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href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%88_%EC%A1%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B4" title="질 존스턴 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="질 존스턴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jill_Johnston" title="Jill Johnston – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jill Johnston" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BA" title="ജിൽ ജോൺസ്റ്റൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജിൽ ജോൺസ്റ്റൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American feminist author (1929–2010)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Jill_Johnson" title="Jill Johnson">Jill Johnson</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the curler, see <a href="/wiki/Jill_Shumay" title="Jill Shumay">Jill Shumay</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jill Johnston</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jill-johnston-1985.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/57/Jill-johnston-1985.jpg" decoding="async" width="207" height="300" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="207" data-file-height="300" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Johnston in 1985</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Jill Crowe</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1929-05-17</span>)</span>May 17, 1929<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">London, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">September 18, 2010<span style="display:none">(2010-09-18)</span> (aged 81)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford, Connecticut</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a><sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Greensboro" title="University of North Carolina at Greensboro">University of North Carolina at Greensboro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Fine_Arts" title="Master of Fine Arts">MFA</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Author</li><li>cultural critic</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employer</th><td class="infobox-data org"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Village_Voice" title="The Village Voice">The Village Voice</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Richard John Lanham </div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1958; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1964)<wbr /></div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Ingrid Nyeboe </div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1993, divorced)<wbr /></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-line-margin3px"></div> <div class="marriage-display-ws"> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 2009)<wbr /></div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cyril_F._Johnston" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyril F. Johnston">Cyril F. Johnston</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nora_Johnston" title="Nora Johnston">Nora Johnston</a> (aunt)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Writing career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Pen name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.4em;">F. J. Crowe</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Literary movement</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Lesbian feminist activism</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Nation" title="Lesbian Nation">Lesbian Nation</a></i> (1973)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jill Johnston</b> (May 17, 1929 – September 18, 2010) was a British-born American feminist author and cultural critic. She is most famous for her <a href="/wiki/Radical_feminism" title="Radical feminism">radical</a> <a href="/wiki/Lesbian_feminism" title="Lesbian feminism">lesbian feminism</a> book, <i><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Nation" title="Lesbian Nation">Lesbian Nation</a></i> and was a longtime writer for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Village_Voice" title="The Village Voice">The Village Voice</a></i>. She was also a leader of the <a href="/wiki/Lesbian_separatist" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbian separatist">lesbian separatist</a> movement of the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fastenburg_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fastenburg-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jowitt_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jowitt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnston also wrote under the pen name <b>F. J. Crowe</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-Carol_Hurd_Green_2000,_page_235_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carol_Hurd_Green_2000,_page_235-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jill_Johnston&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jill_Johnston&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Jill was born as <b>Jill Crowe</b> in London on May 17, 1929, the only child of Olive Marjorie Crowe, an American nurse, and Cyril F. Johnston,<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an English bellfounder and clockmaker whose family firm, <a href="/wiki/Gillett_%26_Johnston" title="Gillett & Johnston">Gillett & Johnston</a>, created the <a href="/wiki/Carillon" title="Carillon">carillon</a> of <a href="/wiki/Riverside_Church" title="Riverside Church">Riverside Church</a> in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Carol_Hurd_Green_2000,_page_235_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carol_Hurd_Green_2000,_page_235-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her aunt was inventor <a href="/wiki/Nora_Johnston" title="Nora Johnston">Nora Johnston</a>. After her father abandoned them, her mother took Jill to <a href="/wiki/Douglaston%E2%80%93Little_Neck,_Queens" title="Douglaston–Little Neck, Queens">Little Neck, Queens, New York</a>, where she was raised by a grandmother.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout her childhood, she believed that her parents had divorced. After her father's death she knew that her parents were never married through an obituary in the New York Times. Her fascination for her absent father later motivated her to write, <i>England's Child: The Carillon and the Casting of Big Bells.</i> It was a biography of her father as well as a history of bell making.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jill received her bachelor's degree from <a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a> in 1951. While studying dance at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Greensboro" title="University of North Carolina at Greensboro">University of North Carolina at Greensboro</a>, she began writing for the Dance Observer.