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<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="bSkK5PtQMm6YHvB1ShMTJFNGLeCxw6xAL30aFlrS55g_MAaPio7qv1fJ-QhCF6RLwnzEudtgFSMEsDhMvfcJkg" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Processes of Religious Individualization: Stocktaking and Issues for the Future" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2015/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Religion" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Martin Fuchs" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/106698768/Processes_of_Religious_Individualization_Stocktaking_and_Issues_for_the_Future" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Processes of Religious Individualization: Stocktaking and Issues for the Future" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The paper spells out implications of a perspective on religious individualization that is both comparative and analytical and discusses the various issues that this line of research has to confront. 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Arguing against notions of modern Western" /> <title>(DOC) Processes of Religious Individualization: Stocktaking and Issues for the Future</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/106698768/Processes_of_Religious_Individualization_Stocktaking_and_Issues_for_the_Future" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'b43592b0df71b338c851f6a859f76daf60b495b9'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1739921960000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1739921960000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"The paper spells out implications of a perspective on religious individualization that is both comparative and analytical and discusses the various issues that this line of research has to confront. Arguing against notions of modern Western exceptionalism, it points to the selectivity of Western forms of (religious) individualization and makes a case for the inclusion of additional forms of articulating individual agency and \u0026amp;quot;selfhood\u0026amp;quot;. The paper takes individualization as an inter-subjective, social phenomenon, and connects it to the concept of social imaginaries. Opposing standard concepts of modernization the paper, nevertheless, brings processuality centre-stage, emphasizing contingency. The paper discusses the possibility of the convergence of contextual developmental trends and the question of transculturality of notions of self and agency. With reference to the dimension of critique included in visions of religious individualization, the paper, finally, points to the effects processes of religious individualization can have on human actors within, and beyond, the realm of spirituality, including the recognition of subjectivities and the strengthening of actors\u0026amp;#39; resilience.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Martin Fuchs","url":"https://uni-erfurt.academia.edu/MartinFuchs"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2023-09-16","dateModified":"2023-09-16","datePublished":"2015-01-01","headline":"Processes of Religious Individualization: Stocktaking and Issues for the Future","identifier":{"@type":"PropertyValue","propertyID":"DOI","value":"10.1080/0048721X.2015.1024035"},"image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105759461/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Social Sciences","Cultural Theory","Modernity","Religious Studies","Transcultural 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window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":106698768,"created_at":"2023-09-16T05:46:09.066-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2024-03-12T22:46:22.422-07:00","_data":{"doi":"10.1080/0048721X.2015.1024035","abstract":"The paper spells out implications of a perspective on religious individualization that is both comparative and analytical and discusses the various issues that this line of research has to confront. Arguing against notions of modern Western exceptionalism, it points to the selectivity of Western forms of (religious) individualization and makes a case for the inclusion of additional forms of articulating individual agency and \"selfhood\". The paper takes individualization as an inter-subjective, social phenomenon, and connects it to the concept of social imaginaries. Opposing standard concepts of modernization the paper, nevertheless, brings processuality centre-stage, emphasizing contingency. The paper discusses the possibility of the convergence of contextual developmental trends and the question of transculturality of notions of self and agency. With reference to the dimension of critique included in visions of religious individualization, the paper, finally, points to the effects processes of religious individualization can have on human actors within, and beyond, the realm of spirituality, including the recognition of subjectivities and the strengthening of actors' resilience.","publication_date":"2015,,","publication_name":"Religion"},"document_type":"other","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Processes of Religious Individualization: Stocktaking and Issues for the Future","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [25911006]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":105759461,"attachmentType":"docx"}"><img alt="First page of “Processes of Religious Individualization: Stocktaking and Issues for the Future”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/105759461/mini_magick20230916-1-v05sc2.png?1694868364" /><img alt="Academia Logo" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/academia_logo.