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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_fibers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_fibers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Natural fibers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_fibers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artificial_fibers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artificial_fibers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Artificial fibers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Artificial_fibers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Artificial fibers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Artificial_fibers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Semi-synthetic_fibers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Semi-synthetic_fibers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Semi-synthetic fibers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Semi-synthetic_fibers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cellulose_regenerated_fibers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cellulose_regenerated_fibers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Cellulose regenerated fibers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cellulose_regenerated_fibers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Synthetic_fibers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synthetic_fibers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Synthetic fibers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synthetic_fibers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Metallic_fibers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metallic_fibers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Metallic fibers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metallic_fibers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carbon_fiber" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carbon_fiber"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Carbon fiber</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carbon_fiber-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Silicon_carbide_fiber" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Silicon_carbide_fiber"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Silicon carbide fiber</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Silicon_carbide_fiber-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiberglass" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiberglass"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>Fiberglass</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fiberglass-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mineral_fibers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mineral_fibers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.5</span> <span>Mineral fibers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mineral_fibers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polymer_fibers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polymer_fibers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.6</span> <span>Polymer fibers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polymer_fibers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Microfibers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Microfibers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.7</span> <span>Microfibers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Microfibers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Typical_properties_of_selected_fibers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Typical_properties_of_selected_fibers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Typical properties of selected fibers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Typical_properties_of_selected_fibers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fiber</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 67 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">67 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesel" title="Vesel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vesel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81" title="ليف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lif" title="Lif – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lif" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81" title="তন্তু – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তন্তু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhiam-%C3%BBi" title="Chhiam-ûi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhiam-ûi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D1%81%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80" title="Сүстәр – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сүстәр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Валакно – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Валакно" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Влакно – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Влакно" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlakno" title="Vlakno – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vlakno" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibra" title="Fibra – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fibra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80-%D0%B0%D0%B2%C4%83%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BC" title="Пир-авăрлăх чĕлкĕм – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пир-авăрлăх чĕлкĕм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber" title="Fiber – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fiber" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faser" title="Faser – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Faser" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiud" title="Kiud – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kiud" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8A%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Ίνα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ίνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Сэльге – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Сэльге" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibra" title="Fibra – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fibra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%81" title="الیاف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الیاف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibre" title="Fibre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fibre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sn%C3%A1ith%C3%ADn" title="Snáithín – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Snáithín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibras_naturais_e_artificiais" title="Fibras naturais e artificiais – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fibras naturais e artificiais" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%AC%EC%9C%A0" title="섬유 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="섬유" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%CA%BBokahe" title="Hoʻokahe – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Hoʻokahe" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Մանրաթելեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մանրաթելեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE" title="रेशा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रेशा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlakno" title="Vlakno – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vlakno" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibro" title="Fibro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fibro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serat" title="Serat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Serat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inxoza" title="Inxoza – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Inxoza" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trefjar" title="Trefjar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Trefjar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%91" title="סיב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סיב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serat" title="Serat – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Serat" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81" title="ನಾರು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನಾರು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Волокнит – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Волокнит" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%8D" title="ເສັ້ນໄຍ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເສັ້ນໄຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0k%C4%ABzna" title="Škīzna – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Škīzna" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skaidula" title="Skaidula – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Skaidula" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A1lasanyagok" title="Szálasanyagok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szálasanyagok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsiraka" title="Tsiraka – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tsiraka" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D" title="നാര് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നാര്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serat" title="Serat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Serat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vezel" title="Vezel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vezel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE" title="रेशा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रेशा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B9%8A%E7%B6%AD" title="繊維 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="繊維" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber" title="Fiber – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fiber" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber" title="Fiber – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fiber" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibra" title="Fibra – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fibra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82%C3%B3kno" title="Włókno – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Włókno" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibra" title="Fibra – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fibra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibr%C4%83" title="Fibră – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fibră" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%27aytucha" title="Q'aytucha – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Q'aytucha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrat" title="Fibrat – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fibrat" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibre" title="Fibre – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fibre" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%88" title="ريشو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ريشو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Влакна – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Влакна" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlakno" title="Vlakno – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vlakno" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuitu" title="Kuitu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kuitu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibla" title="Hibla – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hibla" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%88" title="இழை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இழை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isirg" title="Isirg – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Isirg" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%A2" title="เส้นใย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เส้นใย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lif" title="Lif – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lif" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%81" title="ریشہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ریشہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" 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</div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fibers" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q161" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected until August 31, 2027 at 11:54 UTC, due to vandalism"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Natural or synthetic substance that is significantly longer than it is wide</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Fibre" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Fiber_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Fiber (disambiguation)">Fiber (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">Dietary fiber</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/60px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/120px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Fiber" title="Special:EditPage/Fiber">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Fiber%22">"Fiber"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Fiber%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Fiber%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Fiber%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Fiber%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Fiber%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fibreoptic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Fibreoptic.jpg/250px-Fibreoptic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Fibreoptic.jpg/330px-Fibreoptic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Fibreoptic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="529" /></a><figcaption>A bundle of <a href="/wiki/Optical_fibers" class="mw-redirect" title="Optical fibers">optical fibers</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Fiber</b> (also spelled <b>fibre</b> in <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a>; from Latin: <i lang="la">fibra</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="#Natural_fibers">natural</a> or <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Artificial_fibers">artificial</a> substance that is significantly longer than it is wide.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fibers are often used in the manufacture of other materials. The strongest engineering materials often incorporate fibers, for example <a href="/wiki/Carbon_fibers" title="Carbon fibers">carbon fiber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-molecular-weight_polyethylene" title="Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene">ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene</a>. </p><p>Synthetic fibers can often be produced very cheaply and in large amounts compared to natural fibers, but for clothing natural fibers have some benefits, such as comfort, over their synthetic counterparts. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Natural_fibers">Natural fibers</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Natural_fiber" title="Natural fiber">Natural fiber</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PhilFIDA_natural_fibersA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/PhilFIDA_natural_fibersA.jpg/250px-PhilFIDA_natural_fibersA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/PhilFIDA_natural_fibersA.jpg/330px-PhilFIDA_natural_fibersA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/PhilFIDA_natural_fibersA.jpg/500px-PhilFIDA_natural_fibersA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3925" data-file-height="2575" /></a><figcaption>Various natural fibers from plants found in the Philippines. Labels show the plant names</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fiber</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carbon_fiber_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Carbon_fiber_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Carbon_fiber_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Carbon_fiber_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Carbon_fiber_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Carbon_fiber_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Carbon_fiber_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1819" data-file-height="726" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #e7dac1"> <a href="/wiki/Natural_fiber" title="Natural fiber">Natural fibers</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: center; padding-left: 0.4em;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Animal_fiber" title="Animal fiber">Animal</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpaca_fiber" title="Alpaca fiber">Alpaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angora_wool" title="Angora wool">Angora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byssus" title="Byssus">Byssus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel_hair" title="Camel hair">Camel hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cashmere_wool" title="Cashmere wool">Cashmere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catgut" title="Catgut">Catgut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiengora" title="Chiengora">Chiengora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanaco#Guanaco_fibre" title="Guanaco">Guanaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llama#Fiber" title="Llama">Llama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohair" title="Mohair">Mohair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashmina" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashmina">Pashmina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiviut" title="Qiviut">Qiviut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_hair" title="Rabbit hair">Rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">Silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tendon" title="Tendon">Sinew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider_silk" title="Spider silk">Spider silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">Wool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicu%C3%B1a_wool" title="Vicuña wool">Vicuña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yak#Yak_fiber" title="Yak">Yak</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: center; padding-left: 0.4em;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Fiber_crop" title="Fiber crop">Plant</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abac%C3%A1" title="Abacá">Abacá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagasse" title="Bagasse">Bagasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_textiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Bamboo textiles">Bamboo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coir" title="Coir">Coir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flax" title="Flax">Flax</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Linen" title="Linen">Linen</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">Hemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jute" title="Jute">Jute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceiba_pentandra" title="Ceiba pentandra">Kapok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenaf" title="Kenaf">Kenaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%B1a" title="Piña">Piña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_flannel" title="Vegetable flannel">Pine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raffia_palm" title="Raffia palm">Raffia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramie" title="Ramie">Ramie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisal" title="Sisal">Sisal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_fibre" title="Wood fibre">Wood</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: center; padding-left: 0.4em;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Mineral fiber">Mineral</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">Asbestos</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #e7dac1"> <a href="/wiki/Man-made_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Man-made fiber">Human-made fibers</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: center; padding-left: 0.4em;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Regenerated_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Regenerated fiber">Regenerated fibers</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_silk" title="Artificial silk">Artificial silk</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: center; padding-left: 0.4em;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Semi-synthetic_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-synthetic fiber">Semi-synthetic fibers</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellulose_acetate" title="Cellulose acetate">Acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellulose_diacetate" title="Cellulose diacetate">Diacetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyocell" title="Lyocell">Lyocell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modal_(textile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Modal (textile)">Modal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayon" title="Rayon">Rayon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triacetate" class="mw-redirect" title="Triacetate">Triacetate</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: center; padding-left: 0.4em;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_fiber" title="Synthetic fiber">Synthetic fibers</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background-color: transparent; text-align: center; padding-left: 0.4em"><div style="margin: 0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Mineral fiber">Mineral</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Glass_fiber" title="Glass fiber">Glass</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Carbon_fibers" title="Carbon fibers">Carbon</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Poly(2,6-diphenylphenylene_oxide)" title="Poly(2,6-diphenylphenylene oxide)">Tenax</a>)</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Boron_fiber" title="Boron fiber">Boron</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Basalt_fiber" title="Basalt fiber">Basalt</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Metallic_fiber" title="Metallic fiber">Metallic</a> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background-color: transparent; text-align: center; padding-left: 0.4em"><div style="margin: 0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Polymer_fibers">Polymer</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Acrylic_fiber" title="Acrylic fiber">Acrylic</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Aramid" title="Aramid">Aramid</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Twaron" title="Twaron">Twaron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kevlar" title="Kevlar">Kevlar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Technora" title="Technora">Technora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nomex" title="Nomex">Nomex</a>)</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Microfiber" title="Microfiber">Microfiber</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Modacrylic" title="Modacrylic">Modacrylic</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">Nylon</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Olefin_fiber" title="Olefin fiber">Olefin</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">Polyester</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Polyethylene" title="Polyethylene">Polyethylene</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-molecular-weight_polyethylene" title="Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene">Dyneema</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-molecular-weight_polyethylene" title="Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene">Spectra</a>)</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Spandex" title="Spandex">Spandex</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Vinylon" title="Vinylon">Vinylon</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Vinyon" title="Vinyon">Vinyon</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Zylon" title="Zylon">Zylon</a> </li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="grain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg/20px-Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg/40px-Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Agriculture_and_agronomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Agriculture and agronomy">Agriculture and agronomy portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg/15px-Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg/23px-Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg/30px-Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Engineering" title="Portal:Engineering">Engineering portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fibers" title="Category:Fibers">Category: Fibers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fibre_sidebar" title="Template:Fibre sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fibre_sidebar" title="Template talk:Fibre sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fibre_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fibre sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Natural fibers develop or occur in the fiber shape, and include those produced by plants, animals, and geological processes.