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<div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu nagusia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nabigazioa </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Azala" title="Azala bisitatu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Azala</span></a></li><li id="n-Txikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txikipedia:Azala"><span>Txikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Ikusgela" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela"><span>Ikusgela</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Txokoa" title="Proiektuaren inguruan, zer egin dezakezu, non aurkitu nahi duzuna"><span>Txokoa</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:AzkenAldaketak" title="Wikiko azken aldaketen zerrenda. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Ureztatze" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Ureztatze" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Ureztatze" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Ureztatze" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Eremua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eremua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Eremua</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Eremua-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Eremua azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Eremua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ikuspegi_orokorra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikuspegi_orokorra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ikuspegi orokorra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikuspegi_orokorra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Laboreen_adibide-balioak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Laboreen_adibide-balioak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Laboreen adibide-balioak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Laboreen_adibide-balioak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Historia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antzinako_historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antzinako_historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Antzinako historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antzinako_historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sri_Lanka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sri_Lanka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Sri Lanka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sri_Lanka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Txina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Txina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Txina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Txina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ipar_Amerika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ipar_Amerika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Ipar Amerika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ipar_Amerika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hego_Amerika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hego_Amerika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>Hego Amerika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hego_Amerika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ureztatze_motak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ureztatze_motak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ureztatze motak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ureztatze_motak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Ureztatze motak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ureztatze_motak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gainazaleko_ureztaketa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gainazaleko_ureztaketa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Gainazaleko ureztaketa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gainazaleko_ureztaketa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mikro-ureztaketa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mikro-ureztaketa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Mikro-ureztaketa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mikro-ureztaketa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ihinztagailu_bidezko_ureztaketa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ihinztagailu_bidezko_ureztaketa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Ihinztagailu bidezko ureztaketa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ihinztagailu_bidezko_ureztaketa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lur_azpiko_ureztaketa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lur_azpiko_ureztaketa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Lur azpiko ureztaketa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lur_azpiko_ureztaketa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ureztaketarako_funtsezko_faktoreak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ureztaketarako_funtsezko_faktoreak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ureztaketarako funtsezko faktoreak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ureztaketarako_funtsezko_faktoreak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Ureztaketarako funtsezko faktoreak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ureztaketarako_funtsezko_faktoreak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lurzorua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lurzorua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Lurzorua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lurzorua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Topografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Topografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Propietate_fisikoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propietate_fisikoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Propietate fisikoak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Propietate_fisikoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Propietate_kimikoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propietate_kimikoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Propietate kimikoak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Propietate_kimikoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Ura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Kultura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ur_iturriak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ur_iturriak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ur iturriak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ur_iturriak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iturriak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iturriak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Iturriak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iturriak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ureztatze</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 110 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-110" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">110 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besproeiing" title="Besproeiing – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Besproeiing" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bew%C3%A4sserung" title="Bewässerung – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bewässerung" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regano" title="Regano – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Regano" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A_(%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9)" title="ري (زراعة) – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ري (زراعة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%89" title="رى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8" title="জলসিঞ্চন – assamera" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জলসিঞ্চন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riegu" title="Riegu – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Riegu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suvarma" title="Suvarma – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Suvarma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7" title="سووارما – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سووارما" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D1%83%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%83" title="Һуғарыу – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һуғарыу" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wassan" title="Wassan – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Wassan" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Арашэнне – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Арашэнне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Абвадненьне – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Абвадненьне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Напояване – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Напояване" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9A" title="সেচ – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সেচ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doura%C3%B1" title="Dourañ – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dourañ" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navodnjavanje" title="Navodnjavanje – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Navodnjavanje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Уһажуулга – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Уһажуулга" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regadiu" title="Regadiu – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Regadiu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ئاودێری – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاودێری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zavla%C5%BEov%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Zavlažování – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zavlažování" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyfrhau" title="Dyfrhau – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dyfrhau" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunstvanding" title="Kunstvanding – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kunstvanding" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bew%C3%A4sserung" title="Bewässerung – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bewässerung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku%C9%9Br%C3%AByor" title="Kuɛrëyor – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Kuɛrëyor" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Άρδευση – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άρδευση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Irrigation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irigacio" title="Irigacio – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Irigacio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riego" title="Riego – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Riego" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niisutus" title="Niisutus – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Niisutus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="آبیاری – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آبیاری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keinokastelu" title="Keinokastelu – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Keinokastelu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Irrigation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yrrigaasje" title="Yrrigaasje – mendebaldeko frisiera" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Yrrigaasje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="mendebaldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uisci%C3%BA" title="Uisciú – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Uisciú" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigaci%C3%B3n" title="Irrigación – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Irrigación" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%94" title="השקיה – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="השקיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="सिंचाई – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सिंचाई" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sichaai" title="Sichaai – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Sichaai" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navodnjavanje" title="Navodnjavanje – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Navodnjavanje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96nt%C3%B6z%C3%A9s" title="Öntözés – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Öntözés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D5%BC%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Ոռոգում – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ոռոգում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irigasi" title="Irigasi – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Irigasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panagsibog" title="Panagsibog – ilocanoera" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Panagsibog" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irigaco" title="Irigaco – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Irigaco" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81veita" title="Áveita – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Áveita" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigazione" title="Irrigazione – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Irrigazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%8C%E6%BC%91" title="灌漑 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="灌漑" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irigasi" title="Irigasi – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Irigasi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ირიგაცია – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ირიგაცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Суармалау – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Суармалау" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF" title="ನೀರಾವರಿ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನೀರಾವರಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B4%80%EA%B0%9C" title="관개 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="관개" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dowrheans" title="Dowrheans – kornubiera" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Dowrheans" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornubiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Сугат – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Сугат" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inrigatio" title="Inrigatio – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Inrigatio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigatie" title="Irrigatie – limburgera" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Irrigatie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C4%97kinimas" title="Drėkinimas – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Drėkinimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%C5%ABde%C5%86o%C5%A1ana" title="Apūdeņošana – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Apūdeņošana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitarihan-drano" title="Fitarihan-drano – malgaxea" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fitarihan-drano" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Наводнување – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Наводнување" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="ജലസേചനം – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജലസേചനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Усжуулалт – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Усжуулалт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="जलसिंचन पद्धती – marathera" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जलसिंचन पद्धती" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengairan" title="Pengairan – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pengairan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%96%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဆည်မြောင်းဖောက်လုပ်ခြင်း – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆည်မြောင်းဖောက်လုပ်ခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bewatern" title="Bewatern – behe-alemana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bewatern" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="behe-alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="ह्वज्या – newarera" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ह्वज्या" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigatie" title="Irrigatie – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Irrigatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatning" title="Vatning – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vatning" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanning" title="Vanning – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vanning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigacion" title="Irrigacion – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Irrigacion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88" title="ਸਿੰਚਾਈ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਿੰਚਾਈ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irygacja_(rolnictwo)" title="Irygacja (rolnictwo) – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Irygacja (rolnictwo)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="آبپاشی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آبپاشی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1_(%D9%BE%DA%BC%D9%87_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84)" title="اوبه خور (پڼه کول) – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اوبه خور (پڼه کول)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irriga%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Irrigação – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Irrigação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parquy" title="Parquy – kitxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Parquy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kitxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iriga%C8%9Bie" title="Irigație – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Irigație" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Орошение – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Орошение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A" title="آبپاشي – sindhia" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آبپاشي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navodnjavanje" title="Navodnjavanje – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Navodnjavanje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA" title="වාරි කර්මාන්තය – sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වාරි කර්මාන්තය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Irrigation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zavla%C5%BEovanie" title="Zavlažovanie – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zavlažovanie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="آبپاشی – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="آبپاشی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namakanje" title="Namakanje – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Namakanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waraabka" title="Waraabka – somaliera" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Waraabka" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujitja" title="Ujitja – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ujitja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Наводњавање – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Наводњавање" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irigasi" title="Irigasi – sundanera" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Irigasi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstbevattning" title="Konstbevattning – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Konstbevattning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umwagiliaji" title="Umwagiliaji – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Umwagiliaji" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="நீர்ப்பாசனம் – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நீர்ப்பாசனம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81" title="సాగునీరు – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సాగునీరు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ชลประทาน – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชลประทาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patubig" title="Patubig – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Patubig" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulama" title="Sulama – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sulama" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83" title="Сугару – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сугару" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Іригація – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іригація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="آبپاشی – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آبپاشی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sug%CA%BBorish" title="Sugʻorish – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sugʻorish" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7y_l%E1%BB%A3i" title="Thủy lợi – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thủy lợi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raiwaedje" title="Raiwaedje – valoniera" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Raiwaedje" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patubig" title="Patubig – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Patubig" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%8C%E6%BA%89" title="灌溉 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="灌溉" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92" title="באוואסערונג – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="באוואסערונג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%8C%E6%BA%89" title="灌溉 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="灌溉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ak-chh%C3%A2n" title="Ak-chhân – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ak-chhân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B7%8B%E6%B0%B4" title="淋水 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="淋水" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11453#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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artikuluen zerrendaren parte da"><img alt="Artikulu hau Wikipedia guztiek izan beharreko artikuluen zerrendaren parte da" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/20px-Wikipedia-1000.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/30px-Wikipedia-1000.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/40px-Wikipedia-1000.png 2x" data-file-width="1122" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:M%C3%A9todos_de_riego.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/M%C3%A9todos_de_riego.svg/300px-M%C3%A9todos_de_riego.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/M%C3%A9todos_de_riego.svg/450px-M%C3%A9todos_de_riego.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/M%C3%A9todos_de_riego.svg/600px-M%C3%A9todos_de_riego.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="917" data-file-height="368" /></a><figcaption><b>Ureztatze</b> metodo batzuk.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ureztatzea</b> (<b>ureztaketa</b>, <b>ureztapena</b>) edo <b>garaztatzea</b> <a href="/wiki/Lurzoru" title="Lurzoru">lurzoruari</a> <a href="/wiki/Ur" title="Ur">ura</a> artifizialki gehitzea da. <a href="/wiki/Nekazaritza" title="Nekazaritza">Nekazaritzan</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Lorezaintza" title="Lorezaintza">lorezaintzan</a> erabiltzen da gehienbat, <a href="/wiki/Nekazaritza" title="Nekazaritza">laboreen</a> hazkundea azkartu eta handitzeko, <a href="/wiki/Lorategi" title="Lorategi">lorategietako</a> landareak berde mantentzeko eta, oro har, <a href="/wiki/Paisaia" title="Paisaia">paisaiak</a> mantentzeko, leheneratutako lurrak landarez azkarrago hornitzeko, landareak izoztetik babesteko, eta beste hainbat jardueretarako. Ureztatzearen aldean, <a href="/wiki/Euri" title="Euri">euriak</a> ekarritako hezetasunean oinarritutako nekazaritzari <a href="/wiki/Lehorreko_nekazaritza" title="Lehorreko nekazaritza">lehorreko nekazaritza</a> deritzo. </p><p>Ureztatzea nekazaritzaren funtsezko alderdia izan da duela 5.000 urte baino gehiagotik, eta mundu osoko kultura askok garatu dute. Ureztatzeak lagundu egiten du lurra lantzen, paisaiak mantentzen eta eremu lehorretan eta eurite ertaineko garaietan lurzoru nahasiak landarez ornitzen. Erabilera horiez gain, laboreak <a href="/wiki/Izotz" title="Izotz">izotzetatik</a> babesteko<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Zereal" title="Zereal">zereal</a>-soroetako sasien hazkuntza eragozteko eta lurzoruaren sendotzea aurreikusteko ere erabiltzen da ureztatzea. <a href="/wiki/Abere" title="Abere">Ganadua</a> <a href="/wiki/Hozketa" title="Hozketa">hozteko</a>, hautsa gutxitzeko, hondakin-urak kentzeko eta <a href="/wiki/Meatzaritza" title="Meatzaritza">meatze</a>-lanetan laguntzeko ere erabiltzen da. Leku jakin bateko azaleko eta azpi-azaleko urak kentzea dakar <a href="/wiki/Drainatze" title="Drainatze">drainatzeak</a>, eta, askotan, ureztatzearekin batera aztertzen da. </p><p>Ureztatzeko hainbat metodo daude, eta landareak urez hornitzeko moduan bereizten dira. Gainazaleko ureztapena, grabitate bidezko ureztapena izenez ere ezaguna, ureztatzeko modurik zaharrena da, eta milaka urtetan erabili izan da. <a href="/wiki/Ihinztagailu" title="Ihinztagailu">Ihinztadura</a> bidezko ureztaketan, ura zelai barruko leku zentral batera edo gehiagora joaten da, eta presio handiko ur-gailuen bidez banatzen da. Mikro-ureztatzean, ura, behe-presiopean, hodi-sare baten bidez banatzen da, eta deskarga txiki gisa aplikatzen du landare bakoitzean. Ihinztadura bidezko ureztaketak baino presio eta ur-fluxu gutxiago erabiltzen du mikro-ureztatzeak. Tantakako ureztapenak landareetako sustrai-eremuari ura ematen dio, zuzenean. Azpi-irrigazioa urte askoan erabili izan da ur-geruza freatiko altuak dituzten eremuetako soroetan. Horretarako, ur-geruza freatikoa artifizialki altxatu behar da landareen sustrai-eremuaren azpiko lurzorua hezetzeko. </p><p>Ureztatzeko ura etor daiteke: <a href="/wiki/Lurpeko_ura" title="Lurpeko ura">lurpeko uretatik</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iturburu" title="Iturburu">iturburu</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Putzu" title="Putzu">putzuetatik</a>), azaleko uretatik (<a href="/wiki/Ibai" title="Ibai">ibai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aintzira" title="Aintzira">aintzira</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Urtegi" title="Urtegi">urtegietatik</a>) edo iturri ez-konbentzionaletatik, hala nola tratatutako <a href="/wiki/Ur_zikin" title="Ur zikin">hondakin-urak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gatzgabetze" title="Gatzgabetze">ur gatzgabetua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drainatze" title="Drainatze">drainatze-ura</a> edo laino-bilketa. Ureztapena euriaren osagarri izan daiteke, ohikoa baita munduko leku askotan lehor-nekazaritzarako, edo ureztatze osoa izan daiteke, non laboreak oso gutxitan egoten diren euriaren edozein ekarpenen menpe. Ureztatze osoa ez da hain ohikoa, eta eurite oso txikiak dituzten paisaia idorretan soilik ematen da, edo laboreak urtaro euritsuetatik kanpoko eremu erdi idorretan landatzen direnean. </p><p>Ureztapenaren ingurumen-ondorioak hauek dira: ureztapenaren ondorioz <a href="/wiki/Lurzoru" title="Lurzoru">lurzoruaren</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ur" title="Ur">uraren</a> kantitatean eta kalitatean gertatzen diren aldaketak eta <a href="/wiki/Arro_hidrografiko" title="Arro hidrografiko">ibai-arroen</a> eta ureztatze-mailatik beherago diren uren baldintza naturaletan eta sozialetan izaten diren ondorioak. Ondorioak datoz ureztatze-sistemaren instalazioak eta funtzionamenduak eragiten duen baldintza <a href="/wiki/Hidrologia" title="Hidrologia">hidrologikoetatik</a>. Arazo horietako batzuen artean dago lur azpiko <a href="/wiki/Akuifero" title="Akuifero">akuiferoak</a> agortzea, gehiegizko ustiapena dela eta. Lurzorua gehiegi ureztatu daiteke banaketaren uniformetasun edo gestioarengatik txarragatik, eta horrek ura edo produktu kimikoak alferrik galtzea eta <a href="/wiki/Uraren_kutsadura" title="Uraren kutsadura">Uraren kutsadura</a> ekar lezake. Gehiegizko ureztatzeak <a href="/wiki/Drainatze" title="Drainatze">drainatze</a> sakona eragin dezake <a href="/wiki/Maila_freatiko" title="Maila freatiko">maila freatikoen</a> handitzeagatik, eta ureztatze-<a href="/wiki/Gazitasun" title="Gazitasun">gazitasuneko</a> arazoak eragin ditzake. Arazo horiek maila freatikoaren kontrola eskatzen dute, lurpeko drainatze baten bidez. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eremua">Eremua</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Eremua»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Eremua"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Share_of_agricultural_land_which_is_irrigated,_OWID.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Share_of_agricultural_land_which_is_irrigated%2C_OWID.svg/220px-Share_of_agricultural_land_which_is_irrigated%2C_OWID.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Share_of_agricultural_land_which_is_irrigated%2C_OWID.svg/330px-Share_of_agricultural_land_which_is_irrigated%2C_OWID.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Share_of_agricultural_land_which_is_irrigated%2C_OWID.svg/440px-Share_of_agricultural_land_which_is_irrigated%2C_OWID.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Nekazaritza-lur ureztatuen kuota (2015)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Area_Equipped_For_Irrigation_By_Region.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Area_Equipped_For_Irrigation_By_Region.svg/220px-Area_Equipped_For_Irrigation_By_Region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Area_Equipped_For_Irrigation_By_Region.svg/330px-Area_Equipped_For_Irrigation_By_Region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Area_Equipped_For_Irrigation_By_Region.svg/440px-Area_Equipped_For_Irrigation_By_Region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption>Ureztatzeko hornitutako eremua, eskualdearen arabera.