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jill_Johnston&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the mid-1950s, Johnston moved to New York City to study dance under <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Lim%C3%B3n" title="José Limón">Jose Limón</a>, but turned to writing after she broke her foot. Beginning in 1959, Johnston served as the dance critic for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Village_Voice" title="The Village Voice">The Village Voice</a></i>, the weekly downtown newspaper for New York City. She was friendly with many performers, performance artists, composers, poets and artists associated with the <a href="/wiki/Judson_Dance_Theater" title="Judson Dance Theater">Judson Dance Theater</a>, and championed <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_dance" title="Postmodern dance">postmodern</a> movements like <a href="/wiki/Fluxus" title="Fluxus">Fluxus</a> and artists like <a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Rainer" title="Yvonne Rainer">Yvonne Rainier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_(artist)" title="Robert Morris (artist)">Robert Morris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merce_Cunningham" title="Merce Cunningham">Merce Cunningham</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lucinda_Childs" title="Lucinda Childs">Lucinda Childs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the late 1960s, <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Jowitt" title="Deborah Jowitt">Deborah Jowitt</a> joined the paper and wrote a regular dance column for <i>the Voice</i>, while Johnston's dance column became a kind of weekly diary, chronicling her adventures in the New York art world.<sup id="cite_ref-Jowitt_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jowitt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She became involved with gay and feminist activism in 1969, when <a href="/wiki/Lois_Hart_(feminist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lois Hart (feminist)">Lois Hart</a> and Suzanne Bevier encouraged her to contribute to <i><a href="/wiki/Come_Out!" title="Come Out!">Come Out!</a>,</i> the newsletter for the <a href="/wiki/Gay_Liberation_Front" title="Gay Liberation Front">Gay Liberation Front</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Johnston was a member of a 1971 New York City panel produced by Shirley Broughton as part of the "Theater for Ideas" series. The event was a vigorous debate on feminism with <a href="/wiki/Norman_Mailer" title="Norman Mailer">Norman Mailer</a>, author; <a href="/wiki/Germaine_Greer" title="Germaine Greer">Germaine Greer</a>, author; <a href="/wiki/Diana_Trilling" title="Diana Trilling">Diana Trilling</a>, literary critic; <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Ceballos" title="Jacqueline Ceballos">Jacqueline Ceballos</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_Women" title="National Organization for Women">National Organization for Women</a> president, and Johnston herself. The event was also billed as an intellectual "Battle of the Sexes" – effectively promoting Mailer's then-just-published, feminism-critical book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Prisoner_of_Sex" title="The Prisoner of Sex">The Prisoner of Sex</a></i> (1971). When the time came for her to make her introductory remarks, Johnston read a poem, after which two feminist friends came onstage and the three simulated (fully dressed) three-way lesbian sex<sup id="cite_ref-Fastenburg_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fastenburg-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (indulging in a bit of feminist <a href="/wiki/Guerilla_theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerilla theatre">Guerilla theatre</a>, which she admitted she had learned from the <a href="/wiki/Yippies" class="mw-redirect" title="Yippies">Yippies</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and quickly exited. Despite this colorful interruption, Greer and Mailer continued to exchange verbal blows with each other (and the audience) for the remainder of the 3½ hour event. This event was widely written about (since so many writers were in attendance, including <a href="/wiki/Susan_Sontag" title="Susan Sontag">Susan Sontag</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Ozick" title="Cynthia Ozick">Cynthia Ozick</a>) and filmed by the now-legendary documentary filmmaker <a href="/wiki/D._A._Pennebaker" title="D. A. Pennebaker">D. A. Pennebaker</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eventually becoming the cult-documentary titled <i><a href="/wiki/Town_Bloody_Hall" title="Town Bloody Hall">Town Bloody Hall</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As this incident illustrates, Johnston's self-described "east west flower child beat hip <a href="/wiki/Psychedelia" title="Psychedelia">psychedelic</a> paradise now love peace do your own thing approach to the revolution" (as she called it in <i>Lesbian Nation</i>) often confounded her feminist allies as much as it did the conservative foes of gay and lesbian liberation. As recorded in <i>Lesbian Nation</i>, Johnston often was at the center of controversies within the feminist movement of the 1960s and 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She famously went on record stating that "all women are lesbians except those that don't know it yet."<sup id="cite_ref-Fastenburg_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fastenburg-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Lesbian Nation</i>, published in 1972, was written in a <a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dadaist</a> narrative and called for lesbian separatism, something that Johnston viewed not just as a physical entity, but a mental endeavor. She frequently hosted "lesbian camp weekends" at her country house in upstate New York; one regular visitor was architect <a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Birkby" title="Phyllis Birkby">Phyllis Birkby</a>, who she had met at the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_College_of_North_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's College of North Carolina">Women's College of North Carolina</a>. Birkby and Johnston collaborated on the anthology <i>Amazon Expedition</i>, and contemplated purchasing land for a lesbian living space together in the <a href="/wiki/Berkshires" title="Berkshires">Berkshires</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In her work <i>Films Out of Focus</i>, specifically in the 1972 edition, Johnston presents enigmatic phrases that captivate the reader's attention, encouraging introspection. Her writing includes discussions about feminism, particularly the assertion that lesbians are feminists, not solely defined by their sexuality.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1973, she predicted <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Jill_Johnston" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Jill Johnston">"an end to the catastrophic brotherhood and a return to the former glory and wise equanimity of the matriarchies."</a> </p><p>Johnston was also one of the first countercultural and lesbian writers at <i><a href="/wiki/Ms._(magazine)" title="Ms. (magazine)">Ms.