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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Tim Bray</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tim_Bray.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Tim_Bray.jpg/220px-Tim_Bray.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Tim_Bray.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="338" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1955-06-21</span>) </span>June 21, 1955<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 69)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Fort_Vermilion" title="Fort Vermilion">Fort Vermilion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, Canada</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Guelph" title="University of Guelph">University of Guelph</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employers</th><td class="infobox-data org"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital Equipment Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo" title="University of Waterloo">University of Waterloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Maple" title="Waterloo Maple">Waterloo Maple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Text_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Text Corporation">Open Text Corporation</a><sup id="cite_ref-opentext_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opentext-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Antarctica Systems</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a><sup id="cite_ref-sun_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sun-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Digital_Media" title="Centre for Digital Media">Centre for Digital Media</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon.com</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Web_standards" title="Web standards">Web standards</a></li> <li>Co-author of <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> specification<sup id="cite_ref-dblp_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dblp-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-googlescholar_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-googlescholar-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-acm_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acm-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Lauren Wood</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tbray.org/ongoing">www<wbr />.tbray<wbr />.org<wbr />/ongoing</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Timothy William Bray</b> (born June 21, 1955) is a Canadian software developer, environmentalist, political activist and one of the co-authors of the original <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> <a href="/wiki/Specification" class="mw-redirect" title="Specification">specification</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He worked for <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon Web Services</a> from December 2014 until May 2020 when he quit due to concerns over the terminating of whistleblowers.<sup id="cite_ref-Bray_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bray-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bray2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bray2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previously he has been employed by <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a> and <a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)</a>. Bray has also founded or co-founded several start-ups such as Antarctica Systems.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_early_life">Education and early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tim_Bray&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Education and early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Bray was born on June 21, 1955<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, Canada where his father worked for the Dominion Experimental Farm Service in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Vermilion" title="Fort Vermilion">Fort Vermilion</a>. He grew up in <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>, Lebanon, and returned to Canada to attend school at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Guelph" title="University of Guelph">University of Guelph</a> in <a href="/wiki/Guelph" title="Guelph">Guelph</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He graduated in 1981 with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">Bachelor of Science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Double_majors_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Double majors in the United States">double majoring</a> in mathematics and computer Science. In 2009, he would return to Guelph to receive an honorary doctorate.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tim described his switch of focus from math to computer science this way: </p><blockquote><p>"In math I’d worked like a dog for my Cs, but in CS I worked much less for As—and learned that you got paid well for doing it."<sup id="cite_ref-apple_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apple-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tim_Bray&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bray joined <a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital Equipment Corporation</a> (DEC) in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> as a software specialist. In 1983, Bray left DEC for Microtel Pacific Research. He joined the New <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary (OED)</a> project at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo" title="University of Waterloo">University of Waterloo</a> in 1987 as its manager.<sup id="cite_ref-oed_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was during this time Bray worked with <a href="/wiki/SGML" class="mw-redirect" title="SGML">SGML</a>, a technology that would later become central to both <a href="/wiki/Open_Text_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Text Corporation">Open Text Corporation</a> and his XML and <a href="/wiki/Atom_(standard)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atom (standard)">Atom standardization</a> work.<sup id="cite_ref-dblp_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dblp-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-acm_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acm-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bray co-founded <a href="#Antarctica_Systems">Antarctica Systems</a> - in 2002, during his tenure as CEO for Antarctica, Bray was included in <a href="/wiki/Upside_(magazine)" title="Upside (magazine)">Upside magazine's</a> <i>elite 100</i> list, alongside other IT leaders like <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dell" title="Michael Dell">Michael Dell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Larry_Ellison" title="Larry Ellison">Larry Ellison</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bray was director of Web Technologies at <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a> from early 2004 to early 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-sun_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sun-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He joined <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> as a developer advocate