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They can be classified according to their origin: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiber_crop" title="Fiber crop">Vegetable fibers</a> are generally based on arrangements of <a href="/wiki/Cellulose" title="Cellulose">cellulose</a>, often with <a href="/wiki/Lignin" title="Lignin">lignin</a>: examples include <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_sativa" title="Cannabis sativa">hemp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jute" title="Jute">jute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flax" title="Flax">flax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Abaca">abaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%B1a" title="Piña">piña</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramie" title="Ramie">ramie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sisal" title="Sisal">sisal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bagasse" title="Bagasse">bagasse</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Banana#Fiber" title="Banana">banana</a>. Plant fibers are employed in the manufacture of <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Textile" title="Textile">textile</a> (cloth), and <a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">dietary fiber</a> is an important component of human nutrition.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_fibre" title="Wood fibre">Wood fiber</a>, distinguished from vegetable fiber, is from tree sources. Forms include groundwood, <a href="/wiki/Lagetta_lagetto" title="Lagetta lagetto">lacebark</a>, thermomechanical pulp (TMP), and bleached or unbleached <a href="/wiki/Kraft_process" title="Kraft process">kraft</a> or sulfite pulps. Kraft and sulfite refer to the type of pulping process used to remove the lignin bonding the original wood structure, thus freeing the fibers for use in paper and <a href="/wiki/Engineered_wood" title="Engineered wood">engineered wood</a> products such as <a href="/wiki/Fiberboard" title="Fiberboard">fiberboard</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_fiber" title="Animal fiber">Animal fibers</a> consist largely of particular proteins. Instances are <a href="/wiki/Silkworm" class="mw-redirect" title="Silkworm">silkworm</a> <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spider_silk" title="Spider silk">spider silk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinew" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinew">sinew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catgut" title="Catgut">catgut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">wool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sea_silk" title="Sea silk">sea silk</a> and hair such as <a href="/wiki/Cashmere_wool" title="Cashmere wool">cashmere wool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mohair" title="Mohair">mohair</a> and <a href="/wiki/Angora_wool" title="Angora wool">angora</a>, fur such as sheepskin, rabbit, mink, fox, beaver, etc.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Mineral fiber">Mineral fibers</a> include the <a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">asbestos</a> group. Asbestos is the only naturally occurring long <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a> fiber. Six minerals have been classified as "asbestos" including <a href="/wiki/Chrysotile" title="Chrysotile">chrysotile</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Serpentine_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Serpentine group">serpentine</a> class and those belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Amphibole" title="Amphibole">amphibole</a> class: <a href="/wiki/Amosite" class="mw-redirect" title="Amosite">amosite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crocidolite" class="mw-redirect" title="Crocidolite">crocidolite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tremolite" title="Tremolite">tremolite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthophyllite" title="Anthophyllite">anthophyllite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Actinolite" title="Actinolite">actinolite</a>. Short, fiber-like minerals include <a href="/wiki/Wollastonite" title="Wollastonite">wollastonite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palygorskite" title="Palygorskite">palygorskite</a>.</li> <li>Biological fibers, also known as <a href="/wiki/Fibrous_proteins" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibrous proteins">fibrous proteins</a> or <a href="/wiki/Protein_filament" title="Protein filament">protein filaments</a>, consist largely of biologically relevant and biologically very important proteins, in which mutations or other genetic defects can lead to <a href="/wiki/Collagen#Diseases" title="Collagen">severe diseases</a>. Instances include the <a href="/wiki/Collagen" title="Collagen">collagen</a><sup id="cite_ref-Saad_1994_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saad_1994-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> family of proteins, <a href="/wiki/Tendons" class="mw-redirect" title="Tendons">tendons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muscle_proteins" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscle proteins">muscle proteins</a> like <a href="/wiki/Actin" title="Actin">actin</a>, cell proteins like <a href="/wiki/Microtubule" title="Microtubule">microtubules</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and many others, such as <a href="/wiki/Spider_silk" title="Spider silk">spider silk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinew" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinew">sinew</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hair" title="Hair">hair</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artificial_fibers">Artificial fibers<span class="anchor" id="Chemical"></span></h2></div> <p>Artificial or chemical fibers are fibers whose chemical composition, structure, and properties are significantly modified during the manufacturing process. In fashion, a fiber is a long and thin strand or thread of material that can be <a href="/wiki/Knitting" title="Knitting">knit</a> or <a href="/wiki/Woven_fabric" title="Woven fabric">woven</a> into a fabric.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artificial fibers consist of regenerated fibers and synthetic fibers. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Fiber_modification" title="Fiber modification">fiber modification</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Semi-synthetic_fibers">Semi-synthetic fibers</h3></div> <p>Semi-synthetic fibers are made from raw materials with naturally long-chain <a href="/wiki/Polymer" title="Polymer">polymer</a> structure and are only modified and partially degraded by chemical processes, in contrast to completely synthetic fibers such as <a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">nylon</a> (polyamide) or <a href="/wiki/Dacron" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacron">dacron</a> (polyester), which the chemist synthesizes from low-molecular weight compounds by polymerization (chain-building) reactions. The earliest semi-synthetic fiber is the cellulose regenerated fiber, <a href="/wiki/Rayon" title="Rayon">rayon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most semi-synthetic fibers are cellulose regenerated fibers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cellulose_regenerated_fibers">Cellulose regenerated fibers<span class="anchor" id="Regenerated"></span></h4></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cellulose_fiber" title="Cellulose fiber">Cellulose fibers</a> are a subset of artificial fibers, regenerated from natural <a href="/wiki/Cellulose" title="Cellulose">cellulose</a>. The cellulose comes from various sources: rayon from tree wood fiber, <a href="/wiki/Bamboo_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Bamboo fiber">bamboo fiber</a> from bamboo, seacell from <a href="/wiki/Seaweed" title="Seaweed">seaweed</a>, etc. In the production of these fibers, the cellulose is reduced to a fairly pure form as a viscous mass and formed into fibers by extrusion through spinnerets. Therefore, the manufacturing process leaves few characteristics distinctive of the natural source material in the finished products. </p><p>Some examples of this fiber type are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rayon" title="Rayon">rayon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyocell" title="Lyocell">Lyocell</a>, a brand of rayon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modal_(textile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Modal (textile)">Modal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellulose_diacetate" title="Cellulose diacetate">diacetate fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellulose_triacetate" title="Cellulose triacetate">triacetate fiber</a>.