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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Genesis narrative</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Genesis_narrative-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Genesis narrative subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Genesis_narrative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Birth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Birth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Binding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Binding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Binding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Binding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Family life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Migration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Migration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Migration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Migration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Birthright" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birthright"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Birthright</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birthright-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burial_site" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burial_site"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Burial site</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burial_site-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jewish_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jewish_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Jewish views</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jewish_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christian_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christian_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Christian views</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Christian_views-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Christian views subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Christian_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_Testament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Testament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>New Testament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Testament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islamic_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islamic_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Islamic views</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Islamic_views-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Islamic views subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Islamic_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Quran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Quran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academic_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Academic views</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academic_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>In art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Isaac</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 92 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-92" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">92 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishaq" title="Ishaq – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Ishaq" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isak" title="Isak – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Isak" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaak_(Erzvater)" title="Isaak (Erzvater) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Isaak (Erzvater)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%AD%E1%88%B5%E1%88%90%E1%89%85" title="ይስሐቅ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ይስሐቅ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%82" title="إسحاق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إسحاق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0shaq" title="İshaq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İshaq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95" title="ইস্‌হাক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইস্‌হাক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Ісак – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ісак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Ісаак – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ісаак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Исаак – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Исаак" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%82" title="ཨི་སཱག – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨི་སཱག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izaag" title="Izaag – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Izaag" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Isaac" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Isaac" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iz%C3%A1k" title="Izák – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Izák" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Isaac" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isak_(patriark)" title="Isak (patriark) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Isak (patriark)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaak" title="Isaak – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Isaak" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iisak" title="Iisak – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Iisak" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%AC%CE%BA" title="Ισαάκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ισαάκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Isaac" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaako" title="Isaako – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Isaako" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaak" title="Isaak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Isaak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isak" title="Isak – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Isak" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%82" title="اسحاق – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسحاق" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dsakur" title="Ísakur – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Ísakur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Isaac" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iza%C3%A4k_(aartsfaar)" title="Izaäk (aartsfaar) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Izaäk (aartsfaar)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dos%C3%A1c" title="Íosác – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Íosác" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Isaac" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%95%85" title="이사악 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이사악" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishaaq" title="Ishaaq – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ishaaq" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="इसहाक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इसहाक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izak" title="Izak – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Izak" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishak" title="Ishak – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ishak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isacco" title="Isacco – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Isacco" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%97%D7%A7" title="יצחק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יצחק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%90%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D" title="ಐಸ್ಯಾಕ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಐಸ್ಯಾಕ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ისააკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ისააკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB%D1%81%D2%9B%D0%B0%D2%9B" title="Ысқақ – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ысқақ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaka" title="Isaka – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Isaka" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Eshaq" title="Îshaq – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îshaq" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Its.hak" title="Its.hak – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Its.hak" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%85%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81" title="ИсхӀакъ идавс – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="ИсхӀакъ идавс" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Isaac" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%AAz%C4%81ks" title="Īzāks – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Īzāks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izaokas" title="Izaokas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Izaokas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izs%C3%A1k_(%C3%81brah%C3%A1m_fia)" title="Izsák (Ábrahám fia) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Izsák (Ábrahám fia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Исак – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Исак" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaaka_(zanak%27_i_Abrahama)" title="Isaaka (zanak' i Abrahama) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Isaaka (zanak' i Abrahama)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF" title="ഇസ്ഹാഖ് നബി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇസ്ഹാഖ് നബി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%82" title="اسحاق – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اسحاق" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaak_(aartsvader)" title="Isaak (aartsvader) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Isaak (aartsvader)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B5%E3%82%AF" title="イサク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イサク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Исхьакъ – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Исхьакъ" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isak" title="Isak – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Isak" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriarken_Isak" title="Patriarken Isak – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Patriarken Isak" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Isaac" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishoq" title="Ishoq – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ishoq" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%82" title="حضرت اسحاق – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="حضرت اسحاق" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%82" title="اسحاق – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اسحاق" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izaak" title="Izaak – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Izaak" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Isaac" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isac_(personaj_biblic)" title="Isac (personaj biblic) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Isac (personaj biblic)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Isaac" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Исаак – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Исаак" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB%D1%81%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Ысхаак – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ысхаак" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="حضرت اسحاق علیہ السلام – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="حضرت اسحاق علیہ السلام" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaku" title="Isaku – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Isaku" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Isaac" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%82" title="اسحاق – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اسحاق" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabi_Isxaaq_C.S." title="Nabi Isxaaq C.S. – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Nabi Isxaaq C.S." data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%82" title="ئیسحاق – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیسحاق" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Исак – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Исак" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iisak" title="Iisak – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Iisak" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isak_(Bibeln)" title="Isak (Bibeln) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Isak (Bibeln)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Isaac" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%88%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="ஈசாக்கு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஈசாக்கு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%90%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D" title="ఐజాక్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఐజాక్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%84" title="อิสอัค – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อิสอัค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0shak" title="İshak – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İshak" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yshak" title="Yshak – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Yshak" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BA_(%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Ісаак (син Авраама) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ісаак (син Авраама)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%82" title="اسحاق – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اسحاق" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%B3%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%DB%95%D9%8A%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ئىسھاق ئەلەيھىسسالام – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىسھاق ئەلەيھىسسالام" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Isaac" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Isaac" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E6%92%92" title="以撒 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="以撒" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%97%D7%A7_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95" title="יצחק אבינו – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יצחק אבינו" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E6%92%92" title="以撒 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="以撒" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0shaq" title="İshaq – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İshaq" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Isaac_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Isaac (disambiguation)">Isaac (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Isaac</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%;">יִצְחָק</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribera_-_Isaac_y_Jacob,_P001118_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Ribera_-_Isaac_y_Jacob%2C_P001118_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Ribera_-_Isaac_y_Jacob%2C_P001118_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Ribera_-_Isaac_y_Jacob%2C_P001118_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Ribera_-_Isaac_y_Jacob%2C_P001118_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Ribera_-_Isaac_y_Jacob%2C_P001118_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="435" data-file-height="579" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Detail of Isaac from <i><a href="/wiki/Isaac_and_Jacob" title="Isaac and Jacob">Isaac and Jacob</a></i> (1637) by <a href="/wiki/Jusepe_de_Ribera" title="Jusepe de Ribera">Jusepe de Ribera</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rebecca" title="Rebecca">Rebecca</a> (also spelled Rebekah)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esau" title="Esau">Esau</a> (older twin son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a> (younger twin son)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> (father)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Sarah" title="Sarah">Sarah</a> (mother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Family</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ishmael" title="Ishmael">Ishmael</a> (half-brother/half-cousin, first born of Abraham, son of <a