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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="padding-bottom:0.25em">District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_(obverse).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Great Seal of the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg/140px-Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg/210px-Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg/280px-Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Long title</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">An Act for the Release of certain Persons held to Service or Labor in the District of Columbia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Enacted by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">the <a href="/wiki/37th_United_States_Congress" title="37th United States Congress">37th United States Congress</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Effective</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">April 16, 1862<span class="noprint">; 162 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1862-04-16</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#bbddff">Citations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Public law</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-12/pdf/STATUTE-12-Pg376-2.pdf">37–50</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large"><span class="wrap">Statutes at Large</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">12 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Stat.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislink.org/us/stat-12-376">376</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#bbddff"><span class="nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/37th-congress/senate-bill/108/actions">Legislative history</a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em"><div><ul style="line-height:1.3em;text-align:left"><li><b>Introduced</b> in the Senate as S. 108 by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilson" title="Henry Wilson">Henry Wilson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>‑<a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">MA</a>) on December 16, 1861</li><li><b>Committee consideration</b> by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_District_of_Columbia" title="United States Senate Committee on the District of Columbia">Senate Committee on the District of Columbia</a></li><li><b>Passed the Senate</b> on April 3, 1862 (<span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsj&fileName=054/llsj054.db&recNum=367&itemLink=r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(sj05486))%230540369&linkText=1">29–14</a></span>)</li><li><b>Passed the House</b> on April 11, 1862 (<span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llhj&fileName=059/llhj059.db&recNum=538&itemLink=r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(hj05990))%230590539&linkText=1">92–39</a></span>)</li><li><b>Signed into law</b> by President <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> on April 16, 1862</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#bbddff">Major amendments</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em"><i>An Act Supplementary to the Act for the release of certain persons held to service or labor in the District of Columbia</i>, <a href="/wiki/Public_Law_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Law (United States)"><abbr title="Public Law (United States)">Pub. L.</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Public Law (United States)</span> <span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-12/pdf/STATUTE-12-Pg538-2.pdf">37–127</a></span>, 12 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Stat.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislink.org/us/stat-12-538">538</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>An Act for the Release of certain Persons held to Service or Labor in the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/37th_United_States_Congress" title="37th United States Congress">37th Cong.</a>, Sess. 2, ch. 54, 12 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Stat.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislink.org/us/stat-12-376">376</a>, known colloquially as the <b>District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act</b> or simply <b>Compensated Emancipation Act</b>, was a law that ended <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Slavery in the District of Columbia">slavery in the District of Columbia</a>, while providing slave owners who remained loyal to the United States in the then-ongoing <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> to <a href="/wiki/Compensated_emancipation" title="Compensated emancipation">petition for compensation</a>. Although not written by him,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the act was signed by <a href="/wiki/U.S._President" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. President">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> on April 16, 1862. April 16 is now celebrated in the city as <a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Day#District_of_Columbia_–_April_16" title="Emancipation Day">Emancipation Day</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_of_Columbia_Compensated_Emancipation_Act&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Proposals to eliminate <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Slavery in the District of Columbia">slavery in the District of Columbia</a> date back at least to the <a href="/wiki/Gag_rule_(United_States)" title="Gag rule (United States)">gag rules</a> of the later 1830s. In 1849, when he was a representative, Lincoln introduced a plan to eliminate slavery in Washington, D.C., by compensated emancipation. The bill failed.<sup id="cite_ref-Reiner_57_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reiner_57-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1850" title="Compromise of 1850">Compromise of 1850</a> outlawed the sale and purchase of enslaved people in the District of Columbia.