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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1981 manifesto signed by German academics</div> <p>The <b>Heidelberg Manifesto</b> of 17 June 1981 was signed by 15 German university and college professors to warn about the "infiltration of the German people" and of the "<a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cberfremdung" title="Überfremdung">Überfremdung</a>" (roughly, 'over-foreignisation') of <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German language</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="German Culture">culture</a> and '<a href="/wiki/Volkstum" title="Volkstum">Volkstum</a>' (roughly 'national/ethnic character'). It is widely deemed to have been the first time after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">1945</a> that racism and xenophobia were publicly - albeit controversially - legitimised by academics in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_draft">First draft</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heidelberg_Manifesto&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: First draft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The manifesto's primary initiators were Theodor Schmidt-Kaler (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈteːodoːɐ̯<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈʃmɪtˌkaːlɐ]</a></span>; born 8 June 1930 in Seibelsdorf, <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>), an astronomer and self-taught demographer of <a href="/wiki/Ruhr-Universit%C3%A4t_Bochum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruhr-Universität Bochum">Bochum University</a>, and Helmut Schröcke (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈhɛlmuːt<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈʃʁœkə]</a></span>; born 18 June 1922 in <a href="/wiki/Zwickau" title="Zwickau">Zwickau</a>, Saxony), a mineralogist of <a href="/wiki/Munich_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Munich University">Munich University</a>. Both professors already stated their main theses in advance which were then adopted into the manifesto. In 1980, they wrote: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Today, the term '<a href="/wiki/Volk" title="Volk">Volk</a>' can be defined scientifically: 'Völker' are, cybernetically and biologically, living systems of a higher order with distinct systemic properties that are passed on genetically. This also applies to the non-physical properties which are inherited just like the physical ones (the <a href="/wiki/Milieu" class="mw-redirect" title="Milieu">milieu</a> theory is scientifically wrong)."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Our problem are not the <a href="/wiki/Gastarbeiter" title="Gastarbeiter">guest workers</a> as such but their <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asiatic</a> component. [...] Leaving out the special problem of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">Southern Italy</a>, we can conclude that, according to their fertility, their cultural, sociological and religious context, we can expect the acculturation of the guest worker families coming to us from the European area. [...] None of this applies to the Asiatics."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The original version of the <i>Heidelberg Manifesto</i> was penned by Schröcke on 17 June 1981<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and signed by 15 professors in total. Next to Schmidt-Kaler and Schröcke, the pertaining professors were: Manfred Bambeck (<a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt University">Frankfurt U</a>), Rolf Fricke (<a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe_Institute_of_Technology" title="Karlsruhe Institute of Technology">Karlsruhe IT</a>), Karl Georg Götz (<a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuttgart University">Stuttgart U</a>), Werner Georg Haverbeck (Collegium Humanum), <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Illies" title="Joachim Illies">Joachim Illies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Evolutionary_Biology" title="Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology">MPI of Limnology</a>), Peter Manns (<a href="/wiki/Mainz_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainz University">Mainz U</a>), <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Oberl%C3%A4nder" title="Theodor Oberländer">Theodor Oberländer</a> (retired <a href="/wiki/Federal_Ministry_for_Displaced_Persons,_Refugees_and_War_Victims" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Ministry for Displaced Persons, Refugees and War Victims">Minister of Expellees</a>), Harold Rasch (<a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt University">Frankfurt U</a>), Franz Hieronymus Riedl (from Austria), Heinrich Schade (<a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf University">Düsseldorf U</a>), Kurt Schürmann (<a href="/wiki/Mainz_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainz University">Mainz U</a>), Ferdinand Siebert (Mainz U), and <a href="/wiki/Georg_Stadtm%C3%BCller" title="Georg Stadtmüller">Georg Stadtmüller</a> (<a href="/wiki/Munich_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Munich University">Munich U</a>). </p><p>In this original version (which at first was not planned to be presented to the wider public), there was e.g. this passage: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>With great concern we observe the infiltration of the German people [i.e. Volk] by the influx of many millions of foreigners and their families, the over-foreignisation [i.e. Überfremdung] of our language, our culture and our national character [i.e. Volkstum]. [...] The integration of large masses of non-German foreigners is therefore not compatible with the preservation of our people at the same time, and leads to the well-known ethnic catastrophes of multi-cultural societies. Each people, the German one as well, has a natural right to the preservation of its identity and character in its residential territory. Respect for other peoples mandates their preservation, but not their amalgamation ('Germanisation').