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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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Available in 4 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-4" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">4 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_aux_Noix_(pulo,_lat_45,12,_long_-73,26)" title="Île aux Noix (pulo, lat 45,12, long -73,26) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Île aux Noix (pulo, lat 45,12, long -73,26)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_aux_Noix" title="Île aux Noix – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Île aux Noix" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_aux_Noix" title="Île aux Noix – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Île aux Noix" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_aux_Noix" title="Île aux Noix – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Île aux Noix" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=%C3%8Ele_aux_Noix&params=45_07_23_N_73_15_52_W_region:CA_source:CGNDB_scale:25000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°07′23″N</span> <span class="longitude">73°15′52″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.12306°N 73.26444°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.12306; -73.26444</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Island on the Richelieu River in Quebec</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IleAuxNoix1760.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/IleAuxNoix1760.jpeg/300px-IleAuxNoix1760.jpeg" decoding="async" width="300" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/IleAuxNoix1760.jpeg/450px-IleAuxNoix1760.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/IleAuxNoix1760.jpeg/600px-IleAuxNoix1760.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2190" data-file-height="1347" /></a><figcaption>A 1760 map depicting fortifications on the Île aux Noix</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Île aux Noix</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[il<span class="wrap"> </span>o<span class="wrap"> </span>nwa]</a></span>) is an <a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">island</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Richelieu_River" title="Richelieu River">Richelieu River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, close to <a href="/wiki/Lake_Champlain" title="Lake Champlain">Lake Champlain</a>. The island is the site of <b><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lennox" title="Fort Lennox">Fort Lennox National Historic Site of Canada</a></b>. Politically, it is part of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul-de-l%27%C3%8Ele-aux-Noix,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Paul-de-l'Île-aux-Noix, Quebec">Saint-Paul-de-l'Île-aux-Noix</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ele_aux_Noix&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Île aux Noix is a 85-hectare (210-acre) island in the <a href="/wiki/Richelieu_River" title="Richelieu River">Richelieu River</a>. The <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> caused the French to build a fort in 1759, named <i>fort de l'Isle aux Noix</i>, to slow the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">British</a> advance on <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, but were forced to surrender it in 1760. In 1775, the island was taken by American forces, and used as a base by the American generals <a href="/wiki/Philip_Schuyler" title="Philip Schuyler">Philip Schuyler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Montgomery" title="Richard Montgomery">Richard Montgomery</a> for attacks on Montreal and <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>. The Americans used the island again in 1776 during their retreat from Canada. Their army spent 10 days on the island: more than 900 American soldiers died from small pox and were buried in two mass graves on Isle aux Noix. The British then built a new fort in 1778 and named it the <i>fort of Isle aux Noix</i>. During the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, the British used the island to supply their operations against the American fleet on Lake Champlain. The present Fort Lennox was built from 1819 to 1829, when the old fortifications were completely demolished. It remained a military post until 1870 and is now a popular tourist location <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.pc.gc.ca/lhn-nhs/qc/lennox/">[1]</a>. </p><p>The Île aux Noix Naval Shipyard was a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> yard from 1812 to 1834 in <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> and served the RN's Lake Champlain fleet during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>. <a href="/wiki/HMS_Confiance_(1814)" title="HMS Confiance (1814)">HMS <i>Confiance</i></a> was one of several warships built here. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="French_fortifications">French fortifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ele_aux_Noix&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: French fortifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nouvelle-France_1754.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nouvelle-France_1754.jpg/250px-Nouvelle-France_1754.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="356" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nouvelle-France_1754.jpg/375px-Nouvelle-France_1754.