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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Women's record label</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Record label</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: LightBlue">Olivia Records Inc.</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent company</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Olivia_Travel" title="Olivia Travel">Olivia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1973<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1973</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">California corporation since 1975</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_music" title="Women's music">Women's music</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of origin</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Olivia Records</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">record label</a> founded in <a href="/wiki/1973_in_music" title="1973 in music">1973</a> in Washington D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which centers female musicians. Its founders included prominent lesbian figures <a href="/wiki/Ginny_Berson" title="Ginny Berson">Ginny Berson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meg_Christian" title="Meg Christian">Meg Christian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judy_Dlugacz" title="Judy Dlugacz">Judy Dlugacz</a>, Jennifer Woodul, Kate Winter and five others.<sup id="cite_ref-Berson_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 64">: 64 </span></sup> Olivia Records sold two million records and produced about 40 albums during its twenty years of operation.<sup id="cite_ref-Riese_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riese-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Records&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Lesbian_feminist" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbian feminist">lesbian feminist</a> movement emerged in the 1970s that reacted to the discrimination of women within the <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United States">gay rights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">counterculture</a> movements, and <a href="/wiki/Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">heteronormativity</a> embedded in the <a href="/wiki/Second-wave_feminism" title="Second-wave feminism">1960s US feminist movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_music" title="Women's music">Women's music</a> labels such as Olivia contributed to a 1970s lesbian sub-culture by providing a public platform for the expression of topics that were lacking in dominant political discourse, and helped consumers develop strategies to cope with, organize, and articulate their experiences.<sup id="cite_ref-:62_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cris_Williamson" title="Cris Williamson">Cris Williamson</a> encouraged the Olivia collective to use an independent music label as an economic base for lesbian social organizing.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation">Foundation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Records&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>First called the "Olivia Collective", the group that founded the record label named itself and the label after the heroine of <a href="/wiki/Olivia_(Bussy_novel)" title="Olivia (Bussy novel)">a novel</a> by <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Bussy" title="Dorothy Bussy">Dorothy Bussy</a>, who fell in love with her headmistress at French boarding school.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The heroine and the novel were both called <i>Olivia</i>. The founders—Ginny Berson, <a href="/wiki/Meg_Christian" title="Meg Christian">Meg Christian</a>, Judy Dlugacz, Jennifer Woodul, Kate Winter and five other women—borrowed $4,000 to form the record label.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Christian and Cris Williamson were the two best-selling artists signed to Olivia Records. In 1973, the collective released a <a href="/wiki/Single_(music)" title="Single (music)">45 record</a> with Christian's song "Lady" on one side and Williamson's "If It Weren't for the Music" on the other.<sup id="cite_ref-queermusicheritage.com_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-queermusicheritage.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Amazon_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amazon-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The single sold for $1.50, plus mailing costs.<sup id="cite_ref-Amazon_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amazon-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Yoko_Ono" title="Yoko Ono">Yoko Ono</a> responded and said that she wanted to do a side project with Olivia, but the collective politely declined.<sup id="cite_ref-Berson_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 83–85">: 83–85 </span></sup> Without making themselves dependent on any high-profile person, they made $12,000 with the single, which was enough to release Christian's first album, <i>I Know You Know</i> in 1974, and a year later, Williamson's groundbreaking album <i>The Changer and the Changed</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>I Know You Know</i> sold over ten thousand copies in its first year, and eventually sold over 70,000 copies for Olivia Records,<sup id="cite_ref-:62_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:72_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <i>The Changer and the Changed</i> became one of the top-selling albums on any independent label.<sup id="cite_ref-:62_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:72_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Move_to_California">Move to California</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Records&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Move to California"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1974, <a href="/wiki/Judy_Dlugacz" title="Judy Dlugacz">Judy Dlugacz</a>, Meg Christian, <a href="/wiki/Ginny_Berson" title="Ginny Berson">Ginny Berson</a>, Jennifer Woodhul, and Kate Winter relocated the company from Washington D.C. to California.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But Olivia's business philosophy ultimately contributed to financial problems and internal conflicts among staff and artists contributed to its restructuring and ultimate demise. </p><p>Olivia Records echoed the philosophy cultural production of lesbian feminist separatists. But although Olivia Records claimed to benefit all women, the business was primarily led and promoted the interests of white middle-class American lesbians.<sup id="cite_ref-:92_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:92-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 1970s, Olivia expanded in inclusivity by promoting the music of African American artists <a href="/wiki/Linda_Tillery" title="Linda Tillery">Linda Tillery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Watkins" title="Mary Watkins">Mary Watkins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:43_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:43-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1977, after attacks on municipal gay rights ordinances spearheaded by <a href="/wiki/Anita_Bryant" title="Anita Bryant">Anita Bryant</a>, Olivia put out <i><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Concentrate" title="Lesbian Concentrate">Lesbian Concentrate</a></i>, a collection of songs and poetry with part of the proceeds going to benefit the Lesbian Mothers National Defense Fund.