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href="#Adaptation_for_use_in_military_rifles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Adaptation for use in military rifles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adaptation_for_use_in_military_rifles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Package_labeling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Package_labeling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Package labeling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Package_labeling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Improvements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Improvements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Improvements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Improvements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specification_numbers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specification_numbers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Specification numbers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specification_numbers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div 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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Improved military rifle propellants</b> are tubular <a href="/wiki/Nitrocellulose" title="Nitrocellulose">nitrocellulose</a> <a href="/wiki/Smokeless_powder" title="Smokeless powder">propellants</a> evolved from <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> through <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> for loading military and commercial ammunition and sold to civilians for reloading rifle ammunition for hunting and target shooting. These propellants were <a href="/wiki/DuPont" title="DuPont">DuPont</a> modifications of <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a> propellants.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tld_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tld-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DuPont miniaturized the large artillery grains to form military rifle propellants suitable for use in small arms. These were improved during the First World War to be more efficient in rimless military cartridges replacing earlier rimmed rifle cartridges. Four-digit numbers identified experimental propellants, and a few successful varieties warranted extensive production by several manufacturers. Some were used almost exclusively for military contracts, or commercial ammunition production, but a few have been distributed for civilian use in <a href="/wiki/Handloading" title="Handloading">handloading</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Improved military rifle propellants are coated with <a href="/wiki/Dinitrotoluene" title="Dinitrotoluene">dinitrotoluene</a> (DNT) to slow initial burning and <a href="/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite">graphite</a> to minimize static electricity during blending and loading. They contain 0.6% <a href="/wiki/Diphenylamine" title="Diphenylamine">diphenylamine</a> as a stabilizer and 1% <a href="/wiki/Potassium_sulfate" title="Potassium sulfate">potassium sulfate</a> to reduce muzzle flash.<sup id="cite_ref-nra_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nra-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1960s_nitrocellulose_rifle_propellant_canister.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/1960s_nitrocellulose_rifle_propellant_canister.png/220px-1960s_nitrocellulose_rifle_propellant_canister.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/1960s_nitrocellulose_rifle_propellant_canister.png/330px-1960s_nitrocellulose_rifle_propellant_canister.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/1960s_nitrocellulose_rifle_propellant_canister.png/440px-1960s_nitrocellulose_rifle_propellant_canister.png 2x" data-file-width="1405" data-file-height="2235" /></a><figcaption>Specification 4831 packaged for retail distribution <i>circa</i> 1960.</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reaction_mechanism">Reaction mechanism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Improved_military_rifle_powder&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Reaction mechanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/John_Bernadou" title="John Bernadou">John Bernadou</a> patented a single-base propellant while working at the <a href="/wiki/Naval_Torpedo_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Torpedo Station">Naval Torpedo Station</a> in 1897. Bernadou's <a href="/wiki/Colloid" title="Colloid">colloid</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nitrocellulose" title="Nitrocellulose">nitrocellulose</a> with <a href="/wiki/Diethyl_ether" title="Diethyl ether">ether</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">alcohol</a> was formulated for the reaction pressures generated within <a href="/wiki/Naval_artillery" title="Naval artillery">naval artillery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tld_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tld-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The colloid was extruded in dense cylinders with longitudinal perforations to decompose in accordance with <a href="/wiki/Piobert%27s_law" title="Piobert's law">Piobert's law</a>. If all external surfaces of the grain are ignited simultaneously, the grain reacts inward from the outside of the cylinder (creating a reaction area of decreasing size), and outward from each perforation (creating a reaction area of increasing size.) Propellant decomposition is initiated by heat causing the colloid to melt and form bubbles of reactive gas which decompose in a luminous <a href="/wiki/Exothermic_reaction" title="Exothermic reaction">exothermic reaction</a> after the bubbles burst. Rate of reaction is controlled by <a href="/wiki/Heat_transfer" title="Heat transfer">heat transfer</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Temperature_gradient" title="Temperature gradient">temperature gradient</a> from the luminous reacting gas through the bubbles to the intact colloid. Heat transfer (and rate of reaction) is faster if the bubbles are under pressure, because heat transfer is more efficient through smaller bubbles. These propellants may not react satisfactorily at low pressures within the <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a>-deficient atmosphere of a gun barrel.