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class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Political_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Political structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_relations_and_security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_relations_and_security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>External relations and security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_relations_and_security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Defence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Defence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manxman_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manxman_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Manxman status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manxman_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>European Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commonwealth_of_Nations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commonwealth_of_Nations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.4</span> <span>Commonwealth of Nations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commonwealth_of_Nations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Local government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LGBT_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LGBT_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>LGBT rights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LGBT_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Public services</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Public_services-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Public services subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Public_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Crime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emergency_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emergency_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Emergency services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emergency_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crematorium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crematorium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Crematorium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crematorium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Communications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Communications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Space_commerce" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Space_commerce"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Space commerce</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Space_commerce-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electricity_supply" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electricity_supply"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Electricity supply</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electricity_supply-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gas_supply" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gas_supply"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Gas supply</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gas_supply-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cannabis_cultivation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cannabis_cultivation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Cannabis cultivation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cannabis_cultivation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Symbols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Myth,_legend_and_folklore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Myth,_legend_and_folklore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Myth, legend and folklore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Myth,_legend_and_folklore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Food</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.7</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Motorcycle_racing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motorcycle_racing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.7.1</span> <span>Motorcycle racing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motorcycle_racing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cammag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cammag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.7.2</span> <span>Cammag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cammag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theatre_and_cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatre_and_cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.8</span> <span>Theatre and cinema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatre_and_cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.9</span> <span>Fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.1</span> <span>Census</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Age_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Age_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Age structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Age_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population_density" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population_density"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Population density</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population_density-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sex_ratio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sex_ratio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Sex ratio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sex_ratio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infant_mortality_rate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infant_mortality_rate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Infant mortality rate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infant_mortality_rate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Life_expectancy_at_birth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_expectancy_at_birth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6</span> <span>Life expectancy at birth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_expectancy_at_birth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nationality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nationality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.7</span> <span>Nationality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nationality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.8</span> <span>Ethnicity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.9</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Country_of_birth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Country_of_birth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.10</span> <span>Country of birth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Country_of_birth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 148 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-148" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">148 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulo_Man" title="Pulo Man – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Pulo Man" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_(eiland)" title="Man (eiland) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Man (eiland)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Isle of Man" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8B%AD%E1%88%8D_%E1%8A%A6%E1%8D%8D_%E1%88%9B%E1%8A%95" title="አይል ኦፍ ማን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አይል ኦፍ ማን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8" title="आइल ऑफ मैन – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="आइल ऑफ मैन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manieg" title="Manieg – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Manieg" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جزيرة مان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جزيرة مان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isla_de_Man" title="Isla de Man – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Isla de Man" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ila_de_Man" title="Ila de Man – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ila de Man" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islla_de_Man" title="Islla de Man – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Islla de Man" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men_adas%C4%B1" title="Men adası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Men adası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="مان آداسی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مان آداسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="আইল অব ম্যান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আইল অব ম্যান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_T%C3%B3" title="Man Tó – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Man Tó" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B" title="Мэн Утрауы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мэн Утрауы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Востраў Мэн – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Востраў Мэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BD_(%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E)" title="Мэн (востраў) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мэн (востраў)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8" title="आइल्स ऑफ मैन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="आइल्स ऑफ मैन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isla_nin_Man" title="Isla nin Man – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Isla nin Man" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Ман (остров) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ман (остров)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Isle of Man" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrvo_Man" title="Ostrvo Man – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ostrvo Man" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manav" title="Manav – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Manav" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illa_de_Man" title="Illa de Man – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Illa de Man" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%C4%95" title="Мэн утравĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мэн утравĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Isle of Man" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_(ostrov)" title="Man (ostrov) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Man (ostrov)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ynys_Manaw" title="Ynys Manaw – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ynys Manaw" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Isle of Man" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannin" title="Mannin – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Mannin" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Isle of Man" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%92%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%B0_%DE%87%DE%AE%DE%8A%DE%B0_%DE%89%DE%AD%DE%82%DE%B0" title="އައިޒަލް އޮފް މޭން – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އައިޒަލް އޮފް މޭން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man" title="Man – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Man" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man" title="Man – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Man" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%AE%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BD" title="Νήσος του Μαν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νήσος του Μαν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isla_de_Man" title="Isla de Man – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Isla de Man" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manksinsulo" title="Manksinsulo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Manksinsulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man" title="Man – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Man" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man" title="Man – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Man" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%86" title="جزیره من – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جزیره من" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mann" title="Mann – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Mann" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_Man" title="Île de Man – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Île de Man" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_(eil%C3%A2n)" title="Man (eilân) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Man (eilân)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oile%C3%A1n_Mhanann" title="Oileán Mhanann – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Oileán Mhanann" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannin" title="Mannin – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Mannin" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eilean_Mhanainn" title="Eilean Mhanainn – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eilean Mhanainn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illa_de_Man" title="Illa de Man – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Illa de Man" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_T%C3%B3" title="Man Tó – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Man Tó" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%A8%EC%84%AC" title="맨섬 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="맨섬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Isle of Man" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%B2%D5%A6%D5%AB" title="Մեն կղզի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մեն կղզի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8" title="आइल ऑफ़ मैन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आइल ऑफ़ मैन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man" title="Man – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Man" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otok_Man" title="Otok Man – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Otok Man" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulo_Man" title="Insulo Man – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Insulo Man" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AB_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="আইসল অফ ম্যান – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="আইসল অফ ম্যান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Man" title="Pulau Man – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pulau Man" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insula_de_Man" title="Insula de Man – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Insula de Man" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BD_(%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85)" title="Мэн (сакъадах) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мэн (сакъадах)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6n" title="Mön – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mön" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isola_di_Man" title="Isola di Man – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Isola di Man" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9F" title="האי מאן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האי מאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulo_Man" title="Pulo Man – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pulo Man" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მენი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Мэн аралы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мэн аралы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ynys_Manow" title="Ynys Manow – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ynys Manow" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikirwa_cya_Man" title="Ikirwa cya Man – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ikirwa cya Man" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisiwa_cha_Man" title="Kisiwa cha Man – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kisiwa cha Man" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Мэн аралы – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мэн аралы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monapia" title="Monapia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Monapia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menas_Sala" title="Menas Sala – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Menas Sala" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insel_Man" title="Insel Man – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Insel Man" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meno_sala" title="Meno sala – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Meno sala" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izoa_de_Man" title="Izoa de Man – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Izoa de Man" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_(eiland)" title="Man (eiland) – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Man (eiland)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esanga_ya_Man" title="Esanga ya Man – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Esanga ya Man" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manninsuari" title="Manninsuari – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Manninsuari" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isula_de_Man" title="Isula de Man – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Isula de Man" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-sziget" title="Man-sziget – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Man-sziget" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Ман (остров) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ман (остров)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%90%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%92%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="ഐൽ ഒഫ് മാൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഐൽ ഒഫ് മാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motu_o_Man" title="Motu o Man – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Motu o Man" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="आईल ऑफ मान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आईल ऑफ मान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="კოკი მენი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კოკი მენი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جزيرة مان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جزيرة مان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87" title="من جزیره – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="من جزیره" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Man" title="Pulau Man – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pulau Man" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_D%C5%8D%CC%A4" title="Man Dō̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Man Dō̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_(eiland)" title="Man (eiland) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Man (eiland)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_(eilaand)" title="Man (eilaand) – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Man (eilaand)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E5%B3%B6" title="マン島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マン島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eilun_Man" title="Eilun Man – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Eilun Man" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailen_o%27_Maan" title="Ailen o' Maan – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Ailen o' Maan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man" title="Man – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Man" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98ya_Man" title="Øya Man – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Øya Man" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_d%C3%A9_Man" title="Île dé Man – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Île dé Man" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_de_Man" title="Isle de Man – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Isle de Man" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illa_de_Man" title="Illa de Man – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Illa de Man" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men_oroli" title="Men oroli – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Men oroli" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%82" title="ਮੈਨ ਟਾਪੂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੈਨ ਟਾਪੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D9%84_%D8%A2%D9%81_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="آئل آف مین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آئل آف مین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88" title="مان ټاپو – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مان ټاپو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Csola_%C3%ABd_Man" title="Ìsola ëd Man – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ìsola ëd Man" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Isle of Man" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyspa_Man" title="Wyspa Man – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wyspa Man" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilha_de_Man" title="Ilha de Man – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ilha de Man" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men_ataw%C4%B1" title="Men atawı – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Men atawı" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Isle of Man" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insula_Man" title="Insula Man – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Insula Man" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_wat%27a" title="Man wat'a – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Man wat'a" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Остров Мен – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Остров Мен" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Остров Мэн – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Остров Мэн" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Csula_de_Man" title="Ìsula de Man – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ìsula de Man" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_o_Man" title="Isle o Man – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Isle o Man" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man" title="Man – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Man" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishulli_i_Manit" title="Ishulli i Manit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ishulli i Manit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Csula_di_Man" title="Ìsula di Man – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ìsula di Man" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Isle of Man" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrov_Man" title="Ostrov Man – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ostrov Man" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man" title="Man – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Man" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دوورگەی مان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دوورگەی مان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Острво Мен – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Острво Мен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_(otok)" title="Man (otok) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Man (otok)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulo_Man" title="Pulo Man – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Pulo Man" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansaari" title="Mansaari – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mansaari" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Isle of Man" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulo_ng_Man" title="Pulo ng Man – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pulo ng Man" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="மாண் தீவு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாண் தீவு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigzirt_n_Man" title="Tigzirt n Man – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tigzirt n Man" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Мэн утравы – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мэн утравы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%B5%E1%80%AF%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%82%85%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ၵုၼ်မႅၼ်း – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၵုၼ်မႅၼ်း" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99" title="ไอล์ออฟแมน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไอล์ออฟแมน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_Adas%C4%B1" title="Man Adası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Man Adası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_Adasy" title="Man Adasy – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Man Adasy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Острів Мен – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Острів Мен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D9%84_%D8%A2%D9%81_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="آئل آف مین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آئل آف مین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Czo%C5%82a_de_Man" title="Ìzoła de Man – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ìzoła de Man" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A3o_Man" title="Đảo Man – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đảo Man" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%B3%B6" title="曼島 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="曼島" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyland_Man" title="Eyland Man – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Eyland Man" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isla_han_Man" title="Isla han Man – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Isla han Man" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%81%A9%E5%B2%9B" title="马恩岛 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马恩岛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Er%C3%A9k%C3%B9%E1%B9%A3%C3%B9_il%E1%BA%B9%CC%80_Man" title="Erékùṣù ilẹ̀ Man – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Erékùṣù ilẹ̀ Man" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%8C%E5%B3%B6" title="萌島 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="萌島" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adey_Mani" title="Adey Mani – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Adey Mani" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiland_Man" title="Eiland Man – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Eiland Man" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%B3%B6" title="曼島 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="曼島" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulo_Man" title="Pulo Man – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Pulo Man" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9676#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Self-governing British Crown dependency in the Irish Sea</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the British island territory. For the island in Canada, see <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_(Cataraqui_River)" title="Isle of Man (Cataraqui River)">Isle of Man (Cataraqui River)</a>. For the racehorse, see <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_(horse)" title="Isle of Man (horse)">Isle of Man (horse)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British Crown Dependency in United Kingdom</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) 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.infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-official-below{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-other{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-caption{padding-top:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-motto{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-elevation{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-pol-div vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Isle of Man</div><div class="ib-pol-div-native nickname"><span title="Manx-language text"><i lang="gv">Mannin, Ellan Vannin</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">British <a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependency</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Isle_of_Man_by_Sentinel-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Isle_of_Man_by_Sentinel-2.jpg/250px-Isle_of_Man_by_Sentinel-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Isle_of_Man_by_Sentinel-2.jpg/375px-Isle_of_Man_by_Sentinel-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Isle_of_Man_by_Sentinel-2.jpg/500px-Isle_of_Man_by_Sentinel-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4960" data-file-height="5126" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Isle of Man"><img alt="Flag of Isle of Man" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/140px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/210px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/280px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Flag of the Isle of Man">Flag</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Isle of Man"><img alt="Official seal of Isle of Man" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/135px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="999" data-file-height="822" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Coat of arms of the Isle of Man">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Motto</b>: <div class="ib-pol-div-motto nickname"><span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;">"Quocunque Jeceris Stabit"</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>)</span><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>(English: <span lang="en">"Wherever you throw it, it shall stand"</span>)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Anthem</b>: "<a href="/wiki/O_Land_of_Our_Birth" class="mw-redirect" title="O Land of Our Birth">O Land of Our Birth</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="42" data-mwtitle="Arrane_Ashoonagh_Vannin.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Arrane_Ashoonagh_Vannin.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/Arrane_Ashoonagh_Vannin.ogg/Arrane_Ashoonagh_Vannin.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AArrane_Ashoonagh_Vannin.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe-Isle_of_Man.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of the Isle of Man (green), in Europe (dark grey)"><img alt="Location of the Isle of Man in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Europe-Isle_of_Man.svg/250px-Europe-Isle_of_Man.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Europe-Isle_of_Man.svg/375px-Europe-Isle_of_Man.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Europe-Isle_of_Man.svg/500px-Europe-Isle_of_Man.