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nouvelle-France_1754.jpg/500px-Nouvelle-France_1754.jpg 2x" data-file-width="694" data-file-height="987" /></a><figcaption>Location of Fort Île aux Noix</figcaption></figure> <p>The population of <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a> during the last years of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a> lived through difficult times. It faced an appreciable reduction in support from the home country, at a time when France's resources were being stripped by the situation on the European continent. In the colony from year to year, civilians and soldiers saw their hopes crushed as they worked out strategies, which were constantly deprived of the necessary royal support. The campaigns of 1759 and 1760 provide strong evidence of this situation and it is in this context that the strategists decided to build a fort on Île aux Noix. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Disputed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-disputed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/System-search.svg/45px-System-search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/System-search.svg/68px-System-search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/System-search.svg/90px-System-search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <b>factual accuracy is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">disputed</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:%C3%8Ele_aux_Noix#Disputed" title="Talk:Île aux Noix">talk page</a>. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliably sourced</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>From August 16 to 28, 1760, French soldiers commanded by Colonel Bougainville, were besieged by <a href="/wiki/William_Haviland" title="William Haviland">William Haviland</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal Campaign">British advance on Montreal</a>. Bougainville realised that the fort of Île aux Noix could not resist a longer siege. On August 27, Bougainville had his troops silently leave the island in the middle of the night and headed to Montreal where he hoped his soldiers could help. The siege of Isle aux Noix ended on August 28, when a group of about forty French soldiers surrendered to the British forces. </p><p>The last French governor-general of New France, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Rigaud,_Marquis_de_Vaudreuil-Cavagnal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre François de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnal">Pierre François de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnal</a>, surrendered to British Major General <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Amherst,_1st_Baron_Amherst" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeffrey Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst">Jeffrey Amherst</a> on September 8, 1760. France finally ceded Canada to the British in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">Treaty of Paris</a>, signed on February 10, 1763. </p><p>The strategic importance of Île aux Noix decreased as soon as the conquest of Canada was complete in 1760. Amherst had not thought it wise to preserve the French fortifications on Île aux Noix and therefore he ordered the razing of the entrenchments to salvage the construction materials, which might be reused at <a href="/wiki/Crown_Point,_New_York" title="Crown Point, New York">Crown Point</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_British_fortifications">First British fortifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ele_aux_Noix&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First British fortifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After New France became a British colony, there was not much use for Île aux Noix as a military post. The French fort was destroyed. </p><p>Yet after the American invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec_(1763%E2%80%931791)" title="Province of Quebec (1763–1791)">province of Quebec</a> in 1775-1776 by means of the Richelieu River, the British authorities decided to build a new fort on the island in 1778. It was used during the War of 1812. That fort was demolished to make place for Fort Lennox. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="American_occupation">American occupation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ele_aux_Noix&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: American occupation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1775, the island was taken by American forces and used as a base by the American generals Philip Schuyler and Richard Montgomery for attacks on Montreal and Quebec. After being defeated at Quebec and abandoning Montreal, the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> regrouped at the island in 1776 in its retreat from the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec_(1763%E2%80%931791)" title="Province of Quebec (1763–1791)">province of Quebec</a>. The site returned to British hands as an important frontier fort, now its southernmost on the Richelieu. Blockhouses were constructed in 1779 to resist further attack. A much more impressive fortification was built from 1779 to 1782. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Images">Images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ele_aux_Noix&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:We_stand_on_guard_for_thee.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Fort Lennox"><img alt="Fort Lennox" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/We_stand_on_guard_for_thee.JPG/120px-We_stand_on_guard_for_thee.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/We_stand_on_guard_for_thee.JPG/180px-We_stand_on_guard_for_thee.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/We_stand_on_guard_for_thee.JPG/240px-We_stand_on_guard_for_thee.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fort Lennox</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Lennox.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Fort Lennox on île-aux-Noix"><img alt="Fort Lennox on île-aux-Noix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Fort_Lennox.JPG/120px-Fort_Lennox.