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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Wife of Benigno Aquino Jr.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wife_of_Benigno_Aquino_Jr.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1986_presidential_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1986_presidential_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>1986 presidential campaign</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1986_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 1986 presidential campaign subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-1986_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Accession_as_president" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accession_as_president"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Accession as president</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accession_as_president-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidency_(1986–1992)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidency_(1986–1992)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Presidency (1986–1992)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Presidency_(1986–1992)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Presidency (1986–1992) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Presidency_(1986–1992)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transitional_government_and_creation_of_new_constitution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transitional_government_and_creation_of_new_constitution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Transitional government and creation of new constitution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transitional_government_and_creation_of_new_constitution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_reforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_reforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Legal reforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_reforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Socio-economic_policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Socio-economic_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Socio-economic policies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Socio-economic_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-De-monopolization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De-monopolization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>De-monopolization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De-monopolization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Debt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Debt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>Debt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Debt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agrarian_reform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agrarian_reform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.3</span> <span>Agrarian reform</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agrarian_reform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coup_attempts_on_Aquino_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coup_attempts_on_Aquino_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Coup attempts on Aquino government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coup_attempts_on_Aquino_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mendiola_massacre_and_cabinet_infighting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mendiola_massacre_and_cabinet_infighting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Mendiola massacre and cabinet infighting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mendiola_massacre_and_cabinet_infighting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peace_talks_with_Moro_and_communist_insurgencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peace_talks_with_Moro_and_communist_insurgencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Peace talks with Moro and communist insurgencies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peace_talks_with_Moro_and_communist_insurgencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Closing_of_United_States_military_bases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Closing_of_United_States_military_bases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Closing of United States military bases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Closing_of_United_States_military_bases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_disasters_and_calamities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_disasters_and_calamities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Natural disasters and calamities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_disasters_and_calamities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electrical_power_grid_inadequacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electrical_power_grid_inadequacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Electrical power grid inadequacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electrical_power_grid_inadequacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_in_1992_presidential_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_in_1992_presidential_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Influence in 1992 presidential election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_in_1992_presidential_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration_and_cabinet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration_and_cabinet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.11</span> <span>Administration and cabinet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration_and_cabinet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-presidency_(1992-2009)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-presidency_(1992-2009)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Post-presidency (1992-2009)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Post-presidency_(1992-2009)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Post-presidency (1992-2009) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Post-presidency_(1992-2009)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Domestic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Domestic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>International</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Charitable_and_social_initiatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charitable_and_social_initiatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Charitable and social initiatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charitable_and_social_initiatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Illness_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illness_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Illness and death</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Illness_and_death-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Illness and death subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Illness_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wake_and_funeral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wake_and_funeral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Wake and funeral</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wake_and_funeral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reaction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reaction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Reaction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reaction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_reaction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_reaction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>National reaction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_reaction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_reaction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_reaction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2</span> <span>International reaction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_reaction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Legacy and honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_achievements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_achievements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Awards and achievements</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Awards_and_achievements-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Awards and achievements subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_achievements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>National</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Foreign honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Recognition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honorary_doctorates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honorary_doctorates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Honorary doctorates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honorary_doctorates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Corazon Aquino</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 95 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-95" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">95 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88" title="كورازون أكينو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كورازون أكينو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraz%C3%B3n_Aquino" title="Corazón Aquino – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Corazón Aquino" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraz%C3%B3n_Aquino" title="Corazón Aquino – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Corazón Aquino" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korason_Akino" title="Korason Akino – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Korason Akino" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B" title="কোরাজন অ্যাকুইনো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কোরাজন অ্যাকুইনো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Корасон Акино – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Корасон Акино" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Карасон Акіна – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Карасон Акіна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Корасон Акино – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Корасон Акино" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraz%C3%B3n_Aquino" title="Corazón Aquino – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Corazón Aquino" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cory_Aquino" title="Cory Aquino – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Cory Aquino" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquinov%C3%A1" title="Corazon Aquinová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Corazon Aquinová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%8C%CE%BD_%CE%91%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Κορασόν Ακίνο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κορασόν Ακίνο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraz%C3%B3n_Aquino" title="Corazón Aquino – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Corazón Aquino" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraz%C3%B3n_Aquino" title="Corazón Aquino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Corazón Aquino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraz%C3%B3n_Aquino" title="Corazón Aquino – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Corazón Aquino" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A2%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88" title="کرازون آکینو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کرازون آکینو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraz%C3%B3n_Aquino" title="Corazón Aquino – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Corazón Aquino" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%9D%BC%EC%86%90_%EC%95%84%ED%82%A4%EB%85%B8" title="코라손 아키노 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코라손 아키노" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D4%B1%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B8" title="Կորասոն Ակինո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կորասոն Ակինո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B" title="कोराज़ोन एक्विनो – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कोराज़ोन एक्विनो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraz%C3%B3n_Aquino" title="Corazón Aquino – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Corazón Aquino" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95" title="קורסון אקינו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קורסון אקינו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D" title="კორასონ აკინო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კორასონ აკინო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Корасон Акино – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Корасон Акино" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Корасон Акино – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Корасон Акино" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraz%C3%B3n_Aquino" title="Corazón Aquino – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Corazón Aquino" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korasona_Akino" title="Korasona Akino – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Korasona Akino" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraz%C3%B3n_Aquino" title="Corazón Aquino – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Corazón Aquino" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraz%C3%B3n_Aquino" title="Corazón Aquino – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Corazón Aquino" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Корасон Акино – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Корасон Акино" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8A" title="കൊറാസൺ അക്വിനൊ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കൊറാസൺ അക്വിനൊ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B" title="कोराझोन एक्विनो – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कोराझोन एक्विनो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88" title="كورازون اكينو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كورازون اكينو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Корасон Акино – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Корасон Акино" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF" title="အာကီနို – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အာကီနို" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AD%E3%83%8E" title="コラソン・アキノ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コラソン・アキノ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraz%C3%B3n_Aquino" title="Corazón Aquino – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Corazón Aquino" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraz%C3%B3n_Aquino" title="Corazón Aquino – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Corazón Aquino" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%93_%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%BC" title="កូរ៉ាហ្សុន អាគីណូ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កូរ៉ាហ្សុន អាគីណូ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraz%C3%B3n_Aquino" title="Corazón Aquino – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Corazón Aquino" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraz%C3%B3n_Aquino" title="Corazón Aquino – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Corazón Aquino" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE,_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Акино, Корасон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Акино, Корасон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquinov%C3%A1" title="Corazon Aquinová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Corazon Aquinová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%86%D9%86_%D8%A6%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%86" title="کۆرازۆن ئەکینۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆرازۆن ئەکینۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Коразон Акино – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Коразон Акино" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8B" title="கொரசோன் அக்கினோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கொரசோன் அக்கினோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99" title="คอราซอน อากีโน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คอราซอน อากีโน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Коразун Акину – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Коразун Акину" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Corazon_Aquino" title="Maria Corazon Aquino – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Maria Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Корасон Акіно – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Корасон Акіно" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88" title="کوریزون اکینو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کوریزون اکینو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Corazon Aquino" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraz%C3%B3n_Aquino" title="Corazón Aquino – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Corazón Aquino" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%8B%89%E6%9D%BE%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%BA" title="科拉松·阿基诺 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="科拉松·阿基诺" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%90" title="קארי אקינא – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קארי אקינא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%8B%89%E6%A1%91" title="科拉桑 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="科拉桑" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E6%8B%89%E8%93%89%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E5%A5%8E%E8%AB%BE" title="柯拉蓉·艾奎諾 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="柯拉蓉·艾奎諾" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cory_Aquino&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Cory Aquino">Cory Aquino</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">President of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Filipino_name" title="Filipino name">Philippine name</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wife" title="Wife">married women</a>, the birth <a href="/wiki/Middle_name" title="Middle name">middle name</a> or maternal <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">family name</a> is <i><a href="/wiki/Sumulong" title="Sumulong">Sumulong</a></i>, the birth surname or paternal family name is <i><a href="/wiki/Cojuangco" title="Cojuangco">Cojuangco</a></i>, and the <a href="/wiki/Maiden_and_married_names" title="Maiden and married names">marital name</a> is <i><a href="/wiki/Aquino_family" title="Aquino family">Aquino</a></i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Corazon Aquino</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg/220px-Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg/330px-Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg/440px-Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg 2x" data-file-width="894" data-file-height="1192" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Aquino in 1986</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">11th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President of the Philippines</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />February 25, 1986 – June 30, 1992</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Salvador Laurel (Feb.–Mar. 1986)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Vice President of the Philippines">Vice President</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Laurel" title="Salvador Laurel">Salvador Laurel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel V. Ramos</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Maria Corazon Sumulong Cojuangco</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1933-01-25</span>)</span>January 25, 1933<br /><a href="/wiki/Paniqui" title="Paniqui">Paniqui, Tarlac</a>, Philippines<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">August 1, 2009<span style="display:none">(2009-08-01)</span> (aged 76)<br /><a href="/wiki/Makati" title="Makati">Makati</a>, Philippines</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Manila_Memorial_Park_%E2%80%93_Sucat" title="Manila Memorial Park – Sucat">Manila Memorial Park – Sucat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque" title="Parañaque">Parañaque</a>, Philippines</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/PDP%E2%80%93Laban" class="mw-redirect" title="PDP–Laban">PDP–Laban</a> (1986–2009)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Nationalist_Democratic_Organization" title="United Nationalist Democratic Organization">UNIDO</a> (1986–88)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ninoy_Aquino" title="Ninoy Aquino">Ninoy Aquino</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1954; <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Ninoy_Aquino" title="Assassination of Ninoy Aquino">died</a> 1983)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>Maria Elena Aquino-Cruz</li> <li>Aurora Corazon Aquino-Abellada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno Simeon Aquino III</a></li> <li>Victoria Elisa Aquino-Dee</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kris_Aquino" title="Kris Aquino">Kristina Bernadette Aquino</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Cojuangco" title="José Cojuangco">José Cojuangco</a> (father)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cojuangco" title="Cojuangco">Cojuangco family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquino_family" title="Aquino family">Aquino family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_C._Reyes" title="Josephine C. Reyes">Josephine C. Reyes</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peping_Cojuangco" title="Peping Cojuangco">Jose Cojuangco Jr.</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Sumulong" title="Juan Sumulong">Juan Sumulong</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Sumulong" title="Lorenzo Sumulong">Lorenzo Sumulong</a> (uncle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Sumulong" title="Victor Sumulong">Victor Sumulong</a> (first cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_W._Diokno" title="Jose W. Diokno">Jose W. Diokno</a> (sixth cousin twice removed)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/College_of_Mount_Saint_Vincent" class="mw-redirect" title="College of Mount Saint Vincent">College of Mount Saint Vincent</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_University" title="Far Eastern University">Far Eastern University</a> (no degree)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Politician</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data">Housewife<br />Activist</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aquino_Sig.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Corazon Aquino's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Aquino_Sig.svg/128px-Aquino_Sig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Aquino_Sig.svg/192px-Aquino_Sig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Aquino_Sig.svg/256px-Aquino_Sig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1171" data-file-height="297" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coryaquino.ph/">coryaquino<wbr />.ph</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nickname</th><td class="infobox-data">Cory</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157919884">.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person{border:4px double #d69d36}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-title{font-size:110%;padding:0;line-height:150%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title-image{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:5px}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title>div{font-size:88%;line-height:normal}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-content{padding:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-navbar{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-person vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color:#002466;color:inherit;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg/75px-Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg/113px-Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg/150px-Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg 2x" data-file-width="894" data-file-height="1192" /></a></span></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color:#002466;color: #FFF;"><div><span class="tmp-color" style="color: #FFF">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FFF; text-decoration: inherit;">Corazon Aquino</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Early_life_and_education">Early Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aquino_family" title="Category:Aquino family">Family</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1986_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1986 Philippine presidential election">1986 Philippine presidential election</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>President of the Philippines</b> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Corazon_Aquino" title="Presidency of Corazon Aquino">Presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_by_Corazon_Aquino" title="List of executive orders by Corazon Aquino">Executive orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_rebellion_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist rebellion in the Philippines">Communist insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_conflict" title="Moro conflict">Moro conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986%E2%80%9390_Philippine_coup_attempts" class="mw-redirect" title="1986–90 Philippine coup attempts">1986–90 coup attempts</a> <br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendiola_massacre" title="Mendiola massacre">Mendiola massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Philippines" title="Constitution of the Philippines">1987 Philippine Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Agrarian_Reform_Program" title="Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program">Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Philippine_coup_attempt" title="1989 Philippine coup attempt">1989 civil unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Luzon_earthquake" title="1990 Luzon earthquake">1990 Luzon earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_eruption_of_Mount_Pinatubo" title="1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo">1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Post-Presidency</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Corazon_Aquino" title="Death and funeral of Corazon Aquino">Death and Funeral</a></li></ul> <hr /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prior_Pres_Seal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Prior_Pres_Seal.png/40px-Prior_Pres_Seal.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Prior_Pres_Seal.png/60px-Prior_Pres_Seal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Prior_Pres_Seal.png/80px-Prior_Pres_Seal.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Corazon_C._Aquino_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Corazon C. Aquino series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Corazon_C._Aquino_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Corazon C. Aquino series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Corazon_C._Aquino_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Corazon C. Aquino series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Maria Corazon</b> "<b>Cory</b>" <b>Sumulong Cojuangco-Aquino</b><sup id="cite_ref-nhcp_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhcp-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Legion_of_Honor" title="Philippine Legion of Honor">CCLH</a></span> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Tagalog:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="tl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tagalog" title="Help:IPA/Tagalog">[kɔɾaˈsɔn<span class="wrap"> </span>kɔˈhwaŋkɔ<span class="wrap"> </span>aˈkino]</a></span>; January 25, 1933 – August 1, 2009) was a Filipino politician who served as the eleventh <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the Philippines">President of the Philippines</a> from <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Corazon_Aquino" title="Presidency of Corazon Aquino">1986 to 1992</a>. She was the most prominent figure of the 1986 <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a>, which ended the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1965%E2%80%931986)" title="History of the Philippines (1965–1986)">two-decade rule</a> of President <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> and led to the establishment of the current democratic <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1986%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the Philippines (1986–present)">Fifth Philippine Republic</a>. </p><p>Corazon Aquino was married to <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Benigno Aquino Jr.">Benigno Aquino Jr.</a>, who was one of the most prominent critics of President Marcos. After the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Benigno_Aquino_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Assassination of Benigno Aquino Jr.">assassination of her husband</a> on August 21, 1983, she emerged as leader of the opposition against the president. In late 1985, Marcos called for a <a href="/wiki/Snap_election" title="Snap election">snap election</a>, and Aquino ran for president with former Senator <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Laurel" title="Salvador Laurel">Salvador Laurel</a> as her running mate for <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Vice President of the Philippines">vice president</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/1986_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1986 Philippine presidential election">election</a> held on February 7, 1986, the <a href="/wiki/Batasang_Pambansa" class="mw-redirect" title="Batasang Pambansa">Batasang Pambansa</a> proclaimed Marcos and his running mate <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Tolentino" title="Arturo Tolentino">Arturo Tolentino</a> as the winners, which prompted allegations of <a href="/wiki/Electoral_fraud" title="Electoral fraud">electoral fraud</a> and Aquino's call for massive <a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">civil disobedience</a> actions. Subsequently, the People Power Revolution, a <a href="/wiki/Nonviolent_revolution" title="Nonviolent revolution">non-violent</a> <a href="/wiki/Demonstration_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Demonstration (political)">mass demonstration</a> movement, took place from February 22 to 25. The People Power Revolution, along with defections from the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">Armed Forces of the Philippines</a> and support from the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Philippines" title="Catholic Church in the Philippines">Philippine Catholic Church</a>, ousted Marcos and secured Aquino's accession to the presidency on February 25, 1986. Prior to her election as president, Aquino had not held any elected office. She was the first female president of the Philippines. </p><p>As president, Aquino oversaw the drafting of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Philippines" title="Constitution of the Philippines">1987 Constitution</a>, which limited the powers of the presidency and re-established the <a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">bicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="Congress of the Philippines">Congress</a>, removing the previous dictatorial government structure. Her economic policies focused on forging good economic standing amongst the international community as well as disestablishing Marcos-era <a href="/wiki/Crony_capitalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Crony capitalist">crony capitalist</a> monopolies, emphasizing the <a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">free market</a> and responsible economy. Her administration pursued peace talks to resolve the <a href="/wiki/Moro_conflict" title="Moro conflict">Moro conflict</a>, and the result of these talks was creation of the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Region_in_Muslim_Mindanao" title="Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao">Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao</a>. Aquino was criticized for the <a href="/wiki/Mendiola_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendiola Massacre">Mendiola Massacre</a>, which resulted in the shooting deaths of at least 12 peaceful protesters by Philippine state security forces. The Philippines faced various natural calamities in the latter part of Aquino's administration, such as the <a href="/wiki/1990_Luzon_earthquake" title="1990 Luzon earthquake">1990 Luzon earthquake</a>, <a href="/wiki/1991_eruption_of_Mount_Pinatubo" title="1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo">1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Thelma" title="Tropical Storm Thelma">Tropical Storm Thelma</a>. <a href="/wiki/Coup_attempts_against_Corazon_Aquino" title="Coup attempts against Corazon Aquino">Several coup attempts</a> were made against her government. She was succeeded as president by <a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel V. Ramos</a> and returned to civilian life in 1992. </p><p>Aquino was diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Colorectal_cancer" title="Colorectal cancer">colorectal cancer</a> in 2008 and <a href="/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Corazon_Aquino" title="Death and funeral of Corazon Aquino">died on August 1, 2009</a>. Her son <a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno Aquino III</a> served as president of the Philippines from <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Presidency of Benigno Aquino III">2010 to 2016</a>. After her death, monuments were built and public landmarks were named in honor of Corazon Aquino all around the Philippines. Aquino was regarded as the <i>Mother of <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">Democracy</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>María Corazón Sumulong Cojuangco was born on January 25, 1933, in <a href="/wiki/Paniqui,_Tarlac" class="mw-redirect" title="Paniqui, Tarlac">Paniqui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarlac" title="Tarlac">Tarlac</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-malacanang.gov.ph_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-malacanang.gov.ph-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was born to the prominent <a href="/wiki/Cojuangco" title="Cojuangco">Cojuangco</a> family. Her father was <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Cojuangco" title="José Cojuangco">José Cojuangco</a>, a prominent Tarlac businessman and former congressman, and her mother was Demetria Sumulong, a pharmacist. Both of Aquino's parents were from prominent political families. Aquino's grandfather from her father's side, Melecio Cojuangco, was a member of the historic <a href="/wiki/Malolos_Congress" title="Malolos Congress">Malolos Congress</a>, and Aquino's mother belonged to the politically influential Sumulong family of <a href="/wiki/Rizal_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Rizal province">Rizal province</a>, which included <a href="/wiki/Juan_Sumulong" title="Juan Sumulong">Juan Sumulong</a>, who ran against <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines" title="Commonwealth of the Philippines">Commonwealth</a> President <a href="/wiki/Manuel_L._Quezon" title="Manuel L. Quezon">Manuel L. Quezon</a> in 1941 and Senator <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Sumulong" title="Lorenzo Sumulong">Lorenzo Sumulong</a>, who was later appointed by Aquino in the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Constitutional_Commission_of_1986" title="Philippine Constitutional Commission of 1986">Constitutional Commission</a>. Aquino was the sixth of eight children, two of whom died in infancy. Her siblings were Pedro, Josephine, Teresita, Jose Jr., and Maria Paz.<sup id="cite_ref-Corazon_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Corazon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aquino spent her elementary school days at <a href="/wiki/St._Scholastica%27s_College_Manila" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Scholastica's College Manila">St. Scholastica's College</a> in Manila, where she graduated at the top of her class as valedictorian. She transferred to <a href="/wiki/Assumption_College_San_Lorenzo" title="Assumption College San Lorenzo">Assumption Convent</a>, then also in Manila, to pursue high school studies. After her family moved to the United States, she attended the Assumption-run <a href="/wiki/Ravenhill_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ravenhill Academy">Ravenhill Academy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>. She then transferred to <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_School_(Manhattan)" title="Notre Dame School (Manhattan)">Notre Dame Convent School</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, where she graduated from in 1949. During her high school years in the United States, Aquino volunteered for the campaign of U.S. <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party in the United States">Republican</a> presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dewey" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Dewey">Thomas Dewey</a> against <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> incumbent <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> during the <a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948 United States presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Corazon_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Corazon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After graduating from high school, she pursued her college education at the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Mount_Saint_Vincent" class="mw-redirect" title="College of Mount Saint Vincent">College of Mount Saint Vincent</a> in New York, graduating in 1953 with a major in French and minor in mathematics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wife_of_Benigno_Aquino_Jr.">Wife of Benigno Aquino Jr.