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the ownership of enslaved people in the capital was not affected, and District of Columbia residents could still buy and sell enslaved people in neighboring Virginia and Maryland. </p><p>Emancipation in the District of Columbia became possible in 1861 after the departure of the senators and representatives from the seceding states who had blocked the ending of slavery in the district, not wanting emancipation to be law anywhere. In December 1861, a bill was introduced in <a href="/wiki/US_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="US Congress">Congress</a> to abolish slavery in Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Written by <a href="/wiki/US_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="US Army">US Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">Colonel</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Marshall_Key" title="Thomas Marshall Key">Thomas Marshall Key</a>, a former Democratic state senator from Ohio who was serving as <a href="/wiki/George_McClellan" class="mw-redirect" title="George McClellan">George McClellan</a>'s top legal advisor (Judge Advocate), <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sponsored by <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate">Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilson" title="Henry Wilson">Henry Wilson</a> of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, the bill passed the Senate on April 3 by a vote of 29 in favor and 14 opposed.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It passed the House of Representatives on April 11.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lincoln had wanted the bill to include a provision to make emancipation effective only after a favorable vote from the citizens of the District of Columbia.<sup id="cite_ref-opinions_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opinions-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-views_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-views-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also wanted the bill to delay implementation until a certain amount of time after enactment.<sup id="cite_ref-opinions_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opinions-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Congress included neither provision in the bill.<sup id="cite_ref-opinions_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opinions-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-views_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-views-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lincoln signed the bill on April 16, 1862,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> amid ongoing Congressional debate over an emancipation plan for the <a href="/wiki/Border_states_(American_Civil_War)" title="Border states (American Civil War)">border states</a>. Following the bill's passage, Lincoln proposed several changes to the act, which Congress approved.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The commissioners appointed to implement the bill later made a report to Congress listing the names of slaveholders who applied for compensation, the names of people emancipated, and the amounts paid.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to one account, enslavers sold nearly 2000 people from the District in the spring of 1862 in hopes of evading emancipation and getting higher prices from Confederates than the government was offering.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The passage of the Compensated Emancipation Act came nearly nine months before the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a>. The act immediately emancipated enslaved people in Washington, D.C., and set aside $1 million<sup id="cite_ref-Reiner_57_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reiner_57-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to compensate slaveholders loyal to the U.S. government.<sup id="cite_ref-NARA_FD_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NARA_FD-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The law allocated an additional $100,000<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to pay each formerly enslaved person $100 if they chose to leave the United States for places such as <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> or <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a>, which accepted Black American immigration.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Outcome">Outcome</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_of_Columbia_Compensated_Emancipation_Act&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Outcome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The emancipation plan relied on a three-person <a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Commission" title="Emancipation Commission">Emancipation Commission</a> to distribute the allotted funding. To receive compensation, former slave owners were required to provide written evidence of their ownership and state their loyalty to the Union. Most of the petitioners were white, but some blacks filed for compensation, having once bought their family members away from other owners. In the end, almost all of the $1 million appropriated in the act was spent.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of the act's passage, 3,185 people were freed from slavery.<sup id="cite_ref-Zavodnyik_15_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zavodnyik_15-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <a href="/wiki/Fugitive_slave_laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Fugitive slave laws">fugitive slave laws</a> still applied to people who had fled slavery from <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> to Washington, D.C. until their 1864 repeal.<sup id="cite_ref-Zavodnyik_15_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zavodnyik_15-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the U.S. government never expanded the compensated emancipation model beyond the District of Columbia, the act, along with the prohibition of slavery in the federal territories a few months later,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> foreshadowed the later demise of slavery in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-NARA_FD_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NARA_FD-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The act was the only compensated emancipation plan enacted in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Reiner_57_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reiner_57-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The District of Columbia has celebrated April 16 as Emancipation Day since 1866, holding an annual parade to commemorate the signing of the act until 1901, when a lack of financial and organizational support forced the tradition to stop;<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it restarted in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2000, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Council of the District of Columbia">Council of the District of Columbia</a> made April 16 a private holiday (i.e. one on which city employees are not given a free day off) and on July 9, 2004, council member <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Orange" title="Vincent Orange">Vincent Orange</a> proposed making the day a public holiday.