CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Karl Böhm - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"ecffd9e7-8661-4f63-8704-d900c663a77c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Karl_Böhm","wgTitle":"Karl Böhm","wgCurRevisionId":1241982259,"wgRevisionId":1241982259,"wgArticleId":251380,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages containing links to subscription-only content","CS1 German-language sources (de)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from October 2021","Articles with hCards","Articles containing German-language text","1894 births","1981 deaths","Musicians from Graz","Austrian male conductors (music)","20th-century Austrian conductors (music)","20th-century Austrian male musicians","Austrian opera directors","Grammy Award winners", "Deutsche Grammophon artists","General Directors of the Vienna State Opera","Music directors of the Vienna State Opera","Militant League for German Culture members","Austrian expatriates in Germany","Austrian people of German Bohemian descent","Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany","Recipients of the Grand Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria","Recipients of the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art","Commanders of the Legion of Honour"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Karl_Böhm","wgRelevantArticleId":251380,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{ "pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q84241","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading", "ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints", "ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Karl_B%C3%B6hm_%281894%E2%80%931981%29_~1950_OeNB_653942.jpg/1200px-Karl_B%C3%B6hm_%281894%E2%80%931981%29_~1950_OeNB_653942.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1499"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Karl_B%C3%B6hm_%281894%E2%80%931981%29_~1950_OeNB_653942.jpg/800px-Karl_B%C3%B6hm_%281894%E2%80%931981%29_~1950_OeNB_653942.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="999"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Karl_B%C3%B6hm_%281894%E2%80%931981%29_~1950_OeNB_653942.jpg/640px-Karl_B%C3%B6hm_%281894%E2%80%931981%29_~1950_OeNB_653942.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Karl Böhm - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_B%C3%B6hm&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Karl_Böhm rootpage-Karl_Böhm skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Karl+B%C3%B6hm" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Karl+B%C3%B6hm" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Karl+B%C3%B6hm" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Karl+B%C3%B6hm" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Life_and_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_and_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Life and career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Life_and_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Life and career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Life_and_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Munich,_Darmstadt,_Hamburg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Munich,_Darmstadt,_Hamburg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Munich, Darmstadt, Hamburg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Munich,_Darmstadt,_Hamburg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vienna,_Dresden,_Salzburg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vienna,_Dresden,_Salzburg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Vienna, Dresden, Salzburg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vienna,_Dresden,_Salzburg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>After World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Success_in_New_York" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Success_in_New_York"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Success in New York</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Success_in_New_York-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bayreuth_and_Wagner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bayreuth_and_Wagner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Bayreuth and Wagner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bayreuth_and_Wagner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_summer_in_London" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_summer_in_London"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Indian summer in London</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indian_summer_in_London-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death,_family,_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death,_family,_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Death, family, legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death,_family,_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nazi_sympathies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nazi_sympathies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Nazi sympathies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nazi_sympathies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours_and_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours_and_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Honours and awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours_and_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notes and references subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Karl Böhm</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm" title="Karl Böhm – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Karl Böhm" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm" title="Karl Böhm – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Karl Böhm" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm" title="Karl Böhm – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Karl Böhm" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm" title="Karl Böhm – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Karl Böhm" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm" title="Karl Böhm – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Karl Böhm" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm" title="Karl Böhm – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Karl Böhm" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm" title="Karl Böhm – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Karl Böhm" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm" title="Karl Böhm – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Karl Böhm" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm" title="Karl Böhm – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Karl Böhm" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%85" title="کارل بوم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کارل بوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm" title="Karl Böhm – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Karl Böhm" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%BC_%EB%B5%98" title="카를 뵘 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카를 뵘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%AC_%D4%B2%D5%B5%D5%B8%D5%B4" title="Կառլ Բյոմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կառլ Բյոմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm" title="Karl Böhm – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Karl Böhm" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%94%D7%9D" title="קרל בהם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרל בהם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_B%C3%B6hm" title="Carolus Böhm – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carolus Böhm" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm" title="Karl Böhm – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Karl Böhm" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%85_(%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="كارل بوم (مدير مزيكا من المانيا) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كارل بوم (مدير مزيكا من المانيا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm" title="Karl Böhm – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Karl Böhm" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%99%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0" title="カール・ベーム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カール・ベーム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm" title="Karl Böhm – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Karl Böhm" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm" title="Karl Böhm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Karl Böhm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm" title="Karl Böhm – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Karl Böhm" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm" title="Karl Böhm – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Karl Böhm" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%91%D0%BC,_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB" title="Бём, Карл – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бём, Карл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm" title="Karl Böhm – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Karl Böhm" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm" title="Karl Böhm – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Karl Böhm" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm" title="Karl Böhm – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Karl Böhm" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1" title="คาร์ล เบิม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คาร์ล เบิม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Карл Бем – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Карл Бем" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm" title="Karl Böhm – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Karl Böhm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm" title="Karl Böhm – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Karl Böhm" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E8%B2%9D%E5%A7%86" title="卡爾·貝姆 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡爾·貝姆" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q84241#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Karl_B%C3%B6hm" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_B%C3%B6hm&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_B%C3%B6hm&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_B%C3%B6hm&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_B%C3%B6hm&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Karl_B%C3%B6hm" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Karl_B%C3%B6hm" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_B%C3%B6hm&oldid=1241982259" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_B%C3%B6hm&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Karl_B%C3%B6hm&id=1241982259&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKarl_B%25C3%25B6hm"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKarl_B%25C3%25B6hm"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Karl_B%C3%B6hm&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_B%C3%B6hm&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Karl_B%C3%B6hm" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q84241" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Austrian conductor (1894–1981)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Karl Böhm, see <a href="/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Karl Böhm (disambiguation)">Karl Böhm (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Karl Böhm</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Karl_B%C3%B6hm_(1894%E2%80%931981)_~1950_OeNB_653942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Karl_B%C3%B6hm_%281894%E2%80%931981%29_~1950_OeNB_653942.jpg/220px-Karl_B%C3%B6hm_%281894%E2%80%931981%29_~1950_OeNB_653942.