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id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_Korean" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_Korean"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Traditional Korean</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_Korean-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_Japanese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_Japanese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Traditional Japanese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_Japanese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hungary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hungary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Hungary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hungary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Federations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown 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id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquer_a_cavall" title="Arquer a cavall – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arquer a cavall" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%ADzdn%C3%AD_lu%C4%8Di%C5%A1tn%C3%ADk" title="Jízdní lučištník – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jízdní lučištník" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berittenes_Bogenschie%C3%9Fen" title="Berittenes Bogenschießen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Berittenes Bogenschießen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquero_a_caballo" title="Arquero a caballo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arquero a caballo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="سوار کماندار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سوار کماندار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archerie_mont%C3%A9e" title="Archerie montée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Archerie montée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B6%81%EA%B8%B0%EB%B3%91" title="궁기병 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="궁기병" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemanah_berkuda" title="Pemanah berkuda – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemanah berkuda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arciere_a_cavallo" title="Arciere a cavallo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arciere a cavallo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%AA_%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%91" title="קשת רכוב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קשת רכוב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raitieji_lankininkai" title="Raitieji lankininkai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Raitieji lankininkai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovas%C3%ADj%C3%A1szat" title="Lovasíjászat – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lovasíjászat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemanah_berkuda" title="Pemanah berkuda – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pemanah berkuda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A8%8E%E5%B0%84" title="騎射 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="騎射" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arqueria_montada" title="Arqueria montada – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Arqueria montada" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arca%C8%99_c%C4%83lare" title="Arcaș călare – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Arcaș călare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Конные лучники – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Конные лучники" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beridet_b%C3%A5gskytte" title="Beridet bågskytte – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Beridet bågskytte" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8F%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88" title="ஏற்ற வில்வித்தை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஏற்ற வில்வித்தை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atl%C4%B1_ok%C3%A7uluk" title="Atlı okçuluk – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Atlı okçuluk" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%E1%BB%B5_x%E1%BA%A1" title="Kỵ xạ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kỵ xạ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mounted_archery" title="Special:EditPage/Mounted archery">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Mounted+archery%22">"Mounted archery"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Mounted+archery%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Mounted+archery%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Mounted+archery%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Mounted+archery%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Mounted+archery%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:People_of_Tibet54.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/People_of_Tibet54.jpg/300px-People_of_Tibet54.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/People_of_Tibet54.jpg/450px-People_of_Tibet54.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/People_of_Tibet54.jpg/600px-People_of_Tibet54.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2842" data-file-height="2517" /></a><figcaption>Mounted archery in Tibet</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mounted archery</b> is a form of archery that involves shooting <a href="/wiki/Arrow" title="Arrow">arrows</a> while <a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">on horseback</a>. A <b>horse archer</b> is a person who does mounted archery. <a href="/wiki/Archery" title="Archery">Archery</a> has occasionally been used from the backs of other riding animals. In large open areas, mounted archery was a highly successful technique for hunting, for protecting herds, and for war.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was a defining characteristic of the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_nomads" title="Eurasian nomads">Eurasian nomads</a> during antiquity and the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">medieval period</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Iranian_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Iranian peoples">Iranian peoples</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Alans" title="Alans">Alans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarmatians" title="Sarmatians">Sarmatians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cimmerians" title="Cimmerians">Cimmerians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massagetae" title="Massagetae">Massagetae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sassanid_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanid army">Persians</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">Antiquity</a>, and by the <a href="/wiki/Hungarians" title="Hungarians">Hungarians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic peoples</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The expansion of these cultures have had a great influence on other geographical regions including <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Asia" title="West Asia">West Asia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>. In East Asia, horse archery came to be particularly honored in the <a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">samurai</a> tradition of Japan, where horse archery is called <a href="/wiki/Yabusame" title="Yabusame">Yabusame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term <b>mounted archer</b> occurs in medieval English sources to describe a soldier who rode to battle but who dismounted to shoot, similar to the later firearm-equipped <a href="/wiki/Dragoon" title="Dragoon">dragoons</a>. <b>Horse archer</b> is the term used more specifically to describe a warrior who shoots from the saddle at the gallop. Another term, "horseback archery", has crept into modern use.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Horse archery developed separately among the people of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#Argentina" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">the South American pampas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plains_Indians" title="Plains Indians">the North American prairies</a> following the introduction of domesticated horses to the continent; the <a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanches</a> were especially skilled.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Basic_features">Basic features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mounted_archery&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Basic features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maximilian_1470.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Maximilian_1470.png/220px-Maximilian_1470.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Maximilian_1470.png/330px-Maximilian_1470.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Maximilian_1470.png/440px-Maximilian_1470.png 2x" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption>Young prince (later <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor_Maximilian_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I">Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I</a>) hunting for birds as a horsed archer. Woodcut by <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer" title="Albrecht Dürer">Albrecht Dürer</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IlkhanidHorseArcher.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/IlkhanidHorseArcher.jpg/220px-IlkhanidHorseArcher.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/IlkhanidHorseArcher.jpg/330px-IlkhanidHorseArcher.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/IlkhanidHorseArcher.jpg/440px-IlkhanidHorseArcher.jpg 2x" data-file-width="892" data-file-height="699" /></a><figcaption> A <a href="/wiki/Timurid_dynasty" title="Timurid dynasty">Timurid</a> drawing of an <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanid</a> horse archer. Signed (lower right) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_ibn_Mahmudshah_al-Khayyam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad ibn Mahmudshah al-Khayyam (page does not exist)">Muhammad ibn Mahmudshah al-Khayyam</a> Iran, early 15th century. Ink and gold on paper</figcaption></figure> <p>Since using a bow requires the rider to let go of the reins with both hands, horse archers need superb <a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">equestrian</a> skills if they are to shoot on the move. The natives of large grassland areas used horse archery for hunting, for protecting their herds, and for war. Horse archery was for many groups a basic survival skill, and additionally made each able-bodied man, at need, a highly mobile warrior. The buffalo hunts of the North American prairies may be the best-recorded examples of <a href="/wiki/Bowhunting" title="Bowhunting">bowhunting</a> by horse archers.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In battle, light horse archers were typically <a href="/wiki/Skirmisher" title="Skirmisher">skirmishers</a>, lightly armed missile troops capable of moving swiftly to avoid close combat or to deliver a rapid blow to the flanks or rear of the foe. Captain <a href="/wiki/Robert_G._Carter" title="Robert G. Carter">Robert G. Carter</a> described the experience of facing <a href="/wiki/Quanah_Parker" title="Quanah Parker">Quanah Parker</a>'s forces: "an irregular line of swirling warriors, all rapidly moving in right and left hand circles.. while advancing, to the right or left, and as rapidly concentrating... in the centre... and their falling back in the same manner...all was most puzzling to our... veterans who had never witnessed such tactical maneuvers, or such a flexible line of skirmishers"<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the tactic of the <a href="/wiki/Parthian_shot" title="Parthian shot">Parthian shot</a> the rider would retreat from the enemy while turning his upper body and shooting backward. Due to the superior speed of mounted archers, troops under attack from horse archers were unable to respond to the threat if they did not have ranged weapons of their own. Constant harassment would result in casualties, morale drop and disruption of the formation. Any attempts to charge the archers would also slow the entire army down. </p><p>An example of these tactics comes from an attack on <a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanche</a> horse archers by a group of <a href="/wiki/Texas_Ranger_Division" title="Texas Ranger Division">Texas Rangers</a>, who were saved by their muzzle-loading firearms and by a convenient terrain feature. Fifty Rangers armed with guns met about 20 Comanche hunters who were hunting buffalo and attacked them. The Comanches fled, easily keeping clear of the Rangers, for several miles across the open prairie. They led the Rangers into a stronger force of two hundred. The Rangers immediately retreated, only to discover they had committed a classic error in fighting mounted archers: the Comanches pursued in turn, able to shoot what seemed like clouds of arrows. The Rangers found a ravine where they could shoot at the Comanche from cover. The horse archers did not charge but kept the Rangers under siege until seven of them were dead or dying, whereupon the Rangers retreated but claimed victory.