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Fort_Lennox.JPG/180px-Fort_Lennox.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Fort_Lennox.JPG/240px-Fort_Lennox.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fort Lennox on île-aux-Noix</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Lennox,_Qu%C3%A9bec,_Canada.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fort Lennox"><img alt="Fort Lennox" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Fort_Lennox%2C_Qu%C3%A9bec%2C_Canada.jpg/120px-Fort_Lennox%2C_Qu%C3%A9bec%2C_Canada.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Fort_Lennox%2C_Qu%C3%A9bec%2C_Canada.jpg/180px-Fort_Lennox%2C_Qu%C3%A9bec%2C_Canada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Fort_Lennox%2C_Qu%C3%A9bec%2C_Canada.jpg/240px-Fort_Lennox%2C_Qu%C3%A9bec%2C_Canada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1415" data-file-height="932" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fort Lennox </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Lennox_(septembre_2000).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fort Lennox"><img alt="Fort Lennox" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Fort_Lennox_%28septembre_2000%29.jpg/120px-Fort_Lennox_%28septembre_2000%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Fort_Lennox_%28septembre_2000%29.jpg/180px-Fort_Lennox_%28septembre_2000%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Fort_Lennox_%28septembre_2000%29.jpg/240px-Fort_Lennox_%28septembre_2000%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="993" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fort Lennox</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Latrines_of_Fort_Lennox.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The soldiers' latrines in Fort Lennox."><img alt="The soldiers' latrines in Fort Lennox." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Latrines_of_Fort_Lennox.JPG/120px-Latrines_of_Fort_Lennox.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Latrines_of_Fort_Lennox.JPG/180px-Latrines_of_Fort_Lennox.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Latrines_of_Fort_Lennox.JPG/240px-Latrines_of_Fort_Lennox.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The soldiers' latrines in Fort Lennox. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Barracks_of_Fort_Lennox.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Behind the barracks of Fort Lennox."><img alt="Behind the barracks of Fort Lennox." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Barracks_of_Fort_Lennox.JPG/120px-Barracks_of_Fort_Lennox.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Barracks_of_Fort_Lennox.JPG/180px-Barracks_of_Fort_Lennox.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Barracks_of_Fort_Lennox.JPG/240px-Barracks_of_Fort_Lennox.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Behind the barracks of Fort Lennox.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commissariat_Store_of_Fort_Lennox.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Commissariat Store of Fort Lennox."><img alt="The Commissariat Store of Fort Lennox." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Commissariat_Store_of_Fort_Lennox.JPG/120px-Commissariat_Store_of_Fort_Lennox.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Commissariat_Store_of_Fort_Lennox.JPG/180px-Commissariat_Store_of_Fort_Lennox.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Commissariat_Store_of_Fort_Lennox.JPG/240px-Commissariat_Store_of_Fort_Lennox.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Commissariat Store of Fort Lennox.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Lennox_Powder_Magazine_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Behind the Powder Magazine at Fort Lennox."><img alt="Behind the Powder Magazine at Fort Lennox." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Fort_Lennox_Powder_Magazine_2.JPG/120px-Fort_Lennox_Powder_Magazine_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Fort_Lennox_Powder_Magazine_2.JPG/180px-Fort_Lennox_Powder_Magazine_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Fort_Lennox_Powder_Magazine_2.JPG/240px-Fort_Lennox_Powder_Magazine_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Behind the Powder Magazine at Fort Lennox. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Powder_Magazine_and_Barracks.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The powder magazine and barracks"><img alt="The powder magazine and barracks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Powder_Magazine_and_Barracks.JPG/120px-Powder_Magazine_and_Barracks.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Powder_Magazine_and_Barracks.JPG/180px-Powder_Magazine_and_Barracks.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Powder_Magazine_and_Barracks.JPG/240px-Powder_Magazine_and_Barracks.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The powder magazine and barracks</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cannon_inside_Fort_Lennox.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cannon inside Fort Lennox."><img alt="Cannon inside Fort Lennox." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Cannon_inside_Fort_Lennox.JPG/120px-Cannon_inside_Fort_Lennox.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Cannon_inside_Fort_Lennox.JPG/180px-Cannon_inside_Fort_Lennox.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Cannon_inside_Fort_Lennox.JPG/240px-Cannon_inside_Fort_Lennox.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cannon inside Fort Lennox.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Lennox_1886.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fort Lennox, Isle-aux-Noix, QC, 1886, Henry Richard S. Bunnett, Oil on canvas."><img alt="Fort Lennox, Isle-aux-Noix, QC, 1886, Henry Richard S. Bunnett, Oil on canvas." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Fort_Lennox_1886.jpg/120px-Fort_Lennox_1886.