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a></span><div class="ib-pol-div-caption">Location of the Isle of Man (green), in Europe (dark grey)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign state</a> responsible for the Isle of Man<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="Kingdom of the Isles">Norse control</a></th><td class="infobox-data">9th century</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Perth" title="Treaty of Perth">Scottish control</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2 July 1266</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">English control</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1399</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Purchase_Act_1765" title="Isle of Man Purchase Act 1765">Revested into British Crown</a></th><td class="infobox-data">10 May 1765</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Isle_of_Man&params=54.15_N_4.48_W_type:city_region:GB"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°09′N</span> <span class="longitude">4°29′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.15°N 4.48°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.15; -4.48</span></span></span></a></span></span><br /><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Isle_of_Man&params=54.235_N_4.525_W_type:isle_region:GB"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°14′06″N</span> <span class="longitude">4°31′30″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.235°N 4.525°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.235; -4.525</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-pol-div-ethnic"> (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-2021Census_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021Census-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>94.7% <a href="/wiki/White_British" title="White British">White</a></li><li>3.1% <a href="/wiki/British_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Asian">Asian</a></li><li>1.0% <a href="/wiki/Mixed_(United_Kingdom_ethnicity_category)" title="Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)">Mixed</a></li><li>0.6% <a href="/wiki/Black_British" class="mw-redirect" title="Black British">Black</a></li><li>0.6% other</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-pol-div-religion"> (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-2021Census_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021Census-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>54.7% Christianity</li><li>43.8% no religion</li><li>0.5% Islam</li><li>0.5% Buddhism</li><li>0.3% Hinduism</li><li>0.1% <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></li><li>0.2% other</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Manx_people" title="Manx people">Manx</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Politics of the Isle of Man">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">Parliamentary</a> <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Mann" title="Lord of Mann">Lord of Mann</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man">Lieutenant governor</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Lorimer_(British_Army_officer)" title="John Lorimer (British Army officer)">Sir John Lorimer</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister of the Isle of Man">Chief Minister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Cannan" title="Alfred Cannan">Alfred Cannan</a><sup id="cite_ref-CannanPR_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CannanPR-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tynwald" title="Tynwald">Tynwald</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Legislative Council of the Isle of Man">Legislative Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Keys" title="House of Keys">House of Keys</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">Government of the United Kingdom</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Under-Secretary_of_State_for_Justice" title="Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Justice">Minister</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Ponsonby,_4th_Baron_Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede" title="Frederick Ponsonby, 4th Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede">Lord Ponsonby</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Geography of the Isle of Man">Area</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">574 km<sup>2</sup> (222 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">unranked</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Dimensions<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Length</div></th><td class="infobox-data">33 mi (53 km)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Width</div></th><td class="infobox-data">13 mi (21 km)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-pol-div-elevation"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,030 ft (620 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Demographics of the Isle of Man">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• 2021 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data">84,069<sup id="cite_ref-2021Census_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021Census-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">202nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">148/km<sup>2</sup> (383.3/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">86th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2014 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$7.43 billion</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$84,600 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">9th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">US$7.49 billion<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2010)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">0.849<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">very high</span></span> · <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">14th</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Pound sterling</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Manx_pound" title="Manx pound">Manx pound</a> (£) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">GBP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%C2%B100:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC±00:00">UTC±00:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time">GMT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Summer_Time" title="British Summer Time">BST</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date format</th><td class="infobox-data">dd/mm/yyyy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mains_electricity" title="Mains electricity">Mains electricity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">240 V, 50 Hz</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Driving side</a></th><td class="infobox-data">left</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone numbers in the Isle of Man">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom#Isle_of_Man" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">+44</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom#Crown_Dependencies" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">UK postcode</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="postal-code"><a href="/wiki/IM_postcode_area" title="IM postcode area">IM1 – IM99</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:IM" title="ISO 3166-2:IM">IM</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.im" title=".im">.im</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Isle of Man</b> (<a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a>: <i lang="gv">Mannin</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gv-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Manx" title="Help:IPA/Manx">[ˈmanɪnʲ]</a></span>, also <span title="Manx-language text"><i lang="gv">Ellan Vannin</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gv-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Manx" title="Help:IPA/Manx">[ˈɛlʲan<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈvanɪnʲ]</a></span>) or <b>Mann</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">man</i></a>),<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a self-governing British <a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependency</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a>, between <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>. It is recognised as one of the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_nations" title="Celtic nations">Celtic nations</a> and is the homeland of the <a href="/wiki/Manx_people" title="Manx people">Manx people</a>, a Celtic ethnic group. As <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> holds the title <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Mann" title="Lord of Mann">Lord of Mann</a> and is represented by a <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man">Lieutenant Governor</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">government of the United Kingdom</a> is responsible for the Isle of Man's military defence and represents it abroad, but the Isle of Man still has a separate international identity.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Humans have lived on the island since before 6500 BC. <a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaelic</a> cultural influence began in the 5th century AD, when Irish missionaries following the teaching of <a href="/wiki/St._Patrick" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Patrick">St. Patrick</a> began settling the island,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx language</a>, a branch of the <a href="/wiki/Goidelic_languages" title="Goidelic languages">Goidelic languages</a>, emerged. In 627, King <a href="/wiki/Edwin_of_Northumbria" title="Edwin of Northumbria">Edwin of Northumbria</a> conquered the Isle of Man along with most of <a href="/wiki/Mercia" title="Mercia">Mercia</a>. In the 9th century, <a href="/wiki/Norsemen" title="Norsemen">Norsemen</a> established the <a href="/wiki/Thalassocratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Thalassocratic">thalassocratic</a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="Kingdom of the Isles">Kingdom of the Isles</a>, which included the Isle of Man. <a href="/wiki/Magnus_Barefoot" title="Magnus Barefoot">Magnus III</a>, King of <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> from 1093 to 1103, reigned as <a href="/wiki/King_of_Man_and_the_Isles" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Man and the Isles">King of Man and the Isles</a> between 1099 and 1103.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1266, King <a href="/wiki/Magnus_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnus VI">Magnus VI</a> of <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> sold his <a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">suzerainty</a> over Mann to King <a href="/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Scotland" title="Alexander III of Scotland">Alexander III of Scotland</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Perth" title="Treaty of Perth">Treaty of Perth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a period of alternating rule by the Kings of Scotland and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a>, the island came under the feudal lordship of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">English Crown</a> in 1399. The lordship <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Purchase_Act_1765" title="Isle of Man Purchase Act 1765">revested</a> in the <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">British Crown</a> in 1765, but the island did not become part of the 18th-century <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a>, nor of its successors, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a> and the present-day <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland</a>. It has always retained its internal self-government. In 1881, the Isle of Man <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">Parliament</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tynwald" title="Tynwald">Tynwald</a>, became the first national <a href="/wiki/Legislative_body" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative body">legislative body</a> in the world to give <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">women the right to vote</a> in a general election, although this excluded married women.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Manx economy is bolstered by its status as a <a href="/wiki/Tax_haven" title="Tax haven">tax haven</a> and <a href="/wiki/Offshore_banking" class="mw-redirect" title="Offshore banking">offshore banking</a> destination.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Insurance and <a href="/wiki/Online_gambling" title="Online gambling">online gambling</a> each generate 17% of the <a href="/wiki/Gross_national_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross national product">GNP</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/Information_and_communications_technology" title="Information and communications technology">information and communications technology</a> and banking with 9% each.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This status has, however, also brought the problems of <a href="/wiki/Money_laundering" title="Money laundering">money laundering</a>, financial crime and terrorism financing.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Isle of Man is also known for the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT" title="Isle of Man TT">TT</a> Motorcycle Races,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Manx_cat" title="Manx cat">Manx cat</a>, a breed with short or no tails.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> awarded the Isle of Man <a href="/wiki/World_Network_of_Biosphere_Reserves" title="World Network of Biosphere Reserves">biosphere reserve status</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Manx name of the Isle of Man is <i><span title="Manx-language text"><i lang="gv">Ellan Vannin</i></span></i>: <i><span title="Manx-language text"><i lang="gv">ellan</i></span></i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Manx pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gv-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Manx" title="Help:IPA/Manx">[ɛlʲan]</a></span>), a Manx word meaning "island"; <i><span title="Manx-language text"><i lang="gv">Mannin</i></span></i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gv-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Manx" title="Help:IPA/Manx">[manɪnʲ]</a></span>) appears in the <a href="/wiki/Genitive_case" title="Genitive case">genitive case</a> as <i><span title="Manx-language text"><i lang="gv">Vannin</i></span></i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gv-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Manx" title="Help:IPA/Manx">[vanɪnʲ]</a></span>), with <a href="/wiki/Aspirate_mutation" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspirate mutation">initial consonant mutation</a>, hence <i><span title="Manx-language text"><i lang="gv">Ellan Vannin</i></span></i>, "Island of Mann". The short form used in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> is spelled either Mann or Man. The earliest recorded Manx form of the name is <i><span title="Manx-language text"><i lang="gv">Manu</i></span></i> or <i><span title="Manx-language text"><i lang="gv">Mana</i></span></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Old_Irish" title="Old Irish">Old Irish</a> form of the name is <i><span title="Old Irish (to 900)-language text"><i lang="sga">Manau</i></span></i> or <i><span title="Old Irish (to 900)-language text"><i lang="sga">Mano</i></span></i>. <a href="/wiki/Old_Welsh" title="Old Welsh">Old Welsh</a> records named it as <i><span title="Old Welsh-language text"><i lang="owl">Manaw</i></span></i>, also reflected in <i><span title="Old Welsh-language text"><i lang="owl"><a href="/wiki/Manaw_Gododdin" title="Manaw Gododdin">Manaw Gododdin</a></i></span></i>, the name for an ancient district in north Britain along the lower <a href="/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth">Firth of Forth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Koch2006_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koch2006-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1st century AD, <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a> records it as <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Monapia</i></span></i> or <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Monabia</i></span></i>, and <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> (2nd century) as <i>Monœda</i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Mοναοιδα</span></span>, <i>Monaoida</i>) or <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Mοναρινα</span></span> (<i>Monarina</i>), in <a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine Greek</a>. Later Latin references have <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Mevania</i></span></i> or <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Mænavia</i></span></i> (<a href="/wiki/Orosius" title="Orosius">Orosius</a>, 416),<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Eubonia</i></span></i> or <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Eumonia</i></span></i> by Irish writers. It is found in the <a href="/wiki/Sagas_of_Icelanders" title="Sagas of Icelanders">Sagas of Icelanders</a> as <i><span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">Mön</i></span></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name is probably cognate with the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> name of the island of <a href="/wiki/Anglesey" title="Anglesey">Anglesey</a>, <i><span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Ynys Môn</i></span></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Koch2006_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koch2006-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> usually derived from a <a href="/wiki/Insular_Celtic_languages" title="Insular Celtic languages">Celtic</a> word for 'mountain' (reflected in Welsh <i><span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">mynydd</i></span></i>, <a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a> <i><span title="Breton-language text"><i lang="br">menez</i></span></i> and <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> <i><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">monadh</i></span></i>),<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from a <a href="/wiki/Proto-Celtic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Celtic">Proto-Celtic</a> <i>*moniyos</i>. </p><p>The name was at least secondarily associated with that of <a href="/wiki/Manann%C3%A1n_mac_Lir" title="Manannán mac Lir">Manannán mac Lir</a> in <a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Irish mythology</a> (corresponding to Welsh <i><span title="Old Welsh-language text"><i lang="owl"><a href="/wiki/Manawydan" title="Manawydan">Manawydan</a> fab Llŷr</i></span></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the earliest Irish mythological texts, Manannán is a king of the <a href="/wiki/Otherworld" title="Otherworld">otherworld</a>, but the 9th-century <i><a href="/wiki/Sanas_Cormaic" title="Sanas Cormaic">Sanas Cormaic</a></i> identifies a <a href="/wiki/Euhemerism" title="Euhemerism">euhemerised</a> Manannán as "a famous merchant who resided in, and gave name to, the Isle of Man".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Though others suggest it was the Isle that lent its name to the merchant, refer exhibit in "House of Manannan", of Isle of Man Museum, Peel.) Later, a Manannán is recorded as the first <a href="/wiki/King_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Man">king of Man</a> in a Manx poem (dated 1504).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="History of the Isle of Man">History of the Isle of Man</a></div> <p>The island was cut off from the surrounding islands around 8000 BC as sea levels rose following the end of the last ice age. Humans colonised it by travelling by sea some time before <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">6500 BC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brad8_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brad8-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first occupants were <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">hunter-gatherers</a> and fishermen. Examples of their tools are kept at the <a href="/wiki/Manx_Museum" title="Manx Museum">Manx Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolithic Period">Neolithic Period</a> marked the beginning of farming, and the people began to build <a href="/wiki/Megalith" title="Megalith">megalithic monuments</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Cashtal_yn_Ard" title="Cashtal yn Ard">Cashtal yn Ard</a> in <a href="/wiki/Maughold_(parish)" title="Maughold (parish)">Maughold parish</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_Orry%27s_Grave" title="King Orry's Grave">King Orry's Grave</a> in <a href="/wiki/Laxey" title="Laxey">Laxey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mull_Hill" title="Mull Hill">Mull Hill</a> near <a href="/wiki/Cregneash" title="Cregneash">Cregneash</a> and Ballaharra Stones at <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s,_Isle_of_Man" title="St John's, Isle of Man">St John's</a>. There were also the local <a href="/wiki/Ronaldsway_culture" title="Ronaldsway culture">Ronaldsway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Ireland" title="Prehistoric Ireland">Bann cultures</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>, the size of burial mounds decreased. The people put bodies into stone-lined graves with ornamental containers. The Bronze Age burial mounds survived as long-lasting markers around the countryside.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ancient Romans knew of the island and called it <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Insula Manavia</i></span>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the four centuries when Rome ruled the Province of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Britannia</a>, the Roman military controlled the Irish Sea, providing safe passage of agricultural goods from the productive farms of <a href="/wiki/Anglesey" title="Anglesey">Anglesey</a> to Roman settlements at the English – Scottish frontier. Only a few Roman artefacts have been found on Man, suggesting a lack of strategic value of Man during the era of Britannia. No Roman lighthouses or signal towers have yet been found on Man.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around the 5th century AD, large-scale migration from Ireland precipitated a process of <a href="/wiki/Gaelicisation" title="Gaelicisation">Gaelicisation</a>, evidenced by <a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a> inscriptions, and the <a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx language</a> developed. It is a <a href="/wiki/Goidelic_languages" title="Goidelic languages">Goidelic language</a> closely related to <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Braaid_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_21-APR-09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/The_Braaid_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_21-APR-09.jpg/220px-The_Braaid_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_21-APR-09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/The_Braaid_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_21-APR-09.jpg/330px-The_Braaid_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_21-APR-09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/The_Braaid_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_21-APR-09.jpg/440px-The_Braaid_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_21-APR-09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Braaid" title="The Braaid">The Braaid</a> in the central Isle of Man, with remnants of a Celtic-Norse <a href="/wiki/Roundhouse_(dwelling)" title="Roundhouse (dwelling)">roundhouse</a> and two <a href="/wiki/Longhouse" title="Longhouse">longhouses</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> AD 650–950</span></figcaption></figure> <p>In the 7th century, Man came under control of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxon</a> King <a href="/wiki/Edwin_of_Northumbria" title="Edwin of Northumbria">Edwin of Northumbria</a>, who then launched raids from Man into <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>. How much influence the Northumbrians exerted on Man is unknown, but very few place names on Man are of <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> origin.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kingdom_of_Mann_and_the_Isles-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Kingdom_of_Mann_and_the_Isles-en.svg/220px-Kingdom_of_Mann_and_the_Isles-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Kingdom_of_Mann_and_the_Isles-en.svg/330px-Kingdom_of_Mann_and_the_Isles-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Kingdom_of_Mann_and_the_Isles-en.svg/440px-Kingdom_of_Mann_and_the_Isles-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1297" data-file-height="1362" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="Kingdom of the Isles">Kingdom of the Isles</a> about the year 1100</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Vikings</a> arrived at the end of the 8th century. They established <a href="/wiki/Tynwald" title="Tynwald">Tynwald</a> and introduced many land divisions that still exist. In 1266 <a href="/wiki/Magnus_VI_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnus VI of Norway">King Magnus VI of Norway</a> ceded the islands to <a href="/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Scotland" title="Alexander III of Scotland">Alexander III, King of Scots</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Perth" title="Treaty of Perth">Treaty of Perth</a>. But Scottish rule over Man did not become firmly established until 1275, when the Manx were defeated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ronaldsway" title="Battle of Ronaldsway">Battle of Ronaldsway</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Castletown,_Isle_of_Man" title="Castletown, Isle of Man">Castletown</a>. </p><p>In 1290 King <a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Edward I of England</a> sent <a href="/wiki/Walter_de_Huntercombe,_1st_Baron_Huntercombe" title="Walter de Huntercombe, 1st Baron Huntercombe">Walter de Huntercombe</a> to take possession of Man. It remained in English hands until 1313, when <a href="/wiki/Robert_the_Bruce" title="Robert the Bruce">Robert the Bruce</a> took it after besieging <a href="/wiki/Castle_Rushen" title="Castle Rushen">Castle Rushen</a> for five weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1314, it was retaken for the English by John Bacach of Argyll. In 1317, it was retaken for the Scots by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Randolph,_1st_Earl_of_Moray" title="Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray">Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray</a> and Lord of the Isle of Man. It was held by the Scots until 1333. For some years thereafter control passed back and forth between the two kingdoms until the English took it for the final time in 1346.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The English Crown delegated its rule of the island to a series of lords and magnates. <a href="/wiki/Tynwald" title="Tynwald">Tynwald</a> passed laws concerning the government of the island in all respects and had control over its finances but was subject to the approval of the Lord of Mann. </p><p>In 1765, the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Purchase_Act_1765" title="Isle of Man Purchase Act 1765">Act of Revestment</a> occurred, whereby the feudal rights of the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Atholl" title="Duke of Atholl">Dukes of Atholl</a> as Lords of Man were purchased and revested into the British Crown.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1866, the Isle of Man obtained limited home rule, with partly democratic elections to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Keys" title="House of Keys">House of Keys</a>, but the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Legislative Council of the Isle of Man">Legislative Council</a> was appointed by the Crown. Since then, democratic government has been gradually extended.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During both World Wars, the island was used for the internment of people originating from enemy countries.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In recent times, the economy of the island has benefited from regulatory arbitrage in various contexts, such as low taxes. These have attracted wealthy individuals and, together with relatively low government interference, industries such as offshore financial services and more recently gambling.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Isle of Man has designated more than 250 historic sites as <a href="/wiki/Registered_Buildings_of_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Registered Buildings of the Isle of Man">registered buildings</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Geography of the Isle of Man">Geography of the Isle of Man</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Geology of the Isle of Man">Geology of the Isle of Man</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of islands of the Isle of Man">List of islands of the Isle of Man</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Biota_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Biota of the Isle of Man">Biota of the Isle of Man</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Isle_of_Man_map-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Isle_of_Man_map-en.svg/230px-Isle_of_Man_map-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Isle_of_Man_map-en.svg/345px-Isle_of_Man_map-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Isle_of_Man_map-en.svg/460px-Isle_of_Man_map-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The Isle of Man is an island located in the middle of the northern <a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a>, almost equidistant from <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> to the west and <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> (closest) to the north, while <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> to the south is almost the distance of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a> to the southwest. It is 52 kilometres (32 mi) long and, at its widest point, 22 kilometres (14 mi) wide. It has an area of around 572 square kilometres (221 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-gov.im_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gov.im-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides the island of Man itself, the political unit of the Isle of Man includes some nearby small islands: the seasonally inhabited <a href="/wiki/Calf_of_Man" title="Calf of Man">Calf of Man</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chicken_Rock" title="Chicken Rock">Chicken Rock</a> (on which stands an unstaffed lighthouse), <a href="/wiki/St_Patrick%27s_Isle" title="St Patrick's Isle">St Patrick's Isle</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Michael%27s_Isle" title="St Michael's Isle">St Michael's Isle</a>. The last two of these are connected to the main island by permanent roads/causeways. </p><p>Ranges of hills in the north and south are separated by a central valley. The northern plain, by contrast, is relatively flat, consisting mainly of deposits from glacial advances from western Scotland during colder times. There are more recently deposited <a href="/wiki/Shingle_beach" title="Shingle beach">shingle beaches</a> at the northernmost point, the <a href="/wiki/Point_of_Ayre" title="Point of Ayre">Point of Ayre</a>. The island has one mountain higher than 600 metres (2,000 ft), <a href="/wiki/Snaefell" title="Snaefell">Snaefell</a>, with a height of 620 metres (2,034 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-gov.im_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gov.im-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to an old saying, from the summit one can see six kingdoms: those of Man, Scotland, England, Ireland, Wales and <a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">Heaven</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some versions add a seventh kingdom, that of the sea, or <a href="/wiki/Neptune_(mythology)" title="Neptune (mythology)">Neptune</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sound_IOM.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Sound_IOM.JPG/220px-Sound_IOM.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Sound_IOM.JPG/330px-Sound_IOM.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Sound_IOM.JPG/440px-Sound_IOM.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Calf_of_Man" title="Calf of Man">Calf of Man</a> seen from <a href="/wiki/Cregneash" title="Cregneash">Cregneash</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Isle of Man has a <a href="/wiki/Temperate" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate">temperate</a> <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>Cfb</i>). Average rainfall is higher than averaged over the territory of the British Isles, because the Isle of Man is far enough from Ireland for the prevailing south-westerly winds to accumulate moisture. Average rainfall is highest at <a href="/wiki/Snaefell" title="Snaefell">Snaefell</a>, where it is around 1,900 millimetres (75 in) a year. At lower levels it can be around 800 millimetres (31 in) a year. In drier spots, the Isle of Man is sunnier than either Ireland or the majority of England at 1,651 hours per year at the official <a href="/wiki/Ronaldsway" title="Ronaldsway">Ronaldsway</a> station.<sup id="cite_ref-RonaldswayMetOffice_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RonaldswayMetOffice-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest recorded temperature was 28.9 °C (84.0 °F) in Ronaldsway on 12 July 1983. Due to the moderate surface temperatures of the Irish Sea, the island does not receive bursts of heat that sometimes can hit Northern England. The stable water temperature also means that <a href="/wiki/Air_frost" class="mw-redirect" title="Air frost">air frost</a> is rare, averaging just ten occasions per year.<sup id="cite_ref-RonaldswayMetOffice_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RonaldswayMetOffice-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 10 May 2019 Chief Minister Howard Quayle stated that the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Government" title="Isle of Man Government">Isle of Man Government</a> recognises that a <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a> exists due to the threat of anthropogenic <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Ronaldsway, Isle of Man (1991–2020) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2<br />(55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8<br />(82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">29.0<br />(84.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2<br />(57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5<br />(47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3<br />(57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5<br />(61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4<br />(43.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(43.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9<br />(48.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1<br />(44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.5<br />(50.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3<br />(39.7) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8<br />(42.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1<br />(46.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7<br />(44.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.9<br />(46.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.9<br />(30.4) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.8<br />(30.6) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.2<br />(31.6) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(34.0) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4<br />(38.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5<br />(43.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9<br />(48.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6<br />(38.5) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0<br />(33.8) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.7<br />(30.7) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−2.3<br />(27.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.8<br />(18.0) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.8<br />(21.6) </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.0<br />(21.2) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.4<br />(25.9) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.8<br />(30.6) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4<br />(34.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3<br />(41.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0<br />(33.8) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.5<br />(29.3) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.0<br />(24.8) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.0<br />(19.4) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−7.8<br />(18.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #84FF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.5<br />(3.25) </td> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.5<br />(2.58) </td> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.5<br />(2.46) </td> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.1<br />(2.17) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.6<br />(2.15) </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.4<br />(2.46) </td> <td style="background: #A6FFA6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.1<br />(2.33) </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.4<br />(2.65) </td> <td style="background: #92FF92; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.6<br />(2.78) </td> <td style="background: #65FF65; color:#000000;" class="notheme">103.3<br />(4.07) </td> <td style="background: #5DFF5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">105.2<br />(4.14) </td> <td style="background: #71FF71; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.0<br />(3.74) </td> <td style="background: #8FFF8F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">883.2<br />(34.78) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.2 </td> <td style="background: #6464FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11.4 </td> <td style="background: #7878FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #8181FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #7979FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 </td> <td style="background: #7070FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #5959FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.4 </td> <td style="background: #3535FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.8 </td> <td style="background: #4949FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.7 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">141.