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<span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bidet_shower" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bidet_shower"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Bidet shower</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bidet_shower-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conventional_or_standalone_bidet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conventional_or_standalone_bidet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Conventional or standalone bidet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conventional_or_standalone_bidet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Add-on_bidets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Add-on_bidets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Add-on bidets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Add-on_bidets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage_and_health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage_and_health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Usage and health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usage_and_health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_aspects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_aspects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Environmental aspects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_aspects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Society and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Society and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prevalence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prevalence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Prevalence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prevalence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A9" title="مرحضة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مرحضة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Биде – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Биде" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bidet" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bidet" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bidet" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bid%C3%A9" title="Bidé – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bidé" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bideo" title="Bideo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bideo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bidet" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%87" title="بیده – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بیده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidet_(meuble)" title="Bidet (meuble) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bidet (meuble)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bid%C3%A9" title="Bidé – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bidé" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%8D%B0" title="비데 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비데" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Bidet" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bideto" title="Bideto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bideto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Bidet" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bak_cebok" title="Bak cebok – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bak cebok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bidet" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%93%D7%94" title="בידה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בידה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%85pny_ruczk" title="Kąpny ruczk – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Kąpny ruczk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bidet" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bidet" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bid%C3%A9" title="Bidé – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bidé" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bidet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%83%87" title="ビデ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ビデ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bidet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bide" title="Bide – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bide" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bidet" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bid%C3%AA" title="Bidê – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bidê" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Биде – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Биде" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bideti" title="Bideti – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bideti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bidet" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Биде – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Биде" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidee" title="Bidee – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bidee" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bid%C3%A9" title="Bidé – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bidé" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0" title="โถชำระ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โถชำระ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bide" title="Bide – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bide" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Біде – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Біде" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bidet" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9D%90%E6%B5%B4%E6%A1%B6" title="坐浴桶 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="坐浴桶" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9D%90%E6%B5%B4%E6%A1%B6" title="坐浴桶 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="坐浴桶" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penc%C3%A8bokan" title="Pencèbokan – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Pencèbokan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q371213#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Bidet" title="Special:EditPage/Bidet">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Bidet%22">"Bidet"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Bidet%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Bidet%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Bidet%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Bidet%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Bidet%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Plumbing fixture or type of sink intended for washing the genitalia and anus of the human body</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bidet_Ego_Kolo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bidet_Ego_Kolo.jpg/220px-Bidet_Ego_Kolo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bidet_Ego_Kolo.jpg/330px-Bidet_Ego_Kolo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bidet_Ego_Kolo.jpg/440px-Bidet_Ego_Kolo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="383" /></a><figcaption>A modern bidet (foreground) with a matching toilet</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bidet_weiss.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bidet_weiss.jpg/220px-Bidet_weiss.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bidet_weiss.jpg/330px-Bidet_weiss.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bidet_weiss.jpg/440px-Bidet_weiss.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2488" data-file-height="1917" /></a><figcaption>A modern bidet that resembles a traditional <a href="/wiki/Washbasin" class="mw-redirect" title="Washbasin">washbasin</a> type</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>bidet</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/43\/En-us-bidet.ogg\/En-us-bidet.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-bidet.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/En-us-bidet.ogg/En-us-bidet.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-bidet.ogg" title="File:En-us-bidet.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is a bowl or receptacle designed to be sat upon in order to wash a person's <a href="/wiki/Sex_organ" title="Sex organ">genitalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perineum" title="Perineum">perineum</a>, inner <a href="/wiki/Buttocks" title="Buttocks">buttocks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Human_anus" title="Human anus">anus</a>. The modern variety has a plumbed-in water supply and a drainage opening, and is thus a <a href="/wiki/Plumbing_fixture" title="Plumbing fixture">plumbing fixture</a> subject to local <a href="/wiki/Hygiene" title="Hygiene">hygiene</a> regulations. The bidet is designed to promote personal hygiene and is used after <a href="/wiki/Defecation" title="Defecation">defecation</a>, and before and after <a href="/wiki/Sexual_intercourse" title="Sexual intercourse">sexual intercourse</a>. It can also be used to wash <a href="/wiki/Human_foot" class="mw-redirect" title="Human foot">feet</a>, with or without filling it up with water. Some people even use bidets to bathe <a href="/wiki/Infant" title="Infant">babies</a> or <a href="/wiki/Companion_animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion animal">pets</a>. In several European countries, a bidet is now required by law to be present in every bathroom containing a <a href="/wiki/Toilet" title="Toilet">toilet</a> bowl. It was originally located in the bedroom, near the chamber-pot and the marital bed, but in modern times is located near the toilet bowl in the bathroom. Fixtures that combine a <a href="/wiki/Toilet_seat" title="Toilet seat">toilet seat</a> with a washing facility include the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_bidet" title="Electronic bidet">electronic bidet</a>. </p><p>Opinions as to the necessity of the bidet vary widely over different nationalities and cultures. In cultures that use it habitually, such as parts of Western, Central and Southeastern Europe (especially <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">Eastern Asia</a> and some Latin American countries such as <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>, it is considered an indispensable tool in maintaining good personal hygiene. It is commonly used in North African countries, such as <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>. It is rarely used in <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">sub-Saharan Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>. </p><p>"Bidet" is a <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanword</a> meaning "<a href="/wiki/Pony" title="Pony">pony</a>" due to the <a href="/wiki/List_of_human_positions#Riding_positions" title="List of human positions">straddling position</a> adopted in its usage. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:151px;max-width:151px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:175px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JapaneseToiletBidet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/JapaneseToiletBidet.jpg/149px-JapaneseToiletBidet.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/JapaneseToiletBidet.jpg/224px-JapaneseToiletBidet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/JapaneseToiletBidet.jpg/298px-JapaneseToiletBidet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1206" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Bidet-style toilet in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:237px;max-width:237px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:175px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bidet_shower_greek_style.