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Fort_Lennox_1886.jpg/180px-Fort_Lennox_1886.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Fort_Lennox_1886.jpg/240px-Fort_Lennox_1886.jpg 2x" data-file-width="746" data-file-height="564" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fort Lennox, Isle-aux-Noix, QC, 1886, Henry Richard S. Bunnett, Oil on canvas.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inside_the_Fort_Lennox_Latrines.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Inside the soldiers' latrines in Fort Lennox."><img alt="Inside the soldiers' latrines in Fort Lennox." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Inside_the_Fort_Lennox_Latrines.JPG/120px-Inside_the_Fort_Lennox_Latrines.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Inside_the_Fort_Lennox_Latrines.JPG/180px-Inside_the_Fort_Lennox_Latrines.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Inside_the_Fort_Lennox_Latrines.JPG/240px-Inside_the_Fort_Lennox_Latrines.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inside the soldiers' latrines in Fort Lennox.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Lennox_Kitchen.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A soldiers' kitchen in Fort Lennox. Located in the casemate behind the barracks."><img alt="A soldiers' kitchen in Fort Lennox. Located in the casemate behind the barracks." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Fort_Lennox_Kitchen.JPG/120px-Fort_Lennox_Kitchen.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Fort_Lennox_Kitchen.JPG/180px-Fort_Lennox_Kitchen.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Fort_Lennox_Kitchen.JPG/240px-Fort_Lennox_Kitchen.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A soldiers' kitchen in Fort Lennox. Located in the casemate behind the barracks. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Lennox_Warehouse.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A warehouse located in the casemate behind the barracks of Fort Lennox."><img alt="A warehouse located in the casemate behind the barracks of Fort Lennox." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Fort_Lennox_Warehouse.JPG/120px-Fort_Lennox_Warehouse.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Fort_Lennox_Warehouse.JPG/180px-Fort_Lennox_Warehouse.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Fort_Lennox_Warehouse.JPG/240px-Fort_Lennox_Warehouse.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A warehouse located in the casemate behind the barracks of Fort Lennox. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Lennox_Powder_Magazine.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Inside the powder magazine at Fort Lennox."><img alt="Inside the powder magazine at Fort Lennox." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Fort_Lennox_Powder_Magazine.JPG/120px-Fort_Lennox_Powder_Magazine.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Fort_Lennox_Powder_Magazine.JPG/180px-Fort_Lennox_Powder_Magazine.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Fort_Lennox_Powder_Magazine.JPG/240px-Fort_Lennox_Powder_Magazine.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inside the powder magazine at Fort Lennox. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Entrance_of_Fort_Lennox.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Entrance of Fort Lennox built on Isle-aux-Noix on the Richelieu river."><img alt="Entrance of Fort Lennox built on Isle-aux-Noix on the Richelieu river." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Entrance_of_Fort_Lennox.JPG/90px-Entrance_of_Fort_Lennox.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Entrance_of_Fort_Lennox.JPG/135px-Entrance_of_Fort_Lennox.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Entrance_of_Fort_Lennox.JPG/180px-Entrance_of_Fort_Lennox.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Entrance of Fort Lennox built on Isle-aux-Noix on the Richelieu river.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Moat_around_Fort_Lennox.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Moat around Fort Lennox. On the left is the top of a chimney above a kitchen located in Fort Lennox."><img alt="Moat around Fort Lennox. On the left is the top of a chimney above a kitchen located in Fort Lennox." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Moat_around_Fort_Lennox.JPG/90px-Moat_around_Fort_Lennox.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Moat_around_Fort_Lennox.JPG/135px-Moat_around_Fort_Lennox.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Moat_around_Fort_Lennox.JPG/180px-Moat_around_Fort_Lennox.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Moat around Fort Lennox. On the left is the top of a chimney above a kitchen located in Fort Lennox. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Lennox.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint-Paul-de-l'Île-aux-Noix (Québec)"><img alt="Saint-Paul-de-l'Île-aux-Noix (Québec)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Fort_Lennox.jpg/120px-Fort_Lennox.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Fort_Lennox.jpg/180px-Fort_Lennox.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Fort_Lennox.jpg/240px-Fort_Lennox.