</a></i> magazine, eventually coming to the conclusion that the magazine was too mainstream, ultimately presenting feminism as palatable, family-friendly and safe. According to author <a href="/wiki/Vivian_Gornick" title="Vivian Gornick">Vivian Gornick</a>: </p> <blockquote><p>For radical feminists like me, <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Willis" title="Ellen Willis">Ellen Willis</a>, and Jill Johnston, we had a different kind of magazine in mind. We came out against marriage and motherhood. <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Steinem" title="Gloria Steinem">Gloria Steinem</a> was uptown; we were downtown. She hung out with <a href="/wiki/The_Establishment" title="The Establishment">Establishment</a> figures; we had only ourselves. It very quickly became obvious at that first meeting that they wanted a glossy that would appeal to the women who read the <i><a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_Home_Journal" title="Ladies' Home Journal">Ladies' Home Journal</a></i>. We didn't want that, so they walked away with it.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>On another occasion, Johnston grew bored at a poolside press conference given by feminist <a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Betty Friedan</a>, and so decided to strip off her top and take a swim.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1977, Johnson became an associate of the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Institute_for_Freedom_of_the_Press" title="Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press">Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press</a> (WIFP).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WIFP is an American nonprofit publishing organization. The organization works to increase communication between women and connect the public with forms of women-based media. </p><p>Johnston's career as a dance critic was hampered by the controversy that attended the publication of <i>Lesbian Nation</i> and the publicity engendered by her dramatic style of lesbian feminist activism.<sup id="cite_ref-Jowitt_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jowitt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She remained with <i>The Village Voice</i> until 1981 and subsequently wrote freelance art and literary criticism. Along with the political memoirs, <i>Lesbian Nation</i> and <i>Gullible's Travels</i>, Johnston published an anthology of dance criticism entitled <i>Marmalade Me</i><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the autobiographies <i>Mother Bound</i> and <i>Paper Daughter</i>. </p><p>Described by one critic as "part <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Stein" title="Gertrude Stein">Gertrude Stein</a>, part <a href="/wiki/E._E._Cummings" title="E. E. Cummings">E. E. Cummings</a>, with a dash of <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kerouac" title="Jack Kerouac">Jack Kerouac</a> thrown for good measure," Johnston's freeform, fluid writing style of the 1970s matched the colorful nature of the tales recounted in her books <i>Lesbian Nation</i> and <i>Gullibles Travels</i>. Her later work as a literary and <a href="/wiki/Art_critic" title="Art critic">art critic</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/Art_in_America" title="Art in America">Art in America</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Review_of_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times Review of Books">New York Times Review of Books</a></i> is more standard in tone and content. Early writing not collected in other volumes can be found in <i>Admission Accomplished</i> while the critical biography <i><a href="/wiki/Jasper_Johns" title="Jasper Johns">Jasper Johns</a></i> represents an example of her later style.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Johnston is the subject of one of <a href="/wiki/Andy_Warhol" title="Andy Warhol">Andy Warhol</a>'s portrait films, <i>Jill</i>, a 4½-minute silent movie shot in black and white (1963).<sup id="cite_ref-BAM2014_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BAM2014-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also performed in <a href="/wiki/John_Cage" title="John Cage">John Cage</a>'s <i>Music Walk</i> in 1962, and <a href="/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen">Karlheinz Stockhausen</a>'s <i>Jill Johnston Dancing.</i><sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jill_Johnston&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1958, Johnston married Richard John Lanham, whom she divorced in 1964. They had two children, a son, Richard Renault Lanham, and a daughter, Winifred Brooke Lanham.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1993, she married Ingrid Nyeboe in Denmark in a Fluxus performance featuring <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hendricks" title="Geoffrey Hendricks">Geoffrey Hendricks</a>. The couple married again, in <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>, in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jill_Johnston&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On September 10, 2010, Johnston suffered a stroke in <a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford, Connecticut</a>. She died eight days later, on September 18, 2010, at the age of 81.<sup id="cite_ref-Jowitt_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jowitt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jill_Johnston&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Marmalade Me</i> (1971; revised 1998) – an anthology of short pieces on dance reprinted from <i><a href="/wiki/Village_Voice" class="mw-redirect" title="Village Voice">Village Voice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Nation" title="Lesbian Nation">Lesbian Nation</a>: The Feminist Solution</i> (1973)</li> <li><i>Gullibles Travels</i> (1974)</li> <li><i>Mother Bound</i> (1983) – autobiographical</li> <li><i>Paper Daughter</i> (1985) – autobiographical</li> <li><i>Secret Lives in Art</i> (1994) – selected essays on literature, visual and performing arts</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jasper_Johns" title="Jasper Johns">Jasper Johns</a></i> (1996) – critical biography of the artist</li> <li><i>Admission Accomplished: the Lesbian Nation years (1970–75)</i> (1998) – anthology of earlier writing</li> <li><i>At Sea On Land: Extreme Politics</i> (2005) – travel writings, with political commentary on government policies since <a href="/wiki/9/11" class="mw-redirect" title="9/11">9/11</a></li> <li><i>England's Child: The Carillon and the Casting of Big Bells</i> (2008) – a biography of Johnston's father, <a href="/wiki/Cyril_F._Johnston" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyril F. Johnston">Cyril F. Johnston</a>, a prominent English bellfounder and builder of <a href="/wiki/Carillon" title="Carillon">carillons</a> in the first half of the 20th century</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jill_Johnston&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The birth name of "Jill Crowe" is given on the 16 October 1929 passenger manifest of the <a href="/wiki/RMS_Homeric_(1913)" title="RMS Homeric (1913)">RMS <i>Homeric</i></a>, accessed on ancestry.com. The manifest states that Jill Crowe was travelling with her mother, Olive Crowe, a nurse.