<sup id="cite_ref-Berson_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 203">: 203 </span></sup> Included on the 13 track LP was Meg Christian's "Ode To A Gym Teacher" and <a href="/wiki/Sue_Fink" title="Sue Fink">Sue Fink</a>'s "Leaping Lesbians".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Stone_(artist)" title="Sandy Stone (artist)">Sandy Stone</a> was Olivia's <a href="/wiki/Sound_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound engineer">sound engineer</a> from ca. 1976-1978, recording and mixing all Olivia product during this period. She resigned as the controversy over her working for a lesbian-identified enterprise increased because she was a transgender woman.<sup id="cite_ref-sayer2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sayer2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Raymond_19942_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raymond_19942-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-transadvocate_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-transadvocate-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-them_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-them-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline">Decline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Records&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Decline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following a sold-out tenth-anniversary best-of concert at <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, Olivia's idealist and inexperienced business practices led to significant financial hardship. Meg Christian left the record label in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Olivia moved first to <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> in 1975 to stay on top of the burgeoning music scene and then to <a href="/wiki/Oakland" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakland">Oakland</a> in 1977. The remaining five women of the collective, who had been pooling their money and even living together for the previous seven years, began to disperse. Olivia stopped putting out new records and instead performed a series of 15th anniversary concerts in 1988. The two 15th-anniversary concerts at Carnegie Hall were the largest grossing concerts at that venue in its history.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1988, the record label restructured and morphed into a broader women-centered social business venture resulted in the branding of <a href="/wiki/Olivia_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Olivia (company)">Olivia</a>, a lesbian travel company.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even though Olivia Records released <a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">world music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salsa_music" title="Salsa music">salsa</a> records, it was most successful with acoustic solo acts, although sometimes it failed to identify mainstream talent. In 1985, singer/songwriter <a href="/wiki/Melissa_Etheridge" title="Melissa Etheridge">Melissa Etheridge</a>, then a struggling Los Angeles artist, sent her demo to Olivia, but was ultimately rejected. Etheridge went on to become one of the most popular female performers of the 1990s and arguably the most successful lesbian musician of all time. She saved the rejection letter, signed by "the women of Olivia," which was featured in <i><a href="/wiki/Intimate_Portrait" title="Intimate Portrait">Intimate Portrait</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Lifetime_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifetime Television">Lifetime Television</a> documentary of her life. </p><p>Unable to reinvent itself for the changing musical landscape for women, from <a href="/wiki/Riot_grrrl" title="Riot grrrl">riot grrrl</a> to <a href="/wiki/Lilith_Fair" title="Lilith Fair">Lilith Fair</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ani_DiFranco" title="Ani DiFranco">Ani DiFranco</a>, Olivia could no longer sustain itself as a record label.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philosophy">Philosophy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Records&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Philosophy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Olivia Records promoted music that validated women's and lesbian's experiences, including lyrical and musical expressions of love, anger, fear, and humor.<sup id="cite_ref-:92_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:92-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lyrics by artists on Olivia Records frequently described personal or local problems rather than address global women's issues. Fans bonded to the musicians and to each other, thus forming women-centered musical communities.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early interviews with the founders of Olivia Records show an acute awareness of the radical political message embedded in the very creation of the label. In an August 1974 interview about the creation of Olivia Records, <a href="/wiki/Ginny_Berson" title="Ginny Berson">Ginny Berson</a>, Meg Christian, Judy Dlugacz, Cyndi Gair and Helaine Harris described the label as a new national women's recording company.<sup id="cite_ref-:04_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:04-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this interview, Meg Christian described Olivia Records as a form of lobbying, and Judy Dlugacz directly tied the label to the broader women's movement. Ginny Berson explained their vision for women to gain social power and capital by creating alternative economic institutions that would enable women to control their own economic situation. She identified the fastest way to eliminate oppressive/discriminating/harassing workplaces as by employing women, promoting women, and investing women's money in women.<sup id="cite_ref-:04_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:04-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The economic philosophy and business operations that differentiated Olivia Records from mainstream records reflected the idealistic hopes of its founders, and the label's executives revelled in experimenting with unknown artists and inexperienced producers.<sup id="cite_ref-:04_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:04-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an independent label, Olivia Records cultivated a fan base through music festivals, coffee houses and bookstores, and <a href="/wiki/Mail_order_catalog" class="mw-redirect" title="Mail order catalog">mail order catalogs</a>. Similar to women's music festivals, Olivia Records favored apprenticeship and mentoring as staple organizational practices.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The founders of Olivia Records were not the only LGBTQ activists to criticize American capitalism or consumerism, and many subculture bars, bookstores, coffee shops, and presses were created to carve out physical and intellectual queer spaces in the American marketplace.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Do_it_yourself" title="Do it yourself">DIY</a> aesthetic of Olivia Records mirrored broader trends that proliferated in the American lesbian arts and counter-marketplace during the 1970s and 80s, including the rejection of mass-production and big corporations in favor of crafts, folk art, and <a href="/wiki/Preindustrial" class="mw-redirect" title="Preindustrial">preindustrial</a> production techniques.