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptation_for_use_in_military_rifles">Adaptation for use in military rifles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Improved_military_rifle_powder&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Adaptation for use in military rifles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> licensed use of the patent to <a href="/wiki/DuPont" title="DuPont">DuPont</a> for production of artillery propellant for ships operating in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic">Atlantic</a>, and to <a href="/wiki/California_Powder_Works" title="California Powder Works">California Powder Works</a> for ships operating in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific">Pacific</a>. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> also used Bernadou's propellant for artillery and for the new <a href="/wiki/M1903_Springfield" title="M1903 Springfield">M1903 Springfield</a> <a href="/wiki/Service_rifle" title="Service rifle">service rifle</a> in 1909 with the 150-grain (9.7 g) M1906 bullet. Grain size varied with bore diameter. While artillery grain dimensions might be several inches or centimeters, the standard grains of military rifle propellant were 0.085 inches (2.2 mm) long and 0.03 inches (0.76 mm) in diameter. The Army identified this military rifle propellant as Pyro DG (for diphenylamine, graphited), and 500 tons per day were manufactured by various plants through the first world war.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Package_labeling">Package labeling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Improved_military_rifle_powder&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Package labeling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Military rifle propellant was manufactured in batches in a procedure taking about two weeks<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from treating cotton linters with <a href="/wiki/Nitric_acid" title="Nitric acid">nitric acid</a>, through curing the extruded grains to evaporate excess ether and alcohol, and finally coating the dried grains with DNT and graphite. Each batch had somewhat different reaction rates, so testing was required to determine the appropriate charge to generate required reaction pressure in the intended cartridge. Test results were forwarded to the factory or arsenal assembling cartridges.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Propellants packaged in small sheet metal canisters for sale to civilians were labeled <i>Military Rifle Powder</i> to distinguish the product from low-density "bulk" propellants intended to react at lower pressures in <a href="/wiki/Shotgun" title="Shotgun">shotguns</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pistol" title="Pistol">pistols</a> and from <i>Sporting Rifle Powder</i> for early <a href="/wiki/Lever-action" class="mw-redirect" title="Lever-action">lever-action</a> rifles unable to withstand the pressures of 20th-century service rifle cartridges. Charges of low-density "bulk" propellants were often similar to the volumes of <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">gunpowder</a> used in older firearms and reaction rates were less variable at low pressures appropriate for those cartridges;<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but each batch of military rifle propellant required a different canister label specifying the batch or lot number with the tested charge weight to generate appropriate reaction pressure in intended cartridges. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Improvements">Improvements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Improved_military_rifle_powder&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Improvements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Orders from countries fighting World War I required determining charges for different European military rifle cartridges, and production volume supported research for improvements. Improved military rifle propellants included a longitudinal perforation converting each grain to a tube with a progressive burning interior surface allowing a more consistent gas generation rate through the reaction period. Early propellants were identified by a two-digit number. As the number of experimental variations increased, each improved military rifle propellant was identified by a four-digit number. In addition to the canisters available from DuPont, the <a href="/wiki/Director_of_Civilian_Marksmanship" class="mw-redirect" title="Director of Civilian Marksmanship">Director of Civilian Marksmanship</a> (DCM) sold surplus improved military rifle propellants to members of the <a href="/wiki/National_Rifle_Association_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="National Rifle Association of America">National Rifle Association of America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1936 improved DuPont process control produced batches conforming to published reloading data rather than requiring different charge specifications for each batch;<sup id="cite_ref-dupont_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dupont-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and those propellants have remained in production. Non-conforming batches were used to load commercial and military cartridges following traditional testing procedures. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_II">World War II</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Improved_military_rifle_powder&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wartime temporarily interrupted production of civilian specification propellants, as major quantities of new specifications were manufactured. Number 4831 was used to load navy anti-aircraft machine gun ammunition, and number 4895 was used to load United States service rifle ammunition. As these propellants became military surplus after the war, large quantities of different batches were blended together to make products with uniform average performance for sale to civilians. Manufacture of these specifications for civilian use resumed after military surplus had been exhausted; but reaction characteristics were slightly different from the products distributed from military surplus supplies.