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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Extinct genus of reptiles</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><i>Variodens</i><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <a href="/wiki/Late_Triassic" title="Late Triassic">Late Triassic</a>, <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">247–242 <a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"> <div style="position:absolute; left:136.4px; font-size:50%"><div style="position:relative; left:-0.42em">↓</div></div> </div> </div></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Variodens" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">Reptilia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Archosauromorpha" title="Archosauromorpha">Archosauromorpha</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Allokotosauria" title="Allokotosauria">Allokotosauria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Trilophosauridae" title="Trilophosauridae">Trilophosauria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Trilophosauridae" title="Trilophosauridae">Trilophosauridae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Variodens</i></a><br /><small>Robinson, <a href="/wiki/1957_in_paleontology" title="1957 in paleontology">1957</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">Type species</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><b>Variodens inopinatus</b></i><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Robinson, 1957</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Variodens</b></i> is an <a href="/wiki/Extinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinct">extinct</a> <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Trilophosaur" class="mw-redirect" title="Trilophosaur">trilophosaur</a>. Fossils have been found from the <a href="/wiki/Emborough_Quarries" title="Emborough Quarries">Emborough Quarries</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mendip_Hills" title="Mendip Hills">Mendip Hills</a> of <a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. These fossils have been uncovered from a <a href="/wiki/Late_Triassic" title="Late Triassic">Late Triassic</a> fissure fill within <a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">Carboniferous</a>-age <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MPA87_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPA87-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">type</a> and only known <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> is <i>V. inopinatus</i>, named in 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-RPL57_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RPL57-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Variodens&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Variodens</i> is unusual among most reptiles in that it has a <a href="/wiki/Heterodont" title="Heterodont">heterodont</a> dentition consisting of different types of teeth. The five anteriormost teeth at the front of the jaw are simple and conical in shape. The cheek teeth toward the back of the jaw are wide and have several <a href="/wiki/Cusp_(dentistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cusp (dentistry)">cusps</a>. They are either <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tricuspid_(dentistry)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tricuspid (dentistry) (page does not exist)">tricuspid</a> or <a href="/wiki/Multicuspid" class="mw-redirect" title="Multicuspid">multicuspid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RPL57_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RPL57-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The anterior tricuspid teeth of <i>Variodens</i> are narrower medially (toward the inside of the mouth) than they are laterally (toward the outside of the mouth). <i>Variodens</i> also has distinctive bulbous-shaped <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penultimate_tooth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penultimate tooth (page does not exist)">penultimate teeth</a>. The teeth of <i>Variodens</i> are very similar to the <a href="/wiki/Postcanine" class="mw-redirect" title="Postcanine">postcanine</a> teeth of the <a href="/wiki/Cynodont" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynodont">cynodont</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Cricodon" title="Cricodon">Cricodon</a></i> from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Triassic" title="Middle Triassic">Middle Triassic</a> <a href="/wiki/Manda_Formation" title="Manda Formation">Manda Formation</a> of <a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MPA87_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPA87-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike other trilophosaurs, <i>Variodens</i> did not have an <a href="/wiki/Edentulism" class="mw-redirect" title="Edentulism">edentulous</a>, or toothless beak. Teeth are present throughout the jaw including its tip. This characteristic is also seen in some trilophosaurs from the <a href="/wiki/Dockum_Group" title="Dockum Group">Dockum Group</a> of the southwestern <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MPA86_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPA86-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Variodens&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Variodens</i> was named in 1957 and was classified as a trilophosaur along with the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Tricuspisaurus" title="Tricuspisaurus">Tricuspisaurus</a></i>, also newly described.<sup id="cite_ref-RPL57_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RPL57-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Variodens</i> is usually considered to be closely related to <i>Tricuspisaurus</i> as well as <i>Trilophosaurus jacobsi</i>, a possible species of <i>Trilophosaurus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-MPA87_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPA87-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Anisodontosaurus" title="Anisodontosaurus">Anisodontosaurus</a></i>, from the <a href="/wiki/Moenkopi_Formation" title="Moenkopi Formation">Moenkopi Formation</a>, may also be related to <i>Variodens</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-BD64_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BD64-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1993, paleontologists <a href="/wiki/Hans-Dieter_Sues" title="Hans-Dieter Sues">Hans-Dieter Sues</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_E._Olsen" title="Paul E. Olsen">Paul E. Olsen</a> classified <i>Variodens</i>, along with <i>Tricuspisaurus</i> and <i>Trilophosaurus jacobsi</i>, as a <a href="/wiki/Procolophonid" class="mw-redirect" title="Procolophonid">procolophonid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SO93_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SO93-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This reassignment was based on the close similarity between the tricuspid teeth of these trilophosaurs and those of the newly named procolophonid <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xenodiphyodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xenodiphyodon (page does not exist)">Xenodiphyodon</a></i>. Sues and Olsen also proposed a new generic name for <i>T. jacobsi</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Chinleogomphius" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinleogomphius">Chinleogomphius</a></i>, given that it was no longer considered to be related to <i>Trilophosaurus</i>. However, because <i>Variodens</i> and <i>Tricuspisaurus</i> are known primarily from teeth, it is difficult to determine their classification. The similarities between the teeth of <i>Variodens</i> and those of procolophonids may be <a href="/wiki/Convergent_evolution" title="Convergent evolution">convergent</a> adaptations to a herbivorous diet, and do not necessarily indicate a close relationship.