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jill_Johnston&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NYTobit-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGrimes2010" class="citation news cs1">Grimes, William (September 21, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/21/arts/21johnston.html">"Jill Johnston, Critic Who Wrote 'Lesbian Nation', Dies at 81"</a>. <i>New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jill+Johnston%2C+Critic+Who+Wrote+%27Lesbian+Nation%27%2C+Dies+at+81&rft.date=2010-09-21&rft.aulast=Grimes&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F09%2F21%2Farts%2F21johnston.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJill+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fastenburg-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fastenburg_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fastenburg_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fastenburg_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFastenburg2010" class="citation magazine cs1">Fastenburg, Dan (October 4, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2021052,00.html">"Jill Johnston"</a>. <i>Time</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Jill+Johnston&rft.date=2010-10-04&rft.aulast=Fastenburg&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C2021052%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJill+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jowitt-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jowitt_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jowitt_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jowitt_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jowitt_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJowitt,_Deborah" class="citation news cs1">Jowitt, Deborah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.villagevoice.com/2010/09/22/in-memoriam-jill-johnston-1929-2010-2/">"In Memoriam: Jill Johnston (1929-2010)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Village_Voice" title="The Village Voice">The Village Voice</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Village+Voice&rft.atitle=In+Memoriam%3A+Jill+Johnston+%281929-2010%29&rft.au=Jowitt%2C+Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.villagevoice.com%2F2010%2F09%2F22%2Fin-memoriam-jill-johnston-1929-2010-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJill+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carol_Hurd_Green_2000,_page_235-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Carol_Hurd_Green_2000,_page_235_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carol_Hurd_Green_2000,_page_235_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Carol Hurd Green, <i>American Women Writers: A Critical Reference Guide from Colonial Times to the Present</i>, The Gale Group, 2000, page 235</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1950/04/01/archives/cyril-fjohnston.html">"Cyril F. Johnston"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. April 1, 1950.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Cyril+F.+Johnston&rft.date=1950-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1950%2F04%2F01%2Farchives%2Fcyril-fjohnston.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJill+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gillettjohnston.co.uk/History.aspx">"The History of Gillett & Johnston"</a>. Gillett & Johnston. August 8, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Gillett+%26+Johnston&rft.pub=Gillett+%26+Johnston&rft.date=2012-08-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gillettjohnston.co.uk%2FHistory.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJill+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jill Johnston, <i>Mother Bound: Autobiography in Search of a Father</i>, Alfred A. Knopf, 1983</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrasinski2014" class="citation journal cs1">Krasinski, Jennifer (June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jenniferkrasinski.artcodeinc.com/static/gallery/files/Jill_Johnston_AiA.pdf">"The Body That Jill Built"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Art in America</i>: 104–109.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Art+in+America&rft.atitle=The+Body+That+Jill+Built&rft.pages=104-109&rft.date=2014-06&rft.aulast=Krasinski&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjenniferkrasinski.artcodeinc.com%2Fstatic%2Fgallery%2Ffiles%2FJill_Johnston_AiA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJill+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarner2012" class="citation book cs1">Warner, Sara (2012). "Expatriate Acts: Jill Johnston's Joker Citizenship". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/166/oa_monograph/book/19577"><i>Acts of Gaiety: LGBT Performance and the Politics of Pleasure</i></a>. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-02875-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-02875-7"><bdi>978-0-472-02875-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Expatriate+Acts%3A+Jill+Johnston%E2%80%99s+Joker+Citizenship&rft.btitle=Acts+of+Gaiety%3A+LGBT+Performance+and+the+Politics+of+Pleasure&rft.place=Ann+Arbor&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-472-02875-7&rft.aulast=Warner&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fpub%2F166%2Foa_monograph%2Fbook%2F19577&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJill+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarla_Jay2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Karla_Jay" title="Karla Jay">Karla Jay</a> (March 3, 2000). <i>Tales of the Lavender Menace : A Memoir of Liberation</i>. <a href="/wiki/Basic_Books" title="Basic Books">Basic Books</a>. p. 231. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0465083664" title="Special:BookSources/978-0465083664"><bdi>978-0465083664</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tales+of+the+Lavender+Menace+%3A+A+Memoir+of+Liberation&rft.pages=231&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2000-03-03&rft.isbn=978-0465083664&rft.au=Karla+Jay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJill+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phfilms.com/films/town-bloody-hall/#credits">"<i>Town Bloody Hall</i> | Pennebaker Hegedus Films"</a>. phfilms.com. Retrieved 2017-04-01.