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heavy_horse_archers">Heavy horse archers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mounted_archery&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Heavy horse archers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Horse archers may be either light, such as <a href="/wiki/Scythian" class="mw-redirect" title="Scythian">Scythian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hun" class="mw-redirect" title="Hun">Hun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cumans" title="Cumans">Cuman</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Pecheneg" class="mw-redirect" title="Pecheneg">Pecheneg</a> horsemen, or heavy, such as Byzantine kavallarioi, Turkish timariots, Russian druzhina and Japanese samurai. Heavy horse archers typically fought as formed units. Instead of harassing without ever making contact, they shot in volleys, weakening the enemy before they charged. In addition to bows, they often also carried close combat weapons, such as lances or spears. Some nations, like medieval Mongols, Hungarians and <a href="/wiki/Cumans" title="Cumans">Cumans</a>, fielded both light and heavy horse archers. In some armies, such as those of the Parthians, Palmyrans, and the Teutonic Order of Knights, the mounted troops consisted of both super-heavy troops (<a href="/wiki/Cataphract" title="Cataphract">cataphracts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">knights</a>) without bows, and light horse archers. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Appearance_in_history">Appearance in history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mounted_archery&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Appearance in history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Assyriancavalry.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Assyriancavalry.JPG/220px-Assyriancavalry.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Assyriancavalry.JPG/330px-Assyriancavalry.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Assyriancavalry.JPG/440px-Assyriancavalry.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2535" data-file-height="1609" /></a><figcaption>Assyrian relief of a mounted archer</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mounted_archery" title="Special:EditPage/Mounted archery">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ParthianHorseman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/ParthianHorseman.jpg/220px-ParthianHorseman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/ParthianHorseman.jpg/330px-ParthianHorseman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/ParthianHorseman.jpg/440px-ParthianHorseman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="478" data-file-height="523" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian</a> horse archer shooting at full gallop, undated relief<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (April 2012)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> at the <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Madama,_Turin" title="Palazzo Madama, Turin">Palazzo Madama, Turin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Horse archery first developed during the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a>, gradually replacing the Bronze Age <a href="/wiki/Chariot" title="Chariot">chariot</a>. The earliest depictions are found in the artwork of the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian Empire</a> of about the 9th century BC and reflect the incursions of the early <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Iranian_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Iranian peoples">Iranian peoples</a>. Early horse archery, depicted on the Assyrian carvings, involved two riders, one controlling both horses while the second shot.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Heavy horse archers first appeared in the Assyrian army in the 7th century BC after abandoning <a href="/wiki/Chariot_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Chariot warfare">chariot warfare</a> and formed a link between light skirmishing cavalrymen and heavy <a href="/wiki/Cataphract" title="Cataphract">cataphract</a> cavalry. The heavy horse archers usually had <a href="/wiki/Mail_(armor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mail (armor)">mail</a> or <a href="/wiki/Lamellar_armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamellar armor">lamellar armor</a> and helmets, and sometimes even their horses were armored. </p><p>Mounted archery was prevalent in the cavalry tactics of <a href="/wiki/Mero%C3%AB" title="Meroë">Meroitic</a> and post-Meroitic <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Skirmishing requires vast areas of free space to run, maneuver, and flee, and if the terrain is close, light horse archers can be charged and defeated easily. Light horse archers are also very vulnerable to foot archers and crossbowmen, who are smaller targets and can outshoot horsemen. Large armies very seldom relied solely on skirmishing horse archers, but there are many examples of victories in which horse archers played a leading part. The Roman general <a href="/wiki/Crassus" class="mw-redirect" title="Crassus">Crassus</a> led a large army, with inadequate cavalry and missile troops, to catastrophe against <a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian</a> horse archers and <a href="/wiki/Cataphract" title="Cataphract">cataphracts</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carrhae" title="Battle of Carrhae">Battle of Carrhae</a>. The Persian king Darius the Great led a <a href="/wiki/European_Scythian_campaign_of_Darius_I" class="mw-redirect" title="European Scythian campaign of Darius I">campaign against the mounted Scythians</a>, who refused to engage in pitched battle; Darius conquered and occupied land but lost enough troops and supplies that he was compelled to withdraw. Darius, however, kept the lands he had conquered. </p><p>According to the Greek historian Herodotus, the Persian general Mardonius used horse archers to attack and harass his opponents during the Battle of Plataea,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was won by the Greeks. <a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip of Macedon">Philip of Macedon</a> scored an epic victory against the Scythians residing north of the Danube, killing their king, <a href="/wiki/Ateas" title="Ateas">Ateas</a>, and causing their kingdom to fall apart thereafter. <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> defeated <a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythians</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sakas" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakas">Sakas</a> in 329 BC at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jaxartes" title="Battle of Jaxartes">Battle of Jaxartes</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Syr_Darya" title="Syr Darya">Syr Darya</a> river. Later on, Alexander himself used mounted archers recruited among the Scythians and <a href="/wiki/Dahae" title="Dahae">Dahae</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/Indian_campaign_of_Alexander_the_Great" title="Indian campaign of Alexander the Great">Greek invasion of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Roman Empire and its military also had extensive use of horse archers after their conflict with eastern armies that relied heavily on mounted archery in the 1st century BC. They had regiments such as the <a href="/wiki/Sagittarii" title="Sagittarii">Equites Sagittarii</a>, who acted as Rome's horse archers in combat.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Crusaders" class="mw-redirect" title="Crusaders">Crusaders</a> used conscripted cavalry and horse archers known as the <a href="/wiki/Turcopole" title="Turcopole">Turcopole</a>, made up of mostly Greek and Turks.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Heavy horse archers, instead of skirmishing and hit-and-run tactics, formed in disciplined formations and units, sometimes intermixed with lancers as in Byzantine and Turkish armies, and shot as volleys instead of shooting as individuals. The usual tactic was to first shoot five or six volleys at the enemy to weaken him and to disorganize them, and then charge. Heavy horse archers often carried spears or lances for close combat or formed mixed units with lancers. The Mongol armies and others included both heavy and light horse archers. </p><p>Heavy horse archers could usually outshoot their light counterparts, and because of the armor they wore, could better withstand return fire. The Russian <a href="/wiki/Druzhina" title="Druzhina">druzhina</a> cavalry developed as a countermeasure to the Tatar light troops. Likewise, the Turkish timariot and qapikulu were often as heavily armored as Western knights and could match the Hungarian, Albanian, and Mongol horse archers. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herberstein_Muscovy_3cavalry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Herberstein_Muscovy_3cavalry.jpg/220px-Herberstein_Muscovy_3cavalry.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Herberstein_Muscovy_3cavalry.jpg/330px-Herberstein_Muscovy_3cavalry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Herberstein_Muscovy_3cavalry.jpg/440px-Herberstein_Muscovy_3cavalry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1014" /></a><figcaption>16th-century Russian cavalry</figcaption></figure> <p>Vietnam's mounted archers were first recorded in the 11th century. In 1017, Emperor <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_C%C3%B4ng_U%E1%BA%A9n" class="mw-redirect" title="Lý Công Uẩn">Lý Công Uẩn</a> of <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Đại Việt">Đại Việt</a> opened the <i>Xa Dinh</i> (archery school) in southern Hanoi and ordered all children of noblemen and mandarins to be trained in mounted archery. During the reign of <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_Th%C3%A1nh_T%C3%B4ng" title="Lý Thánh Tông">Lý Thánh Tông</a>, the royal guards had 20 horse archer teams, combined into 5 companies named <i>Kỵ Xạ</i>, <i>Du Nỗ</i>, <i>Tráng Nỗ</i>, <i>Kính Nỗ</i>, and <i>Thần Tý</i>, comprising about 2,000 skillful horse archers. They later effectively participated in the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD%E2%80%93Song_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Lý–Song War">Invasion of Song China</a> (1075 – 1076) and caused heavy casualties to the Song army.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ly Dynasty's horse archers also fought against <a href="/wiki/Champa" title="Champa">Champa</a> (1069) and the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Empire" title="Khmer Empire">Khmer Empire</a> (1125–1130) which both were victories for Đại Việt. Later, following the decline of the Lý dynasty, most horse archer teams were disbanded.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>German and Scandinavian medieval armies made extensive use of <a href="/wiki/Crossbowmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossbowmen">mounted crossbowmen</a>. They would act not only as scouts and skirmishers but also protect the flanks of the knights and infantry, chasing away enemy light cavalry. When the battle was fully engaged, they would charge at the enemy flank, shoot a single devastating volley at point-blank range and then attack the enemy with swords, without reloading. In some instances, mounted crossbowmen could also reload and fire continuously on horseback if they used specific "weaker" crossbows that could be reloaded easily, as mentioned in the 13th-century Norwegian educational text <a href="/wiki/Konungs_skuggsj%C3%A1" title="Konungs skuggsjá">Konungs skuggsjá</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The invention of <a href="/wiki/Crossbow#Spanning_mechanism" title="Crossbow">spanning mechanisms</a> such as the goat's foot lever and the cranequin allowed mounted crossbowmen to reload and fire heavy crossbows on horseback.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline">Decline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mounted_archery&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Decline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Horse archery was usually ineffective against massed foot archery. The foot archers or crossbowmen could outshoot horse archers and a man alone is a smaller target than a man and a horse. The Crusaders countered the Turkoman horse archery with their crossbowmen, and Genoese crossbowmen were favoured mercenaries in both Mamluk and Mongol armies. Likewise the Chinese armies consisted of massed crossbowmen to counter the nomad armies. A nomad army that wanted to engage in an archery exchange with foot archers would itself normally dismount. The typical Mongol archer shot from a sitting position when dismounted. </p><p>Horse archers were eventually rendered obsolete by the maturity of <a href="/wiki/Firearm" title="Firearm">firearm</a> technology. In the 16th and subsequent centuries, various cavalry forces armed with firearms gradually started appearing. Because the conventional <a href="/wiki/Arquebus" title="Arquebus">arquebus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Musket" title="Musket">musket</a> were too awkward for a cavalryman to use, lighter weapons such as the <a href="/wiki/Carbine" title="Carbine">carbine</a> had to be developed, which could be effectively used from horseback, much in the same manner as the <a href="/wiki/Composite_bow" title="Composite bow">composite</a> <a href="/wiki/Recurve_bow" title="Recurve bow">recurve bow</a> presumably developed from earlier bows. 16th-century <a href="/wiki/Dragoon" title="Dragoon">dragoons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carabinier" title="Carabinier">carabiniers</a> were heavier cavalry equipped only with firearms, but pistols coexisted with the composite bow, often used by the same rider, well into the 17th century in Eastern Europe, especially with the Russians, Kalmyks, Turks, and Cossacks. For many armies, mounted archery remained an effective tactical system in open country until the introduction of repeating firearms. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Denis_Attiret_-_Victory_at_Heluo_Heshi-_from_Battle_Scenes_of_the_Quelling_of_Rebellions_in_-_1998.103.4_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Jean_Denis_Attiret_-_Victory_at_Heluo_Heshi-_from_Battle_Scenes_of_the_Quelling_of_Rebellions_in_-_1998.103.4_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg/220px-Jean_Denis_Attiret_-_Victory_at_Heluo_Heshi-_from_Battle_Scenes_of_the_Quelling_of_Rebellions_in_-_1998.103.4_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Jean_Denis_Attiret_-_Victory_at_Heluo_Heshi-_from_Battle_Scenes_of_the_Quelling_of_Rebellions_in_-_1998.103.4_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg/330px-Jean_Denis_Attiret_-_Victory_at_Heluo_Heshi-_from_Battle_Scenes_of_the_Quelling_of_Rebellions_in_-_1998.103.4_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Jean_Denis_Attiret_-_Victory_at_Heluo_Heshi-_from_Battle_Scenes_of_the_Quelling_of_Rebellions_in_-_1998.103.4_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg/440px-Jean_Denis_Attiret_-_Victory_at_Heluo_Heshi-_from_Battle_Scenes_of_the_Quelling_of_Rebellions_in_-_1998.103.4_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3400" data-file-height="1999" /></a><figcaption>Qing Dynasty mounted archers face off against Dzungar mounted musketeers</figcaption></figure> <p>By the 18th century, firearms had largely displaced traditional <a href="/wiki/Composite_bows" class="mw-redirect" title="Composite bows">composite bows</a> in Mongolia, whereas in <a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a> horse archery was still highly esteemed. In the 1758 <a href="/wiki/Dzungar%E2%80%93Qing_Wars" title="Dzungar–Qing Wars">Battle of Khorgos</a>, mounted Mongolian <a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungars</a> troops armed with muskets faced off against <a href="/wiki/Qing_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing Dynasty">Qing Dynasty</a> mounted Manchurian, Mongolian, and Chinese archers armed with <a href="/wiki/Manchu_bow" title="Manchu bow">Manchu bows</a>. The battle was won by the Qing forces.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditional Manchurian archery continued to be practiced in China up to the overthrow of the <a href="/wiki/Xinhai_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhai Revolution">Qing Dynasty in 1911</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baschkiren_gegen_Franzosen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Baschkiren_gegen_Franzosen.jpg/220px-Baschkiren_gegen_Franzosen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Baschkiren_gegen_Franzosen.jpg/330px-Baschkiren_gegen_Franzosen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Baschkiren_gegen_Franzosen.jpg/440px-Baschkiren_gegen_Franzosen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="879" /></a><figcaption>Bashkirs and Cossacks fighting French infantry with bows and lances at the Battle of Leipzig (1813)</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Imperial_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Imperial Army">Russian Imperial Army</a> deployed Cossack, Bashkir, and Kalmyk horse archers against Napoleon's forces. <a href="/wiki/Marcellin_Marbot" title="Marcellin Marbot">Baron de Marbot</a> writes that on the eve of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leipzig" title="Battle of Leipzig">Battle of Leipzig</a>, his forces encountered mounted archers: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>With much shouting, these barbarians rapidly surrounded our squadrons, against which they launched thousands of arrows which did very little damage because the Baskirs, being entirely irregulars, do not know how to form up in ranks and they go about in a mob like a flock of sheep, with the result that the riders cannot shoot horizontally without wounding or killing their comrades who are in front of them, but shoot their arrows into the air to describe an arc which will allow them to descend on the enemy. This system does not permit any accurate aim, and nine tenths of the arrows miss their target. Those that do arrive have used up in their ascent the impulse given to them by the bow, and fall only under their own weight, which is very small, so that they do not as a<i> </i>rule inflict any serious injuries. In fact the Baskirs, having no other arms, are undoubtedly the world’s least dangerous troops.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i>The Memoirs of General Baron de Marbot</i><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote><p> Although general de Marbot describes the horse archers in disdainful terms, the general was himself wounded in the leg by an enemy arrow, and Baskir troops were amongst the occupying troops in Paris in 1814. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5.jpg/220px-%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5.jpg/330px-%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5.jpg/440px-%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>Bashkir horse archers in Paris 1814</figcaption></figure> <p>It has been proposed that firearms began to replace bows in Europe and Russia not because firearms were superior but because they were easier to use and required less practice.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, discussing <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_hunting" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffalo hunting">buffalo hunting</a> in 1846, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Parkman" title="Francis Parkman">Francis Parkman</a> noted that "the bows and arrows which the Indians use in running buffalo have many advantages over firearms, and even white men occasionally employ them."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanches</a> of North America found their bows more effective than muzzle loading guns. "After... about 1800, most Comanches began to discard muskets and pistols and to rely on their older weapons."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bows were still used by Native Americans in the late <a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">American Indian Wars</a>, but almost all warriors who had immediate access to modern repeating firearms used these guns instead. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technology">Technology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mounted_archery&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Composite_bow" title="Composite bow">Composite bow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Domestication_of_the_horse" title="Domestication of the horse">Domestication of the horse</a></div> <p>The weapon of choice for Eurasian horse archers was most commonly a <a href="/wiki/Composite_bow" title="Composite bow">composite</a> <a href="/wiki/Recurve_bow" title="Recurve bow">recurve bow</a>, because it was compact enough to shoot conveniently from a horse while retaining sufficient range and penetrating power. North Americans used short wooden bows often backed with sinew, but never developed the full three-layer composite bow. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_revival">Modern revival</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mounted_archery&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern revival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Horse archery and associated skills were revived in <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> after independence in 1921 and are displayed at festivals, in particular the <a href="/wiki/Naadam" title="Naadam">Naadam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the formidable history of Mongolian horse archers, the sport is very limited in Mongolia itself today and at most Naadam festivals the archery and horse-riding competitions are conducted independently; the horses are raced with one another, and the archery is traditionally practiced from a standing position rather than mounted. In the past five years a desire to revive the tradition seems to have been addressed with the foundation of the Mongolian Horseback Archery Association whose members have competed in South Korea and Europe. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="China">China</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mounted_archery&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chinese_archery" title="Chinese archery">Chinese archery</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dinastia_han,_lastra_parietale_a_uso_funerario_con_scena_di_caccia,_206_a.c.-220_dc._ca,_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Dinastia_han%2C_lastra_parietale_a_uso_funerario_con_scena_di_caccia%2C_206_a.c.-220_dc._ca%2C_02.JPG/220px-Dinastia_han%2C_lastra_parietale_a_uso_funerario_con_scena_di_caccia%2C_206_a.c.-220_dc._ca%2C_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Dinastia_han%2C_lastra_parietale_a_uso_funerario_con_scena_di_caccia%2C_206_a.c.-220_dc._ca%2C_02.JPG/330px-Dinastia_han%2C_lastra_parietale_a_uso_funerario_con_scena_di_caccia%2C_206_a.c.-220_dc._ca%2C_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Dinastia_han%2C_lastra_parietale_a_uso_funerario_con_scena_di_caccia%2C_206_a.c.-220_dc._ca%2C_02.JPG/440px-Dinastia_han%2C_lastra_parietale_a_uso_funerario_con_scena_di_caccia%2C_206_a.c.-220_dc._ca%2C_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3316" data-file-height="2424" /></a><figcaption>Wall fragment from a Chinese tomb, with an incised <a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">relief</a> decoration showing a hunting scene with mounted archery, <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> (202 BC - 220 AD) <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Oriental_Art" title="National Museum of Oriental Art">National Museum of Oriental Art</a>, Rome</figcaption></figure> <p>Traditionally, mathematics, calligraphy, literature, equestrianism, archery, music, and rites were known as the <a href="/wiki/Six_Arts" title="Six Arts">Six Arts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hao2012_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hao2012-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/Guozijian" title="Guozijian">Guozijian</a> (Imperial Academy), law, mathematics, calligraphy, <a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">equestrianism</a>, and archery were emphasized by the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> <a href="/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor" title="Hongwu Emperor">Hongwu Emperor</a> in addition to Confucian classics, and were also required in the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Examinations" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Examinations">Imperial Examinations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MoteTwitchett1988_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoteTwitchett1988-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Farmer1995_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farmer1995-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schneewind2006_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schneewind2006-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Archery and equestrianism were added to the exam by Hongwu in 1370 like how archery and equestrianism were required for non-military officials at the 武舉 College of War in 1162 by the Song <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaozong" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Xiaozong">Emperor Xiaozong</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jung-pang2012_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jung-pang2012-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area around the Meridian Gate of Nanjing was used for archery by guards and generals under Hongwu.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Imperial exam included archery. Archery on horseback was practiced by Chinese living near the frontier. Wang Ju's writings on archery were followed during the Ming and Yuan and the Ming developed new methods of archery.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jinling Tuyong showed archery in Nanjing during the Ming.<sup id="cite_ref-Fei2009_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fei2009-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contests in archery were held in the capital for Garrison of Guard soldiers who were handpicked.<sup id="cite_ref-Liew1998_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liew1998-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Equestrianism and archery were favored activities of Zhu Di (the Yongle Emperor).<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Archery and equestrianism were frequent pastimes by the Zhengde Emperor.<sup id="cite_ref-MoteTwitchett1988_2_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoteTwitchett1988_2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He practiced archery and horseriding with eunuchs.