</figcaption></figure> <p>2000. urtean, lur emankorra 2.788.000 km<sup>2</sup>-koa zen, eta, mundu osoan, ureztatzeko azpiegituraz orniturik zegoen. Eremu horren % 68 inguru <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asian</a> dago; % 17 <a href="/wiki/Amerika" title="Amerika">Ameriketan</a>; % 9 <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europan</a>; % 5 <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrikan</a>, eta % 1 <a href="/wiki/Ozeania" title="Ozeania">Ozeanian</a>. Ureztatze-dentsitate handiko albo-eremurik handienak daude: <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indiako</a> iparraldean eta ekialdean; <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistanen</a> <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Indus" title="Indus">Indus</a> ibaien luzeran zehar; Txinako Hai He, <a href="/wiki/Ibai_Horia" title="Ibai Horia">Huang He</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ibai_Urdina" title="Ibai Urdina">Yangtze</a> arroetan; <a href="/wiki/Egipto" title="Egipto">Egipton</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudanen</a> <a href="/wiki/Nilo" title="Nilo">Nilo</a> ibaiaren luzeran zehar, eta <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_(ibaia)" title="Mississippi (ibaia)">Mississippi</a>-<a href="/wiki/Missouri_(ibaia)" title="Missouri (ibaia)">Missouri</a> ibaien arroetan, <a href="/wiki/Hegoaldeko_Lautada_Handia" title="Hegoaldeko Lautada Handia">Hegoaldeko Lautada Handietan</a>, eta <a href="/wiki/Kalifornia" title="Kalifornia">Kaliforniako</a> zati batzuetan <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">Estatu Batuetan</a>. Ureztatzeko eremurik txikienak munduko ia herri populatu guztietan daude<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>2012an, ureztatze-eremua 3.242.917 km<sup>2</sup>-ra handitu zen, ia Indiaren tamaina dena<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Nekazaritza-lurren % 20 ureztatzeak dakar elikagai-ekoizpenaren % 40<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ikuspegi_orokorra">Ikuspegi orokorra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikuspegi orokorra»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Ikuspegi orokorra"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ureztatze-eskala izugarri handitu zen XX. mendean. 1800ean, 8 milioi <a href="/wiki/Hektarea" title="Hektarea">hektarea</a> ureztatzen ziren mundu osoan; 1950ean, 94 milioi hektarea; eta 1990ean, 235 milioi hektarea. 1990ean, munduko elikagaien ekoizpenaren % 30 ureztatutako lurretatik zetorren<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNeill2000180–181_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNeill2000180–181-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Mundu osoko ureztatze-teknikek barne hartzen dituzte gainazaleko ura birbideratzen<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNeill2000174_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNeill2000174-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeterson2016_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson2016-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lurpeko ura ponpatzen eta urtegietako ura desbideratzen duten kanalak. Estatuetako gobernuek ureztatze sistema gehienak zuzentzen dituzte beren mugen barruan, baina inbertitzaile pribatuek<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNeill2000153_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNeill2000153-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eta beste estatu batzuek<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeterson2016_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson2016-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, bereziki <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">Estatu Batuek</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEkbladh2002pp.337_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEkbladh2002pp.337-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Txinako_Herri_Errepublika" title="Txinako Herri Errepublika">Txinak</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBosshard2009_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBosshard2009-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. eta <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europako</a> estatu batzuek, hala nola <a href="/wiki/Erresuma_Batua" title="Erresuma Batua">Erresuma Batuak</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNeill2000169-170_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNeill2000169-170-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, beste nazio batzuen barruan ere finantzatzen eta antolatzen dituzte plan batzuk. </p><p>2021ean, ureztatzeko hornitutako munduko lur-azalera 352 milioi <a href="/wiki/Hektarea" title="Hektarea">hektareakoa</a> zen, 2000. urtean hornitutako 289 milioi hektareen % 22ko gehikuntza, eta 1960ko hamarkadan hornitutako lur-azaleraren bikoitza baino gehiago. Gehienak Asian daude (% 70), non ureztapena iraultza berdearen funtsezko osagaia izan baitzen; Amerikak % 16 dira, eta Europa, berriz, munduko ureztapen guztien % 8 da. Indiak (76 milioi <a href="/wiki/Hektarea" title="Hektarea">ha</a>) eta Txinak (75 milioi) dute ureztatzeko hornitutako azalerarik handiena, AEBren (27 milioi) oso aurretik. Txinak eta Indiak eremu handienak ere ekipatu dituzte 2000 eta 2020ren artean (+21 milioi ha Txinak eta +15 milioi ha Indiak). Eskualde guztiek izan zituzten gorakadak ureztatzeko ekipatutako eremutan; Afrika izan zen azkarrago hazi zena (+% 29), eta, ondoren, Asia (+% 25), Ozeania (+% 24), Amerika (+% 19) eta Europa (+% 2)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Ureztatzeak labore gehiago ekoizteko aukera ematen du, batez ere oinarrizkoak diren produktuak eta beste modura sostengatu ezingo lituzketen eremuetan. Herrialdeek ureztatzeko inbertsioak egin zituzten sarri <a href="/wiki/Gari" title="Gari">gariaren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arroz" title="Arroz">arrozaren</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Kotoi" title="Kotoi">kotoiaren</a> ekoizpena handitzeko, askotan autosufizientzia handitzeko helburu orokorrarekin<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNeill2000169-170_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNeill2000169-170-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Laboreen_adibide-balioak">Laboreen adibide-balioak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Laboreen adibide-balioak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Laboreen adibide-balioak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Urtaroko laboreen ur-premien gutxi gorabeherako balioak<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Laboreak </th> <th>Laborantzako ur-premiak (mm/laborantza aldi osorako) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Azukre-kanabera </td> <td>1500–2500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Platanoa </td> <td>1200–2200 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zitrikoak </td> <td>900–1200 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Patata </td> <td>500–700 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tomatea </td> <td>400–800 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Garagarra/oloa/garia </td> <td>450–650 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Aza </td> <td>350–500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tipula </td> <td>350–550 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ilarra </td> <td>350–500 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antzinako_historia">Antzinako historia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Antzinako historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Antzinako historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:David_Roberts_ancient_fountain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/David_Roberts_ancient_fountain.jpg/170px-David_Roberts_ancient_fountain.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/David_Roberts_ancient_fountain.jpg/255px-David_Roberts_ancient_fountain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/David_Roberts_ancient_fountain.jpg/340px-David_Roberts_ancient_fountain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1084" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Animalien bidezko ureztatzea, Goi Egipto, K.a. 1846</figcaption></figure> <p>Ureztatzea nekazaritzaren funtsezko elementuetako bat izan da 5.000 urtez, eta <a href="/wiki/Zibilizazio" title="Zibilizazio">zibilizazio</a> askoren ekonomiaren oinarria izan da. </p><p>K.a. 5000. urtearen inguruan, <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eufrates" title="Eufrates">Eufrates</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Nilo" title="Nilo">Nilo</a> ibai eta <a href="/wiki/Mediterraneoa" title="Mediterraneoa">Mediterraneo</a> ekialdeko nekazariek lurrak lantzeko arazoak zituzten lehorteak zirela medio. Orduan, soroak ureztatzeko, <a href="/wiki/Ubide" title="Ubide">ubideak</a> induska zituzten haien soroetara ura eramateko. </p><p>Ikerketa arkeologikoak ureztatze-zantzuak aurkitu ditu prezipitazio natural nahikorik ez zuten eremuetan lehorreko nekazaritza laboreak lortzeko. Teknologiaren lehen erabilera ezagunetako batzuk K.a. 6. milurtekoak dira, <a href="/wiki/Khuzestan" title="Khuzestan">Khuzestanen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> hego-mendebaldean<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Choga Mami lekuak, egungo <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Iraken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Irango</a> mugan, K.a. 6000 inguruan martxan zegoen lehen ureztatze ubiderik zaharrena izan litekeena erakusten du<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Ureztatzea ura manipulatzeko bitarteko gisa erabili zen <a href="/wiki/Indus_haraneko_zibilizazioa" title="Indus haraneko zibilizazioa">Indo haraneko zibilizazioaren</a> <a href="/wiki/Alubioi" title="Alubioi">alubioi</a>-lautadetan. Ureztatzea K.a. 4500 urte inguruan hasi zela kalkulatzen da, eta izugarri handitu zituen nekazaritzako kokalekuen tamaina eta oparotasuna<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Indus haraneko zibilizazioak ureztatzeko eta ura biltzeko sistema sofistikatuak garatu zituen, K.a. 3000. urtean datatutako Girnarreko urtegi artifizialak eta K.a. 2600. urte inguruko ubide-ureztatze sistema bat barne. Eskala handiko nekazaritza egiten zen, ureztatzeko erabiltzen ziren ubide sare zabala erabiliz<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamiako_padurak" title="Mesopotamiako padurak">Mesopotamiako lautadako</a> nekazariek, gutxienez, K.a. hirugarren milurtekorako ureztatzea erabiltzen zuten<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ureztatze iraunkorra garatu zuten, hazkuntza denboraldi osoan zehar laboreen ureztatzea doituz, soroan egindako ubide txikien bidez ura pasaraziz<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Antzinako_Egipto" title="Antzinako Egipto">Antzinako egiptoarrek</a> arroak erabiltzen zituzten <a href="/wiki/Nilo" title="Nilo">Niloren</a> uholdeez baliatzeko eta ezpondez inguratutako lur-sailak urez betetzeko. Uholde-urak bertan gelditzen ziren sedimentu emankorra finkatu arte eta ingeniariek soberakina ur-ibilbidera itzuli baino lehen<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ebidentziak daude Antzinako Egiptoko <a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_III.a" title="Amenemhat III.a">Amenemhet III.a</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> faraoiak, hamabigarren dinastiakoa (K.a. 1800 inguruan), Fayum oasiko aintzira naturala ur-soberakinak gordetzeko gordailu gisa erabiltzen zuela urtaro lehorretan erabiltzeko. Niloren uholdeek urtero handitzen zuten aintzira. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Scene_at_Bhimgoda_near_Haridwar_,_February_1847.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Scene_at_Bhimgoda_near_Haridwar_%2C_February_1847.jpg/220px-Scene_at_Bhimgoda_near_Haridwar_%2C_February_1847.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Scene_at_Bhimgoda_near_Haridwar_%2C_February_1847.jpg/330px-Scene_at_Bhimgoda_near_Haridwar_%2C_February_1847.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Scene_at_Bhimgoda_near_Haridwar_%2C_February_1847.jpg/440px-Scene_at_Bhimgoda_near_Haridwar_%2C_February_1847.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3782" data-file-height="2609" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ingeniari" title="Ingeniari">ingeniari</a> gazte batzuek antzinako ureztatze sistema zaharberritzen eta garatzen, <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Inperioa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal Inperioa">Mughalen</a>, 1847an, Mughalgo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahadur_Shah_IIa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahadur Shah IIa (sortu gabe)">Bahadur Shah IIa enperadorearen</a> erregealdian, Indiako azpikontinentean</figcaption></figure> <p>Antzinako <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">nubiarrek</a> irrigazio modu bat garatu zuten «saqiyah» izeneko ur-gurpil baten antzeko gailu bat erabiliz. Ureztatzea Nubian hasi zen K.a. hirugarren eta bigarren milurtekoen artean<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Neurri handi batean, <a href="/wiki/Nilo" title="Nilo">Nilo ibaian</a> eta beste ibai batzuetan, gaur egungo <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudanen</a>, gerta zitekeen uholde-uren mende zegoen<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Saharaz_hegoaldeko_Afrika" title="Saharaz hegoaldeko Afrika">Saharaz hegoaldeko Afrikan</a>, ureztatzea K.a. lehen edo bigarren milurtekoan iritsi zen <a href="/wiki/Niger_(ibaia)" title="Niger (ibaia)">Niger ibaiaren</a> eskualdeko kultura eta zibilizazioetara, eta hezetasun-sasoiko uholdeetan eta ur-bilketan oinarritzen zen<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kolonaurreko_Amerika" title="Kolonaurreko Amerika">Kolonaurreko Amerikan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siriako_historia" title="Siriako historia">Siria goiztiarrean</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Txinako_Herri_Errepublika" title="Txinako Herri Errepublika">Txinan</a>, badaude terrazetako ureztatzea adierazten duten ebidentziak. <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peruko</a> <a href="/wiki/Andeak" title="Andeak">Andeak mendietako</a> Zana Haranean, <a href="/wiki/Arkeologo" title="Arkeologo">arkeologoek</a> hiru ureztatze-<a href="/wiki/Ubide" title="Ubide">ubideren</a> aztarnak aurkitu dituzte, zeinak, <a href="/wiki/Karbono-14" title="Karbono-14">Karbono-14</a> bitartez, K.a. 4. milurtekoko, K.a. 3. milurtekoko eta K.o. IX. mendeko gisa datatu diren. Ubide horiek <a href="/wiki/Mundu_Berria" title="Mundu Berria">Mundu Berriko</a> lehen irrigazio-erregistroa ematen dute. 4. milurtekoko ubidearen azpian, K.a. 5. milurtekoak izan zitezkeen ubide baten arrastoak aurkitu ziren<sup id="cite_ref-:1_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Antzinako Persiak (gaur egun <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>) ureztatzea K.a. VI. mendetik zerabilen, eurite eskaseko eremuetan garagarra landatzeko<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. «<a href="/wiki/Qanat" title="Qanat">Qanat»ak</a> (antzinako Persian, K.a. 800 inguruan garatuak) ezagututako antzinako ureztatze-metodoen artean daude, eta, gaur egun, oraindik ere erabiltzen dira. Gaur egun, <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ekialde_Hurbila" title="Ekialde Hurbila">Ekialde Ertainean</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Iparraldeko_Afrika" title="Iparraldeko Afrika">Afrika iparraldean</a> aurki daitezke. Sistemak putzu bertikalen eta malda leuneko tunelen sare bat du, labarren alboetan eta muino aldapatsuetan zulatuak lurpeko urak probesteko<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Gurpil_handi" title="Gurpil handi">Noria</a>, buztinezko eltzeak dituen ur-gurpil hidraulikoa, errekaren fluxuak bultzatuta (edo animaliek bultzatuta oraindik ur-iturria zegoen lekutan), Afrikako iparraldeko kolono erromatarren artean erabiltzen hasi zen lehen aldiz une hartan. K.a. 150ean, gutxi gorabehera, ontziak balbulekin hornituta zeuden, uretan sartzerakoan leunxeago betetzen joateko<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sri_Lanka">Sri Lanka</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Sri Lanka»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Sri Lanka"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Antzinako Sri Lankako ureztatze-lanak (antzinakoenak K.a. 300 urte ingurukoak, Pandukabhaya erregearen erregealdian eta hurrengo mila urteetan etengabe garatuak) antzinako munduko ureztatze-sistemarik konplexuenetako bat izan ziren. Lur azpiko ubideez gain, <a href="/wiki/Zingales" title="Zingales">zingalesak</a> izan ziren ura gordetzeko urtegi erabat artifizialak egiten lehenak<sup class="Template-Fact" title="erreferentzia behar da pasarte honetan" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Erreferentziak" title="Laguntza:Erreferentziak">[erreferentzia behar]</a></sup>. Urtegi eta ubide-sistema horiek, batez ere, <a href="/wiki/Arroz" title="Arroz">arroz</a> eremuak ureztatzeko erabiltzen ziren, lantzeko ur asko behar baitzuten. Ureztatze sistema horietako gehienak oraindik zutik diraute <a href="/wiki/Anuradhapura" title="Anuradhapura">Anuradhapuran</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonnaruwa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polonnaruwa (sortu gabe)">Polonnaruwan</a>, orduko ingeniaritza aurreratu eta zehatzaren ondorioz. Parakrama Bahu erregearen erregealdian (K.o. 1153–1186), sistema, neurri handi batean, berrezarri eta zabaldu zen<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Txina">Txina</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Txina»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Txina"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Turpan-karez-museo-d02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Turpan-karez-museo-d02.jpg/220px-Turpan-karez-museo-d02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Turpan-karez-museo-d02.jpg/330px-Turpan-karez-museo-d02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Turpan-karez-museo-d02.jpg/440px-Turpan-karez-museo-d02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Turfan" title="Turfan">Turfango</a> ur sistema tunel baten barruan, <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Txinako_Herri_Errepublika" title="Txinako Herri Errepublika">Txina</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Txinan ezagutzen diren ingeniari hidrauliko zaharrenak izan ziren: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunshu_Ao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sunshu Ao (sortu gabe)">Sunshu Ao</a> (K.a. VI. mendea), <a href="/wiki/Udaberri_eta_Udazkenen_garaia" title="Udaberri eta Udazkenen garaia">Udaberri eta Udazken garaikoa</a>, eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ximen_Bao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ximen Bao (sortu gabe)">Ximen Bao</a> (K.a. V. mendea), <a href="/wiki/Erresuma_Borrokalarien_garaia" title="Erresuma Borrokalarien garaia">Erresuma Borrokalarien garaikoa</a>, biak ureztatze proiektu handietan lan egin zutenak. <a href="/wiki/Txinako_historia" title="Txinako historia">Antzinako Txinako</a> Qin estatuko <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> eskualdean, Qin Li Bing hidrologo eta ingeniari txinatarrak asmatutako <a href="/wiki/Dujiangyan_ureztatze_sistema" title="Dujiangyan ureztatze sistema">Dujiangyango ureztatze-sistema</a> K.a. 256. urtean eraiki zen nekazaritza-lurren eremu zabal bat ureztatzeko, eta, gaur egun, oraindik urez hornitzen du<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. K.o. II. mendean, <a href="/wiki/Han_dinastia" title="Han dinastia">Han dinastian</a>, txinatarrek ura goragune baxuago batetik altuago batera igotzen zuten kate-bonbak erabiliz<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Horiek, eskuzko pedalez, gurpil hidraulikoz edo <a href="/wiki/Idi" title="Idi">idiekin</a> tiratutako gurpil mekaniko birakariez bultzatuak ziren<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ura herri-lanetarako, hiri-egoitzetarako eta jauregiko lorategietarako erabiltzen zen, baina, batez ere, ureztatzeko landa-eremuetako nekazaritzarako ubideetarako<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Korea">Korea</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Korea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Korea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korean</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jang_Yeong-sil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jang Yeong-sil (sortu gabe)">Jang Yeong-silek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Joseon dinastiako</a> ingeniari korearrak, <a href="/wiki/Sejong_Handia" title="Sejong Handia">Sejong Handia</a> erregearen zuzendaritza aktiboarekin, munduko lehen <a href="/wiki/Euri-neurgailu" title="Euri-neurgailu">euri-neurgailua</a> asmatu zuen, «uryanggye» (<a href="/wiki/Koreera" title="Koreera">koreeraz</a>: 우량계), 1441ean. Ureztatze-tangetan instalatu zen, nekazaritzako aplikazioetarako euriteak neurtzeko eta biltzeko sistema nazional baten zati gisa. Planifikatzaileek eta nekazariek, instrumentu horrekin, hobeto erabili ahal izango zuketen bildutako informazioa <sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ipar_Amerika">Ipar