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Karl_B%C3%B6hm_%281894%E2%80%931981%29_~1950_OeNB_653942.jpg/330px-Karl_B%C3%B6hm_%281894%E2%80%931981%29_~1950_OeNB_653942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Karl_B%C3%B6hm_%281894%E2%80%931981%29_~1950_OeNB_653942.jpg/440px-Karl_B%C3%B6hm_%281894%E2%80%931981%29_~1950_OeNB_653942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4385" data-file-height="5478" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Photo from the 1950s</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1894-08-28</span>)</span>28 August 1894<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">14 August 1981<span style="display:none">(1981-08-14)</span> (aged 86)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Conductor</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Karl August Leopold Böhm</b> (28 August 1894 – 14 August 1981) was an <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrian</a> <a href="/wiki/Conducting" title="Conducting">conductor</a>. He was best known for his performances of the music of <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Mozart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_B%C3%B6hm&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_B%C3%B6hm&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Karl Böhm was born in <a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Styria" title="Styria">Styria</a>, Austria. The son of a lawyer, he studied law and earned a doctorate in this subject before entering the music conservatory in his home town of Graz.<sup id="cite_ref-grove_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later enrolled at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Music_and_Performing_Arts_Vienna" title="University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna">Vienna Conservatory</a>, where he studied under <a href="/wiki/Eusebius_Mandyczewski" title="Eusebius Mandyczewski">Eusebius Mandyczewski</a>, a friend of <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brahms" title="Johannes Brahms">Johannes Brahms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-grove_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Munich,_Darmstadt,_Hamburg"><span id="Munich.2C_Darmstadt.2C_Hamburg"></span>Munich, Darmstadt, Hamburg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_B%C3%B6hm&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Munich, Darmstadt, Hamburg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1917, Böhm became a rehearsal assistant in his home town, making his debut as a conductor in <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Nessler" title="Viktor Nessler">Viktor Nessler</a>'s <i>Der Trompeter von Säckingen</i> in 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-grove_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became the assistant director of music in 1919, and the following year, the senior director. On the recommendation of <a href="/wiki/Karl_Muck" title="Karl Muck">Karl Muck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Walter" title="Bruno Walter">Bruno Walter</a> engaged him at the <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_State_Opera" title="Bavarian State Opera">Bavarian State Opera</a>, Munich in 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-times_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An early assignment here was Mozart's <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Entf%C3%BChrung_aus_dem_Serail" title="Die Entführung aus dem Serail">Die Entführung aus dem Serail</a></i>, with a cast which included <a href="/wiki/Maria_Ivog%C3%BCn" title="Maria Ivogün">Maria Ivogün</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Bender_(bass)" title="Paul Bender (bass)">Paul Bender</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Tauber" title="Richard Tauber">Richard Tauber</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1927, Böhm was appointed as chief musical director in <a href="/wiki/Staatstheater_Darmstadt" title="Staatstheater Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a>. In 1931, he was appointed to the same post at the <a href="/wiki/Hamburg_State_Opera" title="Hamburg State Opera">Hamburg State Opera</a>, a position he held until 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-times_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vienna,_Dresden,_Salzburg"><span id="Vienna.2C_Dresden.2C_Salzburg"></span>Vienna, Dresden, Salzburg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_B%C3%B6hm&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Vienna, Dresden, Salzburg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 270px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External audio</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="audio icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nuvola_apps_arts.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_arts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nuvola_apps_arts.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_arts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nuvola_apps_arts.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_arts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> You may hear Karl Böhm conducting <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Ludwig van Beethoven</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Piano_Concerto_No._4_(Beethoven)" title="Piano Concerto No. 4 (Beethoven)">Piano Concerto No. 4 in G major, Op. 58</a> with <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gieseking" title="Walter Gieseking">Walter Gieseking</a> and the Saxon State Orchestra in 1939 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/BEETHOVENPianoConcertoNo.4-Gieseking-NEWTRANSFER/01.I.AllegroModerato.mp3"><b>Here on archive.org</b></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1933, Böhm conducted in Vienna for the first time, in <i><a href="/wiki/Tristan_und_Isolde" title="Tristan und Isolde">Tristan und Isolde</a></i> by Wagner. In 1934, he succeeded <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Busch" title="Fritz Busch">Fritz Busch</a>, who had gone into exile, as head of Dresden's <a href="/wiki/Semper_Opera" class="mw-redirect" title="Semper Opera">Semper Opera</a> remaining there until 1942. This was an important period for him, in which he conducted the first performances of works by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Die_schweigsame_Frau" title="Die schweigsame Frau">Die schweigsame Frau</a></i> (1935) and <i><a href="/wiki/Daphne_(opera)" title="Daphne (opera)">Daphne</a></i> (1938), which is dedicated to him.<sup id="cite_ref-times_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also conducted the first performances of <i>Romeo und Julia</i> (1940) and <i>Die Zauberinsel</i> (1942) by <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Sutermeister" title="Heinrich Sutermeister">Heinrich Sutermeister</a>, and Strauss's <a href="/wiki/Horn_Concerto_No._2_(Strauss)" title="Horn Concerto No. 2 (Strauss)">Horn Concerto No. 2</a> (1943). </p><p>Böhm first appeared at the <a href="/wiki/Salzburg_Festival" title="Salzburg Festival">Salzburg Festival</a> in 1938,<sup id="cite_ref-times_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> conducting <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni">Don Giovanni</a></i>, and thereafter he became a permanent guest conductor. He secured a top post at the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera" title="Vienna State Opera">Vienna State Opera</a> in 1943, eventually becoming music director. On the occasion of the 80th birthday of Richard Strauss, on 11 June 1944, he conducted the Vienna State Opera performance of <i><a href="/wiki/Ariadne_auf_Naxos" title="Ariadne auf Naxos">Ariadne auf Naxos</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_World_War_II">After World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_B%C3%B6hm&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: After World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After he had completed a two-year post-war <a href="/wiki/Denazification" title="Denazification">denazification</a> ban, Böhm led <i>Don Giovanni</i> at <a href="/wiki/Teatro_alla_Scala" class="mw-redirect" title="Teatro alla Scala">La Scala, Milan</a> (1948) and gave a guest performance in Paris with the Vienna State Opera company (1949). From 1950 to 1953 he directed the German season at the <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Col%C3%B3n" title="Teatro Colón">Teatro Colón</a> in <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, and he conducted the first performance in Spanish of <i><a href="/wiki/Wozzeck" title="Wozzeck">Wozzeck</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg">Alban Berg</a>, translated for the occasion. In 1953 he was responsible for the first performance of <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_von_Einem" title="Gottfried von Einem">Gottfried von Einem</a>'s work <i>Der Prozess</i>. From 1954 to 1956 he directed the Vienna State Opera at its reconstructed home. He additionally resumed ties post-war in <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a>, at the Staatskapelle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Success_in_New_York">Success in New York</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_B%C3%B6hm&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Success in New York"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1957, Böhm made his debut with the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera">Metropolitan Opera</a> in New York, conducting <i>Don Giovanni</i>, and quickly became one of the favorite conductors of <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Bing" title="Rudolf Bing">Rudolf Bing</a>'s tenure at the Met, conducting 262 performances there, including the Met premieres of <i>Wozzeck</i>, <i>Ariadne auf Naxos</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Frau_ohne_Schatten" title="Die Frau ohne Schatten">Die Frau ohne Schatten</a></i>, which was the first major success in the Met's new house at <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Center" title="Lincoln Center">Lincoln Center</a> in 1966. Böhm led many other major new productions in New York, including <i><a href="/wiki/Fidelio" title="Fidelio">Fidelio</a></i> for the 1970 <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a> bicentennial, <i><a href="/wiki/Tristan_und_Isolde" title="Tristan und Isolde">Tristan und Isolde</a></i> (including the Met debut performance of <a href="/wiki/Birgit_Nilsson" title="Birgit Nilsson">Birgit Nilsson</a> in 1959), <i><a href="/wiki/Lohengrin_(opera)" title="Lohengrin (opera)">Lohengrin</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Otello" title="Otello">Otello</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Rosenkavalier" title="Der Rosenkavalier">Der Rosenkavalier</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Salome_(opera)" title="Salome (opera)">Salome</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Elektra_(opera)" title="Elektra (opera)">Elektra</a></i>. His repertoire there also included <i><a href="/wiki/Le_nozze_di_Figaro" class="mw-redirect" title="Le nozze di Figaro">Le nozze di Figaro</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Parsifal" title="Parsifal">Parsifal</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Der_fliegende_Holl%C3%A4nder" title="Der fliegende Holländer">Der fliegende Holländer</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Walk%C3%BCre" title="Die Walküre">Die Walküre</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Meistersinger_von_N%C3%BCrnberg" title="Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg">Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bayreuth_and_Wagner">Bayreuth and Wagner</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_B%C3%B6hm&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bayreuth and Wagner"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Böhm made his debut at the <a href="/wiki/Bayreuth_Festival" title="Bayreuth Festival">Bayreuth Festival</a> in 1962 with <i>Tristan and Isolde</i>, which he conducted until 1970. In 1964, he led Wagner's <i>Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg</i> there, and from 1965 to 1967 the composer's <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Ring_des_Nibelungen" title="Der Ring des Nibelungen">Der Ring des Nibelungen</a></i> cycle, which was the last production by <a href="/wiki/Wieland_Wagner" title="Wieland Wagner">Wieland Wagner</a>. His Wagner conducting divided opinion; the recording producer <a href="/wiki/John_Culshaw" title="John Culshaw">John Culshaw</a> wrote that Böhm's 1966 <i>Walküre</i> "was conducted with a stupefying indifference, as if the conductor could not wait to get back to Salzburg or wherever he was going for his next engagement”,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but <i><a href="/wiki/Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians">Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians</a></i> praises Böhm 's Bayreuth performances for "finely display[ing] his qualities".<sup id="cite_ref-grove_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> took a middle view, finding his Wagner "light and positive" but "somewhat reluctant to let the drama find its full weight and depth".<sup id="cite_ref-times_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Performances of the <i>Ring</i> and <i>Tristan</i> were recorded live and issued on record. In 1971 he conducted Wagner's <i>The Flying Dutchman</i> at Bayreuth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indian_summer_in_London">Indian summer in London</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_B%C3%B6hm&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Indian summer in London"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Late in life, he began a guest-conducting relationship with the <a href="/wiki/London_Symphony_Orchestra" title="London Symphony Orchestra">London Symphony Orchestra</a> (LSO) in a 1973 appearance at the Salzburg Festival.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several recordings were made with the orchestra for <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Grammophon" title="Deutsche Grammophon">Deutsche Grammophon</a>. Böhm was given the title of LSO President, which he held until his death. He twice conducted at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Opera_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Opera House">Royal Opera House, Covent Garden</a> in the 1970s: <i><a href="/wiki/Le_nozze_di_Figaro" class="mw-redirect" title="Le nozze di Figaro">Le nozze di Figaro</a></i> in 1977 and <i><a href="/wiki/Cos%C3%AC_fan_tutte" title="Così fan tutte">Così fan tutte</a></i> in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death,_family,_legacy"><span id="Death.2C_family.2C_legacy"></span>Death, family, legacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_B%C3%B6hm&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Death, family, legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Böhm died in <a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a>, at age 86. He conducted the premieres of Strauss's late works <i><a href="/wiki/Die_schweigsame_Frau" title="Die schweigsame Frau">Die schweigsame Frau</a></i> (1935) and <i><a href="/wiki/Daphne_(opera)" title="Daphne (opera)">Daphne</a></i> (1938), of which he is the dedicatee, recorded all the major operas (but often made cuts to the scores), and regularly revived Strauss's operas with strong casts during his tenures in Vienna and Dresden, as well as at the Salzburg Festival. </p><p>Böhm was praised for his rhythmically robust interpretations of the operas and symphonies of <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Mozart</a>, and in the 1960s he was entrusted with recording all the <a href="/wiki/List_of_symphonies_by_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="List of symphonies by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Mozart symphonies</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Philharmonic" title="Berlin Philharmonic">Berlin Philharmonic</a>. His brisk, straightforward approach to <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a> won adherents, as did his readings of the symphonies of <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brahms" title="Johannes Brahms">Brahms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anton_Bruckner" title="Anton Bruckner">Bruckner</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert">Schubert</a>. His complete recordings of the Beethoven symphonies with the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Philharmonic" title="Vienna Philharmonic">Vienna Philharmonic</a> in 1971 was also highly regarded. On a less common front, he championed and recorded <a href="/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg">Alban Berg</a>'s avant-garde operas <i><a href="/wiki/Wozzeck" title="Wozzeck">Wozzeck</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Lulu_(opera)" title="Lulu (opera)">Lulu</a></i> before they gained a foothold in the standard repertory. Böhm mentioned in the notes to his recordings of these works that he and Berg discussed the orchestrations, leading to changes in the score (as he had similarly done, previously, with Richard Strauss). He was described by one critic as one of the greatest conductors of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Grove</i> says of him: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Mozart, Wagner and Richard Strauss are the composers with whom his name is most closely associated, followed by Haydn, Beethoven, Schubert, Bruckner, Brahms and Berg. Böhm’s musical approach, expressed in strictly functional gestures, was direct, fresh, energetic and authoritative, avoiding touches of romantic sentimentality or self-indulgent virtuoso mannerisms ... He was widely admired for his skilful balance and blend of sound, his feeling for a stable tempo and his sense of dramatic tension.<sup id="cite_ref-grove_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>He received two exclusive titles: "<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Ehrendirigent</i></span>" of the Vienna Philharmonic and Austrian "<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Generalmusikdirektor</i></span>".<sup id="cite_ref-grove_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was widely fêted on his 80th birthday ten years later; his colleague <a href="/wiki/Herbert_von_Karajan" title="Herbert von Karajan">Herbert von Karajan</a> presented him with a clock to mark that occasion. </p><p>Böhm was married to the <a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">soprano</a> <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thea_Linhard-B%C3%B6hm" class="extiw" title="de:Thea Linhard-Böhm">Thea Linhard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-times_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His son <a href="/wiki/Karlheinz_B%C3%B6hm" title="Karlheinz Böhm">Karlheinz Böhm</a> was a successful actor.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nazi_sympathies">Nazi sympathies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_B%C3%B6hm&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Nazi sympathies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although Böhm never joined the Nazi party, in public and in private he continually expressed strong support for Hitler and his regime. The extent to which this was a matter of conviction rather than careerism is uncertain and the subject of much speculation. Böhm's son maintained that his father was warned that if he defected from Nazi Germany, every member of his family would be sent to a concentration camp,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but Böhm's support of the Nazis predated their rise to power.<sup id="cite_ref-lebrecht_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lebrecht-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The historian Michael H. Kater records that while Böhm was music director in Dresden (1934–43) he "poured forth rhetoric glorifying the Nazi regime and their cultural aims".<sup id="cite_ref-kater63_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kater63-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kater ranks Böhm in that group of artists in whom "we also find conflicting elements of resistance, accommodation, and service to the regime, so that in the end they cannot be definitively painted as either Nazis or non-Nazis."<sup id="cite_ref-kater63_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kater63-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kater also argues that Böhm's move to the Dresden Opera in 1934, where he replaced <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Busch" title="Fritz Busch">Fritz Busch</a> after the latter's "politically motivated" dismissal by Nazi authorities, as evidence of Böhm's "extreme careerist opportunism at the expense of personal morality" and was facilitated directly by Hitler, who obtained an early release for Böhm from his previous contract.<sup id="cite_ref-kater63_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kater63-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kater contrasts this conduct with Böhm's "aesthetically faultless and sometimes politically daring" choice of repertory, and his collaborations with anti-Nazi directors and designers, which "could have been interpreted by enemies of the Nazi regime as a brave attempt to preserve the principle of artistic freedom".<sup id="cite_ref-kater63_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kater63-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Salzburg_Festival" title="Salzburg Festival">Salzburg Festival</a> announced that it would affix a plaque in its Karl Böhm refreshment lobby (Karl-Böhm-Saal) acknowledging the conductor's complicity with Nazi Germany: "Böhm was a beneficiary of the Third Reich and used its system to advance his career. His ascent was facilitated by the expulsion of Jewish and politically out-of-favor colleagues".