<sup id="cite_ref-MoteTwitchett1988_3_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoteTwitchett1988_3-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tibetan Buddhist monks, Muslim women and musicians were obtained and provided to Zhengde by his guard Ch'ien Ning, who acquainted him with the ambidextrous archer and military officer Chiang Pin.<sup id="cite_ref-MoteTwitchett1988_4_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoteTwitchett1988_4-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An accomplished military commander and archer was demoted to commoner status on a wrongful charge of treason was the Prince of Lu's grandson in 1514.<sup id="cite_ref-MoteTwitchett1988_5_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoteTwitchett1988_5-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was disinterested in military matters but had prowess in archery (<a href="/wiki/Hongxi_Emperor" title="Hongxi Emperor">Hongxi Emperor</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-MoteTwitchett1988_6_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoteTwitchett1988_6-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Archery competitions, equestrianism and calligraphy were some of the pastimes of the <a href="/wiki/Wanli_Emperor" title="Wanli Emperor">Wanli Emperor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MoteTwitchett1988_7_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoteTwitchett1988_7-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Football and archery were practiced by the Ming Emperors.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traditional_Korean">Traditional Korean</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mounted_archery&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Traditional Korean"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Korean_competition_horseback_archery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Korean_competition_horseback_archery.jpg/170px-Korean_competition_horseback_archery.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Korean_competition_horseback_archery.jpg/255px-Korean_competition_horseback_archery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Korean_competition_horseback_archery.jpg/340px-Korean_competition_horseback_archery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Korean-style competition</figcaption></figure> <p>Korea has a tradition of horse archery. In 2007, the Korean government passed a law to preserve and encourage development of traditional Korean martial arts, including horse archery.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In Korean archery competitions there are five disciplines that are competed separately. The major difference in Korean archery is that all arrows must be stowed somewhere on the archer or horse, unlike Hungarian style where the archer can take the arrows from the bow hand. Traditionally this is a quiver on the right thigh, but it may also be through a belt, a sash, a saddle quiver or even held in a boot or arm quiver. </p><p>The first competition is a single shot to the side. The track is 90 metres (300 ft) long (as in the Hungarian method) but carries only one target set back around 5–10m from the track. This has a unique fascia that consists of five square concentric rings which increase in point score from the outer to inner; the inner (often decorated with a 'Tiger' face) is worth the maximum five points. Each archer has two passes to complete, and each run has to be completed within 16 seconds (or penalty points are incurred). </p><p>The next competition is very similar but is known as the <i>double shot</i> which features one target in the first 30m, slightly angled forwards, and a second target in the last 30m, slightly angled backwards. </p><p>The final competition for the static targets is the <i>serial shot</i> which consists of five targets evenly spaced along a 110 metres (360 ft) track, approximately one target every 20 metres (66 ft) or so. In all three static target competitions, additional bonus points are awarded for style and form.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another major difference in Korean archery style is the <i>Mogu</i>, or moving target competition. This consists of one rider towing a large cotton-and-bamboo ball behind their horse while another archer attempts to shoot the ball (with special turnip-headed arrows which have been dipped in ink). The archer attempts to hit the ball as many times as possible. A second <i>Mo Gu</i> event consists of a team of two trying to hit the target towed by a third rider. Points are awarded for how many arrows strike the ball (verified by the ink stains on the Mogu). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traditional_Japanese">Traditional Japanese</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mounted_archery&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Traditional Japanese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Yabusame" title="Yabusame">Yabusame</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gosannen_kassen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Gosannen_kassen.jpg/440px-Gosannen_kassen.jpg" decoding="async" width="440" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Gosannen_kassen.jpg/660px-Gosannen_kassen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Gosannen_kassen.jpg/880px-Gosannen_kassen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5022" data-file-height="1480" /></a><figcaption>Japanese mounted archers in the <a href="/wiki/Gosannen_War" title="Gosannen War">Gosannen War</a>, 14th century painting by Hidanokami Korehisa</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yabusame_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Yabusame_01.jpg/170px-Yabusame_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Yabusame_01.jpg/255px-Yabusame_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Yabusame_01.jpg/340px-Yabusame_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1070" data-file-height="1574" /></a><figcaption>Yabusame archer on horseback</figcaption></figure> <p>The history of Japanese horse archery dates back to the 4th century.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It became popular in Japan, attracting crowds. The emperor found that the crowds were not appropriate to the solemn and sacred nature of the occasion, and banned public displays in 698.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Horse archery was a widely used combat technique from the <a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian period</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Sengoku_period" title="Sengoku period">Warring States period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nasu_no_Yoichi" title="Nasu no Yoichi">Nasu no Yoichi</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">samurai</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kamakura_period" title="Kamakura period">Kamakura period</a> is the most famous horse archer in Japan. <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A8%8E%E5%B0%84%E4%B8%89%E7%89%A9" class="extiw" title="ja:騎射三物">Three kinds of Japanese horse archery</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kasagake" title="Kasagake">Kasagake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yabusame" title="Yabusame">Yabusame</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Inuoumono" title="Inuoumono">Inuoumono</a> (dog shooting)) were defined. </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/Arquebus" title="Arquebus">arquebus</a> was introduced by the Portuguese to Japan in the 16th century, archery became outdated. To maintain traditional Japanese horse archery, <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Yoshimune" title="Tokugawa Yoshimune">Tokugawa Yoshimune</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgun" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōgun">shōgun</a></i>, ordered the <a href="/wiki/Ogasawara_clan" title="Ogasawara clan">Ogasawara clan</a> to found a school. Current Japanese horse archery succeeds to the technique reformed by the Ogasawara clan. </p><p>Traditionally, women were barred from performing in yabusame, but in 1963 female archers participated in a yabusame demonstration for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Yabusame school of horseback archery has found a following in Australia, with the setting up of the Australian Horse Archery School which today conducts public shows in various parts of the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_States">United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mounted_archery&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-No_footnotes plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-No_footnotes" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">list of references</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Further_reading" title="Wikipedia:Further reading">related reading</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, <b>but its sources remain unclear because it lacks <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Horse archery is a growing sport in the United States. Through the efforts of organizations such as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mountedarchery.org">The Mounted Archery Association of the Americas</a>, there are horse archery clubs around the country. Competitive courses one might find in the U.S. incorporate the Korean, Hungarian and Persian Styles (i.e., the Qabaq). Participants combine archery skills with riding a horse, with care and training of the horse undertaken. Riders run reinless down a 90-meter course while loosing arrows at various target arrangements. MA3 Clubs around the country offer members the opportunity to learn the sport by providing ranges, a ranking system, and competitions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mounted_archery&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The British Horseback Archery Association was established in 2007, and is the governing body of horse archery. The first national competition took place in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2013, members have represented Great Britain in international team competitions.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Postal matches are also held with participants from across the UK. Categories for disabled riders and for juniors have also been introduced. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hungary">Hungary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mounted_archery&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Hungary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Lajos_Kassai" title="Lajos Kassai">Kassai Lajos</a> created a competitive rule system of horse archery in the late 1980s,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and started to propagate this new form of the sport, first in Hungary, and from the 1990s in the rest of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>. </p><p>His life and work was dramatized by Géza Kaszás in the film <i>A lovasíjász</i> (<i>The horse archer</i>), which premiered in January 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Federations">Federations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mounted_archery&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Federations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Horseback_Archery_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Horseback Archery Federation (page does not exist)">World Horseback Archery Federation</a> (WHAF) - 2004 <sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Horseback_Archery_Alliance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Horseback Archery Alliance (page does not exist)">International Horseback Archery Alliance</a> (IHAA) - 2013 <sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Federation_of_Equestrian_Archery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Federation of Equestrian Archery (page does not exist)">World Federation of Equestrian Archery</a> (WFEA) - 1994 <sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_d%27Equitation_et_d%27Attelage_Belgique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fédération d'Equitation et d'Attelage Belgique (page does not exist)">Fédération d'Equitation et d'Attelage Belgique</a> (FFE) - 1972 <sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mounted_archery&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archery" title="Archery">Archery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cataphract" title="Cataphract">Cataphract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_bow" title="Composite bow">Composite bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_nomads" title="Eurasian nomads">Eurasian nomads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_East_Asian_warfare" title="Horses in East Asian warfare">Horses in East Asian warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_bow#Hungarian_bow" title="Composite bow">Hungarian bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_bow" title="Mongol bow">Mongol bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomadic_empires" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomadic empires">Nomadic empires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_shot" title="Parthian shot">Parthian shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recurve_bow" title="Recurve bow">Recurve bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagittarii" title="Sagittarii">Sagittarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_archery#Turkish_Bow" title="Turkish archery">Turkish bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yabusame" title="Yabusame">Yabusame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinba_ittai" title="Jinba ittai">Jinba ittai</a></li></ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mounted_archery&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldarchery.sport/news/178461/archery-history-horseback-archers-east-orient-and-ancient-world-1">"Archery history: Horseback archers of the East, Orient and ancient world | World Archery"</a>. <i>www.worldarchery.sport</i>. 