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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Operations_and_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1996–1999" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1996–1999"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1996–1999</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1996–1999-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000–2009" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000–2009"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>2000–2009</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000–2009-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010–2020" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010–2020"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>2010–2020</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010–2020-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>End of service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alexa_Traffic_Rank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alexa_Traffic_Rank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Alexa Traffic Rank</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alexa_Traffic_Rank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tracking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tracking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tracking</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tracking-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tracking subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tracking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Browser_extensions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Browser_extensions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Browser extensions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Browser_extensions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Toolbar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toolbar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Toolbar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toolbar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Search_Status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Search_Status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1.1</span> <span>Search Status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Search_Status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Certified_statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Certified_statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Certified statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Certified_statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alexa Internet</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 70 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">70 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%A7_%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA" title="أليكسا إنترنت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أليكسا إنترنت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa" title="Alexa – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Alexa" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F" title="অ্যালেক্সা ইন্টারনেট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যালেক্সা ইন্টারনেট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Алекса Интернет – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алекса Интернет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="अलेक्सा इन्टरनेट – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="अलेक्सा इन्टरनेट" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA" title="الکسا اینترنت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الکسا اینترنت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%A0%89%EC%82%AC_%EC%9D%B8%ED%84%B0%EB%84%B7" title="알렉사 인터넷 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알렉사 인터넷" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B2)" title="एलेक्सा (जालस्थल) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एलेक्सा (जालस्थल)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%94_(%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A8_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%98)" title="אלכסה (אתר אינטרנט) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלכסה (אתר אינטרנט)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="अलेक्सा इन्टरनेट – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="अलेक्सा इन्टरनेट" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="അലക്സ ഇന്റർനെറ്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അലക്സ ഇന്റർനെറ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA" title="اليكسا انترنت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اليكسا انترنت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9C%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="အဲလက်စ်ဆာ အင်တာနက် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အဲလက်စ်ဆာ အင်တာနက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="अलेक्सा इन्टरनेट – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अलेक्सा इन्टरनेट" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="アレクサ・インターネット – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アレクサ・インターネット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%B9" title="الیکسا انٹرنیٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="الیکسا انٹرنیٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%90%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%BC%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%90%D9%BC" title="الېکسا انټرنېټ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="الېکسا انټرنېټ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa" title="Alexa – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Alexa" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%BD%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%BD" title="اليگزا انٽرنيٽ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اليگزا انٽرنيٽ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%DB%8E%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8E%D8%AA" title="ئەلێکسا ئینتەرنێت – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەلێکسا ئینتەرنێت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="அலெக்சா இணையம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அலெக்சா இணையம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2" title="อเล็กซา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อเล็กซา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa" title="Alexa – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alexa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%B9" title="الیکسا انٹرنیٹ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="الیکسا انٹرنیٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Alexa Internet" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q230051#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American web traffic analysis company (1996–2022)</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For Amazon's virtual assistant, see <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Alexa" title="Amazon Alexa">Amazon Alexa</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Alexa Internet, Inc.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexa_Internet_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Alexa_Internet_logo.svg/220px-Alexa_Internet_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Alexa_Internet_logo.svg/330px-Alexa_Internet_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Alexa_Internet_logo.svg/440px-Alexa_Internet_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Screenshots_of_Alexa_internet.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Screenshots_of_Alexa_internet.PNG/220px-Screenshots_of_Alexa_internet.