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours_and_awards">Honours and awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_B%C3%B6hm&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Honours and awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Böhm's awards include: 1943: <a href="/wiki/War_Merit_Cross" title="War Merit Cross">War Merit Cross</a>, 2nd class without swords (<i>Kriegsverdienstkreuz II. Klasse ohne Schwerter</i>); 1959: <a href="/wiki/Grand_Decoration_of_Honour_in_Silver_for_Services_to_the_Republic_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Decoration of Honour in Silver for Services to the Republic of Austria">Grand Decoration of Honour in Silver for Services to the Republic of Austria</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1960: <a href="/wiki/Grand_Merit_Cross_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Merit Cross of the Federal Republic of Germany">Grand Merit Cross of the Federal Republic of Germany</a> (<i>Großes Verdienstkreuz</i>); 1964: Honorary Ring of Vienna; 1967: <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Art_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin Art Prize">Berlin Art Prize</a>; 1970: <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Cross_of_Honour_for_Science_and_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art">Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1976: Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a>; Honorary Ring of Styria; and 2012: Gramophone Magazine Hall of Fame <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_B%C3%B6hm&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_B%C3%B6hm&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Böhm war ein Profiteur des Dritten Reichs und arrangierte sich für die Karriere mit dem System. Sein Aufstieg wurde durch die Vertreibung jüdischer und politisch missliebiger Kollegen begünstigt".<sup id="cite_ref-salzburg.orf.at_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-salzburg.orf.at-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_B%C3%B6hm&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-grove-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-grove_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brunner, Gerhard, and José A. Bowen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000003414">"Böhm, Karl"</a>, <i>Grove Music Online</i>, Oxford University Press, 2001, retrieved 2 September 2018 <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-times-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-times_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-times_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-times_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-times_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-times_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-times_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Karl Böhm", <i>The Times</i>, 15 August 1981, p. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Karl Böhm, <i>Ich erinnere mich genau</i>, Zurich, 1968.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCulshaw1967" class="citation book cs1">Culshaw, John (1967). <i>Ring Resounding</i>. London: Secker & Warburg. p. 260. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-436-11800-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-436-11800-9"><bdi>0-436-11800-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ring+Resounding&rft.place=London&rft.pages=260&rft.pub=Secker+%26+Warburg&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=0-436-11800-9&rft.aulast=Culshaw&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+B%C3%B6hm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen_Everson2003" class="citation news cs1">Stephen Everson (25 October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arts.guardian.co.uk/features/story/0,,1070457,00.html">"The lovable dictator"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+lovable+dictator&rft.date=2003-10-25&rft.au=Stephen+Everson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farts.guardian.co.uk%2Ffeatures%2Fstory%2F0%2C%2C1070457%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+B%C3%B6hm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rohcollections.org.uk/SearchResults.aspx?searchtype=workprodperf&person=Karl%20Bohm">"Karl Böhm"</a>, Royal Opera House performance database. Retrieved 2 September 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/karl-b%C3%B6hm-mn0000182286/biography">"Karl Böhm – Biography & History – AllMusic"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Karl+B%C3%B6hm+%E2%80%93+Biography+%26+History+%E2%80%93+AllMusic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fkarl-b%25C3%25B6hm-mn0000182286%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+B%C3%B6hm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Emily Langer <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/karlheinz-bohm-actor-in-sissi-trilogy-and-thriller-peeping-tom-dies-at-86/2014/05/30/7edb3bf6-e805-11e3-8f90-73e071f3d637_story.html">"Karlheinz Böhm, actor in “Sissi” trilogy and thriller “Peeping Tom,” dies at 86"</a>, <i>The Washington Post</i>, 31 May 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Duchen" title="Jessica Duchen">Duchen, Jessica</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/salzburg-a-festival-faces-up-to-its-past-480667.html">"Salzburg: A festival faces up to its past"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>, 2 June 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lebrecht-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lebrecht_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLebrecht1991" class="citation book cs1">Lebrecht, Norman (1991). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/maestromythgreat00lebr/page/109"><i>The Maestro Myth: Great conductors in pursuit of power</i></a></span>. Secaucus, New Jersey: Carol Publishing Group. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/maestromythgreat00lebr/page/109">109–110</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55972-108-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-55972-108-1"><bdi>1-55972-108-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Maestro+Myth%3A+Great+conductors+in+pursuit+of+power&rft.place=Secaucus%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pages=109-110&rft.pub=Carol+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=1-55972-108-1&rft.aulast=Lebrecht&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmaestromythgreat00lebr%2Fpage%2F109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+B%C3%B6hm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kater63-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kater63_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kater63_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kater63_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kater63_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKater1997" class="citation book cs1">Kater, Michael H (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XzQp-tZm9oMC&q=%22The+Twisted+Muse:+Musicians+and+Their+Music+in+the+Third+Reich%22&pg=PA65"><i>The Twisted Muse: Musicians and Their Music in the Third Reich</i></a>. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 63–65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-509620-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-509620-7"><bdi>0-19-509620-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Twisted+Muse%3A+Musicians+and+Their+Music+in+the+Third+Reich&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=63-65&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-19-509620-7&rft.aulast=Kater&rft.aufirst=Michael+H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXzQp-tZm9oMC%26q%3D%2522The%2BTwisted%2BMuse%3A%2BMusicians%2Band%2BTheir%2BMusic%2Bin%2Bthe%2BThird%2BReich%2522%26pg%3DPA65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+B%C3%B6hm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-salzburg.orf.at-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-salzburg.orf.at_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Austrian Broadcasting, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://salzburg.orf.at/news/stories/2749666/">"NS-Vergangenheit: Erklärung im Karl-Böhm-Saal"</a>, 28 December 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/XXIV/AB/AB_10542/imfname_251156.pdf">"Reply to a parliamentary question"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in German). p. 58<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reply+to+a+parliamentary+question&rft.pages=58&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parlament.gv.at%2FPAKT%2FVHG%2FXXIV%2FAB%2FAB_10542%2Fimfname_251156.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+B%C3%B6hm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/XXIV/AB/AB_10542/imfname_251156.pdf">"Reply to a parliamentary question"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in German). p. 282<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reply+to+a+parliamentary+question&rft.pages=282&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parlament.gv.at%2FPAKT%2FVHG%2FXXIV%2FAB%2FAB_10542%2Fimfname_251156.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+B%C3%B6hm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gramophone.co.uk/musicians/artist/karl-b%C3%B6hm-61384">"Gramophone Hall of Fame"</a>. <i>www.gramophone.co.uk</i>. Mark Allen Group<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gramophone.co.uk&rft.atitle=Gramophone+Hall+of+Fame&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gramophone.co.uk%2Fmusicians%2Fartist%2Fkarl-b%25C3%25B6hm-61384&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+B%C3%B6hm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_B%C3%B6hm&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Böhm, Karl (1992). <i>A Life Remembered: Memoirs</i>. Translated by John Kehoe. London: Marion Boyars, 1992.</li> <li>Endler, Franz (1981). <i>Karl Böhm: ein Dirigentenleben</i>. Hamburg: Hoffmann und Campe. Foreword by <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3455087701" title="Special:BookSources/3455087701">3455087701</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_B%C3%B6hm&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/q15816">Karl Böhm</a> at <a href="/wiki/AllMusic_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="AllMusic (identifier)">AllMusic</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0127037/">Karl Böhm</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EtW_xYfQdoY&t=2646s">Rehearsing <i>Don Giovanni</i></a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Karl_Böhm" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Karl_Böhm" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Awards for Karl Böhm</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Children&#039;s_Music_Album" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Children%27s_Album" title="Template:Grammy Award for Best Children's Album"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Children%27s_Album" title="Template talk:Grammy Award for Best Children's Album"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Children%27s_Album" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy Award for Best Children's Album"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Children&#039;s_Music_Album" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Children%27s_Music_Album" title="Grammy Award for Best Children's Music Album">Grammy Award for Best Children's Music Album</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1958−1974</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/The_Chipmunk_Song_(Christmas_Don%27t_Be_Late)" title="The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late)">The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late)</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Ross_Bagdasarian" title="Ross Bagdasarian">Ross Bagdasarian Sr.