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The District of Columbia first celebrated Emancipation Day as an official city holiday in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"When Congress passed the DC Emancipation Act in April 1862, giving compensation to 'loyal' owners, Coakley [Gabriel Coakley, a leader of the black Catholic community in Washington] successfully petitioned for his wife and children, since he had purchased their freedom in earlier years. He was one of only a handful of black Washingtonians to claim this. The federal government paid him $1489.20 for eight people he 'owned'; he had claimed their value at $3,300."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:An_Act_of_April_16,_1862_(For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia),_04-16-1862,_page_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Page 1"><img alt="Page 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_1.jpg/87px-An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_1.jpg/130px-An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_1.jpg/174px-An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2283" data-file-height="3150" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Page 1</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:An_Act_of_April_16,_1862_(For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia),_04-16-1862,_page_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Page 2"><img alt="Page 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_2.jpg/87px-An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_2.jpg/131px-An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_2.jpg/174px-An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2290" data-file-height="3150" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Page 2</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:An_Act_of_April_16,_1862_(For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia),_04-16-1862,_page_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Page 3"><img alt="Page 3" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_3.jpg/87px-An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_3.jpg/131px-An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_3.jpg/174px-An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="3150" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Page 3</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:An_Act_of_April_16,_1862_(For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia),_04-16-1862,_page_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Page 4"><img alt="Page 4" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_4.jpg/87px-An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_4.jpg/130px-An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_4.jpg/174px-An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2286" data-file-height="3150" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Page 4</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:An_Act_of_April_16,_1862_(For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia),_04-16-1862,_page_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Page 5"><img alt="Page 5" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_5.jpg/87px-An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_5.jpg/131px-An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_5.jpg/175px-An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2294" data-file-height="3150" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Page 5</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:An_Act_of_April_16,_1862_(For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia),_04-16-1862,_page_6.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Page 6"><img alt="Page 6" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_6.jpg/87px-An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_6.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_6.jpg/131px-An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_6.jpg/175px-An_Act_of_April_16%2C_1862_%28For_the_Release_of_Certain_Persons_Held_to_Service_or_Labor_in_the_District_of_Columbia%29%2C_04-16-1862%2C_page_6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2299" data-file-height="3150" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Page 6</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Supplemental_legislation">Supplemental legislation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_of_Columbia_Compensated_Emancipation_Act&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Supplemental legislation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following Lincoln's concerns over the version of the bill that he signed, Congress approved a supplement to the original Compensated Emancipation Act.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The amendment passed on July 12, 1862, allowing formerly enslaved people to petition for compensation if their former owners had not done so. Under the supplemental act, claims made by blacks and whites were weighted equally, whereas previously, the testimonies of blacks—enslaved or free—were discarded if challenged by a white person.