</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Wife of Benigno Aquino Jr."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After graduating from college, she returned to the Philippines and studied law at <a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_University" title="Far Eastern University">Far Eastern University</a> in 1953.<sup id="cite_ref-9facts_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9facts-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While attending, she met <a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Benigno Aquino Jr.">Benigno "Ninoy" S. Aquino Jr.</a>, who was the son of the late Speaker <a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_Sr." title="Benigno Aquino Sr.">Benigno S. Aquino Sr.</a> and a grandson of General <a href="/wiki/Servillano_Aquino" title="Servillano Aquino">Servillano Aquino</a>. She discontinued her law education and married Benigno at the <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Sorrows" title="Our Lady of Sorrows">Our Lady of Sorrows</a> Parish in <a href="/wiki/Pasay" title="Pasay">Pasay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rizal_(province)" title="Rizal (province)">Rizal</a> on October 11, 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple had five children: Maria Elena ("Ballsy"; born 1955), Aurora Corazon ("Pinky"; born 1957), <a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno Simeon III</a> ("Noynoy"; 1960–2021), Victoria Elisa ("Viel"; born 1961) and <a href="/wiki/Kris_Aquino" title="Kris Aquino">Kristina Bernadette</a> ("Kris"; born 1971).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cory1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cory1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aquino had initially had difficulty adjusting to provincial life when she and her husband moved to <a href="/wiki/Concepcion,_Tarlac" title="Concepcion, Tarlac">Concepcion, Tarlac</a> in 1955. Aquino found herself bored in Concepcion, and welcomed the opportunity to have dinner with her husband inside the <a href="/wiki/Clark_Air_Base" title="Clark Air Base">American military facility at nearby Clark Field</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lt_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lt-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Afterwards, the Aquino family moved to a bungalow in suburban <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a>. </p><p>Throughout her life, Aquino was known to be a devout <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Philippines" title="Catholic Church in the Philippines">Roman Catholic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9facts_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9facts-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Corazon Aquino was fluent in <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> aside from her native <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kapampangan_language" title="Kapampangan language">Kapampangan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9facts_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9facts-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Benigno Aquino Jr., a member of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">Liberal Party</a>, rose to become the youngest governor in the country in 1961 and then the youngest senator ever elected to the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senate of the Philippines</a> in 1967. For most of her husband's political career, Aquino remained a housewife who raised their children and hosted her spouse's political allies who would visit their Quezon City home.<sup id="cite_ref-pi_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pi-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She would decline to join her husband on stage during campaign rallies, instead preferring to be in the back of the audience and listen to him.<sup id="cite_ref-lt_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lt-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unbeknownst to many at the time, Corazon Aquino sold some of her prized inheritance to fund the candidacy of her husband. </p><p>As Benigno Aquino Jr. emerged as a leading critic of the government of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a>, he became seen as a strong candidate for president to succeed Marcos in the 1973 elections. However, Marcos, who was barred by the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Philippines#1935_Constitution" title="Constitution of the Philippines">1935 Constitution</a> to seek a third term, <a href="/wiki/Martial_law_under_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos">declared martial law on September 21, 1972</a> and later abolished the constitution, thereby allowing him to remain in office. Benigno Aquino Jr. was among the first to be arrested at the onset of martial law, and was later sentenced to death. During her husband's incarceration, Corazon Aquino stopped going to beauty salons or buying new clothes and prohibited her children from attending parties, until a priest advised her and her children to try to live as normal lives as possible.<sup id="cite_ref-lt_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lt-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite Corazon's initial opposition, Benigno Aquino Jr. decided to run in the <a href="/wiki/1978_Philippine_parliamentary_election" title="1978 Philippine parliamentary election">1978 Batasang Pambansa elections</a> from his prison cell as party leader of the newly created <a href="/wiki/Lakas_ng_Bayan" title="Lakas ng Bayan">LABAN</a>. Corazon Aquino campaigned on behalf of her husband and delivered a political speech for the first time in her life during this political campaign. In 1980 Benigno Aquino Jr. suffered a heart attack, and Marcos allowed Senator Aquino and his family to leave for exile in the United States upon intervention from U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> so that Aquino could seek medical treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-fb_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fb-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-campaign_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-campaign-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family settled in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, and Corazon Aquino would later recall the next three years as the happiest days of her marriage and family life. </p><p>On August 21, 1983, Benigno Aquino Jr. ended his stay in the United States and returned without his family to the Philippines, where he was <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Benigno_Aquino_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Assassination of Benigno Aquino Jr.">immediately assassinated</a> on a staircase leading to the tarmac of <a href="/wiki/Ninoy_Aquino_International_Airport" title="Ninoy Aquino International Airport">Manila International Airport</a>. The airport is now named Ninoy Aquino International Airport, renamed by the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="Congress of the Philippines">Congress</a> in his honor in 1987. Corazon Aquino returned to the Philippines a few days later and led her husband's funeral procession, in which more than two million people participated.<sup id="cite_ref-fb_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fb-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1986_presidential_campaign">1986 presidential campaign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1986 presidential campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1986_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1986 Philippine presidential election">1986 Philippine presidential election</a></div> <p>Following her husband's assassination in 1983, Corazon Aquino became active in various demonstrations held against the Marcos regime. She began to assume the mantle of leadership left by her husband and became a figurehead of the anti-Marcos political opposition. On November 3, 1985, during an interview with American journalist <a href="/wiki/David_Brinkley" title="David Brinkley">David Brinkley</a> on <i><a href="/wiki/This_Week_with_David_Brinkley" class="mw-redirect" title="This Week with David Brinkley">This Week with David Brinkley</a></i>, Marcos suddenly announced <a href="/wiki/Snap_election" title="Snap election">snap elections</a> that would be held within three months to dispel doubt against his regime's legitimate authority, an action that surprised the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The election was later scheduled to be held on February 7, 1986. A petition was organized to urge Aquino to run for president, headed by former newspaper publisher <a href="/wiki/Chino_Roces" title="Chino Roces">Joaquin Roces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 1, the petition of 1.2 million signatures was publicly presented to Aquino in an event attended by 15,000 people, and on December 3, Aquino officially declared her candidacy.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/United_Nationalist_Democratic_Organization" title="United Nationalist Democratic Organization">United Opposition (UNIDO)</a> party leader <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Laurel" title="Salvador Laurel">Salvador Laurel</a> was chosen as Aquino's running mate as candidate for vice president. </p><p>During the campaign, Marcos attacked Corazon Aquino on her husband's previous ties to <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Communist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Communist Party">communists</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> characterizing the election as a fight "between democracy and communism".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aquino refuted Marcos' charge and stated that she would not appoint a single communist to her cabinet.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marcos also accused Aquino of playing "<a href="/wiki/Political_football" title="Political football">political football</a>" with the United States in regards to the continued United States military presence in the Philippines at <a href="/wiki/Clark_Air_Base" title="Clark Air Base">Clark Air Base</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subic_Naval_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Subic Naval Base">Subic Naval Base</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another point of attack for Marcos was Aquino's inexperience in public office. Marcos' campaign was characterized by <a href="/wiki/Sexist" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexist">sexist</a> attacks, such as remarks by Marcos that Aquino was "just a woman" and that a woman's remarks should be limited to the bedroom.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fb_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fb-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1986_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1986 Philippine presidential election">snap election</a> was held on February 7, 1986, and was marred by massive electoral fraud, violence, intimidation, coercion, and disenfranchisement of voters. On February 11, while votes were still being tabulated, former <a href="/wiki/Antique_(province)" title="Antique (province)">Antique</a> Governor <a href="/wiki/Evelio_Javier" title="Evelio Javier">Evelio Javier</a>, who had been director of Aquino's campaign in Antique, was assassinated. During the tallying of votes conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission on Elections">Commission on Elections</a> (COMELEC), 30 poll computer technicians walked out to contest the alleged election-rigging being done in favor of Marcos. Years later it was claimed that the walkout of computer technicians was led by Linda Kapunan,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wife of Lt Col Eduardo Kapunan, a leader of <a href="/wiki/Reform_the_Armed_Forces_Movement" title="Reform the Armed Forces Movement">Reform the Armed Forces Movement</a> that plotted to attack the <a href="/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace" title="Malacañang Palace">Malacañang Palace</a> and kill Marcos and his family, leading to a partial reevaluation of the walkout event.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Manila_Times_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manila_Times-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 15, 1986, the <a href="/wiki/Batasang_Pambansa" class="mw-redirect" title="Batasang Pambansa">Batasang Pambansa</a>, which was dominated by Marcos' ruling party and its allies, declared President Marcos as the winner of the election. However, <a href="/wiki/National_Citizens%27_Movement_for_Free_Elections" title="National Citizens' Movement for Free Elections">NAMFREL</a>'s electoral count showed that Corazon Aquino had won. Aquino claimed victory according to NAMFREL's electoral count and called for a rally dubbed "Tagumpay ng Bayan" (People's Victory Rally) the following day to protest the declaration by the Batasang Pambansa.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aquino also called for boycotts against products and services from companies controlled or owned by individuals closely allied with Marcos. The rally was held at the historic <a href="/wiki/Rizal_Park" title="Rizal Park">Rizal Park</a> in Luneta, Manila and drew a pro-Aquino crowd of around two million people. The dubious election results drew condemnation from both domestic and foreign powers. The <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bishops%27_Conference_of_the_Philippines" title="Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines">Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines</a> issued a statement strongly criticizing the conduct of the election, describing the election as violent and fraudulent. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> likewise condemned the election.<sup id="cite_ref-pi_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pi-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aquino rejected a power-sharing agreement proposed by the American diplomat <a href="/wiki/Philip_Habib" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Habib">Philip Habib</a>, who had been sent as an emissary by U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> to help defuse the tension.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accession_as_president">Accession as president</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Accession as president"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Corazon_Aquino_inauguration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Corazon_Aquino_inauguration.jpg/300px-Corazon_Aquino_inauguration.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Corazon_Aquino_inauguration.jpg/450px-Corazon_Aquino_inauguration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Corazon_Aquino_inauguration.jpg/600px-Corazon_Aquino_inauguration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption>Aquino takes the oath of office before <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_Philippines" title="Chief Justice of the Philippines">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Claudio_Teehankee" title="Claudio Teehankee">Claudio Teehankee Sr.</a> in <a href="/wiki/Club_Filipino" title="Club Filipino">Club Filipino</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="San Juan, Metro Manila">San Juan</a> on February 25, 1986</figcaption></figure> <p>On February 22, 1986, disgruntled and reformist military officers led by Defense Minister <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ponce_Enrile" title="Juan Ponce Enrile">Juan Ponce Enrile</a> and General <a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel V. Ramos</a> surprised the nation and the international community by the announcement of their defection from the Marcos government, citing a strong belief that Aquino was the real winner in the contested presidential election. Enrile, Ramos, and the rebel soldiers then set up operations in <a href="/wiki/Camp_Aguinaldo" title="Camp Aguinaldo">Camp Aguinaldo</a>, the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">Armed Forces of the Philippines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Camp_Crame" title="Camp Crame">Camp Crame</a>, the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Constabulary" title="Philippine Constabulary">Philippine Constabulary</a>, across <a href="/wiki/Epifanio_de_los_Santos_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="Epifanio de los Santos Avenue">Epifanio de los Santos Avenue</a> (EDSA). Cardinal Sin appealed to the public in a broadcast over Church-run <a href="/wiki/DZRV-AM" title="DZRV-AM">Radyo Veritas</a>, and millions of Filipinos gathered to the part of <a href="/wiki/EDSA" title="EDSA">Epifanio De Los Santos Avenue</a> between the two camps to give their support and prayers to the rebels.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that time, Aquino was meditating in a <a href="/wiki/Carmelite" class="mw-redirect" title="Carmelite">Carmelite</a> convent in <a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a>. Upon learning of the defection, Aquino and Cardinal Sin appeared on Radyo Veritas to rally behind Enrile and Ramos. Aquino then flew back to Manila to prepare for the takeover of the government. </p><p>Aquino was sworn in as the eleventh president of the Philippines on February 25, 1986. An hour after Aquino's inauguration, Marcos held his own inauguration ceremony at the Malacañang Palace. Later that same day, Ferdinand E. Marcos fled from the Philippines to <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidency_(1986–1992)"><span id="Presidency_.281986.E2.80.931992.29"></span>Presidency (1986–1992)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Presidency (1986–1992)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Corazon_Aquino" title="Presidency of Corazon Aquino">Presidency of Corazon Aquino</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cory_Aquino_during_a_ceremony_honoring_US_Air_Force.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Cory_Aquino_during_a_ceremony_honoring_US_Air_Force.jpg/220px-Cory_Aquino_during_a_ceremony_honoring_US_Air_Force.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="367" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Cory_Aquino_during_a_ceremony_honoring_US_Air_Force.jpg/330px-Cory_Aquino_during_a_ceremony_honoring_US_Air_Force.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Cory_Aquino_during_a_ceremony_honoring_US_Air_Force.jpg/440px-Cory_Aquino_during_a_ceremony_honoring_US_Air_Force.jpg 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="1328" /></a><figcaption>Aquino during a ceremony honoring the United States Air Force</figcaption></figure> <p>Corazon Aquino's accession to the presidency marked the end of authoritarian rule in the Philippines. Aquino is the first female president of the Philippines and is still the only president of the Philippines to have never held any prior political position. Aquino is regarded as the first <a href="/wiki/List_of_elected_and_appointed_female_heads_of_state" class="mw-redirect" title="List of elected and appointed female heads of state">female president</a> in <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transitional_government_and_creation_of_new_constitution">Transitional government and creation of new constitution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Transitional government and creation of new constitution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-weight: normal; background-color: #DEDEDE;"><span style="font-size:80%">Presidential styles of</span><br /><b><span class="fn">Corazon Aquino</span></b></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prior_Pres_Seal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Prior_Pres_Seal.png/100px-Prior_Pres_Seal.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Prior_Pres_Seal.png/150px-Prior_Pres_Seal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Prior_Pres_Seal.png/200px-Prior_Pres_Seal.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(manner_of_address)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style (manner of address)">Reference style</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Excellency" title="Excellency">Her Excellency</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spoken style</th><td class="infobox-data">Your Excellency</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alternative style</th><td class="infobox-data">Madam President</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On February 25, 1986, the first day of her administration, Aquino issued Proclamation No. 1, which announced an intention to reorganize the government and called on all officials appointed by Marcos to resign, starting with members of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Supreme Court</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 25, 1986, President Aquino issued <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Philippines_(1973)#1986_Amendment_(Proclamation_No._3_and_the_1986_Provisional_Constitution)" class="extiw" title="s:Constitution of the Philippines (1973)">Proclamation No. 3</a>, which announced a transitional government into a democratic system. She abolished the <a href="/wiki/Sb._1973" class="mw-redirect" title="Sb. 1973">1973 Constitution</a> that was in force during the <a href="/wiki/Martial_Law_under_Ferdinand_Marcos" class="mw-redirect" title="Martial Law under Ferdinand Marcos">martial law era</a>, and by decree issued the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_constitution" title="Provisional constitution">provisional</a> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Philippines#"Freedom_Constitution"_(1986)" title="Constitution of the Philippines">1986 Freedom Constitution</a>, pending the ratification of a more formal and comprehensive charter. This constitutional allowed her to exercise both executive and legislative powers during the period of transitional government. </p><p>After the issuance of Proclamation No. 1, all 15 members of the Supreme Court submitted their resignations.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aquino then reorganized the membership of the Supreme Court with the stated purpose of restoring its <a href="/wiki/Judicial_independence" title="Judicial independence">judicial independence</a>. On May 22, 1986, in the case <i>Lawyers League v. President Aquino</i>, the reorganized Supreme Court declared the Aquino government as "not merely a <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> government but in fact and law a <i><a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a></i> government", and affirmed its legitimacy.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aquino appointed all 48 members of the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Constitutional_Commission_of_1986" title="Philippine Constitutional Commission of 1986">1986 Constitutional Commission</a> ("Con-Com"), led by retired activist and former Supreme Court Associate Justice <a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Mu%C3%B1oz-Palma" title="Cecilia Muñoz-Palma">Cecilia Muñoz-Palma</a>, which was tasked with writing a new constitution. The Commission completed its final draft of the Constitution in October 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 2, 1987, the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Philippines" title="Constitution of the Philippines">Constitution of the Philippines</a> was ratified by <a href="/wiki/1987_Philippine_constitutional_plebiscite" title="1987 Philippine constitutional plebiscite">nationwide plebiscite</a>. It remains the <a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">constitution</a> of the Philippines to the present day. The Constitution established a <a href="/wiki/Bill_of_rights" title="Bill of rights">bill of rights</a> and a three-branch government consisting of the executive department, the legislative department, and the judicial department. The Constitution restored the <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameral</a> Congress, which in 1973 had been abolished by Marcos and replaced with first the <a href="/wiki/Batasang_Bayan" title="Batasang Bayan">Batasang Bayan</a> and later the Batasang Pambansa.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ratification of the new Constitution was soon followed by the <a href="/wiki/1987_Philippine_Senate_election" title="1987 Philippine Senate election">election of senators</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1987_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1987 Philippine House of Representatives elections">election of House of Representatives members</a> on May 11, 1987, as well as <a href="/wiki/1988_Philippine_local_elections" title="1988 Philippine local elections">local elections</a> on January 18, 1988. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_reforms">Legal reforms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legal reforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the ratification of the constitution, Aquino promulgated two landmark <a href="/wiki/Philippine_legal_codes" title="Philippine legal codes">legal codes</a>, namely, the <a href="/wiki/Family_Code_of_the_Philippines" title="Family Code of the Philippines">Family Code of 1987</a>, which reformed the <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">civil law</a> on family relations, and the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_legal_codes#Philippine_legal_codes" title="Philippine legal codes">Administrative Code of 1987</a>, which reorganized the structure of the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Departments_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive Departments of the Philippines">executive department of government</a>. Another landmark law that was enacted during her tenure was the 1991 <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Local Government Code">Local Government Code</a>, which devolved national government powers to local government units (LGUs). The new Code enhanced the power of LGUs to enact local taxation measures and assured them of a share in the national revenue. </p><p>During Aquino's tenure, vital economic laws such as the Built-Operate-Transfer Law, Foreign Investments Act, and the Consumer Protection and Welfare Act were also enacted. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Socio-economic_policies">Socio-economic policies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Socio-economic policies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width:30em; padding: 0px;"><caption class="infobox-title"><small>Economy of the Philippines under</small><br />President Corazon Aquino<br /><small>1986–1992</small></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: lightblue;">Population<sup id="cite_ref-Philippine_Presidency_Project_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philippine_Presidency_Project-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Malaya_book_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malaya_book-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><b>1986</b></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \approx }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>≈</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \approx }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6f58f4c2b73283ce8a5ad28fb3746f2a8c998789" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: 0.125ex; margin-bottom: -0.297ex; width:1.808ex; height:1.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \approx }"></span> 56 million</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: lightblue;">Gross Domestic Product (constant 1985 prices)<sup id="cite_ref-Philippine_Presidency_Project_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philippine_Presidency_Project-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Malaya_book_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malaya_book-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><b>1986</b></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">PHP</a> 591,423 million</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><b>1991</b></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">PHP</a> 716,522 million</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: lightblue;">Real GDP growth (% change)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><b>1986</b></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><b>1987</b></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><b>1988</b></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><b>1989</b></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><b>1990</b></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><b>1991</b></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> -0.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><b>1992</b></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><b>Average yearly growth rate, 1986-92</b></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.4%</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: lightblue;">Per capita income (constant 1985 prices)<sup id="cite_ref-Philippine_Presidency_Project_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philippine_Presidency_Project-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Malaya_book_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malaya_book-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><b>1986</b></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">PHP</a> 10,622</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><b>1991</b></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">PHP</a> 11,250</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: lightblue;">Total exports<sup id="cite_ref-Philippine_Presidency_Project_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philippine_Presidency_Project-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Malaya_book_42-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malaya_book-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><b>1986</b></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">PHP</a> 160,571 million</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><b>1991</b></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">PHP</a> 231,515 million</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: lightblue;"><a href="/wiki/Exchange_rate" title="Exchange rate">Exchange rates</a><sup id="cite_ref-Philippine_Presidency_Project_41-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philippine_Presidency_Project-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Malaya_book_42-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malaya_book-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><b>1986</b></th><td class="infobox-data">1 <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">USD</a> = 20.38 <a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">PHP</a><br />1 <a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">PHP</a> = 0.05 <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">USD</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><b>1991</b></th><td class="infobox-data">1 <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">USD</a> = 27.61 <a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">PHP</a><br />1 <a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">PHP</a> = 0.04 <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">USD</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The economy posted a positive growth of 3.4% during Aquino's first year in office, and continued to grow at an overall positive rate throughout her tenure for an average rate of 3.4% from 1986 to 1992. Real GDP growth suffered a 0.4% decrease in 1991 in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/1989_Philippine_coup_attempt" title="1989 Philippine coup attempt">1989 coup attempt</a> by the Reform the Armed Forces Movement, which shook international confidence in the Philippine economy and hindered foreign investment. </p><p>Aquino made fighting inflation one of her priorities after the nation suffered from skyrocketing prices during the last years of the Marcos administration. The last six years of the Marcos administration recorded an average annual inflation rate of 20.9%, which peaked in 1984 at 50.3%. From 1986 to 1992, the Philippines recorded an average annual inflation rate of 9.2%. During the Aquino administration, the annual inflation rate peaked at 18.1% in 1991; a stated reason for this increase was <a href="/wiki/Panic_buying" title="Panic buying">panic buying</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overall, the economy under Aquino had an average growth of 3.8% from 1986 to 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="De-monopolization">De-monopolization</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: De-monopolization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of Aquino's first actions as president was to seize Marcos' multi-billion dollar <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos#Ill-gotten_wealth_and_kleptocracy" title="Ferdinand Marcos">fortune of ill-gotten wealth</a>. On February 28, 1986, four days into her presidency, Aquino formed the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Commission_on_Good_Government" title="Presidential Commission on Good Government">Presidential Commission on Good Government</a> (PCGG), which was tasked with retrieving Marcos' domestic and international fortune. </p><p>After his declaration of martial law in 1972 and his consolidation of authoritarian power, President Ferdinand Marcos issued various government decrees that awarded <a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">monopoly</a> or <a href="/wiki/Oligopoly" title="Oligopoly">oligopoly</a> power over entire industries to various <a href="/wiki/Cronies_of_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Cronies of Ferdinand Marcos">close associates</a>, in a scheme later regarded as <a href="/wiki/Crony_capitalism" title="Crony capitalism">crony capitalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President Aquino pursued a <a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">market liberalization</a> agenda to combat this problem. President Aquino particularly targeted the <a href="/wiki/Sugar_industry_of_the_Philippines" title="Sugar industry of the Philippines">sugar industry</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Coconut_production_in_the_Philippines" title="Coconut production in the Philippines">coconut industry</a> for de-monopolization. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Debt">Debt</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Debt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vice_President_Dan_Quayle_and_President_Corizon_Aquino_of_the_Philippines_participate_in_the_Veterans%27_Day_Service_at_Arlington_National_Cemetery,_10_Nov_89.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Vice_President_Dan_Quayle_and_President_Corizon_Aquino_of_the_Philippines_participate_in_the_Veterans%27_Day_Service_at_Arlington_National_Cemetery%2C_10_Nov_89.jpg/220px-Vice_President_Dan_Quayle_and_President_Corizon_Aquino_of_the_Philippines_participate_in_the_Veterans%27_Day_Service_at_Arlington_National_Cemetery%2C_10_Nov_89.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Vice_President_Dan_Quayle_and_President_Corizon_Aquino_of_the_Philippines_participate_in_the_Veterans%27_Day_Service_at_Arlington_National_Cemetery%2C_10_Nov_89.jpg/330px-Vice_President_Dan_Quayle_and_President_Corizon_Aquino_of_the_Philippines_participate_in_the_Veterans%27_Day_Service_at_Arlington_National_Cemetery%2C_10_Nov_89.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Vice_President_Dan_Quayle_and_President_Corizon_Aquino_of_the_Philippines_participate_in_the_Veterans%27_Day_Service_at_Arlington_National_Cemetery%2C_10_Nov_89.jpg/440px-Vice_President_Dan_Quayle_and_President_Corizon_Aquino_of_the_Philippines_participate_in_the_Veterans%27_Day_Service_at_Arlington_National_Cemetery%2C_10_Nov_89.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="466" /></a><figcaption>Aquino with U.S. Vice President <a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Dan Quayle</a> participate in the Veterans' Day Service at <a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a> on November 10, 1989.</figcaption></figure> <p>Throughout the tenure of President Ferdinand Marcos, government <a href="/wiki/External_debt" title="External debt">foreign debt</a> had ballooned from less than $3 billion in 1970 to $28 billion by the end of his administration, through <a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">privatization</a> of bad government assets and <a href="/wiki/Deregulation" title="Deregulation">deregulation</a> of many vital industries. The debt had badly tarnished the international credit standing and economic reputation of the country. </p><p>President Aquino inherited the debt of the Marcos administration and weighed all options on what to do with the debt, including not paying the debt. Aquino eventually chose to honor all the debts that were previously incurred in order to clear the country's economic reputation. Her decision proved to be unpopular but Aquino defended it, saying that was the most practical move. Beginning in 1986, the Aquino administration paid off $4 billion of the country's outstanding debts to improve its international credit ratings and attract the attention of foreign investors. This move also ensured lower interest rates and longer payment terms for future loans. During the Aquino administration, the Philippines acquired an additional $9 billion debt, increasing the net national debt by $5 billion within six years due to the need to infuse capital and money into the economy.