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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><title>Exodus 11:10 Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh, but the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart so that he would not let the Israelites go out of his land.</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/exodus/11-10.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/19/02_Exo_11_10.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="Exodus 11:10 - The Plague on the Firstborn Foretold" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh, but the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart so that he would 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id="par"><span class="versiontext"><a href="/niv/exodus/11.htm">New International Version</a></span><br />Moses and Aaron performed all these wonders before Pharaoh, but the LORD hardened Pharaoh&#8217s heart, and he would not let the Israelites go out of his country.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nlt/exodus/11.htm">New Living Translation</a></span><br />Moses and Aaron performed these miracles in Pharaoh’s presence, but the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he wouldn’t let the Israelites leave the country.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/esv/exodus/11.htm">English Standard Version</a></span><br />Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh, and the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not let the people of Israel go out of his land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/bsb/exodus/11.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a></span><br />Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh, but the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart so that he would not let the Israelites go out of his land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/kjv/exodus/11.htm">King James Bible</a></span><br />And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh: and the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go out of his land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nkjv/exodus/11.htm">New King James Version</a></span><br />So Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh; and the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not let the children of Israel go out of his land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb_/exodus/11.htm">New American Standard Bible</a></span><br />So Moses and Aaron performed all these wonders before Pharaoh; yet the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not let the sons of Israel go out of his land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb/exodus/11.htm">NASB 1995</a></span><br />Moses and Aaron performed all these wonders before Pharaoh; yet the LORD hardened Pharaoh&#8217s heart, and he did not let the sons of Israel go out of his land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb77/exodus/11.htm">NASB 1977 </a></span><br />And Moses and Aaron performed all these wonders before Pharaoh; yet the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not let the sons of Israel go out of his land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsb/exodus/11.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a></span><br />Now Moses and Aaron did all these miraculous wonders before Pharaoh; yet Yahweh hardened Pharaoh’s heart with strength, and he did not let the sons of Israel go out of his land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/amp/exodus/11.htm">Amplified Bible</a></span><br />Moses and Aaron did all these wonders (miracles) before Pharaoh; yet the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not let the Israelites go out of his land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/csb/exodus/11.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh, but the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not let the Israelites go out of his land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hcsb/exodus/11.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh, but the LORD hardened Pharaoh&#8217s heart, and he would not let the Israelites go out of his land. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/asv/exodus/11.htm">American Standard Version</a></span><br />And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh: and Jehovah hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he did not let the children of Israel go out of his land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cev/exodus/11.htm">Contemporary English Version</a></span><br />So the king of Egypt saw Moses and Aaron work miracles, but the LORD made him stubbornly refuse to let the Israelites leave his country. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/erv/exodus/11.htm">English Revised Version</a></span><br />And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh: and the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he did not let the children of Israel go out of his land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gwt/exodus/11.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a></span><br />Moses and Aaron showed Pharaoh all these amazing things. Yet, the LORD made Pharaoh stubborn, so he wouldn't let the Israelites leave his country.