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0217853/"><i>Town Bloody Hall</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30324618#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcia_Cohen1988" class="citation book cs1">Marcia Cohen (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6ICkDAAAQBAJ&q=marcia+cohen+%22the+sisterhood%22+jill+johnston+town+hall+debate&pg=PA128-IA23"><i>The Sisterhood : The Inside Story of the Women's Movement and the Leaders who made it Happen</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780865347236" title="Special:BookSources/9780865347236"><bdi>9780865347236</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sisterhood+%3A+The+Inside+Story+of+the+Women%27s+Movement+and+the+Leaders+who+made+it+Happen&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780865347236&rft.au=Marcia+Cohen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6ICkDAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dmarcia%2Bcohen%2B%2522the%2Bsisterhood%2522%2Bjill%2Bjohnston%2Btown%2Bhall%2Bdebate%26pg%3DPA128-IA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJill+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReich,_James2012" class="citation web cs1">Reich, James (January 26, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://therumpus.net/2012/01/town-bloody-hall-mailer-greer-forty-years-later/">"Town Bloody Hall: Mailer & Greer forty years later"</a>. <i>The Rumpus.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Rumpus.net&rft.atitle=Town+Bloody+Hall%3A+Mailer+%26+Greer+forty+years+later&rft.date=2012-01-26&rft.au=Reich%2C+James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftherumpus.net%2F2012%2F01%2Ftown-bloody-hall-mailer-greer-forty-years-later%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJill+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeadhead,_Daisy2010" class="citation web cs1">Deadhead, Daisy (September 23, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://daisysdeadair.blogspot.com/2010/09/jill-johnston-1929-1981.html">"Jill Johnston 1929–2010"</a>. <i>Dead Air</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dead+Air&rft.atitle=Jill+Johnston+1929%E2%80%932010&rft.date=2010-09-23&rft.au=Deadhead%2C+Daisy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdaisysdeadair.blogspot.com%2F2010%2F09%2Fjill-johnston-1929-1981.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJill+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVider2021" class="citation book cs1">Vider, Stephen (2021). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Fantasy Is the Beginning of Creation": Imagining Lesbian Feminist Architecture". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7208/chicago/9780226808222-005/html"><i>The Queerness of Home: Gender, Sexuality, and the Politics of Domesticity After World War II</i></a>. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. pp. 106–140. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7208%2Fchicago%2F9780226808222-005">10.7208/chicago/9780226808222-005</a> (inactive November 1, 2024). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-80819-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-80819-2"><bdi>978-0-226-80819-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E2%80%9CFantasy+Is+the+Beginning+of+Creation%E2%80%9D%3A+Imagining+Lesbian+Feminist+Architecture&rft.btitle=The+Queerness+of+Home%3A+Gender%2C+Sexuality%2C+and+the+Politics+of+Domesticity+After+World+War+II&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=106-140&rft.pub=The+University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7208%2Fchicago%2F9780226808222-005&rft.isbn=978-0-226-80819-2&rft.aulast=Vider&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.7208%2Fchicago%2F9780226808222-005%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJill+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKabat2019" class="citation news cs1">Kabat, Jennifer (September 22, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.frieze.com/article/revolutionary-dance-critic-jill-johnston">"The Revolutionary Dance Critic Jill Johnston"</a>. <i>Frieze</i>. No. 206. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0962-0672">0962-0672</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 21,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frieze&rft.atitle=The+Revolutionary+Dance+Critic+Jill+Johnston&rft.issue=206&rft.date=2019-09-22&rft.issn=0962-0672&rft.aulast=Kabat&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.frieze.com%2Farticle%2Frevolutionary-dance-critic-jill-johnston&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJill+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbigail_Pogrebin2011" class="citation web cs1">Abigail Pogrebin (October 28, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nymag.com/news/features/ms-magazine-2011-11/">"How Do You Spell Ms.: An Oral History of Ms. Magazine"</a>. <i>New York Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Magazine&rft.atitle=How+Do+You+Spell+Ms.%3A+An+Oral+History+of+Ms.+Magazine&rft.date=2011-10-28&rft.au=Abigail+Pogrebin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Fnews%2Ffeatures%2Fms-magazine-2011-11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJill+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBetty_Friedan2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Betty Friedan</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bb1kkyv9e5wC&q=jill+johnston"><i>Life So Far: A Memoir</i></a>. Simon & Schuster. p. 236. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0743299862" title="Special:BookSources/978-0743299862"><bdi>978-0743299862</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+So+Far%3A+A+Memoir&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0743299862&rft.au=Betty+Friedan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBb1kkyv9e5wC%26q%3Djill%2Bjohnston&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJill+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wifp.org/who-we-are/associates/">"Associates | The Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press"</a>. <i>www.wifp.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.wifp.org&rft.atitle=Associates+%7C+The+Women%27s+Institute+for+Freedom+of+the+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wifp.org%2Fwho-we-are%2Fassociates%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJill+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/jill-johnston-2/marmalade-me/">"Marmalade Me by Jill Johnston"</a>. <i>Kirkus Reviews</i>. January 1970.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kirkus+Reviews&rft.atitle=Marmalade+Me+by+Jill+Johnston&rft.date=1970-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirkusreviews.com%2Fbook-reviews%2Fjill-johnston-2%2Fmarmalade-me%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJill+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BAM2014-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BAM2014_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bam150years.blogspot.com/2014/11/whos-who-of-warhols-unseen-films.html">"Who's Who of Warhol's Unseen Films"</a>. <i>BAM150years.blogspot.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Academy_of_Music" title="Brooklyn Academy of Music">Brooklyn Academy of Music</a>. November 4, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BAM150years.blogspot.com&rft.atitle=Who%27s+Who+of+Warhol%27s+Unseen+Films&rft.date=2014-11-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbam150years.blogspot.com%2F2014%2F11%2Fwhos-who-of-warhols-unseen-films.