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Bidet_shower_greek_style.jpg/235px-Bidet_shower_greek_style.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Bidet_shower_greek_style.jpg/353px-Bidet_shower_greek_style.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Bidet_shower_greek_style.jpg/470px-Bidet_shower_greek_style.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Bidet_shower" title="Bidet shower">Bidet shower</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></div></div></div></div></div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bidets are primarily used to wash and clean the genitalia, perineum, inner buttocks, and anus. Some bidets have a vertical jet intended to give easy access for washing and rinsing the perineum and anal area. The traditional separate bidet is like a wash-basin which is used with running warm water with the help of specific soaps, and may then be used for many other purposes such as washing feet.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bidet_shower">Bidet shower</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bidet shower"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bidet_shower" title="Bidet shower">Bidet shower</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bidee_shower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Bidee_shower.jpg/170px-Bidee_shower.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Bidee_shower.jpg/255px-Bidee_shower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Bidee_shower.jpg/340px-Bidee_shower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>A Finnish bidet shower</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Bidet_shower" title="Bidet shower">bidet shower</a> (also known as "bidet spray", "bidet sprayer", or "health faucet") is a hand-held triggered nozzle, similar to that on a kitchen sink sprayer, that delivers a spray of water to assist in <a href="/wiki/Anal_cleansing" class="mw-redirect" title="Anal cleansing">anal cleansing</a> and cleaning the genitals after defecation and urination. In contrast to a bidet that is integrated with the toilet, a bidet shower has to be held by the hands, and cleaning does not take place automatically. Bidet showers are common in countries where water is considered essential for anal cleansing. </p><p>Drawbacks include the possibility of wetting a user's clothing if used carelessly. In addition, a user must be reasonably mobile and flexible to use a hand-held bidet shower. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conventional_or_standalone_bidet">Conventional or standalone bidet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Conventional or standalone bidet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bidet_side.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Bidet_side.jpg/170px-Bidet_side.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Bidet_side.jpg/255px-Bidet_side.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Bidet_side.jpg/340px-Bidet_side.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1783" data-file-height="2393" /></a><figcaption>A 20th-century standalone bidet (foreground)</figcaption></figure> <p>A bidet is a plumbing fixture that is installed as a separate unit in the bathroom besides toilet, shower and sink, which users have to straddle. Some bidets resemble a large hand basin, with taps and a stopper so they can be filled up; other designs have a <a href="/wiki/Nozzle" title="Nozzle">nozzle</a> that squirts a jet of water to aid in cleansing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Add-on_bidets">Add-on bidets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Add-on bidets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SB-BidetIntegrated.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/SB-BidetIntegrated.jpg/170px-SB-BidetIntegrated.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/SB-BidetIntegrated.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="237" data-file-height="175" /></a><figcaption>An add-on bidet</figcaption></figure> <p>There are bidets that are attachable to toilet bowls, saving space and obviating additional plumbing. A bidet may be a movable or fixed nozzle, either attached to an existing toilet on the back or side toilet rim, or replacing the toilet seat. In these cases, its use is restricted to cleaning the anus and genitals. Some bidets of this type produce a vertical water jet and others a more-or-less oblique one. Other bidets have one nozzle on the side rim aimed at both anal and genital areas, and other designs have two nozzles on the back rim. The shorter one, called the "family nozzle", is used for washing the area around the anus, and the longer one ("bidet nozzle") is designed for washing the vulva. </p><p>Such attachable bidets (also called "combined toilets", "bidet attachments", or "add-on bidets") are controlled either mechanically, by turning a valve, or electronically. Electronic bidets are controlled with waterproof electrical switches rather than a manual valve. There are models that have a <a href="/wiki/Electrical_element" title="Electrical element">heating element</a> which blows warm air to dry the user after washing, that offer heated seats, wireless <a href="/wiki/Remote_control" title="Remote control">remote controls</a>, illumination through built in <a href="/wiki/Night_light" class="mw-redirect" title="Night light">night lights</a>, or built in <a href="/wiki/Deodorizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Deodorizer">deodorizers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Activated_carbon" title="Activated carbon">activated carbon</a> filters to remove odours. Further refinements include adjustable water pressure, temperature compensation, and directional spray control. Where bathroom appearance is of concern, under-the-seat mounting types have become more popular. </p><p>An add-on bidet typically connects to the existing water supply of a toilet via the addition of a <a href="/wiki/Piping_and_plumbing_fitting#Tee" title="Piping and plumbing fitting">threaded tee pipe adapter</a>, and requires no <a href="/wiki/Soldering" title="Soldering">soldering</a> or other <a href="/wiki/Plumbing" title="Plumbing">plumbing</a> work.<sup id="cite_ref-Manjoo_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manjoo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Electronic add-on bidets also require a <a href="/wiki/GFCI" class="mw-redirect" title="GFCI">GFCI</a> protected grounded electrical outlet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage_and_health">Usage and health</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Usage and health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Personal hygiene is improved and maintained more accurately and easily with the use of both toilet paper and a bidet as compared to the use of toilet paper alone. In some add-on bidets with vertical jets, little water is used and toilet paper may not be necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Addressing <a href="/wiki/Hemorrhoids" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemorrhoids">hemorrhoids</a> and genital health issues might also be facilitated by the use of bidet fixtures.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of the large surface of the basin, after-use and routine disinfection of stand-alone bidets require thoroughness, or microbial contamination from one user to the next could take place. Bidet attachments are sometimes included on <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospital</a> toilets because of their utility in maintaining hygiene. Hospitals must consider the use of bidet properly and consider the clinical background of patients to prevent cross-infection.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warm-water bidets may harbor dangerous microbes if not properly disinfected.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_aspects">Environmental aspects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Environmental aspects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From an environmental standpoint, bidets can reduce the need for toilet paper.<sup id="cite_ref-Manjoo_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manjoo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SciAm_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SciAm-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Considering that an average person uses only 0.5 litre (1/8 US gallon) of water for cleansing by using a bidet, much less water is used than for manufacturing toilet paper. An article in <i><a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a></i> concluded that using a bidet is "much less stressful on the environment than using paper".<sup id="cite_ref-SciAm_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SciAm-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Scientific American</i> has also reported that if the US switched to using bidets, 15 million trees could be saved every year.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the US, UK, and some other countries, <a href="/wiki/Wet_wipes" class="mw-redirect" title="Wet wipes">wet wipes</a> are heavily marketed as an upgrade from dry toilet paper. However, this product has been criticized for its adverse environmental impact, due to the non-biodegradable plastic fibers composing most versions. Although the wipes are promoted as "flushable", they absorb waste fats and agglomerate into massive "<a href="/wiki/Fatbergs" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatbergs">fatbergs</a>" which can clog sewer systems and must be cleared at great expense.<sup id="cite_ref-Hart_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hart-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bidets are being marketed as cleaning better than toilet paper or wet wipes, with fewer negative environmental effects.<sup id="cite_ref-Hart_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hart-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Society and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The bidet is common in <a href="/wiki/Catholic_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic countries">Catholic countries</a> and required by law in some.<sup id="cite_ref-E._Clark_2006_613_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-E._Clark_2006_613-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Addictions-Magenes_Editoriale_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Addictions-Magenes_Editoriale-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also found in some traditionally <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_by_country" title="Eastern Orthodoxy by country">Eastern Orthodox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_by_country" title="Protestantism by country">Protestant countries</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> respectively, where <a href="/wiki/Bidet_shower" title="Bidet shower">bidet showers</a> are common.<sup id="cite_ref-Bidets_in_Finland_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bidets_in_Finland-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, there are many <a href="/wiki/Islamic_toilet_etiquette" title="Islamic toilet etiquette">strict rules concerning excretion</a>; in particular, anal washing with water is required.