</p></blockquote> <p>By the end of 1981, the manifesto's original version was published in three far-right magazines at once: the <i>Deutsche Wochenzeitung</i> [German Weekly Newspaper], <i>Nation & Europa</i>, and <i>Deutschland in Geschichte und Gegenwart</i> [Germany in Past and Present].<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, this version was distributed at the same time as a flyer in several university towns. Thereby, students in Bonn and Munich became aware of this and informed the mainstream media. </p><p>In January 1982, there were some first public reactions because of the extensive coverage. For instance, for the Bavarian <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Liberal Democratic Party of Germany">Liberal Democrats</a>, the manifesto was a "vicious pamphlet and nothing more than a rehash of <a href="/wiki/Nazism_and_race" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazism and race">racist Nazi ideology</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in January 1982, an <i>Schutzbund für das deutsche Volk</i> [Association for the Protection of the German People] (SDV) invited people on behalf of Schmidt-Kaler to a founding and discussion seminar titled (in translation) 'Scientific and Ethical Foundations of the Heidelberg Manifesto of 17 June 1981' which took place on 23 January 1982 in Heidelberg.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Already the manifesto itself had called upon "all organisations, associations and civic initiatives who devote themselves to the preservation of our people, our language, culture and lifestyle to found an umbrella organisation." Schmidt-Kaler proclaimed during the event that he was responsible for the public relations of the SDV.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_draft">Second draft</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heidelberg_Manifesto&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Second draft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After numerous critical reactions from the public, a press statement was given on 31 January 1982 in Mainz and a revised version of the manifesto was presented by Schmidt-Kaler. He stated that it had been necessary to go public on one's own due to a "defamation campaign directed by the <a href="/wiki/Far-left_politics" title="Far-left politics">radical left</a>" and the "attempted infiltration by <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right politics in Germany">far-right</a> elements." </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>By indiscretions, which the signatories cannot be held accountable for, the Heidelberg Manifesto went public in its provisional form which was only designed for winning further signatories." (Schmidt-Kaler<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</p></blockquote> <p>Schmidt-Kaler distanced himself from his colleague Schröcke who became a member in the SDV: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The association <i>Schutzbund für das deutsche Volk</i>, which is being founded, is neither politically nor by its authority able to exercise the duties of the association mentioned in the Heidelberg Manifesto's provisional version. We are not members of this association. The association is not entitled to make any statements or spread any announcements for us or on our behalf.</p></blockquote> <p>The revised and mellowed version of the Manifesto, published 31 January 1982, was not signed by Götz, Oberländer, Riedl, Schade, and Schröcke. Werner Rutz (<a href="/wiki/Ruhr_University_Bochum" title="Ruhr University Bochum">Bochum U</a>) joined as a new signatory. There was now e.g. the following passage: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Respect for other peoples mandates their preservation but not their amalgamation. [...] To infer from this term [Volk] that there may also be peoples [Völker] not worthy of preservation, equals interpreting against the rules of scientific hermeneutics and grossly distorts our cause.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Persistent_Criticism">Persistent Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heidelberg_Manifesto&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Persistent Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The revised draft also created a scandal as it was claimed to contain <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">xenophobic</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_nationalism" title="German nationalism">nationalist</a> passages. Critics accused the authors to argue just as <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Völkisch">völkisch</a>-ly and to adopt the neo-rightist concept of <a href="/wiki/Ethnopluralism" title="Ethnopluralism">ethnopluralism</a> despite their limiting remarks and their distancing from racism and right-wing extremism. Ethnopluralism claims to postulate no intrinsic hierarchy between peoples but regards them as worthy of preservation and threatened by 'amalgamation'. </p><p>During the course of the extensive media coverage, both of the Manifesto's versions were printed verbatim by various newspapers in 1982, as a document of their time.