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class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_copyediting" title="Wikipedia:Basic copyediting">copy editing</a> for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You can assist by <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Fast_fashion_in_China" title="Special:EditPage/Fast fashion in China">editing it</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Weeeeee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Weeeeee.jpg/220px-Weeeeee.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Weeeeee.jpg/330px-Weeeeee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Weeeeee.jpg/440px-Weeeeee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="666" /></a><figcaption>Fast fashion brands popular in China.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Fast_fashion" title="Fast fashion">Fast fashion</a> is a term used to represent cheap, trendy clothing that is made to replicate higher end <a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">fashion</a> trends. As of 2019, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> remains the leading producer of fast fashion clothing.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many <a href="/wiki/Sweatshop" title="Sweatshop">sweatshops</a> are located in China, where the workers are underpaid and overworked in unsafe environments. China produces 65% of the world's clothing,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a majority of these clothes being labeled as "fast fashion". The top ten competitors in the fast fashion market make up 29.13% of the whole fashion market in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_fast_fashion_in_China">History of fast fashion in China</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_fashion_in_China&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History of fast fashion in China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Textile_industry_in_China#History" title="Textile industry in China">Textile industry in China § History</a></div> <p>After recent years of tremendous economic growth in China, fast fashion consumption made its way into the lives of not only Chinese people but worldwide as well. Brands such as <a href="/wiki/Shein_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shein (company)">Shein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zara_(retailer)" title="Zara (retailer)">Zara</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%26M" title="H&M">H&M</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uniqlo" title="Uniqlo">Uniqlo</a>, and Zaful have dominated the fashion world. Residents in populated cities such as <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> are starting to favor fast fashion brands over big name brands in order to keep up with fashion trends. </p><p>Fast fashion can contribute significantly to the economy. In 2021, the fashion industry generated $31 billion globally.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> China in specific accounts for 32% of total brand clothing sales in 2017 alone.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rapid consumption lifestyle that China has taken on has contributed to the increase of fast fashion. The use of inexpensive materials and labor contributes to China's ability to maintain high production levels while keeping their economic debt minimal. By producing more fast fashion pieces, the economy benefits.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, rapid production of fashion comes at a cost of perpetuating the climate crisis, such as through marine pollution, cotton cultivation, and increased carbon emissions. </p><p>Fast fashion exists not only because it helps the economy, but because it fulfills a high consumption lifestyle popular in Western countries.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the way in which fast fashion is marketed contributes to its fast consumption. Fast fashion clothing is meant to be worn for the duration of a short-term trend. Once the trend is over, it may be disposed of, and its affordability encourages lack of guilt over its fast consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The amount of clothing that is quickly bought and discarded increases the amount of waste produced, exacerbating its <a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion" title="Environmental impact of fashion">environmental impact</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concept">Concept</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_fashion_in_China&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Concept"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Low wages and labor-intensive operations have historically characterized the garment industry. However, in the past two decades, China's <a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">globalization</a> has led to the proliferation of the fast fashion industry, appealing to developing nations due to its inexpensive labor and lenient regulations.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has resulted in an industry marked by overconsumption and waste. In previous years, <a href="/wiki/Fad" title="Fad">trendy</a> fashion was a luxury and could only be bought at a high cost. But recently, this has changed as developing countries race to produce cheap pieces of clothing to satisfy their foreign investors overseas. Its success lies in its broad appeal to various tastes, attracting many consumers. A key aspect of fast fashion is that it is fast. Fast fashion brands produce their garments quickly so that they are sold to the market as soon as possible.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_companies">Notable companies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_fashion_in_China&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notable companies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shein">Shein</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_fashion_in_China&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Shein"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This paragraph is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Shein" title="Shein">Shein</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shein&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <p><a href="/wiki/Shein" title="Shein">Shein</a> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/8f\/En-us-Shein.oga\/En-us-Shein.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Shein.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/En-us-Shein.oga/En-us-Shein.