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="Self-published blog. (January 2023)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Consequently, in Middle Eastern regions where Islam is the predominant religion, water for anal washing is provided in most toilets, usually in the form of a hand-held "<a href="/wiki/Bidet_shower" title="Bidet shower">bidet shower</a>" or <i>shattaf</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prevalence">Prevalence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Prevalence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bidet_1960_P4580468.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Bidet_1960_P4580468.JPG/170px-Bidet_1960_P4580468.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Bidet_1960_P4580468.JPG/255px-Bidet_1960_P4580468.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Bidet_1960_P4580468.JPG/340px-Bidet_1960_P4580468.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>A German bidet installed in the 1960s in its own dedicated space</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washlet_in_a_public_toilet_in_urban_Tokyo_2012-12-23.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Washlet_in_a_public_toilet_in_urban_Tokyo_2012-12-23.jpg/220px-Washlet_in_a_public_toilet_in_urban_Tokyo_2012-12-23.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Washlet_in_a_public_toilet_in_urban_Tokyo_2012-12-23.jpg/330px-Washlet_in_a_public_toilet_in_urban_Tokyo_2012-12-23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Washlet_in_a_public_toilet_in_urban_Tokyo_2012-12-23.jpg/440px-Washlet_in_a_public_toilet_in_urban_Tokyo_2012-12-23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>An electronic bidet installed in a <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> public toilet</figcaption></figure> <p>Bidets are becoming increasingly popular with the elderly and disabled. Combined toilet/bidet installations make self-care toileting possible for many people, affording greater independence. There are often special units with higher toilet seats allowing easier <a href="/wiki/Wheelchair" title="Wheelchair">wheelchair transfer</a>, and with some form of electronic remote control that benefits an individual with limited mobility or otherwise requiring assistance. </p><p>Bidets are common bathroom fixtures in the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Catholic_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic countries">Catholic countries</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-E._Clark_2006_613_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-E._Clark_2006_613-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as Italy (the installation of a bidet in a bathroom has been mandatory since 1975),<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spain (but in recent times new or renewed houses tend to have bathrooms without bidets, except the luxurious ones),<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Portugal (installation is mandatory since 1975).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are also found in Southeastern European countries such as <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> and West Asian country, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>. They are very popular in some South American countries, particularly <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>. Electronic bidet-integrated toilets, often with functions such as toilet seat warming, are commonly found in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, and are becoming more popular in other Asian countries. </p><p>In Northern Europe, bidets are rare, although in Finland, <a href="/wiki/Bidet_shower" title="Bidet shower">bidet showers</a> are common.<sup id="cite_ref-Bidets_in_Finland_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bidets_in_Finland-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bidet showers are most commonly found in Southeast Asia, South Asia, and the Middle East. </p><p>In 1980, the first "paperless toilet" was launched in Japan by manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Toto_Ltd." title="Toto Ltd.">Toto</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a combination of toilet and bidet which also dries the user after washing. These combination toilet-bidets (<a href="/wiki/Washlet" title="Washlet">washlet</a>) with seat warmers, or attachable bidets are particularly popular in Japan and South Korea, and are found in approximately 76% of Japanese households as of 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bidet&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-Manjoo_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manjoo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are commonly found in hotels and some public facilities. These bidet-toilets, along with toilet seat and bidet units (to convert an existing toilet) are sold in many countries, including the United States. </p><p>Bidet seat conversions are much easier and lower cost to install than traditional bidets, and have disrupted the market for the older fixtures.<sup id="cite_ref-Manjoo_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manjoo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a slow start in the 1990s, electronic bidets are starting to become more available in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Manjoo_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manjoo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> American distributors were directly influenced by their Japanese predecessors, as the founders of Brondell (established in 2003) have indicated.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The popularity of add-on bidet units is steadily increasing in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, in part because of their ability to treat hemorrhoids or <a href="/wiki/Urinary_tract_infection" title="Urinary tract infection">urogenital infections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, shortages of <a href="/wiki/Toilet_paper" title="Toilet paper">toilet paper</a> due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">coronavirus pandemic</a> have led to an increased interest in bidets.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Bidet</i> is a <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> word for "<a href="/wiki/Pony" title="Pony">pony</a>", and in <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a>, <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">bider</i></span> meant "to trot". This <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">etymology</a> comes from the notion that one "rides" or <a href="/wiki/List_of_human_positions#Riding_positions" title="List of human positions">straddles</a> a bidet much like a pony is ridden.<sup id="cite_ref-Hart_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hart-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word "bidet" was used in 15th century France to refer to the pet ponies that French royalty kept.<sup id="cite_ref-WTOToiletTimeline_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WTOToiletTimeline-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boilly_La_Toilette_intime_ou_la_Rose_effeuill%C3%A9e.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Boilly_La_Toilette_intime_ou_la_Rose_effeuill%C3%A9e.jpg/170px-Boilly_La_Toilette_intime_ou_la_Rose_effeuill%C3%A9e.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Boilly_La_Toilette_intime_ou_la_Rose_effeuill%C3%A9e.jpg/255px-Boilly_La_Toilette_intime_ou_la_Rose_effeuill%C3%A9e.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Boilly_La_Toilette_intime_ou_la_Rose_effeuill%C3%A9e.jpg/340px-Boilly_La_Toilette_intime_ou_la_Rose_effeuill%C3%A9e.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="3424" /></a><figcaption>Eighteenth-century bidet in use, as depicted by <a href="/wiki/Louis-L%C3%A9opold_Boilly" title="Louis-Léopold Boilly">Louis-Léopold Boilly</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The bidet appears to have been an invention of French<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> furniture makers in the late 17th century, although no exact date or <a href="/wiki/Inventor" class="mw-redirect" title="Inventor">inventor</a> is known.<sup id="cite_ref-Hart_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hart-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest written reference to the bidet is in 1726 in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even though there are records of <a href="/wiki/Maria_Carolina_of_Austria" title="Maria Carolina of Austria">Maria Carolina of Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Queen of Naples</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Sicily</a>, requesting a bidet for her personal bathroom in the Royal Palace of Caserta in the second half of the 18th century, the bidet did not become widespread in Italy until after the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Addictions-Magenes_Editoriale_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Addictions-Magenes_Editoriale-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bidet is possibly associated with the <i>chamber pot</i> and the <i>bourdaloue</i>, the latter being a small, hand-held chamber pot. </p><p>Historical antecedents and early functions of the bidet are believed to include devices used for <a href="/wiki/Contraception" class="mw-redirect" title="Contraception">contraception</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bidets are considered ineffective by today's standards of contraception, and their use for that function was quickly abandoned and forgotten following the advent of modern contraceptives such as <a href="/wiki/The_pill" class="mw-redirect" title="The pill">the pill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1900, due to <a href="/wiki/Plumbing" title="Plumbing">plumbing</a> improvements, the bidet (and <a href="/wiki/Chamber_pot" title="Chamber pot">chamber pot</a>) moved from the bedroom to the bathroom and became more convenient to fill and drain. </p><p>In 1928, in the United States, <a href="/wiki/John_Harvey_Kellogg" title="John Harvey Kellogg">John Harvey Kellogg</a> applied for a patent on an "anal douche".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his application, he used the term to describe a system comparable to what today might be called a bidet nozzle, which can be attached to a toilet to perform <a href="/wiki/Anal_cleansing" class="mw-redirect" title="Anal cleansing">anal cleansing</a> with water.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (February 2015)">original research?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1965, the American Bidet Company featured an adjustable spray nozzle and warm water option, seeking to make the bidet a household item.<sup id="cite_ref-Manjoo_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manjoo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hart_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hart-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fixture was expensive, and required floor space to install; it was eventually discontinued without a replacement model. </p><p>The early 1980s saw the introduction of the electronic bidet from Japan, with names such as Clean Sense, Galaxy, Infinity, Novita, and of non-electric attachments such as Gobidet. These devices have attachments that connect to existing toilet water supplies, and can be used in bathrooms lacking the space for a separate bidet and toilet.