2020-08-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.worldarchery.sport&rft.atitle=Archery+history%3A+Horseback+archers+of+the+East%2C+Orient+and+ancient+world+%7C+World+Archery&rft.date=2020-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldarchery.sport%2Fnews%2F178461%2Farchery-history-horseback-archers-east-orient-and-ancient-world-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">T.R. Fehrenbach. Comanches, the history of a people. Vintage Books. London, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-09-952055-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-09-952055-9">978-0-09-952055-9</a>. First published in the US by Alfred Knopf, 1974.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ihaa.info/pages/information/about_us.html">"International Horseback Archery Alliance"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Horseback+Archery+Alliance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fihaa.info%2Fpages%2Finformation%2Fabout_us.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.traditionalsports.org/traditional-sports/asia/yabusame-japan-2.html">"Yabusame (Japan) - Traditional Sports"</a>. <i>www.traditionalsports.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.traditionalsports.org&rft.atitle=Yabusame+%28Japan%29+-+Traditional+Sports&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.traditionalsports.org%2Ftraditional-sports%2Fasia%2Fyabusame-japan-2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/T._R._Fehrenbach" title="T. R. Fehrenbach">T. R. Fehrenbach</a>. Comanches, the history of a people. Vintage Books. London, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-09-952055-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-09-952055-9">978-0-09-952055-9</a>. First published in the US by Alfred Knopf, 1974. Page 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Comanche Indians Chasing Buffalo with Lances and Bows. George Catlin 1846-1848. Western Landscape <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://catlinclassroom.si.edu/cl.html">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021002212446/http://catlinclassroom.si.edu/cl.html">Archived</a> 2002-10-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carter, Captain R. G. On the border with Mackenzie, or Winning West Texas from the Comanches. p 289-290. New York, Antiquarian Press, 1961 (First published 1935). As quoted in Los Comanches. The Horse People, 1751-1845. Stanley Noyes. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. 1993 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-82631459-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-82631459-7">0-82631459-7</a> p. 221-222.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZielinski2015" class="citation journal cs1">Zielinski, Lukasz (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pam-journal.pl/resources/html/article/details?id=147502&language=en">"New insights into Nubian archery"</a>. <i>Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean</i>. <b>24</b> (1): 791–801.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Polish+Archaeology+in+the+Mediterranean&rft.atitle=New+insights+into+Nubian+archery&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=791-801&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Zielinski&rft.aufirst=Lukasz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpam-journal.pl%2Fresources%2Fhtml%2Farticle%2Fdetails%3Fid%3D147502%26language%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130910174713/http://www.luc.edu/faculty/ldossey/Herodotus.htm">"Herodotus, excerpts from the Histories (Ca"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.luc.edu/faculty/ldossey/Herodotus.htm">the original</a> on 2013-09-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Herodotus%2C+excerpts+from+the+Histories+%28Ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.luc.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fldossey%2FHerodotus.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ashley. p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeffrey L. Davies: <i>Roman Arrowheads from Dinorben and the 'Sagittarii' of the Roman Army</i>, Britannia, Vol. 8. (1977), pp. 257-270</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R.C. Small: Crusading Warfare 1097-1193, pp. 111-112, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-48029-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-48029-1">978-0-521-48029-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nguyễn Thị Dơn, 2001 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://luanan.nlv.gov.vn/luanan?a=d&d=TTbFfqyzYjFa2001.1.1&e=-------vi-20--1--img-txIN-------">"Collection of Lê dynasty weapons in Ngọc khánh" p. 63</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Phan Huy Chú, Lịch triều hiến chương loại chí, p. 320.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heath, Ian. <i>Armies of Feudal Europe 1066-1300</i>. Wargames Research Group; 2nd Revised edition (Sept. 1989). p. 165. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0904417432" title="Special:BookSources/978-0904417432">978-0904417432</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Payne-Gallwey, Ralph. <i>The Crossbow: Its Military and Sporting History, Construction and Use</i>. Skyhorse Publishing; First edition (April 1, 2007). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1602390102" title="Special:BookSources/978-1602390102">978-1602390102</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dezobry and Bachelet, <i>Dictionary of Biography</i>, t.1, Ch.Delagrave, 1876, p. 704</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wars in the Age of Louis Xiv, 1650-1715, C.J.Nolan, p.g. 224</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarbot2000" class="citation book cs1">Marbot, Jean-Baptiste-Antoine-Marcelin (2000-11-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2401?msg=welcome_stranger"><i>The Memoirs of General Baron de Marbot</i></a>. Translated by Colt, Oliver C.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Memoirs+of+General+Baron+de+Marbot&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.aulast=Marbot&rft.aufirst=Jean-Baptiste-Antoine-Marcelin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Febooks%2F2401%3Fmsg%3Dwelcome_stranger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Donald Ostrowski, "The Replacement of the Composite Reflex Bow by Firearms in the Muscovite Cavalry," Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 11, no. 3 (2010): 513-534</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Oregon Trail (1847) by Francis Parkman. Chapter 24. <a class="external free" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Oregon_Trail/Chapter_24">https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Oregon_Trail/Chapter_24</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">T.R. Fehrenbach. Comanches, the history of a people. Vintage Books. London, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-09-952055-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-09-952055-9">978-0-09-952055-9</a>. First published in the US by Alfred Knopf, 1974. Page 125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.atarn.org/mongolian/mn_nat_arch/mn_nat_arch.htm">http://www.atarn.org/mongolian/mn_nat_arch/mn_nat_arch.htm</a> Mongolian National Archery by Munkhtsetseg.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hao2012-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hao2012_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhidong_Hao2003" class="citation book cs1">Zhidong Hao (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RqVIRz_8U9EC&q=yuanzhang+archery&pg=PA37"><i>Intellectuals at a Crossroads: The Changing Politics of China's Knowledge Workers</i></a>. SUNY Press. pp. 37–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-8757-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-8757-0"><bdi>978-0-7914-8757-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Intellectuals+at+a+Crossroads%3A+The+Changing+Politics+of+China%27s+Knowledge+Workers&rft.pages=37-&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-8757-0&rft.au=Zhidong+Hao&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRqVIRz_8U9EC%26q%3Dyuanzhang%2Barchery%26pg%3DPA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MoteTwitchett1988-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MoteTwitchett1988_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrederick_W._MoteDenis_Twitchett1988" class="citation book cs1">Frederick W. Mote; Denis Twitchett (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tyhT9SZRLS8C&q=archery&pg=PA122"><i>The Cambridge History of China: Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 122–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24332-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24332-2"><bdi>978-0-521-24332-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China%3A+Volume+7%2C+The+Ming+Dynasty%2C+1368-1644&rft.pages=122-&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-521-24332-2&rft.au=Frederick+W.+Mote&rft.au=Denis+Twitchett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtyhT9SZRLS8C%26q%3Darchery%26pg%3DPA122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen_Selby2000" class="citation book cs1">Stephen Selby (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wY3sAQAAQBAJ&q=yuanzhang+archery&pg=PA267"><i>Chinese Archery</i></a>. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 267–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-962-209-501-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-962-209-501-4"><bdi>978-962-209-501-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+Archery&rft.pages=267-&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-962-209-501-4&rft.au=Stephen+Selby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwY3sAQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dyuanzhang%2Barchery%26pg%3DPA267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Farmer1995-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Farmer1995_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdward_L._Farmer1995" class="citation book cs1">Edward L. Farmer (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TCIjZ7l6TX8C&q=yuanzhang+archery&pg=PA59"><i>Zhu Yuanzhang and Early Ming Legislation: The Reordering of Chinese Society Following the Era of Mongol Rule</i></a>. BRILL. pp. 59–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-10391-0" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-10391-0"><bdi>90-04-10391-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zhu+Yuanzhang+and+Early+Ming+Legislation%3A+The+Reordering+of+Chinese+Society+Following+the+Era+of+Mongol+Rule&rft.pages=59-&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=90-04-10391-0&rft.au=Edward+L.+Farmer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTCIjZ7l6TX8C%26q%3Dyuanzhang%2Barchery%26pg%3DPA59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schneewind2006-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schneewind2006_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarah_Schneewind2006" class="citation book cs1">Sarah Schneewind (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ppDzCJpuKRoC&q=yuanzhang+archery&pg=PA54"><i>Community Schools and the State in Ming China</i></a>. Stanford University Press. pp. 54–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-5174-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-5174-2"><bdi>978-0-8047-5174-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Community+Schools+and+the+State+in+Ming+China&rft.pages=54-&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-5174-2&rft.au=Sarah+Schneewind&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DppDzCJpuKRoC%26q%3Dyuanzhang%2Barchery%26pg%3DPA54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.san.beck.org/3-7-MingEmpire.html">"Ming Empire 1368-1644 by Sanderson Beck"</a>. <i>www.san.beck.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.san.beck.org&rft.atitle=Ming+Empire+1368-1644+by+Sanderson+Beck&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.san.beck.org%2F3-7-MingEmpire.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151012222623/http://www.atarn.org/training/chinese_archery_bckgrnd.htm">"Chinese archery training background text"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-12-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chinese+archery+training+background+text&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atarn.org%2Ftraining%2Fchinese_archery_bckgrnd.