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Shein.oga" title="File:En-us-Shein.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">SHEE</span>-in</i></a>; styled as SHEIN; <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">希音</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Xīyīn</span></i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Fast_fashion" title="Fast fashion">fast fashion</a> retailer. Founded in <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>, China, in October 2008 as ZZKKO by entrepreneur Chris Xu, Shein grew to become the world's largest fashion retailer as of 2022. The company is currently headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>. </p><p>Known for selling relatively inexpensive apparel, Shein's success has been credited to its popularity among <a href="/wiki/Generation_Z" title="Generation Z">Generation Z</a> consumers.<sup id="cite_ref-Shein_PRS_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shein_PRS-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company was initially compared to a <a href="/wiki/Drop_shipping" title="Drop shipping">drop shipping</a> business, as it was not involved in design and manufacturing, instead sourcing products from the wholesale clothing market in <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shein_:0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shein_:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning in 2012, Shein began to establish its own supply chain system, transforming itself into a fully integrated retailer.<sup id="cite_ref-Shein_:0_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shein_:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company has established its supply chain in Guangzhou with a network of more than 3,000 suppliers as of 2022. However, it has faced controversy due to the reports of Chinese <a href="/wiki/Sweatshop" title="Sweatshop">sweatshops</a> and child labor.<sup id="cite_ref-Shein_:9_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shein_:9-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> In 2022, the company moved its headquarters from China to Singapore for regulatory, international expansion, and financial reasons – while keeping its supply chains and warehouses in China.<sup id="cite_ref-Shein_:13_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shein_:13-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, Shein generated US$24 billion in revenue, a sum almost as large as established retailers <a href="/wiki/Zara_(retailer)" title="Zara (retailer)">Zara</a> and <a href="/wiki/H%26M" title="H&M">H&M</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shein_:9_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shein_:9-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shein was valued at $100 billion after a funding round in April 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Businessweek" title="Bloomberg Businessweek">Bloomberg Businessweek</a></i> and others, Shein's business model has benefitted from the <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China–United States trade war</a>, particularly with regard to tax advantages.<sup id="cite_ref-Shein_:02_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shein_:02-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recent years, Shein has found itself in the middle of trademark disputes, lawsuits involving competitors, <a href="/wiki/Safety_standards" title="Safety standards">product safety</a> concerns, as well as accusations of <a href="/wiki/Tax_evasion" title="Tax evasion">tax evasion</a> and being involved in labor law and <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> violations.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uniqlo">Uniqlo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_fashion_in_China&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Uniqlo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uniqlowee.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Uniqlowee.png/220px-Uniqlowee.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Uniqlowee.png/330px-Uniqlowee.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Uniqlowee.png/440px-Uniqlowee.png 2x" data-file-width="1364" data-file-height="1116" /></a><figcaption>Uniqlo stores in China are concentrated around higher income regions.</figcaption></figure> <p>Uniqlo, a <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Japanese</a> owned brand was founded in 1974 by Tadashi Yanai.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are known for their modern casual apparel and essential, multi-functional garments.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite China's growing anti-Japanese sentiment, this brand has secured 1.4% of China's $350 billion apparel market in 2021 which is larger than any other brand that year.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uniqlo is not only a hit in China but the rest of the world as well with 43 stores in the US alone.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The difference between Uniqlo and most other fast fashion brand is that Uniqlo's garments are well-made while still staying at an affordable price point. </p><p>Many Chinese people associate Japanese goods to the highest caliber of quality. Uniqlo's success story has to do with their timing, Yanai created the brand around when the Chinese middle class was increasing. </p><p>In terms of how ethical and environmentally friendly Uniqlo is, they have not made sufficient progress. As most brands, they have set a climate change target to reduce CO2 emissions. In their 2021 sustainability report, they outline steps to reducing water usage in jeans by 99%, reducing single-use plastic and educating cotton farmers agricultural chemicals.<sup id="cite_ref-uniqlo.com_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uniqlo.com-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, Uniqlo's in Japan increased their use of LED lights leading to a 38.7% decrease of greenhouse gas emissions.<sup id="cite_ref-uniqlo.com_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uniqlo.com-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While these statistics are on the brand's page, these targets are not accepted in the scientific communities as ways to limit global warming.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inditex">Inditex</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_fashion_in_China&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Inditex"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most notable success story is Inditex, which owns companies such as Zara and Bershka. Since opening in 2007-2019 they have opened over 330 stores in China.