<sup id="cite_ref-Hart_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hart-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many models have additional features, such as instant-heating warm water, night lights, or a heated seat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anal_hygiene" title="Anal hygiene">Anal hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleanliness" title="Cleanliness">Cleanliness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_sanitation" title="Ecological sanitation">Ecological sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminine_hygiene" title="Feminine hygiene">Feminine hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Improved_sanitation" title="Improved sanitation">Improved sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infection_prevention_and_control" title="Infection prevention and control">Infection prevention and control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istinja" title="Istinja">Istinja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">Public health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_sanitation" title="Sustainable sanitation">Sustainable sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabo_(hygiene)" title="Tabo (hygiene)">Tabo (hygiene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_seat" title="Toilet seat">Toilet seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilets_in_Japan" title="Toilets in Japan">Toilets in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washlet" title="Washlet">Washlet</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roberto Zapperi: <i>Zu viel Moralismus macht den Körper schmutzig.</i>, in: FAZ, 24 aprile 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMichelle_Hanson2017" class="citation web cs1">Michelle Hanson (1 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/may/01/why-wont-prudish-brits-recognise-the-bidets-brilliance">"Why won't prudish Brits recognise the bidet's brilliance?"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181113170117/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/may/01/why-wont-prudish-brits-recognise-the-bidets-brilliance">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Why+won%27t+prudish+Brits+recognise+the+bidet%27s+brilliance%3F&rft.date=2017-05-01&rft.au=Michelle+Hanson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Flifeandstyle%2F2017%2Fmay%2F01%2Fwhy-wont-prudish-brits-recognise-the-bidets-brilliance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABidet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-28237337">"The imaginative ways readers use bidets"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. 15 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190128044017/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-28237337">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=The+imaginative+ways+readers+use+bidets&rft.date=2014-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-28237337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABidet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Manjoo-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Manjoo_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Manjoo_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Manjoo_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Manjoo_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Manjoo_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Manjoo_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManjoo2015" class="citation news cs1">Manjoo, Farhad (April 29, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/30/technology/personaltech/electronic-bidet-toilet-seat-is-the-luxury-you-wont-want-to-live-without.html?_r=0">"Electronic Bidet Toilet Seat Is the Luxury You Won't Want to Live Without"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171116014512/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/30/technology/personaltech/electronic-bidet-toilet-seat-is-the-luxury-you-wont-want-to-live-without.html?_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-11-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Electronic+Bidet+Toilet+Seat+Is+the+Luxury+You+Won%27t+Want+to+Live+Without&rft.date=2015-04-29&rft.aulast=Manjoo&rft.aufirst=Farhad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F04%2F30%2Ftechnology%2Fpersonaltech%2Felectronic-bidet-toilet-seat-is-the-luxury-you-wont-want-to-live-without.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABidet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRickett2018" class="citation news cs1">Rickett, Oscar (11 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/shortcuts/2018/feb/11/the-bottom-line-why-its-time-the-bidet-made-a-comeback">"The bottom line: why it's time the bidet made a comeback"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190529005144/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/shortcuts/2018/feb/11/the-bottom-line-why-its-time-the-bidet-made-a-comeback">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+bottom+line%3A+why+it%27s+time+the+bidet+made+a+comeback&rft.date=2018-02-11&rft.aulast=Rickett&rft.aufirst=Oscar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Flifeandstyle%2Fshortcuts%2F2018%2Ffeb%2F11%2Fthe-bottom-line-why-its-time-the-bidet-made-a-comeback&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABidet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen-MansfieldBiddison2005" class="citation journal cs1">Cohen-Mansfield, J.; Biddison, J. R. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+hose%3A+the+strange+device+next+to+every+Finnish+toilet&rft.date=2014-07-08&rft.aulast=H&rft.aufirst=Santiago&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.biginfinland.com%2Fhose-always-next-every-finnish-toilet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABidet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBob_Cromwell2018" class="citation web cs1">Bob Cromwell (Nov 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://toilet-guru.com/islamic.php">"Islamic Rules for Toilet Etiquette"</a>. <i>Toilet Guru</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181120180251/https://toilet-guru.com/islamic.php">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Mundo&rft.atitle=%C2%BFHa+llegado+el+final+del+bid%C3%A9%3F&rft.date=2009-09-06&rft.au=Juan+Carlos+Rodr%C3%ADguez&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elmundo.es%2Fsuplementos%2Fmagazine%2F2009%2F519%2F1251984079.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABidet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dre.pt/application/file/310347">Decreto-Lei n.º 650/75 de 18 de Novembro</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111203333/https://dre.pt/application/file/310347">Archived</a> 2020-11-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (in Portuguese), 18 November 1975, art. 84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chronicle.augusta.com/life/home/2014-03-13/modern-world-even-toilets-are-becoming-paperless">"In modern world, even toilets are becoming paperless"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Augusta_Chronicle" title="The Augusta Chronicle">The Augusta Chronicle</a></i>. March 13, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006154148/http://chronicle.augusta.com/life/home/2014-03-13/modern-world-even-toilets-are-becoming-paperless">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-10-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Augusta+Chronicle&rft.atitle=In+modern+world%2C+even+toilets+are+becoming+paperless&rft.date=2014-03-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchronicle.augusta.com%2Flife%2Fhome%2F2014-03-13%2Fmodern-world-even-toilets-are-becoming-paperless&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABidet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott2012" class="citation web cs1">Scott, Alec (29 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfgate.com/homeandgarden/article/Smart-toilets-try-to-break-into-U-S-market-2738455.php">"Smart toilets try to break into U.S. market"</a>. <i>San Francisco Chronicle</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210420232029/https://www.sfgate.com/homeandgarden/article/Smart-toilets-try-to-break-into-U-S-market-2738455.php">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Smart+toilets+try+to+break+into+U.S.+market&rft.date=2012-01-29&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Alec&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fhomeandgarden%2Farticle%2FSmart-toilets-try-to-break-into-U-S-market-2738455.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABidet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiuchiAsakuraNakanoOmae2017" class="citation journal cs1">Kiuchi, Teppei; Asakura, Keiko; Nakano, Makiko; Omae, Kazuyuki (2017-02-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5345955">"Bidet toilet use and incidence of hemorrhoids or urogenital infections: A one-year follow-up web survey"</a>. <i>Preventive Medicine Reports</i>. <b>6</b>: 121–125. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pmedr.2017.02.008">10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.02.008</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2211-3355">2211-3355</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5345955">5345955</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28316906">28316906</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Preventive+Medicine+Reports&rft.atitle=Bidet+toilet+use+and+incidence+of+hemorrhoids+or+urogenital+infections%3A+A+one-year+follow-up+web+survey&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=121-125&rft.date=2017-02-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5345955%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=2211-3355&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28316906&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.pmedr.2017.02.008&rft.aulast=Kiuchi&rft.aufirst=Teppei&rft.au=Asakura%2C+Keiko&rft.au=Nakano%2C+Makiko&rft.au=Omae%2C+Kazuyuki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5345955&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABidet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2020/03/22/819891957/bidets-gain-u-s-popularity-during-the-coronavirus-crisis">"Bidets Gain U.S. Popularity During The Coronavirus Crisis"</a>. <i>NPR.org</i>. 22 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200417075227/https://www.npr.org/2020/03/22/819891957/bidets-gain-u-s-popularity-during-the-coronavirus-crisis">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR.org&rft.atitle=Bidets+Gain+U.S.+Popularity+During+The+Coronavirus+Crisis&rft.date=2020-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2020%2F03%2F22%2F819891957%2Fbidets-gain-u-s-popularity-during-the-coronavirus-crisis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABidet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WTOToiletTimeline-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WTOToiletTimeline_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091220192053/http://www.worldtoilet.org/resources.asp?no=6">"Toilet Timeline"</a>. World Toilet Organization. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldtoilet.org/resources.asp?no=6">the original</a> on December 20, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 Dec</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Toilet+Timeline&rft.pub=World+Toilet+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldtoilet.org%2Fresources.asp%3Fno%3D6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABidet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brondell (bidet manufacturing company). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brondell.com/healthy-living-blog/who-invented-the-bidet/">"Who Invented the Bidet?"</a>. 