<sup id="cite_ref-MPA87_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPA87-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More recently, new material belonging to <i>T. jacobsi</i> has been found, including a nearly complete left side of the skull that clearly shows that it belongs to the genus <i>Trilophosaurus</i> and is not a procolophonid. Since <i>Variodens</i> is thought to be closely related to <i>T. jacobsi</i>, it too is probably a trilophosaur rather than a procolophonid.<sup id="cite_ref-Hetal06_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hetal06-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whiteside & Duffin (2017) agreed with Robinson's original interpretation of <i>V. inopinatus</i> as a trilophosaur, noting that tooth implantation of the specimen (fragment of a left <a href="/wiki/Dentary" class="mw-redirect" title="Dentary">dentary</a>) described by the authors is ankylothecodont, as described for <i>Trilophosaurus</i> by Heckert <i>et al.</i> (2006).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Variodens&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-MPA87-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MPA87_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MPA87_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MPA87_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MPA87_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMurry1987" class="citation journal cs1">Murry, P.A. (1987). "New reptiles from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of Arizona". <i>Journal of Paleontology</i>. <b>61</b> (4): 773–786. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0022336000029127">10.1017/S0022336000029127</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Paleontology&rft.atitle=New+reptiles+from+the+Upper+Triassic+Chinle+Formation+of+Arizona&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=773-786&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0022336000029127&rft.aulast=Murry&rft.aufirst=P.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVariodens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RPL57-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RPL57_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RPL57_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RPL57_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson1957" class="citation journal cs1">Robinson, P.L. (1957). "An unusual sauropsid dentition". <i>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</i>. <b>43</b> (291): 283–293. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1096-3642.1957.tb01554.x">10.1111/j.1096-3642.1957.tb01554.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zoological+Journal+of+the+Linnean+Society&rft.atitle=An+unusual+sauropsid+dentition&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=291&rft.pages=283-293&rft.date=1957&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1096-3642.1957.tb01554.x&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=P.L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVariodens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MPA86-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MPA86_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurry1986" class="citation book cs1">Murry, P. A. (1986). "Vertebrate paleontology of the Dockum Group". In K. Padian (ed.). <i>The Beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 109–138.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Vertebrate+paleontology+of+the+Dockum+Group&rft.btitle=The+Beginning+of+the+Age+of+Dinosaurs&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=109-138&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Murry&rft.aufirst=P.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVariodens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BD64-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BD64_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaird1964" class="citation journal cs1">Baird, D. (1964). "Dockum (Late Triassic) reptile footprints from New Mexico". <i>Journal of Paleontology</i>. <b>38</b> (1): 118–125.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Paleontology&rft.atitle=Dockum+%28Late+Triassic%29+reptile+footprints+from+New+Mexico&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=118-125&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Baird&rft.aufirst=D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVariodens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SO93-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SO93_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuesOlsen,_P.E.1993" class="citation journal cs1">Sues, H.-D.; Olsen, P.E. (1993). "A new procolophonid and a new tetrapod of uncertain, possibly procolophonian affinities from the Upper Triassic of Virginia". <i>Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology</i>. <b>13</b> (3): 282–286. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02724634.1993.10011510">10.1080/02724634.1993.10011510</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Vertebrate+Paleontology&rft.atitle=A+new+procolophonid+and+a+new+tetrapod+of+uncertain%2C+possibly+procolophonian+affinities+from+the+Upper+Triassic+of+Virginia&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=282-286&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02724634.1993.10011510&rft.aulast=Sues&rft.aufirst=H.-D.&rft.au=Olsen%2C+P.E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVariodens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hetal06-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hetal06_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeckertLucas,_S.G.Rinehart,_L.F.Spielmann,_J.A.2006" class="citation journal cs1">Heckert, A.B.; Lucas, S.G.; Rinehart, L.F.; Spielmann, J.A.; Hunt, A.P.; Kahle, R. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/Heckert_Andrew_2006_Revision_of_the_Archosauromorph_orig.pdf.X.pdf">"Revision of the archosauromorph reptile <i>Trilophosaurus</i>, with a description of the first skull of <i>Trilophosaurus jacobsi</i>, from the Upper Triassic Chinle Group, West Texas, USA"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Palaeontology</i>. <b>49</b> (3): 621–640. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1475-4983.2006.00556.x">10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00556.x</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Palaeontology&rft.atitle=Revision+of+the+archosauromorph+reptile+Trilophosaurus%2C+with+a+description+of+the+first+skull+of+Trilophosaurus+jacobsi%2C+from+the+Upper+Triassic+Chinle+Group%2C+West+Texas%2C+USA&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=621-640&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1475-4983.2006.00556.x&rft.aulast=Heckert&rft.aufirst=A.B.