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jung-pang2012-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jung-pang2012_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLo_Jung-pang2012" class="citation book cs1">Lo Jung-pang (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UJPGBgAAQBAJ&q=hongwu+archery&pg=PA103"><i>China as a Sea Power, 1127-1368: A Preliminary Survey of the Maritime Expansion and Naval Exploits of the Chinese People During the Southern Song and Yuan Periods</i></a>. NUS Press. pp. 103–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-505-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-505-7"><bdi>978-9971-69-505-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China+as+a+Sea+Power%2C+1127-1368%3A+A+Preliminary+Survey+of+the+Maritime+Expansion+and+Naval+Exploits+of+the+Chinese+People+During+the+Southern+Song+and+Yuan+Periods&rft.pages=103-&rft.pub=NUS+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-9971-69-505-7&rft.au=Lo+Jung-pang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUJPGBgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dhongwu%2Barchery%26pg%3DPA103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.dpm.org.cn/EXPLORE/ming-qing/">"Hongwu Reign|The Palace Museum"</a>. <i>en.dpm.org.cn</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=en.dpm.org.cn&rft.atitle=Hongwu+Reign%26%23124%3BThe+Palace+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.dpm.org.cn%2FEXPLORE%2Fming-qing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen_Selby2000" class="citation book cs1">Stephen Selby (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wY3sAQAAQBAJ&q=hongwu+archery&pg=PA271"><i>Chinese Archery</i></a>. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 271–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-962-209-501-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-962-209-501-4"><bdi>978-962-209-501-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+Archery&rft.pages=271-&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-962-209-501-4&rft.au=Stephen+Selby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwY3sAQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dhongwu%2Barchery%26pg%3DPA271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fei2009-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fei2009_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSi-yen_Fei2009" class="citation book cs1">Si-yen Fei (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zMb7ubCq61UC&q=hongwu+archery&pg=PR9"><i>Negotiating Urban Space: Urbanization and Late Ming Nanjing</i></a>. Harvard University Press. pp. x–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-03561-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-03561-4"><bdi>978-0-674-03561-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Negotiating+Urban+Space%3A+Urbanization+and+Late+Ming+Nanjing&rft.pages=x-&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-674-03561-4&rft.au=Si-yen+Fei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzMb7ubCq61UC%26q%3Dhongwu%2Barchery%26pg%3DPR9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Liew1998-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Liew1998_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoon_Ming_Liew1998" class="citation book cs1">Foon Ming Liew (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=79faAAAAMAAJ&q=hongwu+archery"><i>The Treatises on Military Affairs of the Ming Dynastic History (1368-1644): An Annotated Translation of the Treatises on Military Affairs, Chapter 89 and Chapter 90: Supplemented by the Treatises on Military Affairs of the Draft of the Ming Dynastic History: A Documentation of Ming-Qing Historiography and the Decline and Fall of</i></a>. Ges.f. Natur-e.V. p. 243. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-928463-64-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-928463-64-5"><bdi>978-3-928463-64-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Treatises+on+Military+Affairs+of+the+Ming+Dynastic+History+%281368-1644%29%3A+An+Annotated+Translation+of+the+Treatises+on+Military+Affairs%2C+Chapter+89+and+Chapter+90%3A+Supplemented+by+the+Treatises+on+Military+Affairs+of+the+Draft+of+the+Ming+Dynastic+History%3A+A+Documentation+of+Ming-Qing+Historiography+and+the+Decline+and+Fall+of&rft.pages=243&rft.pub=Ges.f.+Natur-e.V.&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-3-928463-64-5&rft.au=Foon+Ming+Liew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D79faAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dhongwu%2Barchery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShih-shan_Henry_Tsai2001" class="citation book cs1">Shih-shan Henry Tsai (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5cUVCgAAQBAJ&q=hongwu+archery&pg=PA23"><i>Perpetual happiness: the Ming emperor Yongle</i></a>. University of Washington Press. pp. 23–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-295-80022-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-295-80022-6"><bdi>978-0-295-80022-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perpetual+happiness%3A+the+Ming+emperor+Yongle&rft.pages=23-&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-295-80022-6&rft.au=Shih-shan+Henry+Tsai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5cUVCgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dhongwu%2Barchery%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MoteTwitchett1988_2-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MoteTwitchett1988_2_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrederick_W._MoteDenis_Twitchett1988" class="citation book cs1">Frederick W. Mote; Denis Twitchett (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tyhT9SZRLS8C&q=archery&pg=PA403"><i>The Cambridge History of China: Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 403–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24332-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24332-2"><bdi>978-0-521-24332-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China%3A+Volume+7%2C+The+Ming+Dynasty%2C+1368-1644&rft.pages=403-&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-521-24332-2&rft.au=Frederick+W.+Mote&rft.au=Denis+Twitchett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtyhT9SZRLS8C%26q%3Darchery%26pg%3DPA403&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MoteTwitchett1988_3-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MoteTwitchett1988_3_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrederick_W._MoteDenis_Twitchett1988" class="citation book cs1">Frederick W. Mote; Denis Twitchett (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tyhT9SZRLS8C&q=archery&pg=PA404"><i>The Cambridge History of China: Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 404–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24332-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24332-2"><bdi>978-0-521-24332-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China%3A+Volume+7%2C+The+Ming+Dynasty%2C+1368-1644&rft.pages=404-&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-521-24332-2&rft.au=Frederick+W.+Mote&rft.au=Denis+Twitchett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtyhT9SZRLS8C%26q%3Darchery%26pg%3DPA404&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MoteTwitchett1988_4-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MoteTwitchett1988_4_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrederick_W._MoteDenis_Twitchett1988" class="citation book cs1">Frederick W. Mote; Denis Twitchett (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tyhT9SZRLS8C&q=archery&pg=PA414"><i>The Cambridge History of China: Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 414–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24332-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24332-2"><bdi>978-0-521-24332-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China%3A+Volume+7%2C+The+Ming+Dynasty%2C+1368-1644&rft.pages=414-&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-521-24332-2&rft.au=Frederick+W.+Mote&rft.au=Denis+Twitchett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtyhT9SZRLS8C%26q%3Darchery%26pg%3DPA414&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MoteTwitchett1988_5-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MoteTwitchett1988_5_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrederick_W._MoteDenis_Twitchett1988" class="citation book cs1">Frederick W. Mote; Denis Twitchett (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tyhT9SZRLS8C&q=archery&pg=PA425"><i>The Cambridge History of China: Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 425–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24332-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24332-2"><bdi>978-0-521-24332-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China%3A+Volume+7%2C+The+Ming+Dynasty%2C+1368-1644&rft.pages=425-&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-521-24332-2&rft.au=Frederick+W.+Mote&rft.au=Denis+Twitchett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtyhT9SZRLS8C%26q%3Darchery%26pg%3DPA425&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MoteTwitchett1988_6-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MoteTwitchett1988_6_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrederick_W._MoteDenis_Twitchett1988" class="citation book cs1">Frederick W. Mote; Denis Twitchett (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tyhT9SZRLS8C&q=archery&pg=PA277"><i>The Cambridge History of China: Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 277–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24332-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24332-2"><bdi>978-0-521-24332-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China%3A+Volume+7%2C+The+Ming+Dynasty%2C+1368-1644&rft.pages=277-&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-521-24332-2&rft.au=Frederick+W.+Mote&rft.au=Denis+Twitchett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtyhT9SZRLS8C%26q%3Darchery%26pg%3DPA277&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MoteTwitchett1988_7-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MoteTwitchett1988_7_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrederick_W._MoteDenis_Twitchett1988" class="citation book cs1">Frederick W. Mote; Denis Twitchett (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tyhT9SZRLS8C&q=archery&pg=PA514"><i>The Cambridge History of China: Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 514–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24332-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24332-2"><bdi>978-0-521-24332-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China%3A+Volume+7%2C+The+Ming+Dynasty%2C+1368-1644&rft.pages=514-&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-521-24332-2&rft.au=Frederick+W.+Mote&rft.au=Denis+Twitchett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtyhT9SZRLS8C%26q%3Darchery%26pg%3DPA514&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160424092950/https://blog.britishmuseum.org/category/exhibitions/ming-50-years-that-changed-china/">"Ming: 50 years that changed China | British Museum blog"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.britishmuseum.org/category/exhibitions/ming-50-years-that-changed-china/">the original</a> on 2016-04-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-05-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ming%3A+50+years+that+changed+China+%26%23124%3B+British+Museum+blog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.britishmuseum.org%2Fcategory%2Fexhibitions%2Fming-50-years-that-changed-china%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams2014" class="citation news cs1">Adams, Tim (August 24, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/aug/24/ming-british-museum-empire-strikes-back-50-years-changed-china">"The Ming empire strikes back"</a>. <i>The Observer</i> – via www.theguardian.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=The+Ming+empire+strikes+back&rft.date=2014-08-24&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fartanddesign%2F2014%2Faug%2F24%2Fming-british-museum-empire-strikes-back-50-years-changed-china&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a pictorial presentation, see: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diesteppenreiter.de/img/korea_variante.jpg">Korean track</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090305175333/http://www.diesteppenreiter.de/img/korea_variante.jpg">Archived</a> 2009-03-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Nihon_Shoki" title="Nihon Shoki">Nihon Shoki</a> volume 14 "<a href="/wiki/Emperor_Y%C5%ABryaku" title="Emperor Yūryaku">大泊瀬天皇</a> 彎弓驟馬(horse archery)　而陽呼　曰猪有　即射殺市邊押磐皇子　皇子帳内佐伯部賣輪"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Shoku_Nihongi" title="Shoku Nihongi">Shoku Nihongi</a> volume 1 "禁山背國賀茂祭日會衆騎射(horseback archery)"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Turnbull S. The samurai, a military history. Page 19 "At this time [about 1000 CE] the bow was the most important weapon and the mark of the samurai ... The samurai was essentially a mounted archer."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Kishagasa", by Alice Gordenker. <i><a href="/wiki/Japan_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan Times">Japan Times</a></i> Tuesday, May 16, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/ek20060516wh.html">http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/ek20060516wh.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110513205824/http://bhaa.org.uk/blog/2010/10/15/the-2010-bhaa-championships/">"The 2010 BHAA Championships"</a>. 