href="/wiki/Hagar" title="Hagar">Hagar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimran" title="Zimran">Zimran</a> (half-brother/half-cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jokshan" title="Jokshan">Jokshan</a> (half-brother/half-cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medan_(son_of_Abraham)" class="mw-redirect" title="Medan (son of Abraham)">Medan</a> (half-brother/half-cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midian_(son_of_Abraham)" class="mw-redirect" title="Midian (son of Abraham)">Midian</a> (half-brother/half-cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishbak" title="Ishbak">Ishbak</a> (half-brother/half-cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuah" title="Shuah">Shuah</a> (half-brother/half-cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terah" title="Terah">Terah</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haran" title="Haran">Haran</a> (uncle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahor,_son_of_Terah" title="Nahor, son of Terah">Nahor</a> (uncle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milcah" title="Milcah">Milcah</a> (cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot_(biblical_person)" title="Lot (biblical person)">Lot</a> (cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethuel" title="Bethuel">Bethuel</a> (cousin/father-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laban_(Bible)" title="Laban (Bible)">Laban</a> (brother-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leah" title="Leah">Leah</a> (daughter-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel" title="Rachel">Rachel</a> (daughter-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Tribes_of_Israel" title="Twelve Tribes of Israel">Twelve Tribes of Israel</a> (grandsons)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinah" title="Dinah">Dinah</a> (granddaughter)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Isaac</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is one of the three <a href="/wiki/Patriarchs_(Bible)" title="Patriarchs (Bible)">patriarchs</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a> and an important figure in the <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. Isaac first appears in the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>, in which he is the son of <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarah" title="Sarah">Sarah</a>, the father of <a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a> and <a href="/wiki/Esau" title="Esau">Esau</a>, and the grandfather of the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Tribes_of_Israel" title="Twelve Tribes of Israel">twelve tribes of Israel</a>. </p><p>Isaac's name means "he will laugh", reflecting the laughter, in disbelief, of Abraham and Sarah, when told by God that they would have a child.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEdeClaise-Walford2000647_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEdeClaise-Walford2000647-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is the only patriarch whose name was not changed, and the only one who did not move out of <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEdeClaise-Walford2000647_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEdeClaise-Walford2000647-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the narrative, he died aged 180, the longest-lived of the three patriarchs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEdeClaise-Walford2000647_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEdeClaise-Walford2000647-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Anglicized" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicized">anglicized</a> name "Isaac" is a transliteration of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> name <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">יִצְחָק</span>‎</span></span> (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">Yīṣḥāq</i></span>) which literally means "He laughs/will laugh". <a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugaritic language">Ugaritic</a> texts dating from the 13th century BCE refer to the benevolent smile of the <a href="/wiki/Canaanite_religion" title="Canaanite religion">Canaanite</a> deity <a href="/wiki/El_(deity)" title="El (deity)">El</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EoR-Isaac_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoR-Isaac-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i> <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a></i> ascribes the laughter to Isaac's parents, <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarah" title="Sarah">Sarah</a>, instead. According to the biblical narrative, Abraham fell on his face and laughed when God (Hebrew, <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Elohim" title="Elohim">Elohim</a></i></span>) imparted the news of their son's eventual birth. He laughed because Sarah was past the age of childbearing; both she and Abraham were advanced in age. Later, when Sarah overheard three messengers of the Lord renew the promise, she laughed inwardly for the same reason. Sarah denied laughing when God questioned Abraham about it.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genesis_narrative">Genesis narrative</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Genesis narrative"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birth">Birth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Birth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After God changes Abram and Sarai's names to <i>Abraham</i> and <i>Sarah</i>, he tells <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> that he will bear a second son by <a href="/wiki/Sarah" title="Sarah">Sarah</a> named Isaac, with whom a new covenant would be established. In response, Abraham began to laugh, as both he and Sarah were well beyond natural child-bearing age.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some time later, three men who Abraham identifies as messengers of God visit him and Sarah, and Abraham treats them to food and niceties. They repeat the prophecy that Sarah would bear a child, promising Isaac's birth within a year's time, at which point Sarah laughs in disbelief.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> God questions why the pair laughed in disbelief at his words, and if it is because they believe such things were not within his power. Now afraid, they futilely deny ever having laughed at God's words.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Time passes as Isaac is born.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Isaac was Abraham's second son and firstborn of Sarah who was then Sarai. Sarai had been barren for a long time and sought a way to fulfill God's promise that Abram would be father of many nations, especially since they had grown old, so she offered <a href="/wiki/Hagar" title="Hagar">Hagar</a> to Abram to be his concubine.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the eighth day from his birth, Isaac was <a href="/wiki/Religious_male_circumcision" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious male circumcision">circumcised</a>, as was necessary for all males of Abraham's household, in order to be in compliance with the <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> covenant.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Isaac had been weaned, Sarah saw <a href="/wiki/Ishmael" title="Ishmael">Ishmael</a> playing with or mocking him (the Hebrew term is ambiguous),<sup id="cite_ref-Whedbee1998_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whedbee1998-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and urged her husband to cast out Hagar the bondservant and her son, so that Isaac would be Abraham's sole heir. Abraham was hesitant, but at God's order he listened to his wife's request.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Binding">Binding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Binding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beit_alfa02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Beit_alfa02.jpg/220px-Beit_alfa02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Beit_alfa02.jpg/330px-Beit_alfa02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Beit_alfa02.jpg/440px-Beit_alfa02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="386" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Akedah</i> (Binding), mosaic on the floor of <a href="/wiki/Beit_Alfa_Synagogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Beit Alfa Synagogue">Beit Alfa Synagogue</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Binding_of_Isaac" title="Binding of Isaac">Binding of Isaac</a></div> <p>At some point in Isaac's youth, his father Abraham took him to Mount <a href="/wiki/Moriah" title="Moriah">Moriah</a>. At God's command as the last of ten trials to test his faith, Abraham was to build a sacrificial altar and sacrifice his son Isaac upon it. After he had bound his son to the altar and drawn his knife to kill him, at the last moment an <a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">angel</a> of God prevented Abraham from proceeding. Instead, he was directed to sacrifice a nearby ram that was stuck in thickets.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_life">Family life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Family life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Esau_and_Jacob_Presented_to_Isaac.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Esau_and_Jacob_Presented_to_Isaac.jpg/220px-Esau_and_Jacob_Presented_to_Isaac.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Esau_and_Jacob_Presented_to_Isaac.jpg/330px-Esau_and_Jacob_Presented_to_Isaac.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Esau_and_Jacob_Presented_to_Isaac.jpg 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="291" /></a><figcaption>The birth of Esau and Jacob, as painted by <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_West" title="Benjamin West">Benjamin West</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Before Isaac was 40 (Genesis 25:20),<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abraham sent <a href="/wiki/Eliezer" title="Eliezer">Eliezer</a>, his steward, into <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> to find a wife for Isaac, from his nephew <a href="/wiki/Bethuel" title="Bethuel">Bethuel</a>'s family. Eliezer chose the <a href="/wiki/Aramean" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramean">Aramean</a> <a href="/wiki/Rebecca" title="Rebecca">Rebekah</a> for Isaac. After many years of marriage to Isaac, Rebekah had still not given birth to a child and was believed to be barren. Isaac prayed for her and she conceived. Rebekah gave birth to twin boys, <a href="/wiki/Esau" title="Esau">Esau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a>. Isaac was 60 years old when his two sons were born.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Isaac favored Esau, and Rebekah favored Jacob.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The narratives about Isaac do not mention his having concubines.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Migration">Migration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Migration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Isaac moved to <i><a href="/wiki/Abraham#Hagar" title="Abraham">Beer-lahai-roi</a></i> after his father died.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the land experienced famine, he moved to the <a href="/wiki/Philistines" title="Philistines">Philistine</a> land of <a href="/wiki/Gerar" title="Gerar">Gerar</a> where his father once lived. This land was still under the control of <a href="/wiki/Abimelech" title="Abimelech">King Abimelech</a> as it was in the days of Abraham. Like his father, Isaac also pretended that Rebekah was his sister due to fear that Abimelech would kill him in order to take her. He had gone back to all of the wells that his father dug and saw that they were all stopped up with earth. The Philistines did this after Abraham died. So, Isaac unearthed them and began to dig for more wells all the way to <a href="/wiki/Beersheba" title="Beersheba">Beersheba</a>, where he made a pact with Abimelech, just like in the day of his father.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birthright">Birthright</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Birthright"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Isaac grew old and became blind. He called his son Esau and directed him to procure some venison for him, in order to receive Isaac's blessing. While Esau was hunting, Jacob, after listening to his mother's advice, deceived his blind father by misrepresenting himself as Esau and thereby obtained his father's blessing, such that Jacob became Isaac's primary heir and Esau was left in an inferior position. According to Genesis 25:29–34,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Esau had previously sold his birthright to Jacob for "bread and stew of lentils". Thereafter, Isaac sent Jacob into Mesopotamia to take a wife of his mother's brother's house. After 20 years working for his uncle <a href="/wiki/Laban_(Bible)" title="Laban (Bible)">Laban</a>, Jacob returned home. He reconciled with his twin brother Esau, then he and Esau buried their father, Isaac, in Hebron after he died at the age of 180.<sup id="cite_ref-JewishEncyclopedia_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JewishEncyclopedia-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Burial_site">Burial site</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Burial site"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hebron_Grab_der_Patriarchen_(Moschee)_Innen_Grab_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hebron_Grab_der_Patriarchen_%28Moschee%29_Innen_Grab_1.JPG/220px-Hebron_Grab_der_Patriarchen_%28Moschee%29_Innen_Grab_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hebron_Grab_der_Patriarchen_%28Moschee%29_Innen_Grab_1.JPG/330px-Hebron_Grab_der_Patriarchen_%28Moschee%29_Innen_Grab_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hebron_Grab_der_Patriarchen_%28Moschee%29_Innen_Grab_1.JPG/440px-Hebron_Grab_der_Patriarchen_%28Moschee%29_Innen_Grab_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4538" data-file-height="3374" /></a><figcaption>Tomb in the <a href="/wiki/Cave_of_the_Patriarchs" title="Cave of the Patriarchs">Cave of the Patriarchs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a></figcaption></figure> <p>According to local tradition, the graves of Isaac and <a href="/wiki/Rebecca" title="Rebecca">Rebekah</a>, along with the graves of Abraham and Sarah and Jacob and <a href="/wiki/Leah" title="Leah">Leah</a>, are in the <a href="/wiki/Cave_of_the_Patriarchs" title="Cave of the Patriarchs">Cave of the Patriarchs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jewish_views">Jewish views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Jewish views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">rabbinical tradition</a>, the age of Isaac at the time of binding is taken to be 37, which contrasts with common portrayals of Isaac as a child.<sup id="cite_ref-New_EoJ_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_EoJ-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbis</a> also thought that the reason for the death of Sarah was the news of the intended sacrifice of Isaac.<sup id="cite_ref-New_EoJ_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_EoJ-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sacrifice of Isaac is cited in appeals for the <a href="/wiki/Atonement_in_Judaism" title="Atonement in Judaism">mercy of God</a> in later <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica-Isaac_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-Isaac-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The post-biblical Jewish interpretations often elaborate the role of Isaac beyond the biblical description and primarily focus on Abraham's intended sacrifice of Isaac, called the <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">aqedah</i></span> ("binding").<sup id="cite_ref-EoR-Isaac_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoR-Isaac-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a version of these interpretations, Isaac died in the sacrifice and was revived.<sup id="cite_ref-EoR-Isaac_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoR-Isaac-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to many accounts of <a href="/wiki/Aggadah" title="Aggadah">Aggadah</a>, unlike the Bible, it is <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a> who is testing Isaac as an agent of <a href="/wiki/God_in_Judaism" title="God in Judaism">God</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brill's_New_Pauly_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brill's_New_Pauly-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Isaac's willingness to follow God's command at the cost of his death has been a model for many Jews who preferred <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyrdom</a> to violation of the <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Jewish law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-New_EoJ_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_EoJ-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the Jewish tradition, Isaac instituted the afternoon prayer. This tradition is based on Genesis chapter 24, verse 63<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ("Isaac went out to meditate in the field at the eventide").