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gnt/exodus/11.htm">Good News Translation</a></span><br />Moses and Aaron performed all these miracles before the king, but the LORD made him stubborn, and he would not let the Israelites leave his country. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/isv/exodus/11.htm">International Standard Version</a></span><br />Moses and Aaron did all these wonders in front of Pharaoh, but the LORD made Pharaoh's heart stubborn, and he would not let the Israelis go out from his land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/msb/exodus/11.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a></span><br />Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh, but the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart so that he would not let the Israelites go out of his land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/net/exodus/11.htm">NET Bible</a></span><br />So Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh, but the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he did not release the Israelites from his land. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nheb/exodus/11.htm">New Heart English Bible</a></span><br />Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh, and the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he did not let the children of Israel go out of his land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/wbt/exodus/11.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a></span><br />And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh; and the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel depart from his land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/web/exodus/11.htm">World English Bible</a></span><br />Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh, but Yahweh hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he didn’t let the children of Israel go out of his land. <div class="vheading2"><b>Literal Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsv/exodus/11.htm">Literal Standard Version</a></span><br />and Moses and Aaron have done all these wonders before Pharaoh, and YHWH strengthens Pharaoh’s heart, and he has not sent the sons of Israel out of his land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/ylt/exodus/11.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a></span><br /> and Moses and Aaron have done all these wonders before Pharaoh, and Jehovah strengtheneth Pharaoh's heart, and he hath not sent the sons of Israel out of his land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/slt/exodus/11.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a></span><br />And Moses and Aaron did all these signs before Pharaoh; and Jehovah will bind fast Pharaoh's heart, and he sent not forth the sons of Israel from his land.<div class="vheading2"><b>Catholic Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/drb/exodus/11.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a></span><br />And Moses and Aaron did all the wonders that are written, before Pharao. And the Lord hardened Pharao's heart, neither did he let the children of Israel go out of his land. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cpdv/exodus/11.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a></span><br />Now Moses and Aaron did all the wonders that are written, in the sight of Pharaoh. And the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh; neither did he release the sons of Israel from his land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nabre/exodus/11.htm">New American Bible</a></span><br />Thus, although Moses and Aaron performed all these wonders in Pharaoh’s presence, the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not let the Israelites go from his land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nrsvce/exodus/11.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a></span><br />Moses and Aaron performed all these wonders before Pharaoh; but the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not let the people of Israel go out of his land.<div class="vheading2"><b>Translations from Aramaic</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lamsa/exodus/11.htm">Lamsa Bible</a></span><br />And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh; but the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart so that he would not let the children of Israel go out of his land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hpbt/exodus/11.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a></span><br />And Moshe and Aaron did these signs before Pharaoh and LORD JEHOVAH hardened the heart of Pharaoh and he did not send the children of Israel from his land. <div class="vheading2"><b>OT Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/jps/exodus/11.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a></span><br />And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh; and the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he did not let the children of Israel go out of his land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/sep/exodus/11.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a></span><br />And Moses and Aaron wrought all these signs and wonders in the land <i>of</i> Egypt before Pharao; and the Lord hardened the heart of Pharao, and he did not hearken to send forth the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/parallel/exodus/11-10.