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mw-hide-empty-elt ns-14 ns-subject mw-editable page-ကဏ္ဍ_ပထဝီဝင်_နည်းပညာ rootpage-ကဏ္ဍ_ပထဝီဝင်_နည်းပညာ skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">မာတိကာသို့ ခုန်သွားရန်</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ဆိုဒ်"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ပင်မ မီနူး" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ပင်မ မီနူး</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ပင်မ မီနူး</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ဘေးဘားသို့ရွှေ့ပါ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ဝှက်ရန်</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> အညွှန်း </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC" title="ဗဟိုစာမျက်နှာသို့ သွားရန် [z]" accesskey="z"><span>ဗဟိုစာမျက်နှာ</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%9C%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD%E1%80%96%E1%80%BC%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="လက်ရှိ အဖြစ်အပျက်များမှ နောက်ခံ အချက်အလက်များကို ရှာရန်"><span>လက်ရှိဖြစ်ရပ်များ</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%9C%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B2%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဝီကီမှ လတ်တလော အပြောင်းအလဲများ စာရင်း [r]" accesskey="r"><span>လတ်တလော အပြောင်းအလဲများ</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကျပန်းစာမျက်နှာ ပြရန် [x]" accesskey="x"><span>ကျပန်းစာမျက်နှာ</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8"><span>ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား အကြောင်း</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Contact-url"><span>ဆက်သွယ်ရန်</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ပါဝင်ပံ့ပိုးရန် </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="ရှာဖွေဖော်ထုတ်ရန်နေရာ"><span>အကူအညီ</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0%E1%80%A1%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AE:%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA"><span>တည်းဖြတ်ခြင်း လေ့လာရန်</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC" title="ပရောဂျက်အကြောင်း၊ သင်ဘာလုပ်ပေးနိုင်သည် နှင့် ဘယ်နေရာတွင် ရှာဖွေရန်များ"><span>ပေါင်းကူးနေရာ</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC"><span>ဖိုင်တင်ရန်</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-my.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img 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action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား တွင် ရှာဖွေရန်" aria-label="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား တွင် ရှာဖွေရန်" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယားတွင် ရှာဖွေရန် [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="အထူး:ရှာဖွေရန်"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ရှာဖွေရန်</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="ကိုယ်ပိုင် ကိရိယာများ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ပုံပန်းသွင်ပြင်"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ပုံပန်းသွင်ပြင်" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ပုံပန်းသွင်ပြင်</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=my" class=""><span>လှူဒါန်းမှု</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA&returnto=%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D%3A%E1%80%95%E1%80%91%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA+%E1%80%94%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC" title="အကောင့်တစ်ခုကို ဖန်တီးပြီး ဝင်ရောက်ရန် သင့်အား တိုက်တွန်းပါသည်။ သို့သော် မဖြစ်မနေ မဟုတ်ပါ။" class=""><span>အကောင့် ဖန်တီးရန်</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:UserLogin&returnto=%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D%3A%E1%80%95%E1%80%91%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA+%E1%80%94%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC" title="သင့်အား အကောင့်ဝင်ရန် တိုက်တွန်းပါသည်။ သို့သော် မဖြစ်မနေ လုပ်ဆောင်ရန် မဟုတ်ပါ။ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>အကောင့်ဝင်ရန်</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="နောက်ထပ် ရွေးချယ်စရာများ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ကိုယ်ပိုင် ကိရိယာများ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ကိုယ်ပိုင် ကိရိယာများ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="အသုံးပြုသူ မီနူး" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=my"><span>လှူဒါန်းမှု</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA&returnto=%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D%3A%E1%80%95%E1%80%91%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA+%E1%80%94%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC" title="အကောင့်တစ်ခုကို ဖန်တီးပြီး ဝင်ရောက်ရန် သင့်အား တိုက်တွန်းပါသည်။ သို့သော် မဖြစ်မနေ မဟုတ်ပါ။"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>အကောင့် ဖန်တီးရန်</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:UserLogin&returnto=%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D%3A%E1%80%95%E1%80%91%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA+%E1%80%94%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC" title="သင့်အား အကောင့်ဝင်ရန် တိုက်တွန်းပါသည်။ သို့သော် မဖြစ်မနေ လုပ်ဆောင်ရန် မဟုတ်ပါ။ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>အကောင့်ဝင်ရန်</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ထွက်ပြီးသား တည်းဖြတ်သူများအတွက် စာမျက်နှာများ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0%E1%80%A1%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AE:%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" aria-label="တည်းဖြတ်ခြင်းအကြောင်း ပိုမိုလေ့လာရန်"><span>ပိုမို လေ့လာရန်</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%81%8F%E1%80%86%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဤအိုင်ပီလိပ်စာမှ ပြုလုပ်ထားသော တည်းဖြတ်မှုများ၏ စာရင်း [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ဆောင်ရွက်ချက်များ</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%81%8F%E1%80%86%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ဤအိုင်ပီလိပ်စာမှ တည်းဖြတ်မှုများအကြောင်း ဆွေးနွေးချက် [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ဆွေးနွေးရန်</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ဆိုဒ်"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">ကဏ္ဍ</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">ပထဝီဝင် နည်းပညာ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in ၃၈ languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">၃၈ ဘာသာစကားများ ၃၈ ခု</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="تصنيف:تكنولوجيا جغرافية – အာရဗီ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تصنيف:تكنولوجيا جغرافية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="အာရဗီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Категория:Геоинформатика – ဘက်ရှ်ကာ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Категория:Геоинформатика" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ဘက်ရှ်ကာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Катэгорыя:Геаінфарматыка – ဘီလာရုစ်" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Катэгорыя:Геаінфарматыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ဘီလာရုစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Катэгорыя:Геаінфарматыка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Катэгорыя:Геаінфарматыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80:%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="বিষয়শ্রেণী:ভৌগোলিক প্রযুক্তি – ဘင်္ဂါလီ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিষয়শ্রেণী:ভৌগোলিক প্রযুক্তি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ဘင်္ဂါလီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorija:Geografska_tehnologija" title="Kategorija:Geografska tehnologija – ဘော့စ်နီးယား" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kategorija:Geografska tehnologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ဘော့စ်နီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84:%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C" title="پۆل:تەکنۆلۆژیای جوگرافی – ဗဟိုဒေသသုံး ကဒ်ဘာသာ" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پۆل:تەکنۆلۆژیای جوگرافی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="ဗဟိုဒေသသုံး ကဒ်ဘာသာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategori:Geoinformatik" title="Kategori:Geoinformatik – ဒိန်းမတ်" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kategori:Geoinformatik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ဒိန်းမတ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorie:Geoinformatik" title="Kategorie:Geoinformatik – ဂျာမန်" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kategorie:Geoinformatik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ဂျာမန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Geographical_technology" title="Category:Geographical technology – အင်္ဂလိပ်" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Category:Geographical technology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="အင်္ဂလိပ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategooria:Geoinformaatika" title="Kategooria:Geoinformaatika – အက်စ်တိုးနီးယား" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kategooria:Geoinformaatika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="အက်စ်တိုးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="رده:فناوری جغرافیایی – ပါရှန်" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رده:فناوری جغرافیایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ပါရှန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luokka:Geoinformatiikka" title="Luokka:Geoinformatiikka – ဖင်လန်" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Luokka:Geoinformatiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ဖင်လန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80:%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="श्रेणी:भौगोलिक प्रौद्योगिकी – ဟိန်ဒူ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="श्रेणी:भौगोलिक प्रौद्योगिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ဟိန်ဒူ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kateg%C3%B3ria:T%C3%A9rinformatika" title="Kategória:Térinformatika – ဟန်ဂေရီ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kategória:Térinformatika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ဟန်ဂေရီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategori:Teknologi_geografis" title="Kategori:Teknologi geografis – အင်ဒိုနီးရှား" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kategori:Teknologi geografis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="အင်ဒိုနီးရှား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="Category:地理技術 – ဂျပန်" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Category:地理技術" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ဂျပန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90:%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="კატეგორია:გეოგრაფიული ტექნოლოგია – ဂျော်ဂျီယာ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კატეგორია:გეოგრაფიული ტექნოლოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ဂျော်ဂျီယာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%A7%80%EB%A6%AC_%EA%B8%B0%EC%88%A0" title="분류:지리 기술 – ကိုရီးယား" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="분류:지리 기술" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ကိုရီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorija:%C4%A2eogr%C4%81fijas_tehnolo%C4%A3ijas" title="Kategorija:Ģeogrāfijas tehnoloģijas – လတ်ဗီးယား" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kategorija:Ģeogrāfijas tehnoloģijas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="လတ်ဗီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Категорија:Геоинформатика – မက်ဆီဒိုးနီးယား" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Категорија:Геоинформатика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="မက်ဆီဒိုးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Ангилал:Геоинформатик – မွန်ဂိုလီးယား" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ангилал:Геоинформатик" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="မွန်ဂိုလီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategori:Teknologi_geografi" title="Kategori:Teknologi geografi – မလေး" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kategori:Teknologi geografi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="မလေး" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorie:Geo-informatie" title="Categorie:Geo-informatie – ဒတ်ခ်ျ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Categorie:Geo-informatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ဒတ်ခ်ျ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategori:Geografisk_teknologi" title="Kategori:Geografisk teknologi – နော်ဝေ နီးနောစ်" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kategori:Geografisk teknologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="နော်ဝေ နီးနောစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategori:Geoinformatikk" title="Kategori:Geoinformatikk – နော်ဝေ ဘွတ်ခ်မော်လ်" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kategori:Geoinformatikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="နော်ဝေ ဘွတ်ခ်မော်လ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategoria:Geoinformatyka" title="Kategoria:Geoinformatyka – ပိုလန်" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kategoria:Geoinformatyka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ပိုလန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categoria:Tecnologia_geogr%C3%A1fica" title="Categoria:Tecnologia geográfica – ပေါ်တူဂီ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Categoria:Tecnologia geográfica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ပေါ်တူဂီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Категория:Геоинформатика – ရုရှ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Категория:Геоинформатика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ရုရှ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kateg%C3%B3ria:Geoinformatika" title="Kategória:Geoinformatika – ဆလိုဗက်" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kategória:Geoinformatika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ဆလိုဗက်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Категорија:Географске технологије – ဆားဘီးယား" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Категорија:Географске технологије" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ဆားဘီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategoryjo:Geoinformatyka" title="Kategoryjo:Geoinformatyka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kategoryjo:Geoinformatyka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81:%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பகுப்பு:புவியியல் தொழில்நுட்பம் – တမီးလ်" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பகுப்பு:புவியியல் தொழில்நுட்பம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="တမီးလ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="หมวดหมู่:เทคโนโลยีภูมิศาสตร์ – ထိုင်း" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หมวดหมู่:เทคโนโลยีภูมิศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ထိုင်း" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategori:Co%C4%9Frafi_teknoloji" title="Kategori:Coğrafi teknoloji – တူရကီ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kategori:Coğrafi teknoloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="တူရကီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F:%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Категорія:Геоінформатика – ယူကရိန်း" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Категорія:Геоінформатика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ယူကရိန်း" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%81:%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%B9%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="زمرہ:جغرافیائی ٹیکنالوجی – အူရ်ဒူ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زمرہ:جغرافیائی ٹیکنالوجی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="အူရ်ဒူ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="Category:地理技术 – တရုတ်" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Category:地理技术" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="တရုတ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6968511#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="ဘာသာစကားလင့်ခ်များကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန်" class="wbc-editpage">လင့်ခ်များကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန်</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="အမည်ညွှန်းများ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-category" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D:%E1%80%95%E1%80%91%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%94%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC" title="ကဏ္ဍများကို ကြည့်ရန် [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ကဏ္ဍ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D_%E1%80%86%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA:%E1%80%95%E1%80%91%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%94%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="မာတိကာ စာမျက်နှာအတွက် ဆွေးနွေးချက်များ (စာမျက်နှာ မရှိသေးပါ) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>ဆွေးနွေးချက်</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ဘာသာစကား မူကွဲကို ပြောင်းရန်" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">မြန်မာဘာသာ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="အမြင်ပုံစံများ"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D:%E1%80%95%E1%80%91%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%94%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC"><span>ဖတ်ရန်</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D:%E1%80%95%E1%80%91%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%94%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC&action=edit" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာ၏ ရင်းမြစ်ကုဒ်ကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန် [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ပြင်ဆင်ရန်</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D:%E1%80%95%E1%80%91%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%94%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC&action=history" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာ၏ ယခင်မူများ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>ရာဇဝင်ကြည့်ရန်</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="စာမျက်နှာကိရိယာများ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ကိရိယာများ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ကိရိယာများ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ကိရိယာများ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ဘေးဘားသို့ရွှေ့ပါ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ဝှက်ရန်</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="နောက်ထပ် ရွေးချယ်စရာများ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ဆောင်ရွက်ချက်များ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D:%E1%80%95%E1%80%91%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%94%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC"><span>ဖတ်ရန်</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D:%E1%80%95%E1%80%91%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%94%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC&action=edit" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာ၏ ရင်းမြစ်ကုဒ်ကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန် [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ပြင်ဆင်ရန်</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D:%E1%80%95%E1%80%91%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%94%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC&action=history"><span>ရာဇဝင်ကြည့်ရန်</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ယေဘုယျ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%98%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B2/%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D:%E1%80%95%E1%80%91%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%94%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC" title="ဤနေရာသို့ လမ်းညွှန် လင့်ထားသည့် ဝီကီစာမျက်နှာများ၏ စာရင်း [j]" accesskey="j"><span>ဘယ်ကလင့်ခ်ထားလဲ</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:RecentChangesLinked/%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D:%E1%80%95%E1%80%91%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%94%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC" rel="nofollow" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာမှ ညွှန်းထားသည့် စာမျက်နှာများမှ လတ်တလော အပြောင်းအလဲများ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>ဆက်စပ်သော အပြောင်းအလဲများ</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="အထူး စာမျက်နှာများအားလုံး စာရင်း [q]" accesskey="q"><span>အထူး စာမျက်နှာများ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D:%E1%80%95%E1%80%91%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%94%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC&oldid=425634" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာ၏ ယခုတည်းဖြတ်မူအတွက် ပုံသေလိပ်စာ"><span>ပုံသေလိပ်စာ</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D:%E1%80%95%E1%80%91%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%94%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC&action=info" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာအကြောင်း အချက်အလက်ပို၍"><span>စာမျက်နှာ အချက်အလက်များ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%258F%25E1%2580%25B9%25E1%2580%258D%3A%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%2591%25E1%2580%259D%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2580%259D%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA_%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%258A%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%258A%25E1%2580%25AC"><span>အတိုကောက် URL ရယူရန်</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%258F%25E1%2580%25B9%25E1%2580%258D%3A%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%2591%25E1%2580%259D%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2580%259D%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA_%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%258A%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%258A%25E1%2580%25AC"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ပရင့်/ပို့လွှတ် </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D%3A%E1%80%95%E1%80%91%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA+%E1%80%94%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC"><span>စာအုပ်တစ်အုပ် ဖန်တီးရန်</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D%3A%E1%80%95%E1%80%91%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%94%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF အနေဖြင့် ရယူရန်</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D:%E1%80%95%E1%80%91%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%94%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC&printable=yes" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာ၏ ပရင့်ထုတ်နိုင်သောမူ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>ပရင့်ထုတ်နိုင်သော ဗားရှင်း</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> အခြား ပရောဂျက်များတွင် </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Geoinformatics" hreflang="en"><span>ဝီကီမီဒီယာ ကွန်မွန်းစ်</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6968511" title="ဒေတာအချက်အလက်နှင့် ချိတ်ဆက်ရန်လင့်ခ် [g]" accesskey="g"><span>ဝီကီဒေတာ item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" 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