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Supplemental_Act_of_July_12,_1862,_page_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Page 1"><img alt="Page 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Supplemental_Act_of_July_12%2C_1862%2C_page_1.jpg/86px-Supplemental_Act_of_July_12%2C_1862%2C_page_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Supplemental_Act_of_July_12%2C_1862%2C_page_1.jpg/129px-Supplemental_Act_of_July_12%2C_1862%2C_page_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Supplemental_Act_of_July_12%2C_1862%2C_page_1.jpg/172px-Supplemental_Act_of_July_12%2C_1862%2C_page_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2256" data-file-height="3150" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Page 1</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Supplemental_Act_of_July_12,_1862,_page_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Page 2"><img alt="Page 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Supplemental_Act_of_July_12%2C_1862%2C_page_2.jpg/87px-Supplemental_Act_of_July_12%2C_1862%2C_page_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Supplemental_Act_of_July_12%2C_1862%2C_page_2.jpg/130px-Supplemental_Act_of_July_12%2C_1862%2C_page_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Supplemental_Act_of_July_12%2C_1862%2C_page_2.jpg/173px-Supplemental_Act_of_July_12%2C_1862%2C_page_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2277" data-file-height="3150" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Page 2</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Video">Video</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_of_Columbia_Compensated_Emancipation_Act&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Video"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ot7jaYEDySA"><i>D.C. Emancipation Act</i></a>, National Archives. Inside the vaults, U.S. <a href="/wiki/National_Archives" class="mw-redirect" title="National Archives">National Archives</a>, April 4, 2012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=D.C.+Emancipation+Act&rft.series=National+Archives.+Inside+the+vaults&rft.pub=U.S.+National+Archives&rft.date=2012-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DOt7jaYEDySA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistrict+of+Columbia+Compensated+Emancipation+Act" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_of_Columbia_Compensated_Emancipation_Act&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">Slavery in the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_of_Columbia_Compensated_Emancipation_Act&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_of_Columbia_Compensated_Emancipation_Act&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuelzo2009">Guelzo 2009</a>, p. 128</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reiner_57-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reiner_57_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reiner_57_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reiner_57_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReiner2006">Reiner 2006</a>, p. 57</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/topics/abolitionist-movement/compromise-of-1850">"Compromise of 1850"</a>. <i>HISTORY</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 7,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HISTORY&rft.atitle=Compromise+of+1850&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Ftopics%2Fabolitionist-movement%2Fcompromise-of-1850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistrict+of+Columbia+Compensated+Emancipation+Act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurgess1901">Burgess 1901</a>, p. 78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wheeler, Linda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/house-divided/wp/2014/04/14/the-true-author-of-d-c-s-emancipation-act-is-uncovered/">"The true author of D.C.'s Emancipation Act is uncovered"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> (April 14, 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/91632460/">"Emancipation in the District"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. April 4, 1862. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Emancipation+in+the+District&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1862-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F91632460%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistrict+of+Columbia+Compensated+Emancipation+Act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/91712846/">"Abolition in the District of Columbia"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. April 12, 1862. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Abolition+in+the+District+of+Columbia&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1862-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F91712846%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistrict+of+Columbia+Compensated+Emancipation+Act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcQuirter2009">McQuirter 2009</a>, pp. 12–13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-opinions-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-opinions_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-opinions_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-opinions_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/91653233/">"Emancipation in the District—Mr. Lincoln's Opinions"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. April 15, 1862. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Emancipation+in+the+District%E2%80%94Mr.+Lincoln%27s+Opinions&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1862-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F91653233%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistrict+of+Columbia+Compensated+Emancipation+Act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-views-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-views_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-views_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/91544848/">"Mr. Lincoln's Views on Slavery—His Course Towards the South"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. November 5, 1860. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Mr.+Lincoln%27s+Views+on+Slavery%E2%80%94His+Course+Towards+the+South&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1860-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F91544848%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistrict+of+Columbia+Compensated+Emancipation+Act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/533678237/">"Thirty-Seventh Congress—First Session"</a>. <i>The Baltimore Sun</i>. April 17, 1862. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=Thirty-Seventh+Congress%E2%80%94First+Session&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1862-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F533678237%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistrict+of+Columbia+Compensated+Emancipation+Act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurgess1901">Burgess 1901</a>, pp. 79–82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Emancipation in the District of Columbia," House Executive Document 42, 38th Congress, 1st session; online at: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.31158001111896?urlappend=%3Bseq=781%3Bownerid=13510798902483858-785">https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.31158001111896?urlappend=%3Bseq=781%3Bownerid=13510798902483858-785</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColby2024" class="citation book cs1">Colby, Robert K. D. (2024). <i>An Unholy Traffic: Slave Trading in the Civil War South</i>. Oxford University Press. pp. 73–74. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foso%2F9780197578261.001.0001">10.1093/oso/9780197578261.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780197578285" title="Special:BookSources/9780197578285"><bdi>9780197578285</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2023053721">2023053721</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1412042395">1412042395</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Unholy+Traffic%3A+Slave+Trading+in+the+Civil+War+South&rft.pages=73-74&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1412042395&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2023053721&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foso%2F9780197578261.001.0001&rft.isbn=9780197578285&rft.aulast=Colby&rft.aufirst=Robert+K.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistrict+of+Columbia+Compensated+Emancipation+Act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NARA_FD-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NARA_FD_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NARA_FD_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/dc_emancipation_act/">"The District of Columbia Emancipation Act"</a>. <i>Featured Documents</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives and Records Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Featured+Documents&rft.atitle=The+District+of+Columbia+Emancipation+Act&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Fexhibits%2Ffeatured_documents%2Fdc_emancipation_act%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistrict+of+Columbia+Compensated+Emancipation+Act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRodriguez2007">Rodriguez 2007</a>, p. 275</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurgess1901">Burgess 1901</a>, p. 82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcQuirter2009">McQuirter 2009</a>, p. 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zavodnyik_15-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zavodnyik_15_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zavodnyik_15_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZavodnyik2011">Zavodnyik 2011</a>, p. 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freedmen.umd.edu/freeterr.htm">"Emancipation in the Federal Territories, June 19, 1862"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Emancipation+in+the+Federal+Territories%2C+June+19%2C+1862&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freedmen.umd.edu%2Ffreeterr.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistrict+of+Columbia+Compensated+Emancipation+Act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGay2007">Gay 2007</a>, p. 150</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillespie2011" class="citation news cs1">Gillespie, Lisa (April 5, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.georgetowner.com/articles/2011/apr/05/dc-statehood-emancipation-day-linked/">"D.C. Statehood & Emancipation Day Linked"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Georgetowner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Georgetowner (page does not exist)">The Georgetowner</a></i>. Georgetown Media Group<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 8,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Georgetowner&rft.atitle=D.C.+Statehood+%26+Emancipation+Day+Linked&rft.date=2011-04-05&rft.aulast=Gillespie&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.georgetowner.com%2Farticles%2F2011%2Fapr%2F05%2Fdc-statehood-emancipation-day-linked%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistrict+of+Columbia+Compensated+Emancipation+Act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAarons2004" class="citation news cs1">Aarons, Dakarai I. (July 10, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A39778-2004Jul9.html">"Emancipation Day May Go Public"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. p. B02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 8,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Emancipation+Day+May+Go+Public&rft.pages=B02&rft.date=2004-07-10&rft.aulast=Aarons&rft.aufirst=Dakarai+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Farticles%2FA39778-2004Jul9.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistrict+of+Columbia+Compensated+Emancipation+Act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGay2007">Gay 2007</a>, p. 149</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">White, Jonathan W., <i>A House Built by Slaves: African American Visitors to the Lincoln White House</i>, Rowman & Littlefield, 2022, p. 106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBasler1953">Basler 1953</a>, p. 192</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/dc_emancipation_act/supplemental_act.html">"Supplemental Act of July 12, 1862"</a>. <i>Featured Documents</i>. National Archives and Records Administration<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 8,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Featured+Documents&rft.atitle=Supplemental+Act+of+July+12%2C+1862&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Fexhibits%2Ffeatured_documents%2Fdc_emancipation_act%2Fsupplemental_act.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistrict+of+Columbia+Compensated+Emancipation+Act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcQuirter2009">McQuirter 2009</a>, pp. 13–14</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_of_Columbia_Compensated_Emancipation_Act&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBasler1953" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Basler" title="Roy Basler">Basler, Roy P.</a>, ed. (1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q4ysBXMyg8UC"><i>The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln</i></a>. Vol. 5. <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University_Press" title="Rutgers University Press">Rutgers University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781434477071" title="Special:BookSources/9781434477071"><bdi>9781434477071</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Collected+Works+of+Abraham+Lincoln&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=1953&rft.isbn=9781434477071&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ4ysBXMyg8UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistrict+of+Columbia+Compensated+Emancipation+Act" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurgess1901" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Burgess_(political_scientist)" title="John Burgess (political scientist)">Burgess, John W.