_of_Ancient_Metals"},{"id":24827,"name":"Ceramics (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ceramics_Archaeology_"},{"id":22018,"name":"Glass (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glass_Archaeology_"},{"id":49052,"name":"History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_Archaeology_of_the_Ancient_Near_East"}]}</script><div class="work-card--no-attachment-details"><div style="font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px;">Abstract</div><div class="work-card--abstract js-swp-splash-abstract">There are various strands of evidence to demonstrate that the occupants of Area E participated in an interregional exchange system. Several hippopotamus ivory objects, including an ivory cylinder seal, are likely of exotic origin. Some were shaped and drilled (fig. 1). They are found in almost all of the buildings in Area E, suggesting that they were not limited to elite individuals only. It is not yet clear whether they were made from hippopotamus ivory from the Nile or from local southern Levantine rivers, since hippopotami existed in the coastal plain of Israel until the early Iron Age (Horwitz and Tchernov 1990). To date, sixty-six basalt artifacts have been recovered at Tell es -S âfi/Gath (fig. 2; see Beller, this issue). The absence of suitable basalt sources within the Shephelah suggests that residents of Tell es -S âfi/Gath acquired these basalt commodities from distant sources through exchange. A provenance analysis was performed in order to determine the regions with which residents of Tell es -S âfi/Gath conducted exchange. This analysis involved the generation and comparison of the geochemical profiles of nineteen basalt artifacts, all of which were grinding stones, with those of previously published basalt sources from the southern Levant, Sinai, and Egypt. The results of the provenance analysis demonstrated that fifteen of the nineteen basalt artifacts were chemically consistent, specifically in terms of their total alkali-silica content, with a source or, at minimum, a specific region within the southern Levant. In this manner, four were most consistent with sources around the Sea of Galilee region, one with the Golan, two with the Galilee, three with the Jezreel Valley, and five with the eastern Dead Sea in modern Jordan. Basalt artifacts were transported over distances of 60 km from the eastern Dead Sea region and 100 km from within the Jezreel Valley and around the Sea of Galilee region. It should be noted that no artifacts were linked to more distant sources, such as those in Sinai and Egypt (Beller, Greenfield, Fayek et al. 2016; Beller, Greenfield, Shai et al. 2016). Unfortunately, no basalt ground stone quarry or workshop dating to the EB has been discovered (Milevski 2009: 121). This absence has prohibited insight into the nature of raw material procurement and stymied estimations of the scale of the basalt industry. However, urban centers proximate to basalt sources (e.g., Bet Yerah, Megiddo, Batrawy, Interregional Trade and Exchange at Early Bronze Age Tell es. -S. âfi / Gath</div></div><div class="request-upload--container"><p class="request-upload--title">Adi Eliyahu Behar hasn't uploaded this paper.</p><div class="request-upload--info-text"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="info-circle" class="request-upload--info-icon svg-inline--fa fa-info-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 8C119.043 8 8 119.083 8 256c0 136.997 111.043 248 248 248s248-111.003 248-248C504 119.083 392.957 8 256 8zm0 110c23.196 0 42 18.804 42 42s-18.804 42-42 42-42-18.804-42-42 18.804-42 42-42zm56 254c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12h-88c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h12v-64h-12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h64c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v100h12c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v24z"></path></svg><p class="no-margin hide-on-small-mobile">Let Adi know you want this paper to be uploaded.</p><p class="no-margin hide-above-small-mobile">Ask for this paper to be uploaded.</p></div><button class="work-cover--request-pdf-button small js-request-pdf-button hide-on-desktop"><svg style="width: 14px; 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