<sup id="cite_ref-New_EoJ_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_EoJ-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Isaac was the only <a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">patriarch</a> who stayed in Canaan during his whole life and though once he tried to leave, God told him not to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rabbinic tradition gave the explanation that Isaac was almost sacrificed and anything dedicated as a sacrifice may not leave the <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-New_EoJ_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_EoJ-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Isaac was the oldest of the biblical patriarchs at the time of his death, and the only patriarch whose name was not changed.<sup id="cite_ref-EoR-Isaac_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoR-Isaac-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Easton_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Easton-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rabbinic literature also linked Isaac's blindness in old age, as stated in the Bible, to the sacrificial binding: Isaac's eyes went blind because the tears of angels present at the time of his sacrifice fell on Isaac's eyes.<sup id="cite_ref-Brill's_New_Pauly_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brill's_New_Pauly-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christian_views">Christian views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Christian views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AbrahamIsaac.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/AbrahamIsaac.jpg/220px-AbrahamIsaac.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/AbrahamIsaac.jpg/330px-AbrahamIsaac.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/AbrahamIsaac.jpg/440px-AbrahamIsaac.jpg 2x" data-file-width="507" data-file-height="629" /></a><figcaption>Early 1900s Bible illustration depicts Isaac embracing his father Abraham after the <a href="/wiki/Binding_of_Isaac" title="Binding of Isaac">Binding of Isaac</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">early Christian church</a> continued and developed the New Testament theme of Isaac as a type of Christ and the Church being both "the son of the promise" and the "father of the faithful". <a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a> draws a parallel between Isaac's bearing the wood for the sacrificial fire with Christ's carrying his cross.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and there was a general agreement that, while all the sacrifices of the Old Law were anticipations of that on Calvary, the sacrifice of Isaac was so "in a pre-eminent way".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> and the Roman Catholic Church consider Isaac as a <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saint</a> along with other <a href="/wiki/Biblical_patriarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical patriarchs">biblical patriarchs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with those of other patriarchs and the Old Testament Righteous, his feast day is celebrated in the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Byzantine rite of the Catholic Church on the Second Sunday before Christmas (December 11–17), under the title <i>the Sunday of the Forefathers</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Isaac is commemorated in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> on 25 March<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or on 17 December.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Testament">New Testament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: New Testament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> states Isaac was "offered up" by his father Abraham, and that Isaac blessed his sons.<sup id="cite_ref-Easton_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Easton-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paul contrasted Isaac, symbolizing <a href="/wiki/Adiaphora#Christianity" title="Adiaphora">Christian liberty</a>, with the rejected older son Ishmael, symbolizing slavery;<sup id="cite_ref-EoR-Isaac_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoR-Isaac-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hagar is associated with the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai</a> covenant, while Sarah is associated with the covenant of grace, into which her son Isaac enters. The <a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_James" title="Epistle of James">Epistle of James</a> chapter 2, verses 21–24,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> states that the sacrifice of Isaac shows that justification (in the <a href="/wiki/Johannine" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannine">Johannine</a> sense) requires both faith and works.<sup id="cite_ref-EoC-Isaac_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoC-Isaac-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Epistle to the Hebrews">Epistle to the Hebrews</a>, Abraham's willingness to follow God's command to sacrifice Isaac is used as an example of faith as is Isaac's action in blessing Jacob and Esau with reference to the future promised by God to Abraham.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In verse 19, the author views the release of Isaac from sacrifice as analogous to the <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">resurrection of Jesus</a>, the idea of the sacrifice of Isaac being a prefigurement of the sacrifice of Jesus on the <a href="/wiki/Christian_cross" title="Christian cross">cross</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Islamic_views">Islamic views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Islamic views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Isaac_in_Islam" title="Isaac in Islam">Isaac in Islam</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prophet_Isaac_name_on_his_grave.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Prophet_Isaac_name_on_his_grave.jpeg/220px-Prophet_Isaac_name_on_his_grave.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Prophet_Isaac_name_on_his_grave.jpeg/330px-Prophet_Isaac_name_on_his_grave.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Prophet_Isaac_name_on_his_grave.jpeg/440px-Prophet_Isaac_name_on_his_grave.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><i>Ishaq</i> name on his grave</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> considers Isaac (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">إسحاق</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Isḥāq</i></span>) a <a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophets of Islam">prophet</a>, and describes him as the father of the <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a> and a righteous <a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God" title="Servant of God">servant of God</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Isaac, along with <a href="/wiki/Ishmael_in_Islam" title="Ishmael in Islam">Ishmael</a>, is highly important for Muslims for continuing to preach the message of <a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">monotheism</a> after his father <a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">Abraham</a>. Among Isaac's children was the follow-up Israelite patriarch <a href="/wiki/Jacob_in_Islam" title="Jacob in Islam">Jacob</a>, who is also venerated as an Islamic prophet.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Isaac is mentioned seventeen times by name in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>, often with his father and his son, Jacob.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Quran states that Abraham received "good tidings of Isaac, a prophet, of the righteous", and that God blessed them both (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/37?startingVerse=112">37:112</a>). In a fuller description, when <a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">angels</a> came to Abraham to tell him of the future punishment to be imposed on <a href="/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah" title="Sodom and Gomorrah">Sodom and Gomorrah</a>, his wife, <a href="/wiki/Sarah" title="Sarah">Sarah</a>, "laughed, and We gave her good tidings of Isaac, and after Isaac of (a grandson) Jacob" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/11?startingVerse=71">11:71–74</a>); and it is further explained that this event will take place despite Abraham and Sarah's old age. Several verses speak of Isaac as a "gift" to Abraham (6:84; 14:49–50), and 24:26–27 adds that <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a> made "prophethood and the Book to be among his offspring", which has been interpreted to refer to Abraham's two prophetic sons, his prophetic grandson Jacob, and his prophetic great-grandson <a href="/wiki/Joseph_in_Islam" title="Joseph in Islam">Joseph</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>, it later narrates that Abraham also praised God for giving him Ishmael and Isaac in his old age (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/14?startingVerse=39">14:39–41</a>). </p><p>Elsewhere in the Quran, Isaac is mentioned in lists: Joseph follows the religion of his forefathers Abraham, Isaac and Jacob (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/12?startingVerse=38">12:38</a>) and speaks of God's favor to them (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/12?startingVerse=6">12:6</a>); Jacob's sons all testify their faith and promise to worship the God that their forefathers, "Abraham, Ishmael and Isaac", worshiped (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/2?startingVerse=127">2:127</a>); and the Quran commands <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a> to believe in the revelations that were given to "Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob and the Patriarchs" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/2?startingVerse=136">2:136</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/3?startingVerse=84">3:84</a>). In the Quran's narrative of Abraham's near-sacrifice of his son (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/37?startingVerse=102">37:102</a>), the name of the son is not mentioned and debate has continued over the son's identity, though many feel that the identity is the least important element in a story which is given to show the courage that one develops through faith.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quran">Quran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Quran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Quran mentions Isaac as a prophet and a righteous man of <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a>. Isaac and Jacob are mentioned as being bestowed upon Abraham as gifts of God, who then worshipped God only and were righteous leaders in the way of God: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>And We bestowed on him Isaac and, as an additional gift, (a grandson), Jacob, and We made righteous men of every one (of them). And We made them leaders, guiding (men) by Our Command, and We sent them inspiration to do good deeds, to establish regular prayers, and to practise regular charity; and they constantly served Us (and Us only).</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Al-Anbiya" title="Al-Anbiya">Surah Al-Anbiya</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/21?startingVerse=72">21:72–73</a></cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>And WE gave him the glad tidings of Isaac, a Prophet, and one of the righteous.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/As-Saaffat" title="As-Saaffat">Surah As-Saaffat</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/37?startingVerse=112">37:112</a></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_views">Academic views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Academic views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the biblical patriarchs' names such as <a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Issachar" title="Issachar">Issachar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Asher" title="Asher">Asher</a> can be found in Middle Bronze Age (MBA), which is a period that most biblical scholars believe that the Biblical Patriarchs lived in, text like <a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt">13th Dynasty</a> <a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Brooklyn_35.1446" title="Papyrus Brooklyn 35.1446">Papyrus Brooklyn 35.1446</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and there were Semitic tribal group named <a href="/wiki/Benjamin" title="Benjamin">Benjamin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Syria</a> at that time<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, this does not prove the historicity of Patriarchs' narratives as these are the common Semitic names that were used in the later periods as well. </p><p>Some scholars have described Isaac as "a <a href="/wiki/Legend" title="Legend">legendary</a> figure" or "as a figure representing <a href="/wiki/Tribe" title="Tribe">tribal</a> history, or "as a <a href="/wiki/Nomad" title="Nomad">seminomadic</a> leader".<sup id="cite_ref-EoC1-Isaac_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoC1-Isaac-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stories of Isaac, like other patriarchal stories of Genesis, are generally believed to have "their origin in folk memories and oral traditions of the early Hebrew <a href="/wiki/Pastoralism" title="Pastoralism">pastoralist</a> experience".<sup id="cite_ref-EoCol-Isaac_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoCol-Isaac-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Cambridge Companion to the Bible</i> makes the following comment on the biblical stories of the patriarchs: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Yet for all that these stories maintain a distance between their world and that of their time of literary growth and composition, they reflect the political realities of the later periods. Many of the narratives deal with the relationship between the ancestors and peoples who were part of Israel's political world at the time the stories began to be written down (eighth century B.C.E.). Lot is the ancestor of the Transjordanian peoples of Ammon and Moab, and Ishmael personifies the nomadic peoples known to have inhabited north Arabia, although located in the Old Testament in the Negev. Esau personifies Edom (36:1), and Laban represents the Aramean states to Israel's north. A persistent theme is that of difference between the ancestors and the indigenous Canaanites… In fact, the theme of the differences between Judah and Israel, as personified by the ancestors, and the neighboring peoples of the time of the monarchy is pressed effectively into theological service to articulate the choosing by God of Judah and Israel to bring blessing to all peoples.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Martin_Noth" title="Martin Noth">Martin Noth</a>, a scholar of the Hebrew Bible, the narratives of Isaac date back to an older cultural stage than that of the West-Jordanian Jacob.<sup id="cite_ref-EoC1-Isaac_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoC1-Isaac-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that era, the <a href="/wiki/Israelite" class="mw-redirect" title="Israelite">Israelite</a> tribes were not yet sedentary. In the course of looking for grazing areas, they had come in contact in southern <a href="/wiki/Philistia" title="Philistia">Philistia</a> with the inhabitants of the settled countryside.<sup id="cite_ref-EoC1-Isaac_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoC1-Isaac-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has also been argued that the form of Isaac's name as found in the Hebrew Bible is most frequently attested in the early 2nd millennium BCE rather than in later periods.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The biblical historian A. Jopsen believes in the connection between the Isaac traditions and the north, and in support of this theory adduces <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Amos" title="Book of Amos">Amos</a> 7:9 ("the high places of Isaac").