in 2010 focusing on <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>, and then on technologies related to <i>identity</i>, such as <a href="/wiki/OAuth" title="OAuth">OAuth</a> and <a href="/wiki/OpenID" title="OpenID">OpenID</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-dblp_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dblp-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-googlescholar_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-googlescholar-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-acm_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acm-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He left Google in March 2014, unwilling to relocate to <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a> from <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He started working for <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon Web Services</a> (AWS) in December 2014. Bray left AWS in May 2020, after being dismayed by Amazon's treatment of <a href="/wiki/Whistleblower" class="mw-redirect" title="Whistleblower">whistleblowers</a> who had raised concerns over the safety of warehouse workers in relation to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>. Bray had held the <a href="/wiki/Vice_president" title="Vice president">vice president</a> rank, stating on his blog that "VPs shouldn't go publicly rogue", and had much praise for AWS, yet he wasn't pleased about his co-workers being fired.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bray_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bray-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bray's entrepreneurial activities include: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Waterloo_Maple">Waterloo Maple</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tim_Bray&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Waterloo Maple"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bray served as the part-time <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">chief executive officer</a> of <a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Maple" title="Waterloo Maple">Waterloo Maple</a> during 1989–1990. Waterloo Maple is the developer of the <a href="/wiki/Maple_(software)" title="Maple (software)">Maple</a> mathematical software. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Open_Text_Corporation">Open Text Corporation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tim_Bray&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Open Text Corporation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bray left the new OED project in 1989 to co-found <a href="/wiki/Open_Text_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Text Corporation">Open Text Corporation</a> with two colleagues. Open Text commercialised the search engine employed in the new OED project. </p><p>Bray recalled that “in 1994 I heard a conference speaker say that search engines would be big on the Internet, and in five seconds all the pieces just fell into place in my head. I realized that we could build such a thing with our technology.”<sup id="cite_ref-apple_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apple-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus in 1995, Open Text released the Open Text Index, one of the first popular commercial <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">web</a> <a href="/wiki/Search_engine" title="Search engine">search engines</a>. Open Text Corporation is publicly traded on the Nasdaq under the symbol OTEX. From 1991 until 1996, Bray was senior vice president—technology'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Textuality">Textuality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tim_Bray&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Textuality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bray, along with his wife Lauren Wood, ran Textuality,<sup id="cite_ref-textuality_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-textuality-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a consulting practice in the field of web and publishing technology. He was contracted by <a href="/wiki/Netscape" title="Netscape">Netscape</a> in 1999, along with <a href="/wiki/Ramanathan_V._Guha" title="Ramanathan V. Guha">Ramanathan V. Guha</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-googlescholar_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-googlescholar-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in part to create a new version of the <a href="/wiki/Meta_Content_Framework" title="Meta Content Framework">Meta Content Framework</a> called <a href="/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework" title="Resource Description Framework">Resource Description Framework</a>, which used the XML language. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antarctica_Systems">Antarctica Systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tim_Bray&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Antarctica Systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1999 he founded Antarctica Systems, a Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada-based company that specializes in visualization-based business analytics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Web_standards">Web standards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tim_Bray&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Web standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bray has contributed to standards in technology, particularly <a href="/wiki/Web_standards" title="Web standards">Web standards</a> at the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a> (W3C). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XML">XML</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tim_Bray&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: XML"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As an Invited Expert at the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a> between 1996 and 1999, Bray co-edited the <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> and <a href="/wiki/XML_namespace" title="XML namespace">XML namespace</a> specifications. Halfway through the project Bray accepted a consulting engagement with <a href="/wiki/Netscape" title="Netscape">Netscape</a>, provoking vociferous protests from Netscape competitor <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> (who had supported the initial moves to bring <a href="/wiki/SGML" class="mw-redirect" title="SGML">SGML</a> to the web.)