Amerika</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ipar Amerika»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Ipar Amerika"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Jang_Yeong-sil_Science_Garden-Rain_Gauges_13-11789_Busan,_South_Korea_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Jang_Yeong-sil_Science_Garden-Rain_Gauges_13-11789_Busan%2C_South_Korea_03.JPG/200px-Jang_Yeong-sil_Science_Garden-Rain_Gauges_13-11789_Busan%2C_South_Korea_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="356" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Jang_Yeong-sil_Science_Garden-Rain_Gauges_13-11789_Busan%2C_South_Korea_03.JPG/300px-Jang_Yeong-sil_Science_Garden-Rain_Gauges_13-11789_Busan%2C_South_Korea_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Jang_Yeong-sil_Science_Garden-Rain_Gauges_13-11789_Busan%2C_South_Korea_03.JPG/400px-Jang_Yeong-sil_Science_Garden-Rain_Gauges_13-11789_Busan%2C_South_Korea_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheugugi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cheugugi (sortu gabe)">Cheugugi</a> (euri-neurgailua) bat, Jang Yeong-sil Zientzia Lorategian, <a href="/wiki/Busan" title="Busan">Busanen</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Gaur egungo Estatu Batuetako eremuan ezagutzen den nekazaritzako ureztatze ubide-sistemarik zaharrena K.a. 1200 eta K.a. 800 artekoa da, eta Desert Archology, Inc. enpresak aurkitu zuen <a href="/wiki/Marana_(Arizona)" title="Marana (Arizona)">Maranan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizonan</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Tucson" title="Tucson">Tucsonetik</a> hurbil), 2009an<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ubide-sistemak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hohokam_kultura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hohokam kultura (sortu gabe)">Hohokam kulturak</a> baino bi mila urte gehiago ditu, eta identifikatu gabeko kultura batekoa da. Ipar Amerikan, Hohokam-ak ziren ezagutzen zen kultura bakarra laboreak ureztatzeko ubideen mende zeudenak, eta beren ureztatze-sistemek babesten zuten hego-mendebaldeko populaziorik handiena K.o. 1300 urtean. Hohokam-ek zenbait ubide sinple eraiki zituzten nekazaritza-jarduera desberdinetako zabortegirekin konbinatuta. VII. eta XIV. mendeen artean, ureztatze-sare zabalak eraiki eta mantendu zituzten <a href="/wiki/Ibai_Gazia_(Arizona)" title="Ibai Gazia (Arizona)">behe Ibai Gazia</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Gila_ibaia" title="Gila ibaia">Gila ertaina</a> ibaietan, zeinak antzinako <a href="/wiki/Ekialde_Hurbila" title="Ekialde Hurbila">Ekialde Hurbilean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egipto" title="Egipto">Egipton</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Txinako_Herri_Errepublika" title="Txinako Herri Errepublika">Txinan</a> zerabitzatenekin lehia zitzaketen konplexutasunean. Horiek zulatzeko tresna nahiko sinpleekin eraiki zituzten, ingeniaritza teknologia aurreratuen onurarik gabe, eta milia bakoitzeko oin gutxi batzuetako beherapena baino ez zituzten lortu higadura eta jalkiera orekatuz. Hohokam-ek <a href="/wiki/Kotoi" title="Kotoi">kotoi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tabako" title="Tabako">tabako</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arto" title="Arto">arto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Babarrun" title="Babarrun">babarrun</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Kuia" title="Kuia">Kuia</a> barietateak landu zituzten, eta hainbat basalandare bildu. Hohokam sekuentzia kronologikoaren amaieran, lehorreko nekazaritza sistema zabalak erabili zituzten, batez ere <a href="/wiki/Agave" title="Agave">agavea</a> landatzeko elikagaietarako eta zuntzetarako. Ubideen ureztatzean oinarritutako nekazaritza-estrategiekikoaren mendekotasuna, ezinbestekoa bere basamortu-ingurune gogor eta klima lehorrean, oinarria jarri zuen landa-populazioak hiri-zentro egonkorretara aldatzeko<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hego_Amerika">Hego Amerika</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hego Amerika»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Hego Amerika"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ameriketako ureztatze-ubide ezagunenak <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> iparraldeko basamortuan daude, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Za%C3%B1a_harana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaña harana (sortu gabe)">Zaña haranean</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanchoc_eskualdea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanchoc eskualdea (sortu gabe)">Nanchoc</a> herrixkatik gertu. Ubideak <a href="/wiki/Karbono-14_bidezko_datazioa" title="Karbono-14 bidezko datazioa">Karbono 14k datatu dira</a>, gutxienez, K.a. 3400eko, eta, ziurrenik, K.a. 4700eko gisa. Ubideek, garai hartan, laboreak ureztatzen zituzten, hala nola <a href="/wiki/Kakahuete" title="Kakahuete">kakahueteak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuia" title="Kuia">kuia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manioka" title="Manioka">manioka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sabi" title="Sabi">kenopodoak</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kinoa" title="Kinoa">kinoaren</a> ahaide bat) eta, geroago, <a href="/wiki/Arto" title="Arto">artoa</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ureztatze_motak">Ureztatze motak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ureztatze motak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Ureztatze motak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ureztatze mota anitz daude, ura hornitzeko eraren arabera. Landareen kasuan, helburua ura ahalik eta uniformeen banatzea da, landare bakoitzak behar duen ur kantitatea jaso dezan. Horrez gain, ureztatze motak euri beharren arabera ere banatu daitezke. Ureztatze “osagarriak” euritik datorren urari gehitzen dio bere ekarpena; “ureztatze osoa”-n, berriz, landareek ez dute euriko urik jasotzen. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:LevelBasinFloodIrrigation.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/LevelBasinFloodIrrigation.JPG/248px-LevelBasinFloodIrrigation.JPG" decoding="async" width="248" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/LevelBasinFloodIrrigation.JPG/372px-LevelBasinFloodIrrigation.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/LevelBasinFloodIrrigation.JPG/496px-LevelBasinFloodIrrigation.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Uholde bidezko gainazaleko ureztaketa</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gainazaleko_ureztaketa">Gainazaleko ureztaketa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Gainazaleko ureztaketa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Gainazaleko ureztaketa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ureztaketa mota zaharrena eta ohikoena da, milaka urtetan zehar erabili baita. Gainazaleko ureztaketan, ura nekazalgo lursailetan zehar mugitzen da gainazala busti eta lurzoruan sartzeko. Ura grabitate indarraren edo lursailaren pendizaren ondorioz mugitzen da. Oso maiz, ur mailak <a href="/wiki/Dike" title="Dike">dike</a> sistemen bidez kontrolatzen dira (lurrez egindako dikeak ―lezoi edo ezponda― kasu). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mikro-ureztaketa">Mikro-ureztaketa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Mikro-ureztaketa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Mikro-ureztaketa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mikro-ureztaketan, aurrez diseinatutako hoditeria-sistema erabiltzen da ura presio txikian barreiatzeko. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Sprinkler_Irrigation_-_Sprinkler_head.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Sprinkler_Irrigation_-_Sprinkler_head.JPG/249px-Sprinkler_Irrigation_-_Sprinkler_head.JPG" decoding="async" width="249" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Sprinkler_Irrigation_-_Sprinkler_head.JPG/374px-Sprinkler_Irrigation_-_Sprinkler_head.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Sprinkler_Irrigation_-_Sprinkler_head.JPG/498px-Sprinkler_Irrigation_-_Sprinkler_head.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Ihinztagailua</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ihinztagailu_bidezko_ureztaketa">Ihinztagailu bidezko ureztaketa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ihinztagailu bidezko ureztaketa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Ihinztagailu bidezko ureztaketa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ihinztagailu" title="Ihinztagailu">Ihinztagailu</a> bidezko ureztaketan, ura lursaileko erdigunera garraiatzen da tutuen bidez, eta, bertan, presio handiz barreiatzen da ihinztagailuak erabilita. Ihinztagailuak estatikoak edo mugikorrak izan daitezke; oso ohikoak dira, esaterako, ura mugimendu zirkularren bidez barreiatzen duten ihinztagailuak. Bestalde, ihinztagailuak plataforma mugikorretan kokatuta, gainazal handiagoak urezta daitezke. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lur_azpiko_ureztaketa">Lur azpiko ureztaketa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Lur azpiko ureztaketa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Lur azpiko ureztaketa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Vadose_zone.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Vadose_zone.gif/254px-Vadose_zone.gif" decoding="async" width="254" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Vadose_zone.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="243" /></a><figcaption>Maila freatikoa</figcaption></figure> <p>Lur azpiko ureztaketan, <a href="/wiki/Maila_freatiko" title="Maila freatiko">maila freatikoa</a> artifizialki igota, lurzorua hezetzen da landareen sustraien azpitik. Metodo horretan, <a href="/wiki/Ponpaketa-estazio" title="Ponpaketa-estazio">ponpaketa sistemek</a>, kanalek, dikeek eta ateek ur maila handitzea edo txikitzea ahalbidetzen dute, hartara maila freatikoa kontrolatzeko. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ureztaketarako_funtsezko_faktoreak">Ureztaketarako funtsezko faktoreak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ureztaketarako funtsezko faktoreak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Ureztaketarako funtsezko faktoreak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lurzorua">Lurzorua</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Lurzorua»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Lurzorua"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Topografia">Topografia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Topografia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Topografia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lurzoruaren <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendiza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendiza (sortu gabe)">pendizak</a> urak gainazalean duen zirkulazioa baldintzatzen du </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Propietate_fisikoak">Propietate fisikoak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Propietate fisikoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Propietate fisikoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lurzoruaren <a href="/wiki/Iragazkortasun" title="Iragazkortasun">iragazkortasuna</a> zenbat eta handiagoa izan, orduan eta ahulagoa da ura edukitzeko duen ahalmena. Bestalde, kohesioak ere eragina du ureztaketan; hala, hondartsuak diren lurrak ureztatzea zailagoa izango da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Propietate_kimikoak">Propietate kimikoak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Propietate kimikoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Propietate kimikoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alde batetik, lurzoruari hezetasuna emateak gai organikoen eraldaketa azkarrean eragiten du. Bestalde, gai mineralek ere eragina dute ureztaketan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ura">Ura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ura»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Ura"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Uraren jatorria faktore garrantzitsua da, bai eta bere propietateak eta emaria ere. <a href="/wiki/Tenperatura" title="Tenperatura">Tenperatura</a> da propietate fisikorik garrantzitsuena, landareen ureztaketarako tenperatura optimoak baitaude, landare motaren eta ekosistemaren arabera. Ur hotzegiak edo beroegiak kalteak sor ditzakete landareetan. Uraren propietate kimikoak ere behatu beharrekoak dira (substantzien kontzentrazioa, <a href="/wiki/Gazitasun" title="Gazitasun">gazitasuna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sodio" title="Sodio">sodioa</a>, alkalinotasuna, <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pHa</a>, landareentzako toxikoak izan daitezkeen substantzien kontzentrazioa...). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Travelling_irrigation_sprinkler_2_2014-05-29.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Travelling_irrigation_sprinkler_2_2014-05-29.jpg/220px-Travelling_irrigation_sprinkler_2_2014-05-29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Travelling_irrigation_sprinkler_2_2014-05-29.jpg/330px-Travelling_irrigation_sprinkler_2_2014-05-29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Travelling_irrigation_sprinkler_2_2014-05-29.jpg/440px-Travelling_irrigation_sprinkler_2_2014-05-29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4444" data-file-height="2513" /></a><figcaption>Ureztatze gailu bat.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kultura">Kultura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kultura»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Kultura"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ureztatzean, ur beharrak, ureztatze sistemak, klimaren ezaugarriak eta erabiltzaileen erabakiak ere kontuan hartu beharreko funtsezko faktoreak dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ur_iturriak">Ur iturriak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ur iturriak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Ur iturriak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ureztaketarako ura ibaietatik, aintziratatik, <a href="/wiki/Putzu" title="Putzu">putzu</a>etatik, <a href="/wiki/Araztegi" title="Araztegi">araztegietatik</a> edota itsasoko ura <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gatzgabetzeko_estazio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gatzgabetzeko estazio (sortu gabe)">gatzgabetzeko estazioetatik</a> eskura daiteke. Uraren garraiorako, <a href="/wiki/Akueduktu" title="Akueduktu">akueduktu</a> eta ubide sistemak erabiltzen dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fao.org/4/y7223e/y7223e00.htm">«Frost protection: fundamentals, practice, and economics - Volume 1»</a> <i>www.fao.org</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-09-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Siebert, S.; J. Hoogeveen; P. Döll; J-M. Faurès; S. Feick; K. Frenken (November 10, 2006). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tropentag.de/2006/abstracts/full/211.pdf">The Digital Global Map of Irrigation Areas – Development and Validation of Map Version 4</a>" (PDF). <i>Tropentag 2006 – Conference on International Agricultural Research for Development</i>. Bonn, Germany. Retrieved March 14, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/">The World</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/CIA" title="CIA">Central Intelligence Agency.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eib.org/en/essays/on-water">«On Water»</a> <i>European Investment Bank</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-09-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic">«Development Topics»</a> <i>World Bank</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-09-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNeill2000180–181-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNeill2000180–181_6-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNeill2000">McNeill 2000</a>, 180–181 orr. .</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNeill2000174-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNeill2000174_7-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNeill2000">McNeill 2000</a>, 174 orr. .</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson2016-8">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeterson2016_8-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeterson2016_8-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPeterson2016">Peterson 2016</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNeill2000153-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNeill2000153_9-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNeill2000">McNeill 2000</a>, 153 orr. .</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEkbladh2002pp.337-10"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEkbladh2002pp.337_10-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEkbladh2002pp.337">Ekbladh & 2002 pp.337</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBosshard2009-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBosshard2009_11-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBosshard2009">Bosshard 2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNeill2000169-170-12">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNeill2000169-170_12-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNeill2000169-170_12-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNeill2000">McNeill 2000</a>, 169-170 orr. .</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFFAO2023">FAO.  (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cc8166en"><i>World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2023. </i></a> FAO ;  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4060%2Fcc8166en">10.4060/cc8166en</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-92-5-138262-2" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-92-5-138262-2">978-92-5-138262-2</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-09-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Natural Resource Management and Environmental Dept. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/S2022E/s2022e02.htm">Crops Need Water</a>". Archived from the original on 16 January 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Flannery, Kent V. (1969). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6lY9Q4vnrCEC">Origins and ecological effects of early domestication in Iran and the Near East</a>". In Ucko, Peter John; Dimbleby, G. W. (eds.). <i>The Domestication and Exploitation of Plants and Animals</i>. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers (published 2007). p. 89. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780202365572" class="extiw" title="en:Special:BookSources/9780202365572">ISBN <bdi>9780202365572</bdi></a>. Retrieved January 12, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Lawton, H. W.; Wilke, P. J. (1979). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e67tCAAAQBAJ">Ancient Agricultural Systems in Dry Regions of the Old World</a>". In Hall, A. E.; Cannell, G. H.; Lawton, H.W. (eds.). <i>Agriculture in Semi-Arid Environments</i>. Ecological Studies. Vol. 34 (reprint ed.). Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media (published 2012). p. 13. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783642673283" class="extiw" title="en:Special:BookSources/9783642673283">ISBN <bdi>9783642673283</bdi></a>. Retrieved January 12, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFThomasFulkerson2021-06-17">Thomas, Alexander R.; Fulkerson, Gregory M..  (2021-06-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KcUyEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA137"><i>City and Country: The Historical Evolution of Urban-Rural Systems. </i></a> Rowman & Littlefield <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-1-7936-4433-6" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-1-7936-4433-6">978-1-7936-4433-6</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-09-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-18">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFRoddaUbertini2004">Rodda, J. C.; Ubertini, Lucio.  (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JI65-MygMm0C"><i>The Basis of Civilization--water Science?. </i></a> International Association of Hydrological Science <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-1-901502-57-2" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-1-901502-57-2">978-1-901502-57-2</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-09-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070205113936/http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/india/indus/elements.html">«Indus Civilization»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2007-02-05 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-09-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFCrawford2013-08-29">Crawford, Harriet.  (2013-08-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4SKYAAAAQBAJ"><i>The Sumerian World. </i></a> Routledge <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-1-136-21911-5" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-1-136-21911-5">978-1-136-21911-5</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-09-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFHill2013-11-19">Hill, Donald.  (2013-11-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oMceAgAAQBAJ"><i>A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times. </i></a> Routledge <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-1-317-76157-0" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-1-317-76157-0">978-1-317-76157-0</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-09-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>p19</i> Hill, A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070510203748/http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9006076/Amenemhet-III">«Amenemhet III - Britannica Concise»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2007-05-10 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-09-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFAfrica1981">Africa, Unesco International Scientific Committee for the Drafting of a General History of.  (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gB6DcMU94GUC&q=ancient+irrigation+Africa&pg=PA309"><i>Ancient Civilizations of Africa. </i></a> Univ of California Press <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-0-520-03913-1" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-0-520-03913-1">978-0-520-03913-1</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-09-21)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBullietCrossleyHeadrickHirsch2008-06">Bulliet, Richard W.; Crossley, Pamela Kyle; Headrick, Daniel R.; Hirsch, Steven; Johnson, Lyman.  (2008-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=niqhizFDhKUC&q=irrigation+Nubia+BCE&pg=PA53"><i>The Earth and Its Peoples: A Global History, Brief Edition, Volume I: To 1550: A Global History. </i></a> Wadsworth <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-0-618-99238-6" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-0-618-99238-6">978-0-618-99238-6</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-09-21)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fao.org/4/y0969e/y0969e03.htm">«SMALLHOLDER IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGY: PROSPECTS FOR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA y0969e»</a> <i>www.fao.org</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-09-21)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100612221652/http://history-world.org/africa.htm">«Africa, Emerging Civilizations In Sub-Sahara Africa»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2010-06-12 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-09-21)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-28">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_28-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_28-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFDillehayElingRossen2005-11-22">Dillehay, Tom D.; Eling, Herbert H.; Rossen, Jack.  (2005-11-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.0508583102">«Preceramic irrigation canals in the Peruvian Andes»</a> <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i> 102 (47): 17241–17244.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0508583102">10.1073/pnas.0508583102</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424">0027-8424</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16284247">16284247</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=PMC1288011">PMC1288011</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-09-21)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>The History of Technology – Irrigation</i>. Encyclopædia Britannica, 1994 edition</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-30"><a href="#cite_ref-:2_30-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFUckoDimbleby2007-01-01">Ucko, Peter John; Dimbleby, G. W..  (2007-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6lY9Q4vnrCEC"><i>The Domestication and Exploitation of Plants and Animals. </i></a> Transaction Publishers <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-0-202-36557-2" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-0-202-36557-2">978-0-202-36557-2</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-09-21)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080624023533/http://www.fao.org/sd/giahs/other_iran1_desc.asp">«Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS)»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2008-06-24 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-09-21)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>, 1911 and 1989 editions</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fao.org/4/T0028E/T0028E03.htm">«Reservoirs of Sri Lanka and their fisheries»</a> <i>www.fao.org</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-09-21)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>China – history</i>. Encyclopædia Britannica,1994 edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Needham, Joseph (1986). <i>Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 2, Mechanical Engineering</i>. Taipei: Caves Books Ltd. Pages 344–346.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Needham, Volume 4, Part 2, 340–343.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Needham, Volume 4, Part 2, 33, 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Baek Seok-gi 백석기 (1987). <i>Jang Yeong-sil 장영실</i>. Woongjin Wiin Jeon-gi 웅진위인전기 11. Woongjin Publishing Co., Ltd.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.archaeology.org/0909/trenches/canals.html">«Earliest Canals in America - Archaeology Magazine Archive»</a> <i>archive.archaeology.org</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-09-21)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">James M. Bayman, "The Hohokam of Southwest North America." <i>Journal of World Prehistory</i> 15.3 (2001): 257–311.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iturriak">Iturriak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Iturriak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Iturriak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8009455">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBosshard2009">Bosshard, Peter.  (2009). <i>“China Dams the World.” World Policy Journal 26, no. 4. </i></span>.</li> <li><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFEkbladh2002">Ekbladh, David.  (2002). <i>“‘Mr. TVA’: Grass-Roots Development, David Lilienthal, and the Rise and Fall of the Tennessee Valley Authority as a Symbol for U.S. Overseas Development, 1933-1973.” Diplomatic History 29, no. 3. </i></span>.</li> <li><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFJohnson2019">Johnson, Matthew P.  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Norton & Company. </i></span>.</li> <li><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFParker2020">Parker, James.  (2020). <i>“A ‘Juggernaut of Progress’? Irrigation and Statecraft in Late-Colonial Kenya.” International Journal of African Historical Studies 53, no. 3. </i></span>.</li> <li><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFPeterson2016">Peterson, Maya.  (2016). <i>“US to USSR: American Experts, Irrigation, and Cotton in Soviet Central Asia, 1929–32.” Environmental History 21, no. 3. </i></span>.</li> <li><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFRoss2017">Ross, Corey.  (2017). <i>Ecology and Power in the Age of Empire: Europe and the Transformation of the Tropical World. First edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. </i></span>.</li> <li><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFPisani2002">Pisani, Donald J.  (2002). <i>Water and American Government: The Reclamation Bureau, National Water Policy, and the West, 1902-1935. Berkeley: University of California Press. </i></span>.</li> <li><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFVisser2018">Visser, Wessel.  (2018). <i>“Water as Agent for Social Change, 1900–1939 : Two Case Studies of Developmental State Approaches in Establishing Irrigation Schemes.” Historia 63, no. 2. </i></span>.</li> <li><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFWorster1992">Worster, Donald.  (1992). <i>Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West. New York ; Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. </i></span>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ureztatze&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q11453">Q11453</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Irrigation">Irrigation</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q11453%22">Q11453</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX524486">XX524486</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119321398">119321398</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119321398">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4006306-9">4006306-9</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh00006268">sh00006268</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00568646">00568646</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph137538">ph137538</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10639786">10639786</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gran_Enciclopedia_Aragonesa" title="Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa">GEA</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciclopedia-aragonesa.com/voz.asp?voz_id=10850">10850</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/007955">007955</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/irrigation">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Medikuntzako identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D057914">D057914</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q11453">Q11453</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Irrigation">Irrigation</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q11453%22">Q11453</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div>    </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget \"ErrefAurrebista\" was not loaded. 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