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #636363; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">54.6 </td> <td style="background: #A6A6A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.8 </td> <td style="background: #B9B94B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">127.3 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">181.9 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">235.3 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">213.4 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">203.5 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">190.2 </td> <td style="background: #C4C40B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">145.9 </td> <td style="background: #AFAF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">105.4 </td> <td style="background: #787878; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.9 </td> <td style="background: #555555; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">47.0 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF28; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,651.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a><sup id="cite_ref-Metoffice_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Metoffice-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Météo Climat,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Infoclimat<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Government" title="Isle of Man Government">Isle of Man Government</a></div> <p>The United Kingdom is responsible for the island's defence and ultimately for <a href="/wiki/Good_governance" title="Good governance">good governance</a>, and for representing the island in international forums, while the island's own parliament and government have competence over all domestic matters.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_structure">Political structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Political structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Manx_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Manx law">Manx law</a></div> <p>The island's parliament, <a href="/wiki/Tynwald" title="Tynwald">Tynwald</a>, is claimed to have been in continuous existence since 979 or earlier, purportedly making it the oldest continuously governing body in the world, though evidence supports a much later date.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tynwald is a <a href="/wiki/Tricameralism#Isle_of_Man" title="Tricameralism">bicameral or tricameral</a> legislature, comprising the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Keys" title="House of Keys">House of Keys</a> (directly elected by universal suffrage with a voting age of 16 years) and the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Legislative Council of the Isle of Man">Legislative Council</a> (consisting of indirectly elected and <a href="/wiki/Ex_officio_member" title="Ex officio member">ex-officio members</a>). These two bodies also meet together in joint session as <a href="/wiki/Tynwald" title="Tynwald">Tynwald</a> Court. </p><p>The executive branch of government is the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Council of Ministers of the Isle of Man">Council of Ministers</a>, which is composed of Members of Tynwald (usually Members of the House of Keys, though Members of the Legislative Council may also be appointed as Ministers). It is headed by the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister of the Isle of Man">Chief Minister</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Vice-regal" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-regal">Vice-regal</a> functions of the head of state are performed by a <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man">lieutenant governor</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="External_relations_and_security">External relations and security</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External relations and security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/External_relations_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="External relations of the Isle of Man">External relations of the Isle of Man</a></div> <p>In various laws of the United Kingdom, "the United Kingdom" is defined to exclude the Isle of Man. Historically, the UK has taken care of its external and defence affairs and retains paramount power to legislate for the Island. However, in 2007, the Isle of Man and the UK signed an agreement that established frameworks for the development of the international identity of the Isle of Man.<sup id="cite_ref-framework_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-framework-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no separate Manx citizenship. Citizenship is covered by UK law, and Manx people are classed as British citizens. There is a long history of relations and cultural exchange between the Isle of Man and <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>. The Isle of Man's historic <a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx language</a> and its modern revived variant are closely related to both <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish language</a> and, in 1947, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a> of Ireland, spearheaded efforts to save the dying Manx language.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Defence">Defence</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Defence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Isle of Man is not part of the United Kingdom; however, the UK is responsible for its defence and external affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are no independent military forces on the Isle of Man, although <a href="/wiki/HMS_Ramsey_(M110)" title="HMS Ramsey (M110)">HMS <i>Ramsey</i></a> was affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Ramsey,_Isle_of_Man" title="Ramsey, Isle of Man">town of the same name</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1938 to 1955, there existed the <a href="/wiki/Manx_Regiment" title="Manx Regiment">Manx Regiment</a> of the British <a href="/wiki/Territorial_Army_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial Army (United Kingdom)">Territorial Army</a> (TA), which saw extensive action during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Stanley,_7th_Earl_of_Derby" title="James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby">the 7th Earl of Derby</a>, who was also the Lord of Mann, conscripted 10 men from each parish (170 in total) to fight for the Royalist cause; the majority were killed at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wigan_Lane" title="Battle of Wigan Lane">Battle of Wigan Lane</a> in 1651. In 1779, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Manx_Fencibles" title="Royal Manx Fencibles">Manx Fencible Corps</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Fencible" class="mw-redirect" title="Fencible">fencible</a> regiment of three companies, was raised; it was disbanded in 1783 at the end of the <a href="/wiki/American_War_of_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="American War of Independence">American War of Independence</a>. Later, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Manx_Fencibles" title="Royal Manx Fencibles">Royal Manx Fencibles</a> was raised at the time of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>. The 1st Battalion (of 3 companies) was raised in 1793. A 2nd Battalion (of 10 companies) was raised in 1795,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it saw action during the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1798" title="Irish Rebellion of 1798">Irish Rebellion of 1798</a>. The regiment was disbanded in 1802.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A third body of Manx Fencibles was raised in 1803 to defend the island during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> and to assist the Revenue. It was disbanded in 1811.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Home_Guard" title="Isle of Man Home Guard">Isle of Man Home Guard</a> was raised during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> for home defence.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015 a multi-capability recruiting and training unit of the <a href="/wiki/Army_Reserve_(United_Kingdom)" title="Army Reserve (United Kingdom)">British Army Reserve</a> was established in Douglas.<sup id="cite_ref-Isle_of_Man_Army_Reserve_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Isle_of_Man_Army_Reserve-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Manxman_status">Manxman status</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Manxman status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Manx_passport" class="mw-redirect" title="Manx passport">Manx passport</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isle_of_Man_Passport_(Blue).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Isle_of_Man_Passport_%28Blue%29.png/170px-Isle_of_Man_Passport_%28Blue%29.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Isle_of_Man_Passport_%28Blue%29.png/255px-Isle_of_Man_Passport_%28Blue%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Isle_of_Man_Passport_%28Blue%29.png/340px-Isle_of_Man_Passport_%28Blue%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1456" /></a><figcaption>British passport (Isle of Man)</figcaption></figure> <p>There is no citizenship of the Isle of Man as such; Isle of Man residents are entitled to British citizenship and can obtain a full UK British passport or British Isle of Man passport.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Passport Office, Isle of Man, Douglas, accepts and processes applications for the <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man">Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man</a>, who is formally responsible for issuing Isle of Man–issued British passports, titled "<i>British passport – Isle of Man</i><span style="padding-left:.15em;">"</span>. The powers conferred on the UK Secretary of State by the British Nationality Act 1981 extend to and are exercised in the Isle of Man by the Lieutenant Governor.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Isle of Man-issued British passports can presently be issued to any British citizen resident in the Isle of Man and to British citizens who have a qualifying close personal connection to the Isle of Man but are now resident either in the UK or in either one of the two other Crown Dependencies.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="European_Union">European Union</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: European Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. <br /><small>Last update: Needs updating to reflect Brexit</small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Isle of Man was never part of either the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">EEC</a> or the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU), nor did it have a <a href="/wiki/Special_member_state_territories_and_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Special member state territories and the European Union">special status</a>, and thus it did not take part in the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">2016 (Brexit) referendum</a> on the UK's <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> membership.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it was included within the <a href="/wiki/EU%27s_customs_area" class="mw-redirect" title="EU's customs area">EU's customs area</a>, as part of Protocol 3 of the UK's Act of Accession to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rome" title="Treaty of Rome">Treaty of Rome</a>, allowing Manx goods to be traded throughout the EU without tariffs.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was not part of the <a href="/wiki/EU%27s_internal_market" class="mw-redirect" title="EU's internal market">EU's internal market</a> and there were still limitations on the movement of capital, services and labour.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>EU citizens were entitled to travel and reside, but not work, in the island without restriction. British citizens with Manxman status were under the same circumstances and restrictions as any other non-EU European relating country to work in the EU.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The political and diplomatic impacts of <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a> on the island are still uncertain. The UK confirmed that the Crown Dependencies' positions were included in the <a href="/wiki/Brexit_negotiations" title="Brexit negotiations">Brexit negotiations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GRBWP_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRBWP-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Brexit_withdrawal_agreement" title="Brexit withdrawal agreement">Brexit withdrawal agreement</a> explicitly included the Isle of Man in its territorial scope, but makes no other mention of it.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island's government website stated that after the end of the implementation period, the Isle of Man's relationship with the EU would depend on the agreement reached between the UK and the EU on their future relationship.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Commonwealth_of_Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Commonwealth of Nations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Isle of Man is not a member of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>. By virtue of its relationship with the United Kingdom, it takes part in several Commonwealth institutions, including the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Parliamentary_Association" title="Commonwealth Parliamentary Association">Commonwealth Parliamentary Association</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Games" title="Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Isle of Man">Government of the Isle of Man</a> has made calls for a more integrated relationship with the Commonwealth,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including more direct representation and enhanced participation in Commonwealth organisations and meetings, including Commonwealth Heads of Government Meetings.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister of the Isle of Man">Chief Minister of the Isle of Man</a> has said: "A closer connection with the Commonwealth itself would be a welcome further development of the island's international relationships."<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IsleOfMan_LocAuths_and_Sheadings2020.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/IsleOfMan_LocAuths_and_Sheadings2020.svg/220px-IsleOfMan_LocAuths_and_Sheadings2020.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/IsleOfMan_LocAuths_and_Sheadings2020.svg/330px-IsleOfMan_LocAuths_and_Sheadings2020.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/IsleOfMan_LocAuths_and_Sheadings2020.svg/440px-IsleOfMan_LocAuths_and_Sheadings2020.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>Local authorities and <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Isle_of_Man#Sheadings" title="Local government in the Isle of Man">sheadings</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Politics of the Isle of Man">Politics of the Isle of Man</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in the Isle of Man">List of political parties in the Isle of Man</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Elections in the Isle of Man">Elections in the Isle of Man</a></div> <p>Most Manx politicians stand for election as independents rather than as representatives of political parties. Although political parties do exist, their influence is not as strong as in the United Kingdom. </p><p>There are three political parties in the Isle of Man: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Vannin_Party" title="Liberal Vannin Party">Liberal Vannin Party</a> (established 2006) has one seat in the House of Keys; it promotes greater Manx autonomy and more accountability in government.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Manx_Labour_Party" title="Manx Labour Party">Manx Labour Party</a> is active and for much of the 20th century had several MHKs. Since the 2021 general election there are two MLP members in the House of Keys, both of whom are women.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Green_Party" title="Isle of Man Green Party">Isle of Man Green Party</a> was established in 2016, but only has representation at <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Local government in the Isle of Man">local government</a> level.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>There are also a number of pressure groups on the island. <a href="/wiki/Mec_Vannin" title="Mec Vannin">Mec Vannin</a> advocate the establishment of a <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereign</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Positive_Action_Group" title="Positive Action Group">Positive Action Group</a> campaign for three key elements to be introduced into the governance of the island: open accountable government, rigorous control of public finances and a fairer society.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government">Local government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Local government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Local government in the Isle of Man">Local government in the Isle of Man</a></div> <p>Local government on the Isle of Man is based partly on the island's 17 ancient parishes. There are four types of local authorities: </p> <ul><li>a <a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">corporation</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">City of Douglas</a> and bodies of commissioners for the town districts of <a href="/wiki/Castletown,_Isle_of_Man" title="Castletown, Isle of Man">Castletown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peel,_Isle_of_Man" title="Peel, Isle of Man">Peel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ramsey,_Isle_of_Man" title="Ramsey, Isle of Man">Ramsey</a></li> <li>the districts of <a href="/wiki/Kirk_Michael" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirk Michael">Kirk Michael</a> and <a href="/wiki/Onchan" title="Onchan">Onchan</a></li> <li>the village districts of <a href="/wiki/Port_Erin" title="Port Erin">Port Erin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Port_St_Mary" title="Port St Mary">Port St Mary</a></li> <li>the 13 parish districts (those historic parishes, or combinations or parts of them, which do not fall within the districts previously mentioned).</li></ul> <p>Each of these districts has its own body of commissioners. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LGBT_rights">LGBT rights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: LGBT rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Isle of Man">LGBT rights in the Isle of Man</a></div> <p>The Isle of Man was the last place in the British Isles to legalise same-sex sexual activity. While it had been legal in England and Wales since 1967, it remained illegal in the Isle of Man until 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Isle of Man's former Chief Minister <a href="/wiki/Howard_Quayle" title="Howard Quayle">Howard Quayle</a> issued an "unqualified apology" to gay men convicted of same-sex offences under previous Manx laws. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_services">Public services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Public services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Education in the Isle of Man">Education in the Isle of Man</a></div> <p>Public education is overseen by the Department of Education, Sport & Culture. Thirty-two primary schools, five secondary schools and the <a href="/wiki/University_College_Isle_of_Man" title="University College Isle of Man">University College Isle of Man</a> function under the department.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Health in the Isle of Man">Health in the Isle of Man</a> and <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in the Isle of Man">Healthcare in the Isle of Man</a></div> <p>Two-thirds of residents of Man are overweight or obese, four in ten are physically inactive, one-quarter are binge drinkers, one in twelve smoke cigarettes and about 15% are in poor general health.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Healthcare is provided via a public health scheme by the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_and_Social_Care_(Isle_of_Man)" title="Department of Health and Social Care (Isle of Man)">Department of Health and Social Care</a> for residents and visitors from the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crime">Crime</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Crime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Crime Severity Rate in Man, which largely measures crimes directed against persons or property, remains substantially less than that in the United Kingdom, although the rate of violent crime has been increasing in recent years. Most violent crime is associated with the trade in illegal drugs.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Government of Man has laid out a strategy entailing a "whole-Island approach" to address the serious problems of money laundering, financial crime and terrorism financing.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emergency_services">Emergency services</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Emergency services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Isle of Man Government maintains five emergency services.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Constabulary" title="Isle of Man Constabulary">Isle of Man Constabulary</a> (police)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Coastguard" title="Isle of Man Coastguard">Isle of Man Coastguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Isle of Man Fire and Rescue Service">Isle of Man Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Ambulance_Service" title="Isle of Man Ambulance Service">Isle of Man Ambulance Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Civil_Defence_Corps" title="Isle of Man Civil Defence Corps">Isle of Man Civil Defence Corps</a></li></ul> <p>All of these services are controlled directly by the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Home_Affairs_(Isle_of_Man)" title="Department of Home Affairs (Isle of Man)">Department of Home Affairs</a> of the Isle of Man Government and are independent of the United Kingdom. Nonetheless, the Isle of Man Constabulary voluntarily submits to inspection by the British inspectorate of police,<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Isle of Man Coastguard contracts His Majesty's Coastguard (UK) for air-sea rescue operations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crematorium">Crematorium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Crematorium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The island's sole <a href="/wiki/Crematorium" title="Crematorium">crematorium</a> is located in Glencrutchery Road, Douglas, and operated by the Douglas Borough Council. Usually staffed by four, in March 2020 an increase of staff to 12 was announced by the Council leader, responding to the threat of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, which could require more staff.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Economy of the Isle of Man">Economy of the Isle of Man</a></div> <p>The Isle of Man has no <a href="/wiki/Capital_gains_tax" title="Capital gains tax">capital gains tax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wealth_tax" title="Wealth tax">wealth tax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stamp_duty" title="Stamp duty">stamp duty</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Inheritance_tax" title="Inheritance tax">inheritance tax</a><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a top rate of <a href="/wiki/Income_tax" title="Income tax">income tax</a> of 22% (as of April 2024).<sup id="cite_ref-opw_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opw-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A tax cap is in force: the maximum amount of tax payable by an individual is £200,000 or £400,000 for couples choosing to have their incomes jointly assessed. Personal income is assessed and taxed on a worldwide income basis rather than a <a href="/wiki/Remittance" title="Remittance">remittance</a> basis. This means that all income earned throughout the world is assessable for Manx tax rather than only income earned in or brought into the island. The standard rate of <a href="/wiki/Corporate_tax" title="Corporate tax">corporation tax</a> for residents and non-residents is 0%. Retail business profits above £500,000 and banking business income are taxed at 10%, while rental (or other) income from land and buildings situated on the Isle of Man is taxed at 20%.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peel_-_Peel_Bay_Beach_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1719663.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Peel_-_Peel_Bay_Beach_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1719663.jpg/300px-Peel_-_Peel_Bay_Beach_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1719663.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Peel_-_Peel_Bay_Beach_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1719663.jpg/450px-Peel_-_Peel_Bay_Beach_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1719663.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Peel_-_Peel_Bay_Beach_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1719663.jpg/600px-Peel_-_Peel_Bay_Beach_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1719663.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3538" data-file-height="1187" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Peel,_Isle_of_Man" title="Peel, Isle of Man">Peel</a> is the island's main fishing port.</figcaption></figure> <p>Man's low corporate tax burden<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and absence of public registries of corporate ownership<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> provides <a href="/wiki/Tax_avoidance" title="Tax avoidance">tax avoidance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tax_evasion" title="Tax evasion">tax evasion</a> strategies for individuals and corporations, resulting in a large influx of funds from those in pursuit of tax advantage and financial confidentiality.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The relative importance of agriculture, fishing and <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Tourism in the Isle of Man">tourism in the Isle of Man</a>, the former mainstays of the economy, has accordingly declined.<sup id="cite_ref-theconversation1_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theconversation1-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As is typical of the low-tax crown dependencies, Man's economy features financial services, shell corporations for high-technology companies, online gambling and online gaming,<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> cinema production and tax havens for high net worth individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These activities have brought some high-income jobs to Man, as hundreds of local residents serve as "straw man" directors and shareholders of shell companies.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar schemes provide a means for high net worth individuals to reduce their tax obligations and to shield their financial dealings from public scrutiny.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-theconversation1_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theconversation1-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As described in the <a href="/wiki/Paradise_Papers" title="Paradise Papers">Paradise Papers</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Isle of Man economy features extensive illegal economic activity including tax evasion, money laundering from drug sales, money transfers from weapons sales, and looting of public treasuries of other nation states (particularly Russia).<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These funds are mostly funneled into the London financial markets.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Online gambling sites provided about 10% of the Man government's revenue in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (September 2023)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There has been an effort to regulate these illicit activities on Man, though the impact of legal measures instituted by the Man government remains uncertain.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of June, 2023, Man remains out of compliance with standards for Anti-Money Laundering & Countering the Financing of Terrorism requirements according to <a href="/wiki/Moneyval" title="Moneyval">Moneyval</a>, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>'s Committee of Experts on the Evaluation of Anti-Money Laundering Measures and the Financing of Terrorism.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Isle of Man <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Enterprise_(Isle_of_Man)" title="Department for Enterprise (Isle of Man)">Department for Enterprise</a> manages the diversified economy in 12 key sectors.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest sectors by GNP are insurance and <a href="/wiki/Online_gambling" title="Online gambling">online casino operations</a> with 17% of GNP each, followed by <a href="/wiki/Information_and_communications_technology" title="Information and communications technology">ICT</a> and banking with 9% each. The 2016 census lists 41,636 total employed.<sup id="cite_ref-census-2016_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-2016-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest sectors by employment are "medical and health", "financial and business services", construction, retail and public administration.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manufacturing, focused on aerospace and the food and drink industry,<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> employs almost 2000 workers and contributes about 5% of <a href="/wiki/Gross_Domestic_Product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross Domestic Product">gross domestic product</a> (GDP). The sector provides laser optics, industrial diamonds, electronics, plastics and aerospace precision engineering. Tourism, agriculture and fishing, once the mainstays of the economy, now make very little contributions to the island's GDP. The unemployment rate on Man is less than 1%.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Trade takes place mostly with the United Kingdom. The island is in customs union with the UK, and related revenues are pooled and shared under the <a href="/wiki/Common_Purse_Agreement" title="Common Purse Agreement">Common Purse Agreement</a>. This means that the Isle of Man cannot have the lower excise revenues on alcohol and other goods that are enjoyed in the <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands" title="Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a>. </p><p>The Manx government <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Film" title="Isle of Man Film">promotes island locations for making films</a> by offering financial support. Since 1995, over 100 films have been made on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most recently the island has taken a much wider strategy to attract the general digital media industry in film, television, video and <a href="/wiki/Esports" title="Esports">esports</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Isle of Man Government Lottery operated from 1986 to 1997. Since 2 December 1999 the island has participated in the <a href="/wiki/National_Lottery_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Lottery (United Kingdom)">United Kingdom National Lottery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island is the only jurisdiction outside the United Kingdom where it is possible to play the UK National Lottery.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2010 it has also been possible for projects in the Isle of Man to receive national lottery <a href="/wiki/The_National_Lottery_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="The National Lottery Awards">Good Causes Funding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The good causes funding is distributed by the Manx Lottery Trust.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tynwald" title="Tynwald">Tynwald</a> receives the 12% lottery duty for tickets sold in the island. </p><p>Tourist numbers peaked in the first half of the 20th century, prior to the boom in cheap travel to Southern Europe that also saw the decline of tourism in many similar English seaside resorts. The Isle of Man tourism board has recently invested in "Dark Sky Discovery" sites to diversify its tourism industry. It is expected that dark skies will generally be nominated by the public across the UK. However, the Isle of Man tourism board tasked someone from their team to nominate 27 places on the island as a civil task. This cluster of the highest quality "Milky Way" sites<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is now well promoted within the island. This government push has effectively given the island a headstart in the number of recognised Dark Sky sites. However, this has created a distorted view when compared to the UK where this is not promoted on a national scale. There, Dark Sky sites are expected to be nominated over time by the public across a full range of town, city and countryside locations rather than <i>en masse</i> by government departments.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017 an office of <a href="/wiki/The_International_Stock_Exchange" title="The International Stock Exchange">The International Stock Exchange</a> was opened to provide a boost for the island's finance industry.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Communications">Communications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Communications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Communications_on_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications on the Isle of Man">Communications on the Isle of Man</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cmglee_Douglas_Isle_of_Man_aerial_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Cmglee_Douglas_Isle_of_Man_aerial_view.jpg/220px-Cmglee_Douglas_Isle_of_Man_aerial_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Cmglee_Douglas_Isle_of_Man_aerial_view.jpg/330px-Cmglee_Douglas_Isle_of_Man_aerial_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Cmglee_Douglas_Isle_of_Man_aerial_view.jpg/440px-Cmglee_Douglas_Isle_of_Man_aerial_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="4800" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of Douglas and the southern half of the Isle of Man</figcaption></figure> <p>The main telephone provider on the Isle of Man is <a href="/wiki/Manx_Telecom" title="Manx Telecom">Manx Telecom</a>. The island has two mobile operators: Manx Telecom, previously known as Manx Pronto, and <a href="/wiki/Sure_(company)" title="Sure (company)">Sure</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cloud9_(service_provider)" title="Cloud9 (service provider)">Cloud9</a> operated as a third mobile operator on the island for a short time but has since withdrawn.