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Screenshots_of_Alexa_internet.PNG/330px-Screenshots_of_Alexa_internet.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Screenshots_of_Alexa_internet.PNG/440px-Screenshots_of_Alexa_internet.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="708" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Alexa home page as of May 1, 2022</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Type of site</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Web traffic and ranking</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, California, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brewster_Kahle" title="Brewster Kahle">Brewster Kahle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Gilliat" title="Bruce Gilliat">Bruce Gilliat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Andrew Ramm<sup id="cite_ref-Management_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Management-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Key people</th><td class="infobox-data">Andrew Ramm (president and GM)<br />Dave Sherfese (vice president)<sup id="cite_ref-Management_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Management-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Web_traffic" title="Web traffic">Web traffic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Product_(business)" title="Product (business)">Products</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Alexa <a href="/wiki/Web_search_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Web search engine">Web Search</a> (discontinued 2008)<br />Alexa <a href="/wiki/Toolbar" title="Toolbar">toolbar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">URL</th><td class="infobox-data url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220101163152/https://www.alexa.com/login">alexa.com (archived)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Registration</th><td class="infobox-data">Optional</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data">April 1, 1996<span class="noprint">; 28 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1996-04-01</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-about_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Current status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Discontinued (as of May 1, 2022<span class="noprint">; 2 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">2022-05-01</span>)</span>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Alexa Internet, Inc.</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Web_traffic" title="Web traffic">web traffic</a> analysis company based in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>. It was founded as an independent company by <a href="/wiki/Brewster_Kahle" title="Brewster Kahle">Brewster Kahle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Gilliat" title="Bruce Gilliat">Bruce Gilliat</a> in 1996. Alexa provided web traffic data, global rankings, and other information on over 30 million websites.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was acquired by <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a> in 1999 for $250 million in stock.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amazon discontinued the Alexa Internet service on May 1, 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-end_news_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-end_news-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-end_of_service_announcement_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-end_of_service_announcement-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alexa estimated website traffic based on a sample of millions of Internet users using browser extensions as well as from sites that had chosen to install an Alexa script.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2020, its website was visited by over 400 million people every month.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operations_and_history">Operations and history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexa_Internet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Operations and history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1996–1999"><span id="1996.E2.80.931999"></span>1996–1999</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexa_Internet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1996–1999"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alexa Internet was founded in April 1996 by <a href="/wiki/Brewster_Kahle" title="Brewster Kahle">Brewster Kahle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Gilliat" title="Bruce Gilliat">Bruce Gilliat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company's name was chosen in homage to the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Alexandria" title="Library of Alexandria">Library of Alexandria</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic Egypt</a>, drawing a parallel between the largest repository of knowledge in the ancient world and the potential of the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> to become a similar store of knowledge.<sup id="cite_ref-gift2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gift2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alexa initially offered a toolbar that gave Internet users suggestions on where to go next based on the traffic patterns of its user community. The company also offered context for each site visited: to whom it was registered, how many pages it had, how many other sites pointed to it, and how frequently it was updated.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alexa's operations grew to include the archiving of web pages as they are <a href="/wiki/Web_crawler" title="Web crawler">"crawled"</a> and examined by an automated computer program (nicknamed a "bot" or "web crawler").<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This database served as the basis for the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>, accessible through the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998, the company donated a copy of the archive, two <a href="/wiki/Terabyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Terabyte">terabytes</a> in size, to the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gift2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gift2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alexa continued to supply the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> with web crawls. In 1999, as the company moved away from its original vision of providing an "intelligent" <a href="/wiki/Search_engine" title="Search engine">search engine</a>, Alexa was acquired by Amazon.com for approximately US$250 million in Amazon <a href="/wiki/Stock" title="Stock">stock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000–2009"><span id="2000.E2.80.932009"></span>2000–2009</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexa_Internet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 2000–2009"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alexa began a partnership with <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> in early 2002 and with the web directory <a href="/wiki/DMOZ" title="DMOZ">DMOZ</a> in January 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-about2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2005, Alexa opened its extensive <a href="/wiki/Search_engine_indexing" title="Search engine indexing">search index</a> and <a href="/wiki/Web_crawler" title="Web crawler">Web-crawling</a> facilities to third-party programs through a comprehensive set of <a href="/wiki/Web_service" title="Web service">Web services</a> and <a href="/wiki/Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">APIs</a>. These could be used, for instance, to construct <a href="/wiki/Vertical_search" title="Vertical search">vertical search</a> engines that could run on Alexa's servers or elsewhere. In May 2006, Google was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Bing_(search_engine)#Windows_Live_Search" class="mw-redirect" title="Bing (search engine)">Windows Live Search</a> as a provider of search results.