<sup id="cite_ref-hagel_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hagel-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specification_numbers">Specification numbers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Improved_military_rifle_powder&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Specification numbers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Number </th> <th>Date Released </th> <th>Date Discontinued </th> <th>Grain Size </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td>1914 </td> <td>~1917 </td> <td>standard </td> <td>designed for <a href="/wiki/.276_Enfield" title=".276 Enfield">.276 Enfield</a>; replaced by 1015<sup id="cite_ref-s66_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s66-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td>1916 </td> <td>~1927 </td> <td>standard </td> <td>identified as NCZ when used for loading British machine gun ammunition; production for civilian sales continued after World War I<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <td>1915 </td> <td>1925 </td> <td>standard </td> <td>used to load various European service rifle cartridges and distributed as military surplus after World War I<sup id="cite_ref-s70_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s70-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 1/2 </td> <td>1923 </td> <td>1933 </td> <td>standard </td> <td>added <a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a> to specification 16 to reduce fouling from <a href="/wiki/Cupronickel" title="Cupronickel">cupronickel</a>-jacketed bullets; replaced by 3031 <sup id="cite_ref-s68_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s68-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <td>1915 </td> <td>1930 </td> <td>short </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1015 </td> <td>1919 </td> <td>1934 </td> <td>standard </td> <td>labeled 15 1/2; added tin to specification 15 to reduce fouling from cupronickel-jacketed bullets; replaced by 4064<sup id="cite_ref-s68_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s68-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1147 </td> <td>1923 </td> <td>1935 </td> <td>short </td> <td>for military cartridges like the <a href="/wiki/.30-06_Springfield" title=".30-06 Springfield">.30-06 Springfield</a> and the <a href="/wiki/7.92%C3%9757mm_Mauser" title="7.92×57mm Mauser">7.92×57mm Mauser</a>; replaced by 4320<sup id="cite_ref-s70_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s70-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1185 </td> <td>1926 </td> <td>1938 </td> <td>standard </td> <td>used to load the 173-grain (11.2 g) .30-06 Springfield M1 bullet; sold as military surplus by DCM<sup id="cite_ref-s70_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s70-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1204 </td> <td>1925 </td> <td>1935 </td> <td>thin & short </td> <td>replaced by 4227<sup id="cite_ref-s70_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s70-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3031 </td> <td>1934 </td> <td> </td> <td>standard </td> <td>replaced 17 1/2;<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for mid-range loads and medium sporting and military cartridges like the <a href="/wiki/.257_Roberts" title=".257 Roberts">.257 Roberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/.30-30" class="mw-redirect" title=".30-30">.30-30</a> and <a href="/wiki/.348_Winchester" title=".348 Winchester">.348 Winchester</a><sup id="cite_ref-dupont_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dupont-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4064 </td> <td>1935 </td> <td> </td> <td>standard </td> <td>replaced 1015;<sup id="cite_ref-s71_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s71-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for magnum capacity cartridges like the <a href="/wiki/.250-3000_Savage" title=".250-3000 Savage">.250-3000 Savage</a>, <a href="/wiki/.35_Whelen" title=".35 Whelen">.35 Whelen</a> and <a href="/wiki/.375_H%26H_Magnum" title=".375 H&H Magnum">.375 H&H Magnum</a><sup id="cite_ref-dupont_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dupont-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4198 </td> <td>1935 </td> <td> </td> <td>thin </td> <td>intended for short range loads and medium capacity cartridges like the <a href="/wiki/.300_Savage" title=".300 Savage">.300 Savage</a>, <a href="/wiki/.32_Remington" title=".32 Remington">.32 Remington</a>, and <a href="/wiki/.32_Winchester_Special" title=".32 Winchester Special">.32 Winchester Special</a><sup id="cite_ref-dupont_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dupont-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-s71_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s71-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4227 </td> <td>1935 </td> <td> </td> <td>thin & short </td> <td>replaced 1204;<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for small capacity cartridges like the <a href="/wiki/.22_Hornet" title=".22 Hornet">.22 Hornet</a>, <a href="/wiki/.25-20_Winchester" title=".25-20 Winchester">.25-20</a>, and <a href="/wiki/.32-20" class="mw-redirect" title=".32-20">.32-20</a><sup id="cite_ref-dupont_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dupont-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4320 </td> <td>1935 </td> <td> </td> <td>short </td> <td>replaced 1147<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for large capacity sporting and military cartridges like the <a href="/wiki/.220_Swift" title=".220 Swift">.220 Swift</a>, <a href="/wiki/.270_Winchester" title=".270 Winchester">.270 Winchester</a> and .30-06<sup id="cite_ref-dupont_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dupont-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4350 </td> <td>1940 </td> <td> </td> <td>standard </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-nra_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nra-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4475 </td> <td>1936 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>used to load military <a href="/wiki/7.62%C3%9751mm_NATO" title="7.62×51mm NATO">7.62×51mm NATO</a> and <a href="/wiki/5.56%C3%9745mm_NATO" title="5.56×45mm NATO">5.56×45mm NATO</a> cartridges during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a><sup id="cite_ref-dew_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dew-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4814 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>used to load <a href="/wiki/.50_BMG" title=".50 BMG">.50 machine gun</a> cartridges </td></tr> <tr> <td>4831 </td> <td>1973 </td> <td> </td> <td>standard </td> <td>used to load <a href="/wiki/Oerlikon_20_mm_cannon" title="Oerlikon 20 mm cannon">Oerlikon 20 mm cannon</a> cartridges through World War II; salvaged propellant became available to civilians about 1949;<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> contains 1.1% diphenylamine (0.5% more than other improved military rifle propellants.)<sup id="cite_ref-nra_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nra-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4895 </td> <td>1962 </td> <td> </td> <td>shortened </td> <td>used to load the 152-grain (9.8 g) .30-06 Springfield M2 bullet through World War II; sold as military surplus after World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-nra_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nra-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>IMR® is a registered trademark of the IMR Powder Company assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Hodgdon_Powder_Company" title="Hodgdon Powder Company">Hodgdon Powder Company</a>, which markets powders under that name.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Improved_military_rifle_powder&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hodgdon_Powder_Company" title="Hodgdon Powder Company">Hodgdon Powder Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokeless_powder" title="Smokeless powder">Smokeless powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handloading" title="Handloading">Handloading</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Improved_military_rifle_powder&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDavis,_Tenney_L.1943" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Tenney L. (1943). <i>The Chemistry of Powder & Explosives</i> (Angriff Press [1992] ed.). John Wiley & Sons Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-913022-00-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-913022-00-4"><bdi>0-913022-00-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chemistry+of+Powder+%26+Explosives&rft.edition=Angriff+Press+%5B1992%5D&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons+Inc&rft.date=1943&rft.isbn=0-913022-00-4&rft.au=Davis%2C+Tenney+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImproved+military+rifle+powder" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFairfield,_A._P.,_CDR_USN1921" class="citation book cs1">Fairfield, A. P., CDR USN (1921). <i>Naval Ordnance</i>. Lord Baltimore Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Naval+Ordnance&rft.pub=Lord+Baltimore+Press&rft.date=1921&rft.au=Fairfield%2C+A.+P.%2C+CDR+USN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImproved+military+rifle+powder" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharpe1953" class="citation book cs1">Sharpe, Philip B. (1953). <i>Complete Guide to Handloading</i> (Third ed.). New York: Funk & Wagnalls.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Complete+Guide+to+Handloading&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=Funk+%26+Wagnalls&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Sharpe&rft.aufirst=Philip+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImproved+military+rifle+powder" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Improved_military_rifle_powder&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://imrpowder.com/company/about-us/">"The IMR Story"</a>. <i>IMR Powder</i>. Hodgdon Powder Company. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230202012756/https://imrpowder.com/company/about-us/">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMR+Powder&rft.atitle=The+IMR+Story&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fimrpowder.com%2Fcompany%2Fabout-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImproved+military+rifle+powder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tld-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tld_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tld_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Davis pp.296&297</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sharpe pp.148&163-172</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nra-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nra_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nra_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nra_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nra_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/William_C._Davis,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="William C. Davis, Jr.">Davis, William C., Jr.</a> <i>Handloading</i> (1981) National Rifle Association of America pp.31–32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140726074222/http://www.rimworld.com/nassarocketry/pdfs/031-PROPELLANT%20PROPERTIES.pdf">"Propellant Properties"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Nevada Aerospace Science Associates. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rimworld.com/nassarocketry/pdfs/031-PROPELLANT%20PROPERTIES.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Propellant+Properties&rft.pub=Nevada+Aerospace+Science+Associates&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rimworld.com%2Fnassarocketry%2Fpdfs%2F031-PROPELLANT%2520PROPERTIES.