<sup id="cite_ref-EoC1-Isaac_47-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoC1-Isaac-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Alt" title="Albrecht Alt">Albrecht Alt</a> and Martin Noth hold that, "The figure of Isaac was enhanced when the theme of promise, previously bound to the cults of the 'God the Fathers' was incorporated into the Israelite creed during the southern-Palestinian stage of the growth of the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Pentateuch</a> tradition."<sup id="cite_ref-EoC1-Isaac_47-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoC1-Isaac-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Martin Noth, at the Southern Palestinian stage of the growth of the Pentateuch tradition, Isaac became established as one of the biblical patriarchs, but his traditions were receded in the favor of Abraham.<sup id="cite_ref-EoC1-Isaac_47-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoC1-Isaac-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Israel_Finkelstein" title="Israel Finkelstein">Israel Finkelstein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_R%C3%B6mer" title="Thomas Römer">Thomas Römer</a> have proposed that Isaac might be the ancestor worshipped in <a href="/wiki/Beersheba" title="Beersheba">Beersheba</a> and the oldest tradition about him might be an ancestor myth dating back to at least 8th century BCE as shown in Amos 7:9, while proposing that the story about him conflicting with Abimelech, king of Gerar, and Philistines, which is the story that has possibility that Abraham cycle could have vampirized or vice versa, could have been originated and have background in 7th century BCE, and could be made to aim at justifying and legitimizing the claim of Judah over the Judahite territories that are transferred to the Philistine cities by <a href="/wiki/Sennacherib" title="Sennacherib">Sennacherib</a> because of several reasons: it was time when Gerar (<a href="/wiki/Tel_Haror" title="Tel Haror">Tel Haror</a>) had the special importance and fortified Assyrian administration center; there was king of <a href="/wiki/Ashdod" title="Ashdod">Ashdod</a>, Ahimilki, whose name is similar to that of Abimelech; the Kingdom of Judah could have gotten back parts of Judahite territories while Judah was a compliant vassal of Assyria under <a href="/wiki/Manasseh_of_Judah" title="Manasseh of Judah">Manasseh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:FR_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:FR-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, Finkelstein and Römer proposed that Abraham might be the ancestor worshipped in Hebron, and Jacob might be the ancestor worshipped in Israel, but the earliest tradition of Jacob, the tradition about him and his uncle Laban the Aramean establishing the border between them, might be originated in Gilead.<sup id="cite_ref-:FR_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:FR-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_art">In art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: In art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2138_-_Milano_-_Abbazia_di_Viboldone_-_Giusto_de%27_Menabuoi,_Storie_di_Isacco_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto,.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/2138_-_Milano_-_Abbazia_di_Viboldone_-_Giusto_de%27_Menabuoi%2C_Storie_di_Isacco_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C.jpg/220px-2138_-_Milano_-_Abbazia_di_Viboldone_-_Giusto_de%27_Menabuoi%2C_Storie_di_Isacco_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/2138_-_Milano_-_Abbazia_di_Viboldone_-_Giusto_de%27_Menabuoi%2C_Storie_di_Isacco_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C.jpg/330px-2138_-_Milano_-_Abbazia_di_Viboldone_-_Giusto_de%27_Menabuoi%2C_Storie_di_Isacco_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/2138_-_Milano_-_Abbazia_di_Viboldone_-_Giusto_de%27_Menabuoi%2C_Storie_di_Isacco_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C.jpg/440px-2138_-_Milano_-_Abbazia_di_Viboldone_-_Giusto_de%27_Menabuoi%2C_Storie_di_Isacco_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><i>Stories of Jacob and Isaac</i> by <a href="/wiki/Giusto_de%27_Menabuoi" title="Giusto de' Menabuoi">Giusto de' Menabuoi</a> (14th century)</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest Christian portrayal of Isaac is found in the <a href="/wiki/Catacombs_of_Rome" title="Catacombs of Rome">Roman catacomb</a> <a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">frescoes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Early_Christian_Art_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Early_Christian_Art-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Excluding the fragments, Alison Moore Smith classifies these artistic works in three categories: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Abraham leads Isaac towards the altar; or Isaac approaches with the bundle of sticks, Abraham having preceded him to the place of offering <abbr style="text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px dotted black;margin-bottom:1px;" title="quote text omitted">...</abbr> Abraham is upon a pedestal and Isaac stands near at hand, both figures in orant <a href="/wiki/Attitude_(art)" title="Attitude (art)">attitude</a> <abbr style="text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px dotted black;margin-bottom:1px;" title="quote text omitted">...</abbr> Abraham is shown about to sacrifice Isaac while the latter stands or kneels on the ground beside the altar. Sometimes Abraham grasps Isaac by the hair. Occasionally the ram is added to the scene and in the later paintings the <a href="/wiki/Hand_of_God_(art)" title="Hand of God (art)">Hand of God</a> emerges from above.<sup id="cite_ref-Early_Christian_Art_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Early_Christian_Art-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/24px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/36px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/48px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Judaism" title="Portal:Judaism">Judaism portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/27px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/40px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/54px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_and_Quranic_narratives" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical and Quranic narratives">Biblical and Quranic narratives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Isaac" title="Testament of Isaac">Testament of Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wife%E2%80%93sister_narratives_in_the_Book_of_Genesis" title="Wife–sister narratives in the Book of Genesis">Wife–sister narratives in the Book of Genesis</a> – three such narratives, involving Abraham (two) and Isaac (one)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">EYE</span>-zək</i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Hebrew language">Biblical Hebrew</a>: <span lang="hbo" dir="rtl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">יִצְחָק</span>‎</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">Yīṣḥāq</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ἰσαάκ</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Isaák</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">إسحٰق/إسحاق</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Isḥāq</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Amharic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Amharic language">Amharic</a>: <span lang="am">ይስሐቅ</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0117.htm#15">Genesis 17:15–19</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0118.htm#10">Genesis 18:10–15</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEdeClaise-Walford2000647-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEdeClaise-Walford2000647_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEdeClaise-Walford2000647_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEdeClaise-Walford2000647_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFdeClaise-Walford2000">deClaise-Walford 2000</a>, p. 647.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EoR-Isaac-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EoR-Isaac_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoR-Isaac_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoR-Isaac_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoR-Isaac_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoR-Isaac_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Encyclopedia of Religion</i>, <i>Isaac</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSingerBroydé1901–1906" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Isidore_Singer" title="Isidore Singer">Singer, Isidore</a>; <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Broyd%C3%A9" title="Isaac Broydé">Broydé, Isaac</a> (1901–1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=174&letter=I&search=Isaac">"Isaac"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Isidore_Singer" title="Isidore Singer">Singe, Isidore</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Adler" title="Cyrus Adler">Adler, Cyrus</a>; et al. (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="The Jewish Encyclopedia">The Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Funk_%26_Wagnalls" title="Funk & Wagnalls">Funk & Wagnalls</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Isaac&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Funk+%26+Wagnalls&rft.date=1901%2F1906&rft.aulast=Singer&rft.aufirst=Isidore&rft.au=Broyd%C3%A9%2C+Isaac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishencyclopedia.com%2Fview.jsp%3Fartid%3D174%26letter%3DI%26search%3DIsaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHirschBacherLauterbachJacobs1901–1906" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Emil_G._Hirsch" title="Emil G. Hirsch">Hirsch, Emil G.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Bacher" title="Wilhelm Bacher">Bacher, Wilhelm</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zallel_Lauterbach" title="Jacob Zallel Lauterbach">Lauterbach, Jacob Zallel</a>; <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Jacobs" title="Joseph Jacobs">Jacobs, Joseph</a>; Montgomery, Mary W. (1901–1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=245&letter=S&search=sarah">"Sarah (Sarai)"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Isidore_Singer" title="Isidore Singer">Singer, Isidore</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Adler" title="Cyrus Adler">Adler, Cyrus</a>; et al. (eds.). <i>The Jewish Encyclopedia</i>. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sarah+%28Sarai%29&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Funk+%26+Wagnalls&rft.date=1901%2F1906&rft.aulast=Hirsch&rft.aufirst=Emil+G.&rft.au=Bacher%2C+Wilhelm&rft.au=Lauterbach%2C+Jacob+Zallel&rft.au=Jacobs%2C+Joseph&rft.au=Montgomery%2C+Mary+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishencyclopedia.com%2Fview.jsp%3Fartid%3D245%26letter%3DS%26search%3Dsarah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0117.htm#15">Genesis 17:15–19</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0118.htm#10">Genesis 18:10–12</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0118.htm#13">Genesis 18:13–15</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0121.htm#1">Genesis 21:1–7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0116.htm#1">Genesis 16:1–3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0121.htm#1">Genesis 21:1–5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whedbee1998-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Whedbee1998_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._William_Whedbee1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._William_Whedbee" title="J. William Whedbee">J. William Whedbee</a> (28 May 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ThA8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA81"><i>The Bible and the Comic Vision</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-49507-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-49507-3"><bdi>978-0-521-49507-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bible+and+the+Comic+Vision&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998-05-28&rft.isbn=978-0-521-49507-3&rft.au=J.+William+Whedbee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DThA8AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0121.htm#8">Genesis 21:8–12</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0122.htm#13">Genesis 22:13</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0125.htm#20">Genesis 25:20</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0125.htm#26">Genesis 25:26</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0125.htm#20">Genesis 25:20–28</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Encyclopaedia Judaica</i>, Volume 10, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0125.htm#11">Genesis 25:11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0126.htm#1">Genesis 26</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0125.htm#29">Genesis 25:29–34</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JewishEncyclopedia-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JewishEncyclopedia_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Encyclopedia">Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=174&letter=I"><i>Isaac</i></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0135.htm#28">Genesis 35:28–29</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright1848" class="citation book cs1">Wright, Thomas (1848). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32890"><i>Early Travels in Palestine: Comprising the Narratives of Arculf, Willibald, Bernard, Saewulf, Sigurd, Benjamin of Tudela, Sir John Maundeville, de</i></a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32890/page/n124">86</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Travels+in+Palestine%3A+Comprising+the+Narratives+of+Arculf%2C+Willibald%2C+Bernard%2C+Saewulf%2C+Sigurd%2C+Benjamin+of+Tudela%2C+Sir+John+Maundeville%2C+de&rft.pages=86&rft.date=1848&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.32890&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac" class="Z3988"></span> The Gentiles have erected six sepulchres in this place, which they pretend to be those of Abraham and Sarah, Isaac and Rebekah, Jacob and Leah.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-New_EoJ-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-New_EoJ_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_EoJ_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_EoJ_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_EoJ_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_EoJ_26-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The New Encyclopedia of Judaism</i>, <i>Isaac</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-Isaac-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica-Isaac_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>, <i>Isaac</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brill's_New_Pauly-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brill's_New_Pauly_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brill's_New_Pauly_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brock, Sebastian P., <i>Brill's New Pauly</i>, <i>Isaac</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0124.htm#63">Genesis 24:63</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0126.htm#2">Genesis 26:2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Easton-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Easton_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Easton_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Easton, M. G., <i>Illustrated Bible Dictionary</i>, 3rd ed., <i>Isaac</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cross and Livingstone, <i>Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church</i>, 1974, art <b>Isaac</b></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kelly, J.N.D. <i>Early Christian Doctrines</i>, A & C Black, 1965. p. 72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The patriarchs, prophets and certain other Old Testament figures have been and always will be honored as saints in all the Church's liturgical traditions." – Catechism of the Catholic Church 61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metropolitancantorinstitute.org/liturgy/Christmas_Fast.html">Liturgy > Liturgical year >The Christmas Fast</a> – Byzantine Catholic Archeparchy of Pittsburgh</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deon.pl/imiona-swietych/izaak,4424">"Izaak"</a>. <i>DEON.pl</i> (in Polish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DEON.pl&rft.atitle=Izaak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeon.pl%2Fimiona-swietych%2Fizaak%2C4424&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZeno" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zeno. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zeno.org/Heiligenlexikon-1858/A/Isaac,+S.+(2)">"Lexikoneintrag zu »Isaac, S. (2)«. Vollständiges Heiligen-Lexikon, Band 3. Augsburg ..."