</li></ul> <p>Historically, cellulose diacetate and -triacetate were classified under the term rayon, but are now considered distinct materials. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synthetic_fibers">Synthetic fibers</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_fiber" title="Synthetic fiber">Synthetic fiber</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_fiber" title="Synthetic fiber">Synthetic</a> come entirely from synthetic materials such as <a href="/wiki/Petrochemical" title="Petrochemical">petrochemicals</a>, unlike those artificial fibers derived from such natural substances as cellulose or protein.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fiber classification in reinforced plastics falls into two classes: (i) short fibers, also known as discontinuous fibers, with a general aspect ratio (defined as the ratio of fiber length to diameter) between 20 and 60, and (ii) long fibers, also known as continuous fibers, the general aspect ratio is between 200 and 500.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Metallic_fibers">Metallic fibers</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Metallic_fiber" title="Metallic fiber">Metallic fiber</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Metallic_fiber" title="Metallic fiber">Metallic fibers</a> can be drawn from ductile metals such as copper, gold or silver and extruded or deposited from more brittle ones, such as nickel, aluminum or iron. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Carbon_fiber">Carbon fiber</h4></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Carbon_(fiber)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon (fiber)">Carbon fibers</a> are often based on oxidized and via <a href="/wiki/Pyrolysis" title="Pyrolysis">pyrolysis</a> carbonized polymers like <a href="/wiki/Polyacrylonitrile" title="Polyacrylonitrile">PAN</a>, but the end product is almost pure carbon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Silicon_carbide_fiber">Silicon carbide fiber</h4></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Silicon_carbide" title="Silicon carbide">Silicon carbide</a> fibers, where the basic polymers are not <a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon" title="Hydrocarbon">hydrocarbons</a> but polymers, where about 50% of the carbon atoms are replaced by silicon atoms, so-called poly-carbo-<a href="/wiki/Silane" title="Silane">silanes</a>. The pyrolysis yields an amorphous silicon carbide, including mostly other elements like oxygen, titanium, or aluminium, but with mechanical properties very similar to those of carbon fibers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fiberglass">Fiberglass</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Glass#Fibreglass" title="Glass">Glass § Fibreglass</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Fiberglass" title="Fiberglass">Fiberglass</a>, made from specific glass, and <a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">optical fiber</a>, made from purified natural <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a>, are also artificial fibers that come from natural raw materials, <a href="/wiki/Silica_fiber" title="Silica fiber">silica fiber</a>, made from <a href="/wiki/Sodium_silicate" title="Sodium silicate">sodium silicate</a> (water glass) and <a href="/wiki/Basalt_fiber" title="Basalt fiber">basalt fiber</a> made from melted basalt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mineral_fibers">Mineral fibers</h4></div> <p>Mineral fibers can be particularly strong because they are formed with a low number of surface defects; <a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">asbestos</a> is a common one.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Polymer_fibers">Polymer fibers</h4></div> <ul><li>Polymer fibers are a subset of artificial fibers, which are based on synthetic chemicals (often from <a href="/wiki/Petrochemical" title="Petrochemical">petrochemical</a> sources) rather than arising from natural materials by a purely physical process. These fibers are made from: <ul><li>polyamide <a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">nylon</a></li> <li>PET or PBT <a href="/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">polyester</a></li> <li>phenol-<a href="/wiki/Formaldehyde" title="Formaldehyde">formaldehyde</a> (PF)</li> <li>polyvinyl chloride fiber (PVC) <a href="/wiki/Vinyon" title="Vinyon">vinyon</a></li> <li>polyolefins (PP and PE) <a href="/wiki/Olefin_fiber" title="Olefin fiber">olefin fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acrylic_fiber" title="Acrylic fiber">acrylic</a> polyesters, pure <a href="/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">polyester</a> PAN fibers are used to make <a href="/wiki/Carbon_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon fiber">carbon fiber</a> by roasting them in a low oxygen environment. Traditional acrylic fiber is used more often as a synthetic replacement for wool. Carbon fibers and PF fibers are noted as two resin-based fibers that are not <a href="/wiki/Thermoplastic" title="Thermoplastic">thermoplastic</a>, most others can be melted.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aramid" title="Aramid">aromatic polyamids</a> (aramids) such as <a href="/wiki/Twaron" title="Twaron">Twaron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kevlar" title="Kevlar">Kevlar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nomex" title="Nomex">Nomex</a> thermally degrade at high temperatures and do not melt. These fibers have strong bonding between polymer chains</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyethylene" title="Polyethylene">polyethylene</a> (PE), eventually with extremely long chains / <a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-molecular-weight_polyethylene" title="Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene">HMPE</a> (e.g. Dyneema or Spectra).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elastomer" title="Elastomer">Elastomers</a> can even be used, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Spandex" title="Spandex">spandex</a> although urethane fibers are starting to replace spandex technology.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyurethane" title="Polyurethane">polyurethane</a> fiber</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elastolefin" title="Elastolefin">Elastolefin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coextruded fibers have two distinct polymers forming the fiber, usually as a core-sheath or side by side. Coated fibers exist such as nickel-coated to provide static elimination, silver-coated to provide anti-bacterial properties and aluminum-coated to provide RF deflection for <a href="/wiki/Chaff_(radar_countermeasure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaff (radar countermeasure)">radar chaff</a>. Radar chaff is actually a spool of continuous glass tow that has been aluminum coated. An aircraft-mounted high speed cutter chops it up as it spews from a moving aircraft to confuse radar signals.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Microfibers">Microfibers</h4></div> <p>Invented in Japan in the early 1980s, microfibers are also known as microdenier fibers. Acrylic, nylon, polyester, lyocell and rayon can be produced as microfibers. In 1986, Hoechst A.G. of Germany produced microfiber in Europe. This fiber made it way into the United States in 1990 by DuPont.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Microfiber" title="Microfiber">Microfibers</a> in <a href="/wiki/Textiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Textiles">textiles</a> refer to sub-denier fiber (such as polyester drawn to 0.5 denier). <a href="/wiki/Units_of_textile_measurement#Denier" title="Units of textile measurement">Denier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Units_of_textile_measurement#Tex" title="Units of textile measurement">Dtex</a> are two measurements of fiber yield based on weight and length. If the fiber density is known, you also have a fiber diameter, otherwise it is simpler to measure diameters in micrometers. Microfibers in technical fibers refer to ultra-fine fibers (glass or meltblown <a href="/wiki/Thermoplastics" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermoplastics">thermoplastics</a>) often used in filtration. Newer fiber designs include extruding fiber that splits into multiple finer fibers. Most synthetic fibers are round in cross-section, but special designs can be hollow, oval, star-shaped or <a href="/wiki/Trilobal" title="Trilobal">trilobal</a>. The latter design provides more optically reflective properties. Synthetic textile fibers are often crimped to provide bulk in a woven, non woven or knitted structure. Fiber surfaces can also be dull or bright. Dull surfaces reflect more light while bright tends to transmit light and make the fiber more transparent. </p><p>Very short and/or irregular fibers have been called fibrils. Natural <a href="/wiki/Cellulose" title="Cellulose">cellulose</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a> or bleached <a href="/wiki/Kraft_paper" title="Kraft paper">kraft</a>, show smaller fibrils jutting out and away from the main fiber structure.