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJill+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frances C. Locher and Ann Evory, <i>Contemporary Authors</i>, Volumes 53-56, The Gale Group, 1975, page 320</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jill_Johnston&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> Quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Jill_Johnston" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Jill Johnston">Jill Johnston</a> at Wikiquote</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jilljohnston.com/">Official website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210324034216/http://jilljohnston.com/">Archived</a> March 24, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boxturtlebulletin.com/2016/05/17/72268">Born On This Day, 1929: Jill Johnston</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0217853/">Town Bloody Hall (1979) on IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dykestowatchoutfor.com/lesbian-nation-r-i-p"><i>Lesbian Nation, R.I.P</i>.</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alison_Bechdel" title="Alison Bechdel">Alison Bechdel</a>, 20 September 2010</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Lesbian_feminism" title="Template:Lesbian feminism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lesbian_feminism" title="Template talk:Lesbian feminism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lesbian_feminism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lesbian feminism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lesbian_feminism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_feminism" title="Lesbian feminism">Lesbian feminism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paula_Gunn_Allen" title="Paula Gunn Allen">Paula Gunn Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Allison" title="Dorothy Allison">Dorothy Allison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ti-Grace_Atkinson" title="Ti-Grace Atkinson">Ti-Grace Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alison_Bechdel" title="Alison Bechdel">Alison Bechdel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Torton_Beck" title="Evelyn Torton Beck">Evelyn Torton Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Ben-Shalom" title="Miriam Ben-Shalom">Miriam Ben-Shalom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Bindel" title="Julie Bindel">Julie Bindel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivy_Bottini" title="Ivy Bottini">Ivy Bottini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bunch" title="Charlotte Bunch">Charlotte Bunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Clarke" title="Cheryl Clarke">Cheryl Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Cliff" title="Michelle Cliff">Michelle Cliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Clinton" title="Kate Clinton">Kate Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_C%C3%B3rdova" title="Jeanne Córdova">Jeanne Córdova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Daly" title="Mary Daly">Mary Daly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Dashu" title="Max Dashu">Max Dashu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm%C3%A9_DeLarverie" title="Stormé DeLarverie">Stormé DeLarverie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_DiMassa" title="Diane DiMassa">Diane DiMassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alix_Dobkin" title="Alix Dobkin">Alix Dobkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Dworkin" title="Andrea Dworkin">Andrea Dworkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elana_Dykewomon" title="Elana Dykewomon">Elana Dykewomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Faderman" title="Lillian Faderman">Lillian Faderman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferron" title="Ferron">Ferron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Frye" title="Marilyn Frye">Marilyn Frye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michiyo_Fukaya" title="Michiyo Fukaya">Michiyo Fukaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Gage" title="Carolyn Gage">Carolyn Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Gottschalk" title="Donna Gottschalk">Donna Gottschalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Hoagland" title="Sarah Hoagland">Sarah Hoagland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karla_Jay" title="Karla Jay">Karla Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Jeffreys" title="Sheila Jeffreys">Sheila Jeffreys</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jill Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanie_Kaye/Kantrowitz" title="Melanie Kaye/Kantrowitz">Melanie Kaye/Kantrowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Larkin" title="Joan Larkin">Joan Larkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Livia_(author)" title="Anna Livia (author)">Anna Livia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audre_Lorde" title="Audre Lorde">Audre Lorde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Martin_and_Phyllis_Lyon" title="Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon">Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherr%C3%ADe_Moraga" title="Cherríe Moraga">Cherríe Moraga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_J._Morris" title="Bonnie J. Morris">Bonnie J. Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Mountaingrove" title="Ruth Mountaingrove">Ruth Mountaingrove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_O%27Leary" title="Jean O'Leary">Jean O'Leary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Parker" title="Pat Parker">Pat Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Penelope" title="Julia Penelope">Julia Penelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janice_Raymond" title="Janice Raymond">Janice Raymond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrienne_Rich" title="Adrienne Rich">Adrienne Rich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sloan-Hunter" title="Margaret Sloan-Hunter">Margaret Sloan-Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Smith" title="Barbara Smith">Barbara Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cris_Williamson" title="Cris Williamson">Cris Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monique_Wittig" title="Monique Wittig">Monique Wittig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Zimmerman" title="Bonnie Zimmerman">Bonnie Zimmerman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_lesbian_feminist_organizations" title="List of lesbian feminist organizations">Groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMASONG" title="AMASONG">AMASONG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Bookstore_Cooperative" title="Amazon Bookstore Cooperative">Amazon Bookstore Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjaree" title="Anjaree">Anjaree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_Singers" title="Artemis Singers">Artemis Singers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Lesbian_Feminist_Alliance" title="Atlanta Lesbian Feminist Alliance">Atlanta Lesbian