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Bray was temporarily asked to resign the editorship. This led to intense dispute in the Working Group, eventually solved by the appointment of Microsoft's <a href="/wiki/Jean_Paoli" title="Jean Paoli">Jean Paoli</a> as third co-editor. </p><p>In 2001, Bray wrote an article called <i>Taxi to the Future</i> <sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for Xml.com which proposed a means to improve web client user experience and web server system performance via a <i>Transform-Aggregate-send XML-Interact</i> architecture—this proposed system is very similar to the <a href="/wiki/Ajax_(programming)" title="Ajax (programming)">Ajax</a> paradigm, popularized around 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="W3C_TAG">W3C TAG</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tim_Bray&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: W3C TAG"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between 2001 and 2004<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he served as a <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> appointee<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the <a href="/wiki/W3C" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C</a> <a href="/wiki/Technical_Architecture_Group" title="Technical Architecture Group">Technical Architecture Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Atom">Atom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tim_Bray&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Atom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until October 2007, Bray was co-chair, with Paul Hoffman, of the <a href="/wiki/Atom_(standard)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atom (standard)">Atom</a>-focused Atompub Working Group of the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a>. Atom is a web syndication format developed to address perceived deficiencies with the <a href="/wiki/RSS_(file_format)" class="mw-redirect" title="RSS (file format)">RSS 2.0 format</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="JSON">JSON</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tim_Bray&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: JSON"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bray worked with the IETF JSON Working Group in 2013 and 2014, serving as editor of RFC 7159, a specification of the JSON Data Interchange Format which revised RFC 4627 and highlighted interoperability best practices, released in March 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also edited RFC 8259, a further revision of JSON.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Software">Software</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tim_Bray&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bray has written software applications, including Bonnie which was the inspiration for <a href="/wiki/Bonnie%2B%2B" title="Bonnie++">Bonnie++</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> <a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">file system</a> <a href="/wiki/Benchmarking" title="Benchmarking">benchmarking</a> tool; Lark, the first <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> <a href="/wiki/Parser" class="mw-redirect" title="Parser">processor</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and APE, the Atom Protocol Exerciser.<sup id="cite_ref-software_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-software-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tim_Bray&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Environmentalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tim-at-protect-the-inlet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Tim-at-protect-the-inlet.jpg/220px-Tim-at-protect-the-inlet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Tim-at-protect-the-inlet.jpg/330px-Tim-at-protect-the-inlet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Tim-at-protect-the-inlet.jpg/440px-Tim-at-protect-the-inlet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6971" data-file-height="4429" /></a><figcaption>Bray being arrested at the <a href="/wiki/Trans_Mountain_Pipeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans Mountain Pipeline">Trans Mountain Pipeline</a> protest in 2019</figcaption></figure> <p>Starting in 2018, Bray became visible as an environmentalist in the context of the <a href="/wiki/Trans_Mountain_Pipeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans Mountain Pipeline">Trans Mountain Pipeline</a> dispute. On April 18, 2018, he was arrested for contempt of court at a demonstration at the Trans Mountain site in Burnaby, Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also participated in an open letter from business leaders to the British Columbia government<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was subsequently a public voice against the project.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, Bray was the only VP-level Amazon employee to sign a letter to Amazon shareholders calling for a stop to Amazon Web Services' support for oil extraction.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tim_Bray&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Waterloo_people" title="List of University of Waterloo people">List of University of Waterloo people</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tim_Bray&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-opentext-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-opentext_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBray1996" class="citation journal cs1">Bray, T. (1996). "Measuring the Web". <i>Computer Networks and ISDN Systems</i>. <b>28</b> (<span class="nowrap">7–</span>11): <span class="nowrap">993–</span>1005. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0169-7552%2896%2900061-X">10.1016/0169-7552(96)00061-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computer+Networks+and+ISDN+Systems&rft.atitle=Measuring+the+Web&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E7%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E11&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E993-%3C%2Fspan%3E1005&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0169-7552%2896%2900061-X&rft.aulast=Bray&rft.aufirst=T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Bray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sun-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sun_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sun_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhareBarrBakerBosworth2005" class="citation book cs1">Khare, R.; Barr, J.; Baker, M.; Bosworth, A.; Bray, T.; McManus, J. (2005). "Web services considered harmful?". <i>Special interest tracks and posters of the 14th international conference on World Wide Web - WWW '05</i>. p. 800. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F1062745.1062758">10.1145/1062745.1062758</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1595930514" title="Special:BookSources/978-1595930514"><bdi>978-1595930514</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:13543260">13543260</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Web+services+considered+harmful%3F&rft.btitle=Special+interest+tracks+and+posters+of+the+14th+international+conference+on+World+Wide+Web+-+WWW+%2705&rft.pages=800&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A13543260%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F1062745.1062758&rft.isbn=978-1595930514&rft.aulast=Khare&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Barr%2C+J.&rft.au=Baker%2C+M.&rft.au=Bosworth%2C+A.&rft.au=Bray%2C+T.