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2006, Amazon released Alexa Image Search. Built in-house, it was the first major application built on the company's Web platform. In May 2007, Alexa changed their API to limit comparisons to three websites, reduce the size of embedded graphs in <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash">Flash</a>, and add mandatory embedded BritePic advertisements. </p><p>In April 2007, the company filed a lawsuit, <i>Alexa v. Hornbaker,</i> to stop <a href="/wiki/Trademark_infringement" title="Trademark infringement">trademark infringement</a> by the Statsaholic service.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the lawsuit, Alexa alleged that Ron Hornbaker was stealing traffic graphs for profit and that the primary purpose of his site was to display graphs that were generated by Alexa's servers.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hornbaker had removed the term <i>Alexa</i> from his service name on March 19, 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 27, 2008, Amazon announced that Alexa Web Search was no longer accepting new customers and that the service would be deprecated or discontinued for existing customers on January 26, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thereafter, Alexa became a purely analytics-focused company. </p><p>On March 31, 2009, Alexa revealed a major website redesign. The redesigned site provided new web traffic metrics, including average page views per individual user, <a href="/wiki/Bounce_rate" title="Bounce rate">bounce rate</a> (the rate of users who come to and then leave a webpage), and user time on the <a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">website</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the following weeks, Alexa added more features, including visitor demographics, <a href="/wiki/Clickstream" class="mw-redirect" title="Clickstream">clickstream</a>, and web search traffic statistics.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010–2020"><span id="2010.E2.80.932020"></span>2010–2020</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexa_Internet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2010–2020"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During this period, Alexa's algorithm had been evolving along with it. Statistics projection and the use of their technology associated with a large network of certificated websites allowed them to keep ahead of the website traffic metrics around the world. Because of this, many large sites were using it as the main reference for popularity on the internet. </p><p>On November 6, 2014, Amazon announced <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Alexa" title="Amazon Alexa">Amazon Alexa</a>, their <a href="/wiki/Virtual_assistant" title="Virtual assistant">virtual assistant</a>. Amazon already had trademarks for <i>Alexa</i> due to their ownership of Alexa Internet, Inc.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="End_of_service">End of service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexa_Internet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: End of service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On December 8, 2021, Amazon announced the cessation of its website ranking and competitive analysis service, which has been available to the public for more than 25 years. From that day on, it was no longer possible to create accounts or buy subscriptions on the service. The statement first published on its website specifies the total cessation of the service as of May 1, 2022. Existing subscriptions would be available until May 1, 2022, UTC, after which everything on the site would be removed and replaced with an "End of Service Notice".<sup id="cite_ref-end_news_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-end_news-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-end_of_service_announcement_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-end_of_service_announcement-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The alexa.com domain is now a landing page for <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Alexa" title="Amazon Alexa">Amazon Alexa</a> products.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alexa_Traffic_Rank">Alexa Traffic Rank</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexa_Internet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Alexa Traffic Rank"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A key <a href="/wiki/Metric_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metric (unit)">metric</a> published from Alexa Internet <a href="/wiki/Analytics" title="Analytics">analytics</a> was the Alexa Traffic Rank, also simply known as Alexa Rank. It was also referred to as <i>Global Rank</i> by Alexa Internet and was designed to be an estimate of a website's popularity. As of May 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexa_Internet&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Alexa Internet's tooltip for Global Rank said the rank is calculated from a combination of daily visitors and page views on a website over a three-month period.<sup id="cite_ref-siteinfoWikipedia2_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siteinfoWikipedia2-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Alexa Traffic Rank could be used to monitor the popularity trend of a website and compare the popularity of different websites.<sup id="cite_ref-SaleOpt2_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SaleOpt2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The traffic rank used to be determined from data recollected from users that had the Alexa toolbar installed on their browser. As of 2020, Alexa did not use a toolbar; instead, it used data from users that had installed any of a number of browser extensions and from websites that had the Alexa script installed on their webpages.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tracking">Tracking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexa_Internet&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Tracking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Browser_extensions">Browser extensions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexa_Internet&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Browser extensions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alexa replaced their toolbar with browser extensions. These extensions were made available for Google Chrome and Firefox browsers. The Alexa browser extension displayed the Alexa Traffic Rank for websites, showed related websites, provided search analytics, and quickly allowed users to view the Internet Archive through the Wayback Machine.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were last updated in May 2020, two years prior to the service's closure. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Toolbar">Toolbar</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexa_Internet&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Toolbar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alexa used to rank sites based primarily on tracking a sample set of Internet traffic—users of its <a href="/wiki/Browser_toolbar" title="Browser toolbar">browser toolbar</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Google Chrome</a> web browsers.