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImproved+military+rifle+powder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sharpe pp.164&165</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sharpe p.7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fairfield pp.35-41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHatcherBarrNeumann1951" class="citation book cs1">Hatcher, Julian S; Barr, Al; Neumann, Charles L. (1951). <i>Handloading</i>. Vol. 1. Washington, DC: National Rifle Association of America. pp. 36&38.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handloading&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pages=36%2638&rft.pub=National+Rifle+Association+of+America&rft.date=1951&rft.aulast=Hatcher&rft.aufirst=Julian+S&rft.au=Barr%2C+Al&rft.au=Neumann%2C+Charles+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImproved+military+rifle+powder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharpe1953" class="citation book cs1">Sharpe, Philip B. (1953). <i>Complete Guide to Handloading</i> (3rd ed.). New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 170.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Complete+Guide+to+Handloading&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=170&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Funk+%26+Wagnalls&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Sharpe&rft.aufirst=Philip+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImproved+military+rifle+powder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dupont-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dupont_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dupont_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dupont_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dupont_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dupont_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dupont_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">DuPont <i>Better Loads for Better Shooting</i> (1936) <a href="/wiki/DuPont" title="DuPont">E.I. duPont de Nemours & Company</a> pp.5&6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hagel-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hagel_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hagel, Bob <i>Propellant Profiles</i> (1982) Wolfe Publishing Company p.113 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-935632-10-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-935632-10-7">0-935632-10-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-s66-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-s66_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sharpe p.166</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sharpe pp.166&167</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-s70-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-s70_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s70_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s70_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s70_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sharpe p.170</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-s68-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-s68_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s68_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sharpe p.168</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sharpe p.167</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sharpe pp.170&171</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-s71-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-s71_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s71_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sharpe p.171</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sharpe p.172</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sharpe pp.171&172</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dew-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dew_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatters" class="citation web cs1">Watters, Daniel E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130722235300/http://www.thegunzone.com/556prop.html">"The Great Propellant Controversy"</a>. <i>The Gun Zone</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thegunzone.com/556prop.html">the original</a> on 22 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Gun+Zone&rft.atitle=The+Great+Propellant+Controversy&rft.aulast=Watters&rft.aufirst=Daniel+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegunzone.com%2F556prop.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImproved+military+rifle+powder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Knox, Neal <i>Propellant Profiles</i> (1982) Wolfe Publishing Company pp.45–46 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-935632-10-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-935632-10-7">0-935632-10-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tmsearch.uspto.gov/bin/showfield?f=doc&state=4808:gdq395.">"Trademark Electronic Search System (TESS)"</a>. 24 September 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trademark+Electronic+Search+System+%28TESS%29&rft.date=2002-09-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftmsearch.uspto.gov%2Fbin%2Fshowfield%3Ff%3Ddoc%26state%3D4808%3Agdq395.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImproved+military+rifle+powder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Improved_military_rifle_powder&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imrpowder.com">IMR powders</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Improved_military_rifle_powder&oldid=1241236793">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Improved_military_rifle_powder&oldid=1241236793</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Explosives" title="Category:Explosives">Explosives</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Firearm_propellants" title="Category:Firearm propellants">Firearm propellants</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 August 2024, at 03:10<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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