<sup id="cite_ref-b1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Typical_properties_of_selected_fibers">Typical properties of selected fibers</h2></div> <p>Fibers can be divided into natural and artificial (synthetic) substance, their properties can affect their performance in many applications. Synthetic fiber materials are increasingly replacing other conventional materials like glass and wood in a number of applications.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is because artificial fibers can be engineered chemically, physically, and mechanically to suit particular technical engineering.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In choosing a fiber type, a manufacturer would balance their properties with the technical requirements of the applications. Various fibers are available to select for manufacturing. Here are typical properties of the sample natural fibers as compared to the properties of artificial fibers. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Table 1. Typical Properties of Selected Natural Fibers<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Fiber type</b> </td> <td><b>Fiber Diameter</b> <p><b>(in)</b> </p> </td> <td><b>Specific Gravity</b> </td> <td><b>Tensile Strength</b> <p><b>(Ksi)</b> </p> </td> <td><b>Elastic Modulus</b> <p><b>(Ksi)</b> </p> </td> <td><b>Elongation at Break</b> <p><b>(%)</b> </p> </td> <td><b>Water Absorption</b> <p><b>(%)</b> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wood Fiber <p>(Kraft Pulp) </p> </td> <td>0.001–0.003 </td> <td>1.5 </td> <td>51–290 </td> <td>1500–5800 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>50–75 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Musamba </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>12 </td> <td>130 </td> <td>9.7 </td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">Coconut</a> </td> <td>0.004–0.016 </td> <td>1.12–1.15 </td> <td>17.4–29 </td> <td>2750–3770 </td> <td>10–25 </td> <td>130–180 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sisal" title="Sisal">Sisal</a> </td> <td>0.008–0.016<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1.45<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>40–82.4 </td> <td>1880–3770 </td> <td>3–5 </td> <td>60–70 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sugar Cane <a href="/wiki/Bagasse" title="Bagasse">Bagasse</a> </td> <td>0.008–0.016 </td> <td>1.2–1.3 </td> <td>26.7–42 </td> <td>2175–2750 </td> <td>1.1<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>70–75 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">Bamboo</a> </td> <td>0.002–0.016 </td> <td>1.5 </td> <td>50.8–72.5 </td> <td>4780–5800 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>40–45 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jute" title="Jute">Jute</a> </td> <td>0.004–0.008 </td> <td>1.02–1.04 </td> <td>36.3–50.8 </td> <td>3770–4640 </td> <td>1.5–1.9 </td> <td>28.64<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elephant_grass" title="Elephant grass">Elephant grass</a> </td> <td>0.003–0.016<sup id="cite_ref-:3_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>0.818<sup id="cite_ref-:3_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>25.8 </td> <td>710 </td> <td>3.6 </td> <td>N/Ab </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7">a  Adapted from ACI 544. IR-96 P58, reference [12] P240 and [13] <p>b  N/A means properties not readily available or not applicable </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Table 2. Properties of Selected Artificial Fibers </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Fiber type</b> </td> <td><b>Fiber Diameter</b> <p><b>(0.001 in)</b> </p> </td> <td><b>Specific Gravity</b> </td> <td><b>Tensile Strength (Ksi)</b> </td> <td><b>Elasticity Modulus  </b> <p><b>(Ksi)</b> </p> </td> <td><b>Elongation at Break</b> <p><b>(%)</b> </p> </td> <td><b>Water Absorption</b> <p><b>(%)</b> </p> </td> <td><b>Melting Point</b> <p><b>(°C)</b> </p> </td> <td><b>Maximum Working</b> <p><b>Temp (°C)</b> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">Steel</a> </td> <td>4–40 </td> <td>7.8 </td> <td>70–380 </td> <td>30,000 </td> <td>0.5–3.5 </td> <td>nil </td> <td>1370<sup id="cite_ref-:4_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>760<sup id="cite_ref-:4_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Glass" title="Glass">Glass</a> </td> <td>0.3–0.8 </td> <td>2.5 </td> <td>220–580 </td> <td>10,400–11,600 </td> <td>2–4 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>1300 </td> <td>1000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">Carbon</a> </td> <td>0.3–0.35 </td> <td>0.90 </td> <td>260–380 </td> <td>33,400–55,100 </td> <td>0.5–1.5 </td> <td>nil </td> <td>3652–3697<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">Nylon</a> </td> <td>0.9 </td> <td>1.14 </td> <td>140 </td> <td>750 </td> <td>20–30 </td> <td>2.8–5.0 </td> <td>220–265 </td> <td>199 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Acrylic_fiber" title="Acrylic fiber">Acrylics</a> </td> <td>0.2–0.7 </td> <td>1.14–1.18 </td> <td>39–145 </td> <td>2,500–2,800 </td> <td>20–40 </td> <td>1.0–2.5 </td> <td>Decomp </td> <td>180 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aramid" title="Aramid">Aramid</a> </td> <td>0.4–0.5 </td> <td>1.38–1.45 </td> <td>300–450 </td> <td>9,000–17,000 </td> <td>2–12 </td> <td>1.2–4.3 </td> <td>Decomp </td> <td>450 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">Polyester</a> </td> <td>0.4–3.0 </td> <td>1.38 </td> <td>40–170 </td> <td>2,500 </td> <td>8–30 </td> <td>0.4 </td> <td>260 </td> <td>170 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Polypropylene" title="Polypropylene">Polypropylene</a> </td> <td>0.8–8.0 </td> <td>0.9 </td> <td>65–100 </td> <td>500–750 </td> <td>10–20 </td> <td>nil </td> <td>165 </td> <td>100 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Polyethylene" title="Polyethylene">Polyethylene</a> <p>   Low </p><p>   High </p> </td> <td>1.0-40.0 </td> <td> <p>0.92 </p><p>0.95 </p> </td> <td> <p>11–17 </p><p>50–71 </p> </td> <td>725 </td> <td> <p>25–50 </p><p>20–30 </p> </td> <td> <p>nil </p><p>nil </p> </td> <td> <p>110 </p><p>135 </p> </td> <td> <p>55 </p><p>65 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9">a  Adapted from ACI 544. IR-96 P40, reference [12] P240, [11] P209 and [13] <p>b  N/A means properties not readily available or not applicable </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The tables above just show typical properties of fibers, in fact there are more properties which could be referred as follows (from a to z):<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arc Resistance, <a href="/wiki/Biodegradation" title="Biodegradation">Biodegradable</a>, Coefficient of Linear <a href="/wiki/Thermal_expansion" title="Thermal expansion">Thermal Expansion</a>, Continuous Service Temperature, <a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density of Plastics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ductility" title="Ductility">Ductile</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brittleness" title="Brittleness">Brittle</a> Transition Temperature, Elongation at Break, Elongation at Yield, Fire Resistance, Flexibility, Gamma Radiation Resistance, Gloss, <a href="/wiki/Glass_transition" title="Glass transition">Glass Transition Temperature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hardness" title="Hardness">Hardness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heat_deflection_temperature" title="Heat deflection temperature">Heat Deflection Temperature</a>, Shrinkage, <a href="/wiki/Stiffness" title="Stiffness">Stiffness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ultimate_tensile_strength" title="Ultimate tensile strength">Ultimate tensile strength</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thermal_insulation" title="Thermal insulation">Thermal Insulation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toughness" title="Toughness">Toughness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency" title="Transparency and translucency">Transparency</a>, UV Light Resistance, Volume <a href="/wiki/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity" title="Electrical