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-davis2_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davis2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Alexa Toolbar included a <a href="/wiki/Popup_blocker" class="mw-redirect" title="Popup blocker">popup blocker</a> (which stops unwanted ads), a search box, links to <a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon.com</a> and the Alexa homepage, and the Alexa ranking of the website that the user is visiting. It also allowed the user to rate the website and view links to external, relevant websites. In early 2005, Alexa stated that there had been 10 million downloads of the toolbar, though the company did not provide statistics about active usage. Originally, web pages were only ranked amongst users who had the Alexa Toolbar installed, and could be biased if a specific audience subgroup was reluctant to take part in the rankings. This caused some controversies over how representative Alexa's user base was of typical Internet behavior,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> especially for less-visited sites.<sup id="cite_ref-davis2_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davis2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Arrington" title="Michael Arrington">Michael Arrington</a> provided examples of Alexa rankings known to contradict data from the <a href="/wiki/ComScore" class="mw-redirect" title="ComScore">comScore</a> <a href="/wiki/Web_analytics" title="Web analytics">web analytics</a> service, including ranking <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> ahead of Google.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021 John Mueller from Google confirmed again that Google does not use Amazon Alexa Rank.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Search_Status">Search Status</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexa_Internet&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Search Status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until 2007, a <a href="/wiki/Third-party_developer" class="mw-redirect" title="Third-party developer">third-party</a>-supplied <a href="/wiki/Add-on_(Mozilla)#Plug-ins" title="Add-on (Mozilla)">Mozilla plug-in</a> called Search Status for the <a href="/wiki/Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a> browser<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> served as the only option for Firefox users after Amazon abandoned its <a href="/wiki/A9.com" title="A9.com">A9</a> toolbar.<sup id="cite_ref-a92_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a92-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 16, 2007, Alexa released an official toolbar for Firefox called Sparky.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparky2_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparky2-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 16 April 2008, many users reported drastic shifts in their Alexa rankings. Alexa confirmed this later in the day with an announcement that they had released an updated ranking system, claiming that they would now take into account more sources of data "beyond Alexa Toolbar users".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Certified_statistics">Certified statistics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexa_Internet&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Certified statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Using the Alexa Pro service, website owners could sign up for "certified statistics", which allowed Alexa more access to a website's traffic data.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Site owners input <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> code on each page of their website that, if permitted by the user's security and privacy settings, ran and sent traffic data to Alexa, allowing Alexa to display—or not display, depending on the owner's preference—more accurate statistics such as total page views and unique page views. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexa_Internet&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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most visited websites">List of most visited websites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_search_engines" title="List of search engines">List of search engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_web_directories" title="List of web directories">List of web directories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Similarweb" title="Similarweb">Similarweb</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexa_Internet&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Management-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Management_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Management_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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Sales@Optimize. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171116150113/https://www.salesoptimize.com/improve-your-alexa-ranking/">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+%26+Why+to+Improve+Your+Alexa+Ranking&rft.pub=Sales%40Optimize&rft.date=2018-05-10&rft.aulast=Fulham&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.salesoptimize.com%2Fimprove-your-alexa-ranking%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexa+Internet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201026074526/https://www.alexa.com/about">"Alexa - Alexa Internet - About Us"</a>. www.alexa.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alexa.com/about">the original</a> on October 26, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alexa+-+Alexa+Internet+-+About+Us&rft.pub=www.alexa.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alexa.com%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexa+Internet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYesbeck2014" class="citation web cs1">Yesbeck, Jennifer (October 1, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200706042009/https://blog.alexa.com/alexa-panel-increase/">"Alexa Increases its Global Traffic Panel"</a>. <i>Alexa Blog</i>. 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O'Reilly Media. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/googleadvertisin00davi/page/12">12</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-596-10108-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-596-10108-4"><bdi>978-0-596-10108-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Google+Advertising+Tools%3A+Cashing+in+with+AdSense%2C+Adwords%2C+and+the+Google+APIs&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=O%27Reilly+Media&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-596-10108-4&rft.au=Harold+Davis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgoogleadvertisin00davi%2Fpage%2F12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexa+Internet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlistair_CrollSeán_Power2009" class="citation book cs1">Alistair Croll; Seán Power (2009). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/completewebmonit00crol_895"><i>Complete Web Monitoring: Watching Your Visitors, Performance, Communities, and Competitors</i></a></span>. 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Alexa Is Useless"</a>. TechCrunch. 2007. Retrieved June 21, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurari" class="citation web cs1">Murari, Krishna. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theseotoday.com/2021/10/domain-authority-and-alexa-rank.html">"Google Do Not Use Domain Authority And Alexa Rank | The Seo Today"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quirk.biz/searchstatus/">the original</a> on June 27, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SearchStatus%3A+A+Search+Extension+for+Firefox+and+SeaMonkey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.quirk.biz%2Fsearchstatus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexa+Internet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-a92-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-a92_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://toolbar.a9.com/">Home</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080608183909/http://toolbar.a9.com/">Archived</a> June 8, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. A9.com. Retrieved June 24, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sparky2-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sparky2_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://awis.blogspot.com/2007/07/sparky-add-on-for-firefox-released.html">"Sparky Add-on for Firefox Released Today"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070729134152/http://awis.blogspot.com/2007/07/sparky-add-on-for-firefox-released.html">Archived</a> July 29, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Alexa Blog. July 16, 2007. Retrieved June 24, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alexa.com/site/company/announcement">"Alexa Announcement"</a>. Alexa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080424144640/https://www.alexa.com/site/company/announcement">Archived</a> from the original on April 24, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alexa+Announcement&rft.pub=Alexa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alexa.com%2Fsite%2Fcompany%2Fannouncement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexa+Internet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2008/04/16/alexa-overhauls-ranking-system">"Alexa Overhauls Ranking System"</a>. TechCrunch. April 16, 2008. Retrieved December 1, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141230145536/http://www.alexa.com/pro/digital_marketer">"Alexa Pro for Digital Marketers"</a>. Alexa. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alexa.com/pro/digital_marketer">the original</a> on December 30, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alexa+Pro+for+Digital+Marketers&rft.pub=Alexa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alexa.com%2Fpro%2Fdigital_marketer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexa+Internet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexa_Internet&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/60px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/80px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a> has the property: <ul><li><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/6px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /></span></span> <b><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property_talk:P1661" class="extiw" title="d:Property talk:P1661">Alexa rank (P1661)</a></i></b> (see <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikidata_item_%20%3FWikidata_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikidata_item_%20wdt%3AP1661%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20P1661%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20Wikidata%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikidata_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20English%20Wikipedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22en%22%20is%20English.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000">uses</a></span>)</li></ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Alexa_Internet" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Alexa Internet">Alexa Internet</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alexa.com/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230051#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Amazon" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Amazon" title="Template:Amazon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Amazon" title="Template talk:Amazon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Amazon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Amazon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Amazon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a> (Founder and Executive Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Jassy" title="Andy Jassy">Andy Jassy</a> (President and CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Vogels" title="Werner Vogels">Werner Vogels</a> (CTO)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Dalzell" title="Rick Dalzell">Rick Dalzell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Davis_(programmer)" title="Paul Davis (programmer)">Paul Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Hsieh" title="Tony Hsieh">Tony Hsieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_North_(businessman)" title="Christopher North (businessman)">Christopher North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Shriram" title="Ram Shriram">Ram Shriram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Szkutak" title="Tom Szkutak">Tom Szkutak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Valentine" title="Brian Valentine">Brian Valentine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Amazon_locations" title="List of Amazon locations">List of Amazon locations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doppler_(building)" title="Doppler (building)">Doppler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_1_(building)" title="Day 1 (building)">Day 1</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amazon_HQ2" title="Amazon HQ2">HQ2</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principal_Place" title="Principal Place">Principal Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Spheres" title="Amazon Spheres">Spheres</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bellevue_600" title="Bellevue 600">Bellevue 600</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products and<br />services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A9.com" title="A9.com">A9.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AbeBooks" title="AbeBooks">AbeBooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Clinic" title="Amazon Clinic">Amazon Clinic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Games" title="Amazon Games">Amazon Games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_Helix_Games" title="Double Helix Games">Double Helix Games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Lab126" title="Amazon Lab126">Amazon Lab126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Pharmacy" title="Amazon Pharmacy">Amazon Pharmacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Robotics" title="Amazon Robotics">Amazon Robotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_University_Esports" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon University Esports">Amazon University Esports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annapurna_Labs" title="Annapurna Labs">Annapurna Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audible_(service)" title="Audible (service)">Audible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blink_Home" title="Blink Home">Blink Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_Labs" title="Body Labs">Body Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_Depository" title="Book Depository">Book Depository</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BookFinder.com" title="BookFinder.com">BookFinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ComiXology" title="ComiXology">ComiXology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Freevee" title="Amazon Freevee">Freevee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AmazonFresh" class="mw-redirect" title="AmazonFresh">Fresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodreads" title="Goodreads">Goodreads</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goodreads_Choice_Awards" title="Goodreads Choice Awards">Goodreads Choice Awards</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphiq" title="Graphiq">Graphiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMDb#IMDbPro" title="IMDb">IMDbPro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuiper_Systems" title="Kuiper Systems">Kuiper Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1Life_Healthcare" class="mw-redirect" title="1Life Healthcare">One Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PillPack" title="PillPack">PillPack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_(company)" title="Ring (company)">Ring</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neighbors_(app)" title="Neighbors (app)">Neighbors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopbop" title="Shopbop">Shopbop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souq.