28 June 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200328214020/https://www.brondell.com/healthy-living-blog/who-invented-the-bidet/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+Invented+the+Bidet%3F&rft.date=2018-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brondell.com%2Fhealthy-living-blog%2Fwho-invented-the-bidet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABidet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJongenPeleikis2006" class="citation journal cs1">Jongen, Johannes; Peleikis, Hans-Günter (July 2006). "Doppler-Guided Hemorrhoidal Artery Ligation: An Alternative to Hemorrhoidectomy". <i>Diseases of the Colon & Rectum</i>. <b>49</b> (7): 1082–1083. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10350-006-0553-y">10.1007/s10350-006-0553-y</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16676142">16676142</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:28511607">28511607</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diseases+of+the+Colon+%26+Rectum&rft.atitle=Doppler-Guided+Hemorrhoidal+Artery+Ligation%3A+An+Alternative+to+Hemorrhoidectomy&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1082-1083&rft.date=2006-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A28511607%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16676142&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10350-006-0553-y&rft.aulast=Jongen&rft.aufirst=Johannes&rft.au=Peleikis%2C+Hans-G%C3%BCnter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABidet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091220192053/http://www.worldtoilet.org/resources.asp?no=6">"Toilet Timeline"</a> on the World Toilet Organization website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171021163712/http://www.castelvecchieditore.com/storia-del-bidet/"><i>Storia del bidet, Un grande contenitore ideologico</i></a> [<i>History of the bidet</i>] (in Italian). Castelvecchi. 2003. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8882101114" title="Special:BookSources/978-8882101114"><bdi>978-8882101114</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.castelvecchieditore.com/storia-del-bidet/">the original</a> on 2017-10-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Storia+del+bidet%2C+Un+grande+contenitore+ideologico&rft.pub=Castelvecchi&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-8882101114&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.castelvecchieditore.com%2Fstoria-del-bidet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABidet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBullough2001" class="citation book cs1">Bullough, Verne (2001). <i>Encyclopedia of Birth Control</i>. ABC-CLIO.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Birth+Control&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Bullough&rft.aufirst=Verne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABidet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuseum_of_Contraception_and_Abortion" class="citation web cs1">Museum of Contraception and Abortion. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muvs.org/en/topics/contraception/the-bidet-is-for-vaginal-rinsing/">"The bidet is for vaginal rinsing"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220118161526/https://muvs.org/en/topics/contraception/the-bidet-is-for-vaginal-rinsing/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-01-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+bidet+is+for+vaginal+rinsing&rft.au=Museum+of+Contraception+and+Abortion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuvs.org%2Fen%2Ftopics%2Fcontraception%2Fthe-bidet-is-for-vaginal-rinsing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABidet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation patent" id="CITEREFJohn_Harvey_Kellogg"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=United StatesUS1787481">A United States patent US1787481 A</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Harvey_Kellogg" title="John Harvey Kellogg">John Harvey Kellogg</a>, "Anal douche", published Jan 6, 1931</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=US1787481 A&rft.cc=United States&rft.title=Anal+douche&rft.inventor=%5B%5BJohn+Harvey+Kellogg%5D%5D&rft.appldate=Aug 22, 1928&rft.pubdate=Jan 6, 1931&rft.prioritydate=Aug 22, 1928"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bidet" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:bidet">bidet</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bidets" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bidets">Bidets</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235611614">.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);margin:0.5em 0;padding:0.2em;line-height:1.5em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-header{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-listen-to{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-files{text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-icon{float:left;margin-left:5px;margin-top:10px}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer{margin-left:60px;margin-top:10px;font-size:95%;line-height:1.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-footer{margin-top:10px;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{width:20em;float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="spoken-wikipedia noprint haudio"><div class="spoken-wikipedia-header"><span class="spoken-wikipedia-listen-to">Listen to this article</span> (<span class="duration"><span class="min">10</span> minutes</span>)</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-files"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" style="width:200px;" data-durationhint="576" data-mwtitle="Bidet.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Bidet.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/19/Bidet.ogg/Bidet.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Spoken Wikipedia"><img alt="Spoken Wikipedia icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/45px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/68px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/90px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></span></span></div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer"><a href="/wiki/File:Bidet.ogg" title="File:Bidet.ogg">This audio file</a> was created from a revision of this article dated 18 April 2010<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2010-04-18</span>)</span>, and does not reflect subsequent edits.</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-footer">(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">Audio help</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spoken_articles" title="Wikipedia:Spoken articles">More spoken articles</a>)</div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Toilets" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Human_waste_elimination" title="Template:Human waste elimination"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Human_waste_elimination" title="Template talk:Human waste elimination"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Human_waste_elimination" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Human waste elimination"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Toilets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Toilet" title="Toilet">Toilets</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballcock" title="Ballcock">Ballcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedpan" title="Bedpan">Bedpan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bidet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidet_shower" title="Bidet shower">Bidet shower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_brush" title="Toilet brush">Brush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistern#Toilet" title="Cistern">Cistern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commode#Toilet" title="Commode">Commode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_bidet" title="Electronic bidet">Electronic bidet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flushometer" title="Flushometer">Flushometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_seat" title="Toilet seat">Seat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_seat_riser" title="Toilet seat riser">Toilet seat riser</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet" title="Toilet">Toilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_cleaner" title="Toilet cleaner">Toilet cleaner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_paper" title="Toilet paper">Toilet paper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_roll_holder" title="Toilet roll holder">Holder/dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_paper_orientation" title="Toilet paper orientation">Orientation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_rim_block" title="Toilet rim block">Toilet rim block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trap_(plumbing)" title="Trap (plumbing)">Trap (U-bend)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_lavatory" title="Aircraft lavatory">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arborloo" title="Arborloo">Arborloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blair_toilet" title="Blair toilet">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucket_toilet" title="Bucket toilet">Bucket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathole" title="Cathole">Cathole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_toilet" title="Chemical toilet">Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composting_toilet" title="Composting toilet">Composting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Container-based_sanitation" title="Container-based sanitation">Container-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_toilet" title="Dry toilet">Dry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_flush_toilet" title="Dual flush toilet">Dual flush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EToilet" title="EToilet">EToilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flush_toilet" title="Flush toilet">Flush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freezing_toilet" title="Freezing toilet">Freezing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_(watercraft)" title="Head (watercraft)">Head</a> (boat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudo_(scouting)" title="Hudo (scouting)">Hudo</a> (Scouting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incinerating_toilet" title="Incinerating toilet">Incinerating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_toilet" title="Intelligent toilet">Intelligent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latrine" title="Latrine">Latrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-flush_toilet" title="Low-flush toilet">Low-flush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-board_toilet" title="On-board toilet">On-board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_train_toilet" title="Passenger train toilet">Passenger train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pay_toilet" title="Pay toilet">Pay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pig_toilet" title="Pig toilet">Pig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit_latrine" title="Pit latrine">Pit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_toilet" title="Portable toilet">Portable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potty_chair" title="Potty chair">Potty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_toilet" title="Public toilet">Public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanisette" title="Sanisette">Sanisette</a> (self-cleaning)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sink-toilet" title="Sink-toilet">Sink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_toilet" title="Space toilet">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squat_toilet" title="Squat