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But Zara is growing twice as fast as H&M due to their focus on value rather than price.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fast fashion, the term, was coined by the New York Times in the 90's due to Zara's ability to produce a garment from start to finish in less than 20 days.<sup id="cite_ref-imperfectidealist.com_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imperfectidealist.com-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inditex is a large brand with a new worth of $17.2 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With their abundance of wealth, it is expected that this company produces greener. </p><p>Inditex has targets to source fabrics more sustainably by 2025 and to have nothing sent to the landfills by 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-imperfectidealist.com_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imperfectidealist.com-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is not uncommon that brands have recycling progr<sup id="cite_ref-asia.nikkei.com_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asia.nikkei.com-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> am policies implemented but the true test is whether they follow through on them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="H&M_protest"><span id="H.26M_protest"></span>H&M protest</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_fashion_in_China&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: H&M protest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xinjiang, a province in Northwest China is strategically important for China as it is not only the largest region there but also a central hub for trading. While it is one of their poorest communities, it has high economic development.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is important because it has an abundance of natural resources as well as the Silk Road Economic Belt Project. Xinjiang is essential for China's economic growth.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Xinjiang also sources nearly 90% of China's cotton outputting over 5.2 million tonnes.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Xinjiang engages in detrimental human right's violations against the Muslim minority in China.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to this, companies have started to target this region. The United States, for example, has imposed sanction on companies that are sourced from Xinjiang. These companies include H&M, Nike, and Zara.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, H&M has completely cut off Xinjiang from its production chain. </p><p>Celebrities have openly cut off connections with these companies. H&M is facing a huge boycott from Western apparel brands because they have not taken action against the allegations.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Actor Huang Xuan, a brand ambassador for H&M in 2020, told CNN that they would never work with the company due to the recent allegations.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beijing sent out a statement that these allegations are false and that the West is spreading lies.<sup id="cite_ref-asia.nikkei.com_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asia.nikkei.com-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, many H&M shops in China have been forced to close despite their protests to the allegations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="COVID-19">COVID-19</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_fashion_in_China&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: COVID-19"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry</a></div> <p>As with many other industries in their peak, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID</a> put a pause on the textile industry. China implemented a <a href="/wiki/Zero-COVID" title="Zero-COVID">Zero-Covid</a> policy in August 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This reduced the amount of goods that could be shipped into China during a period of time. This policy negatively impacted fashion brands because it slowed down their production and reduced their shipments. But COVID-19 did not stop fast fashion altogether in the future. </p><p>Zara's sales in 2020 made less than half of Shein's sales which is a threat due to Zara's continued popularity.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shein doubled its sales during 2020, with 35% of those sales accounting for Western clients. The reason for Shein's success, even during a pandemic, is due to their incredibly inexpensive clothing. Especially during a time of economic crisis and income shortages, cheap was the way to go. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_impact">Environmental impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_fashion_in_China&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Environmental impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion" title="Environmental impact of fashion">Environmental impact of fashion</a></div> <p>Despite the economic boost that the textile industry is providing, it also contributes negatively to the growing climate crisis. The fashion industry accounts for 10% of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.<sup id="cite_ref-Sumner_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sumner-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recent years, fast fashion has majorly contributed to more plastic entering the ocean, overconsumption of goods, and increasing carbon emissions. In 2018, more than 10 different UN organizations pledged to establish a UN Alliance on Sustainable Fashion.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_usage">Water usage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_fashion_in_China&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Water usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fashion industry is the second most-water intensive industry worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 90 billion cubic meters of water are used every year for the fashion industry.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the clothing pieces made come from cotton and cotton requires more water for production than any other crop.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Water is considered a luxury in some countries and the textile industry, consuming masses amounts of water add to this scarcity. Water usage accounts for 6% of all CO2 emissions in China.