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Souq.com">Souq.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitch_(service)" title="Twitch (service)">Twitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woot" title="Woot">Woot.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zappos" title="Zappos">Zappos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoox_(company)" title="Zoox (company)">Zoox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cloud<br />computing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Web Services</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Machine_Image" title="Amazon Machine Image">AMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Aurora" title="Amazon Aurora">Amazon Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AWS_Elastic_Beanstalk" title="AWS Elastic Beanstalk">Beanstalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_CloudFront" title="Amazon CloudFront">CloudFront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_DynamoDB" title="Amazon DynamoDB">DynamoDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Elastic_Block_Store" title="Amazon Elastic Block Store">EBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Elastic_Compute_Cloud" title="Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud">EC2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Elastic_File_System" title="Amazon Elastic File System">EFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_ElastiCache" title="Amazon ElastiCache">ElastiCache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Elastic_MapReduce" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Elastic MapReduce">EMR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Glacier" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Glacier">Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AWS_Glue" title="AWS Glue">Glue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AWS_Lambda" title="AWS Lambda">Lambda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Lightsail" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Lightsail">Lightsail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Mechanical_Turk" title="Amazon Mechanical Turk">MTurk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Neptune" title="Amazon Neptune">Neptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Product_Advertising_API" title="Amazon Product Advertising API">Product Advertising API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Relational_Database_Service" title="Amazon Relational Database Service">RDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Redshift" title="Amazon Redshift">Redshift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Rekognition" title="Amazon Rekognition">Rekognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Route_53" title="Amazon Route 53">Route 53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_S3" title="Amazon S3">S3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_SageMaker" title="Amazon SageMaker">SageMaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">SES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Simple_Notification_Service" title="Amazon Simple Notification Service">SNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_SimpleDB" title="Amazon SimpleDB">SimpleDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Simple_Queue_Service" title="Amazon Simple Queue Service">SQS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Virtual_Private_Cloud" title="Amazon Virtual Private Cloud">VPC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)#Website" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon.com</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_China" title="Amazon China">China</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Alexa" title="Amazon Alexa">Alexa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Appstore" title="Amazon Appstore">Appstore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Digital_Game_Store" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Digital Game Store">Digital Game Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_OS" title="Fire OS">Fire OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindle_Store" title="Kindle Store">Kindle Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Luna" title="Amazon Luna">Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Pay" title="Amazon Pay">Payments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime" title="Amazon Prime">Prime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_miniTV" title="Amazon miniTV">Amazon miniTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MX_Player" title="MX Player">MX Player</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Key" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Key">Key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Prime Music">Prime Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Now" title="Prime Now">Prime Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Pantry" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Prime Pantry">Prime Pantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Amazon Prime Video">Prime Video</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sports_on_Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Sports on Amazon Prime Video">Sports</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Marketplace" title="Amazon Marketplace">Marketplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Music" title="Amazon Music">Music</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wondery" title="Wondery">Wondery</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Silk" title="Amazon Silk">Silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)#AmazonWireless" title="Amazon (company)">Wireless</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Devices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Astro" title="Amazon Astro">Astro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Echo" title="Amazon Echo">Echo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Echo_Show" title="Amazon Echo Show">Show</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Echo_Buds" title="Amazon Echo Buds">Echo Buds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Fire" title="Amazon Fire">Fire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fire_HD" title="Fire HD">Fire HD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_HDX" title="Fire HDX">Fire HDX</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Fire_TV" title="Amazon Fire TV">Fire TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Fire_TV#Fire_TV_Stick" title="Amazon Fire TV">Stick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Kindle" title="Amazon Kindle">Kindle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1-Click" title="1-Click">1-Click</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamo_(storage_system)" title="Dynamo (storage system)">Dynamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obidos_(software)" title="Obidos (software)">Obidos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Lumberyard" title="Amazon Lumberyard">Lumberyard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Games" title="Amazon Games">Amazon Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Publishing" title="Amazon Publishing">Amazon Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Breakthrough_Novel_Award" title="Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award">Breakthrough Novel Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon%27s_Best_Books_of_the_Year" title="Amazon's Best Books of the Year">Best Books of the Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_MGM_Studios" title="Amazon MGM Studios">Amazon MGM Studios</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists">United Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Pictures" title="Orion Pictures">Orion Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_International_Pictures" title="American International Pictures">American International Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM%2B" title="MGM+">MGM+</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindle_Direct_Publishing" title="Kindle Direct Publishing">Kindle Direct Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YES_Network" title="YES Network">YES Network</a> (15%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Fresh" title="Amazon Fresh">Amazon Fresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Go" title="Amazon Go">Amazon Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole_Foods_Market" title="Whole Foods Market">Whole Foods Market</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Logistics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Air" title="Amazon Air">Amazon Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Air" title="Amazon Prime Air">Amazon Prime Air</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/43_Things" title="43 Things">43 Things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Askville" title="Askville">Askville</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alexa Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amapedia" title="Amapedia">Amapedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Books" title="Amazon Books">Amazon Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amie_Street" title="Amie Street">Amie Street</a> (<a href="/wiki/Songza" title="Songza">Songza</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDNow" title="CDNow">CDNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Dash" title="Amazon Dash">Dash buttons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Dash#Barcode_scanner" title="Amazon Dash">Dash wand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diapers.com" title="Diapers.com">Diapers.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Photography_Review" title="Digital Photography Review">Digital Photography Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Drive" title="Amazon Drive">Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endless.com" title="Endless.com">Endless.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_Phone" title="Fire Phone">Fire Phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexcycle" title="Lexcycle">Lexcycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquavista" title="Liquavista">Liquavista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LivingSocial" title="LivingSocial">LivingSocial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LoveFilm" title="LoveFilm">LoveFilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM_Holdings" title="MGM Holdings">MGM Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobipocket" title="Mobipocket">Mobipocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlanetAll" title="PlanetAll">PlanetAll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflexive_Entertainment" title="Reflexive Entertainment">Reflexive Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sellaband" title="Sellaband">Sellaband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelfari" title="Shelfari">Shelfari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TenMarks_Education,_Inc." title="TenMarks Education, Inc.">TenMarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasure_Truck" title="Treasure Truck">Treasure Truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withoutabox" title="Withoutabox">Withoutabox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Litigation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Perfect_10,_Inc._v._Amazon.com,_Inc." title="Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc.">Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amazon.com,_Inc._v._Barnesandnoble.com,_Inc." title="Amazon.com, Inc. v. Barnesandnoble.com, Inc.">Amazon.com, Inc. v. Barnesandnoble.com, Inc.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amazon.com_Inc_v_Canada_(Commissioner_of_Patents)" title="Amazon.com Inc v Canada (Commissioner of Patents)">Amazon.com Inc v Canada (Commissioner of Patents)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FTC_v._Amazon" title="FTC v. Amazon">FTC v. Amazon</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Light" title="Amazon Light">Amazon Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number" title="Amazon Standard Identification Number">ASIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Banana_Stand" title="Community Banana Stand">Community Banana Stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Amazon" title="Criticism of Amazon">Criticism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Amazon_tax" title="Amazon tax">tax</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Fishbowl" title="Amazon Fishbowl">Fishbowl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Amazon" title="History of Amazon">History of Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LibraryThing" title="LibraryThing">LibraryThing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Amazon_brands" title="List of Amazon brands">List of Amazon brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Amazon_products_and_services" title="List of Amazon products and services">List of Amazon products and services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Amazon" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Amazon">List of mergers and acquisitions by Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Locker" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Locker">Locker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacKenzie_Scott" title="MacKenzie Scott">MacKenzie Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistically_improbable_phrase" title="Statistically improbable phrase">Statistically improbable phrase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Vine" title="Amazon Vine">Vine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_worker_organization" title="Amazon worker organization">Worker organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Essential_Workers" title="Congress of Essential Workers">Congress of Essential Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Labor_Union" title="Amazon Labor Union">Amazon Labor Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Amazon_(company)" title="Category:Amazon (company)">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230051#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230051#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230051#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/130374809">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2001062539">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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