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free DOCX</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Processes of Religious Individualization: Stocktaking and Issues for the Future</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25911006" href="https://uni-erfurt.academia.edu/MartinFuchs"><img alt="Profile image of Martin Fuchs" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Martin Fuchs</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2015, Religion</p><a class="js-loswp-work-card-doi-link ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/0048721X.2015.1024035" rel="nofollow">https://doi.org/10.1080/0048721X.2015.1024035</a><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">17 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 106698768; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The paper spells out implications of a perspective on religious individualization that is both comparative and analytical and discusses the various issues that this line of research has to confront. Arguing against notions of modern Western exceptionalism, it points to the selectivity of Western forms of (religious) individualization and makes a case for the inclusion of additional forms of articulating individual agency and "selfhood". The paper takes individualization as an inter-subjective, social phenomenon, and connects it to the concept of social imaginaries. Opposing standard concepts of modernization the paper, nevertheless, brings processuality centre-stage, emphasizing contingency. The paper discusses the possibility of the convergence of contextual developmental trends and the question of transculturality of notions of self and agency. With reference to the dimension of critique included in visions of religious individualization, the paper, finally, points to the effects processes of religious individualization can have on human actors within, and beyond, the realm of spirituality, including the recognition of subjectivities and the strengthening of actors' resilience.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":105759461,"attachmentType":"docx","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/106698768/Processes_of_Religious_Individualization_Stocktaking_and_Issues_for_the_Future"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":105759461,"attachmentType":"docx","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/106698768/Processes_of_Religious_Individualization_Stocktaking_and_Issues_for_the_Future"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Combining a wide range of disciplinary approaches, methods and theories, the volume assembles over 50 contributions that explore and compare processes of religious individualisation in different religious environments and historical periods, in particular in Asia, the Mediterranean, and Europe from antiquity to the recent past. Contrary to standard theories of modernisation, which tend to regard religious individualisation as a specifically modern or early modern as well as an essentially Western or Christian phenomenon, the chapters reveal processes of religious individualisation in a large variety of non-Western and pre-modern scenarios. Furthermore, the volume challenges prevalent views that regard religions primarily as collective phenomena and provides nuanced perspectives on the appropriation of religious agency, the pluralisation of religious options, dynamics of de-traditionalisation and privatisation, the development of elaborated notions of the self, the facilitation of religious deviance, and on the notion of dividuality.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"2020 - Religious Individualisation: Historical Dimensions and Comparative Perspectives","attachmentId":61591918,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41351262/2020_Religious_Individualisation_Historical_Dimensions_and_Comparative_Perspectives","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/41351262/2020_Religious_Individualisation_Historical_Dimensions_and_Comparative_Perspectives"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="37165116" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37165116/Religious_Individualization">Religious Individualization</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="831918" href="https://conicet.academia.edu/NicolasViotti">Nicolas Viotti</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Religious individualization defined as the sub- jects’ tendency to build their own relationship with the sacred is one of the features used by the social sciences to describe a process that, at least in modern Europe, has been associated with the emergency of Protestantism not only as a strictly religious phenomenon but also as a new cultural device. In recent decades, this kind of analysis continues to be used to account for practices and ways of bonding with the sacred that are relatively new in Latin America, revealing continuities but also novelties in the religious ways of individual- ization. It includes religiosities such as diverse Evangelical Pentecostalism, which is strongly rooted in the popular world, as well as experiences closer to the middle classes such as the self- centered Catholicism and, particularly, the so-called New Age spirituality. In Latin America, religious individualization regimes account for new ways of privacy building that include elements of their own associated with the so-called religious syncretism as well as ways of person building (personhood) in which the relationability principles used for bonding with the sacred are well established in the religious culture of the region.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Religious Individualization","attachmentId":57116229,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37165116/Religious_Individualization","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37165116/Religious_Individualization"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="41404307" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41404307/Religious_Individualisation_Historical_Dimensions_and_Comparative_Perspectives_Edited_by_Volume_1">Religious Individualisation Historical Dimensions and Comparative Perspectives Edited by Volume 1</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5921289" href="https://uni-erfurt.academia.edu/JoergRuepke">Joerg Ruepke</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Religious Individualisation Historical Dimensions and Comparative Perspectives Edited by Volume 