Types de matériaux et mise en œuvre - Classification thématique

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d-md-flex" title="Classification : Bois" href="/classification/techniques/materiaux/types-de-materiaux-et-mise-en-uvre/bois/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Bois </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 1 article </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 8 médias </span> </a> <a class="list-group-item d-block d-md-flex" title="Classification : Cristaux liquides" href="/classification/techniques/materiaux/types-de-materiaux-et-mise-en-uvre/cristaux-liquides/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Cristaux liquides </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 1 article </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 6 médias </span> </a> <a class="list-group-item d-block d-md-flex" title="Classification : Cuir" href="/classification/techniques/materiaux/types-de-materiaux-et-mise-en-uvre/cuir/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Cuir </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 1 article </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 4 médias </span> </a> <a class="list-group-item d-block d-md-flex" title="Classification : Matériaux de construction" href="/classification/techniques/materiaux/types-de-materiaux-et-mise-en-uvre/materiaux-de-construction/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Matériaux de construction </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 9 articles </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 22 médias </span> </a> <a class="list-group-item d-block d-md-flex" title="Classification : Matériaux ferroélectriques" href="/classification/techniques/materiaux/types-de-materiaux-et-mise-en-uvre/materiaux-ferroelectriques/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Matériaux ferroélectriques </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 1 article </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 2 médias </span> </a> <a class="list-group-item d-block d-md-flex" title="Classification : Matériaux isolants" href="/classification/techniques/materiaux/types-de-materiaux-et-mise-en-uvre/materiaux-isolants/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Matériaux isolants </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 1 article </span> </a> <a class="list-group-item d-block d-md-flex" title="Classification : Matériaux magnétiques" href="/classification/techniques/materiaux/types-de-materiaux-et-mise-en-uvre/materiaux-magnetiques/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Matériaux magnétiques </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 5 articles </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 25 médias </span> </a> <a class="list-group-item d-block d-md-flex" title="Classification : Matériaux piézo-électriques" href="/classification/techniques/materiaux/types-de-materiaux-et-mise-en-uvre/materiaux-piezo-electriques/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Matériaux piézo-électriques </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 1 article </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 5 médias </span> </a> <a class="list-group-item d-block d-md-flex" title="Classification : Matériaux réfractaires" href="/classification/techniques/materiaux/types-de-materiaux-et-mise-en-uvre/materiaux-refractaires/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Matériaux réfractaires </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 2 articles </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 9 médias </span> </a> <a class="list-group-item d-block d-md-flex" title="Classification : Matériaux supraconducteurs" href="/classification/techniques/materiaux/types-de-materiaux-et-mise-en-uvre/materiaux-supraconducteurs/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Matériaux supraconducteurs </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 4 articles </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 9 médias </span> </a> <a class="list-group-item d-block d-md-flex" title="Classification : Métaux et métallurgie" href="/classification/techniques/materiaux/types-de-materiaux-et-mise-en-uvre/metaux-et-metallurgie/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Métaux et métallurgie </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 6 sous-thèmes </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 90 articles </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 294 médias </span> </a> <a class="list-group-item d-block d-md-flex" title="Classification : Nanomatériaux" href="/classification/techniques/materiaux/types-de-materiaux-et-mise-en-uvre/nanomateriaux/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Nanomatériaux </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 7 articles </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 6 médias </span> </a> <a class="list-group-item d-block d-md-flex" title="Classification : Papier" href="/classification/techniques/materiaux/types-de-materiaux-et-mise-en-uvre/papier/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Papier </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 8 articles </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 2 médias </span> </a> <a class="list-group-item d-block d-md-flex" title="Classification : Polymères" href="/classification/techniques/materiaux/types-de-materiaux-et-mise-en-uvre/polymeres/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Polymères </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 2 sous-thèmes </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 11 articles </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 13 médias </span> </a> <a class="list-group-item d-block d-md-flex" title="Classification : Quasicristaux" href="/classification/techniques/materiaux/types-de-materiaux-et-mise-en-uvre/quasicristaux/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Quasicristaux </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 4 articles </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 3 médias </span> </a> <a class="list-group-item d-block d-md-flex" title="Classification : Semiconducteurs" href="/classification/techniques/materiaux/types-de-materiaux-et-mise-en-uvre/semiconducteurs/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Semiconducteurs </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 3 articles </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 3 médias </span> </a> <a class="list-group-item d-block d-md-flex" title="Classification : Textiles" href="/classification/techniques/materiaux/types-de-materiaux-et-mise-en-uvre/textiles/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Textiles </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 2 sous-thèmes </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 13 articles </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 4 médias </span> </a> <a class="list-group-item d-block d-md-flex" title="Classification : Verres" href="/classification/techniques/materiaux/types-de-materiaux-et-mise-en-uvre/verres/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Verres </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 4 articles </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 9 médias </span> </a> </div> </section> <section class="mb-5"> <i id="classification-articles" class="anchor"></i> <h2 class="minor"> Articles </h2> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/borophene/"> <span class="rg">BOROPHÈNE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Bernard PIRE</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">990 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 média </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : BOROPH&Egrave;NE" href="/encyclopedie/borophene/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Fabrication d’une couche de borophène - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/3/b/csm_de161143_872914da47.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>Le borophène est une feuille de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le bore est l'élément chimique de symbole B et de numéro atomique Z = 5. Bien que sa chimie soit mal connue et en pleine évolution, les emplois de ses dérivés sont anciens, nombreux et importants.. Au début du Moyen Âge, on importait en Europe du borax, venu des Indes, sous des noms (d'origine arabe ?) tels que « tincar », « tinckal »... Vers 1500, ce produit est appelé (or..." title="Article : BORE" href="/encyclopedie/bore/">bore</a> dont l’épaisseur est celle d’un seul <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="L'atome est le terme ultime de la division de la matière dans lequel les éléments chimiques conservent leur individualité. C'est la plus petite particule d'un élément qui existe à l'état libre ou combiné. On connaît 90 éléments naturels auxquels s'ajoutent le technétium (Tc, Z = 43), le prométhéum (Pm, Z = 61) ainsi que les transuraniens obtenus artificiellement ..." title="Article : ATOME" href="/encyclopedie/atome/">atome</a>. Comme le <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le graphène est un cristal constitué d'un unique plan d' atomes de carbone répartis régulièrement sur un réseau hexagonal en forme de nid d'abeilles. Il constitue la brique élémentaire de nombreuses autres formes (allotropes) du carbone : le graphite est un empilement tridimensionnel (3D) de feuilles de graphène (2D) ; les nanotubes de carbone en sont la forme enroulée ..." title="Article : GRAPHÈNE" href="/encyclopedie/graphene/">graphène</a> à base de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le carbone est l'élément chimique non métallique de symbole C et de numéro atomique 6. Il est présent dans de nombreux composés naturels : gaz carbonique de l'atmosphère, roches calcaires , combustibles (gaz, pétrole, charbons minéraux). C'est de plus un constituant fondamental de la matière vivante. Par la photosynthèse , les plantes convertissent le gaz carbonique de l'air en hyd..." title="Article : CARBONE" href="/encyclopedie/carbone/">carbone</a>, sa structure bidimensionnelle en fait un matériau de choix pour de futures applications tirant parti de ses remarquables propriétés électroniques. Mais, contrairement au graphène...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/cristaux-synthese-des-cristaux/"> <span class="rg">CRISTAUX - </span><span class="rm">Synthèse des cristaux</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Yves GAUTIER</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">6 273 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">2 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : CRISTAUX - Synth&egrave;se des cristaux" href="/encyclopedie/cristaux-synthese-des-cristaux/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Quartz artificiel - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/9/c/csm_v100181a_3c0e877075.