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></span></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheadingv"><b>Audio Bible</b></div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/kVae3PiKqhs?start=2680" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><div class="vheadingv"><b>Context</b></div><span class="hdg"><a href="/bsb/exodus/11.htm">The Plague on the Firstborn Foretold</a></span><br>…<span class="reftext">9</span>The LORD said to Moses, “Pharaoh will not listen to you, so that My wonders may be multiplied in the land of Egypt.” <span class="reftext">10</span><span class="highl"><a href="/hebrew/4872.htm" title="4872: ū·mō·šeh (Conj-w:: N-proper-ms) -- A great Isr. leader, prophet and lawgiver. From mashah; drawing out, i.e. Rescued; Mosheh, the Israelite lawgiver.">Moses</a> <a href="/hebrew/175.htm" title="175: wə·’a·hă·rōn (Conj-w:: N-proper-ms) -- An elder brother of Moses. Of uncertain derivation; Aharon, the brother of Moses.">and Aaron</a> <a href="/hebrew/6213.htm" title="6213: ‘ā·śū (V-Qal-Perf-3cp) -- To do, make. A primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application.">did</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: ’eṯ- (DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/3605.htm" title="3605: kāl- (N-msc) -- The whole, all. Or kowl; from kalal; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every.">all</a> <a href="/hebrew/428.htm" title="428: hā·’êl·leh (Art:: Pro-cp) -- These. Prolonged from 'el; these or those.">these</a> <a href="/hebrew/4159.htm" title="4159: ham·mō·p̄ə·ṯîm (Art:: N-mp) -- A wonder, sign, portent. Or mopheth; from yaphah in the sense of conspicuousness; a miracle; by implication, a token or omen.">wonders</a> <a href="/hebrew/6440.htm" title="6440: lip̄·nê (Prep-l:: N-cpc) -- Face, faces. Plural of an unused noun; the face; used in a great variety of applications; also as a preposition.">before</a> <a href="/hebrew/6547.htm" title="6547: p̄ar·‘ōh (N-proper-ms) -- A title of Eg. kings. Of Egyptian derivation; Paroh, a general title of Egyptian kings.">Pharaoh,</a> <a href="/hebrew/3068.htm" title="3068: Yah·weh (N-proper-ms) -- The proper name of the God of Israel. From hayah; self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God.">but the LORD</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: ’eṯ- (DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/2388.htm" title="2388: way·ḥaz·zêq (Conj-w:: V-Piel-ConsecImperf-3ms) -- A primitive root; to fasten upon; hence, to seize, be strong, obstinate; to bind, restrain, conquer.">hardened</a> <a href="/hebrew/6547.htm" title="6547: par·‘ōh (N-proper-ms) -- A title of Eg. kings. Of Egyptian derivation; Paroh, a general title of Egyptian kings.">Pharaoh’s</a> <a href="/hebrew/3820.htm" title="3820: lêḇ (N-msc) -- A form of lebab; the heart; also used very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the centre of anything.">heart</a> <a href="/hebrew/3808.htm" title="3808: wə·lō- (Conj-w:: Adv-NegPrt) -- Not. Or lowi; or loh; a primitive particle; not; by implication, no; often used with other particles.">so that he would not</a> <a href="/hebrew/1121.htm" title="1121: bə·nê- (N-mpc) -- Son. From banah; a son, in the widest sense (like 'ab, 'ach, etc.).">let the Israelites</a> <a href="/hebrew/3478.htm" title="3478: yiś·rā·’êl (N-proper-ms) -- From sarah and 'el; he will rule as God; Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also of his posterity."></a> <a href="/hebrew/7971.htm" title="7971: šil·laḥ (V-Piel-Perf-3ms) -- To send. A primitive root; to send away, for, or out.">go out</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: ’eṯ- (DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/776.htm" title="776: mê·’ar·ṣōw (Prep-m:: N-fsc:: 3ms) -- Earth, land. From an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth.">of his land.</a> </span><div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><span class="crossverse"><a href="/exodus/7-3.htm">Exodus 7:3-4</a></span><br />But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and though I will multiply My signs and wonders in the land of Egypt, / Pharaoh will not listen to you. Then I will lay My hand on Egypt, and by mighty acts of judgment I will bring the divisions of My people the Israelites out of the land of Egypt.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/exodus/9-12.htm">Exodus 9:12</a></span><br />But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not listen to them, just as the LORD had said to Moses.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/exodus/10-1.htm">Exodus 10:1-2</a></span><br />Then the LORD said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart and the hearts of his officials, that I may perform these miraculous signs of Mine among them, / and that you may tell your children and grandchildren how severely I dealt with the Egyptians when I performed miraculous signs among them, so that all of you may know that I am the LORD.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/exodus/4-21.htm">Exodus 4:21</a></span><br />The LORD instructed Moses, “When you go back to Egypt, see that you perform before Pharaoh all the wonders that I have put within your power. But I will harden his heart so that he will not let the people go.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/exodus/14-4.htm">Exodus 14:4</a></span><br />And I will harden Pharaoh’s heart so that he will pursue them. But I will gain honor by means of Pharaoh and all his army, and the Egyptians will know that I am the LORD.” So this is what the Israelites did.