1","attachmentId":61591922,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41404307/Religious_Individualisation_Historical_Dimensions_and_Comparative_Perspectives_Edited_by_Volume_1","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/41404307/Religious_Individualisation_Historical_Dimensions_and_Comparative_Perspectives_Edited_by_Volume_1"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="106098004" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/106098004/Religious_individualisation_in_historical_perspective">Religious individualisation in historical perspective</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5921289" href="https://uni-erfurt.academia.edu/JoergRuepke">Joerg Ruepke</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25911006" href="https://uni-erfurt.academia.edu/MartinFuchs">Martin Fuchs</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Religion, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The article introduces a special issue of Religion which proposes a new, historical and comparative engagement with processes of religious individualization. Building on the critique of theories of modernization the proposition is to trace the variety of forms of individualization as found in [the] various world regions at different periods of time. Together with a particular orientation for the study of religion / forms of religiosity this represents a shift in social theorizing. Itwhich puts the experiences and activities of individuals centre-stage and foregrounds situation, context and contingency. Accentuating interactional and micro-social dimensions however does not mean to exclude macro- and long-term perspectives. In the centre of attention are constellations in which the individual personality becomes a central focus of religious activities / a defining feature for at least certain sections of society. In addition, the approach allows to capture paradoxical constellations. , in which iIn order to secure individuality, individualizsation is turnedmade into a norm or even becomes stereotyped. Our approach, as it allows to address such trends that counter and sometimes block and reverse individualizing developments. The special issue of Religion presents examples of a complex research arena that is still evolving. Besides two conceptual papers the special edition covers examples from various phases of Indian and European religious history as well as from the modern period in both regions.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Religious individualisation in historical perspective","attachmentId":105384941,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/106098004/Religious_individualisation_in_historical_perspective","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/106098004/Religious_individualisation_in_historical_perspective"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="41452979" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41452979/Religious_Individualisation_Volume_1">Religious Individualisation Volume 1</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="15836294" href="https://vst.academia.edu/HMaier">Harry O . Maier</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Religious Individualisation Volume 1","attachmentId":61627055,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41452979/Religious_Individualisation_Volume_1","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/41452979/Religious_Individualisation_Volume_1"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="38759485" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38759485/Religious_Individualization_in_Historical_Perspective">Religious Individualization in Historical Perspective</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25911006" href="https://uni-erfurt.academia.edu/MartinFuchs">Martin Fuchs</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5921289" href="https://uni-erfurt.academia.edu/JoergRuepke">Joerg Ruepke</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Religion 45, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The article introduces a special issue of Religion which proposes a new, historical and comparative engagement with processes of religious individualization. Building on the critique of theories of modernization the proposition is to trace the variety of forms of individualization as found in various world regions at different periods of time. Together with a particular orientation for the study of religion this represents a shift in social theorizing. It puts the experiences and activities of individuals centre-stage and foregrounds situation, context and contingency. Accentuating interactional and micro-social dimensions however does not mean to exclude macro-and long-term perspectives. In the centre of attention are constellations in which the individual personality becomes a defining feature for at least certain sections of society. In addition, the approach allows to capture paradoxical constellations. In order to secure individuality, individualization is turned into a norm or even becomes stereotyped. Our approach allows to address such trends that counter and sometimes block and reverse individualizing developments. The special issue of Religion presents examples of a complex research arena that is still evolving. Besides two conceptual papers the special edition covers examples from various phases of Indian and European religious history as well as from the modern period in both regions.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Religious Individualization in Historical Perspective","attachmentId":58847846,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38759485/Religious_Individualization_in_Historical_Perspective","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/38759485/Religious_Individualization_in_Historical_Perspective"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="41404349" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41404349/2020_Introduction_authorities_in_religious_individualisation">2020 - Introduction: authorities in religious individualisation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5921289" href="https://uni-erfurt.academia.edu/JoergRuepke">Joerg Ruepke</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Religious Individualisation Historical Dimensions and Comparative Perspectives vol 2, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This is about the study of individualisation as a social phenomenon, as a phenomenon involving complex processes with different agents and time-lines in varying social contexts.