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In reaction to it and as a manifesto for understanding among the nations, 24 other professors of <a href="/wiki/Ruhr_University_Bochum" title="Ruhr University Bochum">Bochum University</a> signed a counter-statement on 16 February 1982. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_development">Further development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heidelberg_Manifesto&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Mainz Set</i> around Schmidt-Kaler was not active anymore during the following years. Schröcke remained committed to the SDV. Up until today, the <i>Schutzbund</i> is viewed as right-wing extremist by the Intelligence Services of several German states.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 1984, the SDV published a pamphlet on behalf of Schröcke, titled <i>Grundgesetzlicher Grundwert - Deutsches Volk</i> [The Basic Law's Basic Value - The German People], in which he appears as "the Heidelberg Manifesto's custodian" and presents his propositions for immigration policy.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of 1984, Schröcke published a brochure on the SDV's "demands regarding immigration policy" in the far-right Grabert publishing house, together with Heinrich Schade and Robert Hepp.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heidelberg_Manifesto&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volk" title="Volk">Volk</a> for an overview of the key concept in <a href="/wiki/German_nationalism" title="German nationalism">German nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_right_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Far right in Germany">German far-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cberfremdung" title="Überfremdung">Überfremdung</a> for the German catchword indicating an excess of immigration</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivers_of_blood" class="mw-redirect" title="Rivers of blood">Rivers of blood</a>, a significant outburst against immigration in post-war Britain</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heidelberg_Manifesto&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSchönwälder1996" class="citation book cs1">Schönwälder, Karen (1996). "Migration, Refugees and Ethnic plurality as issues of public and political debates in (West) Germany". In Cesarani, David; Fulbrook, Mary (eds.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/citizenshipnatio00davi"><i>Citizenship, Nationality and Migration in Europe</i></a></span>. Routledge. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/citizenshipnatio00davi/page/166">166</a>. <q>The Heidelberger Manifest of 1981 demonstrated academic support for racist concepts.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Migration%2C+Refugees+and+Ethnic+plurality+as+issues+of+public+and+political+debates+in+%28West%29+Germany&rft.btitle=Citizenship%2C+Nationality+and+Migration+in+Europe&rft.pages=166&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%B6nw%C3%A4lder&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcitizenshipnatio00davi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeidelberg+Manifesto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchröcke1980" class="citation news cs1">Schröcke, Helmut (22 January 1980). "[letter to the editors]". <i>Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frankfurter+Allgemeine+Zeitung&rft.atitle=%5Bletter+to+the+editors%5D&rft.date=1980-01-22&rft.aulast=Schr%C3%B6cke&rft.aufirst=Helmut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeidelberg+Manifesto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt-Kaler1980" class="citation news cs1">Schmidt-Kaler, Theodor (30 September 1980). "Mit wieviel Fremden die Bundesrepublik leben kann". <i>Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung</i>. p. 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frankfurter+Allgemeine+Zeitung&rft.atitle=Mit+wieviel+Fremden+die+Bundesrepublik+leben+kann&rft.pages=11&rft.date=1980-09-30&rft.aulast=Schmidt-Kaler&rft.aufirst=Theodor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeidelberg+Manifesto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt-Kaler2004" class="citation news cs1">Schmidt-Kaler, Theodor (3 December 2004). "Noch zwei Generationen Zeit". <i>Junge Freiheit</i>. No. 50. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Junge+Freiheit&rft.atitle=Noch+zwei+Generationen+Zeit&rft.issue=50&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2004-12-03&rft.aulast=Schmidt-Kaler&rft.aufirst=Theodor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeidelberg+Manifesto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Heidelberger Manifest". <i>Deutschland in Geschichte und Gegenwart</i>. No. 4. December 1981. p. 31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutschland+in+Geschichte+und+Gegenwart&rft.atitle=Heidelberger+Manifest&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=31&rft.date=1981-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeidelberg+Manifesto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Heidelberger Manifest". <i>Nation & Europa</i>. No. 12. December 1981.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nation+%26+Europa&rft.atitle=Heidelberger+Manifest&rft.issue=12&rft.date=1981-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeidelberg+Manifesto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Heidelberger Manifest". <i>Deutsche Wochenzeitung</i>. No. 6 November 1981.