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Aquino administration was able to reduce the Philippines' external <a href="/wiki/Debt-to-GDP_ratio" title="Debt-to-GDP ratio">debt-to-GDP ratio</a> by 30.1 percent, from 87.9 percent at the start of the administration to 67.8 percent in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Agrarian_reform">Agrarian reform</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Agrarian reform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Land_reform_in_the_Philippines" title="Land reform in the Philippines">Land reform in the Philippines</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Aquino_at_IRRI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/President_Aquino_at_IRRI.jpg/220px-President_Aquino_at_IRRI.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/President_Aquino_at_IRRI.jpg/330px-President_Aquino_at_IRRI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/President_Aquino_at_IRRI.jpg/440px-President_Aquino_at_IRRI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Aquino holds talks with the officials from the International Rice Research Institute.</figcaption></figure> <p>President Aquino envisioned agrarian and land reform as the centerpiece of her administration's social legislative agenda. However, her family background and social class as a privileged daughter of a wealthy and landed clan became a lightning rod of criticisms against her land reform agenda. </p><p>After the Mendiola Massacre and in response to calls for agrarian reform, President Aquino issued Presidential Proclamation 131 and Executive Order 229 on July 22, 1987, which outlined her land reform program, including sugar lands. In 1988, with the backing of Aquino, the new Congress of the Philippines passed Republic Act No. 6657, more popularly known as the "Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law" (CARP), which paved the way for the redistribution of agricultural lands from landowners to tenant-farmers. Landowners were paid in exchange by the government through <a href="/wiki/Just_compensation" title="Just compensation">just compensation</a>, and were also not allowed to retain more than five hectares of land.<sup id="cite_ref-RA6657_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RA6657-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: Section 6">: Section 6 </span></sup> The law also allowed corporate landowners to "voluntarily divest a proportion of their <a href="/wiki/Stock" title="Stock">capital stock</a>, equity or participation in favor of their workers or other qualified beneficiaries", in lieu of turning over their land to the government for redistribution.<sup id="cite_ref-RA6657_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RA6657-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: Section 31">: Section 31 </span></sup> Despite the flaws in the law, the Supreme Court upheld its constitutionality in 1989, declaring that the implementation of CARP was "a revolutionary kind of expropriation".<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Corazon Aquino herself was subject to a controversy that centered on <a href="/wiki/Hacienda_Luisita" title="Hacienda Luisita">Hacienda Luisita</a>, a 6,453-hectare estate located in the province of Tarlac which she and her siblings inherited from her father José Cojuangco. Instead of land distribution, Hacienda Luisita reorganized itself into a corporation and distributed stock. As such, ownership of agricultural portions of the hacienda was transferred to the corporation, which in turn, gave its shares of stocks to farmers. Critics argued that Aquino bowed to pressure from relatives by allowing stock redistribution in lieu of land redistribution under CARP.<sup id="cite_ref-pdihl_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pdihl-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The stock redistribution scheme was revoked in 2006, when the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Agrarian_Reform" title="Department of Agrarian Reform">Department of Agrarian Reform</a> ordered the mandatory redistribution of land to tenant-farmers of Hacienda Luisita. The Department of Agrarian Reform had looked into its revocation since 2004, when violence erupted in the hacienda over the retrenchment of workers, leaving seven people dead.<sup id="cite_ref-pdihl_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pdihl-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coup_attempts_on_Aquino_government">Coup attempts on Aquino government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Coup attempts on Aquino government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1986%E2%80%931990_Philippine_coup_attempts" class="mw-redirect" title="1986–1990 Philippine coup attempts">1986–1990 Philippine coup attempts</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>From 1986 to 1990 numerous <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup</a> attempts were enacted on the Aquino administration and the new Philippine government. Many of these attempts were conducted by the Reform the Armed Forces Movement, who attempted to establish a <a href="/wiki/Military_government" title="Military government">military government</a>, while other attempts were conducted by loyalists to former President Marcos. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mendiola_massacre_and_cabinet_infighting">Mendiola massacre and cabinet infighting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Mendiola massacre and cabinet infighting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mendiola_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendiola Massacre">Mendiola Massacre</a></div> <p>On January 22, 1987, during the era of transition government and shortly before the nationwide plebiscite to ratify the Constitution, 12 citizens were killed and 51 were injured in the <a href="/wiki/Mendiola_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendiola Massacre">Mendiola Massacre</a>. The incident was initially a peaceful protest by agrarian workers and farmers who had marched to the historic Mendiola Street near the <a href="/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1an_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Malacañan Palace">Malacañan Palace</a> to demand genuine land reform. The massacre occurred when Marines fired at farmers who tried to go beyond the designated demarcation line set by the police.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The massacre resulted in several resignations from Aquino's cabinet, including <a href="/wiki/Jose_W._Diokno" title="Jose W. Diokno">Jose W. Diokno</a>, head of the Presidential Committee on Human Rights, chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission on Human Rights">Commission on Human Rights</a> (CHR), and chairman of the government panel in charge of negotiations with rebel forces resigned from his government posts. His daughter Maris said, "It was the only time we saw him near tears."<sup id="cite_ref-dalisaybio_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dalisaybio-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 1987, Vice President Doy Laurel resigned as secretary of foreign affairs. In his resignation letter to Aquino, Laurel stated, "the past years of Marcos are now beginning to look no worse than your first two years in office. And the reported controversies and scandals involving your closest relatives have become the object of our people's outrage. From 16,500 NPA regular when Marcos fell, the communists now claim an armed strength of 25,200. From city to countryside, anarchy has spread. There is anarchy within the government, anarchy within the ruling coalesced parties and anarchy in the streets."<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Finance Minister <a href="/wiki/Jaime_Ongpin" title="Jaime Ongpin">Jaime Ongpin</a>, who had successfully advocated for paying external debt incurred during Marcos' administration, was dismissed by Aquino in September 1987 and later died in an apparent suicide in December 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His widow stated that he had been depressed due to infighting in Aquino's cabinet and lack of significant change since the People Power Revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soon after the Mendiola Massacre, the Aquino administration and Congress worked to pass significant agrarian reform, which culminated in the passage of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARP). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peace_talks_with_Moro_and_communist_insurgencies">Peace talks with Moro and communist insurgencies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Peace talks with Moro and communist insurgencies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Moro_conflict" title="Moro conflict">Moro conflict</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communist_rebellion_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist rebellion in the Philippines">Communist rebellion in the Philippines</a></div> <p>President Aquino conducted peace talks with the <a href="/wiki/Moro_National_Liberation_Front" title="Moro National Liberation Front">Moro National Liberation Front</a> (MNLF), an armed <a href="/wiki/Moro_people" title="Moro people">Moro</a> <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> insurgency group that sought to establish an independent Moro state within <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a>. Aquino met with MNLF leader <a href="/wiki/Nur_Misuari" title="Nur Misuari">Nur Misuari</a> and various MNLF groups in <a href="/wiki/Sulu" title="Sulu">Sulu</a>. In 1989, the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Region_in_Muslim_Mindanao" title="Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao">Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao</a> (ARMM) was created under Republic Act No. 6734 or the ARMM Organic Act, which established the Moro majority areas in the Mindanao island group as an <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_the_Philippines" title="Autonomous regions of the Philippines">autonomous region</a> with its own government.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao lasted from 1989 to 2019, after which it was succeeded by the <a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro_Autonomous_Region_in_Muslim_Mindanao" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao">Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao</a> (BARMM). </p><p>The establishment of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao was opposed by the <a href="/wiki/Moro_Islamic_Liberation_Front" title="Moro Islamic Liberation Front">Moro Islamic Liberation Front</a> (MILF), a militant splinter group from the MNLF that sought to <a href="/wiki/Secession" title="Secession">secede</a> from the Philippines to establish an <a href="/wiki/Islamic_state" title="Islamic state">Islamic state</a> in Mindanao.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peace talks with MILF began in 1997 under President Fidel Ramos and violent insurgency officially continued until 2014, when peace accords were formally signed between MILF and the administration of President Benigno Aquino III that would lead to the creation of the BARMM.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The establishment of the ARMM also led to the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorist</a> group founded in 1989 by <a href="/wiki/Abdurajak_Abubakar_Janjalani" title="Abdurajak Abubakar Janjalani">Abdurajak Abubakar Janjalani</a> and composed of radical former members of the MNLF. Terrorist attacks by Abu Sayyaf would start in 1995 and continue to the present day, including the <a href="/wiki/M/V_SuperFerry_14" class="mw-redirect" title="M/V SuperFerry 14">2004 bombing of the MV <i>Superferry 14</i></a> that resulted in the deaths of 116 people.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shortly after becoming president, Aquino ordered the release of hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Political_prisoner" title="Political prisoner">political prisoners</a> imprisoned during the Marcos era, including <a href="/wiki/Communist_rebellion_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist rebellion in the Philippines">communist insurgents</a> belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Philippines" title="Communist Party of the Philippines">Communist Party of the Philippines</a>. These releases included leaders such as Communist Party of the Philippines founder <a href="/wiki/Jose_Maria_Sison" title="Jose Maria Sison">Jose Maria Sison</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army" title="New People's Army">New People's Army</a> founder <a href="/wiki/Bernabe_Buscayno" title="Bernabe Buscayno">Bernabe Buscayno</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which the military strongly resisted.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Preliminary peace talks with the CPP ended after the Mendiola Massacre on January 22, 1987, during which at least 12 farmers were killed at a protest rally.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Closing_of_United_States_military_bases">Closing of United States military bases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Closing of United States military bases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Corazon_Aquino_1992.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Corazon_Aquino_1992.jpg/220px-Corazon_Aquino_1992.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Corazon_Aquino_1992.jpg/330px-Corazon_Aquino_1992.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Corazon_Aquino_1992.jpg/440px-Corazon_Aquino_1992.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1830" data-file-height="2800" /></a><figcaption>Aquino addresses base workers at a rally at Remy Field concerning jobs for Filipino workers after the Americans withdraw from the U.S. facilities.</figcaption></figure> <p>Soon after Aquino took office, several Philippine senators declared that the presence of U.S. military forces in the Philippines was an affront to national sovereignty. The senators called for the United States military to vacate <a href="/wiki/U.S._Naval_Base_Subic_Bay" title="U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay">U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay</a> and Clark Air Base, and Aquino opposed their demand.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States objected by stating that they had leased the property and that the leases were still in effect.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States stated that the facilities at <a href="/wiki/Subic_Bay" title="Subic Bay">Subic Bay</a> were unequaled anywhere in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> and a U.S. pullout could make all of that region of the world vulnerable to an incursion by the Soviet Union or by a resurgent Japan. Another issue with the demand was that thousands of Filipinos worked at these military facilities and they would lose their jobs if the U.S. military moved out. Aquino opposed the Senate's demand and believed that the bases should have remained. Aquino organized a protest against the pullout, which only gathered between 100,000 and 150,000 supporters, far short of the 500,000 to 1 million that had been originally expected.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The matter was still being debated when <a href="/wiki/Mount_Pinatubo" title="Mount Pinatubo">Mount Pinatubo</a> erupted in June 1991, covering the entire area with <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_ash" title="Volcanic ash">volcanic ash</a>. Despite attempts to continue the Subic Base, Aquino finally conceded. In December 1991, the government served notice that the U.S. had to close the base by the end of 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_disasters_and_calamities">Natural disasters and calamities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Natural disasters and calamities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On December 20, 1987, the <a href="/wiki/MV_Do%C3%B1a_Paz" title="MV Doña Paz">MV <i>Doña Paz</i></a> sank after a collision with the oil tanker MV <i>Vector</i>. The final death toll exceeded 4,300 people, and the sinking has been called the deadliest peacetime maritime disaster of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Hooke_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hooke-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the aftermath, Aquino addressed the incident as "a national tragedy of harrowing proportions".<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1990_Luzon_earthquake" title="1990 Luzon earthquake">1990 Luzon earthquake</a> was a 7.8 <a href="/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale" title="Moment magnitude scale">magnitude</a> earthquake that struck the island of <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>. It left an estimate of 1,621 people dead and massive property damage. </p><p>In 1991, a <a href="/wiki/1991_eruption_of_Mount_Pinatubo" title="1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo">volcanic eruption</a> of Mount Pinatubo, then thought to be dormant, killed around 800 people and caused widespread long-term devastation of agricultural lands in <a href="/wiki/Central_Luzon" title="Central Luzon">Central Luzon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 20,000 residents had to be evacuated and around 10,000 people were left homeless by the event. It was the second largest terrestrial eruption of the 20th century. </p><p>On November 1, 1991 <a href="/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Thelma" title="Tropical Storm Thelma">Tropical Storm Thelma</a> (also known as Typhoon Uring) caused massive flooding in <a href="/wiki/Ormoc_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Ormoc City">Ormoc City</a>, leaving around 5,000 dead in what was then considered to be the deadliest typhoon in Philippine history. On November 8, Aquino declared all of <a href="/wiki/Leyte" title="Leyte">Leyte</a> a <a href="/wiki/Disaster_area" title="Disaster area">disaster area</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electrical_power_grid_inadequacy">Electrical power grid inadequacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Electrical power grid inadequacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During Aquino's presidency, electric <a href="/wiki/Power_outage" title="Power outage">blackouts</a> became common in Manila. The city experienced 7–12 hours-long blackouts, which severely affected its businesses. By the departure of Aquino in June 1992, businesses in Manila and nearby provinces had lost nearly $800 million since the preceding March. </p><p>Corazon Aquino's decision to deactivate the <a href="/wiki/Bataan_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Bataan Nuclear Power Plant">Bataan Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP)</a>, which was built during the Marcos administration, contributed to further electricity crises in the 1990s, as the 620 megawatts capacity of the plant would have been enough to cover the shortfall at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-LA_Times_on_blackout_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LA_Times_on_blackout-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Critics of the BNPP had stated that the power plant was unsafe, and cited the millions of dollars in bribes paid to President Marcos to allow its construction.<sup id="cite_ref-LA_Times_on_blackout_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LA_Times_on_blackout-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The administration had failed to provide for an adequate replacement for the plant before her term had completed, and President Corazon Aquino ended her term in 1992 with the country reeling under a severe power shortage crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence_in_1992_presidential_election">Influence in 1992 presidential election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Influence in 1992 presidential election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1987 Constitution limited the president to a single six-year term with no possibility of re-election. As the end of her presidency drew near, close advisers and friends told Aquino that since she was not inaugurated under the 1987 Constitution, her term beginning 1986, she was still 'eligible' to seek the presidency again in the upcoming <a href="/wiki/1992_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1992 Philippine presidential election">1992 elections</a>, the first presidential elections held under normal and peaceful circumstances since 1965. However, Aquino firmly declined the requests for her to seek reelection, citing her strong belief that the presidency was not a lifetime position. </p><p>Initially, she named <a href="/wiki/Ramon_V._Mitra" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramon V. Mitra">Ramon V. Mitra</a>, Speaker of the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine House of Representatives">Philippine House of Representatives</a> who had been a friend of her husband, as her preferred candidate for the 1992 presidential elections. However, she later backtracked and instead supported the candidacy of General <a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel V. Ramos</a>, who was her defense secretary and a key figure in the EDSA Revolution. Ramos had consistently stood by her government during the various coup attempts that were launched against her administration. Her sudden change of mind and withdrawal of support from Mitra drew criticism from her supporters in the liberal and <a href="/wiki/Social_democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Social democratic">social democratic</a> sectors. Her decision also drew criticism from the Catholic Church, which questioned her support of Ramos due to his being a <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a>. General Ramos won the 1992 elections with 23.58% of the total votes in a wide-open campaign. </p><p>On June 30, 1992, Corazon Aquino formally and peacefully handed over power to Fidel Ramos. On that day, Fidel V. Ramos was <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Fidel_Ramos" class="mw-redirect" title="Inauguration of Fidel Ramos">inaugurated</a> as the twelfth president of the Philippines. After the inauguration, Aquino left the ceremony in a simple white <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Crown" title="Toyota Crown">Toyota Crown</a> she had purchased, rather than the lavish government-issued <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes-Benz</a> in which she and Ramos had ridden on the way to the ceremonies, to make the point that she was once again an ordinary citizen.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administration_and_cabinet">Administration and cabinet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Administration and cabinet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Corazon_Aquino#Administration_and_cabinet" title="Presidency of Corazon Aquino">Presidency of Corazon Aquino § Administration and cabinet</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-presidency_(1992-2009)"><span id="Post-presidency_.281992-2009.29"></span>Post-presidency (1992-2009)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Post-presidency (1992-2009)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aquino_2003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Aquino_2003.jpg/220px-Aquino_2003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Aquino_2003.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="254" /></a><figcaption>Corazon Aquino speaks before the 2003 Ninoy Aquino Award ceremony at the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Manila" title="Embassy of the United States, Manila">U.S. Embassy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic">Domestic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Domestic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During Aquino's retirement and stay as a private citizen, she remained active in the Philippine political scene. Aquino would voice her dissent to government actions and policies that she deemed threats to the democratic foundations of the country. </p><p>In 1997, Aquino, together with Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Jaime_Sin" title="Jaime Sin">Jaime Sin</a>, led a rally opposing President Fidel Ramos' attempt to extend his term through his <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_reform_in_the_Philippines#Ramos_administration" title="Constitutional reform in the Philippines">proposal to amend the 1987 Constitution's restriction on presidential term limits</a>. Ramos' proposed charter change would fail, leaving term limits and the presidential system in place. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/1998_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1998 Philippine presidential election">1998 Philippine presidential election</a>, Aquino endorsed the candidacy of former police general and Manila Mayor <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Lim" title="Alfredo Lim">Alfredo Lim</a> from the Liberal Party for president. Lim would lose to Vice President <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a>, who won by a landslide.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1999, Aquino and Cardinal Jaime Sin again worked together to oppose <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_reform_in_the_Philippines#Estrada_adaminsitration" title="Constitutional reform in the Philippines">a second plan to amend the Constitution to remove term limits</a>, this time under President Estrada. President Estrada stated that his plan to amend the Constitution was intended to lift provisions that 'restrict' economic activities and investments, and Estrada denied that it was an attempt to extend his stay in office. Estrada's proposed charter change would also fail. </p><p>In 2000, Aquino joined the mounting calls for Estrada to resign from office, amid a series of corruption scandals, including strong allegations of bribery charges and gambling kickbacks. Estrada was impeached by the House of Representatives in November 2000 but acquitted by the Senate in December, which in January 2001 led to the <a href="/wiki/Second_EDSA_Revolution" title="Second EDSA Revolution">Second EDSA Revolution</a>, which ousted Estrada. During the Second EDSA Revolution, Aquino enthusiastically supported the ascendancy of Vice President <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a> to the position of president.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Joseph_Estrada" title="Trial of Joseph Estrada">trial of Joseph Estrada</a>, Estrada was acquitted of <a href="/wiki/Perjury" title="Perjury">perjury</a> but found guilty of <a href="/wiki/Plunder" class="mw-redirect" title="Plunder">plunder</a> and sentenced to <i><a href="/wiki/Reclusion_perpetua" class="mw-redirect" title="Reclusion perpetua">reclusion perpetua</a></i> with the accessory <a href="/wiki/Sanctions_(law)" title="Sanctions (law)">penalties</a> of perpetual disqualification from <a href="/wiki/Public_office" class="mw-redirect" title="Public office">public office</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asset_forfeiture" title="Asset forfeiture">forfeiture</a> of ill-gotten wealth on September 12, 2007. Estrada was pardoned by President Macapagal-Arroyo on October 26, 2007. </p><p>In 2005, after a series of revelations and exposes that implicated President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo in <a href="/wiki/2005_Philippine_electoral_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2005 Philippine electoral crisis">rigging</a> the <a href="/wiki/2004_Philippine_general_election" title="2004 Philippine general election">2004 presidential elections</a>, Aquino called on Arroyo to resign in order to prevent bloodshed, violence and further political deterioration.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aquino once again led massive street-level demonstrations, this time demanding the resignation of President Arroyo.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/2007_Philippine_general_election" title="2007 Philippine general election">2007 senatorial elections</a>, Aquino actively campaigned for her only son, Benigno "Noynoy" Aquino III, who went on to win his race. Less than a year after Corazon Aquino's death in 2009, Benigno Aquino III won the <a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2010 Philippine presidential election">2010 Philippine presidential election</a> and served as the 15th president of the Philippines from 2010 to 2016. </p><p>In December 2008, Corazon Aquino publicly expressed regret for her participation in the 2001 Second EDSA Revolution, which installed Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo as president. She apologized to former President Joseph Estrada for the role she played in his ouster in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aquino's apology drew criticisms from numerous politicians.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2009, two months before her death, Aquino issued a public statement in which she strongly denounced and condemned the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_reform_in_the_Philippines#Arroyo_administration" title="Constitutional reform in the Philippines">Arroyo administration's plans of amending the 1987 Constitution</a>, calling it a "shameless abuse of power". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International">International</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: International"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shortly after leaving the presidency, Aquino traveled abroad, giving speeches and lectures on issues of democracy, development, human rights, and women empowerment. At the 1994 meeting of the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> World Commission on Culture and Development in Manila, Aquino delivered a speech urging the unconditional release of Burmese democratic leader <a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a> from detention.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> She petitioned for the release of Aung San Suu Kyi.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aquino was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Women_World_Leaders" title="Council of Women World Leaders">Council of Women World Leaders</a>, an international organization of former and current female heads of state, from the group's inception in 1996 to her death.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1997, Aquino attended the wake and funeral of Saint <a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa_of_Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother Teresa of Calcutta">Mother Teresa of Calcutta</a>, whom she met during the latter's visit in Manila in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, Aquino joined the international community in mourning the death of <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2002, Aquino became the first woman named to the Board of Governors at the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Institute_of_Management" title="Asian Institute of Management">Asian Institute of Management</a>, a leading graduate business school and think tank in the Asia Pacific region.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She served on the Board until 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Charitable_and_social_initiatives">Charitable and social initiatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Charitable and social initiatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After her term as president, Aquino was involved in several charitable activities and socio-economic initiatives. From 1992 until her death, Aquino was chairperson of the Benigno S. Aquino Jr. Foundation, which she set up in her husband's honor after his assassination in 1983. Aquino supported the <a href="/wiki/Gawad_Kalinga" title="Gawad Kalinga">Gawad Kalinga</a> social housing project for the poor and homeless. In 2007, Aquino helped establish the PinoyME Foundation, a non-profit organization that aims to provide <a href="/wiki/Microfinance" title="Microfinance">microfinancing</a> programs and projects for the poor. Aquino also painted and would occasionally give away her paintings to friends and family or auction her paintings and donate the proceeds to charity. She never sold her art for her own profit.<sup id="cite_ref-RCATA_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCATA-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Illness_and_death">Illness and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Illness and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Corazon_Aquino" title="Death and funeral of Corazon Aquino">Death and funeral of Corazon Aquino</a></div> <p>On March 24, 2008, Aquino's family announced that the former president had been diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Colorectal_cancer" title="Colorectal cancer">colorectal cancer</a>. Upon her being earlier informed by her doctors that she had only three months to live,<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> she pursued medical treatment and <a href="/wiki/Chemotherapy" title="Chemotherapy">chemotherapy</a>. A series of healing <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Masses</a> for Aquino, who was a devout Catholic, were held throughout the country for her recovery. In a public statement during one healing Mass on May 13, 2008, Aquino said that her blood tests indicated that she was responding well to treatment, although her hair and appetite loss were apparent.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By July 2009, Aquino was reported to be suffering from loss of appetite and in very serious condition. At that time she was confined to <a href="/wiki/Makati_Medical_Center" title="Makati Medical Center">Makati Medical Center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was later announced that Aquino and her family had decided to stop chemotherapy and other medical interventions for her.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aquino died in the Makati Medical Center at 3:18 a.m. on August 1, 2009, due to <a href="/wiki/Cardiorespiratory_arrest" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiorespiratory arrest">cardiorespiratory arrest</a> at the age of 76.<sup id="cite_ref-AgerInquirer1_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AgerInquirer1-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wake_and_funeral">Wake and funeral</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Wake and funeral"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2724Manila_Memorial_Park_Sucat_Para%C3%B1aque_City_28.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/2724Manila_Memorial_Park_Sucat_Para%C3%B1aque_City_28.jpg/150px-2724Manila_Memorial_Park_Sucat_Para%C3%B1aque_City_28.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/2724Manila_Memorial_Park_Sucat_Para%C3%B1aque_City_28.jpg/225px-2724Manila_Memorial_Park_Sucat_Para%C3%B1aque_City_28.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/2724Manila_Memorial_Park_Sucat_Para%C3%B1aque_City_28.jpg/300px-2724Manila_Memorial_Park_Sucat_Para%C3%B1aque_City_28.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The graves of Corazon and Ninoy Aquino photographed in October 2017</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Line_at_the_Corazon_Aquino_wake_at_the_Manila_Cathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Line_at_the_Corazon_Aquino_wake_at_the_Manila_Cathedral.jpg/220px-Line_at_the_Corazon_Aquino_wake_at_the_Manila_Cathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Line_at_the_Corazon_Aquino_wake_at_the_Manila_Cathedral.jpg/330px-Line_at_the_Corazon_Aquino_wake_at_the_Manila_Cathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Line_at_the_Corazon_Aquino_wake_at_the_Manila_Cathedral.jpg/440px-Line_at_the_Corazon_Aquino_wake_at_the_Manila_Cathedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Queue for Aquino's wake in front of the <a href="/wiki/Pamantasan_ng_Lungsod_ng_Maynila" title="Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila">Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila</a> campus, which had opened its facilities for the mourners.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cross topping the dome of <a href="/wiki/Manila_Cathedral" title="Manila Cathedral">Manila Cathedral</a> is visible in the upper right of the photo.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cory_aquino_wiki.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Cory_aquino_wiki.JPG/250px-Cory_aquino_wiki.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Cory_aquino_wiki.JPG/375px-Cory_aquino_wiki.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Cory_aquino_wiki.JPG/500px-Cory_aquino_wiki.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The grave of Corazon and Ninoy Aquino photographed on August 8, 2009, a week after her death. Corazon Aquino shares a gravestone with her husband <a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Benigno Aquino Jr.">Ninoy Aquino</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Manila_Memorial_Park_%E2%80%93_Sucat" title="Manila Memorial Park – Sucat">Manila Memorial Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque" title="Parañaque">Parañaque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. Their son, <a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno III</a>, was later interred beside their graves upon his death in June 2021.</figcaption></figure> <p>On the day of Aquino's death, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo announced a 10-day mourning period for the former president and issued Administrative Order No. 269 detailing the necessary arrangements for a <a href="/wiki/State_funeral" title="State funeral">state funeral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arroyo was on a state visit to the United States at the time of Aquino's death and returned to the Philippines on August 5, cutting her visit short to pay her last respects to Aquino.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aquino's children declined Arroyo's offer of a state funeral for their mother.