</a> <i>www.zeno.org</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.zeno.org&rft.atitle=Lexikoneintrag+zu+%C2%BBIsaac%2C+S.+%282%29%C2%AB.+Vollst%C3%A4ndiges+Heiligen-Lexikon%2C+Band+3.+Augsburg+...&rft.au=Zeno&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeno.org%2FHeiligenlexikon-1858%2FA%2FIsaac%2C%2BS.%2B%282%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Galatians#4:21" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Galatians">Galatians 4:21–31</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/James#2:21" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/James">James 2:21–24</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EoC-Isaac-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EoC-Isaac_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Encyclopedia of Christianity</i>, Bowden, John, ed., <i>Isaac</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Hebrews#11:17" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Hebrews">Hebrews 11:17–20</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">F.F. Bruce, <i>The Epistle to the Hebrews</i> Marshall. Morgan and Scott, 1964 pp. 308–313</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatt" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/W._Montgomery_Watt" title="W. Montgomery Watt">Watt, W. Montgomery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/browse/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2">"Isaac"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Islam</i>. <a href="/wiki/Brill_(publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brill (publisher)">Brill</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Isaac&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Islam&rft.pub=Brill&rft.aulast=Watt&rft.aufirst=W.+Montgomery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fbrowse%2Fencyclopaedia-of-islam-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlasse1991" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Glasse, C. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dlPuAAAAMAAJ">"Isaac"</a>. <i>Concise Encyclopedia of Islam</i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperSanFrancisco" class="mw-redirect" title="HarperSanFrancisco">HarperSanFrancisco</a>. p. 472. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780060631260" title="Special:BookSources/9780060631260"><bdi>9780060631260</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Isaac&rft.btitle=Concise+Encyclopedia+of+Islam&rft.pages=472&rft.pub=HarperSanFrancisco&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780060631260&rft.aulast=Glasse&rft.aufirst=C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdlPuAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Van der Veen, P. G. (2022). Israel and the tribes of Asher, Reuben, and Issachar. In S. Wimmer & W. Zwickel (Eds.), Egypt and the Hebrew Bible: Proceedings of the Conference Celebrating 40 Years ÄAT, Munich, 6–7 Dec. 2019 (Ägypten und Altes Testament, ÄAT 100, pp. xx-xx). Zaphon Verlag.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edzard, D.-O. (1965). Die Nomaden in der altbabylonischen Zeit. In E. Cassin, J. Bottéro, & J. Vercoutter (Eds.), Die Altorientalischen Reiche I - Vom Paläolithikum bis zur Mitte des 2. Jahrtausends v. Chr. (p. 170). Frankfurt am Main: Fischer. (Limited special edition, 2003).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EoC1-Isaac-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EoC1-Isaac_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoC1-Isaac_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoC1-Isaac_47-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoC1-Isaac_47-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoC1-Isaac_47-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoC1-Isaac_47-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFahlbuschLochmanBromileyBarrett2005" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Fahlbusch, Erwin; Lochman, Jan Milic; Bromiley, Geoffrey William; Barrett, David B.; Mbiti, John (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sCY4sAjTGIYC">"Isaac"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Christianity</i>. <a href="/wiki/Eerdmans" class="mw-redirect" title="Eerdmans">Eerdmans</a>. p. 744. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802824165" title="Special:BookSources/9780802824165"><bdi>9780802824165</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Isaac&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Christianity&rft.pages=744&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780802824165&rft.aulast=Fahlbusch&rft.aufirst=Erwin&rft.au=Lochman%2C+Jan+Milic&rft.au=Bromiley%2C+Geoffrey+William&rft.au=Barrett%2C+David+B.&rft.au=Mbiti%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsCY4sAjTGIYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EoCol-Isaac-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EoCol-Isaac_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"Isaac". <i><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Encyclopedia" title="Columbia Encyclopedia">Columbia Encyclopedia</a></i> (6th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. 1935. pp. 3, 200.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Isaac&rft.btitle=Columbia+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=3%2C+200&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1935&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLumby1893" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rawson_Lumby" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Rawson Lumby">Lumby, Joseph Rawson</a> (1893). Chilton, Bruce; Kee, Howard Clark; Meyers, Eric M.; Rogerson, John; Levine, Amy-Jill; Saldarini, Anthony J. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompan00lumbgoog"><i>The Cambridge Companion to the Bible: Containing the Structure, Growth and ...</i></a> <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompan00lumbgoog/page/n75">59</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9781139167376">10.1017/CBO9781139167376</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781139167376" title="Special:BookSources/9781139167376"><bdi>9781139167376</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+the+Bible%3A+Containing+the+Structure%2C+Growth+and+...&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1893&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCBO9781139167376&rft.isbn=9781139167376&rft.aulast=Lumby&rft.aufirst=Joseph+Rawson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcambridgecompan00lumbgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHess2018" class="citation book cs1">Hess, Richard S. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VwxYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT315">"The Ancestral Period"</a>. In Greer, Jonathan S.; Hilber, John W.; Walton, John H. (eds.). <i>Behind the Scenes of the Old Testament: Cultural, Social, and Historical Contexts</i>. Baker Academic. pp. 187–193. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4934-1554-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4934-1554-0"><bdi>978-1-4934-1554-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Ancestral+Period&rft.btitle=Behind+the+Scenes+of+the+Old+Testament%3A+Cultural%2C+Social%2C+and+Historical+Contexts&rft.pages=187-193&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-4934-1554-0&rft.aulast=Hess&rft.aufirst=Richard+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVwxYDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:FR-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:FR_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:FR_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinkelsteinRömer2014" class="citation journal cs1">Finkelstein, Israel; Römer, Thomas (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/29972948">"Comments on the Historical Background of the Abraham Narrative: Between "Realia" and "Exegetica"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Hebrew Bible and Ancient Israel</i>. <b>3</b> (1): 3–23. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1628%2F219222714x13994465496820">10.1628/219222714x13994465496820</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hebrew+Bible+and+Ancient+Israel&rft.atitle=Comments+on+the+Historical+Background+of+the+Abraham+Narrative%3A+Between+%22Realia%22+and+%22Exegetica%22&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-23&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1628%2F219222714x13994465496820&rft.aulast=Finkelstein&rft.aufirst=Israel&rft.au=R%C3%B6mer%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F29972948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Early_Christian_Art-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Early_Christian_Art_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Early_Christian_Art_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith,_Alison_Moore1922" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Alison Moore (1922). "The Iconography of the Sacrifice of Isaac in Early Christian Art". <i>American Journal of Archaeology</i>. <b>26</b> (2): 159–73. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F497708">10.2307/497708</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/497708">497708</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191366399">191366399</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Archaeology&rft.atitle=The+Iconography+of+the+Sacrifice+of+Isaac+in+Early+Christian+Art&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=159-73&rft.date=1922&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191366399%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F497708%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F497708&rft.au=Smith%2C+Alison+Moore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrowning1996" class="citation book cs1">Browning, W.R.F (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofbibl00brow"><i>A Dictionary of the Bible</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-211691-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-211691-8"><bdi>978-0-19-211691-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-19-211691-8&rft.aulast=Browning&rft.aufirst=W.R.F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionaryofbibl00brow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_LagasseLora_GoldmanArchie_HobsonSusan_R._Norton2000" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Paul Lagasse; Lora Goldman; Archie Hobson; Susan R. Norton, eds. (2000). <i>The Columbia Encyclopedia</i> (6th ed.). Gale Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59339-236-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59339-236-9"><bdi>978-1-59339-236-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Columbia+Encyclopedia&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Gale+Group&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-59339-236-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFP.J._BearmanTh._BianquisC.E._BosworthE._van_Donzel" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">P.J. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a> Online</i>. Brill Academic Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1573-3912">1573-3912</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam+Online&rft.pub=Brill+Academic+Publishers&rft.issn=1573-3912&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErwin_FahlbuschWilliam_Geoffrey_Bromiley2001" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Erwin Fahlbusch; William Geoffrey Bromiley, eds. (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofch0001unse_t6f2"><i>Encyclopedia of Christianity</i></a></span> (1st ed.). Eerdmans Publishing Company, and Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2414-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2414-1"><bdi>978-0-8028-2414-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Christianity&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Eerdmans+Publishing+Company%2C+and+Brill&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2414-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofch0001unse_t6f2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Bowden2005" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">John Bowden, ed. (2005). <i>Encyclopedia of Christianity</i> (1st ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-522393-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-522393-4"><bdi>978-0-19-522393-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Christianity&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-522393-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><i>The New Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Encyclopædia Britannica, Incorporated; Rev Ed edition. 2005. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59339-236-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59339-236-9"><bdi>978-1-59339-236-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%2C+Incorporated%3B+Rev+Ed+edition&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-59339-236-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJane_Dammen_McAuliffe2005" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Jane Dammen McAuliffe, ed. (2005). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_the_Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia of the Qur'an">Encyclopedia of the Qur'an</a></i>. Brill Academic Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-12356-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-12356-4"><bdi>978-90-04-12356-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Qur%27an&rft.pub=Brill+Academic+Publishers&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-90-04-12356-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeoffrey_Wigoder2002" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Geoffrey Wigoder, ed. (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newencyclopediao0000unse_i8k6"><i>The New Encyclopedia of Judaism</i></a></span> (2nd ed.). New York University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-9388-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-9388-6"><bdi>978-0-8147-9388-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Encyclopedia+of+Judaism&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-9388-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewencyclopediao0000unse_i8k6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindsay_Jones2005" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Lindsay Jones, ed. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre0000unse_v8f2"><i>Encyclopedia of Religion</i></a> (2nd ed.). MacMillan Reference Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-865733-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02-865733-2"><bdi>978-0-02-865733-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Religion&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=MacMillan+Reference+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-02-865733-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofre0000unse_v8f2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFdeClaise-Walford2000" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">deClaise-Walford, Nancy (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&q=%22Eerdmans%22%22the+son+of+Abraham+and+Sarah%22&pg=PA647">"Isaac"</a>. In David Noel Freedman; Allen C. Myers; Astrid B. Beck (eds.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/eerdmansdictiona0000unse"><i>Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible</i></a></span>. Wm. B. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2400-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2400-4"><bdi>978-0-8028-2400-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Isaac&rft.btitle=Eerdmans+Dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2400-4&rft.aulast=deClaise-Walford&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqRtUqxkB7wkC%26q%3D%2522Eerdmans%2522%2522the%2Bson%2Bof%2BAbraham%2Band%2BSarah%2522%26pg%3DPA647&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Isaac_(Biblical_figure)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Isaac (Biblical figure)">Isaac (Biblical figure)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=174&letter=I">Isaac</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="The Jewish Encyclopedia">The Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070630160348/http://jss.