2011-05-13. Archived from the original on 2011-05-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+2010+BHAA+Championships&rft.date=2011-05-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbhaa.org.uk%2Fblog%2F2010%2F10%2F15%2Fthe-2010-bhaa-championships%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSawyer" class="citation web cs1">Sawyer, Claire. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161023012730/http://bhaa.org.uk/index.php/bhaa-champs">"BHAA championships"</a>. <i>www.bhaa.org.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bhaa.org.uk/index.php/bhaa-champs">the original</a> on 2016-10-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-09-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bhaa.org.uk&rft.atitle=BHAA+championships&rft.aulast=Sawyer&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bhaa.org.uk%2Findex.php%2Fbhaa-champs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSawyer" class="citation web cs1">Sawyer, Claire. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161022060031/http://www.bhaa.org.uk/index.php/international?id=69">"international match report 13"</a>. <i>www.bhaa.org.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bhaa.org.uk/index.php/international?id=69">the original</a> on 2016-10-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-09-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bhaa.org.uk&rft.atitle=international+match+report+13&rft.aulast=Sawyer&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bhaa.org.uk%2Findex.php%2Finternational%3Fid%3D69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161022054900/http://www.mountedarchery.org.uk/gb-v-nl-match/">"horseback archery competition | Cotteswold Mounted Archers"</a>. <i>www.mountedarchery.org.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mountedarchery.org.uk/gb-v-nl-match/">the original</a> on 2016-10-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-09-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mountedarchery.org.uk&rft.atitle=horseback+archery+competition+%7C+Cotteswold+Mounted+Archers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mountedarchery.org.uk%2Fgb-v-nl-match%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sg.news.yahoo.com/hungarian-master-fires-passion-horseback-archery-060954143.html">"Hungarian 'Master' fires passion for horseback archery"</a>. <i>Yahoo News</i>. 2015-03-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yahoo+News&rft.atitle=Hungarian+%27Master%27+fires+passion+for+horseback+archery&rft.date=2015-03-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsg.news.yahoo.com%2Fhungarian-master-fires-passion-horseback-archery-060954143.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160326152026/http://www.filmtekercs.hu/kritikak/a-magyar-harcmuveszet-reklamfilmje-a-lovasijasz">"<i>A magyar harcművészet reklámfilmje – A lovasíjász</i>"</a>. <i>filtekercs.hu</i>. 24 March 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmtekercs.hu/kritikak/a-magyar-harcmuveszet-reklamfilmje-a-lovasijasz">the original</a> on 26 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=filtekercs.hu&rft.atitle=A+magyar+harcm%C5%B1v%C3%A9szet+rekl%C3%A1mfilmje+%E2%80%93+A+lovas%C3%ADj%C3%A1sz&rft.date=2016-03-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmtekercs.hu%2Fkritikak%2Fa-magyar-harcmuveszet-reklamfilmje-a-lovasijasz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whaf.webnode.kr/history/">"History :: W.H.A.F."</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+%3A%3A+W.H.A.F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhaf.webnode.kr%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://wfea.world/">https://wfea.world/</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ffe.be/archery/">"Archerie Equestre - Paard Boogschieten - Horseback Archery - Bogenschießen vom Pferd - Belgium - FFE"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archerie+Equestre+-+Paard+Boogschieten+-+Horseback+Archery+-+Bogenschie%C3%9Fen+vom+Pferd+-+Belgium+-+FFE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ffe.be%2Farchery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mounted_archery&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchreiner" class="citation web cs1">Schreiner, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.horsebackarchery.co.nz">"Horseback Archery New Zealand"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2005-04-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Horseback+Archery+New+Zealand&rft.aulast=Schreiner&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.horsebackarchery.co.nz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMounted+archery" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mounted_archery&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Horse_archery" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Horse archery">Horse archery</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.horsearchery.com.au">Australian Horse Archery Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ffe.be/archery">Horseback Archery in Belgium</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atarn.org/chinese/horseback/chinese_horseback_archery.htm">Chinese Horseback archery</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/ukrainehorsebackarcheryfederation/">Ukrainian horseback archery federation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://srjl.fi">Finnish horseback archery union - Suomen Ratsastusjousiampujain Liitto ry</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diesteppenreiter.de">German mounted Archery Site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pslk.org">Polish Horseback Archery Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.horsebackcombat.co.uk/nhas/">United Kingdom national horseback combat society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bhaa.org.uk">British Horseback Archery Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roguemountedarchers.com">Mounted Archery in USA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mountedarchery.org">Mounted Archery Of The Americas</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canadianfederationofmountedarchery.ca">Canadian Federation of Mounted Archery</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Archery" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Archery" title="Template:Archery"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Archery" title="Template talk:Archery"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Archery" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Archery"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Archery" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Archery" title="Archery">Archery</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_archery" title="History of archery">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_archery" title="Chinese archery">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABd%C5%8D" title="Kyūdō">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_archery" title="Turkish archery">Turkish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_crossbows" title="History of crossbows">History of crossbows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_competitive_archery" title="Modern competitive archery">Modern competitive archery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Archery_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="World Archery Federation">World Archery Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Archery_Rankings" title="World Archery Rankings">World Archery Rankings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archer%27s_paradox" title="Archer's paradox">Archer's paradox</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mounted archery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballista_elephant" title="Ballista elephant">Ballista elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yabusame" title="Yabusame">Yabusame</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Run_archery" title="Run archery">Run archery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">Bows</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yumi" title="Yumi">yumi</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Bow_shape" title="Bow shape">Bow shape</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbalest" title="Arbalest">Arbalest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_crossbow" title="Austroasiatic crossbow">Austroasiatic crossbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable-backed_bow" title="Cable-backed bow">Cable-backed bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_bow" title="Composite bow">Composite bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compound_bow" title="Compound bow">Compound bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossbow" title="Crossbow">Crossbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_longbow" title="English longbow">English longbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatbow" title="Flatbow">Flatbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gakgung" title="Gakgung">Gakgung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holmegaard_bow" title="Holmegaard bow">Holmegaard bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laminated_bow" title="Laminated bow">Laminated bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longbow" title="Longbow">Longbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_bow" title="Mongol bow">Mongol bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recurve_bow" title="Recurve bow">Recurve bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self_bow" title="Self bow">Self bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takedown_bow" title="Takedown bow">Takedown bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_bow" title="Welsh bow">Welsh bow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrow" title="Arrow">Arrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ya_(arrow)" title="Ya (arrow)">Ya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrowhead" title="Arrowhead">Arrowhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowstring" title="Bowstring">Bowstring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracer" title="Bracer">Bracer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrow_cresting" title="Arrow cresting">Cresting machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_tab" title="Finger tab">Finger tab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fletching" title="Fletching">Fletching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flu-flu_arrow" title="Flu-flu arrow">Flu-flu arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Release_aid" title="Release aid">Release aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossbow_bolt" title="Crossbow bolt">Quarrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiver" title="Quiver">Quiver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_target#Archery_sports" title="Shooting target">Target</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thumb_ring" title="Thumb ring">Thumb ring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowfishing" title="Bowfishing">Bowfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowhunting" title="Bowhunting">Bowhunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowyer" title="Bowyer">Bowyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clout_archery" title="Clout archery">Clout archery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_archery" title="Field archery">Field archery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popinjay_(sport)" title="Popinjay (sport)">Popinjay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Target_archery" title="Target archery">Target archery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Competitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Archery at the Summer Olympics">Olympics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_Youth_Olympic_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Archery at the Youth Olympic Games">Youth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Archery_Championships" title="World Archery Championships">World Championships</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Archery_Youth_Championships" title="World Archery Youth Championships">Youth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archery_World_Cup" title="Archery World Cup">World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_Summer_Paralympics" title="Archery at the Summer Paralympics">Paralympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_Summer_Universiade" class="mw-redirect" title="Archery at the Summer Universiade">Universiade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_University_Archery_Championships" title="World University Archery Championships">World University Archery Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_Military_World_Games" title="Archery at the Military World Games">Military World Games</a></li> <li>Continental <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Archery_Championships" title="African Archery Championships">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Archery_Championships" title="Pan American Archery Championships">Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Archery_Championships" title="Asian Archery Championships">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Archery_Championships" title="European Archery Championships">Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naadam#Archery" title="Naadam">Naadam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Archery" title="Category:Archery">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_archery_terms" title="Glossary