</a> (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/civilwarconstitu02burguoft"><i>The Civil War and the Constitution</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scribner%27s_Sons" title="Charles Scribner's Sons">Charles Scribner's Sons</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Civil+War+and+the+Constitution&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1901&rft.aulast=Burgess&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcivilwarconstitu02burguoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistrict+of+Columbia+Compensated+Emancipation+Act" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGay2007" class="citation book cs1">Gay, Kathlyn (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/africanamericanh2007gayk"><i>African-American Holidays, Festivals, and Celebrations</i></a></span>. Omnigraphics. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7808-0779-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7808-0779-2"><bdi>978-0-7808-0779-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African-American+Holidays%2C+Festivals%2C+and+Celebrations&rft.pub=Omnigraphics&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7808-0779-2&rft.aulast=Gay&rft.aufirst=Kathlyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fafricanamericanh2007gayk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistrict+of+Columbia+Compensated+Emancipation+Act" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuelzo2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Allen_C._Guelzo" title="Allen C. Guelzo">Guelzo, Allen C.</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a1FdHEpI8r8C"><i>Abraham Lincoln as a Man of Ideas</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Southern_Illinois_University_Press" title="Southern Illinois University Press">Southern Illinois University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8093-2861-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8093-2861-1"><bdi>978-0-8093-2861-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Abraham+Lincoln+as+a+Man+of+Ideas&rft.pub=Southern+Illinois+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8093-2861-1&rft.aulast=Guelzo&rft.aufirst=Allen+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da1FdHEpI8r8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistrict+of+Columbia+Compensated+Emancipation+Act" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcQuirter2009" class="citation book cs1">McQuirter, Marya Annette (2009). Scott, Stephanie D (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120320082941/http://os.dc.gov/os/frames.asp?doc=%2Fos%2Flib%2Fos%2Finfo%2Femancipation_day%2Fdc_emancipation_booklet.pdf"><i>Ending Slavery in the Nation's Capital</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Office of the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Secretary of the District of Columbia">Secretary of the District of Columbia</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://os.dc.gov/os/frames.asp?doc=/os/lib/os/info/emancipation_day/dc_emancipation_booklet.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 20, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ending+Slavery+in+the+Nation%27s+Capital&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Secretary+of+the+District+of+Columbia&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=McQuirter&rft.aufirst=Marya+Annette&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fos.dc.gov%2Fos%2Fframes.asp%3Fdoc%3D%2Fos%2Flib%2Fos%2Finfo%2Femancipation_day%2Fdc_emancipation_booklet.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistrict+of+Columbia+Compensated+Emancipation+Act" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReiner2006" class="citation book cs1">Reiner, Karl (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uPZEvgAACAAJ"><i>Remembering Fairfax County, Virginia</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/The_History_Press" title="The History Press">The History Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59629-096-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59629-096-9"><bdi>978-1-59629-096-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Remembering+Fairfax+County%2C+Virginia&rft.pub=The+History+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-59629-096-9&rft.aulast=Reiner&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuPZEvgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistrict+of+Columbia+Compensated+Emancipation+Act" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodriguez2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Junius_P._Rodriguez" title="Junius P. Rodriguez">Rodriguez, Junius P.</a>, ed. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4X44KbDBl9gC"><i>Slavery in the United States: A Social, Political, and Historical Encyclopedia</i></a>. Vol. 1. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-544-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-544-5"><bdi>978-1-85109-544-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slavery+in+the+United+States%3A+A+Social%2C+Political%2C+and+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-544-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4X44KbDBl9gC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistrict+of+Columbia+Compensated+Emancipation+Act" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZavodnyik2011" class="citation book cs1">Zavodnyik, Peter (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0v8LMPyZzNEC"><i>The Rise of the Federal Colossus: The Growth of Federal Power from Lincoln to F.D.R.</i></a> <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-39293-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-39293-1"><bdi>978-0-313-39293-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+the+Federal+Colossus%3A+The+Growth+of+Federal+Power+from+Lincoln+to+F.D.R.&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-313-39293-1&rft.aulast=Zavodnyik&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0v8LMPyZzNEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistrict+of+Columbia+Compensated+Emancipation+Act" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <style 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