</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Peter_and_the_Wolf" title="Peter and the Wolf">Peter and the Wolf</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ustinov" title="Peter Ustinov">Peter Ustinov</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Let%27s_All_Sing_with_The_Chipmunks" title="Let's All Sing with The Chipmunks">Let's All Sing with The Chipmunks</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Ross_Bagdasarian" title="Ross Bagdasarian">Ross Bagdasarian Sr.</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Peter_and_the_Wolf" title="Peter and the Wolf">Prokofiev: Peter and The Wolf</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Carnival_of_the_Animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnival of the Animals">Saint-Saëns: Carnival of the Animals</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/Young_Person%27s_Guide_to_the_Orchestra" title="Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra">Britten: Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>Bernstein Conducts for Young People</i> – <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Mary_Poppins:_Original_Cast_Soundtrack" title="Mary Poppins: Original Cast Soundtrack">Mary Poppins: Original Cast Soundtrack</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Dick_Van_Dyke" title="Dick Van Dyke">Dick Van Dyke</a> & <a href="/wiki/Julie_Andrews" title="Julie Andrews">Julie Andrews</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Dr._Seuss" title="Dr. Seuss">Dr. Seuss</a> Presents: "Fox in Sox" and "<a href="/wiki/Green_Eggs_and_Ham" title="Green Eggs and Ham">Green Eggs and Ham</a>"</i> – <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Miller_(actor)" title="Marvin Miller (actor)">Marvin Miller</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>Dr. Seuss Presents - "If I Ran the Zoo" and "Sleep Book"</i> – <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Miller_(actor)" title="Marvin Miller (actor)">Marvin Miller</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/How_the_Grinch_Stole_Christmas!_(TV_special)" title="How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (TV special)">Dr. Seuss: How The Grinch Stole Christmas</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Boris_Karloff" title="Boris Karloff">Boris Karloff</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">No Award (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Peter,_Paul_and_Mommy" title="Peter, Paul and Mommy">Peter, Paul and Mommy</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Peter,_Paul_and_Mary" title="Peter, Paul and Mary">Peter, Paul and Mary</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Sesame_Street" title="Sesame Street">Sesame Street</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Joan_Ganz_Cooney" title="Joan Ganz Cooney">Joan Cooney</a> & <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Z._Shepard" title="Thomas Z. Shepard">Thomas Z. Shepard</a> (producers) (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Bill_Cosby_Talks_to_Kids_About_Drugs" title="Bill Cosby Talks to Kids About Drugs">Bill Cosby Talks to Kids About Drugs</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Bill_Cosby" title="Bill Cosby">Bill Cosby</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Electric_Company" title="The Electric Company">The Electric Company</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Bill_Cosby" title="Bill Cosby">Bill Cosby</a> & <a href="/wiki/Rita_Moreno" title="Rita Moreno">Rita Moreno</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Sesame_Street_discography" title="Sesame Street discography">Sesame Street Live!</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Joe_Raposo" title="Joe Raposo">Joe Raposo</a> (producer) (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Winnie_the_Pooh_and_Tigger_Too" title="Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too">Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Winchell" title="Paul Winchell">Paul Winchell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Cabot_(actor)" title="Sebastian Cabot (actor)">Sebastian Cabot</a> & <a href="/wiki/Sterling_Holloway" title="Sterling Holloway">Sterling Holloway</a> (1974)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1975−1992</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i>The Little Prince</i> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton">Richard Burton</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Prokofiev" title="Sergei Prokofiev">Prokofiev</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Peter_and_the_Wolf" title="Peter and the Wolf">Peter and the Wolf</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Camille_Saint-Sa%C3%ABns" title="Camille Saint-Saëns">Saint-Saëns</a>: "<a href="/wiki/Carnival_of_the_Animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnival of the Animals">Carnival of the Animals</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Hermione_Gingold" title="Hermione Gingold">Hermione Gingold</a> & <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Karl Böhm</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Aren%27t_You_Glad_You%27re_You%3F_(album)" title="Aren't You Glad You're You? (album)">Aren't You Glad You're You</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cerf_(producer)" title="Christopher Cerf (producer)">Christopher Cerf</a> & Jim Timmens (producers) (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Muppet_Show_(album)" title="The Muppet Show (album)">The Muppet Show</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Jim_Henson" title="Jim Henson">Jim Henson</a> (producer) (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Muppet_Movie_(soundtrack)" title="The Muppet Movie (soundtrack)">The Muppet Movie</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Jim_Henson" title="Jim Henson">Jim Henson</a> & <a href="/wiki/Paul_Williams_(songwriter)" title="Paul Williams (songwriter)">Paul Williams</a> (producers) (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/In_Harmony_(compilation_albums)" title="In Harmony (compilation albums)">In Harmony: A Sesame Street Record</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/David_Levine" title="David Levine">David Levine</a> & <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Simon" title="Lucy Simon">Lucy Simon</a> (producers) (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Sesame_Street_discography" title="Sesame Street discography">Sesame Country</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Jim_Henson" title="Jim Henson">Jim Henson</a> & Dennis Scott (producers) (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/In_Harmony_(compilation_albums)" title="In Harmony (compilation albums)">In Harmony 2</a></i> – David Levine & <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Simon" title="Lucy Simon">Lucy Simon</a> (producers) (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial_(album)" title="E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (album)">E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a> (producer) (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Where_the_Sidewalk_Ends" title="Where the Sidewalk Ends">Where the Sidewalk Ends</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Shel_Silverstein" title="Shel Silverstein">Shel Silverstein</a> and Ron Haffkine (producer) (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Sesame_Street_Presents:_Follow_That_Bird" title="Sesame Street Presents: Follow That Bird">Sesame Street Presents: Follow That Bird</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Jim_Henson" title="Jim Henson">Jim Henson</a> & <a href="/wiki/Steve_Buckingham_(record_producer)" title="Steve Buckingham (record producer)">Steve Buckingham</a> (producers) (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Sesame_Street_discography" title="Sesame Street discography">The Alphabet</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Jim_Henson" title="Jim Henson">Jim Henson</a>, Geri Van Rees & Kathryn King (producers) (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Just_So_Stories" title="Just So Stories">The Elephant's Child</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Bobby_McFerrin" title="Bobby McFerrin">Bobby McFerrin</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Pecos_Bill" title="Pecos Bill">Pecos Bill</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Robin_Williams" title="Robin Williams">Robin Williams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ry_Cooder" title="Ry Cooder">Ry Cooder</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>The Rock-A-Bye Collection, Volume 1</i> – Tanya Goodman (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Little_Mermaid_(1989_soundtrack)" title="The Little Mermaid (1989 soundtrack)">The Little Mermaid: An Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a> & <a href="/wiki/Howard_Ashman" title="Howard Ashman">Howard Ashman</a> (songwriters) (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>A Cappella Kids</i> – Clifford "Barney" Robertson (producer) (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Beauty_and_the_Beast_(1991_soundtrack)" title="Beauty and the Beast (1991 soundtrack)">Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a> & <a href="/wiki/Howard_Ashman" title="Howard Ashman">Howard Ashman</a> (songwriters) (1992)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2011−present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i>All About Bullies... Big and Small</i> – Gloria Domina, James Cravero, Kevin Mackie, Patrick Robinson & Steve Pullara (producers) (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>Can You Canoe?