&rft.au=McManus%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Bray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/201x/2014/05/13/Professor-of-Glass">Teaching Glass</a>, Ongoing, 2014-05-13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dblp-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dblp_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dblp_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dblp_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dblp.org/pid/87/3386">Tim Bray</a> at <a href="/wiki/DBLP_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="DBLP (identifier)">DBLP</a> Bibliography Server <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502402#P2456" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-googlescholar-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-googlescholar_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-googlescholar_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-googlescholar_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=tim+bray">Tim Bray in Google Scholar</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-acm-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-acm_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-acm_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-acm_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dl.acm.org/author_page.cfm?id=81100100902">Tim Bray</a> author profile page at the <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">ACM</a> Digital Library</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoger_Debreceny2009" class="citation book cs1">Roger Debreceny (2009-06-18). <i>XBRL for Interactive Data</i>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783642014376" title="Special:BookSources/9783642014376"><bdi>9783642014376</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=XBRL+for+Interactive+Data&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2009-06-18&rft.isbn=9783642014376&rft.au=Roger+Debreceny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Bray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bray-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bray_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bray_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBray2014" class="citation web cs1">Bray, Tim (December 1, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/201x/2014/12/01/Amazonian">"Amazonian"</a>. <i>Ongoing</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ongoing&rft.atitle=Amazonian&rft.date=2014-12-01&rft.aulast=Bray&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tbray.org%2Fongoing%2FWhen%2F201x%2F2014%2F12%2F01%2FAmazonian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Bray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bray2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bray2_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBray2020" class="citation web cs1">Bray, Tim (April 29, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/202x/2020/04/29/Leaving-Amazon">"Leaving Amazon"</a>. <i>Ongoing</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ongoing&rft.atitle=Leaving+Amazon&rft.date=2020-04-29&rft.aulast=Bray&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tbray.org%2Fongoing%2FWhen%2F202x%2F2020%2F04%2F29%2FLeaving-Amazon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Bray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoq.com/interviews/tim_bray_rails_and_more">Interview with Tim Bray</a> from Canada on Rails 2006, discussing <a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruby_on_Rails" title="Ruby on Rails">Rails</a>, <a href="/wiki/REST" title="REST">REST</a>, <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> and <a href="/wiki/Java_(software_platform)" title="Java (software platform)">Java</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://events.carsonified.com/fowa/2008/london/videos/tim-bray/">Tim Bray @ FOWA Expo 08 — The Fear Factor</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoq.com/interviews/tim-bray-future-of-web">Interview with Tim Bray</a> from QCon San Francisco 2008, discussing the future of the web</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBray" class="citation web cs1">Bray, Tim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/201x/2015/06/24/The-new-40">"The New 40"</a>. <i>Ongoing</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ongoing&rft.atitle=The+New+40&rft.aulast=Bray&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tbray.org%2Fongoing%2FWhen%2F201x%2F2015%2F06%2F24%2FThe-new-40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Bray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeise2020" class="citation news cs1">Weise, Karen (22 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/22/technology/amazon-critic-tim-bray.html">"The Amazon Critic Who Saw Its Power From the Inside"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Amazon+Critic+Who+Saw+Its+Power+From+the+Inside&rft.date=2020-07-22&rft.aulast=Weise&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F07%2F22%2Ftechnology%2Famazon-critic-tim-bray.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Bray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uoguelph.ca/news/2009/06/eight_to_receiv.html">"Eight to Receive Honorary Degrees"</a>. June 1, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eight+to+Receive+Honorary+Degrees&rft.date=2009-06-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uoguelph.ca%2Fnews%2F2009%2F06%2Feight_to_receiv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Bray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-apple-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-apple_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-apple_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoe_Cellini" class="citation web cs1">Joe Cellini. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040404093431/http://www.apple.com/science/profiles/bray/">"Tim Bray: Biomedical Visualization"</a>. Apple Inc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/science/profiles/bray/">the original</a> on 2004-04-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tim+Bray%3A+Biomedical+Visualization&rft.pub=Apple+Inc.&rft.au=Joe+Cellini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fscience%2Fprofiles%2Fbray%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Bray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oed-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oed_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlakeBrayTompa1992" class="citation journal cs1">Blake, G. E.; Bray, T.; Tompa, F. W. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F146760.146764">"Shortening the OED: Experience with a grammar-defined database"</a>. <i>ACM Transactions on Information Systems</i>. <b>10</b> (3): 213. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F146760.146764">10.1145/146760.146764</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:16859602">16859602</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACM+Transactions+on+Information+Systems&rft.atitle=Shortening+the+OED%3A+Experience+with+a+grammar-defined+database&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=213&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F146760.146764&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A16859602%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Blake&rft.aufirst=G.+E.&rft.au=Bray%2C+T.&rft.au=Tompa%2C+F.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F146760.146764&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Bray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geospatialworld.net/news/antarcti-ca-ceo-tim-bray-joins-technologys-elite/">"Antarcti.ca CEO Tim Bray joins technology's elite"</a>. geospatialworld.net. 23 January 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Antarcti.ca+CEO+Tim+Bray+joins+technology%27s+elite&rft.pub=geospatialworld.net&rft.date=2002-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geospatialworld.net%2Fnews%2Fantarcti-ca-ceo-tim-bray-joins-technologys-elite%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Bray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTim_Bray2010" class="citation web cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tim Bray</a> (2010-03-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019083421/http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/201x/2012/06/29/Becoming-an-Identity-guy">"Now A No-Evil Zone"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BNN+Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Hundreds+of+business+leaders+urge+B.C.