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"2020 - Introduction: authorities in religious individualisation","attachmentId":61591970,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41404349/2020_Introduction_authorities_in_religious_individualisation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/41404349/2020_Introduction_authorities_in_religious_individualisation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="41465438" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41465438/Religious_Individualisation_Historical_Dimensions_and_Comparative_Perspectives">Religious Individualisation Historical Dimensions and Comparative Perspectives</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="80272" href="https://unibo.academia.edu/CristianaFacchini">Cristiana Facchini</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Ed. by Fuchs, Martin / Linkenbach, Antje / Mulsow, Martin / Otto, Bernd-Christian / Parson, Rahul Bjørn / Rüpke, Jörg Berlin De Gruyter 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Religious Individualisation Historical Dimensions and Comparative Perspectives","attachmentId":99673723,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41465438/Religious_Individualisation_Historical_Dimensions_and_Comparative_Perspectives","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/41465438/Religious_Individualisation_Historical_Dimensions_and_Comparative_Perspectives"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="41404317" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41404317/2020_General_Introduction_to_Religious_individualisation_in_historical_and_comparative_perspectives">2020 - General Introduction to Religious individualisation in historical and comparative perspectives</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3061576" href="https://berkeley.academia.edu/RahulParson">Rahul Parson</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="177919" href="https://uni-erlangen.academia.edu/BerndChristianOtto">Bernd-Christian Otto</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5921289" href="https://uni-erfurt.academia.edu/JoergRuepke">Joerg Ruepke</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25911006" href="https://uni-erfurt.academia.edu/MartinFuchs">Martin Fuchs</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Religious Individualisation Historical Dimensions and Comparative Perspectives, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">How should we conceptualise religious individuality and dividuality in a historical and comparative perspective?</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"2020 - General Introduction to Religious individualisation in historical and comparative perspectives","attachmentId":61591938,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41404317/2020_General_Introduction_to_Religious_individualisation_in_historical_and_comparative_perspectives","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/41404317/2020_General_Introduction_to_Religious_individualisation_in_historical_and_comparative_perspectives"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="67315324" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67315324/Secularization_and_the_Rise_of_Individualism">Secularization and the Rise of Individualism</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31299822" href="https://independent.academia.edu/aurelteodorcodoban">aurel teodor codoban</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Contents INTRODUCTION 1. CURRENT THEORIES ON RELIGION 1.1 Approaches to the sacred 1.1. a The explanation of the sacred through non-religious analysis 1.1.b The explanation of the sacred with reference to the religious phenomenon 1.2 The secular religion 1.2.a The à-la-carte religious reference of the individual 1.2.b The individual and the secular religion 2. THE INDIVIDUAL 2.1 Aristotle and the tension between the individual and the community 2.2 Christianity as the origin of the individual 2.3 Modern trajectories of the individual 2.3.a The political trajectory of the individual: the social contract, the citizen and the human rights 2.3.b The theoretical trajectory and the problems of the individual 3. POWER AND COMMUNITY 3.1 The Church and the State 3.1.a The Christian and the natural world 3.1.b Types of relations between the Church and the State 3.1.c Mutual influences between the Church and the State 3.1.d The citizen's options after the separation between the Church and the State 3.2 The social conditioning of religion 3.3 Power and individuality 3.4 The relativity of the available world 4. SECULARIZATION 4.1 Secularization, a discussed and disputed process 4.2 The secularizing effect of Christianity on the other religions 4.3 The secularization caused by the Enlightenment 4.3.a The maturation of thought 4.3.b The emancipation of society 4.4 The contesting of the innovating status of modernity and Nietzsche's nihilism 4.5 The individual as the result of secularization CONCLUSION Index of names Index of terms BIBLIOGRAPHY</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Secularization and the Rise of Individualism","attachmentId":78178331,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/67315324/Secularization_and_the_Rise_of_Individualism","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/67315324/Secularization_and_the_Rise_of_Individualism"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":105759461,"attachmentType":"docx","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":105759461,"attachmentType":"docx","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_105759461" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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