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/XXXIV/1/95.pdf">"Abraham's son as the intended sacrifice (Al-Dhabih, Qur'an 37:99, Qur'an 37:99–113): Issues in qur'anic exegesis"</a>, <i>Journal of Semitic Studies</i> XXX1V/ Spring 1989</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Isaac"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Isaac">"Isaac" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Isaac&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Isaac"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Isaac">"Isaac" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Isaac&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output 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David"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Adam_to_David_according_to_the_Hebrew_Bible" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Generations_of_Adam" title="Generations of Adam">Adam</a> to <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a> according to the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Genesis_creation_narrative" title="Genesis creation narrative">Creation</a> to <a href="/wiki/Genesis_flood_narrative" title="Genesis flood narrative">Flood</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth" title="Seth">Seth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enos_(biblical_figure)" title="Enos (biblical figure)">Enos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenan" title="Kenan">Kenan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahalalel" title="Mahalalel">Mahalalel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_(biblical_figure)" title="Jared (biblical figure)">Jared</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch" title="Enoch">Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methuselah" title="Methuselah">Methuselah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamech_(father_of_Noah)" title="Lamech (father of Noah)">Lamech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shem" title="Shem">Shem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarchs_(Bible)" title="Patriarchs (Bible)">Patriarchs</a> after <a href="/wiki/Genesis_flood_narrative" title="Genesis flood narrative">Flood</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arpachshad" title="Arpachshad">Arpachshad</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cainan" title="Cainan">Cainan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_(biblical_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salah (biblical figure)">Shelah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eber" title="Eber">Eber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peleg" title="Peleg">Peleg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reu" title="Reu">Reu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serug" title="Serug">Serug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahor,_son_of_Serug" title="Nahor, son of Serug">Nahor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terah" title="Terah">Terah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Judah" title="Tribe of Judah">Tribe of Judah</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judah_(son_of_Jacob)" title="Judah (son of Jacob)">Judah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perez_(son_of_Judah)" title="Perez (son of Judah)">Perez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezron" title="Hezron">Hezron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_(biblical_figure)" title="Ram (biblical figure)">Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amminadab" title="Amminadab">Amminadab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahshon" title="Nahshon">Nahshon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_(biblical_figure)" title="Salmon (biblical figure)">Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boaz" title="Boaz">Boaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obed_(biblical_figure)" title="Obed (biblical figure)">Obed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_(biblical_figure)" title="Jesse (biblical figure)">Jesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Names in <i>italics</i> only appear in the Greek <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> version</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Book_of_Genesis" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Book_of_Genesis" title="Template:Book of Genesis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Book_of_Genesis" title="Template talk:Book of Genesis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Book_of_Genesis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Book of Genesis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Book_of_Genesis" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a></b></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Primeval_history" title="Primeval history">Primeval history</a> (1–11)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Genesis_creation_narrative" title="Genesis creation narrative">Genesis creation narratives</a> (1:1–2:3, 2:4–25)</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_man" title="Fall of man">Fall of man</a> (3) </span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Serpents_in_the_Bible" title="Serpents in the Bible">Serpents in the Bible</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Cain and Abel</a> (4)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Genealogies_of_Genesis" title="Genealogies of Genesis">Genealogies of Genesis</a> (5:1–6:8, 11:10–26)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Genesis_flood_narrative" title="Genesis flood narrative">Genesis flood narrative</a> (6:1–9:28)</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_God" title="Sons of God">Sons of God</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Noah's Ark</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Curse_of_Ham" title="Curse of Ham">Curse of Ham</a> (9:20–27)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Generations_of_Noah" title="Generations of Noah">Generations of Noah</a> and the origin of nations (10:1–11:9)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Babel" title="Tower of Babel">Tower of Babel</a> (11:1–9)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarchal_age" title="Patriarchal age">Patriarchal age</a> (12–50)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> (12–23)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abraham_and_Lot%27s_conflict" title="Abraham and Lot's conflict">Abraham and Lot's conflict</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Siddim" title="Battle of Siddim">Battle of Siddim</a> (14:1–17)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Covenant_of_the_pieces" title="Covenant of the pieces">Covenant of the pieces</a> (15)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah" title="Sodom and Gomorrah">Sodom and Gomorrah</a> (19:1–28)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isaac</a> (21–35)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Binding_of_Isaac" title="Binding of Isaac">Binding of Isaac</a> (22)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Jacob" class="mw-redirect" title="Sons of Jacob">his sons</a> (25–50)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jacob%27s_Ladder" title="Jacob's Ladder">Jacob's Ladder</a> (28)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jacob_wrestling_with_the_angel" title="Jacob wrestling with the angel">Jacob wrestling with the angel</a> (32:22–32)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_many_colors" title="Coat of many colors">coat of many colors</a> (37–50)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blessing_of_Jacob" title="Blessing of Jacob">Blessing of Jacob</a> (49)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable verses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Genesis_1:1" title="Genesis 1:1">1:1</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/In_the_beginning_(phrase)" title="In the beginning (phrase)">In the beginning</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Genesis_1:2" title="Genesis 1:2">1:2</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Genesis_1:3" title="Genesis 1:3">1:3</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Genesis_1:4" title="Genesis 1:4">1:4</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Genesis_1:5" title="Genesis 1:5">1:5</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Weekly_Torah_portion" title="Weekly Torah portion">Torah readings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bereshit_(parashah)" title="Bereshit (parashah)">Bereshit</a> (1:1–6:8)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Noach_(parashah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Noach (parashah)">Noach</a> (6:9–11:32)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lech-Lecha" title="Lech-Lecha">Lech-Lecha</a> (12:1–17:27)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vayeira" title="Vayeira">Vayeira</a> (18:1–22:24)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chayei_Sarah" title="Chayei Sarah">Chayei Sarah</a> (23:1–25:18)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Toledot" title="Toledot">Toledot</a> (25:19–28:9)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vayetze" title="Vayetze">Vayetze</a> (28:10–32:3)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vayishlach" title="Vayishlach">Vayishlach</a> (32:4–36:43)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vayeshev" title="Vayeshev">Vayeshev</a> (37:1–40:23)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Miketz" title="Miketz">Miketz</a> (41:1–44:17)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vayigash" title="Vayigash">Vayigash</a> (44:18–47:27)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vaychi" title="Vaychi">Vayechi</a> (47:28–50:26)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Priestly_source" title="Priestly source">Priestly</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jahwist" title="Jahwist">Jahwist</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elohist" title="Elohist">Elohist</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Analysis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Framework_interpretation_(Genesis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Framework interpretation (Genesis)">Framework interpretation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allegorical_interpretations_of_Genesis" title="Allegorical interpretations of Genesis">Allegorical interpretations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wife%E2%80%93sister_narratives_in_the_Book_of_Genesis" title="Wife–sister narratives in the Book of Genesis">Wife–sister narratives</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Arcana_C%C5%93lestia" title="Arcana Cœlestia">Arcana Cœlestia</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pesher_on_Genesis" title="Pesher on Genesis">Pesher on Genesis</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Berlin_17213" title="Papyrus Berlin 17213">Papyrus Berlin 17213</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_656" title="Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 656">Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 656</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_1007" title="Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 1007">Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 1007</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Text</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_Book_of_Genesis" title="Textual variants in the Book of Genesis">Textual variations</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prophets_in_the_Hebrew_Bible_/_Old_Testament" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prophets_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Template:Prophets in the Hebrew Bible"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prophets_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Template talk:Prophets in the Hebrew Bible"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prophets_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prophets in the Hebrew Bible"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prophets_in_the_Hebrew_Bible_/_Old_Testament" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Prophets_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Category:Prophets in the Hebrew Bible">Prophets in the Hebrew Bible / Old Testament</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-Patriarchal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Abel</a></i><sup><small>‡</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch" title="Enoch">Enoch</a><sup><small>‡</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a><sup><small>‡</small></sup> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Noah_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Noah in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarchs_(Bible)" title="Patriarchs (Bible)">Patriarchs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Matriarchs_(Bible)#Matriarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Matriarchs (Bible)">Matriarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah" title="Sarah">Sarah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Israelite prophets<br />in the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moses_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Moses in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam" title="Miriam">Miriam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldad_and_Medad" title="Eldad and Medad">Eldad and Medad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phinehas" title="Phinehas">Phinehas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Mentioned in the<br /><a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im#Former_Prophets" title="Nevi'im">Former Prophets</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joshua" title="Joshua">Joshua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah" title="Deborah">Deborah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon" title="Gideon">Gideon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samson" title="Samson">Samson</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elkanah" title="Elkanah">Elkanah</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_(biblical_figure)" title="Hannah (biblical figure)">Hannah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail" title="Abigail">Abigail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gad_(prophet)" title="Gad (prophet)">Gad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_(prophet)" title="Nathan (prophet)">Nathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeduthun" title="Jeduthun">Jeduthun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahijah_the_Shilonite" title="Ahijah the Shilonite">Ahijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shemaiah_(prophet)" title="Shemaiah (prophet)">Shemaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iddo_(prophet)" title="Iddo (prophet)">Iddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanani" title="Hanani">Hanani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehu_(prophet)" title="Jehu (prophet)">Jehu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micaiah" title="Micaiah">Micaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahaziel" title="Jahaziel">Jahaziel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer#Eliezer_the_prophet" title="Eliezer">Eliezer ben Dodavah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_ben_Jehoiada" title="Zechariah ben Jehoiada">Zechariah ben Jehoiada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huldah" title="Huldah">Huldah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_prophet" title="Major prophet">Major</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isaiah_in_rabbinic_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaiah in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_(biblical_figure)" title="Daniel (biblical figure)">Daniel</a><sup><small>‡</small></sup> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Daniel_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Daniel in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Minor_Prophets" title="Twelve Minor Prophets">Minor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hosea" title="Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_(prophet)" title="Joel (prophet)">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_(prophet)" title="Amos (prophet)">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah" title="Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jonah_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Jonah in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micah_(prophet)" title="Micah (prophet)">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum" title="Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habakkuk" title="Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephaniah" title="Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haggai" title="Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(Hebrew_prophet)" title="Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)">Zechariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Noahidism" title="Noahidism">Noahide</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Beor_(biblical_figure)" title="Beor (biblical figure)">Beor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Balaam" title="Balaam">Balaam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a> (<a href="/wiki/Job_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Job in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amoz" title="Amoz">Amoz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beeri" title="Beeri">Beeri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baruch_ben_Neriah" title="Baruch ben Neriah">Baruch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agur" title="Agur">Agur</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriah_(prophet)" title="Uriah (prophet)">Uriah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buzi" title="Buzi">Buzi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mordecai" title="Mordecai">Mordecai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Esther" title="Esther">Esther</a> (<a href="/wiki/Esther_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Esther in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra" title="Ezra">Ezra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehemiah" title="Nehemiah">Nehemiah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ruth_(biblical_figure)" title="Ruth (biblical figure)">Ruth</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oded_(prophet)" title="Oded (prophet)">Oded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azariah_(prophet)" title="Azariah (prophet)">Azariah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate persons whose status as <a href="/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet">prophets</a> is not universally accepted.