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/romans/9-17.htm">Romans 9:17-18</a></span><br />For the Scripture says to Pharaoh: “I raised you up for this very purpose, that I might display My power in you, and that My name might be proclaimed in all the earth.” / Therefore God has mercy on whom He wants to have mercy, and He hardens whom He wants to harden.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/deuteronomy/6-22.htm">Deuteronomy 6:22</a></span><br />Before our eyes the LORD inflicted great and devastating signs and wonders on Egypt, on Pharaoh, and on all his household.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/psalms/105-27.htm">Psalm 105:27-28</a></span><br />They performed His miraculous signs among them, and wonders in the land of Ham. / He sent darkness, and it became dark—yet they defied His words.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/john/12-37.htm">John 12:37-40</a></span><br />Although Jesus had performed so many signs in their presence, they still did not believe in Him. / This was to fulfill the word of Isaiah the prophet: “Lord, who has believed our message? And to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?” / For this reason they were unable to believe. For again, Isaiah says: ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/acts/7-36.htm">Acts 7:36</a></span><br />He led them out and performed wonders and signs in the land of Egypt, at the Red Sea, and for forty years in the wilderness.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/hebrews/3-7.htm">Hebrews 3:7-9</a></span><br />Therefore, as the Holy Spirit says: “Today, if you hear His voice, / do not harden your hearts, as you did in the rebellion, in the day of testing in the wilderness, / where your fathers tested and tried Me, and for forty years saw My works.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_samuel/6-6.htm">1 Samuel 6:6</a></span><br />Why harden your hearts as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened theirs? When He afflicted them, did they not send the people out so they could go on their way?<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/nehemiah/9-10.htm">Nehemiah 9:10</a></span><br />You performed signs and wonders against Pharaoh, all his officials, and all the people of his land, for You knew they had acted with arrogance against our fathers. You made a name for Yourself that endures to this day.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/psalms/78-43.htm">Psalm 78:43-51</a></span><br />when He performed His signs in Egypt and His wonders in the fields of Zoan. / He turned their rivers to blood, and from their streams they could not drink. / He sent swarms of flies that devoured them, and frogs that devastated them. ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/63-12.htm">Isaiah 63:12</a></span><br />who sent His glorious arm to lead them by the right hand of Moses, who divided the waters before them to gain for Himself everlasting renown,</div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div><p class="tsk2">And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh: and the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go out of his land.</p><p class="hdg">the Lord</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/exodus/4-21.htm">Exodus 4:21</a></b></br> And the LORD said unto Moses, When thou goest to return into Egypt, see that thou do all those wonders before Pharaoh, which I have put in thine hand: but I will harden his heart, that he shall not let the people go.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/exodus/7-13.htm">Exodus 7:13,14</a></b></br> And he hardened Pharaoh's heart, that he hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had said… </p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/exodus/10-20.htm">Exodus 10:20,27</a></b></br> But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go… </p><div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/exodus/10-16.htm">Aaron</a> <a href="/exodus/11-7.htm">Children</a> <a href="/exodus/10-19.htm">Country</a> <a href="/exodus/11-8.htm">Depart</a> <a href="/exodus/10-27.htm">Hard</a> <a href="/exodus/10-27.htm">Hardened</a> <a href="/exodus/10-27.htm">Heart</a> <a href="/exodus/11-7.htm">Israel</a> <a href="/exodus/11-7.htm">Israelites</a> <a href="/exodus/11-9.htm">Moses</a> <a href="/exodus/10-2.htm">Performed</a> <a href="/exodus/11-9.htm">Pharaoh</a> <a href="/exodus/11-3.htm">Pharaoh's</a> <a href="/exodus/10-27.htm">Strengtheneth</a> <a href="/exodus/10-27.htm">Stubborn</a> <a href="/exodus/11-9.htm">Wonders</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/exodus/12-1.htm">Aaron</a> <a href="/exodus/12-3.htm">Children</a> <a href="/exodus/12-19.htm">Country</a> <a href="/exodus/12-31.htm">Depart</a> <a href="/exodus/14-4.htm">Hard</a> <a href="/exodus/14-8.htm">Hardened</a> <a href="/exodus/14-4.htm">Heart</a> <a href="/exodus/12-3.htm">Israel</a> <a href="/exodus/12-28.htm">Israelites</a> <a href="/exodus/12-1.htm">Moses</a> <a href="/exodus/36-4.htm">Performed</a> <a href="/exodus/12-29.htm">Pharaoh</a> <a href="/exodus/14-4.htm">Pharaoh's</a> <a href="/exodus/14-8.htm">Strengtheneth</a> <a href="/leviticus/26-19.htm">Stubborn</a> <a href="/exodus/15-11.htm">Wonders</a><div class="vheading2">Exodus 11</div><span class="reftext">1. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/11-1.htm">God's message to the Israelites to borrow jewels of their neighbors</a></span><br><span class="reftext">4. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/11-4.htm">Moses threatens Pharaoh with the death the firstborn</a></span><br></div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div><br /><br /> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script><br /><br /> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading"><a href="/study/exodus/11.htm">Berean Study Bible</a></div><b>Moses and Aaron</b><br />These two figures are central to the narrative of the Exodus. Moses, whose name in Hebrew (מֹשֶׁה, Moshe) means "drawn out," is a prophet and leader chosen by God to deliver the Israelites from Egyptian bondage. Aaron, his brother, serves as his spokesperson. Their partnership is a testament to God's provision and the importance of community in fulfilling divine missions. Historically, Moses and Aaron represent the leadership that God raises to guide His people, emphasizing the need for obedience and faithfulness.<p><b>did all these wonders</b><br />The "wonders" refer to the miraculous signs and plagues that God performed through Moses and Aaron to demonstrate His power and compel Pharaoh to release the Israelites. The Hebrew word for wonders (מוֹפְתִים, mofetim) signifies acts that are extraordinary and serve as divine signs. These wonders were not just displays of power but were meant to reveal God's sovereignty over creation and His commitment to His covenant people. They remind believers of God's ability to intervene supernaturally in human history.<p><b>before Pharaoh</b><br />Pharaoh, the ruler of Egypt, is a central antagonist in the Exodus narrative. His hardened heart and refusal to release the Israelites set the stage for God's mighty acts. The historical context of Pharaoh's role as a god-king in Egyptian society highlights the confrontation between the God of Israel and the gods of Egypt. This phrase underscores the direct challenge to Pharaoh's authority and the demonstration of God's supremacy over earthly powers.<p><b>but the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart</b><br />This phrase is pivotal in understanding the theological theme of divine sovereignty and human responsibility. The Hebrew word for "hardened" (חָזַק, chazaq) can mean to strengthen, make firm, or harden. In the context of Exodus, it indicates God's active role in confirming Pharaoh's own stubbornness. This hardening serves God's purpose of displaying His power and glory through the plagues and the eventual deliverance of Israel. It challenges believers to trust in God's ultimate plan, even when human hearts resist His will.<p><b>so that he would not let the Israelites go</b><br />The Israelites, God's chosen people, were enslaved in Egypt, and their liberation is central to the Exodus story. This phrase highlights the tension between God's promise of deliverance and Pharaoh's resistance. It serves as a reminder of the spiritual battle between God's purposes and human opposition. The eventual release of the Israelites foreshadows the greater deliverance found in Christ, who frees believers from the bondage of sin.<p><b>out of his land</b><br />The land of Egypt, a place of both refuge and oppression for the Israelites, symbolizes the world and its systems that often stand in opposition to God's kingdom. The phrase "out of his land" signifies the transition from slavery to freedom, from oppression to promise. It is a call to believers to leave behind the bondage of sin and enter into the freedom and promises of God. This deliverance is a precursor to the ultimate redemption found in Jesus Christ, who leads His people into eternal life.<div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/exodus/11.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 10.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">Moses and Aaron did all these plagues before Pharaoh</span>. Aaron's agency is not always mentioned, and seems to have been less marked in the later than in the earlier miracles, Moses gradually gaining self-reliance. In passing from the subject of the plagues wrought by the two brothers, it may be useful to give a synopsis of them, distinguishing those which came without warning from those which were announced beforehand, and noting, where possible, their actual worker, their duration, their physical source, and the hurt which they did. <p> <p> <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/commentaries/exodus/11-10.