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3136" data-file-height="2352" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Saint-Paul-de-l'Île-aux-Noix (Québec)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Lennox-Dortoir-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="One of the soldiers' barracks of the 24th Regiment at Fort Lennox"><img alt="One of the soldiers' barracks of the 24th Regiment at Fort Lennox" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Fort_Lennox-Dortoir-2.jpg/120px-Fort_Lennox-Dortoir-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Fort_Lennox-Dortoir-2.jpg/180px-Fort_Lennox-Dortoir-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Fort_Lennox-Dortoir-2.jpg/240px-Fort_Lennox-Dortoir-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3136" data-file-height="2352" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">One of the soldiers' barracks of the 24th Regiment at Fort Lennox </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Lennox_(septembre_2000)_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arcade at Fort Lennox, Province of Quebec"><img alt="Arcade at Fort Lennox, Province of Quebec" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Fort_Lennox_%28septembre_2000%29_%282%29.jpg/79px-Fort_Lennox_%28septembre_2000%29_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Fort_Lennox_%28septembre_2000%29_%282%29.jpg/118px-Fort_Lennox_%28septembre_2000%29_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Fort_Lennox_%28septembre_2000%29_%282%29.jpg/157px-Fort_Lennox_%28septembre_2000%29_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Arcade at Fort Lennox, Province of Quebec</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_British_fortifications">Second British fortifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ele_aux_Noix&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Second British fortifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the War of 1812, the race for <a href="/wiki/Naval" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval">naval</a> superiority in the area re-established the military importance of the island, which became the main support point for the British navy on this border. The flagship of the British squadron on Lake Champlain, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Confiance_(1814)" title="HMS Confiance (1814)">HMS <i>Confiance</i></a>, a 36 gun <a href="/wiki/5th_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="5th rate">5th rate</a> <a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">frigate</a>, became the largest vessel ever constructed at Île aux Noix. </p> <dl><dd><i><b>See</b> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plattsburgh" title="Battle of Plattsburgh">Battle of Lake Champlain</a></i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Postwar">Postwar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ele_aux_Noix&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Postwar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The postwar period provided another opportunity to rethink the defensive system on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_Richelieu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upper Richelieu (page does not exist)">Upper Richelieu</a> in the light of the experience acquired in the War of 1812. This time the endless debate between <a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu" title="Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu">Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> and Île aux Noix brought the engineer officers into direct opposition to the naval officers. The engineers favoured Saint-Jean because of the many possibilities of bypassing Île aux Noix, while the naval officers, convinced by the experiences of the recent war, preferred Île aux Noix because of its advantages against an operation over water. The latter were further favoured by the activities of the Americans a short distance from the border, since the construction of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Montgomery_(Lake_Champlain)" title="Fort Montgomery (Lake Champlain)">Fort Montgomery</a> provided the competent British authorities with an argument for supporting Île aux Noix. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Troops">Troops</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ele_aux_Noix&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Troops"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>French regulars</li> <li>British 1st Regiment of Foot (<a href="/wiki/Royal_Scots" title="Royal Scots">Royal Scots</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Internment_camp">Internment camp</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ele_aux_Noix&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Internment camp"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1940 the island was the home of an internment camp which held European Jewish refugees who had been forcibly removed from Britain. The camp was initially called Camp I, later Camp No. 41. Internees were treated as <a href="/wiki/Enemy_aliens" class="mw-redirect" title="Enemy aliens">enemy aliens</a>, and only after a year did the Canadian authorities begin to treat them as refugees. They were still not free to leave the camp, however, in some cases until 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ele_aux_Noix&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vhec.org/currentexhibits.html">"Current Exhibition"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Current+Exhibition&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vhec.org%2Fcurrentexhibits.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Ele+aux+Noix" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://postalhistorycorner.blogspot.ca/">http://postalhistorycorner.blogspot.ca/</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources#User-generated_content" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources"><span title="This reference citation appears to be to a user-generated source. (August 2022)">user-generated source</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jewishtribune.ca/uncategorized/2011/05/03/the-jews-that-churchill-deported-to-canada">http://www.jewishtribune.ca/uncategorized/2011/05/03/the-jews-that-churchill-deported-to-canada</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2022">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ele_aux_Noix&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Charbonneau, A. (1994). <i>The Fortifications of Île Aux Noix.