resistivity and conductivity">Resistivity</a>, Water absorption, <a href="/wiki/Young%27s_modulus" title="Young's modulus">Young's Modulus</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fibers" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Fibers">Fibers</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceramic_matrix_composite" title="Ceramic matrix composite">Ceramic matrix composite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">Dietary fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber_crop" title="Fiber crop">Fiber crop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber_simulation" title="Fiber simulation">Fiber simulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_differential_geometry_and_topology" title="Glossary of differential geometry and topology">Fibers in Differential Geometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molded_pulp" title="Molded pulp">Molded fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axon" title="Axon">Nerve fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">Optical fiber</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanelements.com/carbon-fiber-7440-44-0">"Carbon Fiber – Americans Elements"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carbon+Fiber+%E2%80%93+Americans+Elements&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanelements.com%2Fcarbon-fiber-7440-44-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFiber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fibers284" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#e7dac1"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fibers" title="Template:Fibers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fibers" title="Template talk:Fibers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fibers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fibers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fibers284" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fibers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#e7dac1;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Natural_fiber" title="Natural fiber">Natural</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ecdfc8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fiber_crop" title="Fiber crop">Plant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abac%C3%A1" title="Abacá">Abacá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagasse" title="Bagasse">Bagasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_textile" title="Bamboo textile">Bamboo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_basjoo" title="Musa basjoo">Bashō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coir" title="Coir">Coir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fique" title="Fique">Fique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flax" title="Flax">Flax</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linen" title="Linen">Linen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">Hemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jute" title="Jute">Jute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceiba_pentandra" title="Ceiba pentandra">Kapok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenaf" title="Kenaf">Kenaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_silk" title="Lotus silk">Lotus silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%B1a" title="Piña">Piña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_flannel" title="Vegetable flannel">Pine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raffia_palm" title="Raffia palm">Raffia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramie" title="Ramie">Ramie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rattan" title="Rattan">Rattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisal" title="Sisal">Sisal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_fibre" title="Wood fibre">Wood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ecdfc8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Animal_fiber" title="Animal fiber">Animal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpaca_fiber" title="Alpaca fiber">Alpaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angora_wool" title="Angora wool">Angora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byssus" title="Byssus">Byssus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel_hair" title="Camel hair">Camel hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cashmere_wool" title="Cashmere wool">Cashmere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catgut" title="Catgut">Catgut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiengora" title="Chiengora">Chiengora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanaco#Guanaco_fiber" title="Guanaco">Guanaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair" title="Hair">Hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llama#Fiber" title="Llama">Llama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohair" title="Mohair">Mohair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashmina_(material)" title="Pashmina (material)">Pashmina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiviut" title="Qiviut">Qiviut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_hair" title="Rabbit hair">Rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">Silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tendon" title="Tendon">Tendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider_silk" title="Spider silk">Spider silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">Wool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicu%C3%B1a_wool" title="Vicuña wool">Vicuña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yak_fiber" title="Yak fiber">Yak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ecdfc8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Mineral fiber">Mineral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">Asbestos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#e7dac1;width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Chemical">Synthetic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ecdfc8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regenerated_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Regenerated fiber">Regenerated</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_silk" title="Artificial silk">Artificial silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_fiber" title="Milk fiber">Milk fiber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ecdfc8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Semi-synthetic_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-synthetic fiber">Semi-synthetic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellulose_acetate" title="Cellulose acetate">Acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellulose_diacetate" title="Cellulose diacetate">Diacetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyocell" title="Lyocell">Lyocell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modal_(textile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Modal (textile)">Modal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%B1atex" title="Piñatex">Piñatex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayon" title="Rayon">Rayon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellulose_triacetate" title="Cellulose triacetate">Triacetate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ecdfc8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Mineral fiber">Mineral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glass_fiber" title="Glass fiber">Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_fibers" title="Carbon fibers">Carbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boron_fiber" title="Boron fiber">Boron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basalt_fiber" title="Basalt fiber">Basalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallic_fiber" title="Metallic fiber">Metallic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ecdfc8;width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Polymer_fibers">Polymer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acrylic_fiber" title="Acrylic fiber">Acrylic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aramid" title="Aramid">Aramid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twaron" title="Twaron">Twaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevlar" title="Kevlar">Kevlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technora" title="Technora">Technora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomex" title="Nomex">Nomex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microfiber" title="Microfiber">Microfiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modacrylic" title="Modacrylic">Modacrylic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">Nylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olefin_fiber" title="Olefin