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a></span><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div><span class="word">Moses</span><br /><span class="heb">וּמֹשֶׁ֣ה</span> <span class="translit">(ū·mō·šeh)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_4872.htm">Strong's 4872: </a> </span><span class="str2">Moses -- a great Israelite leader, prophet and lawgiver</span><br /><br /><span class="word">and Aaron</span><br /><span class="heb">וְאַהֲרֹ֗ן</span> <span class="translit">(wə·’a·hă·rōn)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_175.htm">Strong's 175: </a> </span><span class="str2">Aaron -- an elder brother of Moses</span><br /><br /><span class="word">did</span><br /><span class="heb">עָשׂ֛וּ</span> <span class="translit">(‘ā·śū)</span><br /><span class="parse">Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_6213.htm">Strong's 6213: </a> </span><span class="str2">To do, make</span><br /><br /><span class="word">all</span><br /><span class="heb">כָּל־</span> <span class="translit">(kāl-)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - masculine singular construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3605.htm">Strong's 3605: </a> </span><span class="str2">The whole, all, any, every</span><br /><br /><span class="word">these</span><br /><span class="heb">הָאֵ֖לֶּה</span> <span class="translit">(hā·’êl·leh)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article | Pronoun - common plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_428.htm">Strong's 428: </a> </span><span class="str2">These, those</span><br /><br /><span class="word">wonders</span><br /><span class="heb">הַמֹּפְתִ֥ים</span> <span class="translit">(ham·mō·p̄ə·ṯîm)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article | Noun - masculine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_4159.htm">Strong's 4159: </a> </span><span class="str2">A miracle, a token, omen</span><br /><br /><span class="word">before</span><br /><span class="heb">לִפְנֵ֣י</span> <span class="translit">(lip̄·nê)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition-l | Noun - common plural construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_6440.htm">Strong's 6440: </a> </span><span class="str2">The face</span><br /><br /><span class="word">Pharaoh,</span><br /><span class="heb">פַרְעֹ֑ה</span> <span class="translit">(p̄ar·‘ōh)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_6547.htm">Strong's 6547: </a> </span><span class="str2">Pharaoh -- a title of Egypt kings</span><br /><br /><span class="word">but the LORD</span><br /><span class="heb">יְהוָה֙</span> <span class="translit">(Yah·weh)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3068.htm">Strong's 3068: </a> </span><span class="str2">LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel</span><br /><br /><span class="word">hardened</span><br /><span class="heb">וַיְחַזֵּ֤ק</span> <span class="translit">(way·ḥaz·zêq)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_2388.htm">Strong's 2388: </a> </span><span class="str2">To fasten upon, to seize, be strong, obstinate, to bind, restrain, conquer</span><br /><br /><span class="word">Pharaoh’s</span><br /><span class="heb">פַּרְעֹ֔ה</span> <span class="translit">(par·‘ōh)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_6547.htm">Strong's 6547: </a> </span><span class="str2">Pharaoh -- a title of Egypt kings</span><br /><br /><span class="word">heart</span><br /><span class="heb">לֵ֣ב</span> <span class="translit">(lêḇ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - masculine singular construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3820.htm">Strong's 3820: </a> </span><span class="str2">The heart, the feelings, the will, the intellect, centre</span><br /><br /><span class="word">so that he would not</span><br /><span class="heb">וְלֹֽא־</span> <span class="translit">(wə·lō-)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3808.htm">Strong's 3808: </a> </span><span class="str2">Not, no</span><br /><br /><span class="word">let the Israelites</span><br /><span class="heb">בְּנֵֽי־</span> <span class="translit">(bə·nê-)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - masculine plural construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_1121.htm">Strong's 1121: </a> </span><span class="str2">A son</span><br /><br /><span class="word">go out</span><br /><span class="heb">שִׁלַּ֥ח</span> <span class="translit">(šil·laḥ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_7971.htm">Strong's 7971: </a> </span><span class="str2">To send away, for, out</span><br /><br /><span class="word">of his land.</span><br /><span class="heb">מֵאַרְצֽוֹ׃</span> <span class="translit">(mê·’ar·ṣōw)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_776.htm">Strong's 776: </a> </span><span class="str2">Earth, land</span><br /><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/exodus/11-10.htm">Exodus 11:10 NIV</a><br /><a href="/nlt/exodus/11-10.htm">Exodus 11:10 NLT</a><br /><a href="/esv/exodus/11-10.htm">Exodus 11:10 ESV</a><br /><a href="/nasb/exodus/11-10.htm">Exodus 11:10 NASB</a><br /><a href="/kjv/exodus/11-10.htm">Exodus 11:10 KJV</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="//bibleapps.com/exodus/11-10.htm">Exodus 11:10 BibleApps.com</a><br /><a href="//bibliaparalela.com/exodus/11-10.htm">Exodus 11:10 Biblia Paralela</a><br /><a href="//holybible.com.cn/exodus/11-10.htm">Exodus 11:10 Chinese Bible</a><br /><a href="//saintebible.com/exodus/11-10.htm">Exodus 11:10 French Bible</a><br /><a href="/catholic/exodus/11-10.htm">Exodus 11:10 Catholic Bible</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/exodus/11-10.htm">OT Law: Exodus 11:10 Moses and Aaron did all these wonders (Exo. Ex) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/exodus/11-9.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Exodus 11:9"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Exodus 11:9" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/exodus/12-1.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Exodus 12:1"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Exodus 12:1" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>