</i> – The Okee Dokee Brothers (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>Throw a Penny in the Wishing Well</i> – <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Gasoi" title="Jennifer Gasoi">Jennifer Gasoi</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/I_Am_Malala" title="I Am Malala">I Am Malala: How One Girl Stood Up for Education and Changed the World</a></i> – Neela Vaswani (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>Home</i> – <a href="/wiki/Tim_Kubart" title="Tim Kubart">Tim Kubart</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>Infinity Plus One</i> – <a href="/wiki/Secret_Agent_23_Skidoo" title="Secret Agent 23 Skidoo">Secret Agent 23 Skidoo</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Feel_What_U_Feel" title="Feel What U Feel">Feel What U Feel</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Loeb" title="Lisa Loeb">Lisa Loeb</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>All the Sounds</i> – Lucy Kalantari & The Jazz Cats (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>Ageless Songs for the Child Archetype</i> – Jon Samson (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>All the Ladies</i> – <a href="/wiki/Joanie_Leeds" title="Joanie Leeds">Joanie Leeds</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>A Colorful World</i> − <a href="/wiki/Falu" title="Falu">Falu</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>The Movement</i> – Alphabet Rockers (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>We Grow Together Preschool Songs</i> – <a href="/wiki/123_Andr%C3%A9s" title="123 Andrés">123 Andrés</a> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><div>From 1993–2010, the category was split into <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Musical_Album_for_Children" title="Grammy Award for Best Musical Album for Children">Best Musical Album for Children</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Spoken_Word_Album_for_Children" title="Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for Children">Best Spoken Word Album for Children</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gramophone_Hall_of_Fame" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gramophone_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:Gramophone Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gramophone_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:Gramophone Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gramophone_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gramophone Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gramophone_Hall_of_Fame" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gramophone_Hall_of_Fame" title="Gramophone Hall of Fame">Gramophone Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conductors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Abbado" title="Claudio Abbado">Claudio Abbado</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Barbirolli" title="John Barbirolli">John Barbirolli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Barenboim" title="Daniel Barenboim">Daniel Barenboim</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Beecham" title="Thomas Beecham">Thomas Beecham</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Beecham_selected_discography" title="Thomas Beecham selected discography"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/10px-CD_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/15px-CD_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/20px-CD_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Karl Böhm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Boult" title="Adrian Boult">Adrian Boult</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Boult_discography" title="Adrian Boult discography"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/10px-CD_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/15px-CD_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/20px-CD_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Britten" title="Benjamin Britten">Benjamin Britten</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sergiu_Celibidache" title="Sergiu Celibidache">Sergiu Celibidache</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Chailly" title="Riccardo Chailly">Riccardo Chailly</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Colin_Davis" title="Colin Davis">Colin Davis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Dudamel" title="Gustavo Dudamel">Gustavo Dudamel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Furtw%C3%A4ngler" title="Wilhelm Furtwängler">Wilhelm Furtwängler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Eliot_Gardiner" title="John Eliot Gardiner">John Eliot Gardiner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maria_Giulini" title="Carlo Maria Giulini">Carlo Maria Giulini</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Haitink" title="Bernard Haitink">Bernard Haitink</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Haitink_discography" title="Bernard Haitink discography"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/10px-CD_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/15px-CD_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/20px-CD_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Harnoncourt" title="Nikolaus Harnoncourt">Nikolaus Harnoncourt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hogwood" title="Christopher Hogwood">Christopher Hogwood</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mariss_Jansons" title="Mariss Jansons">Mariss Jansons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_von_Karajan" title="Herbert von Karajan">Herbert von Karajan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Kleiber" title="Carlos Kleiber">Carlos Kleiber</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Kleiber_discography" title="Carlos Kleiber discography"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/10px-CD_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/15px-CD_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/20px-CD_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Klemperer" title="Otto Klemperer">Otto Klemperer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Kubel%C3%ADk" title="Rafael Kubelík">Rafael Kubelík</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine">James Levine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Mackerras" title="Charles Mackerras">Charles Mackerras</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neville_Marriner" title="Neville Marriner">Neville Marriner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zubin_Mehta" title="Zubin Mehta">Zubin Mehta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Mravinsky" title="Yevgeny Mravinsky">Yevgeny Mravinsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Muti" title="Riccardo Muti">Riccardo Muti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Ormandy" title="Eugene Ormandy">Eugene Ormandy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Pappano" title="Antonio Pappano">Antonio Pappano</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Pinnock" title="Trevor Pinnock">Trevor Pinnock</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Rattle" title="Simon Rattle">Simon Rattle</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Rattle_discography" title="Simon Rattle discography"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/10px-CD_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/15px-CD_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/20px-CD_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Reiner" title="Fritz Reiner">Fritz Reiner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georg_Solti" title="Georg Solti">Georg Solti</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Georg_Solti_discography" title="Georg Solti discography"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/10px-CD_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/15px-CD_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/20px-CD_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Stokowski" title="Leopold Stokowski">Leopold Stokowski</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Szell" title="George Szell">George Szell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Tilson_Thomas" title="Michael Tilson Thomas">Michael Tilson Thomas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Toscanini" title="Arturo Toscanini">Arturo Toscanini</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Toscanini_discography" title="Arturo Toscanini discography"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/10px-CD_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/15px-CD_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/20px-CD_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Walter" title="Bruno Walter">Bruno Walter</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Singers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Allen_(baritone)" title="Thomas Allen (baritone)">Thomas Allen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Victoria_de_los_%C3%81ngeles" title="Victoria de los Ángeles">Victoria de los Ángeles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Janet_Baker" title="Janet Baker">Janet Baker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Bartoli" title="Cecilia Bartoli">Cecilia Bartoli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jussi_Bj%C3%B6rling" title="Jussi Björling">Jussi Björling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Montserrat_Caball%C3%A9" title="Montserrat Caballé">Montserrat Caballé</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Callas" title="Maria Callas">Maria Callas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Carreras" title="José Carreras">José Carreras</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Caruso" title="Enrico Caruso">Enrico Caruso</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Feodor_Chaliapin" title="Feodor Chaliapin">Feodor Chaliapin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joyce_DiDonato" title="Joyce DiDonato">Joyce DiDonato</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pl%C3%A1cido_Domingo" title="Plácido Domingo">Plácido Domingo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Ferrier" title="Kathleen Ferrier">Kathleen Ferrier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_Fischer-Dieskau" title="Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau">Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kirsten_Flagstad" title="Kirsten Flagstad">Kirsten Flagstad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Fleming" title="Renée Fleming">Renée Fleming</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Angela_Gheorghiu" title="Angela Gheorghiu">Angela Gheorghiu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicolai_Ghiaurov" title="Nicolai Ghiaurov">Nicolai Ghiaurov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tito_Gobbi" title="Tito Gobbi">Tito Gobbi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hampson" title="Thomas Hampson">Thomas Hampson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Horne" title="Marilyn Horne">Marilyn Horne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Hotter" title="Hans Hotter">Hans Hotter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Hvorostovsky" title="Dmitri Hvorostovsky">Dmitri Hvorostovsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gundula_Janowitz" title="Gundula Janowitz">Gundula Janowitz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Kaufmann" title="Jonas Kaufmann">Jonas Kaufmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Keenlyside" title="Simon Keenlyside">Simon Keenlyside</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emma_Kirkby" title="Emma Kirkby">Emma Kirkby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Netrebko" title="Anna Netrebko">Anna Netrebko</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Birgit_Nilsson" title="Birgit Nilsson">Birgit Nilsson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jessye_Norman" title="Jessye Norman">Jessye Norman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Sofie_von_Otter" title="Anne Sofie von Otter">Anne Sofie von Otter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luciano_Pavarotti" title="Luciano Pavarotti">Luciano Pavarotti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leontyne_Price" title="Leontyne Price">Leontyne Price</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Schwarzkopf" title="Elisabeth Schwarzkopf">Elisabeth Schwarzkopf</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joan_Sutherland" title="Joan Sutherland">Joan Sutherland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Renata_Tebaldi" title="Renata Tebaldi">Renata Tebaldi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kiri_Te_Kanawa" title="Kiri Te Kanawa">Kiri Te Kanawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bryn_Terfel" title="Bryn Terfel">Bryn Terfel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Wunderlich" title="Fritz Wunderlich">Fritz Wunderlich</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Keyboardists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leif_Ove_Andsnes" title="Leif