fiber">Olefin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">Polyester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyethylene" title="Polyethylene">Polyethylene</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-molecular-weight_polyethylene" title="Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene">UHMWPE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spandex" title="Spandex">Spandex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vectran" title="Vectran">Vectran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinylon" title="Vinylon">Vinylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinyon" title="Vinyon">Vinyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zylon" title="Zylon">Zylon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#e7dac1"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fibers" title="Category:Fibers">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fibers" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Fibers">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Textile_arts205" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Textile_arts" title="Template:Textile arts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Textile_arts" title="Template talk:Textile arts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Textile_arts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Textile arts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Textile_arts205" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Textile_arts" title="Textile arts">Textile arts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fundamentals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beadwork" title="Beadwork">Beadwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braid" title="Braid">Braid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crochet" title="Crochet">Crochet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyeing" title="Dyeing">Dyeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embroidery" title="Embroidery">Embroidery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lace" title="Lace">Lace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macram%C3%A9" title="Macramé">Macramé</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needlework" title="Needlework">Needlework</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile" title="Textile">Fabric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felt" title="Felt">Felting</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knitting" title="Knitting">Knitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Layered_textiles" title="Template:Layered textiles">Layering</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appliqu%C3%A9" title="Appliqué">Appliqué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patchwork" title="Patchwork">Patchwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quilting" title="Quilting">Quilting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A5lebinding" title="Nålebinding">Nålebinding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plying" title="Plying">Plying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">Rope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rug_making" title="Rug making">Rug making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewing" title="Sewing">Sewing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passementerie" title="Passementerie">Passementerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stitch_(textile_arts)" title="Stitch (textile arts)">Stitch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)" title="Spinning (textiles)">Spinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_printing" title="Textile printing">Textile printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarn" title="Yarn">Yarn</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alpackaull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Alpackaull.jpg/110px-Alpackaull.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Alpackaull.jpg/165px-Alpackaull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Alpackaull.jpg/220px-Alpackaull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History of ...</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles" title="History of clothing and textiles">Clothing and textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_quilting" title="History of quilting">Quilting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_silk" title="History of silk">Silk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_silk" title="Byzantine silk">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Silk in the Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_manufacture_during_the_British_Industrial_Revolution" title="Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution">Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_manufacturing_by_pre-industrial_methods" title="Textile manufacturing by pre-industrial methods">Textile manufacturing by pre-industrial methods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology" title="Timeline of clothing and textiles technology">Timeline of clothing and textiles technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional and ethnic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_textiles" title="African textiles">African</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_textiles" title="Kongo textiles">Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuba_textiles" title="Kuba textiles">Kuba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_fibrecraft" title="Australian Aboriginal fibrecraft">Australian Aboriginal</a></li> <li>Burmese <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acheik" title="Acheik">Acheik</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_textile_art" title="Hmong textile art">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_arts_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Textile arts of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous peoples of the Americas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andean_textiles" title="Andean textiles">Andean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_textiles" title="Mapuche textiles">Mapuche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_textiles" title="Maya textiles">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textiles_of_Mexico" title="Textiles of Mexico">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_weaving" title="Navajo weaving">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textiles_of_Oaxaca" title="Textiles of Oaxaca">Oaxacan</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indonesian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_textiles" title="Balinese textiles">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textiles_of_Sumba" title="Textiles of Sumba">Sumba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_fabric_arts" title="Korean fabric arts">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_traditional_textiles" title="Māori traditional textiles">Māori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_(textile_arts)" title="Blocking (textile arts)">Blocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing" title="Clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_textiles" title="Conservation and restoration of textiles">Conservation and restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber_art" title="Fiber art">Fiber art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wearable_art#Wearable_fiber_art" title="Wearable art">wearable fiber art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry" title="Textile industry">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_manufacturing" title="Textile manufacturing">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_and_fiber_arts" title="Mathematics and fiber arts">Mathematics and fiber arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_recycling" title="Textile recycling">Recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Units_of_textile_measurement" title="Units of textile measurement">Units of measurement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Glossaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_dyeing_terms" title="Glossary of dyeing terms">Dyeing terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_sewing_terms" title="Glossary of sewing terms">Sewing terms</a></li> <li><a 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