</li> <li>‡ indicates persons whose status as prophets is exclusive to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prophets_in_the_Quran" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prophets_in_the_Quran" title="Template:Prophets in the Quran"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prophets_in_the_Quran" title="Template talk:Prophets in the Quran"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prophets_in_the_Quran" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prophets in the Quran"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prophets_in_the_Quran" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets in the Quran</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">آدَم</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">إِدرِيس</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">نُوح</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">هُود</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">صَالِح</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">إِبْرَاهِيْم</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">لُوط</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">إِسْمَاعِيْل</span></span></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_in_Islam" title="Adam in Islam">Adam</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Idris_(prophet)" title="Idris (prophet)">Idris</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch" title="Enoch">Enoch</a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam" title="Noah in Islam">Nuh</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hud_(prophet)" title="Hud (prophet)">Hud</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eber" title="Eber">Eber</a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Salih" title="Salih">Salih</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selah_(biblical_figure)" title="Selah (biblical figure)">Selah</a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">Ibrahim</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lot_in_Islam" title="Lot in Islam">Lut</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot_(biblical_person)" title="Lot (biblical person)">Lot</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ishmael_in_Islam" title="Ishmael in Islam">Ismail</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishmael" title="Ishmael">Ishmael</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">إِسْحَاق</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">يَعْقُوب</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">يُوسُف</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">أَيُّوْب</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">شُعَيْب</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">مُوسَى</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">هَارُون</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">ذُو الكِفْل</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">دَاوُد</span></span></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Isaac_in_Islam" title="Isaac in Islam">Is'haq</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isaac</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jacob_in_Islam" title="Jacob in Islam">Yaqub</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Joseph_in_Islam" title="Joseph in Islam">Yusuf</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Job_in_Islam" title="Job in Islam">Ayyub</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shuaib" title="Shuaib">Shuayb</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jethro_(biblical_figure)" title="Jethro (biblical figure)">Jethro</a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam" title="Moses in Islam">Musa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aaron_in_Islam" title="Aaron in Islam">Harun</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aaron</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Kifl" title="Dhu al-Kifl">Dhu l-Kifl</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/David_in_Islam" title="David in Islam">Dawud</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">سُلَيْمَان</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">إِلْيَاس</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">اليَسَع</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">يُونُس</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">زَكَرِيَّا</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">يَحْيَى</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">عِيسَى</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">مُحَمَّد</span></span></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam" title="Solomon in Islam">Sulayman</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Elijah_in_Islam" title="Elijah in Islam">Ilyas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Elisha_in_Islam" title="Elisha in Islam">Al-Yasa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah in Islam">Yunus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_in_Islam" title="Zechariah in Islam">Zakariya</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist_in_Islam" title="John the Baptist in Islam">Yahya</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Isa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">Muhammad</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div>Note: <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a> believe that there were many prophets sent by <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a> to mankind. The <a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Islamic prophets</a> above are only the ones mentioned by name in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Saints_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_saints" title="Template:Catholic saints"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_saints" title="Template talk:Catholic saints"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_saints" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic saints"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Saints_of_the_Catholic_Church" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints" title="List of Catholic saints">Saints of the Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" title="Dicastery for the Causes of Saints">Dicastery for the Causes of Saints</a><br />Stages of <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonization</a>: <a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God#Catholic_Church" title="Servant of God">Servant of God</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/The_Venerable#Christianity" title="The Venerable">Venerable</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Blessed</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Virgin Mary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mother of God (Theotokos)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_apparition" title="Marian apparition">Marian apparition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titles_of_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Titles of Mary">Titles of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (husband)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle" title="Bartholomew the Apostle">Bartholomew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Alphaeus" title="James, son of Alphaeus">James of Alphaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Great" title="James the Great">James the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle" title="Jude the Apostle">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_the_Apostle" title="Matthias the Apostle">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Zealot" title="Simon the Zealot">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a>  <a href="/wiki/Saint_Michael_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Saint Michael in the Catholic Church">in the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confessor_of_the_Faith" title="Confessor of the Faith">Confessors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Kiev" title="Anthony of Kiev">Anthony of Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chariton_the_Confessor" title="Chariton the Confessor">Chariton the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Borgia" title="Francis Borgia">Francis Borgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Homobonus" title="Saint Homobonus">Homobonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Zographos" title="Lazarus Zographos">Lazarus Zographos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bertrand_(saint)" title="Louis Bertrand (saint)">Louis Bertrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_of_Synnada" title="Michael of Synnada">Michael of Synnada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphnutius_of_Thebes" title="Paphnutius of Thebes">Paphnutius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Constantinople" title="Paul I of Constantinople">Paul I of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Claver" title="Peter Claver">Peter Claver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salonius" title="Salonius">Salonius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergius_of_Radonezh" title="Sergius of Radonezh">Sergius of Radonezh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_the_Confessor" title="Theophanes the Confessor">Theophanes the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padre_Pio" title="Padre Pio">Pio of Pietrelcina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollos" title="Apollos">Apollos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary of Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_and_Aquila" title="Priscilla and Aquila">Priscilla and Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas" title="Silas">Silvanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Timothy" title="Saint Timothy">Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Titus" title="Saint Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventy_disciples" title="Seventy disciples">Seventy disciples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede the Venerable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Damian" title="Peter Damian">Peter Damian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonsus_Liguori" title="Alphonsus Liguori">Alphonsus Liguori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Sales" title="Francis de Sales">Francis de Sales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Canisius" title="Peter Canisius">Peter Canisius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albertus Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Padua" title="Anthony of Padua">Anthony of Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Brindisi" title="Lawrence of Brindisi">Lawrence of Brindisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Lisieux" title="Thérèse of Lisieux">Thérèse of Lisieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_%C3%81vila" title="John of Ávila">John of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Narek" title="Gregory of Narek">Gregory of Narek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church<br />Fathers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Alexander I of Alexandria">Alexander of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Jerusalem" title="Alexander of Jerusalem">Alexander of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose of Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarius_of_Arles" title="Caesarius of Arles">Caesarius of Arles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caius_(presbyter)" title="Caius (presbyter)">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Fathers" title="Cappadocian Fathers">Cappadocian Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian" title="Cyprian">Cyprian of Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Fathers" title="Desert Fathers">Desert Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Mothers" title="Desert Mothers">Desert Mothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dionysius of Alexandria">Dionysius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_of_Corinth" title="Dionysius of Corinth">Dionysius of Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius of Salamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulgentius_of_Ruspe" title="Fulgentius of Ruspe">Fulgentius of Ruspe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome" title="Hippolytus of Rome">Hippolytus of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus of Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome of Stridonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melito_of_Sardis" title="Melito of Sardis">Melito of Sardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadratus_of_Athens" title="Quadratus of Athens">Quadratus of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papias_of_Hierapolis" title="Papias of Hierapolis">Papias of Hierapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp of Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_of_Antioch" title="Theophilus of Antioch">Theophilus of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorinus_of_Pettau" title="Victorinus of Pettau">Victorinus of Pettau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_of_L%C3%A9rins" title="Vincent of Lérins">Vincent of Lérins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Martyrs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abda_and_Abdisho" title="Abda and Abdisho">Abda and Abdisho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_and_Gleb" title="Boris and Gleb">Boris and Gleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Foucauld" title="Charles de Foucauld">Charles de Foucauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Martyrs" title="Canadian Martyrs">Canadian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusian_Martyrs" title="Carthusian Martyrs">Carthusian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Martyrs_of_Tlaxcala" title="Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala">Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Persia" title="Christina of Persia">Christina of Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devasahayam_Pillai" title="Devasahayam Pillai">Devasahayam Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitent_thief" title="Penitent thief">Dismas the Good Thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty_Martyrs_of_England_and_Wales" title="Forty Martyrs of England and Wales">Forty Martyrs of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Crowned_Martyrs" title="Four Crowned Martyrs">Four Crowned Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_of_Csan%C3%A1d" title="Gerard of Csanád">Gerard of Csanád</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_martyr" title="Great martyr">Great Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">The Holy Innocents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholic_Martyrs" title="Irish Catholic Martyrs">Irish Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher" title="John Fisher">John Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Martyrs" title="Korean Martyrs">Korean Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Ruiz" title="Lorenzo Ruiz">Lorenzo Ruiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck_martyrs" title="Lübeck martyrs">Martyrs of Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Versiglia" title="Luigi Versiglia">Luigi Versiglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrology" title="Martyrology">Martyrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Albania" title="Martyrs of