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, the fashion industry usage of water negatively impacts our climate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Marine_pollution">Marine pollution</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_fashion_in_China&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Marine pollution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On average, between the years 2000 to 2014, worldwide we have bought 60% more clothes and much of this growth is driven by China's new craving to keep up with cheap new trends.<sup id="cite_ref-mmj1_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mmj1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is not only the consumption of new clothes that drives this marine pollution. Polyester, a common material used in clothing manufacturing, sheds thousands of microfibers each time it is washed leading to a total of 500,000 tons of microfibers, equivalent to 50 billion plastic bottles, dumped into the ocean each year.<sup id="cite_ref-mmj1_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mmj1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is estimated that one load of laundry produces up to 700,000 microfibers and microscopic forms of plastic, though invisible to the naked eye, are not harmless. A large portion of these plastics end up on the ocean floor and do not decompose. They are consumed by fish and other marine species allowing them to enter into the food chain. This not only causes harm to marine life, but also poisons the food that us humans rely on as well. As China enters this new age of extreme consumption, similar to the west, it also enters an age where fast-paced clothing trends increasingly poison our food and pollute our oceans.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cotton_cultivation">Cotton cultivation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_fashion_in_China&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cotton cultivation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To produce 1 kg of cotton, it takes nearly 15,000 liters of water.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since not all cotton is grown in rain-fed areas, it requires additional irrigation which also adds to CO2 emissions on top of water usage. More than 60% of all cotton production comes from irrigated farms.<sup id="cite_ref-Sumner_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sumner-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In places that where cotton is grown in rain-fed areas are also areas that face drought issues. After the piece is made from cotton, it needs to be dyed which takes in a lot of heat, releasing harmful chemicals into surrounding waters and air. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Viscose_production">Viscose production</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_fashion_in_China&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Viscose production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Rayon" title="Rayon">Viscose</a> is marketed as a sustainable alternative to cotton polyester. It is made from trees, so inherently it is not toxic to the environment. But because of the mass amount of viscose needed for the growing fast fashion industry, is manufactured cheaply.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Viscose is mainly manufactured in Southeast Asia with China representing 66% of production in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These manufactures also dump untreated wastewater containing a multitude of chemicals. One major chemical is <a href="/wiki/Carbon_disulfide" title="Carbon disulfide">carbon disulphide</a>, a solvent that is linked to severe medical conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon touch it can burn through skin and cause severe eye damage. This is one of the many chemicals that's dumped in oceans hurting marine life. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Viscos_production.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Viscos_production.png/220px-Viscos_production.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Viscos_production.png/330px-Viscos_production.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Viscos_production.png/440px-Viscos_production.png 2x" data-file-width="882" data-file-height="1002" /></a><figcaption>Viscose production in 2015.</figcaption></figure> <p>The wood pulp that viscose is made out raises high concerns for the environmental committee as dissolving this material wastes 70% of the tree.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This production has been linked to deforestation specifically in the Indonesia rainforests. Deforestation is one of the main contributors of climate change.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pesticides">Pesticides</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_fashion_in_China&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Pesticides"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pesticides pose a major problem to our crops. Cotton is the most pesticides sprayed crop. Due to this heavy amount of chemicals, cotton production needs massive amounts of freshwater to wash it out.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition most cotton that is grown is <a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetically modified">genetically modified</a> to pest which lead to the problem of super-weeds later on. These weeds need to be treated with more pesticides that is harmful to not only humans but livestock as well.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overconsumption">Overconsumption</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_fashion_in_China&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Overconsumption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Global consumption of apparel has risen to around 62 million tonnes per year.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the cheap production of clothes, they are worn only a few times before they are tossed. Nearly 85% of textiles end up in landfills every year.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike clothing that is made sustainably with better materials that can be worn for years and passed down. In order for brands to keep up with current trends and continuing competing in the market, it is vital for them to fulfill consumer's demand. This leads to a constant cycle of overconsumption of goods. Especially in recent years, the time it takes for a trend to go out of style has decreased leading to an increase of clothes being thrown out.