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All churches in the Philippines celebrated requiem masses simultaneously throughout the country and all government offices flew the Philippine flag at half-mast. Hours after her death, Aquino's body <a href="/wiki/Lay_in_repose" class="mw-redirect" title="Lay in repose">lay in repose</a> for public viewing at the <a href="/wiki/La_Salle_Green_Hills" title="La Salle Green Hills">La Salle Green Hills</a> campus in <a href="/wiki/Mandaluyong" title="Mandaluyong">Mandaluyong</a>. On August 3, 2009, Aquino's body was transferred from La Salle Greenhills to the Manila Cathedral in <a href="/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros">Intramuros</a>, during which hundreds of thousands of Filipinos lined the streets to view and escort the former leader's body. On the way to the cathedral, Aquino's funeral cortege passed along <a href="/wiki/Ayala_Avenue" title="Ayala Avenue">Ayala Avenue</a> in Makati, stopping in front of the monument to her husband Ninoy, where throngs of mourners gathered and sang the patriotic protest anthem "<i><a href="/wiki/Bayan_Ko" title="Bayan Ko">Bayan Ko</a></i><span style="padding-left:.15em;">"</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aquino's casket was brought inside the cathedral by mid-afternoon that day. Following her death, all Roman Catholic dioceses in the country held <a href="/wiki/Requiem_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Requiem Mass">Requiem Masses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 4, 2009, <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Imee_Marcos" title="Imee Marcos">Imee Marcos</a>, two prominent children of late former President <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand Marcos Sr.">Ferdinand Marcos</a>, paid their last respects to Aquino in spite of the two families' longstanding feud. The Marcos siblings were received by Aquino's daughters María Elena, Aurora Corazon, and Victoria Elisa.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A final Requiem Mass was held on the morning of August 5, 2009, with <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Manila" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Manila">Archbishop of Manila</a> <a href="/wiki/Gaudencio_Rosales" title="Gaudencio Rosales">Cardinal Gaudencio Rosales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Balanga" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Balanga">Bishop of Balanga</a> <a href="/wiki/Socrates_B._Villegas" class="mw-redirect" title="Socrates B. Villegas">Socrates B. Villegas</a>, and other high-ranking clergymen <a href="/wiki/Concelebration" title="Concelebration">concelebrating</a>. Aquino's daughter Kris spoke on behalf of her family towards the end of the Mass. Aquino's flag-draped casket was escorted from the cathedral to Manila Memorial Park in Parañaque, where she was interred beside her husband in her family mausoleum. Aquino's funeral procession took more than eight hours to reach the burial site, as tens of thousands of civilians lined the route to pay their respects. <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Air_Force" title="Philippine Air Force">Philippine Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/UH-1" class="mw-redirect" title="UH-1">UH-1</a> helicopters showered the procession with yellow confetti and ships docked at Manila's harbor blared their sirens to salute the late president. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reaction">Reaction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Reaction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both local and international leaders showed respect for Aquino's achievements in the process of democratization in the Philippines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_reaction">National reaction</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: National reaction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Various politicians across the political spectrum expressed their grief and praise for the former Philippine leader. President Arroyo, once an ally of Aquino, remembered the sacrifices she made for the country and called her a "national treasure".<sup id="cite_ref-AgerInquirer2_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AgerInquirer2-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former President Estrada said that the country had lost its mother and guiding voice with her sudden death. He also described Aquino as the "Philippines' most loved woman".<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although they were at one time political foes, Aquino and Estrada had reconciled and joined forces in opposing President Arroyo.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Philippines" title="Communist Party of the Philippines">Communist Party of the Philippines</a> founder <a href="/wiki/Jose_Maria_Sison" title="Jose Maria Sison">Jose Maria Sison</a> joined in mourning Aquino's death, saying his relationship with her was "exceptional".<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former Senate President Juan Ponce Enrile, who had been Aquino's defense minister and later a fierce critic of Aquino, asked the public to pray for her eternal repose. Although former Aquino interior minister and Senate minority floor leader <a href="/wiki/Aquilino_Pimentel_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Aquilino Pimentel Jr.">Aquilino Pimentel Jr.</a> revealed that he had "mixed feelings" about Aquino's death, he also said that the country "shall be forever indebted to Cory for rallying the nation behind the campaign to topple dictatorial rule and restore democracy".<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Filipino citizens throughout the country wore either yellow shirts or held masses to pay tribute to Aquino. Yellow ribbons, which were a symbol of support for Aquino after the 1986 election and during the People Power Revolution, were tied along major national roads as a sign of solidarity and support for Aquino and her grieving family. On popular social networking sites such as <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>, Filipinos posted yellow ribbons on their accounts as tribute. Following her death, Filipino Catholics called on the Church to have Aquino canonized and declared as a <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saint</a>. Days after her funeral, the <a href="/wiki/Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas" title="Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas">Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas</a> (BSP) announced that it supported calls to put the former president on the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_five_hundred-peso_note" title="Philippine five hundred-peso note">500-Peso banknote</a> alongside Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr., her deceased husband. The bill had previously featured a portrait of only Benigno Aquino Jr. since 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="International_reaction">International reaction</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: International reaction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Messages of sympathy were sent by various national heads of state and international leaders. </p><p>Pope <a href="/wiki/Benedict_XVI" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedict XVI">Benedict XVI</a>, in his letter to Archbishop Rosales, recalled Aquino's "courageous commitment to the freedom of the Filipino people, her firm rejection of violence and intolerance" and called her a woman of courage and faith. </p><p>U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, through White House Press Secretary <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gibbs" title="Robert Gibbs">Robert Gibbs</a>, said that "her courage, determination, and moral leadership are an inspiration to us all and exemplify the best in the Filipino nation". U.S. Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> expressed sadness over the death of Aquino, to whom she had sent a personal letter of best wishes for recovery while she was still in hospital in July 2009. Clinton said that Aquino was "admired by the world for her extraordinary courage" in leading the fight against dictatorship.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>South African President <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma" title="Jacob Zuma">Jacob Zuma</a> called Aquino "a great leader who set a shining example of peaceful transition to democracy in her country".<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a> of the United Kingdom, through the British Ambassador in Manila, sent a message to the Filipino people which read: "I am saddened to hear of the death of Corazon 'Cory' Aquino the former president of the Republic of the Philippines". She also added, "I send my sincere condolences to her family and to the people of the Philippines. Signed, Elizabeth R".<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Russian President <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a> stated in a telegram to President Arroyo that "the name of Corazon Aquino is associated with a period of profound reforms and the democratic transformation of Filipino society". Medvedev also lauded Aquino's sympathy to Russian people and her contribution to the improvement of <a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Philippines–Russia relations">Russian-Filipino relations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Timor-Leste" class="mw-redirect" title="Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</a> President <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wan_Azizah" class="mw-redirect" title="Wan Azizah">Wan Azizah</a>, wife of Malaysian opposition leader <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a>, came to the Philippines to express their sympathies and attend Aquino's funeral. </p><p>Soon after her 2010 release from her two-decade prison sentence, Aung San Suu Kyi of <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> publicly cited Aquino as one of her inspirations. She also expressed her good wishes for Aquino's son, then-incumbent president of the Philippines <a href="/wiki/Benigno_S._Aquino_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Benigno S. Aquino III">Benigno S. Aquino III</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2008, a musical play about Aquino entitled <i>Cory, the Musical</i> was staged at the <a href="/wiki/Meralco_Theater" title="Meralco Theater">Meralco Theater</a>. It was written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Nestor_Torre_Jr." title="Nestor Torre Jr.">Nestor Torre Jr.</a> and starred Isay Alvarez as Aquino. The musical featured a <a href="/wiki/Libretto" title="Libretto">libretto</a> of 19 original songs composed by Lourdes Pimentel, wife of Senator Aquilino Pimentel Jr.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_honors">Legacy and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Legacy and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monumentsjf2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Monumentsjf2.JPG/220px-Monumentsjf2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Monumentsjf2.JPG/330px-Monumentsjf2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Monumentsjf2.JPG/440px-Monumentsjf2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Cory Aquino memorial at <a href="/wiki/General_Tinio,_Nueva_Ecija" class="mw-redirect" title="General Tinio, Nueva Ecija">General Tinio, Nueva Ecija</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BantayogWall20181115Alternativity-2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/BantayogWall20181115Alternativity-2009.jpg/220px-BantayogWall20181115Alternativity-2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/BantayogWall20181115Alternativity-2009.jpg/330px-BantayogWall20181115Alternativity-2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/BantayogWall20181115Alternativity-2009.jpg/440px-BantayogWall20181115Alternativity-2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Detail of the Wall of Remembrance at the <a href="/wiki/Bantayog_ng_mga_Bayani" title="Bantayog ng mga Bayani">Bantayog ng mga Bayani</a>, showing names from the 2009 batch of Bantayog Honorees, including that of Corazon Aquino</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2010-NHI-Corazon_C._Aquino.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/2010-NHI-Corazon_C._Aquino.png/220px-2010-NHI-Corazon_C._Aquino.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/2010-NHI-Corazon_C._Aquino.png/330px-2010-NHI-Corazon_C._Aquino.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/2010-NHI-Corazon_C._Aquino.png/440px-2010-NHI-Corazon_C._Aquino.png 2x" data-file-width="2467" data-file-height="3683" /></a><figcaption>Corazon Aquino historical marker in Tarlac City issued by the <a href="/wiki/National_Historical_Commission_of_the_Philippines" title="National Historical Commission of the Philippines">NHI</a> in 2010</figcaption></figure> <p>After her peaceful accession to the presidency and the ousting of President Marcos, Aquino was named <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine's <a href="/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year" title="Time Person of the Year">Woman of the Year</a> in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1999, Aquino was chosen by <i>Time</i> as one of the 20 Most Influential Asians of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Time</i> also cited her as one of 65 great Asian Heroes in November 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1994, Aquino was cited as one of <i>100 Women Who Shaped World History</i> in a reference book written by Gail Meyer Rolka.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1996, she received the <a href="/wiki/Fulbright_Program" title="Fulbright Program">J. William Fulbright Prize for International Understanding</a> from the Fulbright Association.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998, she was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Ramon_Magsaysay_Award" title="Ramon Magsaysay Award">Ramon Magsaysay Award</a> in recognition of her role in peaceful revolution to attain democracy.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since her death in 2009, the legacy of Corazon Aquino has prompted various namings of public landmarks and creations of memorials. Among these are as follows: </p> <ul><li>On November 30, 2009, Aquino's name was enshrined at the <a href="/wiki/Bantayog_ng_mga_Bayani" title="Bantayog ng mga Bayani">Bantayog ng mga Bayani</a>, a monument dedicated to individuals who fought for the restoration of Philippine democracy and opposed the Marcos dictatorship. Her husband Ninoy was among the first to be enshrined at the monument's Wall of Remembrance.</li> <li>On August 1, 2010, the first anniversary of her death, a 200 ft by 250 ft <a href="/wiki/Photographic_mosaic" title="Photographic mosaic">photo mosaic</a> of Aquino was unveiled near the Quirino Grandstand at the <a href="/wiki/Luneta_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Luneta Park">Luneta Park</a> in the presence of her son, President Benigno Aquino III, and her supporters.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was submitted to <i><a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a></i> to be certified as the largest photo mosaic in the world, and the record was later certified by the World Record Academy (which is not affiliated with <i>Guinness</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_123-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On October 9, 2010, Manila Mayor <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_S._Lim" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfredo S. Lim">Alfredo S. Lim</a> inaugurated a public market in <a href="/wiki/Baseco_Compound" title="Baseco Compound">Baseco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_Area,_Manila" title="Port Area, Manila">Port Area</a> known as the President Corazon C. Aquino Public Market.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On December 16, 2010, President Benigno Aquino III and the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (Central Bank of the Philippines) announced the release of newly designed 500-peso banknotes that feature both Senator <a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_Jr" class="mw-redirect" title="Benigno Aquino Jr">Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr.</a> and Corazon Aquino.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The previous design featured only Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr. and had been in circulation since 1987.</li> <li>On February 13, 2013, the Corazon Aquino Democratic Space was launched at the <a href="/wiki/De_La_Salle_University" title="De La Salle University">De La Salle University</a>, alongside the formal inauguration of the new Henry Sy, Sr. Hall.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On July 28, 2014, the <i>Republic Act No. 10663</i>, which named a circumferential road in <a href="/wiki/Iloilo_City" title="Iloilo City">Iloilo City</a> to President Corazon C. Aquino Avenue, was signed into law by President Benigno Aquino III.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2015, the new <a href="/wiki/Corazon_C._Aquino_Hospital" title="Corazon C. Aquino Hospital">Corazon C. Aquino Hospital</a> in Barangay Biasong, <a href="/wiki/Dipolog" title="Dipolog">Dipolog</a> was opened to the public.</li> <li>On December 10, 2015, the <i>Republic Act No. 10716</i>, which renamed Batasan Hills High School (BHES) into "President Corazon C. Aquino Elementary School" (PCCAES) in <a href="/wiki/Batasan_Hills,_Quezon_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Batasan Hills, Quezon City">Batasan Hills, Quezon City</a>, was signed into law by President Benigno Aquino III.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On June 29, 2018, the <i>Republic Act No. 11045</i>, which renamed the Kay Tikling-Antipolo-Teresa-Morong National Road to Corazon C. Aquino Avenue, was signed into law by President <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a>. Corazon C. Aquino Avenue is a road traversing from <a href="/wiki/Taytay,_Rizal" title="Taytay, Rizal">Taytay</a> to <a href="/wiki/Morong,_Rizal" title="Morong, Rizal">Morong</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rizal_(province)" title="Rizal (province)">Rizal</a> (including the segment of <a href="/wiki/Ortigas_Avenue" title="Ortigas Avenue">Ortigas Avenue</a> Extension from Taytay to <a href="/wiki/Antipolo" title="Antipolo">Antipolo</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In 2018, she was recognized by the Human Rights Victims Claims Board as a <a href="/wiki/Motu_proprio" title="Motu proprio">motu proprio</a> human rights violations victim of the <a href="/wiki/Martial_law_under_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos martial law era</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_achievements">Awards and achievements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Awards and achievements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Corazon_Aquino" title="Special:EditPage/Corazon Aquino">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National">National</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: National"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PHL_Legion_of_Honor_-_Chief_Commander_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/PHL_Legion_of_Honor_-_Chief_Commander_BAR.png/60px-PHL_Legion_of_Honor_-_Chief_Commander_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/PHL_Legion_of_Honor_-_Chief_Commander_BAR.png/90px-PHL_Legion_of_Honor_-_Chief_Commander_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/PHL_Legion_of_Honor_-_Chief_Commander_BAR.png/120px-PHL_Legion_of_Honor_-_Chief_Commander_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> Chief Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Legion_of_Honor" title="Philippine Legion of Honor">Philippine Legion of Honor</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PHI_Order_of_Sikatuna_2003_Grand_Collar_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/PHI_Order_of_Sikatuna_2003_Grand_Collar_BAR.svg/60px-PHI_Order_of_Sikatuna_2003_Grand_Collar_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/PHI_Order_of_Sikatuna_2003_Grand_Collar_BAR.svg/90px-PHI_Order_of_Sikatuna_2003_Grand_Collar_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/PHI_Order_of_Sikatuna_2003_Grand_Collar_BAR.svg/120px-PHI_Order_of_Sikatuna_2003_Grand_Collar_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> Grand Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Sikatuna" title="Order of Sikatuna">Order of Sikatuna</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_honors">Foreign honors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Foreign honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ARG_Order_of_the_Liberator_San_Martin_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/ARG_Order_of_the_Liberator_San_Martin_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/60px-ARG_Order_of_the_Liberator_San_Martin_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/ARG_Order_of_the_Liberator_San_Martin_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/90px-ARG_Order_of_the_Liberator_San_Martin_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/ARG_Order_of_the_Liberator_San_Martin_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/120px-ARG_Order_of_the_Liberator_San_Martin_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Liberator_General_San_Mart%C3%ADn" title="Order of the Liberator General San Martín">Order of the Liberator General San Martín</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ordre_national_du_Merite_GC_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Ordre_national_du_Merite_GC_ribbon.svg/60px-Ordre_national_du_Merite_GC_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Ordre_national_du_Merite_GC_ribbon.svg/90px-Ordre_national_du_Merite_GC_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Ordre_national_du_Merite_GC_ribbon.svg/120px-Ordre_national_du_Merite_GC_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Ordre_national_du_M%C3%A9rite" title="Ordre national du Mérite">National Order of Merit</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cordone_di_gran_Croce_OMRI_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cordone_di_gran_Croce_OMRI_BAR.svg/60px-Cordone_di_gran_Croce_OMRI_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cordone_di_gran_Croce_OMRI_BAR.svg/90px-Cordone_di_gran_Croce_OMRI_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cordone_di_gran_Croce_OMRI_BAR.svg/120px-Cordone_di_gran_Croce_OMRI_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Italian_Republic" title="Order of Merit of the Italian Republic">Order of Merit of the Italian Republic</a>, 1st class<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JPN_Daikun%27i_kikkasho_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/JPN_Daikun%27i_kikkasho_BAR.svg/60px-JPN_Daikun%27i_kikkasho_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/JPN_Daikun%27i_kikkasho_BAR.svg/90px-JPN_Daikun%27i_kikkasho_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/JPN_Daikun%27i_kikkasho_BAR.svg/120px-JPN_Daikun%27i_kikkasho_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> Grand Cordon of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Chrysanthemum" title="Order of the Chrysanthemum">Order of the Chrysanthemum</a><sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Pakistan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Order_of_Pakistan.png/60px-Order_of_Pakistan.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Order_of_Pakistan.png/90px-Order_of_Pakistan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Order_of_Pakistan.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="30" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nishan-e-Pakistan" title="Nishan-e-Pakistan">Order of Pakistan</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_White_Elephant_-_Special_Class_(Thailand)_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Order_of_the_White_Elephant_-_Special_Class_%28Thailand%29_ribbon.svg/60px-Order_of_the_White_Elephant_-_Special_Class_%28Thailand%29_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Order_of_the_White_Elephant_-_Special_Class_%28Thailand%29_ribbon.svg/90px-Order_of_the_White_Elephant_-_Special_Class_%28Thailand%29_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Order_of_the_White_Elephant_-_Special_Class_%28Thailand%29_ribbon.svg/120px-Order_of_the_White_Elephant_-_Special_Class_%28Thailand%29_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> Knight Grand Order of <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_White_Elephant" title="Order of the White Elephant">Order of the White Elephant</a> (declined)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recognition">Recognition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1986 <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year" title="Time Person of the Year">Woman of the Year</a></li> <li>1986 <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a> Human Rights Award</li> <li>1986 United Nations Silver Medal</li> <li>1986 Canadian International Prize for Freedom</li> <li>1986 International Democracy Award from the International Association of Political Consultants</li> <li>1987 <a href="/wiki/Prize_For_Freedom" title="Prize For Freedom">Prize For Freedom</a> Award from <a href="/wiki/Liberal_International" title="Liberal International">Liberal International</a></li> <li>1993 Special Peace Award from the Aurora Aragon Quezon Peace Awards Foundation and Concerned Women of the Philippines</li> <li>1995 Path to Peace Award</li> <li>1996 <a href="/wiki/Fulbright_Program" title="Fulbright Program">J. William Fulbright Prize for International Understanding</a> from the U.S. Department of State</li> <li>1998 <a href="/wiki/Ramon_Magsaysay_Award" title="Ramon Magsaysay Award">Ramon Magsaysay Award</a> for International Understanding</li> <li>1998 Pearl S. Buck Award</li> <li>1999 One of <i>Time</i> magazine's 20 Most Influential Asians of the 20th Century</li> <li>2001 <a href="/wiki/World_Citizenship_Award" title="World Citizenship Award">World Citizenship Award</a></li> <li>2005 <a href="/wiki/David_Rockefeller" title="David Rockefeller">David Rockefeller</a> Bridging Leadership Awards</li> <li>2005 One of the <i>World's Elite Women Who Make a Difference</i> by the International Women's Forum Hall of Fame</li> <li>2006 One of <i>Time</i> magazine's 65 Asian Heroes</li> <li>2008 One of A Different View's 15 Champions of World Democracy</li> <li>EWC Asia Pacific Community Building Award</li> <li>Women's International Center International Leadership Living Legacy Award</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Center_for_Nonviolent_Social_Change#Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Nonviolent_Peace_Prize" title="King Center for Nonviolent Social Change">Martin Luther King Jr. Nonviolent Peace Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Fund_for_Women" title="United Nations Development Fund for Women">United Nations Development Fund for Women</a> Noel Foundation Life Award</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honorary_doctorates">Honorary doctorates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Honorary doctorates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Doctor of International Relations, honoris causa, from: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston University</a> in Boston</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_University_(United_States)" title="Eastern University (United States)">Eastern University</a> in St. David, Pennsylvania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fordham_University" title="Fordham University">Fordham University</a> in New York</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waseda_University" title="Waseda University">Waseda University</a> in Tokyo</li></ul></li> <li>Doctor of Civil Law, honoris causa, from: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_University" title="Far Eastern University">Far Eastern University</a> (59th Commencement Exercises, March 1987)</li></ul></li> <li>Doctor of Laws, honoris causa, from: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_Diliman" title="University of the Philippines Diliman">University of the Philippines Diliman</a> in Quezon City</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Santo_Tomas" title="University of Santo Tomas">University of Santo Tomas</a> in Manila</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hong_Kong" title="University of Hong Kong">University of Hong Kong</a> in Hong Kong</li></ul></li> <li>Doctor of Humane Letters, honoris causa, from: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ateneo_de_Manila_University" title="Ateneo de Manila University">Ateneo de Manila University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Mount_Saint_Vincent" class="mw-redirect" title="College of Mount Saint Vincent">College of Mount Saint Vincent</a> in New York</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_University_%E2%80%93_Ateneo_de_Cagayan" title="Xavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan">Xavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan</a> in Cagayan de Oro</li></ul></li> <li>Doctor of Humanities, honoris causa, from: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicol_University" title="Bicol University">Bicol University</a> (Posthumous) in Legazpi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Beda_College" class="mw-redirect" title="San Beda College">San Beda College</a> in Manila</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle_University" title="Seattle University">Seattle University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonehill_College" title="Stonehill College">Stonehill College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Easton,_Massachusetts" title="Easton, Massachusetts">Easton, Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oregon" title="University of Oregon">University of Oregon</a></li></ul></li> <li>Doctor of Public Administration, honoris causa, from: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pamantasan_ng_Lungsod_ng_Maynila" title="Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila">Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila</a> (University of the City of Manila)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Filipino_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees" title="List of Filipino Nobel laureates and nominees">List of Filipino Nobel laureates and nominees</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Philippines was a unincorporated territory of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Insular_Government_of_the_Philippine_Islands" title="Insular Government of the Philippine Islands">Philippine Islands</a> at the time of Aquino's birth.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Diokno's ancestor is Demetria Sumulong who was born in Antipolo before moving south, her common ancestor with Aquino is Francisco Sumulong (born 1695).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFQuiñones2018" class="citation web cs1">Quiñones, Klarenz (December 1, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geni.com/people/Francisco-Sumulong/6000000030469689838">"Francisco Sumulong"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://familiasauza.webs.com/">the original</a> on March 10, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Sauza-Berenguer+de+Marquina+Official+Website&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffamiliasauza.webs.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorazon+Aquino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nhcp-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nhcp_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nhcp.gov.ph/maria-corazon-cojuangco-aquino/">"Maria Corazon Cojuangco Aquino"</a>. <i>nhcp.gov.ph</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Historical_Commission_of_the_Philippines" title="National Historical Commission of the Philippines">National Historical Commission of the Philippines</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180822051111/http://nhcp.gov.ph/maria-corazon-cojuangco-aquino/">Archived</a> from the original on August 22, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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August 1, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/nation/view/20090801-218244/Nation-lost-mother-guiding-voice">the original</a> on August 2, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABS-CBN+News&rft.atitle=Cory+mosaic+sets+world+record&rft.date=2010-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.abs-cbn.com%2Flifestyle%2F11%2F04%2F10%2Fcory-mosaic-sets-world-record&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorazon+Aquino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><i>New public market named after late President Cory Aquino inaugurated in Baseco Compound</i>, October 9, 2010</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+public+market+named+after+late+President+Cory+Aquino+inaugurated+in+Baseco+Compound&rft.date=2010-10-09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorazon+Aquino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSisante2010" class="citation web cs1">Sisante, Jam (December 16, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/208501/money/cory-ninoy-together-again-on-new-500-peso-bill">"Cory, Ninoy together again on new 500-peso bill"</a>. <i>GMA News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GMA+News&rft.atitle=Cory%2C+Ninoy+together+again+on+new+500-peso+bill&rft.date=2010-12-16&rft.aulast=Sisante&rft.aufirst=Jam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanetwork.com%2Fnews%2Fstory%2F208501%2Fmoney%2Fcory-ninoy-together-again-on-new-500-peso-bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorazon+Aquino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCruz2013" class="citation news cs1">Cruz, Carina (February 15, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thelasallian.com/2013/02/15/president-aquino-attends-donors-night-and-cory-aquino-democratic-space-launch-at-hssc/">"President Aquino attends Donor's Night and Cory Aquino Democratic Space launch at HSSH"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_LaSallian" title="The LaSallian">The LaSallian</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=President+Aquino+attends+Donor%27s+Night+and+Cory+Aquino+Democratic+Space+launch+at+HSSH&rft.date=2013-02-15&rft.aulast=Cruz&rft.aufirst=Carina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthelasallian.com%2F2013%2F02%2F15%2Fpresident-aquino-attends-donors-night-and-cory-aquino-democratic-space-launch-at-hssc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorazon+Aquino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRepublic_Act_No._106632014" class="citation cs2">Republic Act No. 10663 (July 28, 2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/2015/07jul/20150703-RA-10663-BSA.pdf"><i>An Act Naming As the "President Corazon C. Aquino Avenue" the Circumferential Road Which Commences at the Junction of the Iloilo-Dumangas Coastal Road in Balabago, Jaro District, Iloilo City, Then Follows a General Westward Direction Along the Floodway's South Bank Towards Buhang, Jaro; Tacas, Jaro and Ungka Ii, Pavia, Then Traverses Southwards to the Mandurriao District, Iloilo City-Pavia-San Miguel Tri-Border, and Ends at the Iloilo-Antique Road, Near the Center of Arevalo District, Iloilo City</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Act+Naming+As+the+%22President+Corazon+C.+Aquino+Avenue%22+the+Circumferential+Road+Which+Commences+at+the+Junction+of+the+Iloilo-Dumangas+Coastal+Road+in+Balabago%2C+Jaro+District%2C+Iloilo+City%2C+Then+Follows+a+General+Westward+Direction+Along+the+Floodway%27s+South+Bank+Towards+Buhang%2C+Jaro%3B+Tacas%2C+Jaro+and+Ungka+Ii%2C+Pavia%2C+Then+Traverses+Southwards+to+the+Mandurriao+District%2C+Iloilo+City-Pavia-San+Miguel+Tri-Border%2C+and+Ends+at+the+Iloilo-Antique+Road%2C+Near+the+Center+of+Arevalo+District%2C+Iloilo+City&rft.date=2014-07-28&rft.au=Republic+Act+No.+10663&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.officialgazette.gov.ph%2Fdownloads%2F2015%2F07jul%2F20150703-RA-10663-BSA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorazon+Aquino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRepublic_Act_No._107162015" class="citation cs2">Republic Act No. 10716 (December 10, 2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/2015/12dec/20151210-RA-10716-BSA.pdf"><i>An Act Changing the Name of Batasan Hills National High School in Barangay Batasan Hills, City of Quezon, Metro Manila to Corazon C. Aquino National High School</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Act+Changing+the+Name+of+Batasan+Hills+National+High+School+in+Barangay+Batasan+Hills%2C+City+of+Quezon%2C+Metro+Manila+to+Corazon+C.+Aquino+National+High+School&rft.date=2015-12-10&rft.au=Republic+Act+No.+10716&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.officialgazette.gov.ph%2Fdownloads%2F2015%2F12dec%2F20151210-RA-10716-BSA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorazon+Aquino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRepublic_Act_No._110452018" class="citation cs2">Republic Act No. 11045 (June 29, 2018), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/2018/06jun/20180629-RA-11045-RRD.pdf"><i>An Act Renaming the Kay Tikling-Antipolo-Teresa-Morong National Road in the Province of Rizal, Traversing Through Barangay Dolores in the Municipality of Taytay up to Barangay Maybancal in the Municipality of Morong, as Corazon C. Aquino Avenue</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Act+Renaming+the+Kay+Tikling-Antipolo-Teresa-Morong+National+Road+in+the+Province+of+Rizal%2C+Traversing+Through+Barangay+Dolores+in+the+Municipality+of+Taytay+up+to+Barangay+Maybancal+in+the+Municipality+of+Morong%2C+as+Corazon+C.+Aquino+Avenue&rft.date=2018-06-29&rft.au=Republic+Act+No.+11045&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.officialgazette.gov.ph%2Fdownloads%2F2018%2F06jun%2F20180629-RA-11045-RRD.