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Wochenzeitung&rft.atitle=Heidelberger+Manifest&rft.issue=6+November+1981&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeidelberg+Manifesto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArens1982" class="citation news cs1">Arens, Roman (22 January 1982). "Schmierfinken im Dienste der Wahrheit?". <i>Frankfurter Rundschau</i>. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frankfurter+Rundschau&rft.atitle=Schmierfinken+im+Dienste+der+Wahrheit%3F&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1982-01-22&rft.aulast=Arens&rft.aufirst=Roman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeidelberg+Manifesto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchutzbund_für_das_deutsche_Volk_(SDV)1982" class="citation book cs1">Schutzbund für das deutsche Volk (SDV) (23 January 1982). <i>[invitation flyer to the first SDV meeting at Heidelberg]</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%5Binvitation+flyer+to+the+first+SDV+meeting+at+Heidelberg%5D&rft.date=1982-01-23&rft.au=Schutzbund+f%C3%BCr+das+deutsche+Volk+%28SDV%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeidelberg+Manifesto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Schutzbund für das deutsche Volk - Deutsche Rassisten sammeln sich". <i>Die Tageszeitung</i>. 25 January 1982. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Die+Tageszeitung&rft.atitle=Schutzbund+f%C3%BCr+das+deutsche+Volk+-+Deutsche+Rassisten+sammeln+sich&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1982-01-25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeidelberg+Manifesto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeneral_Students'_Committee_(AStA)_of_Bonn_University1982" class="citation book cs1">General Students' Committee (AStA) of Bonn University (February 1982). "Presse-Erklärung zum Heidelberger Manifest". <i>Dokumentation zum Heidelberger Manifest</i>. p. 27 f.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Presse-Erkl%C3%A4rung+zum+Heidelberger+Manifest&rft.btitle=Dokumentation+zum+Heidelberger+Manifest&rft.pages=27+f&rft.date=1982-02&rft.au=General+Students%27+Committee+%28AStA%29+of+Bonn+University&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeidelberg+Manifesto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example in the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Rundschau" title="Frankfurter Rundschau">Frankfurter Rundschau</a> of 4 March 1982.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example in the Verfassungsschutzbericht [Report of the Office for the Protection of the Constitution] for Lower Saxony in 2005 (p. 17) or for Bavaria in 2005 (p. 123).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchutzbund_für_das_deutsche_Volk_(SDV)1984" class="citation book cs1">Schutzbund für das deutsche Volk (SDV) (23 February 1984). <i>Grundgesetzlicher Grundwert - Deutsches Volk - Ausländerpolitik</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grundgesetzlicher+Grundwert+-+Deutsches+Volk+-+Ausl%C3%A4nderpolitik&rft.date=1984-02-23&rft.au=Schutzbund+f%C3%BCr+das+deutsche+Volk+%28SDV%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeidelberg+Manifesto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchröcke1984" class="citation book cs1">Schröcke, Helmut (1984). "Volk - Völker - Deutsches Volk". <i>Deutschland - ohne Deutsche</i>. Tübingen: Grabert.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Volk+-+V%C3%B6lker+-+Deutsches+Volk&rft.btitle=Deutschland+-+ohne+Deutsche&rft.place=T%C3%BCbingen&rft.pub=Grabert&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Schr%C3%B6cke&rft.aufirst=Helmut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeidelberg+Manifesto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchutzbund_für_das_deutsche_Volk_(SDV)1984" class="citation book cs1">Schutzbund für das deutsche Volk (SDV) (1984). "Forderungen zur Ausländerpolitik". <i>Deutschland - ohne Deutsche</i>. Tübingen: Grabert.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Forderungen+zur+Ausl%C3%A4nderpolitik&rft.btitle=Deutschland+-+ohne+Deutsche&rft.place=T%C3%BCbingen&rft.pub=Grabert&rft.date=1984&rft.au=Schutzbund+f%C3%BCr+das+deutsche+Volk+%28SDV%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeidelberg+Manifesto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHepp1984" class="citation book cs1">Hepp, Robert (1984). "Das deutsche Volk in der Todesspirale". <i>Deutschland - ohne Deutsche</i>. Tübingen: Grabert.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Das+deutsche+Volk+in+der+Todesspirale&rft.btitle=Deutschland+-+ohne+Deutsche&rft.place=T%C3%BCbingen&rft.pub=Grabert&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Hepp&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeidelberg+Manifesto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchade1984" class="citation book cs1">Schade, Heinrich (1984). "Genosuizid - Volksselbstmord". <i>Deutschland - ohne Deutsche</i>. Tübingen: Grabert.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Genosuizid+-+Volksselbstmord&rft.btitle=Deutschland+-+ohne+Deutsche&rft.place=T%C3%BCbingen&rft.pub=Grabert&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Schade&rft.aufirst=Heinrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeidelberg+Manifesto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heidelberg_Manifesto&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Leuninger" title="Herbert Leuninger">Herbert Leuninger</a>: "Kirche und Heidelberger Manifest" [The Church and the Heidelberg Manifesto] (1983), <i>Zeitschrift für Ausländerrecht und Ausländerpolitik</i> 3, pp. 117–124.