toilet">Squat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telescopic_toilet" title="Telescopic toilet">Telescopic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treebog" title="Treebog">Treebog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urine-diverting_dry_toilet" title="Urine-diverting dry toilet">Urine-diverting dry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_sewer" title="Vacuum sewer">Vacuum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermifilter_toilet" title="Vermifilter toilet">Vermifilter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washlet" title="Washlet">Washlet</a> (combined toilet and bidet)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural and<br />policy aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accessible_toilet" title="Accessible toilet">Accessible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adult_diaper" title="Adult diaper">Adult diaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathroom_privileges" title="Bathroom privileges">Bathroom privileges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathroom_reading" title="Bathroom reading">Bathroom reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honeywagon_(vehicle)" title="Honeywagon (vehicle)">Honeywagon (vehicle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incontinence_pad" title="Incontinence pad">Incontinence pad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_toilet_etiquette" title="Islamic toilet etiquette">Islamic toilet etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istinja" title="Istinja">Istinja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latrinalia" title="Latrinalia">Latrinalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization_of_public_toilets" title="Privatization of public toilets">Privatization of public toilets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swachh_Bharat_Mission" title="Swachh Bharat Mission">Swachh Bharat Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_god" title="Toilet god">Toilet god</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_humour" title="Toilet humour">Toilet humour</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Skibidi_Toilet" title="Skibidi Toilet">Skibidi Toilet</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_plume" title="Toilet plume">Toilet plume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet-related_injuries_and_deaths" title="Toilet-related injuries and deaths">Toilet-related injuries and deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_Revolution_in_China" title="Toilet Revolution in China">Toilet Revolution in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_Twinning" title="Toilet Twinning">Toilet Twinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unisex_public_toilet" title="Unisex public toilet">Unisex public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_truck" title="Vacuum truck">Vacuum truck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jobs and activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manual_scavenging" title="Manual scavenging">Manual scavenging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restroom_attendant" title="Restroom attendant">Restroom attendant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanitation_worker" title="Sanitation worker">Sanitation worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slopping_out" title="Slopping out">Slopping out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_training" title="Toilet training">Toilet training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toileting" title="Toileting">Toileting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Urine-related aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Female_urinal" title="Female urinal">Female urinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_urination_device" title="Female urination device">Female urination device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_urinal" title="Interactive urinal">Interactive urinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pissoir" title="Pissoir">Pissoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pee_curl" title="Pee curl">Pee curl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollee" title="Pollee">Pollee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanistand" title="Sanistand">Sanistand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urinal" title="Urinal">Urinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urinal_deodorizer_block" title="Urinal deodorizer block">Urinal deodorizer block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urinal_(health_care)" title="Urinal (health care)">Urinal (health care)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urination" title="Urination">Urination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urine_collection_device" title="Urine collection device">Urine collection device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urine_deflector" title="Urine deflector">Urine deflector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urine_diversion" title="Urine diversion">Urine diversion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Feces-related aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anal_hygiene" title="Anal hygiene">Anal hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defecation" title="Defecation">Defecation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defecation_postures" title="Defecation postures">Defecation postures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fecal_sludge_management" title="Fecal sludge management">Fecal sludge management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_toilet" title="Flying toilet">Flying toilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_defecation" title="Open defecation">Open defecation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scatology" title="Scatology">Scatology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haewoojae" title="Haewoojae">Haewoojae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundertwasser_Toilets" title="Hundertwasser Toilets">Hundertwasser Toilets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Museum_of_Bathroom_Tissue" title="Madison Museum of Bathroom Tissue">Madison Museum of Bathroom Tissue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Toilet_Restaurant" title="Modern Toilet Restaurant">Modern Toilet Restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Poo_Museum" title="National Poo Museum">National Poo Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outhouse" title="Outhouse">Outhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_toilets_in_Bratislava" title="Public toilets in Bratislava">Public toilets in Bratislava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_area" title="Rest area">Rest area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shit_Museum" title="Shit Museum">Shit Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulabh_International_Museum_of_Toilets" title="Sulabh International Museum of Toilets">Sulabh International Museum of Toilets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_(room)" title="Toilet (room)">Toilet (room)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_History_Museum" title="Toilet History Museum">Toilet History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilets_in_Japan" title="Toilets in Japan">Toilets in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilets_in_New_York_City" title="Toilets in New York City">Toilets in New York City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bryant_Park_restroom" title="Bryant Park restroom">Bryant Park restroom</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphedron" title="Aphedron">Aphedron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_pot" title="Chamber pot">Chamber pot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close_stool" title="Close stool">Close stool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dansker" title="Dansker">Dansker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garderobe" title="Garderobe">Garderobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong_farmer" title="Gong farmer">Gong farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groom_of_the_Stool" title="Groom of the Stool">Groom of the Stool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_soil" title="Night soil">Night soil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pail_closet" title="Pail closet">Pail closet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privy_midden" title="Privy midden">Privy midden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reredorter" title="Reredorter">Reredorter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changing_room" title="Changing room">Changing room</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unisex_changing_rooms" title="Unisex changing rooms">Unisex changing rooms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_sanitation" title="Ecological sanitation">Ecological sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_water_supply_and_sanitation" title="History of water supply and sanitation">History of water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_right_to_water_and_sanitation" title="Human right to water and sanitation">Human right to water and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Improved_sanitation" title="Improved sanitation">Improved sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infection_prevention_and_control" title="Infection prevention and control">Infection prevention and control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">Public health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuse_of_human_excreta" title="Reuse of human excreta">Reuse of human excreta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanitation" title="Sanitation">Sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewage_treatment" title="Sewage treatment">Sewage treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_sanitation" title="Sustainable sanitation">Sustainable sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management" title="Waste management">Waste management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Toilet_Day" title="World Toilet Day">World Toilet Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_right_to_access_the_toilet" title="Workers' right to access the toilet">Workers' right to access the toilet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bathroom_appliances" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bathroom_appliances" title="Template:Bathroom appliances"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bathroom_appliances" title="Template talk:Bathroom appliances"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bathroom_appliances" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bathroom appliances"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bathroom_appliances" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bathroom" title="Bathroom">Bathroom</a> appliances</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Body_hygiene" class="mw-redirect" title="Body hygiene">Body hygiene</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Towel_warmer" title="Towel warmer">Towel warmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hand_washing" title="Hand washing">Hand washing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_faucet" title="Automatic faucet">Automatic faucet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_soap_dispenser" title="Automatic soap dispenser">Automatic soap dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_dryer" title="Hand