Feminist Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bi-National_Lesbian_Conference" title="Bi-National Lesbian Conference">Bi-National Lesbian Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Lesbian_Liberation" title="Chicago Lesbian Liberation">Chicago Lesbian Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combahee_River_Collective" title="Combahee River Collective">Combahee River Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connexxus_Women%27s_Center/Centro_de_Mujeres" title="Connexxus Women's Center/Centro de Mujeres">Connexxus Women's Center/Centro de Mujeres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Bilitis" title="Daughters of Bilitis">Daughters of Bilitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Bilitis_(Australia)" title="Daughters of Bilitis (Australia)">Daughters of Bilitis (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Feminists" title="The Feminists">The Feminists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Black_Lesbian_Conference" title="First Black Lesbian Conference">First Black Lesbian Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Furies_Collective" title="The Furies Collective">The Furies Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_Women%27s_Alternative" title="Gay Women's Alternative">Gay Women's Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouines_rouges" title="Gouines rouges">Gouines rouges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_L._Mazer_Lesbian_Archives" title="June L. Mazer Lesbian Archives">June L. Mazer Lesbian Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_Menace" title="Lavender Menace">Lavender Menace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Revolutionary_Feminist_Group" title="Leeds Revolutionary Feminist Group">Leeds Revolutionary Feminist Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Art_Project" title="Lesbian Art Project">Lesbian Art Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Avengers" title="Lesbian Avengers">Lesbian Avengers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Feminist_Liberation" title="Lesbian Feminist Liberation">Lesbian Feminist Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Herstory_Archives" title="Lesbian Herstory Archives">Lesbian Herstory Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Movement_(Denmark)" title="Lesbian Movement (Denmark)">Lesbian Movement (Denmark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Organization_of_Toronto" title="Lesbian Organization of Toronto">Lesbian Organization of Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbians_Against_Pit_Closures" title="Lesbians Against Pit Closures">Lesbians Against Pit Closures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Legion_of_Lesbians" title="Lincoln Legion of Lesbians">Lincoln Legion of Lesbians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujeres_Creando" title="Mujeres Creando">Mujeres Creando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Women%27s_Land_Trust" title="Oregon Women's Land Trust">Oregon Women's Land Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_Soul_Sisters" title="Salsa Soul Sisters">Salsa Soul Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Spit" title="Sister Spit">Sister Spit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_for_Homophile_Equality" title="Sisters for Homophile Equality">Sisters for Homophile Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Dykes" title="Van Dykes">Van Dykes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butch_(lesbian_slang)" title="Butch (lesbian slang)">Butch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butch_and_femme" title="Butch and femme">Butch and femme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_heterosexuality" title="Compulsory heterosexuality">Compulsory heterosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyke_(slang)" title="Dyke (slang)">Dyke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_separatism" title="Feminist separatism">Feminist separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femme" title="Femme">Femme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-critical_feminism" title="Gender-critical feminism">Gender-critical feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_bed_death" title="Lesbian bed death">Lesbian bed death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_erasure" title="Lesbian erasure">Lesbian erasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_feminism" title="Lesbian feminism">Lesbian feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbians_in_Francoist_Spain" title="Lesbians in Francoist Spain">Lesbians in Francoist Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbians_in_the_Spanish_Second_Republic" title="Lesbians in the Spanish Second Republic">Lesbians in the Spanish Second Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbophobia">Lesbophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipstick_lesbian" title="Lipstick lesbian">Lipstick lesbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_lesbianism" title="Political lesbianism">Political lesbianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_lesbianism" title="Radical lesbianism">Radical lesbianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_butch" title="Soft butch">Soft butch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_butch" title="Stone butch">Stone butch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_femme" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone femme">Stone femme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-Haul_lesbian" title="U-Haul lesbian">U-Haul lesbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womyn-born_womyn" title="Womyn-born womyn">Womyn-born womyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womyn%27s_land" title="Womyn's land">Womyn's land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Gu%C3%A9rill%C3%A8res" title="Les Guérillères">Les Guérillères</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Nation" title="Lesbian Nation">Lesbian Nation</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Corps_Lesbien" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Corps Lesbien">Le Corps Lesbien</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lover_(novel)" title="Lover (novel)">Lover</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wanderground" title="The Wanderground">The Wanderground</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zami:_A_New_Spelling_of_My_Name" title="Zami: A New Spelling of My Name">Zami: A New Spelling of My Name</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lesbian/Woman" title="Lesbian/Woman">Lesbian/Woman</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Straight_Mind_and_Other_Essays" title="The Straight Mind and Other Essays">The Straight Mind and Other Essays</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boots_of_Leather,_Slippers_of_Gold" title="Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold">Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Your_Silence_Will_Not_Protect_You" title="Your Silence Will Not Protect You">Your Silence Will Not