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorazon+Aquino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrvvmemcom.gov.ph/roll-of-victims/roll-of-victims-motu-propio/">"Motu Proprio -"</a>. <i>Human Rights Violations Victims' Memorial Commission</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Violations+Victims%27+Memorial+Commission&rft.atitle=Motu+Proprio+-&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhrvvmemcom.gov.ph%2Froll-of-victims%2Froll-of-victims-motu-propio%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorazon+Aquino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFquirinale.it" class="citation web cs1">quirinale.it (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quirinale.it/elementi/DettaglioOnorificenze.aspx?decorato=14729">"Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 22,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cavaliere+di+Gran+Croce+Ordine+al+Merito+della+Repubblica+Italiana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.quirinale.it%2Felementi%2FDettaglioOnorificenze.aspx%3Fdecorato%3D14729&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorazon+Aquino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161013003612/http://www.gov.ph/featured/filipino-recipients-of-japanese-decorations-and-japanese-recipients-of-philippine-decorations/">"Elenco dei filippini insigniti di onorificenze giapponesi e dei giapponesi insigniti di onorificenze filippine"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.ph/featured/filipino-recipients-of-japanese-decorations-and-japanese-recipients-of-philippine-decorations/">the original</a> on October 13, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 29,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elenco+dei+filippini+insigniti+di+onorificenze+giapponesi+e+dei+giapponesi+insigniti+di+onorificenze+filippine.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.ph%2Ffeatured%2Ffilipino-recipients-of-japanese-decorations-and-japanese-recipients-of-philippine-decorations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorazon+Aquino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAquino2020" class="citation book cs1">Aquino, Cory (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sIkEzgEACAAJ"><i>To Love Another Day: The Memoirs of Cory Aquino</i></a>. Independently published. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-8677358920" title="Special:BookSources/979-8677358920"><bdi>979-8677358920</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+Love+Another+Day%3A+The+Memoirs+of+Cory+Aquino&rft.pub=Independently+published&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=979-8677358920&rft.aulast=Aquino&rft.aufirst=Cory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsIkEzgEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorazon+Aquino" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2004" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Anni P. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JoKXL38vGsUC"><i>American Soldiers Overseas: The Global Military Presence</i></a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0275973549" title="Special:BookSources/0275973549"><bdi>0275973549</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Soldiers+Overseas%3A+The+Global+Military+Presence&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0275973549&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Anni+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJoKXL38vGsUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorazon+Aquino" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernas1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joaquin_G._Bernas" class="mw-redirect" title="Joaquin G. Bernas">Bernas, Joaquin G.</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JHDaAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Intent of the 1986 Constitution Writers</i></a>. Manila: <a href="/wiki/Rex_Bookstore" class="mw-redirect" title="Rex Bookstore">Rex Bookstore</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789712319341" title="Special:BookSources/9789712319341"><bdi>9789712319341</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Intent+of+the+1986+Constitution+Writers&rft.place=Manila&rft.pub=Rex+Bookstore&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9789712319341&rft.aulast=Bernas&rft.aufirst=Joaquin+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJHDaAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorazon+Aquino" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrisostomo1987" class="citation book cs1">Crisostomo, Isabelo T. (1987). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/coryprofileofpre00cris/"><i>Cory, Profile of a President: The Historic Rise to Power of Corazon</i></a></span>. Philippines: Branden Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780828319133" title="Special:BookSources/9780828319133"><bdi>9780828319133</bdi></a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cory%2C+Profile+of+a+President%3A+The+Historic+Rise+to+Power+of+Corazon.&rft.place=Philippines&rft.pub=Branden+Books&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9780828319133&rft.aulast=Crisostomo&rft.aufirst=Isabelo+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcoryprofileofpre00cris%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorazon+Aquino" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHooke1997" class="citation book cs1">Hooke, Norman (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cIgTAAAAYAAJ"><i>Maritime Casualties, 1963-1996</i></a>. Virginia: LLP. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781859781104" title="Special:BookSources/9781859781104"><bdi>9781859781104</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maritime+Casualties%2C+1963-1996&rft.place=Virginia&rft.pub=LLP&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9781859781104&rft.aulast=Hooke&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcIgTAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorazon+Aquino" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPenson-Juico2009" class="citation book cs1">Penson-Juico, Margie (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RneYPgAACAAJ"><i>Cory: An Intimate Portrait</i></a>. Anvil Publishing, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9712721823" title="Special:BookSources/978-9712721823"><bdi>978-9712721823</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cory%3A+An+Intimate+Portrait&rft.pub=Anvil+Publishing%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-9712721823&rft.aulast=Penson-Juico&rft.aufirst=Margie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRneYPgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorazon+Aquino" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPenson-Juico2010" class="citation book cs1">Penson-Juico, Margie (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4zP-cQAACAAJ"><i>Cory: An Intimate Portrait II</i></a>. Anvil Publishing, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9712723711" title="Special:BookSources/978-9712723711"><bdi>978-9712723711</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cory%3A+An+Intimate+Portrait+II&rft.pub=Anvil+Publishing%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-9712723711&rft.aulast=Penson-Juico&rft.aufirst=Margie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4zP-cQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorazon+Aquino" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalaw-Tirol2004" class="citation book cs1">Kalaw-Tirol, Lorna (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JHDaAAAAMAAJ"><i>Asia's New Crisis: Renewal Through Total Ethical Management</i></a>. United States: <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">Wiley</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780470821299" title="Special:BookSources/9780470821299"><bdi>9780470821299</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asia%27s+New+Crisis%3A+Renewal+Through+Total+Ethical+Management&rft.place=United+States&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780470821299&rft.aulast=Kalaw-Tirol&rft.aufirst=Lorna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJHDaAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorazon+Aquino" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichter2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frank-J%C3%BCrgen_Richter" title="Frank-Jürgen Richter">Richter, Frank-Jürgen</a> (2014). <i>Public Faces, Private Lives</i>. Germany: <a href="/wiki/Policy_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Policy Press">Policy Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781447316374" title="Special:BookSources/9781447316374"><bdi>9781447316374</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Public+Faces%2C+Private+Lives&rft.place=Germany&rft.pub=Policy+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781447316374&rft.aulast=Richter&rft.aufirst=Frank-J%C3%BCrgen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorazon+Aquino" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkard2014" class="citation book cs1">Skard, Torild (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RWA5BAAAQBAJ"><i>Public Faces, Private Lives</i></a>. Great Britain: <a href="/wiki/Policy_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Policy Press">Policy Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781447316374" title="Special:BookSources/9781447316374"><bdi>9781447316374</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Public+Faces%2C+Private+Lives&rft.place=Great+Britain&rft.pub=Policy+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781447316374&rft.aulast=Skard&rft.aufirst=Torild&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRWA5BAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorazon+Aquino" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Corazon_Aquino" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Corazon_Aquino" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coryaquino.ph/">Official website of Corazon Aquino</a> – maintained by the Ninoy and Cory Aquino Foundation</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071104122404/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,963185,00.html"><i>Time</i> Woman of the Year: Corazon "Cory" Aquino</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WX9ysynaIq0"><span class="plainlinks">Aquino's historic speech before the U.S. Congress</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/01/world/asia/01aquino.html"><i>New York Times</i> obituary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091222045537/http://www.bayangmagiliw.info/pangulong-cory-aquino-sa-time-magazine/">President Aquino in <i>Time</i> magazine's year ender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Socialist_Web_Site" title="World Socialist Web Site">World Socialist Web Site</a> obituary: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2009/08/cory-a04.html">part one</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2009/08/cory-a05.html">part two</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?10581">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President of the Philippines</a> </b><br />February 25, 1986–June 30, 1992 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel V. Ramos</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><b>First</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_Nationalist_Democratic_Organization" title="United Nationalist Democratic Organization">UNIDO</a> nominee for President of the Philippines </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1986_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1986 Philippine presidential election">1986</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Party dissolved </b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/PDP%E2%80%93Laban" class="mw-redirect" title="PDP–Laban">PDP–Laban</a> nominee for President of the Philippines </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1986_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1986 Philippine presidential election">1986</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title next held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Corazon_Aquino" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Corazon_Aquino" title="Template:Corazon Aquino"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Corazon_Aquino" title="Template talk:Corazon Aquino"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Corazon_Aquino" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Corazon Aquino"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Corazon_Aquino" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Corazon Aquino</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="List of presidents of the Philippines">11th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President of the Philippines</a> (1986–1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Corazon_Aquino" title="Presidency of Corazon Aquino">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">EDSA Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_Philippines_(1986%E2%80%931987)" title="Provisional Government of the Philippines (1986–1987)">1986–1987 provisional government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_attempts_against_Corazon_Aquino" title="Coup attempts against Corazon Aquino">Coup attempts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coup_attempts_against_Corazon_Aquino#"God_Save_the_Queen"_Plot" title="Coup attempts against Corazon Aquino">November 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_1987_Philippine_coup_attempt" title="January 1987 Philippine coup attempt">January 1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_attempts_against_Corazon_Aquino#Black_Saturday_incident" title="Coup attempts against Corazon Aquino">April 1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1987_Philippine_coup_attempt" title="August 1987 Philippine coup attempt">August 1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Philippine_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1989 Philippine coup d'état attempt">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Hotel_Delfino_siege" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 Hotel Delfino siege">March 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Mindanao_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 Mindanao crisis">October 1990</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies<br /> and legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Philippines" title="Constitution of the Philippines">1987 Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_by_Corazon_Aquino" title="List of executive orders by Corazon Aquino">Executive orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Big_Bird" title="Operation Big Bird">Operation Big Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Code_of_the_Philippines" title="Family Code of the Philippines">Family Code of 1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_legal_codes" title="Philippine legal codes">Local Government Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_legal_codes" title="Philippine legal codes">Administrative Code of 1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Agrarian_Reform_Program" title="Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program">Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Region_in_Muslim_Mindanao" title="Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao">Creation of Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordillera_Administrative_Region" title="Cordillera Administrative Region">Creation of Cordillera Administrative Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Armed_Force_Geographical_Unit" title="Citizen Armed Force Geographical Unit">Citizen Armed Force Geographical Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Interior_and_Local_Government" title="Department of the Interior and Local Government">DILG Act of 1990</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino%27s_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Corazon Aquino's Inaugural Address">Inaugural address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Nation_Address_(Philippines)" title="State of the Nation Address (Philippines)">State of the Nation Address</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino%27s_First_State_of_the_Nation_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Corazon Aquino's First State of the Nation Address">1987</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino%27s_Second_State_of_the_Nation_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Corazon Aquino's Second State of the Nation Address">1988</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino%27s_Third_State_of_the_Nation_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Corazon Aquino's Third State of the Nation Address">1989</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino%27s_Fourth_State_of_the_Nation_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Corazon Aquino's Fourth State of the Nation Address">1990</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino%27s_Fifth_State_of_the_Nation_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Corazon Aquino's Fifth State of the Nation Address">1991</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg/135px-Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg/203px-Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg/270px-Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg 2x" data-file-width="894" data-file-height="1192" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Presidential_Seal_of_the_Philippines_3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Presidential_Seal_of_the_Philippines_3.png/100px-Presidential_Seal_of_the_Philippines_3.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Presidential_Seal_of_the_Philippines_3.png/150px-Presidential_Seal_of_the_Philippines_3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Presidential_Seal_of_the_Philippines_3.png/200px-Presidential_Seal_of_the_Philippines_3.png 2x" data-file-width="5688" data-file-height="5688" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1986_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1986 Philippine presidential election">1986 snap elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Philippine_general_election" title="1992 Philippine general election">1992 presidential election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aquino_family" title="Aquino family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ninoy_Aquino" title="Ninoy Aquino">Ninoy Aquino</a> (husband)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno Aquino III</a> (son)</li> <li>María Elena Cruz (daughter)</li> <li>Aurora Corazón Abellada (daughter)</li> <li>Victoria Elisa Dee (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kris_Aquino" title="Kris Aquino">Kris Aquino</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimby_Aquino_Yap" title="Bimby Aquino Yap">Bimby Aquino Yap</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Cojuangco" title="José Cojuangco">José Cojuangco Sr.</a> (father)</li> <li>Demetria Sumulong (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Sumulong" title="Juan Sumulong">Juan Sumulong</a> (grandfather)</li> <li>Eduardo Cojuangco Sr. (uncle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Cojuangco_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Eduardo Cojuangco Jr.">Eduardo Cojuangco Jr.</a> (cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Cojuangco_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Cojuangco Jr.">Jose Cojuangco Jr.</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_C._Reyes" title="Josephine C. Reyes">Josephine C. Reyes</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Cojuangco" title="Mark Cojuangco">Mark Cojuangco</a> (nephew)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikee_Cojuangco-Jaworski" title="Mikee Cojuangco-Jaworski">Mikee Cojuangco-Jaworski</a> (niece)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cojuangco" title="Cojuangco">Cojuangco</a> (clan)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Corazon_Aquino" title="Death and funeral of Corazon Aquino">Death and memorial service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="8th Congress of the Philippines">8th Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDP%E2%80%93Laban" class="mw-redirect" title="PDP–Laban">PDP–Laban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nationalist_Democratic_Organization" title="United Nationalist Democratic Organization">UNIDO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_Japanese_ODA_scandal" title="Marcos Japanese ODA scandal">Marcos Japanese ODA scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laban_sign" title="Laban sign">Laban sign</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Journey_of_Ninoy" title="The Last Journey of Ninoy">The Last Journey of Ninoy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maalaala_Mo_Kaya" title="Maalaala Mo Kaya">Maalaala Mo Kaya</a>: The Ninoy and Cory Aquino Story</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Kalapati" title="Kalapati">Kalapati</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Makinilya" title="Makinilya">Makinilya</a>")</li> <li>Domestic incidents <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mendiola_massacre" title="Mendiola massacre">Mendiola massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Cawa-Cawa_siege" title="Camp Cawa-Cawa siege">Camp Cawa-Cawa siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vizconde_murders" title="Vizconde murders">Vizconde massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hultman%E2%80%93Chapman_murder_case" title="Hultman–Chapman murder case">Hultman–Chapman double-murder case</a></li></ul></li> <li>Natural disasters <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Peggy_(1986)" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoon Peggy (1986)">Peggy (Gading)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Airlines_Flight_206" title="Philippine Airlines Flight 206">PR 206 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Betty_(1987)" title="Typhoon Betty (1987)">Betty (Herming)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Nina_(1987)" title="Typhoon Nina (1987)">Nina (Sisang)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Do%C3%B1a_Paz" title="MV Doña Paz">Sinking of MV <i>Doña Paz</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Ruby_(1988)" title="Typhoon Ruby (1988)">Ruby (Unsang)</a> and <a href="/wiki/MV_Do%C3%B1a_Marilyn" title="MV Doña Marilyn">Sinking of MV <i>Doña Marilyn</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Skip_(1988)" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoon Skip (1988)">Skip (Yoning)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Gordon" title="Typhoon Gordon">Gordon (Goring)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Angela_(1989)" title="Typhoon Angela (1989)">Angela (Rubing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Dan_(1989)" title="Typhoon Dan (1989)">Dan (Saling)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Elsie_(1989)" title="Typhoon Elsie (1989)">Elsie (Tasing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Luzon_earthquake" title="1990 Luzon earthquake">1990 Luzon earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Mike" title="Typhoon Mike">Mike (Ruping)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_eruption_of_Mount_Pinatubo" title="1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo">1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Yunya_(1991)" title="Typhoon Yunya (1991)">Yunya (Diding)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Thelma" title="Tropical Storm Thelma">Thelma (Uring)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">← Ferdinand Marcos</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel V. Ramos →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Lopez" title="Fernando Lopez">← Fernando Lopez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Laurel" title="Salvador Laurel">Salvador Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Corazon_Aquino" title="Category:Corazon Aquino">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Corazon_Aquino" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Corazon Aquino">Commons</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikidata page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/16px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/24px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1480" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q1480">Wikidata</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisource page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Corazon_Aquino" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Corazon Aquino">Wikisource</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="22x22px&#124;link=&#124;alt=_National_symbols_of_the_Philippines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Symbols_of_the_Philippines" title="Template:Symbols of the Philippines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Symbols_of_the_Philippines" title="Template talk:Symbols of the Philippines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Symbols_of_the_Philippines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Symbols of the Philippines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="22x22px&#124;link=&#124;alt=_National_symbols_of_the_Philippines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="568" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_the_Philippines" title="National symbols of the Philippines">National symbols of the Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnis" title="Arnis">Arnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines" title="Coat of arms of the Philippines">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Sign_Language" title="Filipino Sign Language">Filipino Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Philippines" title="Flag of the Philippines">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_the_Philippines" title="Great Seal of the Philippines">Great Seal</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lupang_Hinirang" title="Lupang Hinirang">Lupang Hinirang</a>"</li> <li>"<i><a href="/wiki/Maka-Diyos,_Maka-tao,_Makakalikasan_at_Makabansa" title="Maka-Diyos, Maka-tao, Makakalikasan at Makabansa">Maka-Diyos, Maka-tao, Makakalikasan at Makabansa</a></i>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pterocarpus_indicus" title="Pterocarpus indicus">Narra</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_eagle" title="Philippine eagle">Philippine eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinctada_maxima" title="Pinctada maxima">Philippine pearl</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jasminum_sambac" title="Jasminum sambac">Sampaguita</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/160px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unofficial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_adobo" title="Philippine adobo">Adobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saribus_rotundifolius" title="Saribus rotundifolius">Anahaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahay_kubo" title="Bahay kubo">Bahay kubo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakya" title="Bakya">Bakya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangay" title="Balangay">Balangay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barong_tagalog" title="Barong tagalog">Barong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baro%27t_saya" title="Baro't saya">Baro't saya</a></li> <li>"<i><a href="/wiki/Bayan_Ko" title="Bayan Ko">Bayan Ko</a></i>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carabao" title="Carabao">Carabao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cari%C3%B1osa" title="Cariñosa">Cariñosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeepney" title="Jeepney">Jeepney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_dela_Cruz" title="Juan dela Cruz">Juan dela Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lechon" class="mw-redirect" title="Lechon">Lechon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace" title="Malacañang Palace">Malacañang Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">Mango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milkfish" title="Milkfish">Milkfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines" title="Coat of arms of the Philippines">National Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">Philippine peso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinigang" title="Sinigang">Sinigang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipa" title="Sipa">Sipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinikling" title="Tinikling">Tinikling</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Waling-waling" title="Waling-waling">Waling-waling</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_hero_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="National hero of the Philippines">National heroes</a> <br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Bonifacio" title="Andrés Bonifacio">Andrés Bonifacio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rizal" title="José Rizal">José Rizal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Declared from national legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Benigno Aquino Jr.">Benigno Aquino Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">Martyrs and heroes during the martial law period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Heroes_Day_(Philippines)" title="National Heroes Day (Philippines)">National Heroes Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Valor" title="Day of Valor">Veterans of the Second World War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">From proposed laws</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apolinario_Mabini" title="Apolinario Mabini">Apolinario Mabini</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Corazon Aquino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Silang" title="Gabriela Silang">Gabriela Silang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Luna" title="Juan Luna">Juan Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_H._del_Pilar" title="Marcelo H. del Pilar">Marcelo H. del Pilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchora_Aquino" title="Melchora Aquino">Melchora Aquino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Kudarat" title="Muhammad Kudarat">Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Corazon_Aquino" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Corazon_Aquino" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Corazon Aquino</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Benigno_Aquino_III" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Template:Benigno Aquino III"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Template talk:Benigno Aquino III"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Benigno Aquino III"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Benigno_Aquino_III" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno Aquino III</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="List of presidents of the Philippines">15th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President of the Philippines</a> (2010–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senator of the Philippines</a> (2007–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarlac%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Tarlac's 2nd congressional district">Tarlac 2nd district Congressman</a> (1998–2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Presidency of Benigno Aquino III">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Presidential transition of Benigno Aquino III">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Inauguration of Benigno Aquino III">Inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_by_Benigno_Aquino_III" title="List of executive orders by Benigno Aquino III">Executive orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Benigno_Aquino_III" title="List of international presidential trips made by Benigno Aquino III">International trips</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Political positions of Benigno Aquino III">Policies</a><br /> and legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responsible_Parenthood_and_Reproductive_Health_Act_of_2012" title="Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012">Reproductive Health Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Philippines#K–12_(2012–present)" title="Education in the Philippines">K-12 implementation process</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philippines_v._China" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippines v. China">Philippines v. China</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Defense_Cooperation_Agreement" title="Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement">Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framework_Agreement_on_the_Bangsamoro" title="Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro">Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybercrime_Prevention_Act_of_2012" title="Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012">Anti-Cybercrime Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AFP_Modernization_Act" title="AFP Modernization Act">Revised AFP Modernization Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_the_Philippines#Reforestation" title="Deforestation in the Philippines">National Greening Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_the_Philippines" title="Electricity sector in the Philippines">Sitio Electrification Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disbursement_Acceleration_Program" title="Disbursement Acceleration Program">Disbursement Acceleration Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negros_Island_Region" title="Negros Island Region">Creation of Negros Island Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Statistics_Authority" title="Philippine Statistics Authority">Philippine Statistical Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Information_and_Communications_Technology" title="Department of Information and Communications Technology">DICT Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III%27s_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Benigno Aquino III's Inaugural Address">Inaugural address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Nation_Address_(Philippines)" title="State of the Nation Address (Philippines)">State of the Nation Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_State_of_the_Nation_Address_(Philippines)" title="2010 State of the Nation Address (Philippines)">2010</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III%27s_Second_State_of_the_Nation_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Benigno Aquino III's Second State of the Nation Address">2011</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III%27s_Third_State_of_the_Nation_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Benigno Aquino III's Third State of the Nation Address">2012</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III%27s_Fourth_State_of_the_Nation_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Benigno Aquino III's Fourth State of the Nation Address">2013</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III%27s_Fifth_State_of_the_Nation_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Benigno Aquino III's Fifth State of the Nation Address">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_State_of_the_Nation_Address_(Philippines)" title="2015 State of the Nation Address (Philippines)">2015</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Benigno_%22Noynoy%22_S._Aquino_III_(cropped_portrait).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Benigno_%22Noynoy%22_S._Aquino_III_%28cropped_portrait%29.jpg/135px-Benigno_%22Noynoy%22_S._Aquino_III_%28cropped_portrait%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Benigno_%22Noynoy%22_S._Aquino_III_%28cropped_portrait%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="145" data-file-height="197" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1998_Philippine_general_election" title="1998 Philippine general election">1998 general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Philippine_general_election" title="2007 Philippine general election">2007 general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2010 Philippine presidential election">2010 presidential</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III_2010_presidential_campaign" title="Benigno Aquino III 2010 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Aquino%E2%80%93Binay_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Aquino–Binay campaign">Aquino–Binay campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Philippine_general_election" title="2013 Philippine general election">2013 general</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aquino_family" title="Aquino family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Benigno Aquino Jr.">Benigno Aquino Jr.