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As consumers and producers continue to welcome the era of fast fashion, clothes will be worn less and less times. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Carbon_emission">Carbon emission</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_fashion_in_China&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Carbon emission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_China" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by China">Greenhouse gas emissions by China</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">CO2 emissions</a> are a huge contributor to climate change. China emits 13% of total CO2 emissions globally estimating around 7.7 tons per person.<sup id="cite_ref-Web_Login_Service_-_Stale_Request_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Web_Login_Service_-_Stale_Request-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> China participates in the Paris agreement where nations hope to achieve peak CO2 emissions by 2030 and net-zero emissions before 2060.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On estimation, if China were to continue emitting CO2 levels at the rate it's going, they would use a-lot of the carbon budget by 2050.<sup id="cite_ref-Web_Login_Service_-_Stale_Request_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Web_Login_Service_-_Stale_Request-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fashion industry is responsible for 10% of annual global CO2 emissions. In 2018, the fashion industry was also responsible for 2.1 billion metric tons of GHG emissions. This percentage equates to total amount of GHGs used for the entire economy of France, United Kingdom, and Germany combined.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reason for this ties into the speed at which clothes from fast fashion brands are made. They are made in factories that have little to no safety regulations and push out clothes at an unbelievable pace. </p><p>As seen in the picture to the right, the highest GHG emitter regions also happen to be the richer region such as Beijing and Shanghai. Both these provinces are also the leading fashion hubs in China. Not only that, but Beijing and Shanghai make up almost 50 million people.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That is why these cities emit the highest GHG emitters, due to not only the mass production of clothes but also other products. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_fashion_in_China&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the piece is made, the carbon footprint does not stop there. While not all fast fashion brands produce their clothing in China, to make a piece, the materials can come from all over. This requires the transportation of goods through boat or plane. Transportation accounted for 15-20% of the total percent of emissions each year.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regardless of whether you are buying clothes online or in person, the garment has already set its carbon footprint. Companies can reduce their carbon footprint if they source materials locally instead of sourcing foreign materials. It doesn't have to be multiple different items from multiple different countries, one item is enough to make an impact on the global footprint. Combine that with the actual multitude of different supplies needed from everywhere, the CO2 emissions are expected to rise higher every year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Labor_concerns">Labor concerns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_fashion_in_China&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Labor concerns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Laborer_trafficking">Laborer trafficking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_fashion_in_China&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Laborer trafficking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is not uncommon to know that behind pieces that have the label "made in china" is a production team that are severely overworked. China did not have labor laws until 1994 where workers could only work 44 hours a week with no more than 36 hours of overtime per month.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But these laws are regularly surpassed as many factories in China have shadow factories where workers are paid daily if they work overtime.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These shadow factories are unknown to the government and thus are able to surpass the rules. The Chinese culture for these workers is to work in these conditions for a short amount of time so that they do not have to work later on in life. </p><p>Many factory workers lives end in premature deaths due to their prolonged exposure to not only dangerous chemicals but other health issues that arise with being overworked. In 2008, more than 200 million workers in 16 million companies were exposed to harmful chemicals that led to conditions such as the black lung and silicosis.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But workers are not the only ones exposed to these chemicals, consumers are too. Dermal absorption, a natural body process that allows skin to absorb over 50% of chemicals is a consequence of these products.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The sad fact is that many of the world's largest retailers engaged in forced labor. In Xinjiang, as many as 1 in 5 cotton products are products of human rights violations.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even if the brand is not produced in China, many of these companies still have close ties with Chinese contractors receiving supplies from them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uyghur_forced_labor">Uyghur forced labor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_fashion_in_China&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Uyghur forced labor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">Persecution of Uyghurs in China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_cotton_industry" title="Xinjiang cotton industry">Xinjiang cotton industry</a></div> <p>Uyghurs are predominately Muslim people found in the city of Xinjiang. Xinjiang has imprisoned over 1 million Muslims in re-education camps and the rest are subjected to everyday surveillance on them. Since 2014, Uyghurs have long faced discrimination for their Islamic beliefs. President Xi Jinping has destroyed many of their mosques and ruined neighborhoods that house predominately Uyghur people.