</li> <li>Claus Burgkart: "Das 'Heidelberger Manifest', Grundlage staatlicher Ausländerpolitik" [The 'Heidelberg Manifesto', the basis of national immigration policy] (1984). In: Rolf, Meinhardt (ed.): <i>Türken raus? Oder Verteidigt den sozialen Frieden</i>. Hamburg: Rowohlt, pp. 141–161</li> <li>Ingrid Tomkowiak: "Das 'Heidelberger Manifest' und die Volkskunde" [The 'Heidelberg Manifesto' and folklore studies/cultural anthropology] (1996). In: Zeitschrift für Volkskunde 92, pp. 185–207.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heidelberg_Manifesto&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apabiz.de/archiv/material/Profile/Heidelberger%20Kreis.htm">Facsimile</a> of the first version</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:German_far-right" title="Template talk:German far-right"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:German_far-right" title="Special:EditPage/Template:German far-right"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Far-right_politics_in_Germany_(1945–present)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_Germany_(1945%E2%80%93present)" title="Far-right politics in Germany (1945–present)">Far-right politics in Germany (1945–present)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Political parties<br />and groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">Alternative for Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonome_Nationalisten" title="Autonome Nationalisten">Autonome Nationalisten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Fl%C3%BCgel" title="Der Flügel">Der Flügel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freie_Sachsen" title="Freie Sachsen">Free Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_League_for_People_and_Homeland" title="German League for People and Homeland">German League for People and Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identitarian_movement" title="Identitarian movement">Identitarian movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="National Democratic Party of Germany">National Democratic Party of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegida" title="Pegida">Pegida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_III._Path" class="mw-redirect" title="The III. Path">The III. Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_(Germany)" title="The Right (Germany)">The Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Alternative_for_Germany" title="Young Alternative for Germany">Young Alternative for Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junge_Landsmannschaft_Ostdeutschland" title="Junge Landsmannschaft Ostdeutschland">Young Homeland Association of East Germany</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Defunct" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Front_of_National_Socialists/National_Activists" title="Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists">Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awakening_of_German_Patriots_-_Central_Germany" title="Awakening of German Patriots - Central Germany">Awakening of German Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artgemeinschaft" title="Artgemeinschaft">Artgemeinschaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division#Germany_(AWD_Deutschland)" title="Atomwaffen Division">Atomwaffen Division Deutschland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Heidnische_Front" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Heidnische Front">Deutsche Heidnische Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Reichspartei" title="Deutsche Reichspartei">Deutsche Reichspartei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_German_Workers%27_Party" title="Free German Workers' Party">Free German Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Alternative" title="German Alternative">German Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_People%27s_Union" title="German People's Union">German People's Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Right_Party" title="German Right Party">German Right Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Social_Union_(West_Germany)" title="German Social Union (West Germany)">German Social Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gesinnungsgemeinschaft_der_Neuen_Front" title="Gesinnungsgemeinschaft der Neuen Front">Gesinnungsgemeinschaft der Neuen Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Offensive" title="National Offensive">National Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Front_(Germany)" title="Nationalist Front (Germany)">Nationalist Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Reich_Party" title="Socialist Reich Party">Socialist Reich Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkssozialistische_Bewegung_Deutschlands/Partei_der_Arbeit" title="Volkssozialistische Bewegung Deutschlands/Partei der Arbeit">Volkssozialistische Bewegung Deutschlands/Partei der Arbeit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiking-Jugend" title="Wiking-Jugend">Wiking-Jugend</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bela_Ewald_Althans" title="Bela Ewald Althans">Bela Ewald Althans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holger_Apfel" title="Holger Apfel">Holger Apfel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Bittrich" title="Wilhelm Bittrich">Wilhelm Bittrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudrun_Burwitz" title="Gudrun Burwitz">Gudrun Burwitz née Himmler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedhelm_Busse" title="Friedhelm Busse">Friedhelm Busse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Deckert" title="Günter Deckert">Günter Deckert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepp_Dietrich" title="Sepp Dietrich">Sepp Dietrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Franz" title="Frank Franz">Frank Franz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Frey_(politician)" title="Gerhard Frey (politician)">Gerhard Frey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Gille" title="Herbert Gille">Herbert Gille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursula_Haverbeck" title="Ursula Haverbeck">Ursula Haverbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_R%C3%BCdiger_Hess" title="Wolf Rüdiger Hess">Wolf Rüdiger Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Kern" title="Erich Kern">Erich Kern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_K%C3%BChnen" title="Michael Kühnen">Michael Kühnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Kumm" title="Otto Kumm">Otto Kumm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst_Mahler" title="Horst Mahler">Horst Mahler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Meyer" title="Hubert Meyer">Hubert Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Meyer" title="Kurt Meyer">Kurt Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armin_Mohler" title="Armin Mohler">Armin Mohler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Kohlmann" title="Martin Kohlmann">Martin Kohlmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Mussgnug" title="Martin Mussgnug">Martin Mussgnug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Nahrath" class="mw-redirect" title="Raoul Nahrath">Raoul Nahrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_Neubauer" title="Harald Neubauer">Harald Neubauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hausser" title="Paul Hausser">Paul Hausser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Ernst_Remer" title="Otto Ernst Remer">Otto Ernst Remer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Rieger" title="Jürgen Rieger">Jürgen Rieger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Ulrich_Rudel" title="Hans-Ulrich Rudel">Hans-Ulrich Rudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Sch%C3%B6nhuber" title="Franz Schönhuber">Franz Schönhuber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_R%C3%B6ssler" title="Fritz Rössler">Fritz Rössler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_St%C3%A4glich" title="Wilhelm Stäglich">Wilhelm Stäglich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrud_Scholtz-Klink" title="Gertrud Scholtz-Klink">Gertrud Scholtz-Klink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Steiner" title="Felix Steiner">Felix Steiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Strasser" title="Otto Strasser">Otto Strasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Swierczek" title="Michael Swierczek">Michael Swierczek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Thadden" title="Adolf von Thadden">Adolf von Thadden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Thielen" title="Friedrich Thielen">Friedrich Thielen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udo_Voigt" title="Udo Voigt">Udo Voigt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertraud_Winkelvoss" title="Gertraud Winkelvoss">Gertraud Winkelvoss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Worch" title="Christian Worch">Christian Worch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">German law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strafgesetzbuch_section_86a" title="Strafgesetzbuch section 86a"><i>Strafgesetzbuch</i> section 86a</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Volksverhetzung" title="Volksverhetzung">Volksverhetzung</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_far-right_publishers_(post-1945)" title="List of German far-right publishers (post-1945)">Far-right publishers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_far-right_periodicals_(post-1945)" title="List of German far-right periodicals (post-1945)">Far-right periodicals</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Compact_(German_magazine)" title="Compact (German magazine)">Compact</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nation_Europa" title="Nation Europa">Nation Europa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National-Zeitung" title="National-Zeitung">National-Zeitung</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zuerst!" title="Zuerst!">Zuerst!</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Reich" title="Fourth Reich">Fourth Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIAG" title="HIAG">HIAG</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neue_Rechte" title="Neue Rechte">Neue Rechte</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsb%C3%BCrger_movement" title="Reichsbürger movement"><i>Reichsbürger</i> movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-movement" title="Pro-movement">Pro-movement</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stille_Hilfe" title="Stille Hilfe">Stille Hilfe</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasserism" title="Strasserism">Strasserism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cberfremdung" title="Überfremdung">Überfremdung</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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