</a> (father)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Corazon Aquino</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kris_Aquino" title="Kris Aquino">Kris Aquino</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimby_Aquino_Yap" title="Bimby Aquino Yap">Bimby Aquino Yap</a> (nephew)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cojuangco" title="Cojuangco">Cojuangco</a> (clan)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/15th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="15th Congress of the Philippines">15th Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="16th Congress of the Philippines">16th Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laban_sign" title="Laban sign">Laban sign</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noy_(film)" title="Noy (film)">Noy</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noynoying" title="Noynoying">Noynoying</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Journey_of_Ninoy" title="The Last Journey of Ninoy">The Last Journey of Ninoy</a></i></li> <li>Natural disasters <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Megi_(2010)" title="Typhoon Megi (2010)">Megi (Juan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Nesat_(2011)" title="Typhoon Nesat (2011)">Nesat (Pedring)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Washi" title="Tropical Storm Washi">Washi (Sendong)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Luzon_southwest_monsoon_floods" title="2012 Luzon southwest monsoon floods">2012 Luzon southwest monsoon floods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Bopha" title="Typhoon Bopha">Bopha (Pablo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Haiyan" title="Typhoon Haiyan">Haiyan (Yolanda)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Rammasun" title="Typhoon Rammasun">Rammasun (Glenda)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Koppu" title="Typhoon Koppu">Koppu (Lando)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Melor" title="Typhoon Melor">Melor (Nona)</a></li></ul></li> <li>Controversies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shutdown_of_ABS-CBN_broadcasting" title="Shutdown of ABS-CBN broadcasting">Shutdown of ABS-CBN broadcasting</a></li></ul></li> <li>Domestic incidents <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manila_hostage_crisis" title="Manila hostage crisis">Manila hostage crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Renato_Corona" title="Impeachment of Renato Corona">Impeachment of Renato Corona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarborough_Shoal_standoff" title="Scarborough Shoal standoff">Scarborough Shoal standoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Lahad_Datu_standoff" title="2013 Lahad Datu standoff">2013 Lahad Datu standoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang_Da_Xing_No._28_incident" title="Guang Da Xing No. 28 incident">Guang Da Xing No. 28 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pork_barrel_scam" title="Pork barrel scam">Pork barrel scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_City_crisis" title="Zamboanga City crisis">Zamboanga City crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Darkhorse" title="Operation Darkhorse">Operation Darkhorse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visit_by_Pope_Francis_to_the_Philippines" title="Visit by Pope Francis to the Philippines">Visit by Pope Francis to the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamasapano_clash" title="Mamasapano clash">Mamasapano clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Jane_Veloso" title="Mary Jane Veloso">Mary Jane Veloso case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninoy_Aquino_International_Airport_bullet_planting_scandal" title="Ninoy Aquino International Airport bullet planting scandal">NAIA bullet planting scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Philippines_2015" title="APEC Philippines 2015">APEC Philippines 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwata-1" title="Diwata-1"><i>Diwata-1</i> launching</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">← Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noli_de_Castro" title="Noli de Castro">← Noli de Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jejomar_Binay" title="Jejomar Binay">Jejomar Binay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leni_Robredo" title="Leni Robredo">Leni Robredo →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Category:Benigno Aquino III">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Benigno_Aquino_III" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Benigno Aquino III">Commons</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikidata page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/16px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="9" 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/></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Benigno_Aquino_III" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Benigno Aquino III">Wikisource</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikiquote page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Benigno Aquino III">Wikiquote</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_Philippines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="Template:Presidents of the Philippines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="Template talk:Presidents of the Philippines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_L._Quezon" title="Manuel L. Quezon">Manuel L. Quezon</a> (1935–1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Sergio Osmeña">Sergio Osmeña</a> (1944–1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas">Manuel Roxas</a> (1946)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Second Republic</a> (1943–1945)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jose_P._Laurel" title="Jose P. Laurel">Jose P. Laurel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1946%E2%80%931965)" title="History of the Philippines (1946–1965)">Third Republic</a> (1946–1973)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas">Manuel Roxas</a> (1946–1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino" title="Elpidio Quirino">Elpidio Quirino</a> (1948–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Magsaysay" title="Ramon Magsaysay">Ramon Magsaysay</a> (1953–1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_P._Garcia" title="Carlos P. Garcia">Carlos P. Garcia</a> (1957–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Macapagal" title="Diosdado Macapagal">Diosdado Macapagal</a> (1961–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Ferdinand_Marcos#First_and_second_terms,_and_antecedent_events_(1965–1972_and_earlier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos">1965–1973</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1965%E2%80%931986)" title="History of the Philippines (1965–1986)">Martial law era</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Ferdinand_Marcos#Martial_law_period_(September_1972_–_January_1981)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos">1973–1981</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1965%E2%80%931986)" title="History of the Philippines (1965–1986)">Fourth Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Ferdinand_Marcos#"Fourth_Republic"_period_(January_1981_–_February_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos">1981–1986</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> (1981–1986)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Corazon Aquino</a> (1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1986%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the Philippines (1986–present)">Fifth Republic</a> (1986–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Corazon Aquino</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Corazon_Aquino" title="Presidency of Corazon Aquino">1986–1992</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel V. Ramos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Presidency of Fidel V. Ramos">1992–1998</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joseph_Estrada" title="Presidency of Joseph Estrada">1998–2001</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">2001–2010</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno Aquino III</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Presidency of Benigno Aquino III">2010–2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte">2016–2022</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bongbong_Marcos" title="Presidency of Bongbong Marcos">2022–present</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="Category:Presidents of the Philippines">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="List of presidents of the Philippines">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Time_Persons_of_the_Year" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Time_Persons_of_the_Year" title="Template:Time Persons of the Year"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Time_Persons_of_the_Year" title="Template talk:Time Persons of the Year"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Time_Persons_of_the_Year" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Time Persons of the Year"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Time_Persons_of_the_Year" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year" title="Time Person of the Year"><i>Time</i> Persons of the Year</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1927–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Charles Lindbergh</a> (1927)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Chrysler" title="Walter Chrysler">Walter Chrysler</a> (1928)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Owen_D._Young" title="Owen D. Young">Owen D. Young</a> (1929)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mohandas Gandhi</a> (1930)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Pierre Laval</a> (1931)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1932)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_S._Johnson" title="Hugh S. Johnson">Hugh S. Johnson</a> (1933)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1934)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a> (1935)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wallis_Simpson" title="Wallis Simpson">Wallis Simpson</a> (1936)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> / <a href="/wiki/Soong_Mei-ling" title="Soong Mei-ling">Soong Mei-ling</a> (1937)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> (1938)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> (1939)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> (1940)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1941)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> (1942)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George Marshall</a> (1943)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> (1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_F._Byrnes" title="James F. Byrnes">James F. Byrnes</a> (1946)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George Marshall</a> (1947)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> (1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">The American Fighting-Man</a> (1950)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mosaddegh" title="Mohammad Mosaddegh">Mohammed Mosaddeq</a> (1951)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II </a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">John Foster Dulles</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harlow_Curtice" title="Harlow Curtice">Harlow Curtice</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Freedom Fighters</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> U.S. Scientists: <a href="/wiki/George_Beadle" title="George Beadle">George Beadle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Stark_Draper" title="Charles Stark Draper">Charles Draper</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">John Enders</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donald_A._Glaser" title="Donald A. Glaser">Donald A. Glaser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Joshua Lederberg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a> / <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Edward Purcell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Isidor Rabi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Emilio Segrè</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">William Shockley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes">Charles Townes</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Van_Allen" title="James Van Allen">James Van Allen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Woodward</a> </span> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Westmoreland" title="William Westmoreland">William Westmoreland</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Baby_boomers" title="Baby boomers">The Generation Twenty-Five and Under</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> <a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">The Apollo 8 Astronauts</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Anders" title="William Anders">William Anders</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Borman" title="Frank Borman">Frank Borman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jim_Lovell" title="Jim Lovell">Jim Lovell</a> </span> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Middle_America_(United_States)" title="Middle America (United States)">The Middle Americans</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Sirica" title="John Sirica">John Sirica</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Faisal of Saudi Arabia">King Faisal</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> American Women: <a href="/wiki/Susan_Brownmiller" title="Susan Brownmiller">Susan Brownmiller</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Byerly" title="Kathleen Byerly">Kathleen Byerly</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alison_Cheek" title="Alison Cheek">Alison Cheek</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jill_Ker_Conway" title="Jill Ker Conway">Jill Conway</a> / <a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ella_Grasso" title="Ella Grasso">Ella Grasso</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carla_Anderson_Hills" title="Carla Anderson Hills">Carla Hills</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a> / <a href="/wiki/Susie_Sharp" title="Susie Sharp">Susie Sharp</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_Sutton_(journalist)" title="Carol Sutton (journalist)">Carol Sutton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Addie_L._Wyatt" title="Addie L. Wyatt">Addie Wyatt</a> </span> (1975)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ayatollah Khomeini</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">The Computer</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Yuri Andropov</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ueberroth" title="Peter Ueberroth">Peter Ueberroth</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Corazon Aquino</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">The Endangered Earth</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Turner" title="Ted Turner">Ted Turner</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> The Peacemakers: <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> </span> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Ho" title="David Ho">David Ho</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Grove" title="Andrew Grove">Andrew Grove</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ken_Starr" title="Ken Starr">Ken Starr</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudolph Giuliani</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> The Whistleblowers: <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Cooper_(accountant)" title="Cynthia Cooper (accountant)">Cynthia Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Coleen_Rowley" title="Coleen Rowley">Coleen Rowley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sherron_Watkins" title="Sherron Watkins">Sherron Watkins</a> </span> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">The American Soldier</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> The Good Samaritans: <a href="/wiki/Bono" title="Bono">Bono</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> / <a href="/wiki/Melinda_French_Gates" title="Melinda French Gates">Melinda Gates</a> </span> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/You_(Time_Person_of_the_Year)" title="You (Time Person of the Year)">You</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Ben Bernanke</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Protest" title="Protest">The Protester</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> <a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_West_African_Ebola_virus_epidemic" title="Responses to the West African Ebola virus epidemic">Ebola Fighters</a>: Dr. Jerry Brown / Dr. <a href="/wiki/Kent_Brantly" title="Kent Brantly">Kent Brantly</a> / Ella Watson-Stryker / Foday Gollah / <a href="/wiki/Salome_Karwah" title="Salome Karwah">Salome Karwah</a> </span> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MeToo_movement" title="MeToo movement">The Silence Breakers</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> The Guardians: <a href="/wiki/Jamal_Khashoggi" title="Jamal Khashoggi">Jamal Khashoggi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maria_Ressa" title="Maria Ressa">Maria Ressa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wa_Lone" title="Wa Lone">Wa Lone</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kyaw_Soe_Oo" title="Kyaw Soe Oo">Kyaw Soe Oo</a> / Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/Capital_Gazette_shooting" title="Capital Gazette shooting">The Capital</a></i> </span> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greta_Thunberg" title="Greta Thunberg">Greta Thunberg</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Spirit of Ukraine</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Martial_law_under_Ferdinand_Marcos_and_People_Power_Revolution" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Martial_EDSA" title="Template:Martial EDSA"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Martial_EDSA" title="Template talk:Martial EDSA"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Martial_EDSA" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Martial EDSA"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Martial_law_under_Ferdinand_Marcos_and_People_Power_Revolution" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Martial_law_under_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos">Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos</a> and <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Batas Militar sa Pilipinas</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1965%E2%80%931986)" title="History of the Philippines (1965–1986)">Background</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_the_Philippines" title="Martial law in the Philippines">Martial law in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1965 Philippine presidential election">1965 elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conjugal_dictatorship" class="mw-redirect" title="Conjugal dictatorship">Conjugal dictatorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Philippines–United States relations">Philippines–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_imperialism" title="American imperialism">American imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_rebellion_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist rebellion in the Philippines">Communist insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_conflict" title="Moro conflict">Moro conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Borneo_dispute" title="North Borneo dispute">Sabah claim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabidah_massacre" title="Jabidah massacre">Jabidah massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manili_massacre" title="Manili massacre">Manili massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1969 Philippine presidential election">1969 elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Philippine_balance_of_payments_crisis" title="1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis">1969 balance of payments crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Quarter_Storm" title="First Quarter Storm">First Quarter Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Agrarian_Reform" title="Department of Agrarian Reform">Agrarian reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diliman_Commune" title="Diliman Commune">Diliman Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza_Miranda_bombing" title="Plaza Miranda bombing">Plaza Miranda bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_nationalism" title="Filipino nationalism">Filipino nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Philippines" title="Human rights in the Philippines">Human rights in the Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Ferdinand_Marcos" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos">Events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_ambush_of_Juan_Ponce_Enrile" title="1972 ambush of Juan Ponce Enrile">1972 Enrile ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_No._1081" title="Proclamation No. 1081">Proclamation No. 1081</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Philippines#Fourth_Republic_(1973)" title="Constitution of the Philippines">1973 Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Sacred_Heart_Novitiate_raid" title="1974 Sacred Heart Novitiate raid">1974 Sacred Heart Novitiate raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edifice_complex" title="Edifice complex">Construction of "edifice complex" projects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Philippine_parliamentary_election" title="1978 Philippine parliamentary election">1978 elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interim_Batasang_Pambansa" title="Interim Batasang Pambansa">Interim Batasang Pambansa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Ruiz#Veneration" title="Lorenzo Ruiz">Beatification of Lorenzo Ruiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Philippine_presidential_election_and_referendum" title="1981 Philippine presidential election and referendum">1981 elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Ninoy_Aquino" title="Assassination of Ninoy Aquino">Assassination of Ninoy Aquino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negros_famine" title="Negros famine">Negros famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_Philippines_(1965%E2%80%931986)" title="Economic history of the Philippines (1965–1986)">Philippine economic history during the Marcos dictatorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Philippines_during_the_Marcos_dictatorship" title="Military history of the Philippines during the Marcos dictatorship">Philippine military history during the Marcos dictatorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1986 Philippine presidential election">Snap elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_People_Power_Revolution" title="Timeline of the People Power Revolution">Timeline of the People Power Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights abuses">Human rights <br />abuses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses_of_the_Marcos_dictatorship" title="Human rights abuses of the Marcos dictatorship">Human rights abuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_torture_methods_used_by_the_Marcos_dictatorship" title="List of torture methods used by the Marcos dictatorship">Torture methods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_detainees_under_the_Marcos_dictatorship" title="Political detainees under the Marcos dictatorship">Political detainees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palimbang_massacre" title="Palimbang massacre">Palimbang massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_in_the_Philippines#Tictapul" title="List of massacres in the Philippines">Tictapul massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archimedes_Trajano" title="Archimedes Trajano">Murder of Archimedes Trajano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macli-ing_Dulag" title="Macli-ing Dulag">Murder of Macli-ing Dulag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daet_massacre" title="Daet massacre">Daet massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culasi#1981_Bacong_Bridge_Massacre" title="Culasi">Bacong Bridge massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Escandor" title="Juan Escandor">Murder of Juan "Johnny" Escandor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Orcullo" title="Alex Orcullo">Murder of Alex Orcullo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escalante_massacre" title="Escalante massacre">Escalante massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beew_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Beew massacre">Beew massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kleptocracy" title="Kleptocracy">Kleptocracy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unexplained_wealth_of_the_Marcos_family" title="Unexplained wealth of the Marcos family">Unexplained wealth of the Marcos family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_mansions" title="Marcos mansions">Marcos mansions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_jewels" title="Marcos jewels">Marcos jewels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_landholdings_of_the_Marcos_family" title="Overseas landholdings of the Marcos family">Overseas landholdings of the Marcos family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_Japanese_ODA_scandal" title="Marcos Japanese ODA scandal">Japanese Official Development Assistance scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coco_Levy_Fund_scam" title="Coco Levy Fund scam">Coco Levy Fund scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogelio_Roxas" title="Rogelio Roxas">Golden Buddha theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bataan_Nuclear_Power_Plant#Controversy" title="Bataan Nuclear Power Plant">Bataan Nuclear Power Plant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regime</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imelda_Marcos" title="Imelda Marcos">Imelda Marcos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cronies_of_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Cronies of Ferdinand Marcos">Cronies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marcos_family" title="Marcos family">Relatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rolex_12" title="Rolex 12">Rolex 12</a> (<a href="/wiki/Danding_Cojuangco" title="Danding Cojuangco">Eduardo "Danding" Cojuangco Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ponce_Enrile" title="Juan Ponce Enrile">Juan Ponce Enrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romeo_Espino" title="Romeo Espino">Romeo Espino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel Ramos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_Ver" title="Fabian Ver">Fabian Ver</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boy_Asistio" title="Boy Asistio">Macario Asistio Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Benedicto" title="Roberto Benedicto">Roberto Benedicto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Yao_Campos" title="Jose Yao Campos">José Yao Campos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Elizalde" title="Manuel Elizalde">Manuel Elizalde Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Floirendo_Sr." title="Antonio Floirendo Sr.">Antonio Floirendo Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imee_Marcos" title="Imee Marcos">María Imelda "Imee" Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Ongpin" title="Roberto Ongpin">Roberto Ongpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Romualdez" title="Benjamin Romualdez">Benjamin "Kokoy" Romualdez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Santiago_Sr." title="Ignacio Santiago Sr.">Ignacio Santiago Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Silverio" title="Ricardo Silverio">Ricardo Silverio</a></li> <li>Florentino Sanico Solon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucio_Tan" title="Lucio Tan">Lucio Tan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Tolentino" title="Arturo Tolentino">Arturo Tolentino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicanor_Y%C3%B1iguez" title="Nicanor Yñiguez">Nicanor Yñiguez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cabinet Technocrats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Virata" title="Cesar Virata">Cesar Virata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onofre_Corpuz" title="Onofre Corpuz">Onofre Corpuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Fabella" title="Armand Fabella">Armand Fabella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_C._Laya" title="Jaime C. Laya">Jaime C. Laya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placido_Mapa_Jr." title="Placido Mapa Jr.">Placido Mapa Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_P._Romulo" title="Carlos P. Romulo">Carlos P. Romulo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle_force_opposition_to_the_Marcos_dictatorship" title="Middle force opposition to the Marcos dictatorship">Mainstream opposition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Leaders</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butz_Aquino" title="Butz Aquino">Agapito "Butz" Aquino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninoy_Aquino" title="Ninoy Aquino">Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cory_Aquino" class="mw-redirect" title="Cory Aquino">Corazon C. "Cory" Aquino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_W._Diokno" title="Jose W. Diokno">José W. "Ka Pepe" Diokno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Laurel" title="Salvador Laurel">Salvador H. "Doy" Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Roxas" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerry Roxas">Gerardo M. "Gerry" Roxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovito_R._Salonga" class="mw-redirect" title="Jovito R. Salonga">Jovito R. "Ka Jovy" Salonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Sin" title="Jaime Sin">Cardinal Jaime Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_M._Ta%C3%B1ada" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorenzo M. Tañada">Lorenzo M. "Ka Tanny" Tañada Sr.</a></li></ul> <p><b>Business sector opposition</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Concepcion_Jr." title="Jose Concepcion Jr.">Jose S. Concepcion Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domingo_M._Guevara,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Domingo M. Guevara, Sr.">Domingo M. Guevara, Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geny_Lopez" class="mw-redirect" title="Geny Lopez">Eugenio "Geny" Lopez Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Ongpin" title="Jaime Ongpin">Jaime Ongpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Yuchengco" title="Alfonso Yuchengco">Alfonso Yuchengco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintin_Yuyitung" class="mw-redirect" title="Quintin Yuyitung">Quintin Yuyitung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizal_Yuyitung" class="mw-redirect" title="Rizal Yuyitung">Rizal Yuyitung</a></li></ul> <p><b>Political sector opposition</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacobo_Amatong" title="Jacobo Amatong">Jacobo Amatong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker_Arroyo" title="Joker Arroyo">Ceferino "Joker" Arroyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jejomar_Binay" title="Jejomar Binay">Jejomar Binay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Climaco" title="Cesar Climaco">Cesar Climaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peping_Cojuangco" title="Peping Cojuangco">Jose "Peping" Cojuangco Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tingting_Cojuangco" title="Tingting Cojuangco">Margarita "Tingting" Cojuangco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Concepcion" title="Roberto Concepcion">Roberto Concepcion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilario_Davide_Jr." title="Hilario Davide Jr.">Hilario Davide Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Fernan" title="Marcelo Fernan">Marcelo Fernan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptali_Gonzales" title="Neptali Gonzales">Neptali Gonzales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raul_M._Gonzalez" title="Raul M. Gonzalez">Raul M. Gonzalez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teofisto_Guingona_Jr." title="Teofisto Guingona Jr.">Teofisto Guingona Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribomapil_Holganza_Sr." title="Ribomapil Holganza Sr.">Ribomapil "Dodong" Holganza Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelio_Javier" title="Evelio Javier">Evelio Javier</a></li> <li>Vicente Jayme</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Estrada_Kalaw" title="Eva Estrada Kalaw">Eva Estrada Kalaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_B._Lingad" class="mw-redirect" title="José B. Lingad">José B. Lingad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Macapagal" title="Diosdado Macapagal">Diosdado Macapagal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Maceda" title="Ernesto Maceda">Ernesto Maceda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raul_Manglapus" title="Raul Manglapus">Raul Manglapus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitivo_Mijares" title="Primitivo Mijares">Primitivo Mijares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Mitra_Jr." title="Ramon Mitra Jr.">Ramon Mitra Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serge_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Serge Osmeña">Sergio "Serge" Osmeña III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosio_Padilla" title="Ambrosio Padilla">Ambrosio Padilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Mu%C3%B1oz-Palma" title="Cecilia Muñoz-Palma">Cecilia Muñoz-Palma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Paterno" title="Vicente Paterno">Vicente Paterno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquilino_Pimentel_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Aquilino Pimentel Jr.">Aquilino "Nene" Pimentel Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Quintero_(diplomat)" title="Eduardo Quintero (diplomat)">Eduardo Quintero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soledad_Duterte" title="Soledad Duterte">Soledad Roa Duterte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soc_Rodrigo" title="Soc Rodrigo">Francisco "Soc" Rodrigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.B.L._Reyes" class="mw-redirect" title="J.B.L. Reyes">Jose Benedicto Luis "J.B.L." Reyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rene_Saguisag" title="Rene Saguisag">Rene Saguisag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Sarmiento" title="Abraham Sarmiento">Abraham Sarmiento Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigberto_Ta%C3%B1ada" title="Wigberto Tañada">Wigberto Tañada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Teehankee" title="Claudio Teehankee">Claudio Teehankee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haydee_Yorac" title="Haydee Yorac">Haydee Yorac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calixto_Zaldivar" title="Calixto Zaldivar">Calixto Zaldivar</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Religious_sector_resistance_against_the_Marcos_dictatorship" title="Religious sector resistance against the Marcos dictatorship">Religious sector opposition</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zacarias_Agatep" title="Zacarias Agatep">Zacarias Agatep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodoro_Bacani_Jr." title="Teodoro Bacani Jr.">Teodoro Bacani Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariani_Dimaranan" title="Mariani Dimaranan">Mariani Dimaranan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Dizon" title="Joe Dizon">Joe Dizon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tullio_Favali" title="Tullio Favali">Tullio Favali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inocencio_Ipong" class="mw-redirect" title="Inocencio Ipong">Inocencio Ipong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabelo_Magalit" title="Isabelo Magalit">Isabelo Magalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_John_Mananzan" title="Mary John Mananzan">Mary John Mananzan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violeta_Marcos" title="Violeta Marcos">Violeta Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifico_Ortiz" title="Pacifico Ortiz">Pacifico Ortiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnifico_Osorio" title="Magnifico Osorio">Magnifico Osorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Purugganan" title="Miguel Purugganan">Miguel Purugganan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Reuter" title="James Reuter">James Reuter</a></li> <li>Rudy Romano</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Christine_Tan" title="Mary Christine Tan">Mary Christine Tan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Tayag" title="Carlos Tayag">Carlos Tayag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Vidal" title="Ricardo Vidal">Ricardo Vidal</a></li> <li>The Magnificent Seven (<a href="/wiki/Francisco_Claver" title="Francisco Claver">Francisco Claver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_O._Escaler" title="Federico O. Escaler">Federico Escaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Fortich" title="Antonio Fortich">Antonio Fortich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julio_Xavier_Labayen" title="Julio Xavier Labayen">Julio Xavier Labayen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Quevedo" title="Orlando Quevedo">Orlando Quevedo</a></li> <li>Felix Perez</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Varela" title="Jesus Varela">Jesus Varela</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academic and cultural <br />sector opposition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Academics and cultural workers</b> <br /> <li><a href="/wiki/Freddie_Aguilar" title="Freddie Aguilar">Freddie Aguilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APO_Hiking_Society" title="APO Hiking Society">APO Hiking Society</a> (<a href="/wiki/Danny_Javier" title="Danny Javier">Danny Javier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boboy_Garrovillo" title="Boboy Garrovillo">Boboy Garrovillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Paredes" title="Jim Paredes">Jim Paredes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lualhati_Bautista" title="Lualhati Bautista">Lualhati Bautista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lino_Brocka" title="Lino Brocka">Lino Brocka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishmael_Bernal" title="Ishmael Bernal">Ishmael Bernal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_Cabangon" title="Noel Cabangon">Noel Cabangon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedicto_Cabrera" title="Benedicto Cabrera">Benedicto Cabrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behn_Cervantes" title="Behn Cervantes">Behn Cervantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renato_Constantino" title="Renato Constantino">Renato Constantino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilda_Cordero_Fernando" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilda Cordero Fernando">Gilda Cordero Fernando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butch_Dalisay" class="mw-redirect" title="Butch Dalisay">Butch Dalisay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jerks" title="The Jerks">The Jerks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Joaquin" title="Nick Joaquin">Nick Joaquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Lacaba" title="Emmanuel Lacaba">Emmanuel "Eman" Lacaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inang_Laya" title="Inang Laya">Inang Laya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricky_Lee" title="Ricky Lee">Ricky Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celeste_Legaspi" title="Celeste Legaspi">Celeste Legaspi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_P._Lopez" title="Salvador P. Lopez">Salvador P. Lopez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bienvenido_Lumbera" title="Bienvenido