Ove Andsnes">Leif Ove Andsnes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martha_Argerich" title="Martha Argerich">Martha Argerich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Arrau" title="Claudio Arrau">Claudio Arrau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Ashkenazy" title="Vladimir Ashkenazy">Vladimir Ashkenazy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Brendel" title="Alfred Brendel">Alfred Brendel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emil_Gilels" title="Emil Gilels">Emil Gilels</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Gould" title="Glenn Gould">Glenn Gould</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Gulda" title="Friedrich Gulda">Friedrich Gulda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marc-Andr%C3%A9_Hamelin" title="Marc-André Hamelin">Marc-André Hamelin</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Marc-Andr%C3%A9_Hamelin_discography" title="Marc-André Hamelin discography"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/10px-CD_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/15px-CD_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/20px-CD_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Angela_Hewitt" title="Angela Hewitt">Angela Hewitt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Horowitz" title="Vladimir Horowitz">Vladimir Horowitz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hough" title="Stephen Hough">Stephen Hough</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Kempff" title="Wilhelm Kempff">Wilhelm Kempff</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Evgeny_Kissin" title="Evgeny Kissin">Evgeny Kissin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Leonhardt" title="Gustav Leonhardt">Gustav Leonhardt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lang_Lang" title="Lang Lang">Lang Lang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dinu_Lipatti" title="Dinu Lipatti">Dinu Lipatti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radu_Lupu" title="Radu Lupu">Radu Lupu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Benedetti_Michelangeli" title="Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli">Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Murray_Perahia" title="Murray Perahia">Murray Perahia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Pollini" title="Maurizio Pollini">Maurizio Pollini</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Rachmaninoff" title="Sergei Rachmaninoff">Sergei Rachmaninoff</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sviatoslav_Richter" title="Sviatoslav Richter">Sviatoslav Richter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rubinstein" title="Arthur Rubinstein">Arthur Rubinstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A1s_Schiff" title="András Schiff">András Schiff</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Artur_Schnabel" title="Artur Schnabel">Artur Schnabel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grigory_Sokolov" title="Grigory Sokolov">Grigory Sokolov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mitsuko_Uchida" title="Mitsuko Uchida">Mitsuko Uchida</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">String/brass/<br />woodwind players</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Andr%C3%A9" title="Maurice André">Maurice André</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Brain" title="Dennis Brain">Dennis Brain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Bream" title="Julian Bream">Julian Bream</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Casals" title="Pablo Casals">Pablo Casals</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kyung_Wha_Chung" title="Kyung Wha Chung">Kyung Wha Chung</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_du_Pr%C3%A9" title="Jacqueline du Pré">Jacqueline du Pré</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Galway" title="James Galway">James Galway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Grumiaux" title="Arthur Grumiaux">Arthur Grumiaux</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jascha_Heifetz" title="Jascha Heifetz">Jascha Heifetz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Holliger" title="Heinz Holliger">Heinz Holliger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Isserlis" title="Steven Isserlis">Steven Isserlis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Kreisler" title="Fritz Kreisler">Fritz Kreisler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gidon_Kremer" title="Gidon Kremer">Gidon Kremer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yo-Yo_Ma" title="Yo-Yo Ma">Yo-Yo Ma</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wynton_Marsalis" title="Wynton Marsalis">Wynton Marsalis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Mayer" title="Albrecht Mayer">Albrecht Mayer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yehudi_Menuhin" title="Yehudi Menuhin">Yehudi Menuhin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Milstein" title="Nathan Milstein">Nathan Milstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anne-Sophie_Mutter" title="Anne-Sophie Mutter">Anne-Sophie Mutter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Oistrakh" title="David Oistrakh">David Oistrakh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Pahud" title="Emmanuel Pahud">Emmanuel Pahud</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Itzhak_Perlman" title="Itzhak Perlman">Itzhak Perlman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Rampal" title="Jean-Pierre Rampal">Jean-Pierre Rampal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mstislav_Rostropovich" title="Mstislav Rostropovich">Mstislav Rostropovich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jordi_Savall" title="Jordi Savall">Jordi Savall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Segovia" title="Andrés Segovia">Andrés Segovia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Williams_(guitarist)" title="John Williams (guitarist)">John Williams</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ensembles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alban_Berg_Quartett" title="Alban Berg Quartett">Alban Berg Quartett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_Quartet" title="Amadeus Quartet">Amadeus Quartet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Beaux_Arts_Trio" title="Beaux Arts Trio">Beaux Arts Trio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_Singers" title="The King's Singers">The King's Singers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tak%C3%A1cs_Quartet" title="Takács Quartet">Takács Quartet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Tallis_Scholars" title="The Tallis Scholars">The Tallis Scholars</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Producers/engineers/<br />record label executives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emile_Berliner" title="Emile Berliner">Emile Berliner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Coutaz" title="Bernard Coutaz">Bernard Coutaz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Culshaw" title="John Culshaw">John Culshaw</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/C._Robert_Fine" class="mw-redirect" title="C. Robert Fine">C. Robert Fine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Gaisberg" title="Fred Gaisberg">Fred Gaisberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Heymann" title="Klaus Heymann">Klaus Heymann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Alain Lanceron</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Legge" title="Walter Legge">Walter Legge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Lewis_(Decca)" title="Edward Lewis (Decca)">Edward Lewis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Goddard_Lieberson" title="Goddard Lieberson">Goddard Lieberson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mohr" title="Richard Mohr">Richard Mohr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Ted Perry</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Wilkinson" title="Kenneth Wilkinson">Kenneth Wilkinson</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Principal_Conductors_of_the_Staatskapelle_Dresden" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dresden_Staatskapelle_conductors" title="Template:Dresden Staatskapelle conductors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dresden_Staatskapelle_conductors" title="Template talk:Dresden Staatskapelle conductors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dresden_Staatskapelle_conductors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dresden Staatskapelle conductors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Principal_Conductors_of_the_Staatskapelle_Dresden" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Staatskapelle_Dresden" title="Staatskapelle Dresden">Principal Conductors of the Staatskapelle Dresden</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Rietz" title="Julius Rietz">Julius Rietz</a> (1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_W%C3%BCllner" title="Franz Wüllner">Franz Wüllner</a> (1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_von_Schuch" title="Ernst von Schuch">Ernst von Schuch</a> (1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Reiner" title="Fritz Reiner">Fritz Reiner</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Busch" title="Fritz Busch">Fritz Busch</a> (1922)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Karl Böhm</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Elmendorff" title="Karl Elmendorff">Karl Elmendorff</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Keilberth" title="Joseph Keilberth">Joseph Keilberth</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Kempe" title="Rudolf Kempe">Rudolf Kempe</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Konwitschny" title="Franz Konwitschny">Franz Konwitschny</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovro_von_Mata%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Lovro von Matačić">Lovro von Matačić</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otmar_Suitner" title="Otmar Suitner">Otmar Suitner</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Sanderling" title="Kurt Sanderling">Kurt Sanderling</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Turnovsk%C3%BD" title="Martin Turnovský">Martin Turnovský</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Blomstedt" title="Herbert Blomstedt">Herbert Blomstedt</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Vonk_(conductor)" title="Hans Vonk (conductor)">Hans Vonk</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Sinopoli" title="Giuseppe Sinopoli">Giuseppe Sinopoli</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Haitink" title="Bernard Haitink">Bernard Haitink</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabio_Luisi" title="Fabio Luisi">Fabio Luisi</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Thielemann" title="Christian Thielemann">Christian Thielemann</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniele_Gatti" title="Daniele Gatti">Daniele Gatti</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vienna_Staatsoper_Directors" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vienna_State_Opera_directors" title="Template:Vienna State Opera directors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vienna_State_Opera_directors" title="Template talk:Vienna State Opera