Albania">Martyrs of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_martyrs_of_Algeria" title="19 martyrs of Algeria">Martyrs of Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Cajonos" title="Martyrs of Cajonos">Martyrs of Cajonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessed_Martyrs_of_Drina" title="Blessed Martyrs of Drina">Martyrs of Drina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_Saints_of_China" title="Martyr Saints of China">Martyrs of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Gorkum" title="Martyrs of Gorkum">Martyrs of Gorkum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Japan" title="Martyrs of Japan">Martyrs of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya" title="2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya">21 Martyrs of Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_La_Rioja" title="Martyrs of La Rioja">Martyrs of La Rioja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Damascus" title="Martyrs of Damascus">Martyrs of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Laos" title="Martyrs of Laos">Martyrs of Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Natal" title="Martyrs of Natal">Martyrs of Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Otranto" title="Martyrs of Otranto">Martyrs of Otranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Prague" title="Martyrs of Prague">Martyrs of Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadok_and_48_Dominican_martyrs_from_Sandomierz" title="Sadok and 48 Dominican martyrs from Sandomierz">Martyrs of Sandomierz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_the_Spanish_Civil_War" title="Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War">Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Zenta" title="Martyrs of Zenta">Martyrs of Zenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Kolbe" title="Maximilian Kolbe">Maximilian Kolbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Romero" title="Óscar Romero">Óscar Romero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod" title="Pedro Calungsod">Pedro Calungsod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetua_and_Felicity" title="Perpetua and Felicity">Perpetua and Felicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chanel" title="Peter Chanel">Peter Chanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Parenzo" title="Pietro Parenzo">Pietro Parenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomena" title="Philomena">Philomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_of_the_Cristero_War" title="Saints of the Cristero War">Saints of the Cristero War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Teresa Benedicta of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Brandsma" title="Titus Brandsma">Titus Brandsma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomasian_Martyrs" title="Thomasian Martyrs">17 Thomasian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Martyrs_of_Chimbote" title="Three Martyrs of Chimbote">Three Martyrs of Chimbote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulma_family" title="Ulma family">Ulma Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Martyrs" title="Uganda Martyrs">Uganda Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Martyrs" title="Vietnamese Martyrs">Vietnamese Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Valentine" title="Saint Valentine">Valentine of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_and_Corona" title="Victor and Corona">Victor and Corona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanitas_and_Lazarus_of_Persia" title="Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia">Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_missions" title="Catholic missions">Missionaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Boniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Damien" title="Father Damien">Damien of Molokai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evermode_of_Ratzeburg" title="Evermode of Ratzeburg">Evermode of Ratzeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Laval" title="François de Laval">François de Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_the_Illuminator" title="Gregory the Illuminator">Gregory the Illuminator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" title="Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nino" title="Saint Nino">Nino of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick" title="Saint Patrick">Patrick of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Remigius" title="Saint Remigius">Remigius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Abel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (father of Jesus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Matriarchs_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matriarchs (Bible)">Matriarchs</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Popes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_I" title="Pope Adeodatus I">Adeodatus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_II" title="Pope Adeodatus II">Adeodatus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adrian_III" title="Pope Adrian III">Adrian III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agapetus_I" title="Pope Agapetus I">Agapetus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agatho" title="Pope Agatho">Agatho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I" title="Pope Alexander I">Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anacletus" title="Pope Anacletus">Anacletus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anastasius_I" title="Pope Anastasius I">Anastasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anicetus" title="Pope Anicetus">Anicetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anterus" title="Pope Anterus">Anterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_II" title="Pope Benedict II">Benedict II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_I" title="Pope Boniface I">Boniface I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_IV" title="Pope Boniface IV">Boniface IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Caius" title="Pope Caius">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_I" title="Pope Callixtus I">Callixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_I" title="Pope Celestine I">Celestine I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_V" title="Pope Celestine V">Celestine V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cornelius" title="Pope Cornelius">Cornelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eleutherius" title="Pope Eleutherius">Eleuterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eugene_I" title="Pope Eugene I">Eugene I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eusebius" title="Pope Eusebius">Eusebius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eutychian" title="Pope Eutychian">Eutychian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Evaristus" title="Pope Evaristus">Evaristus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Fabian" title="Pope Fabian">Fabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_I" title="Pope Felix I">Felix I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_III" title="Pope Felix III">Felix III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_IV" title="Pope Felix IV">Felix IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gelasius_I" title="Pope Gelasius I">Gelasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_II" title="Pope Gregory II">Gregory II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_III" title="Pope Gregory III">Gregory III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VII" title="Pope Gregory VII">Gregory VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hilarius" title="Pope Hilarius">Hilarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hormisdas" title="Pope Hormisdas">Hormisdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hyginus" title="Pope Hyginus">Hyginus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_I" title="Pope Innocent I">Innocent I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_I" title="Pope John I">John I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">John XXIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_I" title="Pope Julius I">Julius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_II" title="Pope Leo II">Leo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_III" title="Pope Leo III">Leo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IV" title="Pope Leo IV">Leo IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IX" title="Pope Leo IX">Leo IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Linus" title="Pope Linus">Linus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Lucius_I" title="Pope Lucius I">Lucius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellinus" title="Pope Marcellinus">Marcellinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellus_I" title="Pope Marcellus I">Marcellus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Mark" title="Pope Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_I" title="Pope Martin I">Martin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Miltiades" title="Pope Miltiades">Miltiades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_I" title="Pope Nicholas I">Nicholas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_I" title="Pope Paschal I">Paschal I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_I" title="Pope Paul I">Paul I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_I" title="Pope Pius I">Pius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pius X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pontian" title="Pope Pontian">Pontian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sergius_I" title="Pope Sergius I">Sergius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Silverius" title="Pope Silverius">Silverius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Simplicius" title="Pope Simplicius">Simplicius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Siricius" title="Pope Siricius">Siricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_I" title="Pope Sixtus I">Sixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_II" title="Pope Sixtus II">Sixtus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_III" title="Pope Sixtus III">Sixtus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Soter" title="Pope Soter">Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_I" title="Pope Stephen I">Stephen I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_IV" title="Pope Stephen IV">Stephen IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_I" title="Pope Sylvester I">Sylvester I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Symmachus" title="Pope Symmachus">Symmachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Telesphorus" title="Pope Telesphorus">Telesphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_I" title="Pope Urban I">Urban I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Victor_I" title="Pope Victor I">Victor I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Vitalian" title="Pope Vitalian">Vitalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zachary" title="Pope Zachary">Zachary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zosimus" title="Pope Zosimus">Zosimus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agabus" title="Agabus">Agabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_(prophet)" title="Amos (prophet)">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_the_Prophetess" title="Anna the Prophetess">Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_ben_Neriah" title="Baruch ben Neriah">Baruch ben Neriah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habakkuk" title="Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haggai" title="Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosea" title="Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_(prophet)" title="Joel (prophet)">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Barsabbas" title="Judas Barsabbas">Judas Barsabbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchizedek" title="Melchizedek">Melchizedek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micah_(prophet)" title="Micah (prophet)">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum" title="Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah" title="Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_seven_sons" title="Woman with seven sons">Seven Maccabees and their mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_(Gospel_of_Luke)" title="Simeon (Gospel of Luke)">Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(Hebrew_prophet)" title="Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)">Zechariah (prophet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah (NT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephaniah" title="Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agatha_of_Sicily" title="Agatha of Sicily">Agatha of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Rome" title="Agnes of Rome">Agnes of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_of_the_Cross" title="Angela of the Cross">Angela of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelthryth" title="Æthelthryth">Æthelthryth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous">Bernadette Soubirous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Bologna" title="Catherine of Bologna">Catherine of Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigid_of_Kildare" title="Brigid of Kildare">Brigid of Kildare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Labour%C3%A9" title="Catherine Labouré">Catherine Labouré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Cecilia" title="Saint Cecilia">Cecilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_of_Assisi" title="Clare of Assisi">Clare of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulalia_of_M%C3%A9rida" title="Eulalia of Mérida">Eulalia of Mérida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemia" title="Euphemia">Euphemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_Kowalska" title="Faustina Kowalska">Faustina Kowalska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_and_Liberata_of_Como" title="Faustina and Liberata of Como">Faustina and Liberata of Como</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevieve" title="Genevieve">Genevieve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiltrude_of_Liessies" title="Hiltrude of Liessies">Hiltrude of Liessies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kateri_Tekakwitha" title="Kateri Tekakwitha">Kateri Tekakwitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucy" title="Saint Lucy">Lucy of Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goretti" title="Maria Goretti">Maria Goretti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_de_las_Maravillas_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="María de las Maravillas de Jesús">María de las Maravillas de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcisa_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="Narcisa de Jesús">Narcisa de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_of_Naples" title="Patricia of Naples">Patricia of Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Rosalia" title="Saint Rosalia">Rosalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_of_Lima" title="Rose of Lima">Rose of Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_the_Andes" title="Teresa of the Andes">Teresa of the Andes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Teresa of Calcutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trasilla_and_Emiliana" title="Trasilla and Emiliana">Trasilla and Emiliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaldesca_Taccini" title="Ubaldesca Taccini">Ubaldesca Taccini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Bakhita" title="Josephine Bakhita">Josephine Bakhita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Holy_Marshals" title="Four Holy Marshals">Four Holy Marshals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Holy_Helpers" title="Fourteen Holy Helpers">Fourteen Holy Helpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_of_charity" title="Martyr of charity">Martyr of charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_saint" title="Military saint">Military saints</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athleta_Christi" title="Athleta Christi">Athleta Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Christianus" title="Miles Christianus">Miles Christianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Church Militant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Champions_of_Christendom" title="Seven Champions of Christendom">Seven Champions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtuous_pagan" title="Virtuous pagan">Virtuous pagan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" 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