Lumbera">Bienvenido Lumbera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leah_Navarro" title="Leah Navarro">Leah Navarro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Nemenzo_Jr." title="Francisco Nemenzo Jr.">Francisco Nemenzo Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Nepomuceno" title="Willie Nepomuceno">Willie Nepomuceno</a></li> <li>Bibeth Orteza</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Z._Ortigas" title="Gaston Z. Ortigas">Gaston Z. "Gasty" Ortigas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemesio_Prudente" title="Nemesio Prudente">Nemesio Prudente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidlat_Tahimik" title="Kidlat Tahimik">Kidlat Tahimik</a></li> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Student_activism_in_the_Philippines_(1965%E2%80%931972)" title="Student activism in the Philippines (1965–1972)">Student activists</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lean_Alejandro" title="Lean Alejandro">Lean Alejandro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Ang_Sinco" title="Edgar Ang Sinco">Edgar Ang Sinco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Bautista" title="Manuel Bautista">Manuel Bautista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neri_Colmenares" title="Neri Colmenares">Neri Colmenares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liliosa_Hilao" title="Liliosa Hilao">Liliosa Hilao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_College_of_Engineering#Martial_law" title="University of the Philippines College of Engineering">Antonio Hilario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boni_Ilagan" title="Boni Ilagan">Bonifacio Ilagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Jopson" title="Edgar Jopson">Edgar Jopson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Lamangan" title="Joel Lamangan">Joel Lamangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Araullo" title="Carol Araullo">Carol Pagaduan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armando_Palabay" title="Armando Palabay">Armando Palabay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tish_Pascual-Ladlad" title="Tish Pascual-Ladlad">Tish Pascual-Ladlad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Principe" title="Nestor Principe">Nestor Principe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Quimpo" title="Susan Quimpo">Susan Quimpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Sarmiento_Jr." title="Abraham Sarmiento Jr.">Abraham Sarmiento Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Tagamolila" title="Antonio Tagamolila">Antonio Tagamolila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archimedes_Trajano" title="Archimedes Trajano">Archimedes Trajano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Tagalog_10" title="Southern Tagalog 10">Southern Tagalog 10</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cristina_Catalla" title="Cristina Catalla">Cristina Catalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Faustino" title="Gerry Faustino">Gerardo Faustino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizalina_Ilagan" title="Rizalina Ilagan">Rizalina Ilagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Sales" title="Jessica Sales">Jessica Sales</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Left-wing opposition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidel_Agcaoili" title="Fidel Agcaoili">Fidel Agcaoili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lean_Alejandro" title="Lean Alejandro">Lean Alejandro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrado_Balweg" title="Conrado Balweg">Conrado Balweg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorena_Barros" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorena Barros">Lorena Barros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walden_Bello" title="Walden Bello">Walden Bello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crispin_Beltran" title="Crispin Beltran">Crispin Beltran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernabe_Buscayno" title="Bernabe Buscayno">Bernabe Buscayno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Corpus" title="Victor Corpus">Victor Corpus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maita_Gomez" title="Maita Gomez">Maita Gomez</a></li> <li>Luis Jalandoni</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Lacaba" title="Emmanuel Lacaba">Emmanuel "Eman" Lacaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filemon_Lagman" title="Filemon Lagman">Filemon Lagman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satur_Ocampo" title="Satur Ocampo">Satur Ocampo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_resistance_against_the_Marcos_dictatorship#Martyrs_and_heroes_honored_at_the_Bantayog_ng_mga_Bayani" title="Workers' resistance against the Marcos dictatorship">Felixberto Olalia Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_resistance_against_the_Marcos_dictatorship#Martyrs_and_heroes_honored_at_the_Bantayog_ng_mga_Bayani" title="Workers' resistance against the Marcos dictatorship">Rolando Olalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Maria_Sison" title="Jose Maria Sison">Jose Maria Sison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilo_Tayag" title="Nilo Tayag">Nilo Tayag</a></li> <li>Crispin Tagamolila</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Tiamzon" title="Benito Tiamzon">Benito Tiamzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Tiamzon" title="Wilma Tiamzon">Wilma Tiamzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Zumel" title="Antonio Zumel">Antonio Zumel</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Opposition in the<br /> <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">Armed Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Philippines_during_the_Marcos_dictatorship#Prominent_officers_who_publicly_disagreed_with_Marcos" title="Military history of the Philippines during the Marcos dictatorship">Resistance during the Marcos administration years</a></b> <ul><li>Commodore <a href="/wiki/Ramon_A._Alcaraz" title="Ramon A. Alcaraz">Ramon A. Alcaraz</a></li> <li>Col. <a href="/wiki/Bonifacio_Gillego" title="Bonifacio Gillego">Bonifacio Gillego</a></li> <li>Capt. <a href="/wiki/Rogelio_Morales" title="Rogelio Morales">Rogelio Morales</a>, PN</li> <li>Capt. <a href="/wiki/Danilo_Vizmanos" title="Danilo Vizmanos">Danilo Vizmanos</a>, PN</li> <li>Brig. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Marcos_G._Soliman" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcos G. Soliman">Marcos G. Soliman</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Reform_the_Armed_Forces_Movement" title="Reform the Armed Forces Movement">Reform the Armed Forces Movement</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ponce_Enrile" title="Juan Ponce Enrile">Juan Ponce Enrile</a></li> <li>Col. <a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Honasan" title="Gregorio Honasan">Gregorio "Gringo" Honasan</a></li> <li>Col. Eduardo "Red" Kapunan Jr.</li> <li>BGen. <a href="/wiki/Jose_T._Almonte" title="Jose T. Almonte">Jose T. Almonte</a></li> <li>Col. <a href="/wiki/Victor_Batac" title="Victor Batac">Victor Batac</a></li> <li>Col. <a href="/wiki/Hector_Tarrazona" title="Hector Tarrazona">Hector Tarrazona</a></li> <li>Col. <a href="/wiki/Billy_Bibit" title="Billy Bibit">Billy Bibit</a></li></ul> <p><b>Others who withdrew support during the People Power revolution</b> </p> <ul><li>Lt. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel V. Ramos</a></li> <li>Commodore Tagumpay Jardiniano</li> <li>Col. Charles Hotchkiss</li> <li>Col. Antonio Sotelo</li> <li>Col. <a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Biazon" title="Rodolfo Biazon">Rodolfo Biazon</a></li> <li>Lt. <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Magalong" title="Benjamin Magalong">Benjamin Magalong</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Journalism_during_the_Marcos_dictatorship" title="Journalism during the Marcos dictatorship">Journalists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Pro-Marcos</b> <br /> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Cristobal" title="Adrian Cristobal">Adrian Cristobal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Guevara" title="Jose Guevara">Jose "Joe" Guevara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Nathanielsz" title="Ronnie Nathanielsz">Ronnie Nathanielsz</a></li> <p><b>Opposition</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugenia_Apostol" title="Eugenia Apostol">Eugenia Apostol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bueno" title="David Bueno">David Bueno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Burgos" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe Burgos">Joe Burgos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amando_Doronila" title="Amando Doronila">Amando Doronila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Ceres_Doyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma Ceres Doyo">Ma Ceres Doyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inday_Espina-Varona" title="Inday Espina-Varona">Inday Espina-Varona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chit_Estella" title="Chit Estella">Chit Estella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Go-Belmonte" title="Betty Go-Belmonte">Betty Go-Belmonte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letty_Jimenez_Magsanoc" title="Letty Jimenez Magsanoc">Letty Jimenez Magsanoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Lacaba" title="Pete Lacaba">Jose "Pete" Lacaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodoro_Locsin_Sr." title="Teodoro Locsin Sr.">Teodoro Locsin Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armando_Malay" title="Armando Malay">Armando Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Nieva" title="Tony Nieva">Antonio "Tony" Nieva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Orcullo" title="Alex Orcullo">Alex Orcullo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_G._Rama" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon G. Rama">Napoleon G. Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chino_Roces" title="Chino Roces">Joaquin "Chino" Roces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximo_Soliven" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximo Soliven">Maximo Soliven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Mari_Velez" title="Jose Mari Velez">Jose Mari Velez</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">American <br />interested parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_W._Bosworth" title="Stephen W. Bosworth">Stephen W. Bosworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Byroade" title="Henry A. Byroade">Henry A. Byroade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Habib" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Habib">Philip Habib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hamilton_(actor)" title="George Hamilton (actor)">George Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Laxalt" title="Paul Laxalt">Paul Laxalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lugar" title="Richard Lugar">Richard Lugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Manafort" title="Paul Manafort">Paul Manafort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political <br />pressure groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Political coalitions</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution#Formation_of_coalesced_opposition" title="People Power Revolution">Alliance of Makati Associations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines-United_States_relations#Military_agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippines-United States relations">Anti-Bases Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agapito_Aquino" class="mw-redirect" title="Agapito Aquino">August Twenty One Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagong_Alyansang_Makabayan" title="Bagong Alyansang Makabayan">Bagong Alyansang Makabayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_Quezon#Legacy" title="Aurora Quezon">Concerned Women of the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Legal_Assistance_Group" title="Free Legal Assistance Group">Free Legal Assistance Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Women%27s_Party" title="Gabriela Women's Party">Gabriela Women's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution#Formation_of_coalesced_opposition" title="People Power Revolution">Justice for Aquino, Justice for All</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution#Aquino_Assassination" title="People Power Revolution">Kilusan sa Kapangyarihan at Karapatan ng Bayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun_Factoran#Human_rights_advocacy_during_martial_law" title="Jun Factoran">Movement of Attorneys for Brotherhood, Integrity and Nationalism, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_a_Free_Philippines" title="Movement for a Free Philippines">Movement for a Free Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_of_Concerned_Citizens_for_Civil_Liberties" title="Movement of Concerned Citizens for Civil Liberties">Movement of Concerned Citizens for Civil Liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Movement_for_Free_Elections" class="mw-redirect" title="National Movement for Free Elections">National Movement for Free Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_Force_Detainees_of_the_Philippines" title="Task Force Detainees of the Philippines">Task Force Detainees of the Philippines</a></li></ul> <p><b>Political parties</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDP%E2%80%93Laban" class="mw-redirect" title="PDP–Laban">Partido Demokratiko Pilipino</a>–<a href="/wiki/LABAN" class="mw-redirect" title="LABAN">Lakas ng Bayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nationalist_Democratic_Organization" title="United Nationalist Democratic Organization">United Nationalist Democratic Organization</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Aguinaldo" title="Camp Aguinaldo">Camp Aguinaldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Crame" title="Camp Crame">Camp Crame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Air_Base" title="Clark Air Base">Clark Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_Filipino" title="Club Filipino">Club Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDSA" title="EDSA">Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Bonifacio" title="Fort Bonifacio">Fort Bonifacio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Magsaysay" title="Fort Magsaysay">Fort Magsaysay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace" title="Malacañang Palace">Malacañang Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortigas_Center" title="Ortigas Center">Ortigas Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villamor_Air_Base" title="Villamor Air Base">Villamor Air Base</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aftermath</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_family#The_other_Marcoses" title="Marcos family">Nepotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Big_Bird" title="Operation Big Bird">Operation Big Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendiola_massacre" title="Mendiola massacre">Mendiola massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Philippine_legislative_election" title="1987 Philippine legislative election">1987 elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_attempts_against_Corazon_Aquino" title="Coup attempts against Corazon Aquino">Anti-Aquino coup attempts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_University_of_the_Philippines%E2%80%93Department_of_National_Defense_accord" title="1989 University of the Philippines–Department of National Defense accord">UP-DND accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Great_Rectification_Movement" title="Second Great Rectification Movement">Second Great Rectification Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Burial of Ferdinand Marcos">Burial of Ferdinand Marcos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Corazon_Aquino" title="Presidency of Corazon Aquino">Aquino Presidency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Philippines" title="Constitution of the Philippines">1987 Constitution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Human_Rights_(Philippines)" title="Commission on Human Rights (Philippines)">Commission on Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Agrarian_Reform_Program" title="Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program">Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_National_Police" title="Philippine National Police">Philippine National Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Commission_on_Good_Government" title="Presidential Commission on Good Government">Presidential Commission on Good Government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_during_the_Marcos_dictatorship" class="mw-redirect" title="Music during the Marcos dictatorship">Songs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Bagong_Pagsilang" title="Bagong Pagsilang">Bagong Pagsilang</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bayan_Ko" title="Bayan Ko">Bayan Ko</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Handog_ng_Pilipino_sa_Mundo" title="Handog ng Pilipino sa Mundo">Handog ng Pilipino sa Mundo</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Magkaisa" title="Magkaisa">Magkaisa</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Celeste_Legaspi" title="Celeste Legaspi">Saranggola ni Pepe</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tatsulok" title="Tatsulok">Tatsulok</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tie_a_Yellow_Ribbon_Round_the_Ole_Oak_Tree" title="Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree">Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_martial_law_under_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="List of films about martial law under Ferdinand Marcos">Political Films <br />during the dictatorship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Iginuhit_ng_Tadhana" class="mw-redirect" title="Iginuhit ng Tadhana">Iginuhit ng Tadhana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sakada_(film)" title="Sakada (film)">Sakada</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Conjugal_Dictatorship_of_Ferdinand_and_Imelda_Marcos" title="The Conjugal Dictatorship of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos">The Conjugal Dictatorship of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dekada_%2770_(novel)" title="Dekada '70 (novel)">Dekada '70</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Some_Are_Smarter_Than_Others" class="mw-redirect" title="Some Are Smarter Than Others">Some Are Smarter Than Others</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Subversive_Lives:_A_Family_Memoir_of_the_Marcos_Years" class="mw-redirect" title="Subversive Lives: A Family Memoir of the Marcos Years">Subversive Lives: A Family Memoir of the Marcos Years</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Waltzing_with_a_Dictator" title="Waltzing with a Dictator">Waltzing with a Dictator</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Slogans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isang_Bansa,_Isang_Diwa" title="Isang Bansa, Isang Diwa">Isang Bansa, Isang Diwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa_ikauunlad_ng_bayan,_disiplina_ang_kailangan" title="Sa ikauunlad ng bayan, disiplina ang kailangan">Sa ikauunlad ng bayan, disiplina ang kailangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tama_na!_Sobra_na!_Palitan_na!" class="mw-redirect" title="Tama na! Sobra na! Palitan na!">Tama na! Sobra na! Palitan na!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Never_again#Other_uses" title="Never again">Never again</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gestures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V_sign#Specific_uses" title="V sign">V sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laban_sign" title="Laban sign">Laban sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raised_fist" title="Raised fist">Raised fist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy and <br />historiography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Monuments and memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Monument" title="People Power Monument">People Power Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDSA_Shrine" title="EDSA Shrine">EDSA Shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantayog_ng_mga_Bayani" title="Bantayog ng mga Bayani">Bantayog ng mga Bayani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individuals_honored_at_the_Bantayog_ng_mga_Bayani" title="List of individuals honored at the Bantayog ng mga Bayani">individuals</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_martial_law_under_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="List of films about martial law under Ferdinand Marcos">Films</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ako_si_Ninoy" title="Ako si Ninoy">Ako si Ninoy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barber%27s_Tales" title="Barber's Tales">Barber's Tales</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Batas_Militar_(1997_film)" title="Batas Militar (1997 film)">Batas Militar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Jake" title="Citizen Jake">Citizen Jake</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Dangerous_Life" title="A Dangerous Life">A Dangerous Life</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dekada_%2770_(film)" title="Dekada '70 (film)">Dekada '70</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eskapo" title="Eskapo">Eskapo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_a_Filipino_Family" title="Evolution of a Filipino Family">Evolution of a Filipino Family</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_Memory" title="Forbidden Memory">Forbidden Memory</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/From_What_Is_Before" title="From What Is Before">From What Is Before</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imelda_(film)" title="Imelda (film)">Imelda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katips" title="Katips">Katips</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Kingmaker_(film)" title="The Kingmaker (film)">The Kingmaker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Journey_of_Ninoy" title="The Last Journey of Ninoy">The Last Journey of Ninoy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liway" title="Liway">Liway</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Loyalista:_The_Untold_Story_of_Imelda_Papin" class="mw-redirect" title="Loyalista: The Untold Story of Imelda Papin">Loyalista: The Untold Story of Imelda Papin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maid_in_Malaca%C3%B1ang" title="Maid in Malacañang">Maid in Malacañang</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Martyr_or_Murderer" title="Martyr or Murderer">Martyr or Murderer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ML_(film)" title="ML (film)">ML</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oras_de_Peligro" title="Oras de Peligro">Oras de Peligro</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pisay_(film)" title="Pisay (film)">Pisay</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Rustling_of_Leaves:_Inside_the_Philippine_Revolution" title="A Rustling of Leaves: Inside the Philippine Revolution">A Rustling of Leaves: Inside the Philippine Revolution</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sa_Dulo_ng_Baril" title="Sa Dulo ng Baril">Sa Dulo ng Baril</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Season_of_the_Devil" title="Season of the Devil">Season of the Devil</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Why_Is_Yellow_the_Middle_of_the_Rainbow%3F" title="Why Is Yellow the Middle of the Rainbow?">Why Is Yellow the Middle of the Rainbow?</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Here_Lies_Love" title="Here Lies Love">Here Lies Love</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Here_Lies_Love_(musical)" title="Here Lies Love (musical)">musical</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maalaala_Mo_Kaya" title="Maalaala Mo Kaya">Maalaala Mo Kaya</a>: The Ninoy and Cory Aquino Story</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Kalapati" title="Kalapati">Kalapati</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Makinilya" title="Makinilya">Makinilya</a>")</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voltes_V" title="Voltes V">Voltes V</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disinformation and <br />distortionism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos%27s_cult_of_personality" title="Ferdinand Marcos's cult of personality">Ferdinand Marcos's cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_distortion_regarding_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos">Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Candidates_in_the_1986_Philippine_presidential_election" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Candidates_in_the_1986_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Template:Candidates in the 1986 Philippine presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Candidates_in_the_1986_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Template talk:Candidates in the 1986 Philippine presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates_in_the_1986_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates in the 1986 Philippine presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Candidates_in_the_1986_Philippine_presidential_election" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Candidates in the <a href="/wiki/1986_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1986 Philippine presidential election">1986 Philippine presidential election</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Kilusang_Bagong_Lipunan" title="Kilusang Bagong Lipunan">Kilusang Bagong Lipunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">President:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vice President:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Tolentino" title="Arturo Tolentino">Arturo Tolentino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/United_Nationalist_Democratic_Organization" title="United Nationalist Democratic Organization">UNIDO</a>-<a href="/wiki/Partido_Demokratiko_Pilipino-Lakas_ng_Bayan" class="mw-redirect" title="Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan">PDP-LABAN</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">President:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Corazon Aquino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vice President:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Laurel" title="Salvador Laurel">Salvador Laurel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Other third party candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">President:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_Canoy" title="Reuben Canoy">Reuben Canoy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narciso_Padilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Narciso Padilla (page does not exist)">Narciso Padilla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vice President:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Estrada_Kalaw" title="Eva Estrada Kalaw">Eva Estrada Kalaw</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Arienda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Arienda (page does not exist)">Roger Arienda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_Corazon_Aquino_(1986–1992)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C._Aquino_cabinet" title="Template:C. Aquino cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C._Aquino_cabinet" title="Template talk:C. Aquino cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C._Aquino_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C. Aquino cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_Corazon_Aquino_(1986–1992)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Philippines" title="Cabinet of the Philippines">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Corazon Aquino</a> (1986–1992)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Philippines" title="Prime Minister of the Philippines">Prime Minister</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Laurel" title="Salvador Laurel">Salvador Laurel</a> (1986-1987)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="26" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Corazon Aquino, eleventh President of the Philippines"><img alt="Corazon Aquino, eleventh President of the Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg/100px-Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg/150px-Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg/200px-Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg 2x" data-file-width="894" data-file-height="1192" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-President of the Philippines">Vice-President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Laurel" title="Salvador Laurel">Salvador Laurel</a> (1986-1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Communications_Group_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Communications Group (Philippines)">Presidential Spokesperson</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rene_Saguisag" title="Rene Saguisag">Rene Saguisag</a> (1986-1987)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Agrarian_Reform_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Agrarian Reform (Philippines)">Minister/Secretary of Agrarian Reform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conrado_Estrella_Sr." title="Conrado Estrella Sr.">Conrado Estrella Sr.</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heherson_Alvarez" title="Heherson Alvarez">Heherson Alvarez</a> (1986–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Juico" title="Philip Juico">Philip Juico</a> (1987–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Defensor_Santiago" title="Miriam Defensor Santiago">Miriam Defensor Santiago</a> (1989–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florencio_Abad" title="Florencio Abad">Florencio Abad</a> (1990)</li> <li>Benjamin Liong (1990–1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Agriculture_(Philippines)" title="Department of Agriculture (Philippines)">Minister/Secretary of Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Mitra_Jr." title="Ramon Mitra Jr.">Ramon Mitra Jr.</a> (1986–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Dominguez_III" title="Carlos Dominguez III">Carlos Dominguez III</a> (1987–1989)</li> <li>Senen Bacani (1989–1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Education_(Philippines)" title="Department of Education (Philippines)">Minister/Secretary of Education, Culture and Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lourdes_Quisumbing" title="Lourdes Quisumbing">Lourdes Quisumbing</a> (1986–1989)</li> <li>Isidro Cariño (1989–1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Finance_(Philippines)" title="Department of Finance (Philippines)">Minister/Secretary of Finance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Ongpin" title="Jaime Ongpin">Jaime Ongpin</a> (1986–1987)</li> <li>Vicente Jaime (1987–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Estanislao" title="Jesus Estanislao">Jesus Estanislao</a> (1990–1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)" title="Department of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)">Minister/Secretary of Foreign Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Laurel" title="Salvador Laurel">Salvador Laurel</a> (1986–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Yan" title="Manuel Yan">Manuel Yan</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raul_Manglapus" title="Raul Manglapus">Raul Manglapus</a> (1987–1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_(Philippines)" title="Department of Health (Philippines)">Minister/Secretary of Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Bengzon" title="Alfredo Bengzon">Alfredo Bengzon</a> (1987–1991)</li> <li>Antonio Periquet (1991–1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Interior_and_Local_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Interior and Local Government">Minister/Secretary of the Interior and Local Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquilino_Pimentel_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Aquilino Pimentel Jr.">Aquilino Pimentel Jr.</a> (1986–1987)</li> <li>Cesar Sarino (1987–1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Justice_(Philippines)" title="Department of Justice (Philippines)">Minister/Secretary of Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neptali_Gonzales" title="Neptali Gonzales">Neptali Gonzales</a> (1986–1987)</li> <li>Sedfrey Ordoñez (1987–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Drilon" title="Franklin Drilon">Franklin Drilon</a> (1990–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvestre_Bello_III" title="Silvestre Bello III">Silvestre Bello III</a> (1991–1992)</li> <li>Eduardo Montenegro (1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minister/Secretary of Public Information</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Teodoro_Locsin_Jr." title="Teodoro Locsin Jr.">Teodoro Locsin Jr.</a> (1986-1992)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Labor_and_Employment_(Philippines)" title="Department of Labor and Employment (Philippines)">Minister/Secretary of Labor and Employment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Augusto Sanchez (1986-1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_National_Defense_(Philippines)" title="Department of National Defense (Philippines)">Minister/Secretary of National Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ponce_Enrile" title="Juan Ponce Enrile">Juan Ponce Enrile</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Ileto" title="Rafael Ileto">Rafael Ileto</a> (1986–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel Ramos</a> (1988–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renato_de_Villa" title="Renato de Villa">Renato de Villa</a> (1991–1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Public_Works_and_Highways" title="Department of Public Works and Highways">Minister/Secretary of Public Works and Highways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Rogaciano Mercado (1986)</li> <li>Vicente Jayme (1986–1987)</li> <li>Juanito Ferrer (1987–1988)</li> <li>Fiorello Estuar (1988–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_de_Jesus" title="Jose de Jesus">Jose de Jesus</a> (1990–1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Social_Welfare_and_Development_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Social Welfare and Development (Philippines)">Minister/Secretary of Social Welfare and Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mita_Pardo_de_Tavera" title="Mita Pardo de Tavera">Mita Pardo de Tavera</a> (1986-1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Tourism_(Philippines)" title="Department of Tourism (Philippines)">Minister/Secretary of Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jose Gonzales (1986–1987)</li> <li>Rafael Alunan III (1987–1989)</li> <li>Narzalina Lim (1989–1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Trade_and_Industry_(Philippines)" title="Department of Trade and Industry (Philippines)">Minister/Secretary of Trade and Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jose Concepcion Jr. (1986–1991)</li> <li>Peter Garrucho (1991–1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Economic_and_Development_Authority" title="National Economic and Development Authority">Director-General of the National Economic and Development Authority</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solita_Monsod" class="mw-redirect" title="Solita Monsod">Solita Monsod</a> (1986–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Estanislao" title="Jesus Estanislao">Jesus Estanislao</a> (1989–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayetano_Paderanga_Jr." title="Cayetano Paderanga Jr.">Cayetano Paderanga Jr.</a> (1990–1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Budget_and_Management_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Budget and Management (Philippines)">Minister of Budget and Management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Romulo" title="Alberto Romulo">Alberto Romulo</a> (1986–1987)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minister of General Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Ziga" title="Victor Ziga">Victor Ziga</a> (1986–1987)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Human_Rights_(Philippines)" title="Commission on Human Rights (Philippines)">Minister for Human Rights</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jose_W._Diokno" title="Jose W. Diokno">Jose W. Diokno</a> (1986–1987)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Commission_on_Good_Government" title="Presidential Commission on Good Government">Minister for Good Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jovito_Salonga" title="Jovito Salonga">Jovito Salonga</a> (1986–1987)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Executive_Secretary_(Philippines)" title="Executive Secretary (Philippines)">Executive Secretary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joker_Arroyo" title="Joker Arroyo">Joker Arroyo</a> (1986–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalino_Macaraig_Jr." title="Catalino Macaraig Jr.">Catalino Macaraig Jr.