dryer">Hand dryer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oral_hygiene" title="Oral hygiene">Oral hygiene</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_toothbrush" title="Electric toothbrush">Electric toothbrush</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ultrasonic_toothbrush" title="Ultrasonic toothbrush">Ultrasonic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_irrigator" title="Oral irrigator">Oral irrigator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toothbrush_sanitizer" title="Toothbrush sanitizer">Toothbrush sanitizer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Toilet" title="Toilet">Toilet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_deodorizer_dispenser" title="Automatic deodorizer dispenser">Automatic deodorizer dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_toilet_paper_dispenser" class="mw-redirect" title="Automatic toilet paper dispenser">Automatic toilet paper dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_self-clean_toilet_seat" class="mw-redirect" title="Automatic self-clean toilet seat">Automatic self-clean toilet seat</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bidet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deodorizing_toilet_seat" title="Deodorizing toilet seat">Deodorizing toilet seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_bidet" title="Electronic bidet">Electronic bidet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washlet" title="Washlet">Washlet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Plumbing" style="vertical-align: middle;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Plumbing" title="Template:Plumbing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Plumbing" title="Template talk:Plumbing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Plumbing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Plumbing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Plumbing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Plumbing" title="Plumbing">Plumbing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fundamental<br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_gap_(plumbing)" title="Air gap (plumbing)">Air gap (plumbing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backflow" title="Backflow">Backflow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compatibility_(chemical)" title="Compatibility (chemical)">Compatibility (chemical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrosion" title="Corrosion">Corrosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drain_(plumbing)" title="Drain (plumbing)">Drain (plumbing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_water" title="Drinking water">Drinking water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_gas" title="Fuel gas">Fuel gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friction_loss" title="Friction loss">Friction loss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_(slope)" title="Grade (slope)">Grade (slope)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greywater" title="Greywater">Greywater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_trap" title="Heat trap">Heat trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrostatic_loop" title="Hydrostatic loop">Hydrostatic loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leak" title="Leak">Leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_axis" title="Neutral axis">Neutral axis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onsite_sewage_facility" title="Onsite sewage facility">Onsite sewage facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">Pressure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanitary_sewer" title="Sanitary sewer">Sanitary sewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewer_gas" title="Sewer gas">Sewer gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewage" title="Sewage">Sewage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewerage" title="Sewerage">Sewerage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siphon" title="Siphon">Siphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_sewer" class="mw-redirect" title="Storm sewer">Storm sewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormwater" title="Stormwater">Stormwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_tension" title="Surface tension">Surface tension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tap_water" title="Tap water">Tap water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_expansion" title="Thermal expansion">Thermal expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_insulation" title="Thermal insulation">Thermal insulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermosiphon" title="Thermosiphon">Thermosiphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trap_(plumbing)" title="Trap (plumbing)">Trap (plumbing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venturi_effect" title="Venturi effect">Venturi effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wastewater" title="Wastewater">Wastewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_hammer" title="Water hammer">Water hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_network" title="Water supply network">Water supply network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_table" title="Water table">Water table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well" title="Well">Well</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazing" title="Brazing">Brazing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Standard_Pipe" title="British Standard Pipe">British Standard Pipe</a> (BSP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cast_iron_pipe" title="Cast iron pipe">Cast iron pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_drain_cleaners" title="Chemical drain cleaners">Chemical drain cleaners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compression_fitting" title="Compression fitting">Compression fitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper_tubing" title="Copper tubing">Copper tubing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimp_(joining)" title="Crimp (joining)">Crimp (joining)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drain-waste-vent_system" title="Drain-waste-vent system">Drain-waste-vent system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ductile_iron_pipe" title="Ductile iron pipe">Ductile iron pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flare_fitting" title="Flare fitting">Flare fitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_hose_thread" class="mw-redirect" title="Garden hose thread">Garden Hose Thread</a> (GHT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasket" title="Gasket">Gasket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydronics" title="Hydronics">Hydronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leak_detection" title="Leak detection">Leak detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pipe_Thread" class="mw-redirect" title="National Pipe Thread">National Pipe Thread</a> (NPT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nominal_Pipe_Size" title="Nominal Pipe Size">Nominal Pipe Size</a> (NPS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-ring" title="O-ring">O-ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakum" title="Oakum">Oakum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_(fluid_conveyance)" title="Pipe (fluid conveyance)">Pipe (fluid conveyance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_dope" title="Pipe dope">Pipe dope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_support" title="Pipe support">Pipe support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_pipework" title="Plastic pipework">Plastic pipework</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push-to-pull_compression_fittings" title="Push-to-pull compression fittings">Push-to-pull compression fittings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putty" title="Putty">Putty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sealant" title="Sealant">Sealant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewage_pumping" title="Sewage pumping">Sewage pumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldering" title="Soldering">Soldering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solvent_welding" class="mw-redirect" title="Solvent welding">Solvent welding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaging" title="Swaging">Swaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thread_seal_tape" title="Thread seal tape">Thread seal tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threaded_pipe" title="Threaded pipe">Threaded pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tube_bending" title="Tube bending">Tube bending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_heat_recycling" title="Water heat recycling">Water heat recycling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_vacuum_breaker" title="Atmospheric vacuum breaker">Atmospheric vacuum breaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_bleeding_valve" title="Automatic bleeding valve">Automatic bleeding valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_faucet" title="Automatic faucet">Automatic faucet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backflow_prevention_device" title="Backflow prevention device">Backflow prevention device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball_valve" title="Ball valve">Ball valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleed_screw" title="Bleed screw">Bleed screw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booster_pump" title="Booster pump">Booster pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterfly_valve" title="Butterfly valve">Butterfly valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Check_valve" title="Check valve">Check valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemigation_valve" title="Chemigation valve">Chemigation valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopper_pump" class="mw-redirect" title="Chopper pump">Chopper pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circulator_pump" title="Circulator pump">Circulator pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistern" title="Cistern">Cistern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closet_flange" title="Closet flange">Closet flange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concentric_reducer" title="Concentric reducer">Concentric reducer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condensate_pump" title="Condensate pump">Condensate pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupling_(piping)" title="Coupling (piping)">Coupling (piping)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaphragm_valve" title="Diaphragm valve">Diaphragm valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dielectric_union" class="mw-redirect" title="Dielectric union">Dielectric union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_check_valve" title="Double check valve">Double check valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eccentric_reducer" title="Eccentric reducer">Eccentric reducer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_tank" title="Expansion tank">Expansion tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faucet_aerator" title="Faucet aerator">Faucet aerator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Float_switch" title="Float switch">Float switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Float_valve" class="mw-redirect" title="Float valve">Float valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floor_drain" title="Floor drain">Floor