Protect You</a></i> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Die_Freundin" title="Die Freundin">Die Freundin</a></i> (1924–1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vice_Versa_(magazine)" title="Vice Versa (magazine)">Vice Versa</a></i> (1947–1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ladder_(magazine)" title="The Ladder (magazine)">The Ladder</a></i> (1956–1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arena_Three" title="Arena Three">Arena Three</a></i> (1963-1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Woman-Identified_Woman" title="The Woman-Identified Woman">The Woman-Identified Woman</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Off_Our_Backs" title="Off Our Backs">Off Our Backs</a></i> (1970–2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lavender_Woman" title="Lavender Woman">Lavender Woman</a></i> (1971–1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Tide" title="Lesbian Tide">Lesbian Tide</a></i> (1971–1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dykes_%26_Gorgons" title="Dykes & Gorgons">Dykes & Gorgons</a></i> (1973–1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Feminist_Circle" title="Lesbian Feminist Circle">Lesbian Feminist Circle</a></i> (1973–1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/WomanSpirit" title="WomanSpirit">WomanSpirit</a></i> (1974–1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Connection" title="Lesbian Connection">Lesbian Connection</a></i> (1974–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conditions_(magazine)" title="Conditions (magazine)">Conditions</a></i> (1976–1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinister_Wisdom" title="Sinister Wisdom">Sinister Wisdom</a></i> (1976–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Azalea:_A_Magazine_by_Third_World_Lesbians" title="Azalea: A Magazine by Third World Lesbians">Azalea: A Magazine by Third World Lesbians</a></i> (1977–1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Common_Lives/Lesbian_Lives" title="Common Lives/Lesbian Lives">Common Lives/Lesbian Lives</a></i> (1980–1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Onyx:_Black_Lesbian_Newsletter" title="Onyx: Black Lesbian Newsletter">Onyx: Black Lesbian Newsletter</a></i> (1982–1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amazones_d%27Hier,_Lesbiennes_d%27Aujourd%27hui" title="Amazones d'Hier, Lesbiennes d'Aujourd'hui">Amazones d'Hier, Lesbiennes d'Aujourd'hui</a></i> (1982–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dykes_to_Watch_Out_For" title="Dykes to Watch Out For">Dykes to Watch Out For</a></i> (1983–2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hothead_Paisan" title="Hothead Paisan">Hothead Paisan</a></i> (1991–1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diva_(magazine)" title="Diva (magazine)">Diva</a></i> (1994–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Lesbian_Studies" title="Journal of Lesbian Studies">Journal of Lesbian Studies</a></i> (1997–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jane%27s_World" title="Jane's World">Jane's World</a></i> (1998–2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Curve_(magazine)" title="Curve (magazine)">Curve</a></i> (2000–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/AfterEllen" title="AfterEllen">AfterEllen</a></i> (2002–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Velvetpark" title="Velvetpark">Velvetpark</a></i> (2007–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Gadsby:_Nanette" title="Hannah Gadsby: Nanette">Hannah Gadsby: Nanette</a></i> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Actions and ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cineffable" title="Cineffable">Cineffable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyke_march" title="Dyke march">Dyke march</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_bar" title="Lesbian bar">Lesbian bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_flags" title="Lesbian flags">Lesbian flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_literature" title="Lesbian literature">Lesbian literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_pulp_fiction" title="Lesbian pulp fiction">Lesbian pulp fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maud%27s_(bar)" title="Maud's (bar)">Maud's (bar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Womyn%27s_Music_Festival" title="Michigan Womyn's Music Festival">Michigan Womyn's Music Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motherpeace_Tarot" title="Motherpeace Tarot">Motherpeace Tarot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Moving_Coffeehouse" title="Mountain Moving Coffeehouse">Mountain Moving Coffeehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivia_Records" title="Olivia Records">Olivia Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Lesbian_and_Feminist_Film_Festival" title="Paris Lesbian and Feminist Film Festival">Paris Lesbian and Feminist Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peg%27s_Place_(bar)" title="Peg's Place (bar)">Peg's Place (bar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Some_Prefer_Cake" title="Some Prefer Cake">Some Prefer Cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_music" title="Women's music">Women's music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Week_Provincetown" title="Women's Week Provincetown">Women's Week Provincetown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/16px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/24px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/32px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Feminism" title="Portal:Feminism">Feminism portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000081644959">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/91898120">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/98635/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcWB68MqQKyx8RkvqmyBP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/141395907">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Johnston, Jill"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82120730">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13753276b">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13753276b">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35250378">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070937176">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90226385">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000144237&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007447524305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA10624760?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500351181">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/49187">Museum of Modern Art</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/141395907">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/113361424">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w66t2sqn">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" 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