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of the world's biggest fast fashion brands are complicit with the human right's violations done on the Uyghur group. Up to 1.8 million Uyghur and other Muslim people are forced into working for sweatshop factories.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since China is the number one producer of cotton, virtually every article of clothing is tainted somewhere with Uyghur people's forced labor. </p><p>The United States stepped up to take action against the unlawful violations happening in Xinjiang. In 2021, President Joe Biden signed into agreement the <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Forced_Labor_Prevention_Act" title="Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act">Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act</a> that ensures products that are produced with forced labor are not allowed to be exported to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although this is a step in the right direction, the Chinese government has found ways around it. The exploitation of Uyghur people by forcing them to work adds to the fashion industry's success. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sustainable_development_goals">Sustainable development goals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_fashion_in_China&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sustainable development goals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2017, the United Nation's member states came together to create 17 SDGs to be achieved by 2030. These include reducing poverty, gender inequality and climate change.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Goal 13 outlines steps for climate action. As the fashion industry uses mass amounts of fossil fuels to produce their garments, in order to reduce the warming of the planet, brands have implemented steps to achieve this SDG. COVID-19 helped reduce greenhouse gasses by 6% in 2020 due to travel bans.<sup id="cite_ref-luxiders.com_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-luxiders.com-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Goal 14 speaks on ways to improve the quality of water. Wastewater treatments are planned to be 65%-90% effective at filtering out microfibers.<sup id="cite_ref-luxiders.com_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-luxiders.com-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It's estimated that the textile industry produces 0.12 million metric tons of microfibers per year.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_fashion_in_China&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry_in_China" title="Textile industry in China">Textile industry in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_clothing" title="Chinese clothing">Chinese clothing</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_fashion_in_China&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.borgenmagazine.com/fast-fashion-in-china/">"Fast Fashion in China: A Humanitarian Issue"</a>. <i>Borgen</i>. 2020-10-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fashion"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fashion_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">Fashion</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Index_of_fashion_articles" title="Index of fashion articles">Index of fashion articles</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion" title="Environmental impact of fashion">Environmental impact of fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_accessory" title="Fashion accessory">Fashion accessory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_design" title="Fashion design">Fashion design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_design_copyright" title="Fashion design copyright">Fashion design copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_matrix" title="Fashion matrix">Fashion matrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_museum" title="Fashion museum">Fashion museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_plate" title="Fashion plate">Fashion plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_tourism" title="Fashion tourism">Fashion tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiotics_of_fashion" title="Semiotics of fashion">Semiotics of fashion</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Valentino_evening_gown_for_Audrey_Hepburn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Valentino_evening_gown_for_Audrey_Hepburn.jpg/75px-Valentino_evening_gown_for_Audrey_Hepburn.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Valentino_evening_gown_for_Audrey_Hepburn.jpg/113px-Valentino_evening_gown_for_Audrey_Hepburn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Valentino_evening_gown_for_Audrey_Hepburn.jpg/150px-Valentino_evening_gown_for_Audrey_Hepburn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="1763" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_fashion_design" title="History of fashion design">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles" title="History of clothing and textiles">History of clothing and textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Western_fashion" title="History of Western fashion">History of Western fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_fashion_design" title="History of fashion design">History of fashion design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology" title="Timeline of clothing and textiles technology">Timeline of clothing and textiles technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_century_in_fashion" title="19th century in fashion">19th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_century_in_fashion" class="mw-redirect" title="21st century in fashion">21st century</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_fashion_events" title="List of fashion events">Events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_show" title="Fashion show">Fashion show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_week" title="Fashion week">Fashion week</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fashion_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Fashion industry">Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fashion_awards" title="Category:Fashion awards">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_industry" title="Clothing industry">Clothing industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designer_clothing" title="Designer clothing">Designer clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_fashion" title="Digital fashion">Digital fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_blog" title="Fashion blog">Fashion blog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_capital" title="Fashion capital">Fashion capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_entrepreneur" title="Fashion entrepreneur">Fashion entrepreneur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_editor" title="Fashion editor">Fashion editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_forecasting" title="Fashion forecasting">Fashion forecasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_illustration" title="Fashion illustration">Fashion illustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_influencer" title="Fashion influencer">Fashion influencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_journalism" title="Fashion journalism">Fashion journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_law" title="Fashion law">Fashion law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_photography" title="Fashion photography">Fashion photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_merchandising" title="Fashion merchandising">Fashion merchandising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_fashion" title="Fast fashion">Fast fashion</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">in China</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_carpet_fashion" title="Red carpet fashion">Red carpet fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_in_the_fashion_industry" title="Social media in the fashion industry">Social media in the fashion industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweatshop" title="Sweatshop">Sweatshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trickle-up_fashion" title="Trickle-up fashion">Trickle-up fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trickle-down_fashion" title="Trickle-down fashion">Trickle-down fashion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional<br />clothing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_dress" title="Ceremonial dress">Ceremonial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_dress" title="Court dress">Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_uniform" title="Diplomatic uniform">Diplomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_dress" title="Academic dress">Academic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_uniform" title="Military uniform">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Full_dress_uniform" title="Full dress uniform">Full</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mess_dress_uniform" title="Mess dress uniform">Mess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_dress_uniform" title="Service dress uniform">Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sailor_suit" title="Sailor suit">Sailor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_uniform" title="Combat uniform">Combat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_costume" title="Folk costume">Folk</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_dress_codes" title="Western dress codes">Western dress codes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formal_wear" title="Formal wear">Formal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morning_dress" title="Morning dress">Morning dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_tie" title="White tie">White tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball_gown" title="Ball gown">Ball gown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-formal_wear" title="Semi-formal wear">Semi-formal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_lounge_suit" title="Black lounge suit">Black lounge suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_tie" title="Black tie">Black tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evening_gown" title="Evening gown">Evening gown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informal_wear" title="Informal wear">Informal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suit" title="Suit">Suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocktail_dress" title="Cocktail dress">Cocktail dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantsuit" title="Pantsuit">Pantsuit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_clothing" title="Religious clothing">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_clothing" title="Christian clothing">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_clothing" title="Jewish religious clothing">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_fashion" title="Islamic fashion">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modest_fashion" title="Modest fashion">Modest fashion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Casual_wear" title="Casual wear">Casual</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Smart_casual" title="Smart casual">Smart casual</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_country_clothing" title="British country clothing">British country clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_casual" title="Business casual">Business casual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chic" title="Chic">Chic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruise_collection" title="Cruise collection">Cruise collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preppy" title="Preppy">Preppy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivy_League_(clothes)" title="Ivy League (clothes)">Ivy League</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_(subculture)" title="Mod (subculture)">Mod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloane_Ranger" title="Sloane Ranger">Sloane Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddy_Boys" title="Teddy Boys">Teddy Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_fogey" title="Young fogey">Young fogey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Street_fashion" class="mw-redirect" title="Street fashion">Street fashion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Streetwear" title="Streetwear">Streetwear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_fashion" title="Hip hop fashion">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippie#Art_and_fashion" title="Hippie">Hippie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipster_(contemporary_subculture)" title="Hipster (contemporary subculture)">Hipster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sportswear" title="Sportswear">Sportswear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athleisure" title="Athleisure">Athleisure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorpcore" title="Gorpcore">Gorpcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)" title="Sportswear (fashion)">Sportswear fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfwear" class="mw-redirect" title="Surfwear">Surfwear</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_fabulous" title="Ghetto fabulous">Ghetto fabulous</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bling-bling" title="Bling-bling">Bling-bling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage_clothing" title="Vintage clothing">Vintage fashion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_fashion" title="Alternative fashion">Alternative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Androgyny_in_fashion" title="Androgyny in fashion">Androgyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemian_style" title="Bohemian style">Bohemian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emo" title="Emo">Emo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fetish_fashion" title="Fetish fashion">Fetish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_fashion" title="Gothic fashion">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolita_fashion" title="Lolita fashion">Lolita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_fashion" title="Queer fashion">Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skinhead" title="Skinhead">Skinhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steampunk_fashion" title="Steampunk fashion">Steampunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrift_store_chic" title="Thrift store chic">Thrift store chic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocker_(subculture)" title="Rocker (subculture)">Rocker</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greaser_(subculture)" title="Greaser (subculture)">Greaser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glam_rock" title="Glam rock">Glam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunge_fashion" title="Grunge fashion">Grunge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_fashion" title="Heavy metal fashion">Heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_fashion" title="Punk fashion">Punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skate_punk" title="Skate punk">Skate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">Rockabilly</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_the_United_States" title="Fashion in the United States">American fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_fashion" title="Canadian fashion">Canadian fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_fashion" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese fashion">Chinese fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Fashion in the Philippines">Filipino fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_fashion" title="French fashion">French fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_fashion" title="German fashion">German fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_India" title="Fashion in India">Indian fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_Iran" title="Fashion in Iran">Iranian fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_fashion" title="Israeli fashion">Israeli fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_fashion" title="Italian fashion">Italian fashion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_fashion" title="History of Italian fashion">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_street_fashion" title="Japanese street fashion">Japanese fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_Nigeria" title="Fashion in Nigeria">Nigerian fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_fashion" title="Russian fashion">Russian fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_South_Korea" title="Fashion in South Korea">South Korean fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_fashion" title="Swedish fashion">Swedish fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Thai_clothing" title="History of Thai clothing">Thai fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing" title="Vietnamese clothing">Vietnamese clothing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fashion_activism" title="Fashion activism">Fashion activism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fashion" title="Anti-fashion">Anti-fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-sweatshop_movement" title="Anti-sweatshop movement">Anti-sweatshop movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_fashion" title="Circular fashion">Circular fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_fashion" title="Sustainable fashion">Sustainable fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_fashion" title="Slow fashion">Slow fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trashion" title="Trashion">Trashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-waste_fashion" title="Zero-waste fashion">Zero-waste fashion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_and_fashion" title="Ballet and fashion">Ballet and fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capsule_wardrobe" title="Capsule wardrobe">Capsule wardrobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinoiserie_in_fashion" title="Chinoiserie in fashion">Chinoiserie in fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dress_code" title="Dress code">Dress code</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Undress_code" title="Undress code">Undress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_victim" title="Fashion victim">Fashion victim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_and_fashion" title="Music and fashion">Music and fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattoo" title="Tattoo">Tattoo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BathingSuit1920s.jpg/32px-BathingSuit1920s.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BathingSuit1920s.jpg/48px-BathingSuit1920s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BathingSuit1920s.jpg/64px-BathingSuit1920s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="490" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Fashion" title="Portal:Fashion">Fashion portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fast_fashion_in_China&oldid=1248480655">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fast_fashion_in_China&oldid=1248480655</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_fashion" title="Category:Chinese fashion">Chinese fashion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fashion_industry" title="Category:Fashion industry">Fashion 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