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Broadband internet services are available through four local providers: Wi-Manx, Domicilium, Manx Computer Bureau and <a href="/wiki/Manx_Telecom" title="Manx Telecom">Manx Telecom</a>, non-local offerings have begun to offer coverage with recent investment from <a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink</a> which is available island wide. The island does not have its own <a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">ITU</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_country_calling_codes" title="List of country calling codes">country code</a> but is accessed via the British country code (+44). Telephone numbers are part of the <a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">British telephone numbering plan</a>, with local dialling codes 01624 for landlines and 07524, 07624 and 07924 for mobiles. Calls to the island from the UK, however, are generally charged differently from those within the UK and may or may not be included in any "inclusive minutes" packages.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1996, the Isle of Man Government obtained permission to use the <a href="/wiki/.im" title=".im">.im</a> national <a href="/wiki/Top-level_domain" title="Top-level domain">top-level domain</a> (TLD) and has ultimate responsibility for its use. The domain is managed from day to day by Domicilium, an island-based internet service provider. In December 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Manx_Electricity_Authority" title="Manx Electricity Authority">Manx Electricity Authority</a> and its telecommunications subsidiary, e-llan Communications, commissioned the laying of a new fibre-optic link that connects the island to a worldwide fibre-optic network. In August 2021 it was reported that <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a>'s satellite internet service, <a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink</a>, had been granted a licence to operate from a ground station on the island. </p><p>The Isle of Man has three radio stations: <a href="/wiki/Manx_Radio" title="Manx Radio">Manx Radio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Energy_FM_(Isle_of_Man)" title="Energy FM (Isle of Man)">Energy FM</a> and 3FM. </p><p>There is no insular television service, but local transmitters retransmit British mainland digital broadcasts via the free-to-air <a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital terrestrial">digital terrestrial</a> service <a href="/wiki/Freeview_(UK)" title="Freeview (UK)">Freeview</a>. The Isle of Man is served by <a href="/wiki/BBC_North_West" title="BBC North West">BBC North West</a> for <a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One</a> and <a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC Two</a> television services, and <a href="/wiki/ITV_Granada" title="ITV Granada">ITV Granada</a> for <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a>. </p><p>Many television services are available by satellite, such as <a href="/wiki/Sky_(UK_%26_Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky (UK & Ireland)">Sky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freesat" title="Freesat">Freesat</a> from the group of satellites at <a href="/wiki/Astra_28.2%C2%B0E" title="Astra 28.2°E">28.2° East</a>, as well as services from a range of other satellites around Europe such as the <a href="/wiki/SES_Astra" title="SES Astra">Astra</a> satellites at <a href="/wiki/Astra_19.2%C2%B0E" title="Astra 19.2°E">19.2° east</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hot_Bird" title="Hot Bird">Hot Bird</a>. </p><p>The Isle of Man has three newspapers, all weeklies and owned by <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Newspapers" title="Isle of Man Newspapers">Isle of Man Newspapers</a>, a division of the Edinburgh media company <a href="/wiki/Johnston_Press" title="Johnston Press">Johnston Press</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Courier" title="Isle of Man Courier">Isle of Man Courier</a></i> (distribution 36,318) is free and distributed to homes on the island. The other two newspapers are <i><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Examiner" title="Isle of Man Examiner">Isle of Man Examiner</a></i> (circulation 13,276) and the <i><a href="/wiki/Manx_Independent" title="Manx Independent">Manx Independent</a></i> (circulation 12,255).<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Postal services are the responsibility of the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Post_Office" title="Isle of Man Post Office">Isle of Man Post Office</a>, which took over from the UK's <a href="/wiki/General_Post_Office" title="General Post Office">General Post Office</a> in 1973. Independent postal services such as <a href="/wiki/DHL" title="DHL">DHL</a>, <a href="/wiki/FedEx" title="FedEx">FedEx</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hermes_Europe" title="Hermes Europe">Hermes Europe</a> are also present. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Transport in the Isle of Man">Transport in the Isle of Man</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_Sea_Terminal_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_20-APR-09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Douglas_Sea_Terminal_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_20-APR-09.jpg/220px-Douglas_Sea_Terminal_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_20-APR-09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Douglas_Sea_Terminal_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_20-APR-09.jpg/330px-Douglas_Sea_Terminal_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_20-APR-09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Douglas_Sea_Terminal_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_20-APR-09.jpg/440px-Douglas_Sea_Terminal_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_20-APR-09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Sea Terminal front façade</figcaption></figure> <p>There is a comprehensive bus network, operated by the government-owned bus operator <a href="/wiki/Bus_Vannin" title="Bus Vannin">Bus Vannin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Sea_Terminal" title="Isle of Man Sea Terminal">Isle of Man Sea Terminal</a> in Douglas has regular ferries to and from <a href="/wiki/Heysham" title="Heysham">Heysham</a> and to and from <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, with a more restricted timetable operating in winter. The two vessels are <i>Manannan</i> and <i>Manxman</i>. The latter, named by the public in mid 2020 and built by <a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Heavy_Industries_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyundai Heavy Industries Group">Hyundai</a>, arrived in 2023 and soon had largely taken over from the <i>Ben My Chree</i>. There are also limited summer-only services to and from <a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>. The Dublin route also operates at Christmas. At the time of the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT" title="Isle of Man TT">Isle of Man TT</a> a limited number of sailings operate to and from <a href="/wiki/Larne_Harbour_railway_station" title="Larne Harbour railway station">Larne</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>. All ferries are operated by the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Steam_Packet_Company" title="Isle of Man Steam Packet Company">Isle of Man Steam Packet Company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The only commercial airport on the island is the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Airport" title="Isle of Man Airport">Isle of Man Airport</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ronaldsway" title="Ronaldsway">Ronaldsway</a>. There are direct scheduled and chartered flights to numerous airports in the United Kingdom and Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The island has a total of 688 miles (1,107 km)<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of public roads, all of which are paved. There is no overriding national speed limit; only local speed limits are set, and some roads have no speed limit. Rules about reckless driving and most other driving regulations are enforced in a similar way to the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-speed01_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-speed01-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a requirement for regular vehicle examinations for some vehicles (similar to the <a href="/wiki/MOT_test" title="MOT test">MOT test</a> in the UK).<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The island used to have an extensive <a href="/wiki/British_narrow-gauge_railways" title="British narrow-gauge railways">narrow-gauge railway</a> system, both steam-operated and electric, but the majority of the steam railway tracks were taken out of service many years ago and the track removed. As of 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there is a <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Railway" title="Isle of Man Railway">steam railway</a> between Douglas and Port Erin, an <a href="/wiki/Manx_Electric_Railway" title="Manx Electric Railway">electric railway</a> between Douglas and Ramsey and an <a href="/wiki/Snaefell_Mountain_Railway" title="Snaefell Mountain Railway">electric mountain railway</a> which climbs <a href="/wiki/Snaefell" title="Snaefell">Snaefell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Heritage_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heritage-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the oldest operating horse tram services is located on the sea front in the capital, <a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a>. It was founded in 1876.<sup id="cite_ref-Heritage_138-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heritage-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Space_commerce">Space commerce</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Space commerce"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Isle of Man has become a centre for emerging <a href="/wiki/Private_spaceflight" title="Private spaceflight">private space travel</a> companies.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of the competitors in the <a href="/wiki/Google_Lunar_X_Prize" title="Google Lunar X Prize">Google Lunar X Prize</a>, a $30 million competition for the first privately funded team to send a robot to the Moon, are based on the island. The team summit for the X Prize was held on the island in October 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2011 two research space stations owned by <a href="/wiki/Excalibur_Almaz" title="Excalibur Almaz">Excalibur Almaz</a> arrived on the island and were kept in an aircraft hangar at the airfield at the former <a href="/wiki/RAF_Jurby" title="RAF Jurby">RAF Jurby</a> near <a href="/wiki/Jurby" title="Jurby">Jurby</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electricity_supply">Electricity supply</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Electricity supply"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The electricity supply on the Isle of Man is run by the <a href="/wiki/Manx_Utilities_Authority" title="Manx Utilities Authority">Manx Utilities Authority</a>. The Isle of Man is connected to <a href="/wiki/National_Grid_(Great_Britain)" title="National Grid (Great Britain)">Great Britain's national grid</a> by a 40 <a href="/wiki/Megawatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Megawatt">MW</a> <a href="/wiki/Alternating_current" title="Alternating current">alternating current</a> link (<a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_to_England_Interconnector" title="Isle of Man to England Interconnector">Isle of Man to England Interconnector</a>). There are also hydroelectric, natural gas and diesel generators. The government has also planned a 700 MW offshore wind farm, roughly half the size of <a href="/wiki/Walney_Wind_Farm" title="Walney Wind Farm">Walney Wind Farm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4coff_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4coff-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gas_supply">Gas supply</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Gas supply"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_gas_industry" title="Isle of Man gas industry">Isle of Man gas industry</a></div> <p>Gas for lighting and heating has been supplied to users on the Isle of Man since 1836, firstly as <a href="/wiki/Coal_gas" title="Coal gas">town gas</a>, then as <a href="/wiki/Liquefied_petroleum_gas" title="Liquefied petroleum gas">liquefied petroleum gas</a> (LPG); since 2003 <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> has been available. The future use of <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_economy" title="Hydrogen economy">hydrogen</a> as a supplementary or substitute fuel is being studied.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cannabis_cultivation">Cannabis cultivation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Cannabis cultivation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 2021, the law prohibiting commercial cultivation of cannabis on the Isle of Man was repealed, and the government of Man, for the first time, offered licences for production and export of cannabis. In February 2022, Man resident and local billionaire <a href="/wiki/John_Whittaker_(businessman)" title="John Whittaker (businessman)">John Whittaker</a>, through his firm <a href="/wiki/The_Peel_Group" title="The Peel Group">Peel NRE</a>, proposed to spend US$136 million for the construction of warmhouses for cannabis cultivation and research facilities, and to develop the business. It was announced that zoning permits had been granted for development of the facility. Although the availability of medical cannabis is heavily restricted within the UK, there has been an effort to develop the cannabis industry on the Channel Islands of Jersey and Guernsey.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Culture of the Isle of Man">Culture of the Isle of Man</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Manx_people" title="Manx people">Manx</a> are a <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic Nations">Celtic nation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The culture of the Isle of Man is often promoted as being influenced by its <a href="/wiki/Celt" class="mw-redirect" title="Celt">Celtic</a> and, to a lesser extent, its <a href="/wiki/Norsemen" title="Norsemen">Norse</a> origins. Proximity to the UK, popularity as a UK tourist destination in Victorian times and immigration from Britain have all meant that the cultures of Great Britain have been influential at least since <a href="/wiki/Revestment_(Isle_of_Man)" class="mw-redirect" title="Revestment (Isle of Man)">Revestment</a>. Revival campaigns have attempted to preserve the surviving vestiges of Manx culture after a long period of <a href="/wiki/Anglicisation" title="Anglicisation">Anglicisation</a>, and there has been significantly increased interest in the Manx language, history and musical tradition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Languages of the Isle of Man">Languages of the Isle of Man</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="background:#fff6d9"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Person</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Manxie#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:Manxie">Manxie</a>; <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Manxman" class="extiw" title="wikt:Manxman">Manxman</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Manxwoman" class="extiw" title="wikt:Manxwoman">-woman</a> (<i>Manninagh</i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">People</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Manx_people" title="Manx people">Manx</a> (<i>Manninee</i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a> (<i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Manninish" class="extiw" title="wikt:Manninish">Manninish</a>; Gaelg, Gailck;<br />     Ghlare Vanninagh</i>)<br /><a href="/wiki/British_Sign_Language" title="British Sign Language">BSL</a> (<i>Glare Chowree</i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Isle of Man (<i>Mannin, Ellan Vannin</i>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_Isle_of_Man_welcome_sign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Douglas_Isle_of_Man_welcome_sign.jpg/220px-Douglas_Isle_of_Man_welcome_sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Douglas_Isle_of_Man_welcome_sign.jpg/330px-Douglas_Isle_of_Man_welcome_sign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Douglas_Isle_of_Man_welcome_sign.jpg/440px-Douglas_Isle_of_Man_welcome_sign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="574" data-file-height="378" /></a><figcaption>A bilingual sign in the Isle of Man featuring <a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a> and English</figcaption></figure> <p>The official languages of the Isle of Man are <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a>. Manx has traditionally been spoken but has been stated to be "critically endangered".<sup id="cite_ref-ManxUNESCO_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ManxUNESCO-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it now has a growing number of young speakers. It is increasingly evident on the island: for instance, in public notices and its increasing use in the Tynwald ceremony. </p><p>Manx is a <a href="/wiki/Goidelic_languages" title="Goidelic languages">Goidelic</a> Celtic language and is one of a number of <a href="/wiki/Insular_Celtic_languages" title="Insular Celtic languages">insular Celtic languages</a> spoken in the British Isles.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manx has been officially recognised as a legitimate <a href="/wiki/Autochthonous_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Autochthonous language">autochthonous</a> <a href="/wiki/Regional_language" title="Regional language">regional language</a> under the <a href="/wiki/European_Charter_for_Regional_or_Minority_Languages" title="European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages">European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages</a>, ratified by the United Kingdom on 27 March 2001 on behalf of the Isle of Man government.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Manx is closely related to <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> but is orthographically <a href="/wiki/Sui_generis" title="Sui generis">sui generis</a>. </p><p>On the island, the <a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a> greetings <i><span title="Manx-language text"><i lang="gv">moghrey mie</i></span></i> (good morning) and <i><span title="Manx-language text"><i lang="gv">fastyr mie</i></span></i> (good afternoon) can often be heard.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As in Irish and Scottish Gaelic, the concepts of "evening" and "afternoon" are referred to with one word.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two other Manx expressions often heard are <i>Gura mie eu</i> ("Thank you"; familiar 2nd person singular form <i>Gura mie ayd</i>) and <i><span title="Manx-language text"><i lang="gv">traa dy liooar</i></span></i>, meaning "time enough", which represents a stereotypical view of the Manx attitude to life.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2011 Isle of Man census, approximately 1,800 residents stated that they could read, write and speak the Manx language.<sup id="cite_ref-census-2011_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-2011-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Symbols">Symbols</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Legs_of_Man_-_Isle_of_Man_Triskelion_-_kingsley_-_19-APR-09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/The_Legs_of_Man_-_Isle_of_Man_Triskelion_-_kingsley_-_19-APR-09.jpg/220px-The_Legs_of_Man_-_Isle_of_Man_Triskelion_-_kingsley_-_19-APR-09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/The_Legs_of_Man_-_Isle_of_Man_Triskelion_-_kingsley_-_19-APR-09.jpg/330px-The_Legs_of_Man_-_Isle_of_Man_Triskelion_-_kingsley_-_19-APR-09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/The_Legs_of_Man_-_Isle_of_Man_Triskelion_-_kingsley_-_19-APR-09.jpg/440px-The_Legs_of_Man_-_Isle_of_Man_Triskelion_-_kingsley_-_19-APR-09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>A sculpture of the Manx <a href="/wiki/Triskelion" title="Triskelion">triskelion</a> in front of <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Airport" title="Isle of Man Airport">Ronaldsway Airport</a> terminal</figcaption></figure> <p>For centuries, the island's symbol has been the so-called "three legs of Man" (<a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a>: <i lang="gv">Tree Cassyn Vannin</i>), a <a href="/wiki/Triskelion" title="Triskelion">triskelion</a> of three legs conjoined at the thigh. The Manx triskelion, which dates back with certainty to the late 13th century, is of uncertain origin. It has been suggested that its origin lies in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, an island which has been associated with the triskelion since ancient times.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two islands' symbols could be related via the Norman rulers of Sicily: the <a href="/wiki/Hauteville_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Hauteville family">Hauteville family</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The symbol appears in the island's <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Flag of the Isle of Man">official flag</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Coat of arms of the Isle of Man">official coat of arms</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Currency_of_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Currency of the Isle of Man">its currency</a>. The Manx triskelion may be reflected in the island's motto, <i>Quocunque jeceris stabit</i>, which appears as part of the island's coat of arms. The Latin motto translates as "whichever way you throw, it will stand"<sup id="cite_ref-kinvig-9192_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kinvig-9192-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "whithersoever you throw it, it will stand".<sup id="cite_ref-govmotto_160-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-govmotto-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It dates to the late 17th century when it is known to have appeared on the island's coinage.<sup id="cite_ref-kinvig-9192_159-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kinvig-9192-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It may be understood to refer to the <a href="/wiki/Caltrop" title="Caltrop">caltrop</a>, a military device with one spike always pointing upwards. The motto itself originally featured on the family badge of the Byzantine/Roman General Flavius Belisarius (505 – 565 AD) along with a representation of a caltrop.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has also been suggested that the motto originally referred to the poor quality of coinage which was common at the time—as in "however it is tested it will pass".<sup id="cite_ref-manxnotebook-legs_162-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manxnotebook-legs-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ragwort or <i><a href="/wiki/Cushag" class="mw-redirect" title="Cushag">cushag</a></i> has been referred to as the Manx national flower.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Sodor_and_Man" title="Diocese of Sodor and Man">Diocese of Sodor and Man</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peel_Cathedral_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Peel_Cathedral_01.JPG/220px-Peel_Cathedral_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Peel_Cathedral_01.JPG/330px-Peel_Cathedral_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Peel_Cathedral_01.JPG/440px-Peel_Cathedral_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Peel_Cathedral" title="Peel Cathedral">Peel Cathedral</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The predominant religious tradition of the Isle of Man is <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, adhered to by 54.7% of the Manx according to the 2021 census.<sup id="cite_ref-2021Census_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021Census-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, 43.8% of the population had <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">no religion</a>, 0.5% adhered to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, 0.5% to <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, 0.4% to <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, 0.2% to <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> and 0.2% to other religions.<sup id="cite_ref-2021Census_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021Census-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a>, the island had a long history as part of the unified <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>. In the years following the Reformation, the religious authorities on the island, and later the population of the island, accepted the religious authority of the British monarchy, <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Isle of Man also came under the influence of Irish religious tradition. The island forms a separate diocese called <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Sodor_and_Man" title="Diocese of Sodor and Man">Sodor and Man</a>, which in the distant past comprised the medieval kingdom of Man and the Scottish isles ("Suðreyjar" in Old Norse). Nowadays, it consists of sixteen parishes,<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and since 1541<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has been part of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_York" title="Province of York">Province of York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other Christian denominations and other religions also operate on the Isle of Man. The second largest denomination is the <a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_of_Great_Britain" title="Methodist Church of Great Britain">Methodist Church</a>, whose Isle of Man District is close in numbers to the Anglican diocese. Then, there are eight Catholic parish churches, included in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Archdiocese of Liverpool">Catholic Archdiocese of Liverpool</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as a presence of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a> Christians. Additionally, there are five <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a> churches, four <a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a> churches, the <a href="/wiki/Salvation_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvation Army">Salvation Army</a>, a <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the Isle of Man">ward</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the Isle of Man">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>, two congregations of <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>, two <a href="/wiki/United_Reformed" class="mw-redirect" title="United Reformed">United Reformed</a> churches, as well as other Christian churches.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Manx <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> community has a mosque in Douglas, while <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> also have <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="History of the Jews in the Isle of Man">a history</a> on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, the island's first <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> temple was established in <a href="/wiki/Baldrine" title="Baldrine">Baldrine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Myth,_legend_and_folklore"><span id="Myth.2C_legend_and_folklore"></span>Myth, legend and folklore</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Myth, legend and folklore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isle_of_Man_Peel_Castle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Isle_of_Man_Peel_Castle.jpg/220px-Isle_of_Man_Peel_Castle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Isle_of_Man_Peel_Castle.jpg/330px-Isle_of_Man_Peel_Castle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Isle_of_Man_Peel_Castle.jpg/440px-Isle_of_Man_Peel_Castle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Peel_Castle" title="Peel Castle">Peel Castle</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In Manx mythology, the island was ruled by the sea god <a href="/wiki/Manann%C3%A1n_mac_Lir" title="Manannán mac Lir">Manannán</a>, who would draw his misty cloak around the island to protect it from invaders. One of the principal folk theories about the origin of the name <i>Man</i> is that it is named after Manannán. </p><p>In the Manx tradition of <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folklore</a>, there are many stories of mythical creatures and characters. These include the <span title="Manx-language text"><i lang="gv"><a href="/wiki/Buggane" title="Buggane">Buggane</a></i></span>, a <a href="/wiki/Malevolent_spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="Malevolent spirit">malevolent spirit</a> which according to legend, blew the roof off St Trinian's Church in a fit of rage; the <span title="Manx-language text"><i lang="gv"><a href="/wiki/Fenodyree" title="Fenodyree">Fenodyree</a></i></span>; the <span title="Manx-language text"><i lang="gv"><a href="/wiki/Glashtyn" title="Glashtyn">Glashtyn</a></i></span>; and the <span title="Manx-language text"><i lang="gv"><a href="/wiki/Moddey_Dhoo" title="Moddey Dhoo">Moddey Dhoo</a></i></span>, a <a href="/wiki/Black_dog_(folklore)" title="Black dog (folklore)">ghostly black dog</a> which wandered the walls and corridors of <a href="/wiki/Peel_Castle" title="Peel Castle">Peel Castle</a>. </p><p>The Isle of Man is also said to be home to <a href="/wiki/Mooinjer_veggey" title="Mooinjer veggey">fairies</a>, known locally as "the little folk" or "themselves". There is a famous <a href="/wiki/Fairy_Bridge_(Isle_of_Man)" title="Fairy Bridge (Isle of Man)">Fairy Bridge</a>, and it is said to be bad luck if one fails to wish the fairies good morning or afternoon when passing over it. It used to be a tradition to leave a coin on the bridge to ensure good luck. Other types of fairies include the <span title="Manx-language text"><i lang="gv"><a href="/wiki/Arkan_Sonney" class="mw-redirect" title="Arkan Sonney">Arkan Sonney</a></i></span>. </p><p>An old Irish story tells how <a href="/wiki/Lough_Neagh" title="Lough Neagh">Lough Neagh</a> was formed when Ireland's legendary giant <a href="/wiki/Fionn_mac_Cumhaill" title="Fionn mac Cumhaill">Fionn mac Cumhaill</a> (commonly anglicised to Finn McCool) ripped up a portion of the land and tossed it at a Scottish rival. He missed and the chunk of earth landed in the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a>, thus creating the island. </p><p>Peel Castle has been proposed as a possible location of the Arthurian <a href="/wiki/Avalon" title="Avalon">Avalon</a><sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or as the location of the Grail Castle, site of <a href="/wiki/Lancelot" title="Lancelot">Lancelot</a>'s encounter with the sword bridge of King <a href="/wiki/Maleagant" title="Maleagant">Maleagant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the most oft-repeated myths is that people found guilty of witchcraft were rolled down Slieau Whallian, a hill near St John's, in a barrel. However, this is a 19th-century legend derived from a Scottish legend, which in turn comes from a German legend. Separately, a witchcraft museum was opened at the Witches Mill, Castletown in 1951, despite there never being a witches' coven on that site; the myth was only created with the opening of the museum.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, there has been a strong tradition of herbalism and the use of charms to prevent and cure illness and disease in people and animals.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Music of the Isle of Man">Music of the Isle of Man</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bee_Gees_Plaque_-_Union_Mills_IOM_-_kingsley_-_21-APR-09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bee_Gees_Plaque_-_Union_Mills_IOM_-_kingsley_-_21-APR-09.jpg/220px-Bee_Gees_Plaque_-_Union_Mills_IOM_-_kingsley_-_21-APR-09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bee_Gees_Plaque_-_Union_Mills_IOM_-_kingsley_-_21-APR-09.jpg/330px-Bee_Gees_Plaque_-_Union_Mills_IOM_-_kingsley_-_21-APR-09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bee_Gees_Plaque_-_Union_Mills_IOM_-_kingsley_-_21-APR-09.jpg/440px-Bee_Gees_Plaque_-_Union_Mills_IOM_-_kingsley_-_21-APR-09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2176" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bee_Gees" title="Bee Gees">Bee Gees</a> plaque at Maitland Terrace/Strang Road intersection in <a href="/wiki/Union_Mills" title="Union Mills">Union Mills</a>, Isle of Man</figcaption></figure> <p>The music of the Isle of Man reflects <a href="/wiki/Celt" class="mw-redirect" title="Celt">Celtic</a>, Norse and other influences, including from its neighbours, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>. A wide range of music is performed on the island, such as rock, blues, jazz and pop. </p><p>Its traditional folk music has undergone a revival since the 1970s, starting with a music festival called <span title="Manx-language text"><i lang="gv"><a href="/wiki/Yn_Chruinnaght" title="Yn Chruinnaght">Yn Chruinnaght</a></i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Ramsey,_Isle_of_Man" title="Ramsey, Isle of Man">Ramsey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was part of a general revival of the Manx language and culture after the death of the last native speaker of Manx in 1974. </p><p>Orchestral and song composer <a href="/wiki/Haydn_Wood" title="Haydn Wood">Haydn Wood</a> grew up on the Isle of Man, moving there in 1885, aged three years old. The island and its folk tunes inspired Wood's music, resulting in the compositions <i>Manx Rhapsody (Mylecharaine), Manx Countryside Sketches, Manx Overture,</i> and the 1933 tone poem <i><span title="Manx-language text"><i lang="gv">Mannin Veen</i></span></i> (<a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a> for "Dear Isle of Man"), based on four Manx folk tunes and scored for wind band.<sup id="cite_ref-scow_177-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scow-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His older brother Harry Wood (1868–1939) was also a musician: a violinist, composer and conductor who became known as "Manxland's King of Music".