%27s+Horgan+to+keep+up+Trans+Mountain+fight&rft.date=2018-04-19&rft.aulast=Gibillini&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnnbloomberg.ca%2Fhundreds-of-business-leaders-urge-b-c-s-horgan-to-keep-up-trans-mountain-fight-1.1061836&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Bray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErlichman2018" class="citation web cs1">Erlichman, Jon (31 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/video/trans-mountain-nationalization-a-grave-mistake-open-text-co-founder~1406874">"Trans Mountain nationalization a 'grave mistake': Open Text co-founder"</a>. <i>BNN Bloomberg</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BNN+Bloomberg&rft.atitle=OpenText+co-founder+Tim+Bray+throws+support+behind+B.C.+Premier+Horgan+on+Trans+Mountain&rft.date=2018-04-20&rft.aulast=Erlichmann&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnnbloomberg.ca%2Fvideo%2Fopentext-co-founder-tim-bray-throws-support-behind-b-c-premier-horgan-on-trans-mountain~1375831&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Bray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerchant2019" class="citation web cs1">Merchant, Brian (12 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gizmodo.com/6-000-amazon-employees-including-a-vp-and-directors-n-1834001079">"6,000 Amazon Employees, Including a VP and Directors, Are Now Calling on Jeff Bezos to Stop Automating Oil Extraction"</a>. <i>Gizmodo</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gizmodo&rft.atitle=6%2C000+Amazon+Employees%2C+Including+a+VP+and+Directors%2C+Are+Now+Calling+on+Jeff+Bezos+to+Stop+Automating+Oil+Extraction&rft.date=2019-04-12&rft.aulast=Merchant&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgizmodo.com%2F6-000-amazon-employees-including-a-vp-and-directors-n-1834001079&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Bray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:OpenText_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/OpenText_logo.svg/170px-OpenText_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/OpenText_logo.svg/255px-OpenText_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/OpenText_logo.svg/340px-OpenText_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="447" data-file-height="85" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArcSight" title="ArcSight">ArcSight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentum" title="Documentum">Documentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GroupWise" title="GroupWise">GroupWise</a></li> <li>IDOL</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LoadRunner" title="LoadRunner">LoadRunner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetIQ_eDirectory" title="NetIQ eDirectory">NetIQ eDirectory</a></li> <li>opentext.ai</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenText_ALM" title="OpenText ALM">OpenText ALM</a></li> <li>OpenText Business Network</li> <li>OpenText Content Suite</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenText_Data_Protector" title="OpenText Data Protector">OpenText Data Protector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenText_Quality_Center" title="OpenText Quality Center">OpenText Quality Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenText_SiteScope" title="OpenText SiteScope">OpenText SiteScope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenText_Together" title="OpenText Together">OpenText Together</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Enterprise_Server" title="Open Enterprise Server">Open Enterprise Server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Central" title="Silk Central">Silk Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Performer" title="Silk Performer">Silk Performer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Test" title="Silk Test">Silk Test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StarTeam" title="StarTeam">StarTeam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UFT_One" title="UFT One">UFT One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertica" title="Vertica">Vertica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visibroker" title="Visibroker">Visibroker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZENworks" title="ZENworks">ZENworks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Acquisitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HP_Autonomy" title="HP Autonomy">Autonomy Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbonite,_Inc." title="Carbonite, Inc.">Carbonite, Inc.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Webroot" title="Webroot">Webroot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Baan" title="Jan Baan">Cordys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covisint" title="Covisint">Covisint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guidance_Software" title="Guidance Software">Guidance Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GXS_Inc." title="GXS Inc.">GXS Inc.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harbinger_Corporation" title="Harbinger Corporation">Harbinger Corporation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hummingbird_Ltd." title="Hummingbird Ltd.">Hummingbird Ltd.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro_Focus" title="Micro Focus">Micro Focus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Attachmate_Group" title="The Attachmate Group">The Attachmate Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attachmate" title="Attachmate">Attachmate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borland" title="Borland">Borland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortify_Software" title="Fortify Software">Fortify Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP_IT_Management_Software" title="HP IT Management Software">HP IT Management Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Interactive" title="Mercury Interactive">Mercury Interactive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetIQ" title="NetIQ">NetIQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novell" title="Novell">Novell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unix_System_Laboratories" title="Unix System Laboratories">Unix System Laboratories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Systems" title="Peregrine Systems">Peregrine Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlateSpin" class="mw-redirect" title="PlateSpin">PlateSpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opsware" title="Opsware">Opsware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serena_Software" title="Serena Software">Serena Software</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vignette_Corporation" title="Vignette Corporation">Vignette Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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