of archery terms">Glossary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Equestrian_sports" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Equestrian_sports" title="Template:Equestrian sports"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Equestrian_sports" title="Template talk:Equestrian sports"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Equestrian_sports" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Equestrian sports"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Equestrian_sports" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_equestrian_sports" title="List of equestrian sports">Equestrian sports</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">Equestrianism</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Equitation" title="Equitation">Equitation</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Equestrian_Sports" title="International Federation for Equestrian Sports">FEI</a> disciplines, <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Equestrian at the Summer Olympics">Olympic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dressage" title="Dressage">Dressage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eventing" title="Eventing">Eventing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show_jumping" title="Show jumping">Show jumping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">FEI disciplines, non-Olympic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combined_driving" title="Combined driving">Combined driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endurance_riding" title="Endurance riding">Endurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseball" title="Horseball">Horseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reining" title="Reining">Reining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tent_pegging" title="Tent pegging">Tent pegging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_vaulting" title="Equestrian vaulting">Vaulting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-equestrian" title="Para-equestrian">Para-equestrian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">Horse racing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flat_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Flat racing">Flat racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harness_racing" title="Harness racing">Harness racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palio" title="Palio">Palio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_to_point_(steeplechase)" class="mw-redirect" title="Point to point (steeplechase)">Point-to-point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steeplechase_(horse_racing)" title="Steeplechase (horse racing)">Steeplechase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoroughbred_horse_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Thoroughbred horse racing">Thoroughbred horse racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_horse_racing" title="List of films about horse racing">Films about horse racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horse_racing_venues" title="List of horse racing venues">List of horse racing venues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horse_racing_venues_by_capacity" title="List of horse racing venues by capacity">by capacity</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Team sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buzkashi" title="Buzkashi">Buzkashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_polo" title="Cowboy polo">Cowboy polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_drill_team" title="Equestrian drill team">Equestrian drill team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escaramuza_charra" title="Escaramuza charra">Escaramuza charra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_(performance)" title="Fantasia (performance)">Fantasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jereed" title="Jereed">Jereed</a> (cirit)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mata_(performance)" title="Mata (performance)">Mata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pato" title="Pato">Pato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polocrosse" title="Polocrosse">Polocrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_chasing" title="Team chasing">Team chasing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games with horses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrel_racing" title="Barrel racing">Barrel racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrera_de_cintas" title="Carrera de cintas">Carrera de cintas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrida_de_sortija" title="Corrida de sortija">Corrida de sortija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzhigitovka" class="mw-redirect" title="Dzhigitovka">Dzhigitovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equine_agility" title="Equine agility">Equine agility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Er_Enish" title="Er Enish">Er Enish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymkhana_(equestrian)" title="Gymkhana (equestrian)">Gymkhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyhole_race" title="Keyhole race">Keyhole race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyz_kuu" title="Kyz kuu">Kyz kuu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymkhana_(equestrian)" title="Gymkhana (equestrian)">O-Mok-See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pole_bending" title="Pole bending">Pole bending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potato_race" title="Potato race">Potato race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjska_alka" title="Sinjska alka">Sinjska alka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skijoring" title="Skijoring">Skijoring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Driving_(horse)" title="Driving (horse)">Driving</a> sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ban%27ei" title="Ban'ei">Ban'ei racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carriage_driving" title="Carriage driving">Carriage driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuckwagon_racing" title="Chuckwagon racing">Chuckwagon racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draft_horse_showing" title="Draft horse showing">Draft horse showing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine_harness" title="Fine harness">Fine harness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_pulling" title="Horse pulling">Horse pulling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasure_driving" title="Pleasure driving">Pleasure driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadster_(horse)" title="Roadster (horse)">Roadster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scurry_driving" class="mw-redirect" title="Scurry driving">Scurry driving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Working stock sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acoso_y_derribo" title="Acoso y derribo">Acoso y derribo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_rodeo" title="Australian rodeo">Australian rodeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakaway_roping" title="Breakaway roping">Breakaway roping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronc_riding" title="Bronc riding">Bronc riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calf_roping" title="Calf roping">Calf roping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campdrafting" title="Campdrafting">Campdrafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charrer%C3%ADa" title="Charrería">Charrería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_rodeo" title="Chilean rodeo">Chilean rodeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleo" title="Coleo">Coleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutting_(sport)" title="Cutting (sport)">Cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deporte_de_lazo" title="Deporte de lazo">Deporte de lazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goat_tying" title="Goat tying">Goat tying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jineteada_gaucha" title="Jineteada gaucha">Jineteada gaucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranch_sorting" title="Ranch sorting">Ranch sorting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodeo" title="Rodeo">Rodeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steer_wrestling" title="Steer wrestling">Steer wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_penning" title="Team penning">Team penning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_roping" title="Team roping">Team roping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_cow_horse" title="Working cow horse">Working cow horse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weaponry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_mounted_shooting" title="Cowboy mounted shooting">Cowboy mounted shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jousting" title="Jousting">Jousting</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mounted archery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yabusame" title="Yabusame">Yabusame</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasola" title="Pasola">Pasola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pig_sticking" class="mw-redirect" title="Pig sticking">Pig sticking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Horse_show" title="Horse show">Horse show</a> and<br />exhibition disciplines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_dressage" title="Classical dressage">Classical dressage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_pleasure" title="English pleasure">English pleasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halter_(horse_show)" title="Halter (horse show)">Halter (horse show)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_showmanship" title="Horse showmanship">Horse showmanship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunt_seat" title="Hunt seat">Hunt seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddle_seat" title="Saddle seat">Saddle seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show_hack" title="Show hack">Show hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show_hunter" title="Show hunter">Show hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show_hunter_(British)" title="Show hunter (British)">Show hunter (British)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidesaddle" title="Sidesaddle">Sidesaddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_riding_stunts" class="mw-redirect" title="Horse riding stunts">Stunt riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_(horse_show)" title="Trail (horse show)">Trail (horse show)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_dressage" title="Western dressage">Western dressage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_pleasure" title="Western pleasure">Western pleasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_riding_(horse_show)" title="Western riding (horse show)">Western riding (horse show)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional and<br />breed-specific disciplines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camargue_equitation" title="Camargue equitation">Camargue equitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doma_menorquina" title="Doma menorquina">Doma menorquina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doma_vaquera" title="Doma vaquera">Doma vaquera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_equitation" title="Icelandic equitation">Icelandic equitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_equitation" title="Working equitation">Working equitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Field sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cavalcade" title="Cavalcade">Cavalcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competitive_trail_riding" class="mw-redirect" title="Competitive trail riding">Competitive trail riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-country_riding" title="Cross-country riding">Cross-country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hunter" title="Field hunter">Field hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_hunting" title="Fox hunting">Fox hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_pacing" title="Hunter pacing">Hunter pacing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mounted_orienteering" title="Mounted orienteering">Mounted orienteering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasure_riding" title="Pleasure riding">Pleasure riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_riding" title="Trail riding">Trail riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techniques_de_Randonn%C3%A9e_%C3%89questre_de_Comp%C3%A9tition" title="Techniques de Randonnée Équestre de Compétition">TREC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_horses" title="List of historical horses">List of historical horses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_equestrianism" title="Women in equestrianism">Women in equestrianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mounted_archery&oldid=1248969294">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mounted_archery&oldid=1248969294</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Animals_in_sport" title="Category:Animals in sport">Animals in sport</a></li><li><a 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