<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Isle of Man is mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">Who</a> song "<a href="/wiki/Happy_Jack_(song)" title="Happy Jack (song)">Happy Jack</a>" as the homeland of the song's titular character, who is always in a state of ecstasy, no matter what happens to him. The song "The Craic was 90 in the Isle of Man" by <a href="/wiki/Christy_Moore" title="Christy Moore">Christy Moore</a> describes a lively visit during the Island's tourism heyday. The Island is also the birthplace of Maurice, Robin and Barry Gibb, of the <a href="/wiki/Bee_Gees" title="Bee Gees">Bee Gees</a>; a bronze statue of the trio was unveiled on Douglas promenade in July 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Food">Food</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the past, the basic national dish of the island was <i>spuds and herrin</i>, boiled potatoes and herring.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This plain dish was supported by the subsistence farmers of the island, who for centuries <a href="/wiki/Crofting" title="Crofting">crofted</a> the land and fished the sea. Chips, cheese and gravy, a dish similar to <a href="/wiki/Poutine" title="Poutine">poutine</a>, is found in most of the island's fast-food outlets. It consists of thick-cut <a href="/wiki/French_fried_potatoes" class="mw-redirect" title="French fried potatoes">chips</a>, covered in shredded <a href="/wiki/Cheddar_cheese" title="Cheddar cheese">Cheddar cheese</a> and topped with a thick gravy.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, as of the Isle of Man Food & Drink Festival 2018, <a href="/wiki/Queen_scallop" title="Queen scallop">queen scallops</a> (<i>queenies</i>) have been crowned the Manx national dish<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with many restaurants, hotels and pubs serving local wild queen scallops. </p><p>Seafood has traditionally accounted for a large proportion of the local diet. Although commercial fishing has declined in recent years, local delicacies include Manx <a href="/wiki/Kipper" title="Kipper">kippers</a> (smoked herrings) which are produced by the smokeries in Peel on the west coast of the island, albeit mainly from <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> herring these days.<sup id="cite_ref-Assoc1971_184-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Assoc1971-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The smokeries also produce other specialities including smoked salmon and bacon. </p><p>Crab, lobster and scallops are commercially fished, and the queen scallop is regarded as a particular delicacy, with a light, sweet flavour.<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cod, <a href="/wiki/Common_ling" title="Common ling">ling</a> and mackerel are often angled for the table, and freshwater trout and salmon can be taken from the local rivers and lakes, supported by the government fish hatchery at Cornaa on the east coast. </p><p>Cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry are all commercially farmed; Manx lamb from the hill farms is a popular dish. The <a href="/wiki/Manx_Loaghtan" title="Manx Loaghtan">Loaghtan</a>, the indigenous breed of Manx sheep, has a rich, dark meat that has found favour with chefs,<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> featuring in dishes on the BBC's <i><a href="/wiki/MasterChef_(UK_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="MasterChef (UK TV series)">MasterChef</a></i> series. </p><p>Manx cheese has also found some success, featuring smoked and herb-flavoured varieties, and is stocked by many of the UK's supermarket chains.<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manx cheese took bronze medals in the 2005 British Cheese Awards and sold 578 tonnes over the year. Manx cheddar has been exported to Canada where it is available in some supermarkets.<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beer is brewed on a commercial scale by <a href="/wiki/Okells" class="mw-redirect" title="Okells">Okells Brewery</a>, which was established in 1850 and is the island's largest brewer, and by Bushy's Brewery, Hooded Ram, Odin, Radical Brewing, Noa Brewhouse and Kaneens Brewery. The Isle of Man's Pure Beer Act of 1874, which resembles the <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Reinheitsgebot" title="Reinheitsgebot">Reinheitsgebot</a></i></span>, is still in effect: under this Act, brewers may only use water, malt, sugar and hops in their brews.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Sport in the Isle of Man">Sport in the Isle of Man</a></div> <p>The Isle of Man is represented as a nation in the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Games" title="Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Island_Games" title="Island Games">Island Games</a> and hosted the IV <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Youth_Games" title="Commonwealth Youth Games">Commonwealth Youth Games</a> in 2011. Manx athletes have won <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_at_the_Commonwealth_Games" title="Isle of Man at the Commonwealth Games">three gold medals</a> at the Commonwealth Games, including the one by cyclist <a href="/wiki/Mark_Cavendish" title="Mark Cavendish">Mark Cavendish</a> in 2006 in the <a href="/wiki/Scratch_race" title="Scratch race">Scratch race</a>. The <a href="/wiki/International_Island_Games_Association" title="International Island Games Association">Island Games</a> were first held on the island in 1985 and again in 2001. <a href="/wiki/F.C._Isle_of_Man" title="F.C. Isle of Man">FC Isle of Man</a> was founded in 2019 and is a <a href="/wiki/North_West_Counties_Football_League" title="North West Counties Football League">North West Counties League</a> team. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_National_Sports_Centre_(geograph_3710042).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/The_National_Sports_Centre_%28geograph_3710042%29.jpg/220px-The_National_Sports_Centre_%28geograph_3710042%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/The_National_Sports_Centre_%28geograph_3710042%29.jpg/330px-The_National_Sports_Centre_%28geograph_3710042%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/The_National_Sports_Centre_%28geograph_3710042%29.jpg/440px-The_National_Sports_Centre_%28geograph_3710042%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The National Sports Centre, Douglas, Isle of Man</figcaption></figure> <p>Isle of Man teams and individuals participate in many sports both on and off the island including <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics" title="Gymnastics">gymnastics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">field hockey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netball" title="Netball">netball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">taekwondo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bowling" title="Bowling">bowling</a>, obstacle course racing and <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a>. The FC Isle of Man will compete in the <a href="/wiki/North_West_Counties_Football_League" title="North West Counties Football League">North West Counties Football League</a> Premier Division in the next league campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It being an island, many types of watersports are also popular with residents. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Motorcycle_racing">Motorcycle racing</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Motorcycle racing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT" title="Isle of Man TT">Isle of Man TT</a></div> <p>The main international event associated with the island is the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT" title="Isle of Man TT">Isle of Man Tourist Trophy</a> race, colloquially known as "The TT",<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which began in <a href="/wiki/1907_Isle_of_Man_TT" title="1907 Isle of Man TT">1907</a>. It takes place in late May and early June. The TT is now an international <a href="/wiki/Road_racing" title="Road racing">road racing</a> event for motorcycles, which used to be part of the World Championship, and is long considered to be one of the "greatest motorcycle sporting events of the world".<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taking place over a two-week period, it has become a festival for motorcycling culture, makes a huge contribution to the island's economy and has become part of Manx identity.<sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For many, the Isle carries the title "road racing capital of the world".<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Manx_Grand_Prix" title="Manx Grand Prix">Manx Grand Prix</a> is a separate motorcycle event for amateurs and private entrants that uses the same 60.70 km (37.72 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Snaefell_Mountain_Course" class="mw-redirect" title="Snaefell Mountain Course">Snaefell Mountain Course</a> in late August and early September. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cammag">Cammag</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Cammag"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cammag" title="Cammag">Cammag</a></div> <p>Prior to the introduction of football in the 19th century, <a href="/wiki/Cammag" title="Cammag">cammag</a> was the island's traditional sport.<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is similar to the Irish <a href="/wiki/Hurling" title="Hurling">hurling</a> and the Scottish game of <a href="/wiki/Shinty" title="Shinty">shinty</a>. Nowadays there is an annual match at <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s,_Isle_of_Man" title="St John's, Isle of Man">St John's</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatre_and_cinema">Theatre and cinema</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Theatre and cinema"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Built in 1899, to the designs of architect <a href="/wiki/Frank_Matcham" title="Frank Matcham">Frank Matcham</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and restored in 1976 to its original splendor, the government-owned <a href="/wiki/Gaiety_Theatre,_Isle_of_Man" title="Gaiety Theatre, Isle of Man">Gaiety Theatre and Opera House</a><sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the Douglas Promenade presents plays, musicals, concerts and comedy shows year-round. Within the Gaiety Theatre Complex, the Broadway Cinema has a capacity of 154 and doubles as a conference venue.<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Palace Cinema is located next to the derelict <a href="/wiki/Castle_Mona" title="Castle Mona">Castle Mona</a> hotel and is operated by the Sefton Group. It has two screens: Screen One holds 293 customers, while Screen Two is smaller with a capacity of just 95. It was extensively refurbished in August 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fauna">Fauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Manx_cat" title="Manx cat">Manx cat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manx_Loaghtan" title="Manx Loaghtan">Manx Loaghtan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biota_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Biota of the Isle of Man">Biota of the Isle of Man</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Extinct_animals_from_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinct animals from the Isle of Man">Extinct animals from the Isle of Man</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Manx_cat.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Black_Manx_cat.JPG/220px-Black_Manx_cat.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Black_Manx_cat.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="278" /></a><figcaption>Manx cat</figcaption></figure> <p>Two domestic animals are specifically connected to the Isle of Man, though they are also found elsewhere. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Manx_cat" title="Manx cat">Manx cat</a> is a breed of cat noted for its genetic mutation resulting in a shortened tail. The length of this tail can range from a few inches<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, known as a "stumpy", to being completely nonexistent, or "rumpy". Manx cats display a range of colours and usually have somewhat longer hind legs compared to most cats. The cats have been used as a symbol of the Isle of Man on coins and stamps; and at one time the Manx government operated a breeding centre to ensure the continuation of the breed.<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manx_loaghtan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Manx_loaghtan.jpg/220px-Manx_loaghtan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Manx_loaghtan.jpg/330px-Manx_loaghtan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Manx_loaghtan.jpg/440px-Manx_loaghtan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Manx_Loaghtan" title="Manx Loaghtan">Manx Loaghtan</a> sheep are bred on the island for their meat.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Manx_Loaghtan" title="Manx Loaghtan">Manx Loaghtan</a> sheep is a breed native to the island. It has dark brown wool and four, or sometimes six, horns. The meat is considered to be a delicacy.<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are several flocks on the island and others have been started in England and <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a>. </p><p>A more recent arrival on the island is the <a href="/wiki/Red-necked_wallaby" title="Red-necked wallaby">red-necked wallaby</a>, which is now established on the island following an escape from the Wildlife Park.<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The local police report an increasing number of wallaby-related calls.<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are also many feral goats in <a href="/wiki/Garff" title="Garff">Garff</a>, a matter which was raised in Tynwald Court in January 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2016, the Isle of Man became the first entire territory to be adopted into UNESCO's Network of <a href="/wiki/Biosphere_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Biosphere Reserve">Biosphere Reserves</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Demographics of the Isle of Man">Demographics of the Isle of Man</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Manx_people" title="Manx people">Manx people</a></div> <p>At the 2021 census,<sup id="cite_ref-2021Census_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021Census-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Isle of Man was home to 84,069 people, of whom 26,677 resided in the island's <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a>. The population increased by 755 people between the 2016 and 2021 censuses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Census">Census</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Isle of Man Full Census, last held in 2021,<sup id="cite_ref-2021Census_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021Census-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has been a decennial occurrence since 1821, with interim censuses being introduced from 1966. It is separate from, but similar to, the <a href="/wiki/Census_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Census in the United Kingdom">Census in the United Kingdom</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Age_structure">Age structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Age structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>0–14 years: 16.27% (male 7,587, female 6,960)</dd> <dd>15–24 years: 11.3% (male 5,354, female 4,750)</dd> <dd>25–54 years: 38.48% (male 17,191, female 17,217)</dd> <dd>55–64 years: 13.34% (male 6,012, female 5,919)</dd> <dd>65 years and over: 20.6% (male 8,661, female 9,756) (2018 est.)<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_210-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population_density">Population density</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Population density"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>131 people/km<sup>2</sup> (339 people/sq mi) (2005 est.)</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sex_ratio">Sex ratio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Sex ratio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Sex ratios<br />(males per female) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Age range</th> <th>Ratio </th></tr> <tr> <td>At birth</td> <td>1.08 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0–14</td> <td>1.09 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15–24</td> <td>1.13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>25–54</td> <td>1.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>55–64</td> <td>1.02 </td></tr> <tr> <td>65+</td> <td>0.89 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total population</th> <th>1 (2020 est.)<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_210-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infant_mortality_rate">Infant mortality rate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Infant mortality rate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>Total: 4 deaths/1,000 live births</dd> <dd>Male: 4 deaths/1,000 live births</dd> <dd>Female: 4 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)</dd> <dd>Country comparison to the world: 191<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_210-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Life_expectancy_at_birth">Life expectancy at birth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Life expectancy at birth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>Total population: 81.4 years</dd> <dd>Male: 79.6 years</dd> <dd>Female: 83.3 years (2018 est.)</dd> <dd>Country comparison to the world: 29</dd> <dd><i>Total <a href="/wiki/Fertility_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertility rate">fertility rate</a></i>: 1.92 children born/woman (2018 est.)<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_210-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nationality">Nationality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Nationality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>noun:</i> Manxman (men), Manxwoman (women)</dd> <dd><i>adjective:</i> Manx</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Ethnicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>White: 94.7%</dd> <dd>Asian: 3.1%</dd> <dd>Black: 0.6%</dd> <dd>Other: 0.6%</dd> <dd>Mixed: 1.0%<sup id="cite_ref-2021Census_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021Census-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion_2">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>Christianity: 54.7%</dd> <dd>No religion: 43.8%</dd> <dd>Buddhism: 0.5%</dd> <dd>Islam: 0.5%</dd> <dd>Hinduism: 0.4%</dd> <dd>Judaism: 0.2%<sup id="cite_ref-2021Census_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021Census-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Country_of_birth">Country of birth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Country of birth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>Isle of Man: 49.6%</dd> <dd>United Kingdom: 38.3%</dd> <dd>Another country: 12.1%<sup id="cite_ref-2021Census_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021Census-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/42px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/56px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="History of the Isle of Man">History of the Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Outline of the Isle of Man">Outline of the Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of people from the Isle of Man">List of people from the Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of places in the Isle of Man">List of places in the Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93Crown_Dependencies_Customs_Union" title="United Kingdom–Crown Dependencies Customs Union">United Kingdom–Crown Dependencies Customs Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Public holidays in the Isle of Man">Public holidays in the Isle of Man</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a href="/wiki/O_Land_of_Our_Birth" class="mw-redirect" title="O Land of Our Birth">O Land of Our Birth</a>", was unofficially in use since 1907 and became the national anthem in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">God Save the King</a>" remained the <a href="/wiki/Royal_anthem" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal anthem">royal anthem</a> and is used as ceremonial music in the presence of the British Crown.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 1893, New Zealand became the first country to grant <i>all</i> women the vote.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/863381/crown-dependencies-factsheet-february-2020.pdf"><i>Fact sheet on the UK's relationship with the Crown Dependencies</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, UK Ministry of Justice, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211220043113/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/863381/crown-dependencies-factsheet-february-2020.pdf">archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 20 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2023</span>, <q>The Crown Dependencies are not recognised internationally as sovereign States in their own right but as 'territories for which the United Kingdom is responsible'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fact+sheet+on+the+UK%27s+relationship+with+the+Crown+Dependencies&rft.pub=UK+Ministry+of+Justice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F863381%2Fcrown-dependencies-factsheet-february-2020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.im/media/622895/iominternationalidentityframework.pdf"><i>Framework for developing the international identity of the Isle of Man</i></a> <span 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The Isle of Man has an international identity which is different from that of the UK.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Framework+for+developing+the+international+identity+of+the+Isle+of+Man&rft.pub=Isle+of+Man+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.im%2Fmedia%2F622895%2Fiominternationalidentityframework.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/national-anthem">"National anthem – The World Factbook"</a>. <i>CIA.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210319002941/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/national-anthem">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA.gov&rft.atitle=National+anthem+%E2%80%93+The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffield%2Fnational-anthem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/jan/27/britishidentity.paulmacinnes">"New Manx anthem shifts loyalty to land of their birth"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. 27 January 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210411000200/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/jan/27/britishidentity.paulmacinnes">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=New+Manx+anthem+shifts+loyalty+to+land+of+their+birth&rft.date=2003-01-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk%2F2003%2Fjan%2F27%2Fbritishidentity.paulmacinnes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2021Census-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2021Census_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021Census_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021Census_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021Census_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021Census_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021Census_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021Census_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021Census_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021Census_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021Census_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Official census statistics provided by Statistics Isle of Man, <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Government" title="Isle of Man Government">Isle of Man Government</a>: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.im/media/1375604/2021-01-27-census-report-part-i-final-2.pdf">"2021 Isle of Man Census Report Part I"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>gov.im</i>. Isle of Man government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220820070847/https://www.gov.im/media/1375604/2021-01-27-census-report-part-i-final-2.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 20 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.im&rft.atitle=2021+Isle+of+Man+Census+Report+Part+I&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.im%2Fmedia%2F1375604%2F2021-01-27-census-report-part-i-final-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.im/media/1376421/2021-isle-of-man-census-report-part-ii_11052022.pdf">"2021 Isle of Man Census Report Part II"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>gov.im</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.im&rft.atitle=Alfred+Cannan+appointed+as+Isle+of+Man%27s+Chief+Minister&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.im%2Fnews%2F2021%2Foct%2F12%2Falfred-cannan-appointed-as-isle-of-mans-chief-minister%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cdd74e2g6leo">"Lord Frederick Ponsonby appointed Crown dependencies minister"</a>. 8 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lord+Frederick+Ponsonby+appointed+Crown+dependencies+minister&rft.date=2024-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fcdd74e2g6leo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/country/IM">"Isle of Man | Data"</a>. <i>data.worldbank.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210809072052/https://data.worldbank.org/country/IM">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Scottish-places.info. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220224122424/https://www.scottish-places.info/events/eventfirst171.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Treaty+of+Perth%3A+Overview+of+Treaty+of+Perth&rft.pub=Scottish-places.info&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scottish-places.info%2Fevents%2Feventfirst171.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tynwald.org.im/education/women/Pages/VotesForWomen.aspx">"Tynwald, the parliament of the Isle of Man: Adult suffrage"</a>. <i>Tynwald.org.im</i>. 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210426153758/https://www.tynwald.org.im/education/women/Pages/VotesForWomen.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tynwald.org.im&rft.atitle=Tynwald%2C+the+parliament+of+the+Isle+of+Man%3A+Adult+suffrage&rft.date=2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tynwald.org.im%2Feducation%2Fwomen%2FPages%2FVotesForWomen.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthew_Collin2021" class="citation web cs1">Matthew Collin (5 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/blog/future-development/2021/05/05/the-hacker-the-tax-haven-and-what-200-million-in-offshore-deposits-can-tell-us-about-the-fight-against-illicit-wealth/">"The hacker, the tax haven, and what $200 million in offshore deposits can tell us about the fight against illicit wealth"</a>. Brookings.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220611080232/https://www.brookings.edu/blog/future-development/2021/05/05/the-hacker-the-tax-haven-and-what-200-million-in-offshore-deposits-can-tell-us-about-the-fight-against-illicit-wealth/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+hacker%2C+the+tax+haven%2C+and+what+%24200+million+in+offshore+deposits+can+tell+us+about+the+fight+against+illicit+wealth&rft.pub=Brookings.edu&rft.date=2021-05-05&rft.au=Matthew+Collin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2Fblog%2Ffuture-development%2F2021%2F05%2F05%2Fthe-hacker-the-tax-haven-and-what-200-million-in-offshore-deposits-can-tell-us-about-the-fight-against-illicit-wealth%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britain-visitor.com/uk-city-guides/isle-of-man-guide">"Isle of Man Guide | Britain Visitor – Travel Guide To Britain"</a>. Britain Visitor. 19 January 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220610062007/https://www.britain-visitor.com/uk-city-guides/isle-of-man-guide">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Isle+of+Man+Guide+%26%23124%3B+Britain+Visitor+%E2%80%93+Travel+Guide+To+Britain&rft.pub=Britain+Visitor&rft.date=2021-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britain-visitor.com%2Fuk-city-guides%2Fisle-of-man-guide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarside2017" class="citation web cs1">Garside, Juliette (7 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2017/nov/07/uk-isle-of-man-subsidy-tax-haven-common-purse-payments">"UK is subsidising Isle of Man to be tax haven, say campaigners | Isle of Man"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220615023343/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2017/nov/07/uk-isle-of-man-subsidy-tax-haven-common-purse-payments">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=UK+is+subsidising+Isle+of+Man+to+be+tax+haven%2C+say+campaigners+%26%23124%3B+Isle+of+Man&rft.date=2017-11-07&rft.aulast=Garside&rft.aufirst=Juliette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2017%2Fnov%2F07%2Fuk-isle-of-man-subsidy-tax-haven-common-purse-payments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.im/media/1359185/national-income-2015-16-report-final.pdf">"Isle of Man: National Income Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>gov.im</i>. Isle of Man government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171204062715/https://www.gov.im/media/1359185/national-income-2015-16-report-final.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.im&rft.atitle=Isle+of+Man%3A+National+Income+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.im%2Fmedia%2F1359185%2Fnational-income-2015-16-report-final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/business/isle-of-man-needs-to-take-more-measures-to-prevent-money-laundering-580032">"Isle of Man needs to take more measures to prevent money laundering"</a>. <i>Isle of Man</i>. 28 November 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230601124935/https://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/business/isle-of-man-needs-to-take-more-measures-to-prevent-money-laundering-580032">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Isle+of+Man&rft.atitle=Isle+of+Man+needs+to+take+more+measures+to+prevent+money+laundering&rft.date=2022-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iomtoday.co.im%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fisle-of-man-needs-to-take-more-measures-to-prevent-money-laundering-580032&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2017" class="citation news cs1">Williams, David (3 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/united-kingdom/england/isle-of-man/articles/great-british-drivesisleofman/">"Great British drives: Isle of Man"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124520/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/united-kingdom/england/isle-of-man/articles/great-british-drivesisleofman/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2019</span>. <q>The Isle of Man is best known, of course, for its famous race, the annual Tourist Trophy, or 'TT'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Great+British+drives%3A+Isle+of+Man&rft.date=2017-10-03&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ftravel%2Fdestinations%2Feurope%2Funited-kingdom%2Fengland%2Fisle-of-man%2Farticles%2Fgreat-british-drivesisleofman%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLong1998" class="citation book cs1">Long, Peter (1998). "Isle of Man". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4ePshlzYVkAC"><i>The Hidden Places of England</i></a>. Hidden Places - National Guides (4 ed.). Aldermaston: Travel Publishing Ltd (published 2004). p. 281. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781904434122" title="Special:BookSources/9781904434122"><bdi>9781904434122</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803160644/https://books.google.com/books?id=4ePshlzYVkAC">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2020</span>. <q>Best known for its motorcycle races, its tailless cats and its kippers [...].</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Isle+of+Man&rft.btitle=The+Hidden+Places+of+England&rft.place=Aldermaston&rft.series=Hidden+Places+-+National+Guides&rft.pages=281&rft.edition=4&rft.pub=Travel+Publishing+Ltd&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9781904434122&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4ePshlzYVkAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/europe-north-america/united-kingdom-of-great-britain-and-northern-ireland/isle-of-man/">"UNESCO: Isle of Man biosphere reserve"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171203224424/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/europe-north-america/united-kingdom-of-great-britain-and-northern-ireland/isle-of-man/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNESCO%3A+Isle+of+Man+biosphere+reserve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fnew%2Fen%2Fnatural-sciences%2Fenvironment%2Fecological-sciences%2Fbiosphere-reserves%2Feurope-north-america%2Funited-kingdom-of-great-britain-and-northern-ireland%2Fisle-of-man%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKinvig1975" class="citation book cs1">Kinvig, R. H. (1975). <i>The Isle of Man: A Social, Cultural and Political History</i> (3rd ed.). Liverpool University Press. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85323-391-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-85323-391-8"><bdi>0-85323-391-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Isle+of+Man%3A+A+Social%2C+Cultural+and+Political+History&rft.pages=18&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Liverpool+University+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-85323-391-8&rft.aulast=Kinvig&rft.aufirst=R.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Koch2006-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Koch2006_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Koch2006_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoch2006" class="citation book cs1">Koch, John T. (2006). <i>Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia</i>. ABC-CLIO. p. 676. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-440-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-440-0"><bdi>978-1-85109-440-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celtic+Culture%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=676&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-440-0&rft.aulast=Koch&rft.aufirst=John+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRivetSmith1979" class="citation book cs1">Rivet, A. L. F.; Smith, Colin (1979). <i>The Place Names of Roman Britain</i>. Batsford. pp. 410–411.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Place+Names+of+Roman+Britain&rft.pages=410-411&rft.pub=Batsford&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Rivet&rft.aufirst=A.+L.+F.&rft.au=Smith%2C+Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoore1903">Moore 1903</a>:84 <a href="#CITEREFSacheverell1859">Sacheverell 1859</a>:119–120 <a href="#CITEREFWaldron1726">Waldron 1726</a>:1 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKinvig1975" class="citation book cs1">Kinvig, R. H. (1975). <i>The Isle of Man. A Social, Cultural and Political History</i> (3rd ed.). Liverpool University Press. pp. 18–19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85323-391-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-85323-391-8"><bdi>0-85323-391-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Isle+of+Man.