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Tenter d'imiter les plus belles pierres naturelles est un art ancien : Pline l'Ancien (23-79), dans son <em>Histoire naturelle</em> mentionnait déjà la fabrication des doublets (deux pierres ou verres accolés) pour ressembler aux <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Les gemmes sont des minéraux que l'on taille et polit pour les usages de la bijouterie, de la joaillerie et de l'orfèvrerie précieuse. Pour être gemme, un minéral doit réunir diverses qualités : beauté, dureté, inaltérabilité. La beauté est évidemment conditionnée par des critères subjectifs déterminant la sélection de la matière première brute destinée à la taille. Mais le..." title="Article : GEMMES" href="/encyclopedie/gemmes/">gemmes</a> les plus convoitées. L'alchimie occidentale est florissante...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/diamant/"> <span class="rg">DIAMANT</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">René COUTY</span> , <span rel="author">Yves GAUTIER</span> et <span rel="author">Henri-Jean SCHUBNEL</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">4 364 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">9 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : DIAMANT" href="/encyclopedie/diamant/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Diamant - crédits : C. Bevilacqua/ De Agostini/ Getty Images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/d/3/csm_ph00i007_7f95c47846.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>Connu en Inde dès la fin du II<sup>e</sup> millénaire avant J.-C., le diamant est le plus dur des matériaux connus. Cette dureté exceptionnelle en fait l'un des minéraux les plus recherchés et les plus prestigieux. Deux types d'utilisation permettent de distinguer le diamant de joaillerie et le diamant industriel....</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/graphyne/"> <span class="rg">GRAPHYNE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Bernard PIRE</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">315 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 média </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : GRAPHYNE" href="/encyclopedie/graphyne/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Graphène et graphyne - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/5/8/csm_de120434_ac3362733b.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>Depuis 2004, les graphènes passionnent les physiciens pour leurs propriétés remarquables. Ces feuilles de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le carbone est l'élément chimique non métallique de symbole C et de numéro atomique 6. Il est présent dans de nombreux composés naturels : gaz carbonique de l'atmosphère, roches calcaires , combustibles (gaz, pétrole, charbons minéraux). C'est de plus un constituant fondamental de la matière vivante. Par la photosynthèse , les plantes convertissent le gaz carbonique de l'air en hyd..." title="Article : CARBONE" href="/encyclopedie/carbone/">carbone</a> faites d'une unique couche d'atomes ont une structure en nid-d'abeilles et leurs caractéristiques électroniques et mécaniques très particulières en font un matériau plein d'avenir....</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/gutta-percha/"> <span class="rg">GUTTA-PERCHA</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Bernard CARTON</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">194 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Matériau jaunâtre ou brunâtre, ayant l'apparence du cuir, la gutta-percha provient du <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="On désigne sous le nom de latex des émulsions aqueuses naturelles d'origine végétale, ayant l'aspect du lait.. Elles sont caractéristiques d'un certain nombre de familles possédant des formations sécrétrices spéciales, les canaux laticifères. Certains latex ont un intérêt pharmacologique ou industriel.. Les composées liguliflores (pissenlit, laitue) laissent s'écouler un latex blanc ..." title="Article : LATEX" href="/encyclopedie/latex/">latex</a> de certains arbres de Malaisie, du Pacifique Sud et d'Amérique du Sud, en particulier <em>Pallaquium oblongifolia</em> et, jadis, <em>P. gutta</em>. Pour recueillir le latex, on abat l'arbre et on découpe des anneaux...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/luminescence/"> <span class="rg">LUMINESCENCE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Séverine MARTRENCHARD-BARRA</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">3 913 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">6 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : LUMINESCENCE" href="/encyclopedie/luminescence/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Bioluminescence - crédits : Visual China Group/ Getty Images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/4/a/csm_ph140514_a5d55d7646.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>La <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="On peut imaginer que, de tout temps , les hommes se sont intéressés à la lumière, celle du soleil qui éclaire et chauffe, puis celle domestiquée du feu. Indispensable à la perception du monde qui nous entoure, source d'énergie et de vie, messagère des informations les plus lointaines qui nous parviennent du fond de l' Univers , la lumière possède de multiples facettes.. En vingt-ci..." title="Article : LUMIÈRE" href="/encyclopedie/lumiere/">lumière</a> visible est l’un des principaux outils qui nous permettent d’appréhender le monde, car la façon dont elle interagit avec la matière est riche d’informations. </p><p>La luminescence est un phénomène lié à cette interaction lumière-matière. Elle est observée lorsqu’un « objet » – au sens...