&rft.au=Lucas%2C+S.G.&rft.au=Rinehart%2C+L.F.&rft.au=Spielmann%2C+J.A.&rft.au=Hunt%2C+A.P.&rft.au=Kahle%2C+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibres.uncg.edu%2Fir%2Fasu%2Ff%2FHeckert_Andrew_2006_Revision_of_the_Archosauromorph_orig.pdf.X.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVariodens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_I._Whiteside,_FLSChristopher_J._Duffin,_FLS2017" class="citation journal cs1">David I. Whiteside, FLS; Christopher J. Duffin, FLS (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fzoj.12458">"Late Triassic terrestrial microvertebrates from Charles Moore's <i>"Microlestes"</i> quarry, Holwell, Somerset, UK"</a>. <i>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</i>. <b>179</b> (3): 677–705. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fzoj.12458">10.1111/zoj.12458</a></span>.</cite><span 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Allokotosauria" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Allokotosauria" title="Template:Allokotosauria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Allokotosauria" title="Template talk:Allokotosauria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Allokotosauria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Allokotosauria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Allokotosauria" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Allokotosauria" title="Allokotosauria">Allokotosauria</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="*_Kingdom:_Animalia_*_Phylum:_Chordata_*_Class:_Sauropsida_*_Clade:_Archosauromorpha_*_Clade:_Crocopoda" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Sauropsida" title="Sauropsida">Sauropsida</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Archosauromorpha" title="Archosauromorpha">Archosauromorpha</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Crocopoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Crocopoda">Crocopoda</a></li></ul> </span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Sauropsida" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sauropsida" title="Sauropsida">Sauropsida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Sauropsida" title="Template:Sauropsida">Sauropsida</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archosauromorpha" title="Archosauromorpha">Archosauromorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Archosauromorpha" title="Template:Archosauromorpha">Archosauromorpha</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Allokotosauria" title="Allokotosauria">Allokotosauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#ddddff;font-size:115%"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Allokotosauria" title="Allokotosauria">Allokotosauria</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Allokotosauria" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Allokotosauria" title="Allokotosauria">Allokotosauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arctosaurus" title="Arctosaurus">Arctosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Drepanosaur" title="Drepanosaur">Drepanosauromorpha</a></b>?</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kuehneosauridae" title="Kuehneosauridae">Kuehneosauridae</a></b>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Azendohsauridae" title="Azendohsauridae">Azendohsauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Azendohsaurus" title="Azendohsaurus">Azendohsaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pamelaria" title="Pamelaria">Pamelaria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shringasaurus" title="Shringasaurus">Shringasaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malerisaurinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Malerisaurinae">Malerisaurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Malerisaurus" title="Malerisaurus">Malerisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Otischalkia" title="Otischalkia">Otischalkia</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Puercosuchus" title="Puercosuchus">Puercosuchus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trilophosauridae" title="Trilophosauridae">Trilophosauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anisodontosaurus" title="Anisodontosaurus">Anisodontosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coelodontognathus" title="Coelodontognathus">Coelodontognathus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doniceps" title="Doniceps">Doniceps</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rutiotomodon" title="Rutiotomodon">Rutiotomodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spinosuchus" title="Spinosuchus">Spinosuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Teraterpeton" title="Teraterpeton">Teraterpeton</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tricuspisaurus" title="Tricuspisaurus">Tricuspisaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trilophosaurus" title="Trilophosaurus">Trilophosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Variodens</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vitalia" title="Vitalia">Vitalia</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shringasaurus_indicus_reconstruction.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Shringasaurus indicus"><img alt="Shringasaurus indicus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Shringasaurus_indicus_reconstruction.png/120px-Shringasaurus_indicus_reconstruction.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Shringasaurus_indicus_reconstruction.png/180px-Shringasaurus_indicus_reconstruction.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Shringasaurus_indicus_reconstruction.png/240px-Shringasaurus_indicus_reconstruction.png 2x" data-file-width="1308" data-file-height="721" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Allokotosaurs" title="Category:Allokotosaurs">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Variodens</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915924" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q7915924">Q7915924</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/4818150">4818150</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1171390">1171390</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=4129901">4129901</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38203">38203</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Variodens&oldid=1223399571">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Variodens&oldid=1223399571</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trilophosaurs" title="Category:Trilophosaurs">Trilophosaurs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prehistoric_reptile_genera" title="Category:Prehistoric reptile genera">Prehistoric reptile genera</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Late_Triassic_reptiles_of_Europe" title="Category:Late Triassic reptiles of Europe">Late Triassic reptiles of Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Triassic_England" title="Category:Triassic England">Triassic England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fossils_of_England" title="Category:Fossils of England">Fossils of 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