+A+Social%2C+Cultural+and+Political+History.&rft.pages=18-19&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Liverpool+University+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-85323-391-8&rft.aulast=Kinvig&rft.aufirst=R.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Indogermanisches_Etymologisches_W%C3%B6rterbuch" class="mw-redirect" title="Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch">Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch</a></i>: Record number 1277 (Root / lemma: men-1)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoch2006" class="citation book cs1">Koch, John T. (2006). <i>Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia</i>. ABC-CLIO. p. 679. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-440-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-440-0"><bdi>978-1-85109-440-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celtic+Culture%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=679&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-440-0&rft.aulast=Koch&rft.aufirst=John+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKneale2006" class="citation book cs1">Kneale, Victor (2006). "Ellan Vannin (Isle of Man). Britonia". In Koch, John T. (ed.). <i>Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia</i>. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 676.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ellan+Vannin+%28Isle+of+Man%29.+Britonia&rft.btitle=Celtic+Culture%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Santa+Barbara&rft.pages=676&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Kneale&rft.aufirst=Victor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span> The Old Irish name <i><span title="Old Irish (to 900)-language text"><i lang="sga">Manandán</i></span></i> is often interpreted as 'He of [the isle of] Man'. If the name of Man reflects the generic word for 'mountain', it is impossible to distinguish this from a generic 'he of the mountain'; but the patronymic <i><span title="Old Irish (to 900)-language text"><i lang="sga">mac Lir</i></span></i>, interpreted as 'son of the Sea', is taken to reinforce the association with the island. See, e.g.: Wagner, Heinrich. "Origins of Pagan Irish Religion". <i>Zeitschrift für Celtische Philologie</i>. v. 38. 1–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cited after <i>Catholic World</i> 37 (1883) p. 261.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ih4YAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA83"><i>The Dublin Review</i></a>. Vol. 57. W. Spooner. 1865. p. 83. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803112643/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ih4YAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA83">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dublin+Review&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=W.+Spooner&rft.date=1865&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIh4YAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA83&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brad8-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brad8_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradley2007" class="citation book cs1">Bradley, Richard (2007). <i>The prehistory of Britain and Ireland</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-84811-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-84811-4"><bdi>978-0-521-84811-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+prehistory+of+Britain+and+Ireland&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-521-84811-4&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120316143121/http://www.gov.im/mnh/collections/archaeology/mesolithic/">"Hunter Gatherers – Mesolithic Period (Middle Stone Age) – 8000 BC to 4000 BC"</a>. <i>gov.im</i>. Isle of Man government. 16 March 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.im/mnh/collections/archaeology/mesolithic/">the original</a> on 16 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.im&rft.atitle=Hunter+Gatherers+%E2%80%93+Mesolithic+Period+%28Middle+Stone+Age%29+%E2%80%93+8000+BC+to+4000+BC&rft.date=2012-03-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.im%2Fmnh%2Fcollections%2Farchaeology%2Fmesolithic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121108050257/http://www.gov.im/mnh/collections/archaeology/neolithic/">"First Farmers"</a>. <i>gov.im</i>. Isle of Man government. 8 November 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.im/mnh/collections/archaeology/neolithic/">the original</a> on 8 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.im&rft.atitle=First+Farmers&rft.date=2012-11-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.im%2Fmnh%2Fcollections%2Farchaeology%2Fneolithic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.im/mnh/collections/archaeology/bronzeage/">"Home – Manx National Heritage"</a>. <i>gov.im</i>. Isle of Man government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040630020453/http://www.gov.im/mnh/collections/archaeology/bronzeage/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.im&rft.atitle=Home+%E2%80%93+Manx+National+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.im%2Fmnh%2Fcollections%2Farchaeology%2Fbronzeage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEsmonde_ClearyWarnerTalbertGillies" class="citation web cs1">Esmonde Cleary, A.; Warner, R.; Talbert, R.; Gillies, S.; Elliott, T.; Becker, J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/89242">"Manavia Insula"</a>. <i>Pleides</i>. Pleiades. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181106232831/https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/89242">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pleides&rft.atitle=Manavia+Insula&rft.aulast=Esmonde+Cleary&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Warner%2C+R.&rft.au=Talbert%2C+R.&rft.au=Gillies%2C+S.&rft.au=Elliott%2C+T.&rft.au=Becker%2C+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpleiades.stoa.org%2Fplaces%2F89242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConservation" class="citation web cs1">Conservation, Institute of Historic Building. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/10,000_years_of_settlement_on_the_Isle_of_Man">"10,000 years of settlement on the Isle of Man"</a>. <i>designingbuildings.co.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220611080233/https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/10,000_years_of_settlement_on_the_Isle_of_Man">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=designingbuildings.co.uk&rft.atitle=10%2C000+years+of+settlement+on+the+Isle+of+Man&rft.aulast=Conservation&rft.aufirst=Institute+of+Historic+Building&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.designingbuildings.co.uk%2Fwiki%2F10%2C000_years_of_settlement_on_the_Isle_of_Man&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120316143141/http://www.gov.im/mnh/collections/archaeology/ironage/">"Celtic Farmers"</a>. <i>gov.im</i>. Isle of Man government. 16 March 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.im/mnh/collections/archaeology/ironage/">the original</a> on 16 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.im&rft.atitle=Celtic+Farmers&rft.date=2012-03-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.im%2Fmnh%2Fcollections%2Farchaeology%2Fironage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore1890" class="citation book cs1">Moore, A.W. (1890). <i>The Surnames & Place-Names of the Isle of Man</i>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/Elliot_Stock" title="Elliot Stock">Elliot Stock</a>. p. 303.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Surnames+%26+Place-Names+of+the+Isle+of+Man&rft.place=London&rft.pages=303&rft.pub=Elliot+Stock&rft.date=1890&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=A.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_George_Cumming" class="citation book cs1">Joseph George Cumming. <i>The Story Of Rushen Castle And Rushen Abbey, In The Isle Of Man</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1165077590" title="Special:BookSources/1165077590"><bdi>1165077590</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+Of+Rushen+Castle+And+Rushen+Abbey%2C+In+The+Isle+Of+Man&rft.isbn=1165077590&rft.au=Joseph+George+Cumming&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarron1997" class="citation book cs1">Barron, Evan MacLeod (1997). <i>The Scottish War of Independence</i>. Barnes & Noble. p. 411.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Scottish+War+of+Independence&rft.pages=411&rft.pub=Barnes+%26+Noble&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Barron&rft.aufirst=Evan+MacLeod&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/history/revest.htm">"History Pages Isle of Man -Act of Revestment"</a>. <i>www.isle-of-man.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100903110725/http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/history/revest.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.isle-of-man.com&rft.atitle=History+Pages+Isle+of+Man+-Act+of+Revestment&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isle-of-man.com%2Fmanxnotebook%2Fhistory%2Frevest.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gov.im-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gov.im_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gov.im_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120526201738/http://www.gov.im/isleofman/geography.xml">"Geography – Isle of Man Public Services"</a>. <i>gov.im</i>. Isle of Man government. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.im/isleofman/geography.xml">the original</a> on 26 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.im&rft.atitle=Geography+%E2%80%93+Isle+of+Man+Public+Services&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.im%2Fisleofman%2Fgeography.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArcher2010" class="citation book cs1">Archer, Mike (2010). <i>Bird Observatories of Britain and Ireland</i> (2nd ed.). A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4081-1040-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4081-1040-9"><bdi>978-1-4081-1040-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bird+Observatories+of+Britain+and+Ireland&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4081-1040-9&rft.aulast=Archer&rft.aufirst=Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iomguide.com/mountainrailway.php">"Snaefell Mountain Railway"</a>. <i>Isle of Man Guide</i>. Maxima Systems. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509190319/http://www.iomguide.com/mountainrailway.php">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2008</span>. <q>From the top on a clear day it is said one can see the six kingdoms. The kingdom of Scotland, England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Man and Heaven.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Isle+of+Man+Guide&rft.atitle=Snaefell+Mountain+Railway&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iomguide.com%2Fmountainrailway.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080505014518/http://www.gov.im/tourism/culture/attractions/snaefell_attract.xml">"Snaefell Mountain Railway"</a>. <i>gov.im</i>. Isle of Man Government. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.im/tourism/culture/attractions/snaefell_attract.xml">the original</a> on 5 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.im&rft.atitle=Snaefell+Mountain+Railway&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.im%2Ftourism%2Fculture%2Fattractions%2Fsnaefell_attract.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/tourism/pcards/snaefell.htm">"Snaefell Summit"</a>. <i>Isle-of-Man.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080514221156/http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/tourism/pcards/snaefell.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2008</span>. <q>It is the answer to the often posed question as to where can one see seven kingdoms at the same time? The seven Kingdoms being the four mentioned by Earl James, the Kingdom of Man, of Earth (in some answers that of Neptune) and of Heaven.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Isle-of-Man.com&rft.atitle=Snaefell+Summit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isle-of-man.com%2Fmanxnotebook%2Ftourism%2Fpcards%2Fsnaefell.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RonaldswayMetOffice-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RonaldswayMetOffice_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RonaldswayMetOffice_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/gcsewtg52">"Ronaldsway (Isle of Man) UK climate averages"</a>. <a href="/wiki/UK_Met_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Met Office">UK Met Office</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211219043222/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/gcsewtg52">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ronaldsway+%28Isle+of+Man%29+UK+climate+averages&rft.pub=UK+Met+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metoffice.gov.uk%2Fresearch%2Fclimate%2Fmaps-and-data%2Fuk-climate-averages%2Fgcsewtg52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iomtoday.co.im/article.cfm?id=48378&headline=This%20is%20a%20climate%20change%20emergency§ionIs=NEWS&searchyear=2019">"This is a climate change emergency"</a>. <i>In the Manx Independent this week</i>. 10 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210916232136/http://www.iomtoday.co.im/article.cfm?id=48378&headline=This%20is%20a%20climate%20change%20emergency%C2%A7ionIs=NEWS&searchyear=2019">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=In+the+Manx+Independent+this+week&rft.atitle=This+is+a+climate+change+emergency&rft.date=2019-05-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iomtoday.co.im%2Farticle.cfm%3Fid%3D48378%26headline%3DThis%2520is%2520a%2520climate%2520change%2520emergency%C2%A7ionIs%3DNEWS%26searchyear%3D2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Metoffice-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Metoffice_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/gcsewtg52">"Ronaldsway 1991–2020 averages"</a>. Met Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211219034711/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/gcsewtg52">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ronaldsway+1991%E2%80%932020+averages&rft.pub=Met+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metoffice.gov.uk%2Fresearch%2Fclimate%2Fmaps-and-data%2Fuk-climate-averages%2Fgcsewtg52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=506">"Météo climat stats Isle of Man records"</a>. Météo Climat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224012337/http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=506">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M%C3%A9t%C3%A9o+climat+stats+Isle+of+Man+records&rft.pub=M%C3%A9t%C3%A9o+Climat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmeteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dstati%26id%3D506&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/annee/1991/isle-of-man-ronaldsway-airport/valeurs/03204.html">"Climatologie de l'année à Isle of Man/Ronaldsway Airport"</a> (in French). Infoclimat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231003225230/https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/annee/1991/isle-of-man-ronaldsway-airport/valeurs/03204.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climatologie+de+l%27ann%C3%A9e+%C3%A0+Isle+of+Man%2FRonaldsway+Airport&rft.pub=Infoclimat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoclimat.fr%2Fclimatologie%2Fannee%2F1991%2Fisle-of-man-ronaldsway-airport%2Fvaleurs%2F03204.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081014033149/http://www.isleofmanfinance.gov.im/About/political.xml">"Political"</a>. <i>isleofmanfinance.gov.im</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isleofmanfinance.gov.im/About/political.xml">the original</a> on 14 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=isleofmanfinance.gov.im&rft.atitle=Political&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isleofmanfinance.gov.im%2FAbout%2Fpolitical.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/takingliberties/staritems/322chronicleofmann.html">"Taking Liberties – Star Items – Chronicle of Mann"</a>. <i>BL.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924035553/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/takingliberties/staritems/322chronicleofmann.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BL.uk&rft.atitle=Taking+Liberties+%E2%80%93+Star+Items+%E2%80%93+Chronicle+of+Mann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fonlinegallery%2Ftakingliberties%2Fstaritems%2F322chronicleofmann.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-framework-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-framework_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.im/lib/docs/cso/iominternationalidentityframework.pdf">"Framework for developing the international identity of the Isle of Man"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>gov.im</i>. Government of the Isle of Man. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130420193544/http://www.gov.im/lib/docs/cso/iominternationalidentityframework.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 20 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.im&rft.atitle=Framework+for+developing+the+international+identity+of+the+Isle+of+Man&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.im%2Flib%2Fdocs%2Fcso%2Fiominternationalidentityframework.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029012347/https://www.irishtimes.com/country-cookie/">"One small step for Man"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Times">Irish Times</a></i>. 22 August 1997. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/one-small-step-for-man-1.99095">the original</a> on 29 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Times&rft.atitle=One+small+step+for+Man&rft.date=1997-08-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fculture%2Fone-small-step-for-man-1.99095&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1">Royal Commission on the Constitution 1969–1973, Volume I, Report (Cmnd 5460) (Report). London. 1973.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Royal+Commission+on+the+Constitution+1969%E2%80%931973%2C+Volume+I%2C+Report+%28Cmnd+5460%29&rft.place=London&rft.date=1973&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/operations-and-support/surface-fleet/mine-countermeasure/sandown-class/hms-ramsey/">"HMS Ramsey"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>. 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100830150949/http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/operations-and-support/surface-fleet/mine-countermeasure/sandown-class/hms-ramsey/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HMS+Ramsey&rft.pub=Royal+Navy&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalnavy.mod.uk%2Foperations-and-support%2Fsurface-fleet%2Fmine-countermeasure%2Fsandown-class%2Fhms-ramsey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iomguide.com/douglas/regimental-museum.php">"Regimental Museum – History"</a>. <i>Isle of Man Guide</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111103083203/http://www.iomguide.com/douglas/regimental-museum.php">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Isle+of+Man+Guide&rft.atitle=Regimental+Museum+%E2%80%93+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iomguide.com%2Fdouglas%2Fregimental-museum.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleon-series.org/military/organization/fencibles/c_fencibles2.html">"The Forgotten Army: Fencible Regiments of Great Britain 1793–1816"</a>. <i>The Napoleon Series</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120905025848/http://www.napoleon-series.org/military/organization/fencibles/c_fencibles2.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Napoleon+Series&rft.atitle=The+Forgotten+Army%3A+Fencible+Regiments+of+Great+Britain+1793%E2%80%931816&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.napoleon-series.org%2Fmilitary%2Forganization%2Ffencibles%2Fc_fencibles2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span> for more detail.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScobie1914" class="citation book cs1">Scobie, Ian Hamilton Mackay (1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/oldhighlandfenci00scobuoft#page/415/mode/1up"><i>An Old Highland Fencible Corps: The history of the Reay Fencible Highland Regiment of Foot, or Mackay's Highlanders, 1794–1802, with an account of its services in Ireland during the rebellion of 1798</i></a>. Edinburgh: Blackwood. p. 363.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Old+Highland+Fencible+Corps%3A+The+history+of+the+Reay+Fencible+Highland+Regiment+of+Foot%2C+or+Mackay%27s+Highlanders%2C+1794%E2%80%931802%2C+with+an+account+of+its+services+in+Ireland+during+the+rebellion+of+1798&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=363&rft.pub=Blackwood&rft.date=1914&rft.aulast=Scobie&rft.aufirst=Ian+Hamilton+Mackay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Foldhighlandfenci00scobuoft%23page%2F415%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/history/military/regts.htm">"Regiments stationed on Isle of Man, 1765–1896"</a>. <i>Isle-of-man.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304191403/http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/history/military/regts.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Isle-of-man.com&rft.atitle=Regiments+stationed+on+Isle+of+Man%2C+1765%E2%80%931896&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isle-of-man.com%2Fmanxnotebook%2Fhistory%2Fmilitary%2Fregts.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iomhomeguard.com/default.html">"Isle of Man Home Guard Reenactment Society"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201128021410/http://iomhomeguard.com/default.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Isle+of+Man+Home+Guard+Reenactment+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiomhomeguard.com%2Fdefault.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Isle_of_Man_Army_Reserve-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Isle_of_Man_Army_Reserve_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-34401508">"British Army opens first reserve unit opens on Isle of Man since 1968"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. British Broadcasting Corporation. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=High+Times&rft.atitle=Isle+Of+Man+Plans+%24136+Million+Facility+Off+Coast+of+U.K.&rft.date=2022-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhightimes.com%2Fnews%2Fisle-of-man-plans-136-million-facility-off-coast-of-u-k%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-60404400">"Plans outlined for £100m Isle of Man medicinal cannabis complex"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 16 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220610064914/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-60404400">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Plans+outlined+for+%C2%A3100m+Isle+of+Man+medicinal+cannabis+complex&rft.date=2022-02-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-isle-of-man-60404400&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/02/28/billionaire-john-whitaker-hopes-to-set-up-cannabis-farm-on-isle-of-man.html">"Property billionaire hopes to set up huge cannabis farm on a tiny island in the Irish Sea"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a></i>. 28 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220501094828/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/02/28/billionaire-john-whitaker-hopes-to-set-up-cannabis-farm-on-isle-of-man.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Property+billionaire+hopes+to+set+up+huge+cannabis+farm+on+a+tiny+island+in+the+Irish+Sea&rft.date=2022-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2022%2F02%2F28%2Fbillionaire-john-whitaker-hopes-to-set-up-cannabis-farm-on-isle-of-man.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinahan2000" class="citation book cs1">Minahan, James (31 January 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NwvoM-ZFoAgC"><i>One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313309847" title="Special:BookSources/9780313309847"><bdi>9780313309847</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150321014815/http://books.google.com/books?id=NwvoM-ZFoAgC">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2020</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+Europe%2C+Many+Nations%3A+A+Historical+Dictionary+of+European+National+Groups&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2000-01-31&rft.isbn=9780313309847&rft.aulast=Minahan&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNwvoM-ZFoAgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ManxUNESCO-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ManxUNESCO_148-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511200853/http://www.gov.im/lib/news/cso/unescoacceptsman.xml">"UNESCO accepts Manx language is not 'extinct'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>gov.im</i>. Isle of Man Government. 19 August 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.im/lib/news/cso/unescoacceptsman.xml">the original</a> on 11 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.im&rft.atitle=UNESCO+accepts+Manx+language+is+not+%27extinct%27&rft.date=2009-08-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.im%2Flib%2Fnews%2Fcso%2Funescoacceptsman.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenter2011" class="citation web cs1">Carpenter, Rachel N. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/Linguistics/2011thesis/PDFs/CarpenterBMC.pdf">"Mind Your P's and Q's: Revisiting the Insular Celtic hypothesis through working towards an original phonetic reconstruction of Insular Celtic"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111014050617/http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/Linguistics/2011thesis/PDFs/CarpenterBMC.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 14 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mind+Your+P%27s+and+Q%27s%3A+Revisiting+the+Insular+Celtic+hypothesis+through+working+towards+an+original+phonetic+reconstruction+of+Insular+Celtic&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=Rachel+N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swarthmore.edu%2FSocSci%2FLinguistics%2F2011thesis%2FPDFs%2FCarpenterBMC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly" class="citation web cs1">Kelly, Phil. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/voices/multilingual/manx.shtml">"Manx today by Phil Kelly"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811163952/http://www.bbc.co.uk/voices/multilingual/manx.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Manx+today+by+Phil+Kelly&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fvoices%2Fmultilingual%2Fmanx.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavies2007" class="citation book cs1">Davies, Alan (2007). <i>An Introduction to Applied Linguistics</i> (2nd The Manx ed.). Edinburgh University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-3354-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-3354-8"><bdi>978-0-7486-3354-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Applied+Linguistics&rft.edition=2nd+The+Manx&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-3354-8&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitisleofman.com/culture/">"Manx Culture"</a>. <i>VisitIsleOfMan.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120329103039/http://www.visitisleofman.com/culture/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VisitIsleOfMan.com&rft.atitle=Manx+Culture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitisleofman.com%2Fculture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArthur_William1971" class="citation book cs1">Arthur William, Moore (1971). <i>The Folk-Lore of the Isle of Man</i> (Reprint ed.). Forgotten Books. p. 274. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-60506-183-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-60506-183-2"><bdi>1-60506-183-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Folk-Lore+of+the+Isle+of+Man&rft.pages=274&rft.edition=Reprint&rft.pub=Forgotten+Books&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=1-60506-183-2&rft.aulast=Arthur+William&rft.aufirst=Moore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120804201941/http://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/education/moscow_manx_cheese_1_2908142?showResult=true&pollContentId=7.52601">"Moscow Manx cheese"</a>. <i>IOMToday</i>. 8 January 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/education/moscow_manx_cheese_1_2908142?showResult=true&pollContentId=7.52601">the original</a> on 4 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IOMToday&rft.atitle=Moscow+Manx+cheese&rft.date=2011-01-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iomtoday.co.im%2Fnews%2Feducation%2Fmoscow_manx_cheese_1_2908142%3FshowResult%3Dtrue%26pollContentId%3D7.52601&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census-2011-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census-2011_155-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.im/media/207882/census2011reportfinalresized_1_.pdf">"Isle of Man Census Report 2011"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>gov.im</i>. Isle of Man Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200606130246/https://www.gov.im/media/207882/census2011reportfinalresized_1_.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 6 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.im&rft.atitle=Isle+of+Man+Census+Report+2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.im%2Fmedia%2F207882%2Fcensus2011reportfinalresized_1_.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFiorentiniDe_MiroCalderoneCaccamo_Caltabiano2003" class="citation book cs1">Fiorentini, Graziella; De Miro, Ernesto; Calderone, Anna; Caccamo Caltabiano, Maria, eds. (2003). <i>Archeologia del Mediterraneo: Studi in onore di Ernesto De Miro</i>. L'Erma di Bretschneider. pp. 735–736. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-8265-134-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-8265-134-3"><bdi>978-88-8265-134-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archeologia+del+Mediterraneo%3A+Studi+in+onore+di+Ernesto+De+Miro&rft.pages=735-736&rft.pub=L%27Erma+di+Bretschneider&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-88-8265-134-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2000" class="citation journal cs1">Wilson, RJA (2000). 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(1975). <i>The Isle of Man: A social, cultural and political history</i>. Rutland, Vermont: Charles E. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.im&rft.atitle=Island+Facts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.im%2Fcategories%2Fbusiness-and-industries%2Fiom-key-facts-guide%2Fisland-facts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://namanx.org/iom-stamps-the-three-legs-of-man">"IOM Stamps – The Three Legs of Man"</a>. 20 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230816142242/https://namanx.org/iom-stamps-the-three-legs-of-man">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IOM+Stamps+%E2%80%93+The+Three+Legs+of+Man&rft.date=2013-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnamanx.org%2Fiom-stamps-the-three-legs-of-man&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-manxnotebook-legs-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-manxnotebook-legs_162-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/history/legs.htm">"The Three Legs of Man"</a>. <i>Isle-of-Man.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110611134019/http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/history/legs.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Isle-of-Man.com&rft.atitle=The+Three+Legs+of+Man&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isle-of-man.com%2Fmanxnotebook%2Fhistory%2Flegs.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span>. This webpage cited: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagner1959–1960" class="citation journal cs1">Wagner, A. R. (1959–1960). "The Origin of the Arms of Man". <i>Manx Museum</i>. <b>6</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manx+Museum&rft.atitle=The+Origin+of+the+Arms+of+Man&rft.volume=6&rft.date=1959%2F1960&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=A.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.im&rft.atitle=The+Cushag+Code%3A+A+code+of+best+practice+for+the+management+of+common+ragwort+Senecio+jacobaea&rft.date=2013-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.im%2Fmedia%2F402197%2Fcushag_code_july_2013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore" class="citation web cs1">Moore, A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/dh1893/index.htm">"Diocesan Histories. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Diocesan+Histories.+Sodor+and+Mann.&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isle-of-man.com%2Fmanxnotebook%2Ffulltext%2Fdh1893%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGumbley2012" class="citation web cs1">Gumbley, Ken (1 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gumbley.net/diocese.htm">"Diocese of Sodor and Man"</a>. <i>Welcome to Kirk Braddan</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170614124455/http://www.gumbley.net/diocese.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Anglican+Communion&rft.atitle=England-Sodor+%26+Man&rft.date=2012-05-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anglicancommunion.org%2Ftour%2Fdiocese.cfm%3FIdind%3D214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolcatholic.org.uk">"The Archdiocese of Liverpool"</a>. <i>Liverpool Catholic</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025120855/http://liverpoolcatholic.org.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Liverpool+Catholic&rft.atitle=The+Archdiocese+of+Liverpool&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolcatholic.org.uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030608055741/http://www.gov.im/IsleOfMan/religion.xml">"Religious Faiths and Organisations"</a>. <i>gov.im</i>. Isle of Man Government. 28 May 2012. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Electricscotland.com&rft.atitle=Avalon%27s+Location&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.electricscotland.com%2Fhistory%2Favalon.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">King Arthur, Norma Lorre Goodrich, Harper and Row, 1989, p. 318</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151227154121/http://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/isle-of-man-news/manx-witchcraft-and-sorcery-probed-by-academic-1-1744837">"Manx witchcraft and sorcery probed by academic – Isle of Man Today"</a>. <i>Iomtoday.co.im</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Iomtoday.co.im&rft.atitle=Manx+witchcraft+and+sorcery+probed+by+academic+%E2%80%93+Isle+of+Man+Today&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iomtoday.co.im%2Fnews%2Fisle-of-man-news%2Fmanx-witchcraft-and-sorcery-probed-by-academic-1-1744837&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNisbetRhys1897" class="citation book cs1">Nisbet, Robert A; Rhys, John (1897). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/iomnhas/lm3p303.htm">"Folk-Medicine in the Isle of Man – A. W. Moore, M. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ceolas.org&rft.atitle=Trad+music+in+the+Isle+of+Man&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceolas.org%2FRegions%2FManx-article.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scow-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-scow_177-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicweb-international.com/garlands/Haydnwood.htm">"The Music of Haydn Wood by Philip Scowcroft"</a>. <i>Musicweb-international.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180310032641/http://www.musicweb-international.com/garlands/Haydnwood.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Musicweb-international.com&rft.atitle=The+Music+of+Haydn+Wood+by+Philip+Scowcroft&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicweb-international.com%2Fgarlands%2FHaydnwood.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://manxnationalheritage.im/shop/product/the-life-and-times-of-harry-wood/">The Life and Times of Harry Wood, Manxland's King of Music</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></i>, Manxnationalheritage.im, Maurice Powell, 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-57769115">"Isle of Man Bee Gees statue unveiled on Douglas seafront"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 8 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220131123745/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-57769115">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Isle+of+Man+Bee+Gees+statue+unveiled+on+Douglas+seafront&rft.date=2021-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-isle-of-man-57769115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isleofman.com/guide/essentials/view">"Isle of Man Cuisine. Isle of Man Attractions Essentials"</a>. <i>www.isleofman.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.isleofman.com&rft.atitle=Isle+of+Man+Cuisine.+Isle+of+Man+Attractions+Essentials&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.isleofman.com%2Fguide%2Fessentials%2Fview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFisleofman.com" class="citation web cs1">isleofman.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isleofman.com/attractions/cuisine/">"Attractions :: isleofman.com"</a>. <i>Isleofman.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171226050135/http://www.isleofman.com/attractions/cuisine">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Isleofman.com&rft.atitle=Attractions+%3A%3A+isleofman.com&rft.au=isleofman.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isleofman.com%2Fattractions%2Fcuisine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.locate.im/articles/national-dish-of-the-isle-of-man-">"National Dish of the Isle of Man – Locate Isle of Man"</a>. <i>locate.im</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200824083028/https://www.locate.im/articles/national-dish-of-the-isle-of-man-">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=locate.im&rft.atitle=National+Dish+of+the+Isle+of+Man+%E2%80%93+Locate+Isle+of+Man&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.locate.im%2Farticles%2Fnational-dish-of-the-isle-of-man-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-45547406">"Queenies crowned Isle of Man's national dish"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 17 September 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220615023410/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-45547406">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Queenies+crowned+Isle+of+Man%27s+national+dish&rft.date=2018-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-isle-of-man-45547406&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Assoc1971-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Assoc1971_184-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ffYDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA22">"American Motorcyclist"</a>. <i>American Motorcyclist: The Monthly Journal of the American Motorcyclist Association</i>. American Motorcyclist Association: 22. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Motorcyclist%3A+The+Monthly+Journal+of+the+American+Motorcyclist+Association&rft.atitle=American+Motorcyclist&rft.pages=22&rft.date=1971-11&rft.issn=0277-9358&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DffYDAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2009" class="citation web cs1">Evans, Ann (30 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Scallops+the+main+ingredient+of+unique+gathering+for+foodies%3B+SUN,...-a0200817093">"Scallops the main ingredient of unique gathering for foodies; SUN, sea, sand and shellfish"</a>. <i>Coventry Evening Telegraph</i>. Coventry Newspapers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025021554/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Scallops+the+main+ingredient+of+unique+gathering+for+foodies%3B+SUN,...-a0200817093">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2011</span> – via TheFreeLibrary.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Coventry+Evening+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Scallops+the+main+ingredient+of+unique+gathering+for+foodies%3B+SUN%2C+sea%2C+sand+and+shellfish&rft.date=2009-05-30&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreelibrary.com%2FScallops%2Bthe%2Bmain%2Bingredient%2Bof%2Bunique%2Bgathering%2Bfor%2Bfoodies%253B%2BSUN%2C...-a0200817093&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKallaway" class="citation web cs1">Kallaway, Jane. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.langleychase.co.uk/">"Award winning organic lamb"</a>. Langley Chase Organic Farm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110904024332/http://www.langleychase.co.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Award+winning+organic+lamb&rft.pub=Langley+Chase+Organic+Farm&rft.aulast=Kallaway&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.langleychase.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121012054640/http://www.gov.im/lib/docs/iomfinance/factsheets/isleofmanproduce.pdf">"Purely Isle of Man"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>gov.im</i>. Department of Finance, Isle of Man. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.im/lib/docs/iomfinance/factsheets/isleofmanproduce.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 12 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.im&rft.atitle=Purely+Isle+of+Man&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.im%2Flib%2Fdocs%2Fiomfinance%2Ffactsheets%2Fisleofmanproduce.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120325175544/http://isleofman.isle-news.com/archives/isle-of-man-oak-smoked-mature-cheddar-wins-bronze-medal-at-the-british-cheese-awards-2010/6768/">"Isle of Man Oak Smoked Mature Cheddar Wins Bronze Medal at The British Cheese Awards 2010"</a>. <i>Isle News</i>. 2010. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Isle+News&rft.atitle=Isle+of+Man+Oak+Smoked+Mature+Cheddar+Wins+Bronze+Medal+at+The+British+Cheese+Awards+2010&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fisleofman.isle-news.com%2Farchives%2Fisle-of-man-oak-smoked-mature-cheddar-wins-bronze-medal-at-the-british-cheese-awards-2010%2F6768%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120803063502/http://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/isle-of-man-news/bumper_sales_for_manx_cheese_1_1750532">"Bumper Sales for Manx Cheese"</a>. <i>IOMToday</i>. 15 October 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/isle-of-man-news/bumper_sales_for_manx_cheese_1_1750532">the original</a> on 3 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IOMToday&rft.atitle=Bumper+Sales+for+Manx+Cheese&rft.date=2003-10-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iomtoday.co.im%2Fnews%2Fisle-of-man-news%2Fbumper_sales_for_manx_cheese_1_1750532&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isleofman.com/News/article.aspx?article=5017">"Success at World Cheese Awards"</a>. <i>IsleOfMan.com</i>. 22 March 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120322062013/http://www.isleofman.com/News/article.aspx?article=5017">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IsleOfMan.com&rft.atitle=Success+at+World+Cheese+Awards&rft.date=2007-03-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isleofman.com%2FNews%2Farticle.aspx%3Farticle%3D5017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118035745/http://www.provigo.ca/en_CA/products/productlisting/pc-black-label-isle-of-man-extra-old-cheddar-cheese-aged-14-mont0.html">"PC Black Label English Isle of Man Extra Old Cheddar Cheese"</a>. <i>Provigo</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Isle+of+Man+awarded+UNESCO+status&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ftravel%2Fdestinations%2Feurope%2Funited-kingdom%2Fengland%2Fisle-of-man%2Farticles%2Fisle-of-man-added-to-unesco-biosphere-reserve-list%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_210-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_210-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_210-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_210-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/copyright-and-contributors/">public domain material</a> from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/isle-of-man">"Isle of Man"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i> (2024 ed.). <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>. 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Isle+of+Man&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fisle-of-man&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/archives/download/factbook-2019.zip">(Archived 2019 edition.)</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore1903" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_William_Moore" title="Arthur William Moore">Moore, Arthur William</a> (1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FvsEAAAAIAAJ"><i>Manx Names</i></a> (Revised Cheap ed.). London: Elliot Stock (published 1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240506031549/https://books.google.com/books?id=FvsEAAAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2023</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manx+Names&rft.place=London&rft.edition=Revised+Cheap&rft.pub=Elliot+Stock&rft.date=1903&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Arthur+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFvsEAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSacheverell1859" class="citation book cs1">Sacheverell, William (1859). <a href="/wiki/Joseph_George_Cumming" title="Joseph George Cumming">Cumming, Joseph George</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dIYNAAAAYAAJ"><i>An Account of the Isle of Man</i></a>. Douglas: The Manx Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240506031548/https://books.google.com/books?id=dIYNAAAAYAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2023</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Account+of+the+Isle+of+Man&rft.place=Douglas&rft.pub=The+Manx+Society&rft.date=1859&rft.aulast=Sacheverell&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdIYNAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaldron1726" class="citation book cs1">Waldron, George (1726). Harrison, William (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ix4tAAAAMAAJ&pg=PAPR5"><i>A Description of the Isle of Man</i></a>. Douglas: The Manx Society (published 1865). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240506031604/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ix4tAAAAMAAJ&pg=PAPR5#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2023</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Description+of+the+Isle+of+Man&rft.place=Douglas&rft.pub=The+Manx+Society&rft.date=1726&rft.aulast=Waldron&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIx4tAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPAPR5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Russel, G. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02365622">"Distribution and development of some Manx epiphyte populations"</a>. <i>Helgolander Meeresunters</i>. <b>42</b> (3–4): 477–492. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988HM.....42..477R">1988HM.....42..477R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02365622">10.1007/BF02365622</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Helgolander+Meeresunters.&rft.atitle=Distribution+and+development+of+some+Manx+epiphyte+populations&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=477-492&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02365622&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1988HM.....42..477R&rft.aulast=Russel&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252FBF02365622&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodwin2011" class="citation book cs1">Goodwin, Sarah (2011). <i>A Brief History of the Isle of Man</i>. Surrey: Loaghtan Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-908060-00-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-908060-00-6"><bdi>978-1-908060-00-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+the+Isle+of+Man&rft.place=Surrey&rft.pub=Loaghtan+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-908060-00-6&rft.aulast=Goodwin&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man#Q9676" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Isle_of_Man" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.im/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/6041206">Isle of Man</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/isle-of-man/">"Europe :: Isle of Man"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. 25 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210112154850/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/isle-of-man">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Europe+%3A%3A+Isle+of+Man&rft.date=2019-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fisle-of-man%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100716045013/http://isleofman.isle-news.com/">Isle of Man News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110727082404/http://mhkstheyworkforyou.org/default.aspx">Information on the work and duties of Members of the House of Keys</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121108050329/http://viewfinder.english-heritage.org.uk/search/results.aspx?index=0&mainQuery=&searchType=all&form=basic&theme=&county=ISLE%20OF%20MAN&district=&placeName=">Images of the Isle of Man</a> at the <a href="/wiki/English_Heritage_Archive" class="mw-redirect" title="English Heritage Archive">English Heritage Archive</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Isle_of_Man_topics" title="Template:Isle of Man topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Isle_of_Man_topics" title="Template talk:Isle of Man topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Isle_of_Man_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Isle of Man topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Isle_of_Man" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isle of Man</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of places in the Isle of Man">List of places in the Isle of Man</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a> (capital)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castletown,_Isle_of_Man" title="Castletown, Isle of Man">Castletown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peel,_Isle_of_Man" title="Peel, Isle of Man">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsey,_Isle_of_Man" title="Ramsey, Isle of Man">Ramsey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Village" title="Village">Villages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andreas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Andreas, Isle of Man">Andreas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballabeg" title="Ballabeg">Ballabeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballasalla" title="Ballasalla">Ballasalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballaugh" title="Ballaugh">Ballaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballure,_Isle_of_Man" title="Ballure, Isle of Man">Ballure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barregarrow" title="Barregarrow">Barregarrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braaid" title="Braaid">Braaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colby,_Isle_of_Man" title="Colby, Isle of Man">Colby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cregneash" title="Cregneash">Cregneash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosby,_Isle_of_Man" title="Crosby, Isle of Man">Crosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalby,_Isle_of_Man" title="Dalby, Isle of Man">Dalby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derbyhaven" title="Derbyhaven">Derbyhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foxdale" title="Foxdale">Foxdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Maye" title="Glen Maye">Glen Maye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Vine" title="Glen Vine">Glen Vine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laxey" title="Laxey">Laxey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niarbyl,_Isle_of_Man" title="Niarbyl, Isle of Man">Niarbyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newtown,_Isle_of_Man" title="Newtown, Isle of Man">Newtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onchan" title="Onchan">Onchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Soderick" title="Port Soderick">Port Soderick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_St_Mary" title="Port St Mary">Port St Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Erin" title="Port Erin">Port Erin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronague" title="Ronague">Ronague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John%27s,_Isle_of_Man" title="St John's, Isle of Man">St John's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strang,_Isle_of_Man" title="Strang, Isle of Man">Strang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulby,_Isle_of_Man" title="Sulby, Isle of Man">Sulby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromode" title="Tromode">Tromode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Mills" title="Union Mills">Union Mills</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Local government in the Isle of Man">Sheadings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayre" title="Ayre">Ayre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garff" title="Garff">Garff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenfaba" title="Glenfaba">Glenfaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael,_Isle_of_Man" title="Michael, Isle of Man">Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_(sheading)" title="Middle (sheading)">Middle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushen_(sheading)" title="Rushen (sheading)">Rushen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_parishes_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of parishes of the Isle of Man">Parishes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_(parish)" title="Andreas (parish)">Andreas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbory" title="Arbory">Arbory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballaugh_(parish)" title="Ballaugh (parish)">Ballaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braddan" title="Braddan">Braddan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bride_(parish)" title="Bride (parish)">Bride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_(parish)" title="German (parish)">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurby" title="Jurby">Jurby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezayre" title="Lezayre">Lezayre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonan_(parish)" title="Lonan (parish)">Lonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malew" title="Malew">Malew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marown" title="Marown">Marown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maughold_(parish)" title="Maughold (parish)">Maughold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael,_Isle_of_Man" title="Michael, Isle of Man">Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onchan_(parish)" title="Onchan (parish)">Onchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_(parish)" title="Patrick (parish)">Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushen" title="Rushen">Rushen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santon,_Isle_of_Man" title="Santon, Isle of Man">Santon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings, structures, museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Registered_Buildings_and_Conservation_Areas_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Registered Buildings and Conservation Areas of the Isle of Man">Registered (historic) Buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of castles in the Isle of Man">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_on_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of churches on the Isle of Man">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monastic_houses_on_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of monastic houses on the Isle of Man">Monastic houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lighthouses_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of lighthouses in the Isle of Man">Lighthouses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of museums in the Isle of Man">Museums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Transport in the Isle of Man">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_roads_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of roads in the Isle of Man">Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Airport" title="Isle of Man Airport">Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Sea_Terminal" title="Isle of Man Sea Terminal">Sea Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aer_Lingus_Regional" title="Aer Lingus Regional">Aer Lingus Regional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Islands" title="Blue Islands">Blue Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EasyJet" title="EasyJet">EasyJet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loganair" title="Loganair">Loganair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Railway" title="Isle of Man Railway">Steam Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_Electric_Railway" title="Manx Electric Railway">Electric Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snaefell_Mountain_Railway" title="Snaefell Mountain Railway">Mountain Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Steam_Packet_Company" title="Isle of Man Steam Packet Company">Steam Packet Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_Vannin" title="Bus Vannin">Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Bay_Horse_Tramway" title="Douglas Bay Horse Tramway">Horse Tram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heraldry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Flag of the Isle of Man">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Coat of arms of the Isle of Man">Coat of arms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Education in the Isle of Man">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Education,_Sport_and_Culture" title="Department of Education, Sport and Culture">Department of Education, Sport and Culture</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bunscoill_Ghaelgagh" title="Bunscoill Ghaelgagh">Bunscoill Ghaelgagh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secondary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballakermeen_High_School" title="Ballakermeen High School">Ballakermeen High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Rushen_High_School" title="Castle Rushen High School">Castle Rushen High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_High_School" title="Queen Elizabeth II High School">Queen Elizabeth II High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsey_Grammar_School" title="Ramsey Grammar School">Ramsey Grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Ninian%27s_High_School,_Douglas" title="St Ninian's High School, Douglas">St Ninian's High</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_William%27s_College" title="King William's College">King William's College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Buchan_School" title="The Buchan School">The Buchan School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Further and higher</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Manx_Studies" title="Centre for Manx Studies">Centre for Manx Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_Isle_of_Man" title="University College Isle of Man">University College Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_International_Business_School" title="Isle of Man International Business School">Isle of Man International Business School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="British_Isles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_Isles" title="Template:British Isles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_Isles" title="Template talk:British Isles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_Isles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British Isles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="British_Isles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_British_Isles" title="Names of the British Isles">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminology_of_the_British_Isles" title="Terminology of the British Isles">Terminology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alba" title="Alba">Alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albion" title="Albion">Albion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymru" title="Cymru">Cymru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prydain" title="Prydain">Prydain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britain_(place_name)" title="Britain (place name)">Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ire" title="Éire">Éire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibernia" title="Hibernia">Hibernia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Bailiwick of Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isle of Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Political cooperation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Ireland–United Kingdom relations">Ireland–United Kingdom relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British%E2%80%93Irish_Council" title="British–Irish Council">British–Irish Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British%E2%80%93Irish_Intergovernmental_Conference" title="British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference">British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British%E2%80%93Irish_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly">British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Travel_Area" title="Common Travel Area">Common Travel Area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Island groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands" title="Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_the_Clyde" title="Islands of the Clyde">Islands of the Clyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrides" title="Hebrides">Hebrides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Hebrides" title="Inner Hebrides">Inner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Hebrides" title="Outer Hebrides">Outer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Isles" title="Northern Isles">Northern Isles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland">Shetland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isles_of_Scilly" title="Isles of Scilly">Isles of Scilly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Lists of islands of</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of islands of the Bailiwick of Guernsey">Bailiwick of Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Ireland" title="List of islands of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Bailiwick_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of islands of the Bailiwick of Jersey">Bailiwick of Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of islands of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of islands of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_England" title="List of islands of England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Scotland" title="List of islands of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Wales" title="List of islands of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Isles" title="History of the British Isles">History</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_history_of_the_British_Isles" title="Outline of the history of the British Isles">outline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Island groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland" title="History of Ireland">Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Current states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="History of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_England" title="History of England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Northern_Ireland" title="History of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scotland" title="History of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Wales" title="History of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Guernsey" title="History of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jersey" title="History of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="History of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Wales" title="Principality of Wales">Principality of Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Kingdom of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Kingdom of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Modern languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auregnais" title="Auregnais">Auregnais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guern%C3%A9siais" title="Guernésiais">Guernésiais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A8rriais" title="Jèrriais">Jèrriais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sercquiais" title="Sercquiais">Sercquiais</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Sign_Language" title="British Sign Language">British Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Sign_Language" title="Irish Sign Language">Irish Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Sign_Language" title="Northern Ireland Sign Language">Northern Ireland Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelta" title="Shelta">Shelta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_people" title="British people">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_people" title="Cornish people">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanichal" title="Romanichal">English Gypsies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Travellers" title="Irish Travellers">Irish Travellers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kale_(Welsh_Roma)" title="Kale (Welsh Roma)">Kale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_people" title="Manx people">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_Northern_Ireland" title="People of Northern Ireland">Northern Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Scots_people" title="Ulster Scots people">Ulster-Scots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Celts_and_modern_Celts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Celts" title="Template:Celts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Celts" title="Template talk:Celts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Celts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Celts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Celts_and_modern_Celts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Celts_(modern)" title="Celts (modern)">modern Celts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Celtic_nations" title="Celtic nations">Celtic nations</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Celtic_studies" title="Celtic studies">Celtic studies</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Celtic_peoples_and_tribes" title="List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes">Celtic tribes</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic languages</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Peoples" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Peoples</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Celtic_peoples_and_tribes" title="List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes">Ancient Celtic ethnic groups</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Celts" title="Names of the Celts">Names</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgae" title="Belgae">Belgae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Britons" title="Celtic Britons">Britons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caledonians" title="Caledonians">Caledonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberians" title="Celtiberians">Celtiberians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaeci" title="Gallaeci">Gallaeci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gauls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatians_(people)" title="Galatians (people)">Galatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvetii" title="Helvetii">Helvetii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepontii" title="Lepontii">Lepontii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum">Noricum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcae" title="Volcae">Volcae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celts_(modern)" title="Celts (modern)">Modern Celtic ethnic groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bretons" title="Bretons">Bretons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_people" title="Cornish people">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_people" title="Manx people">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scots</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Celtic diaspora</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_diaspora" title="Cornish diaspora">Cornish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_diaspora" title="Irish diaspora">Irish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_diaspora" title="Scottish diaspora">Scottish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh diaspora">Welsh diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Celtic" title="Anglo-Celtic">Anglo-Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_Americans" title="Breton Americans">Breton Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Americans" title="Cornish Americans">Cornish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Celtic_round_dogs.