</i> Supply and Services Canada. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-660-15194-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-660-15194-4">0-660-15194-4</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ele_aux_Noix&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_shipbuilders" title="Template:Canadian shipbuilders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canadian_shipbuilders" title="Template talk:Canadian shipbuilders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian_shipbuilders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian shipbuilders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Canadian_shipbuilders_and_shipyards" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Canadian shipbuilders and shipyards</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active shipbuilders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABCO_Industries" title="ABCO Industries">ABCO Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._F._Theriault_Shipyard" title="A. F. Theriault Shipyard">A.F. Theriault & Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Shipbuilders" title="Allied Shipbuilders">Allied Shipbuilders</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canoe_Cove_Manufacturing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canoe Cove Manufacturing (page does not exist)">Canoe Cove Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davie_Yards_Incorporated" title="Davie Yards Incorporated">Davie Yards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Shipyards" class="mw-redirect" title="Halifax Shipyards">Irving Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glovertown_Shipyard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glovertown Shipyard (page does not exist)">Glovertown Shipyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiewit_Corporation" title="Kiewit Corporation">Kiewit Offshore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marystown_Shipyard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marystown Shipyard (page does not exist)">Marystown Shipyard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MIL/Metal_Craft_Marine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MIL/Metal Craft Marine (page does not exist)">MIL/Metal Craft Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Atlantic" title="Marine Atlantic">Newdock</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pictou_Shipyards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pictou Shipyards (page does not exist)">Pictou Shipyards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Weller_Dry_Docks" title="Port Weller Dry Docks">Port Weller Dry Docks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaspan_Marine_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaspan Marine Corporation">Seaspan Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Drydock_Company" title="Toronto Drydock Company">Toronto Drydock</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vito_Steel_Boat_%26_Barge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vito Steel Boat & Barge (page does not exist)">Vito Steel Boat & Barge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct shipbuilders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albion_Iron_Works_(VMD)" class="mw-redirect" title="Albion Iron Works (VMD)">Albion Iron Works (VMD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Shipbuilders" title="Allied Shipbuilders">West Coast Shipbuilders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathurst_Street_Wharf" title="Bathurst Street Wharf">Bathurst Street Wharf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bel-Air_Shipyards_Limited&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bel-Air Shipyards Limited (page does not exist)">Bel-Air Shipyards Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertram_Engineering_Works_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bertram Engineering Works Company (page does not exist)">Bertram Engineering Works Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burrard_Dry_Dock" title="Burrard Dry Dock">Burrard Dry Dock</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Dredge_and_Dock_Limited&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canadian Dredge and Dock Limited (page does not exist)">Canadian Dredge and Dock Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Power_Boat_Company" title="Canadian Power Boat Company">Canadian Power Boat Company</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Shipbuilding_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canadian Shipbuilding Company (page does not exist)">Canadian Shipbuilding Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Vickers" title="Canadian Vickers">Canadian Vickers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collingwood_Shipyards" class="mw-redirect" title="Collingwood Shipyards">Collingwood Shipyards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davie_Shipbuilding" title="Davie Shipbuilding">Davie Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominion_Shipbuilding_and_Repair_Company_Limited&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dominion Shipbuilding and Repair Company Limited (page does not exist)">Dominion Shipbuilding and Repair Company Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dufferin_Shipbuilding_Company_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Dufferin Shipbuilding Company Limited">Dufferin Shipbuilding Company Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Equipment_Limited&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Equipment Limited (page does not exist)">Eastern Equipment Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_Industries_Limited&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferguson Industries Limited (page does not