</a> (1987–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Orbos" title="Oscar Orbos">Oscar Orbos</a> (1990–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Drilon" title="Franklin Drilon">Franklin Drilon</a> (1991–1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Solicitor_General_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Solicitor General of the Philippines">Solicitor General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sedfrey A. Ordoñez (1986–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Chavez" title="Francisco Chavez">Francisco Chavez</a> (1987–1992)</li> <li>Ramon Desuasido (1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Manila_Development_Authority" title="Metropolitan Manila Development Authority">Chairman of the Metropolitan Manila Authority</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jejomar_Binay" title="Jejomar Binay">Jejomar Binay</a> (1990–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Bunye" title="Ignacio Bunye">Ignacio Bunye</a> (1991–1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" 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class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Cambodia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ek Sonn Chan</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="China"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Longping" title="Yuan Longping">Yuan Longping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="India"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C._D._Deshmukh" title="C. D. Deshmukh">C.D. Deshmukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._M._Lyngdoh" class="mw-redirect" title="J. M. Lyngdoh">J. M. Lyngdoh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Indonesia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Raden Kodijat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Sadikin" title="Ali Sadikin">Ali Sadikin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Japan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morihiko_Hiramatsu" title="Morihiko Hiramatsu">Morihiko Hiramatsu</a></li> <li>Hiroshi Kuroki</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukiharu_Miki" title="Yukiharu Miki">Yukiharu Miki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Laos"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Keo Viphakone</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Malaysia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Suffian_Mohamed_Hashim" title="Mohamed Suffian Mohamed Hashim">Mohamed Suffian Mohamed Hashim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._C._Shekhar" title="B. C. Shekhar">B. C. Shekhar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Pakistan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhtar_Hameed_Khan" title="Akhtar Hameed Khan">Akhtar Hameed Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abdur_Rehman" title="Ibn Abdur Rehman">Ibn Abdur Rehman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Philippines"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jose Vasquez Aguilar</li> <li>Francisca Reyes-Aquino</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilario_Davide_Jr." title="Hilario Davide Jr.">Hilario Davide Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Padaca" title="Grace Padaca">Grace Padaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Robredo" title="Jesse Robredo">Jesse Robredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovito_R._Salonga" class="mw-redirect" title="Jovito R. Salonga">Jovito R. Salonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Defensor_Santiago" title="Miriam Defensor Santiago">Miriam Defensor Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haydee_Yorac" title="Haydee Yorac">Haydee Yorac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Singapore"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goh_Keng_Swee" title="Goh Keng Swee">Goh Keng Swee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Thailand"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anand_Panyarachun" title="Anand Panyarachun">Anand Panyarachun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamlong_Srimuang" title="Chamlong Srimuang">Chamlong Srimuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Ungphakorn" title="Jon Ungphakorn">Jon Ungphakorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phon_Sangsingkeo" title="Phon Sangsingkeo">Phon Sangsingkeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prawase_Wasi" title="Prawase Wasi">Prawase Wasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puey_Ungpakorn" class="mw-redirect" title="Puey Ungpakorn">Puey Ungpakorn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Taiwan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Shih-chu Hsu</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Kwoh-ting" title="Li Kwoh-ting">Li Kwoh-ting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Menglin" title="Jiang Menglin">Jiang Menglin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Public_Service_(1958–2008)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Public Service (1958–2008)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#afc3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Burma"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Burma</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tee_Tee_Luce" title="Tee Tee Luce">Tee Tee Luce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#afc3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Ceylon"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Ceylon" title="Dominion of Ceylon">Ceylon</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Mary H. Rutnam</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#afc3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="China"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Yaojie" title="Gao Yaojie">Gao Yaojie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Yanyong" title="Jiang Yanyong">Jiang Yanyong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liang_Congjie" title="Liang Congjie">Liang Congjie</a></li> <li>Wu Qing</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#afc3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="India"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Amte" title="Baba Amte">Baba Amte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banoo_Jehangir_Coyaji" title="Banoo Jehangir Coyaji">Banoo Jehangir Coyaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manibhai_Desai" title="Manibhai Desai">Manibhai Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayaprakash_Narayan" title="Jayaprakash Narayan">Jayaprakash Narayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Shanta" title="V. Shanta">V. Shanta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#afc3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Indonesia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H.B._Jassin" class="mw-redirect" title="H.B. Jassin">H.B. Jassin</a></li> <li>Teten Masduki</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#afc3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Pakistan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Pfau" title="Ruth Pfau">Ruth Pfau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#afc3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Philippines"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Orata" title="Pedro Orata">Pedro Orata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Card_Bank" title="Card Bank">Center for Agriculture and Rural Development Mutually Reinforcing Institutions (CARD MRI)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#afc3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="South Korea"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Kim Sun-tae</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Won-soon" title="Park Won-soon">Park Won-soon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#afc3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Spain"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></span><br />based in <span data-sort-value="Philippines"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Joaquin Villalonga</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#afc3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Thailand"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fua_Hariphitak" class="mw-redirect" title="Fua Hariphitak">Fua Hariphitak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechai_Viravaidya" title="Mechai Viravaidya">Mechai Viravaidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilawan_Pintong" title="Nilawan Pintong">Nilawan Pintong</a></li> <li>Phra Parnchand</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prateep_Ungsongtham_Hata" title="Prateep Ungsongtham Hata">Prateep Ungsongtham Hata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirindhorn" title="Sirindhorn">Sirindhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sithiporn_Kridakara" title="Sithiporn Kridakara">Sithiporn Kridakara</a></li> <li>Sophon Suphapong</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therdchai_Jivacate" title="Therdchai Jivacate">Therdchai Jivacate</a></li> <li>Thongbai Thongpao</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Community_Leadership_(1958–2008)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Community Leadership (1958–2008)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b3c7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Bangladesh"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tahrunessa_Abdullah" title="Tahrunessa Abdullah">Tahrunessa Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazle_Hasan_Abed" title="Fazle Hasan Abed">Fazle Hasan Abed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zafrullah_Chowdhury" title="Zafrullah Chowdhury">Zafrullah Chowdhury</a></li> <li>Mohammed Yeasin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Gomes" title="Angela Gomes">Angela Gomes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b3c7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Burma"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Burma</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Maung" title="Cynthia Maung">Cynthia Maung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b3c7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="India"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Mandakini Amte & <a href="/wiki/Prakash_Amte" title="Prakash Amte">Prakash Amte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabelle_Arole" title="Mabelle Arole">Mabelle Arole</a> & <a href="/wiki/Rajanikant_Arole" title="Rajanikant Arole">Rajanikant Arole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandurang_Shastri_Athavale" title="Pandurang Shastri Athavale">Pandurang Shastri Athavale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandi_Prasad_Bhatt" title="Chandi Prasad Bhatt">Chandi Prasad Bhatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ela_Bhatt" title="Ela Bhatt">Ela Bhatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinoba_Bhave" title="Vinoba Bhave">Vinoba Bhave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruna_Roy" title="Aruna Roy">Aruna Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantha_Sinha" title="Shantha Sinha">Shantha Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Singh" title="Rajendra Singh">Rajendra Singh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b3c7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Japan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fusaye_Ichikawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Fusaye Ichikawa">Fusaye Ichikawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b3c7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Laos"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sombath_Somphone" title="Sombath Somphone">Sombath Somphone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b3c7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Malaysia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunku_Abdul_Rahman" title="Tunku Abdul Rahman">Tunku Abdul Rahman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b3c7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Nepal"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span>   </span><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahabir_Pun" title="Mahabir Pun">Mahabir Pun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b3c7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Philippines"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gawad_Kalinga_Community_Development_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gawad Kalinga Community Development Foundation">Gawad Kalinga Community Development Foundation</a></li> <li>Antonio Meloto</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b3c7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Thailand"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Aree Valyasevi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasae_Chanawongse" title="Krasae Chanawongse">Krasae Chanawongse</a></li> <li>Prayong Ronnarong</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b3c7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Tibet"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_Tibet.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tibet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_Tibet.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tibet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_Tibet.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tibet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="720" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">14th Dalai Lama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Journalism,_Literature,_and_the_Creative_Communication_Arts_(1958–2008)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Journalism, Literature, and the Creative Communication Arts (1958–2008)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b7cbff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Bangladesh"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matiur_Rahman_(journalist)" title="Matiur Rahman (journalist)">Matiur Rahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Abu_Sayeed" title="Abdullah Abu Sayeed">Abdullah Abu Sayeed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b7cbff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Burma"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Burma</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Michael_Law-Yone" title="Edward Michael Law-Yone">Edward Michael Law-Yone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b7cbff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Ceylon"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Ceylon" title="Dominion of Ceylon">Ceylon</a></span><br />or <span data-sort-value="Sri Lanka"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wannakuwatta_Amaradeva" class="mw-redirect" title="Wannakuwatta Amaradeva">Wannakuwatta Amaradeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarzie_Vittachi" title="Tarzie Vittachi">Tarzie Vittachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b7cbff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="India"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahasweta_Devi" title="Mahasweta Devi">Mahasweta Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palagummi_Sainath" title="Palagummi Sainath">Palagummi Sainath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amitabha_Chowdhury" title="Amitabha Chowdhury">Amitabha Chowdhury</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b7cbff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Indonesia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Atmakusuma Astraatmadja</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mochtar_Lubis" title="Mochtar Lubis">Mochtar Lubis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b7cbff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Japan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a></li> <li>Yasuji Hanamori</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michiko_Ishimure" title="Michiko Ishimure">Michiko Ishimure</a></li> <li>Akio Ishii</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b7cbff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Nepal"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span>   </span><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Koirala" title="Bharat Koirala">Bharat Koirala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b7cbff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Philippines"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zacarias_Sarian" title="Zacarias Sarian">Zacarias Sarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Sionil_Jos%C3%A9" title="F. Sionil José">F. Sionil José</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lino_Brocka" title="Lino Brocka">Lino Brocka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Veritas" title="Radio Veritas">Radio Veritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Reuter" title="James Reuter">James Reuter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bienvenido_Lumbera" title="Bienvenido Lumbera">Bienvenido Lumbera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Joaquin" title="Nick Joaquin">Nick Joaquin</a></li> <li>Raul Locsin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenia_Duran_Apostol" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugenia Duran Apostol">Eugenia Duran Apostol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Coronel" title="Sheila Coronel">Sheila Coronel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b7cbff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Thailand"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prayoon_Chanyavongs" title="Prayoon Chanyavongs">Prayoon Chanyavongs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b7cbff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Great Britain"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Great Britain</a></span><br />based in <span data-sort-value="Philippines"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Robert McCulloch Dick</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Peace_and_International_Understanding_(1958–2008)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Peace and International Understanding (1958–2008)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bbcfff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="China"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tang_Xiyang" title="Tang Xiyang">Tang Xiyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bbcfff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="India"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jockin_Arputham" title="Jockin Arputham">Jockin Arputham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laxminarayan_Ramdas" title="Laxminarayan Ramdas">Laxminarayan Ramdas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bbcfff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Indonesia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Syafi%27i_Maarif" title="Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif">Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bbcfff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Japan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ikuo_Hirayama" title="Ikuo Hirayama">Ikuo Hirayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetsu_Nakamura" title="Tetsu Nakamura">Tetsu Nakamura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saburo_Okita" title="Saburo Okita">Saburo Okita</a></li> <li>Seiei Toyama</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bbcfff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Nepal"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span>   </span><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanduk_Ruit" title="Sanduk Ruit">Sanduk Ruit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bbcfff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Pakistan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abdur_Rehman" title="Ibn Abdur Rehman">Ibn Abdur Rehman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bbcfff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Philippines"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Operation Brotherhood</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Institute_of_Linguistics" class="mw-redirect" title="Summer Institute of Linguistics">Summer Institute of Linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Masterson" title="William Masterson">William Masterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Ray_Watson" title="Harold Ray Watson">Harold Ray Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_of_Rural_Reconstruction" title="International Institute of Rural Reconstruction">International Institute of Rural Reconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_Foundation_of_Asia" title="Press Foundation of Asia">Press Foundation of Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Institute_of_Management" title="Asian Institute of Management">Asian Institute of Management</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Corazon Aquino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bbcfff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="South Korea"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pomnyun" title="Pomnyun">Pomnyun</a> Sunim</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bbcfff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Thailand"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Institute_of_Technology" title="Asian Institute of Technology">Asian Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Project_(Thailand)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Royal Project (Thailand)">The Royal Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bbcfff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="United States"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></span><br />based in <span data-sort-value="Thailand"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genevieve_Caulfield" title="Genevieve Caulfield">Genevieve Caulfield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Emergent_Leadership_(2001–)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Emergent Leadership (2001–)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bfd3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Burma"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Burma</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ka_Hsaw_Wa" title="Ka Hsaw Wa">Ka Hsaw Wa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bfd3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="China"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Guangcheng" title="Chen Guangcheng">Chen Guangcheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bfd3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Cambodia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oung_Chanthol" title="Oung Chanthol">Oung Chanthol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bfd3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="India"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanjiv_Chaturvedi" title="Sanjiv Chaturvedi">Sanjiv Chaturvedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvind_Kejriwal" title="Arvind Kejriwal">Arvind Kejriwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nileema_Mishra" title="Nileema Mishra">Nileema Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandeep_Pandey" title="Sandeep Pandey">Sandeep Pandey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bfd3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Indonesia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ambrosius Ruwindrijarto</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dita_Indah_Sari" title="Dita Indah Sari">Dita Indah Sari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bfd3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Philippines"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Abadiano" title="Benjamin Abadiano">Benjamin Abadiano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bfd3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="South Korea"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Yoon Hye-ran</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bfd3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Sri Lanka"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ananda Galappatti</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bfd3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="East Timor"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/35px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/46px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aniceto_Guterres_Lopes" title="Aniceto Guterres Lopes">Aniceto Guterres Lopes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bfd3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="United States"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></span><br />based in <span data-sort-value="Hong Kong"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chung_To" title="Chung To">Chung To</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Uncategorized_(2009–)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i>Uncategorized</i> (2009–)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#c3d7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Bangladesh"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rizwana_Hasan" title="Rizwana Hasan">Syeda Rizwana Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A.H.M._Noman_Khan" title="A.H.M. Noman Khan">A.H.M. Noman Khan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#c3d7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Cambodia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Yang Saing Koma</li> <li>Koul Panha</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#c3d7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="China"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Fu Qiping</li> <li>Huo Daishan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Jun_(environmentalist)" title="Ma Jun (environmentalist)">Ma Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Yue_(politician)" title="Pan Yue (politician)">Pan Yue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_Xiaogang" title="Yu Xiaogang">Yu Xiaogang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#c3d7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="India"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Kulandei Francis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harish_Hande" title="Harish Hande">Harish Hande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Joshi" title="Deep Joshi">Deep Joshi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#c3d7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Indonesia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hasanain Juaini</li> <li>Tri Mumpuni</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#c3d7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Japan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tadatoshi_Akiba" title="Tadatoshi Akiba">Tadatoshi Akiba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#c3d7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Philippines"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Alternative Indigenous Development Foundation, Inc. (AIDFI)</li> <li>Christopher Bernido</li> <li>Ma. Victoria Carpio-Bernido</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romulo_Davide" title="Romulo Davide">Romulo Davide</a></li> <li>Antonio Oposa Jr.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#c3d7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Taiwan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Shu-chu" title="Chen Shu-chu">Chen Shu-chu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#c3d7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Thailand"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krisana_Kraisintu" title="Krisana Kraisintu">Krisana Kraisintu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="36px_Philippine_Legion_of_Honor_recipients_36px" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Philippine_Legion_of_Honor_recipients" title="Template:Philippine Legion of Honor recipients"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Philippine_Legion_of_Honor_recipients" title="Template talk:Philippine Legion of Honor recipients"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Philippine_Legion_of_Honor_recipients" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Philippine Legion of Honor recipients"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="36px_Philippine_Legion_of_Honor_recipients_36px" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PHL_Legion_of_Honor_-_Legionnaire_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/PHL_Legion_of_Honor_-_Legionnaire_BAR.png/36px-PHL_Legion_of_Honor_-_Legionnaire_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/PHL_Legion_of_Honor_-_Legionnaire_BAR.png/54px-PHL_Legion_of_Honor_-_Legionnaire_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/PHL_Legion_of_Honor_-_Legionnaire_BAR.png/72px-PHL_Legion_of_Honor_-_Legionnaire_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span>    <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Legion_of_Honor" title="Philippine Legion of Honor">Philippine Legion of Honor</a> recipients    <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PHL_Legion_of_Honor_-_Legionnaire_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/PHL_Legion_of_Honor_-_Legionnaire_BAR.png/36px-PHL_Legion_of_Honor_-_Legionnaire_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/PHL_Legion_of_Honor_-_Legionnaire_BAR.png/54px-PHL_Legion_of_Honor_-_Legionnaire_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/PHL_Legion_of_Honor_-_Legionnaire_BAR.png/72px-PHL_Legion_of_Honor_-_Legionnaire_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chief Commander<br />(Punong Komandante)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah" title="Hassanal Bolkiah">Hassanal Bolkiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a></li> <li>Leonardo Espina</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_P._Laurel" class="mw-redirect" title="José P. Laurel">José P. Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imelda_Marcos" title="Imelda Marcos">Imelda Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Sergio Osmeña">Sergio Osmeña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Robredo" title="Jesse Robredo">Jesse Robredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chino_Roces" title="Chino Roces">Chino Roces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Sin" title="Jaime Sin">Jaime Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Achmad Sukarno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Ta%C3%B1ada" title="Lorenzo Tañada">Lorenzo Tañada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_D._Taylor" title="Maxwell D. Taylor">Maxwell D. Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Teehankee" title="Claudio Teehankee">Claudio Teehankee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grand Commander<br />(Marangal na Komandante)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Teodoro" title="Gilbert Teodoro">Gilbert Teodoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Yap" title="Emilio Yap">Emilio Yap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Zobel_de_Ayala" title="Fernando Zobel de Ayala">Fernando Zobel de Ayala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Zobel_de_Ayala" title="Jaime Zobel de Ayala">Jaime Zobel de Ayala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Augusto_Zobel_de_Ayala" title="Jaime Augusto Zobel de Ayala">Jaime Augusto Zobel de Ayala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_G._Rama" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon G. Rama">Napoleon G. Rama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grand Officer<br />(Marangal na Pinuno)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teodoro_Locsin_Jr." title="Teodoro Locsin Jr.">Teodoro Locsin Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commander<br />(Komandante)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Benigno Aquino Jr.">Benigno Aquino Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulogio_Balao" title="Eulogio Balao">Eulogio Balao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotero_Cabahug" title="Sotero Cabahug">Sotero Cabahug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Montelibano_Sr." title="Alfredo Montelibano Sr.">Alfredo Montelibano Sr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Officer (Pinuno)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Benigno Aquino Jr.">Benigno Aquino Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manny_Pacquiao" title="Manny Pacquiao">Manny Pacquiao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legionnaire<br />(Lehiyonaryo)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/201st_Fighter_Squadron_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="201st Fighter Squadron (Mexico)">Escuadrón 201</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodoro_Locsin_Sr." title="Teodoro Locsin Sr.">Teodoro Locsin Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geronima_Pecson" title="Geronima Pecson">Geronima Pecson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Nourse_Rogers" title="Edith Nourse Rogers">Edith Nourse Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Sakakida" title="Richard Sakakida">Richard Sakakida</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Filipino_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Filipinos_and_Peace_Prize" title="Template:Filipinos and Peace Prize"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Filipinos_and_Peace_Prize" title="Template talk:Filipinos and Peace Prize"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Filipinos_and_Peace_Prize" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Filipinos and Peace Prize"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Filipino_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Filipino_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees" title="List of Filipino Nobel laureates and nominees">Filipino Nobel laureates and nominees</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laureates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Citizens" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Citizens</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>none</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economics</a>*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>none</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>none</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Maria_Ressa" title="Maria Ressa">Maria Ressa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>none</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>none</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Expatriates" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Expatriates" class="mw-redirect" title="Expatriates">Expatriates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Heck" title="Richard F. Heck">Richard F. Heck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_Prize.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Seal_of_the_Philippines.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Seal_of_the_Philippines.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Seal_of_the_Philippines.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">by first nominations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>none</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economics</a>*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>none</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Amado_Yuzon" title="Amado Yuzon">Amado Yuzon</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Garc%C3%ADa_Villa" title="José García Villa">José García Villa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_P._Romulo" title="Carlos P. Romulo">Carlos P. Romulo</a></li> <li>1967: United Poets Laureate International (UPLI)</li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Nubla" title="Marcelo Nubla">Marcelo Nubla</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Imelda_Marcos" title="Imelda Marcos">Imelda Marcos</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Schwartz" title="Aloysius Schwartz">Aloysius Schwartz</a></li> <li>1987: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Corazon Aquino</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Fortich" title="Antonio Fortich">Antonio Fortich</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel V. Ramos</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nur_Misuari" title="Nur Misuari">Nur Misuari</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Shay_Cullen" title="Shay Cullen">Shay Cullen</a> / <a href="/wiki/PREDA_Foundation" title="PREDA Foundation">PREDA Foundation</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/PeaceWomen_Across_the_Globe" title="PeaceWomen Across the Globe">1000Peace Women</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Leila_de_Lima" title="Leila de Lima">Leila de Lima</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Maria_Ressa" title="Maria Ressa">Maria Ressa</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Tauli-Corpuz" title="Victoria Tauli-Corpuz">Victoria Tauli-Corpuz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>none</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1929: Otto Schöbl / <a href="/wiki/Proceso_Gabriel" title="Proceso Gabriel">Proceso Gabriel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1480#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1480#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1480#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000114747488">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/72191166">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/190834/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcBVmCrddc8JRrv98KGHC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118830805">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85281089">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12721238j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12721238j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00620274">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35316441">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5286954">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p074039229">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC2018N7028">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810646496005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007257867205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA07942393?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/55711d42-3d3a-4c61-aa7b-7340b9358db2">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/909088">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118830805.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118830805">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/083051317">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10569918">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6817hdw">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&oldid=1258710441">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino&oldid=1258710441</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Corazon_Aquino" title="Category:Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a></li><li><a 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