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Celtic_round_dogs.svg/100px-Celtic_round_dogs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Celtic_round_dogs.svg/150px-Celtic_round_dogs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Celtic_round_dogs.svg/200px-Celtic_round_dogs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Studies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_studies" title="Celtic studies">Studies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Riata" title="Dál Riata">Dálriata</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Alba" title="Kingdom of Alba">Alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Iron_Age" title="British Iron Age">Iron Age Britain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brigantia_(ancient_region)" title="Brigantia (ancient region)">Brigantia (ancient region)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Roman Britain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sub-Roman_Britain" title="Sub-Roman Britain">Sub-Roman Britain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dumnonia" title="Dumnonia">Dumnonia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hen_Ogledd" title="Hen Ogledd">Hen Ogledd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Iron Age Gaul</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roman_Gaul" title="Roman Gaul">Roman Gaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britonia" title="Britonia">Britonia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armorica" title="Armorica">Armorica</a> / <a href="/wiki/Domnon%C3%A9e" title="Domnonée">Domnonée</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Gallaecia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaul" title="Cisalpine Gaul">Cisalpine Gaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_settlement_of_Southeast_Europe" title="Celtic settlement of Southeast Europe">Balkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celts_in_Transylvania" title="Celts in Transylvania">Transylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatia" title="Galatia">Galatia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Celtic_paganism" title="Proto-Celtic paganism">Proto-Celtic religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_religion" title="Ancient Celtic religion">Celtic polytheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_deities" title="Celtic deities">Celtic deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Animism" title="Celtic Animism">Celtic Animism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_mythology" title="Celtic mythology">Celtic mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Christianity" title="Celtic Christianity">Celtic Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Rite" title="Celtic Rite">Celtic Rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_stone_idols" title="Celtic stone idols">Celtic stone idolss</a>* <a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">Druids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_Monasticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Insular Monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano-Celtic_temple" title="Romano-Celtic temple">Romano-Celtic temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Celtic_pagan_practices" title="Template:Celtic pagan practices">Practices</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mythology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_mythology" title="Scottish mythology">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_mythology" title="Welsh mythology">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_mythology" title="Breton mythology">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_mythology" title="Cornish mythology">Cornish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bard" title="Bard">Bard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brehon" title="Brehon">Brehon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_calendar" title="Celtic calendar">Celtic calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_festivals" title="List of Celtic festivals">Celtic festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_women" title="Ancient Celtic women">Celtic women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celticisation" title="Celticisation">Celticisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Name" title="Chief of the Name">Chief of the Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derbfine" title="Derbfine">Derbfine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">Druid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_clan_chief" title="Scottish clan chief">Clan chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelicisation" title="Gaelicisation">Gaelicisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_astrology" title="Early Irish astrology">Gaelic astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1inne" title="Fáinne">Fáinne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fili" class="mw-redirect" title="Fili">Fili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_law" title="Celtic law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanistry" title="Tanistry">Tanistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seancha%C3%AD" title="Seanchaí">Seanchaí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sept" title="Sept">Sept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BAath" title="Túath">Túath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vates" title="Vates">Vates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic warfare">Warfare</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gaelic_warfare" title="Gaelic warfare">Gaelic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_coinage" title="Celtic coinage">Coinage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Modern_Celts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celts_(modern)" title="Celts (modern)">Modern Celts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Revival" title="Celtic Revival">Celtic Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_nations" title="Celtic nations">Celtic nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Celticism" title="Pan-Celticism">Pan-Celticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Congress" title="Celtic Congress">Celtic Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_League" title="Celtic League">Celtic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_union" title="Celtic union">Celtic union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_music" title="Celtic music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_rock" title="Celtic rock">Rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Celtic_Christianity" title="Neo-Celtic Christianity">Neo-Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_neopaganism" title="Celtic neopaganism">Neopaganism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Wicca" title="Celtic Wicca">Celtic Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druidry_(modern)" title="Druidry (modern)">Neo-Druidism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nations" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_nations" title="Celtic nations">Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_League" title="Celtic League">Celtic League</a> definition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a> (<span title="Breton-language text"><i lang="br">Breizh</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a> (<span title="Cornish-language text"><i lang="kw">Kernow</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> (<span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Éire</i></span>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isle of Man</a> (<span title="Manx-language text"><i lang="gv">Mannin</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> (<span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">Alba</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> (<span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Cymru</i></span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other claimants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y_Wladfa" title="Y Wladfa">Y Wladfa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Culture</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_literature" title="Celtic literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">Arthurian Legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_bardic_poetry" title="Irish bardic poetry">Bardic Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_literature" title="Breton literature">Breton literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_literature" title="Cornish literature">Cornish literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_literature" title="Irish literature">Irish literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_literature" title="Manx literature">Manx literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_literature" title="Scottish literature">Scottish literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh-language_literature" title="Welsh-language literature">Welsh-language literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_literature_in_English" title="Welsh literature in English">Welsh literature in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_literature" title="Early Irish literature">Early Irish literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_annals" title="Irish annals">Irish annals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_literature" title="Gaelic literature">Gaelic literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_literature" title="Scottish Gaelic literature">Scottish Gaelic literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National cultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Brittany" title="Culture of Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cornwall" title="Culture of Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ireland" title="Culture of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Culture of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Scotland" title="Culture of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Wales" title="Culture of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_art" title="Celtic art">Art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_shrine" title="Bell shrine">Bell shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_brooch" title="Celtic brooch">Brooches</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dragonesque_brooch" title="Dragonesque brooch">Dragonesque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnyx" title="Carnyx">Carnyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_cross" title="Celtic cross">Celtic cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_knot" title="Celtic knot">Knotwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_cross" title="High cross">High crosses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_art" title="Insular art">Insular art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlace_(art)" title="Interlace (art)">Interlace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_leaf-crown" title="Celtic leaf-crown">Leaf-crowns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_maze" title="Celtic maze">Mazes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictish_stone" title="Pictish stone">Pictish stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torc" title="Torc">Torcs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triskelion" title="Triskelion">Triple spiral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clothing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic Dress">Celtic Dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_clothing" title="Irish clothing">Gaelic clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_dress" title="Highland dress">Highland dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartan" title="Tartan">Tartan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional cultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Highlands" title="Scottish Highlands">Highland culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_music" title="Celtic music">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_music" title="Ancient Celtic music">Ancient Celtic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brittany" title="Music of Brittany">Breton Folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_folk_music" title="Gaelic folk music">Gaelic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_traditional_music" title="Irish traditional music">Irish folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_folk_music" title="Scottish folk music">Scottish folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_folk_music" title="Welsh folk music">Welsh folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean-n%C3%B3s_singing" title="Sean-nós singing">Sean-nós singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnyx" title="Carnyx">Carnyx</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="National_music_scenes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National music scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brittany" title="Music of Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cornwall" title="Music of Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk music of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Music of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Scotland" title="Music of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Wales" title="Music of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_festivals" title="List of Celtic festivals">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_calendar" title="Celtic calendar">Calendar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samhain" title="Samhain">Samhain</a>/<a href="/wiki/Calan_Gaeaf" title="Calan Gaeaf">Calan Gaeaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imbolc" title="Imbolc">Imbolc</a>/<a href="/wiki/G%C5%B5yl_Fair_y_Canhwyllau" title="Gŵyl Fair y Canhwyllau">Gŵyl Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beltane" title="Beltane">Beltane</a>/<a href="/wiki/Calan_Mai" title="Calan Mai">Calan Mai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lughnasadh" title="Lughnasadh">Lughnasadh</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gathering_Day" title="Gathering Day">Calan Awst</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_Interceltique_de_Lorient" title="Festival Interceltique de Lorient">Festival Interceltique de Lorient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Celtic_Festival" title="Pan Celtic Festival">Pan Celtic Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebridean_Celtic_Festival" title="Hebridean Celtic Festival">Hebridean Celtic Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Connections" title="Celtic Connections">Celtic Connections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Media_Festival" title="Celtic Media Festival">Celtic Media Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisteddfod" title="Eisteddfod">Eisteddfod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bando_(sport)" title="Bando (sport)">Bando</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bataireacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Bataireacht">Bataireacht</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camogie" title="Camogie">Camogie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cammag" title="Cammag">Cammag</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cnapan" title="Cnapan">Cnapan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_hurling" title="Cornish hurling">Cornish hurling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_wrestling" title="Cornish wrestling">Cornish wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curling" title="Curling">Curling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_football" title="Gaelic football">Gaelic football</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_Gaelic_football" title="Ladies' Gaelic football">Ladies'</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_handball" title="Gaelic handball">Gaelic handball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouren" title="Gouren">Gouren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rounders" title="Rounders">Rounders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_games" title="Highland games">Highland games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurling" title="Hurling">Hurling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_road_bowling" title="Irish road bowling">Road bowls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinty" title="Shinty">Shinty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_handball" title="Welsh handball">Welsh handball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Politics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nationalism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_nationalism" title="Breton nationalism">Breton nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Breton_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Breton nationalism">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reunification_of_Brittany" title="Reunification of Brittany">reunification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_nationalism" title="Cornish nationalism">Cornish nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_status_of_Cornwall" title="Constitutional status of Cornwall">status</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Irish nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Manx nationalism">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_status_of_Orkney,_Shetland_and_the_Western_Isles" title="Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles">Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_nationalism" title="Scottish nationalism">Scottish nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_national_identity" title="Scottish national identity">national identity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_nationalism" title="Welsh nationalism">Welsh nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_national_identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh national identity">national identity</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_devolution" title="Cornish devolution">Cornish devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_devolution" title="Scottish devolution">Scottish devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_devolution" title="Welsh devolution">Welsh devolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Breton independence">Breton independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_independence" title="Scottish independence">Scottish independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_independence" title="Welsh independence">Welsh independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Ireland" title="United Ireland">United Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">Irish republicanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pan-Celticism" title="Pan-Celticism">Pan-Celticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_League" title="Celtic League">Celtic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Congress" title="Celtic Congress">Celtic Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Revival" title="Celtic Revival">Celtic Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_society" title="Celtic society">Celtic society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_unity" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic unity">Celtic unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columba_Project" title="Columba Project">Columba Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brittonic_languages" title="Brittonic languages">Brittonic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Goidelic_languages" title="Goidelic languages">Goidelic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mixed_language" title="Mixed language">Mixed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shelta" title="Shelta">Shelta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungi_dialect" title="Bungi dialect">Bungi Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beurla_Reagaird" title="Beurla Reagaird">Beurla Reagaird</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Continental_Celtic_languages" title="Continental Celtic languages">Ancient Celtic languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Extinct_language" title="Extinct language">Extinct</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Celtic_language" title="Proto-Celtic language">Proto-Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Brittonic" title="Common Brittonic">Proto-Brittonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_Irish" title="Primitive Irish">Proto-Goidelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_language" title="Celtiberian language">Celtiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaulish" title="Gaulish">Gaulish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatian_language" title="Galatian language">Galatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaecian_language" title="Gallaecian language">Gallaecian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepontic_language" title="Lepontic language">Lepontic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noric_language" title="Noric language">Noric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbric" title="Cumbric">Cumbric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictish_language" title="Pictish language">Pictish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispano-Celtic_languages" title="Hispano-Celtic languages">Hispano-Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaulish" title="Cisalpine Gaulish">Cisalpine Gaulish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> dialects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arran_Gaelic" title="Arran Gaelic">Arran Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deeside_Gaelic" title="Deeside Gaelic">Deeside Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galwegian_Gaelic" title="Galwegian Gaelic">Galwegian Gaelic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Law_and_Warfare" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_law" title="Celtic law">Law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_warfare" title="Ancient Celtic warfare">Warfare</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_law" title="Celtic law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_law" title="Early Irish law">Early Irish law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyfraith_Hywel" title="Cyfraith Hywel">Cyfraith Hywel</a> (Medieval Welsh law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scots_law" title="History of Scots law">Early Scots law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_warfare" title="Ancient Celtic warfare">Warfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_warfare" title="Gaelic warfare">Gaelic warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cateran" title="Cateran">Ceathairne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kern_(soldier)" title="Kern (soldier)">Ceithearn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianna" title="Fianna">Fianna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaesatae" title="Gaesatae">Gaesatae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallowglass" title="Gallowglass">Gallóglaigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobelar" title="Hobelar">Hobelar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redshank_(soldier)" title="Redshank (soldier)">Redshanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimarcisia" title="Trimarcisia">Trimarcisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lists</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Celtic_peoples_and_tribes" title="List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes">Tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_deities" title="List of Celtic deities">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_English_words_of_Celtic_origin" title="Lists of English words of Celtic origin">Celtic words in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_words_of_Celtic_origin" title="List of Spanish words of Celtic origin">– in Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Galician_words_of_Celtic_origin" title="List of Galician words of Celtic origin">– in Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_words_of_Gaulish_origin" title="List of French words of Gaulish origin">Gaulish words in French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_place_names_in_Galicia" title="List of Celtic place names in Galicia">Celtic place names in Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_place_names_in_Italy" title="List of Celtic place names in Italy">– in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_place_names_in_Portugal" title="List of Celtic place names in Portugal">– in Portugal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Celts" title="Portal:Celts">Celts portal</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Triple-Spiral-4turns_green_transparent.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Triple-Spiral-4turns_green_transparent.svg/16px-Triple-Spiral-4turns_green_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Triple-Spiral-4turns_green_transparent.svg/24px-Triple-Spiral-4turns_green_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Triple-Spiral-4turns_green_transparent.svg/32px-Triple-Spiral-4turns_green_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries,_territories_and_dependencies_of_the_British_Crown" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_Kingdom_constituents_and_affiliations" title="Template:United Kingdom constituents and affiliations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_Kingdom_constituents_and_affiliations" title="Template talk:United Kingdom constituents and affiliations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_Kingdom_constituents_and_affiliations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United Kingdom constituents and affiliations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries,_territories_and_dependencies_of_the_British_Crown" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countries, territories and dependencies of the <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">British Crown</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a> <br />of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Bailiwick of Guernsey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alderney" title="Alderney">Alderney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sark" title="Sark">Sark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Bailiwick of Jersey</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isle of Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gough_Island" title="Gough Island">Gough Island</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former colonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_that_have_gained_independence_from_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of countries that have gained independence from the United Kingdom">List of countries that have gained independence from the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup> <a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Sovereign Base Areas</a>. <sup>2</sup> Partial suspension of sovereignty due to the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty_System" title="Antarctic Treaty System">Antarctic Treaty</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="English-speaking_world" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:English_official_language_clickable_map" title="Template:English official language clickable map"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:English_official_language_clickable_map" title="Template talk:English official language clickable map"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:English_official_language_clickable_map" title="Special:EditPage/Template:English official language clickable map"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="English-speaking_world" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/English_language#Geographical_distribution" title="English language">English-speaking world</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-center noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-right" typeof="mw:File"><span title="English speaking countries"><img alt="English speaking countries" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Anglophone_World.svg/600px-Anglophone_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Anglophone_World.svg/900px-Anglophone_World.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Anglophone_World.svg/1200px-Anglophone_World.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="974" resource="/wiki/File:Anglophone_World.svg" /></span><figcaption>English speaking countries</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Further_links" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Further links</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em">Articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English-speaking_world" title="English-speaking world">English-speaking world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the English language">History of the English language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_in_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="English in the Commonwealth of Nations">English in the Commonwealth of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;text-align:left;color:darkblue;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_English-speaking_population" title="List of countries by English-speaking population">List of countries by English-speaking population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_where_English_is_an_official_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries where English is an official language">List of countries where English is an official language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:blue;"><span style="padding-left:1.0em;"> </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Countries_and_territories_where_English_is_the_national_language_or_the_native_language_of_the_majority"> <ul><li><b>Countries and territories where English is the national language or the native language of the majority</b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Africa" title="Languages of Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-America" title="Anglo-America">Americas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/English_language_in_Europe" title="English language in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isle of Man</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Oceania" title="Languages of Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightblue;"><span style="padding-left:1.0em;"> </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Countries_and_territories_where_English_is_an_official_language,_but_not_the_majority_first_language"> <ul><li><b>Countries and territories where English is an official language, but not the majority first language</b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Asia" title="Languages of Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> shown in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_dependencies_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sovereign_states_of_Europe" title="Template:Sovereign states of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sovereign_states_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Sovereign states of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sovereign_states_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sovereign states of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_dependencies_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Europe" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe">Countries and dependencies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a><sup>4</sup></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding:0 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg/100px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg/150px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg/200px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="536" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br />recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent<br />territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a><sup>3</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Realm" title="Danish Realm">autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a><sup>2</sup> (Sovereign Base Areas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Bailiwick of Guernsey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alderney" title="Alderney">Alderney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sark" title="Sark">Sark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Bailiwick of Jersey</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isle of Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Special areas<br />of internal<br />sovereignty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">autonomous region</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/%C3%85land_convention" title="Åland convention">Åland convention</a> of 1921)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">unincorporated area</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/Svalbard_Treaty" title="Svalbard Treaty">Svalbard Treaty</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">country of the United Kingdom</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">British-Irish Agreement</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> Spans the conventional boundary between Europe and another continent.</li> <li><sup>2</sup> Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia.</li> <li><sup>3</sup> <a href="/wiki/Island#Oceanic_islands" title="Island">Oceanic islands</a> within the vicinity of Europe are usually grouped with the continent even though they are not situated on its continental shelf.</li> <li><sup>4</sup> Governed by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> which has sovereignty over Vatican City.</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Europe" title="Category:Europe">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9676#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9676#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9676#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/135006697">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1209807/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJh4yPhVgY3VtbqyKT3xXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4027756-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80106871">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12048299n">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12048299n">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an51924096">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Man (Velká Británie : ostrov)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge392226&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000804846">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=497/23096">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557237105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/e9857f2e-5db7-36a0-b4a9-c7c32d1b3172">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA08025887?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/26201dfd-bfb1-4083-90f6-ff21a8e8802d">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/GN516bHU">UK Parliament</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028700562">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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