exist)">Ferguson Industries Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marystown_Shipyard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marystown Shipyard (page does not exist)">Friede Goldman Newfoundland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_Dock_Yard,_Sorel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government Dock Yard, Sorel (page does not exist)">Government Dock Yard, Sorel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halifax_Dartmouth_Industries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halifax Dartmouth Industries (page does not exist)">Halifax Dartmouth Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Coughlan_%26_Sons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. Coughlan & Sons (page does not exist)">J. Coughlan & Sons</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Doty_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Doty Company (page does not exist)">John Doty Company</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Manly%27s_Limited&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Manly's Limited (page does not exist)">John Manly's Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Industries" title="Marine Industries">Marine Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIL-Davie_Shipbuilding" title="MIL-Davie Shipbuilding">MIL-Davie Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_Engineering_and_Dry_Dock_Company" title="Morton Engineering and Dry Dock Company">Morton Engineering and Dry Dock Company</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navy_Island_Marine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navy Island Marine (page does not exist)">Navy Island Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CN_Marine" title="CN Marine">Newfoundland Dockyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Van_Ship_Repair" title="North Van Ship Repair">North Van Ship Repair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polson_Iron_Works" class="mw-redirect" title="Polson Iron Works">Polson Iron Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Arthur_Shipbuilding_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Arthur Shipbuilding Company">Port Arthur Shipbuilding Company</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prince_Rupert_Drydock_%26_Shipbuilding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prince Rupert Drydock & Shipbuilding (page does not exist)">Prince Rupert Drydock & Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russel_Brothers" title="Russel Brothers">Russel Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_John_Shipbuilding" title="Saint John Shipbuilding">Saint John Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Shipyards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Star Shipyards (page does not exist)">Star Shipyards</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thor_Iron_Works&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thor Iron Works (page does not exist)">Thor Iron Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Shipbuilding_Company_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Toronto Shipbuilding Company Limited">Toronto Shipbuilding Company Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toronto_Shipyards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toronto Shipyards (page does not exist)">Toronto Shipyards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Machinery_Depot" title="Victoria Machinery Depot">Victoria Machinery Depot</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Canada_Shipyards_Limited&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Canada Shipyards Limited (page does not exist)">Western Canada Shipyards Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Coast_Manly_Shipyards_Limited&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Coast Manly Shipyards Limited (page does not exist)">West Coast Manly Shipyards Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Dry_Dock_and_Shipbuilding_Company" title="Western Dry Dock and Shipbuilding Company">Western Dry Dock and Shipbuilding Company</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Lyall_Shipbuilding_Co&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Lyall Shipbuilding Co (page does not exist)">William Lyall Shipbuilding Co</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarrow_Shipbuilders#Yarrows_in_Canada" title="Yarrow Shipbuilders">Yarrow Shipyards (Canada)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic naval shipyards<br />and shipbuilding facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amherstburg_Royal_Naval_Dockyard" title="Amherstburg Royal Naval Dockyard">Amherstburg Royal Naval Dockyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esquimalt_Royal_Navy_Dockyard" title="Esquimalt Royal Navy Dockyard">Esquimalt Royal Navy Dockyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Saint-Jean_(Quebec)" title="Fort Saint-Jean (Quebec)">Fort Saint-Jean (Quebec)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Île aux Noix Naval Shipyards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_Royal_Naval_Dockyard" title="Kingston Royal Naval Dockyard">Kingston Royal Naval Dockyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Shipyards,_York_(Upper_Canada)" title="Naval Shipyards, York (Upper Canada)">Naval Shipyards, York (Upper Canada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy_Island_Royal_Naval_Shipyard" title="Navy Island Royal Naval Shipyard">Navy Island Royal Naval Shipyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penetanguishene_Naval_Yard" title="Penetanguishene Naval Yard">Penetanguishene Naval Yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Dockyard,_Halifax" title="Royal Naval Dockyard, Halifax">Royal Naval Dockyard, Halifax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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