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/physique-et-chimie-des-hautes-pressions/"> <span class="rg">PRESSIONS </span><span class="pc">PHYSIQUE & CHIMIE DES HAUTES</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Bernard LE NEINDRE</span> , <span rel="author">Boris OKSENGORN</span> , <span rel="author">Jacques ROMAND</span> et <span rel="author">Boris VODAR</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">5 490 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">4 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : PRESSIONS PHYSIQUE &amp; CHIMIE DES HAUTES" href="/encyclopedie/physique-et-chimie-des-hautes-pressions/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Cellule à enclumes de diamant - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/3/1/csm_v180956_cc58fc943c.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> La pression est une grandeur définie comme le quotient d'une force par l'aire de la surface sur laquelle elle s'exerce ; sa valeur s'exprime en pascal (Pa) : 1 Pa = 1 N . m<sup>−2</sup>. Comme le pascal est une très petite unité, on utilise souvent ses multiples : l'hectopascal,...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/physico-chimie-des-hautes-temperatures/"> <span class="rg">TEMPÉRATURES </span><span class="pc">PHYSICO-CHIMIE DES HAUTES</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">François CABANNES</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">3 831 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">11 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : TEMP&Eacute;RATURES PHYSICO-CHIMIE DES HAUTES" href="/encyclopedie/physico-chimie-des-hautes-temperatures/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Four de fusion à induction - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/4/9/csm_v150158b_e37c0d7194.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>On considère généralement que les recherches physico-chimiques aux hautes températures ont débuté à la fin du <span class="pc">xix</span><sup>e</sup> siècle, lorsque Paul-Gabriel Hautefeuille et A. Perrey déterminèrent les points de fusion des silicates, vers 1 000 <sup>0</sup>C, et surtout lorsque <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de HENRI MOISSAN (1852-1907). Chimiste français, né et mort à Paris, qui reçut en 1906 le prix Nobel de chimie pour ses travaux sur l'isolement du fluor et pour la réalisation du four électrique qui porte son nom. Après des études au Muséum d'histoire naturelle et à l'école de pharmacie de Paris, Henri Moissan devient professeur de toxicologie (1886) et de chimie minérale ..." title="Article : HENRI MOISSAN (1852-1907)" href="/encyclopedie/henri-moissan/">Henri Moissan</a>, en 1897, inventa...</p> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="row"> <div class="col mt-3"> </div> </div> </section> <section class="mb-5"> <i id="classification-medias" class="anchor"></i> <h2 class="minor"> Médias </h2> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V220259D" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Carbures : points de fusion" href="/media/carbures-points-de-fusion-v220259d/"> <img id="V220259D" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/f/6/csm_v220259d_142eb424bd.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Carbures : points de fusion - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Points de fusion des carbures (en 0C)." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="208" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Carbures : points de fusion </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="TA071136" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Diamants célèbres" href="/media/diamants-celebres-ta071136/"> <img id="TA071136" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/9/4/csm_ta071136_c4f60f8a86.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Diamants célèbres - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Les neuf plus gros diamants trouvés dans le monde. Tous sont incolores (dits blancs), à l'exception de l'Incomparable et du Golden Jubilee qui sont de couleur brun jaune. 1 carat [ct] = 2 dg." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="1163" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Diamants célèbres </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH110072" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Graphène : vue d'artiste" href="/media/graphene-vue-dartiste-ph110072/"> <img id="PH110072" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/0/b/csm_ph110072_5fd2bfc276.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Graphène : vue d'artiste - crédits : J. Meyer/ University of Manchester" data-description="Le graphène apparaît comme un feuillet d'atomes de carbone dont la cohésion serait assurée par l'ondulation de sa surface. Lorsque des molécules organiques se fixent à ce réseau hexagonal, celui-ci s'en trouve dopé, ce qui modifie ses propriétés et ouvre la voie à de nombreuses applications." data-copyright="J. Meyer/ University of Manchester" width="607" height="800" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Graphène : vue d'artiste </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> J. 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