drain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flow_limiter" title="Flow limiter">Flow limiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flushing_trough" title="Flushing trough">Flushing trough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flushometer" title="Flushometer">Flushometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate_valve" title="Gate valve">Gate valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globe_valve" title="Globe valve">Globe valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grease_trap" title="Grease trap">Grease trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinder_pump" title="Grinder pump">Grinder pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hose_coupling" title="Hose coupling">Hose coupling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifold_(fluid_mechanics)" title="Manifold (fluid mechanics)">Manifold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needle_valve" title="Needle valve">Needle valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipple_(plumbing)" title="Nipple (plumbing)">Nipple (plumbing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinch_valve" title="Pinch valve">Pinch valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piping_and_plumbing_fitting" title="Piping and plumbing fitting">Piping and plumbing fitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plug_(sanitation)" title="Plug (sanitation)">Plug (sanitation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure_regulator" title="Pressure regulator">Pressure regulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure_vacuum_breaker" title="Pressure vacuum breaker">Pressure vacuum breaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure-balanced_valve" title="Pressure-balanced valve">Pressure-balanced valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump" title="Pump">Pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiator_(heating)" title="Radiator (heating)">Radiator (heating)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reduced_pressure_zone_device" title="Reduced pressure zone device">Reduced pressure zone device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reducer" class="mw-redirect" title="Reducer">Reducer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief_valve" title="Relief valve">Relief valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riser_clamp" title="Riser clamp">Riser clamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooftop_water_tower" title="Rooftop water tower">Rooftop water tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_valve" title="Safety valve">Safety valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewage_pump" class="mw-redirect" title="Sewage pump">Sewage pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_elbow" title="Street elbow">Street elbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submersible_pump" title="Submersible pump">Submersible pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tap_(valve)" title="Tap (valve)">Tap (valve)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermostatic_mixing_valve" title="Thermostatic mixing valve">Thermostatic mixing valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_drain" title="Trench drain">Trench drain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_breaker" title="Vacuum breaker">Vacuum breaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_ejector" title="Vacuum ejector">Vacuum ejector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valve" title="Valve">Valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_tank" title="Water tank">Water tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone_valve" title="Zone valve">Zone valve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plumbing_fixture" title="Plumbing fixture">Plumbing fixtures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accessible_bathtub" title="Accessible bathtub">Accessible bathtub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathtub" title="Bathtub">Bathtub</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bidet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehumidifier" title="Dehumidifier">Dehumidifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dishwasher" title="Dishwasher">Dishwasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_fountain" title="Drinking fountain">Drinking fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_water_boiler" title="Electric water boiler">Electric water boiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evaporative_cooler" title="Evaporative cooler">Evaporative cooler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flush_toilet" title="Flush toilet">Flush toilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garbage_disposal_unit" title="Garbage disposal unit">Garbage disposal unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_water_storage_tank" title="Hot water storage tank">Hot water storage tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humidifier" title="Humidifier">Humidifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icemaker" title="Icemaker">Icemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_hot_water_dispenser" title="Instant hot water dispenser">Instant hot water dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laundry_tub" class="mw-redirect" title="Laundry tub">Laundry tub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shower" title="Shower">Shower</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Water_recycling_shower" title="Water recycling shower">water recycling shower</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sink" title="Sink">Sink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storage_water_heater" title="Storage water heater">Storage water heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sump_pump" title="Sump pump">Sump pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tankless_water_heater" class="mw-redirect" title="Tankless water heater">Tankless water heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urinal" title="Urinal">Urinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washing_machine" title="Washing machine">Washing machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washlet" title="Washlet">Washlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_dispenser" title="Water dispenser">Water dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_filter" title="Water filter">Water filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_heater" class="mw-redirect" title="Water heater">Water heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_softener" class="mw-redirect" title="Water softener">Water softener</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialized tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basin_wrench" title="Basin wrench">Basin wrench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blowtorch" title="Blowtorch">Blowtorch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borescope" title="Borescope">Borescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_drill" title="Core drill">Core drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drain_cleaner" title="Drain cleaner">Drain cleaner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_cap" title="Driving cap">Driving cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flare-nut_wrench" class="mw-redirect" title="Flare-nut wrench">Flare-nut wrench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipecutter" title="Pipecutter">Pipecutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_wrench" title="Pipe wrench">Pipe wrench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumber%27s_snake" title="Plumber's snake">Plumber's snake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumber_wrench" title="Plumber wrench">Plumber wrench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plunger" title="Plunger">Plunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strap_wrench" title="Strap wrench">Strap wrench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tap_and_die" title="Tap and die">Tap and die</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Measurement<br />and control</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Control_valve" title="Control valve">Control valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flow_sensor" class="mw-redirect" title="Flow sensor">Flow sensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure_sensor" class="mw-redirect" title="Pressure sensor">Pressure sensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_detector" title="Water detector">Water detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_metering" title="Water metering">Water metering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professions,<br />trades,<br />and services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydronic_balancing" title="Hydronic balancing">Hydronic balancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrostatic_testing" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrostatic testing">Hydrostatic testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leak_detection" title="Leak detection">Leak detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical,_electrical,_and_plumbing" title="Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing">Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_marking" title="Pipe marking">Pipe marking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipefitter" title="Pipefitter">Pipefitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipelayer" title="Pipelayer">Pipelayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumber" title="Plumber">Plumber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry <br />organizations <br />and standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Plumbing_and_Mechanical_Officials" class="mw-redirect" title="International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials">International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSF_International" title="NSF International">NSF International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumbing_%26_Drainage_Institute" title="Plumbing & Drainage Institute">Plumbing & Drainage Institute (PDI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Plumbing_Code" title="Uniform Plumbing Code">Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Plumbing_Council" title="World Plumbing Council">World Plumbing Council (WPC)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health and safety</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plumbing_code" title="Plumbing code">Plumbing code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalding" title="Scalding">Scalding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterborne_disease" title="Waterborne disease">Waterborne disease</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fire_sprinkler_system" title="Fire sprinkler system">Fire sprinkler system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piping" title="Piping">Piping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:HVAC" title="Template:HVAC">Template:HVAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Public_health" title="Template:Public health">Template:Public health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sewerage" title="Template:Sewerage">Template:Sewerage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Toilets" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Toilets">Template:Toilets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wastewater" title="Template:Wastewater">Template:Wastewater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" 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