directors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vienna_State_Opera_directors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vienna State Opera directors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vienna_Staatsoper_Directors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera" title="Vienna State Opera">Vienna Staatsoper</a> Directors</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_von_Dingelstedt" title="Franz von Dingelstedt">Franz von Dingelstedt</a> (1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_von_Herbeck" title="Johann von Herbeck">Johann von Herbeck</a> (1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_von_Jauner" title="Franz von Jauner">Franz von Jauner</a> (1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Jahn" title="Wilhelm Jahn">Wilhelm Jahn</a> (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Gustav Mahler</a> (1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Weingartner" title="Felix Weingartner">Felix Weingartner</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Gregor" title="Hans Gregor">Hans Gregor</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a> / <a href="/wiki/Franz_Schalk" title="Franz Schalk">Franz Schalk</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Schalk" title="Franz Schalk">Franz Schalk</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemens_Krauss" title="Clemens Krauss">Clemens Krauss</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Weingartner" title="Felix Weingartner">Felix Weingartner</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Karl_Strohm" title="Heinrich Karl Strohm">Heinrich Karl Strohm</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothar_M%C3%BCthel" title="Lothar Müthel">Lothar Müthel</a> (1941)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Karl Böhm</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Salmhofer" title="Franz Salmhofer">Franz Salmhofer</a> (1945)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Karl Böhm</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_von_Karajan" title="Herbert von Karajan">Herbert von Karajan</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egon_Hilbert" title="Egon Hilbert">Egon Hilbert</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Reif-Gintl" title="Heinrich Reif-Gintl">Heinrich Reif-Gintl</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Gamsj%C3%A4ger" title="Rudolf Gamsjäger">Rudolf Gamsjäger</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egon_Seefehlner" title="Egon Seefehlner">Egon Seefehlner</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorin_Maazel" title="Lorin Maazel">Lorin Maazel</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egon_Seefehlner" title="Egon Seefehlner">Egon Seefehlner</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claus_Helmut_Drese" title="Claus Helmut Drese">Claus Helmut Drese</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eberhard_Waechter" title="Eberhard Waechter">Eberhard Waechter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ioan_Holender" title="Ioan Holender">Ioan Holender</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioan_Holender" title="Ioan Holender">Ioan Holender</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Meyer" title="Dominique Meyer">Dominique Meyer</a> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wien_-_Staatsoper_%281%29.JPG/80px-Wien_-_Staatsoper_%281%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wien_-_Staatsoper_%281%29.JPG/120px-Wien_-_Staatsoper_%281%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wien_-_Staatsoper_%281%29.JPG/160px-Wien_-_Staatsoper_%281%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4016" data-file-height="2680" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84241#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84241#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84241#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108635957">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/2738761">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/71993/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvRQRVTmhGHVcGcKJYQMP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118512528">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81048030">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11891909c">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11891909c">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00433716">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Böhm, Karl <1894-1981>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/UFIV105626">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35909818">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2002153465&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX848212">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068309031">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/3047241">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000107692&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=279681">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/rp369rz93jfkb9f">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810536033505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007259228405171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000206927">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058609741706706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14788651">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02002029?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Karl Böhm"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/cdb34f45-c9d3-4f14-a79a-bc1da62455cc">MusicBrainz</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Karl List"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/03417ebe-2f05-4a8a-ae3b-9a8a741059d5">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bmlo.de/b0725">BMLO</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1141746">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118512528.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118512528">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026727102">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6kd1ww1">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/22231">RISM</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karl_Böhm&oldid=1241982259">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karl_Böhm&oldid=1241982259</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1894_births" title="Category:1894 births">1894 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1981_deaths" title="Category:1981 deaths">1981 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Musicians_from_Graz" title="Category:Musicians from Graz">Musicians from Graz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Austrian_male_conductors_(music)" title="Category:Austrian male conductors (music)">Austrian male conductors (music)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Austrian_conductors_(music)" title="Category:20th-century Austrian conductors (music)">20th-century Austrian conductors (music)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Austrian_male_musicians" title="Category:20th-century Austrian male musicians">20th-century Austrian male musicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Austrian_opera_directors" title="Category:Austrian opera directors">Austrian opera directors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grammy_Award_winners" title="Category:Grammy Award winners">Grammy Award winners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deutsche_Grammophon_artists" title="Category:Deutsche Grammophon artists">Deutsche Grammophon artists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:General_Directors_of_the_Vienna_State_Opera" title="Category:General Directors of the Vienna State Opera">General Directors of the Vienna State Opera</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_directors_of_the_Vienna_State_Opera" title="Category:Music directors of the Vienna State Opera">Music directors of the Vienna State Opera</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Militant_League_for_German_Culture_members" title="Category:Militant League for German Culture members">Militant League for German Culture members</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Austrian_expatriates_in_Germany" title="Category:Austrian expatriates in Germany">Austrian expatriates in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Austrian_people_of_German_Bohemian_descent" title="Category:Austrian people of German Bohemian descent">Austrian people of German Bohemian descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commanders_Crosses_of_the_Order_of_Merit_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Category:Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany">Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Grand_Decoration_for_Services_to_the_Republic_of_Austria" title="Category:Recipients of the Grand Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria">Recipients of the Grand Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Austrian_Cross_of_Honour_for_Science_and_Art" title="Category:Recipients of the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art">Recipients of the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commanders_of_the_Legion_of_Honour" title="Category:Commanders of the Legion of Honour">Commanders of the Legion of Honour</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_containing_links_to_subscription-only_content" title="Category:Pages containing links to subscription-only content">Pages containing links to subscription-only content</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from October 2021">Use dmy dates from October 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 August 2024, at 09:21<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karl_B%C3%B6hm&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-gxw57","wgBackendResponseTime":169,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.924","walltime":"1.181","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4513,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":145630,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":42237,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":82068,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 984.262 1 -total"," 20.02% 197.091 1 Template:Infobox_person"," 17.88% 176.001 2 Template:Reflist"," 14.94% 147.053 2 Template:Lang"," 13.05% 128.415 1 Template:Navboxes"," 11.90% 117.165 4 Template:Navbox"," 11.45% 112.675 3 Template:Cite_book"," 10.90% 107.263 1 Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Children's_Album"," 10.07% 99.105 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.20% 80.687 4 Template:Br_separated_entries"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.553","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21697847,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-bgqhr","timestamp":"20241122162514","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Karl B\u00f6hm","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karl_B%C3%B6hm","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q84241","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q84241","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-06-23T01:17:42Z","dateModified":"2024-08-24T09:21:50Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/4e\/Karl_B%C3%B6hm_%281894%E2%80%931981%29_~1950_OeNB_653942.jpg","headline":"Austrian conductor (1894-1981)"}</script> </body> </html>