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, lesbians were valuing alternative forms of commerce, including gifting and trading.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lesbians were reclaiming handmade objects and domestic products, and the rise of acoustic folk music was an offshoot of all of these trends.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact">Impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Records&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cris Williamson and Judy Dlugacz were awarded the 2018 Jack Emerson Lifetime Achievement Award for Executive by the Americana Music Association.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artists">Artists</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Records&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Artists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margie_Adam" title="Margie Adam">Margie Adam</a></li> <li>Gwen Avery</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Bridges" title="Alicia Bridges">Alicia Bridges</a></li> <li>Joanna Cazden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meg_Christian" title="Meg Christian">Meg Christian</a></li> <li>Casse Culver</li> <li>Dianne Davidson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sue_Fink" title="Sue Fink">Sue Fink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tret_Fure" title="Tret Fure">Tret Fure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Gardner_(composer)" title="Kay Gardner (composer)">Kay Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Grahn" title="Judy Grahn">Judy Grahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Higbie" title="Barbara Higbie">Barbara Higbie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Ann_Jones" title="Leslie Ann Jones">Leslie Ann Jones</a></li> <li>BeBe K'Roche</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deidre_McCalla" title="Deidre McCalla">Deidre McCalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_Millington" title="June Millington">June Millington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Parker" title="Pat Parker">Pat Parker</a></li> <li>Woody Simmons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Tillery" title="Linda Tillery">Linda Tillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucie_Blue_Tremblay" title="Lucie Blue Tremblay">Lucie Blue Tremblay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_Trull" title="Teresa Trull">Teresa Trull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Tyler" title="Robin Tyler">Robin Tyler</a></li> <li>Nancy Vogl</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Watkins" title="Mary Watkins">Mary Watkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cris_Williamson" title="Cris Williamson">Cris Williamson</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Records&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:8-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDolan" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Dolan, Jill. "Feeling Women's Culture: Women's Music, Lesbian Feminism, and the Impact of Emotional Memory". <i>Journal of Dramatic Theory and Criticism</i>. Spring 2002: 205–219.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Dramatic+Theory+and+Criticism&rft.atitle=Feeling+Women%27s+Culture%3A+Women%27s+Music%2C+Lesbian+Feminism%2C+and+the+Impact+of+Emotional+Memory&rft.volume=Spring+2002&rft.pages=205-219&rft.aulast=Dolan&rft.aufirst=Jill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlivia+Records" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Berson-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Berson_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berson_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berson_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerson2020" class="citation book cs1">Berson, Ginny Z (2020). <i>Olivia on the Record: A Radical Experiment in Women's Music</i>. San Francisco, California: Aunt Lute Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781951874018" title="Special:BookSources/9781951874018"><bdi>9781951874018</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1159603694">1159603694</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Olivia+on+the+Record%3A+A+Radical+Experiment+in+Women%27s+Music&rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+California&rft.pub=Aunt+Lute+Books&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1159603694&rft.isbn=9781951874018&rft.aulast=Berson&rft.aufirst=Ginny+Z&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlivia+Records" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Riese-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Riese_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernard2016" class="citation web cs1">Bernard, Riese (October 27, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.autostraddle.com/how-olivia-became-the-most-successful-lesbian-business-of-all-time-355248/">"How Olivia Became The Most Successful Lesbian Business of All Time"</a>. <i>Autostraddle.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gen%28d%29erations%3A+How+Sandy+Stone+%22Struck+Back%22+Against+Transmisogyny&rft.date=2019-10-17&rft.aulast=Riedel&rft.aufirst=Samantha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.them.us%2Fstory%2Fgenderations-sandy-stone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlivia+Records" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolden1988" class="citation news cs1">Holden, Stephen (November 28, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/28/arts/review-music-female-artists-tribute-to-record-company.html?scp=3&sq=olivia+carnegie&st=nyt">"Review/Music; Female Artists' Tribute To Record Company"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Review%2FMusic%3B+Female+Artists%27+Tribute+To+Record+Company&rft.date=1988-11-28&rft.aulast=Holden&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1988%2F11%2F28%2Farts%2Freview-music-female-artists-tribute-to-record-company.html%3Fscp%3D3%26sq%3Dolivia%2Bcarnegie%26st%3Dnyt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlivia+Records" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLove2002" class="citation journal cs1">Love, Nancy Sue (Fall 2002). "Singing For our Lives: Women's Music and Democratic Politics". <i>Hypatia</i>: 71–94 – via Project MUSE.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hypatia&rft.atitle=Singing+For+our+Lives%3A+Women%27s+Music+and+Democratic+Politics&rft.ssn=fall&rft.pages=71-94&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Love&rft.aufirst=Nancy+Sue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlivia+Records" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:04-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:04_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:04_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:04_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBersonChristianDlugaczGair1974" class="citation journal cs1">Berson, Ginny; Christian, Meg; Dlugacz, Judy; Gair, Cyndi; Harris, Helaine (August–September 1974). "the muses of olivia: our own economy, our own song". <i>Off Our Backs</i>. <b>4</b> (9): 2–3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Off+Our+Backs&rft.atitle=the+muses+of+olivia%3A+our+own+economy%2C+our+own+song&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=2-3&rft.date=1974-08%2F1974-09&rft.aulast=Berson&rft.aufirst=Ginny&rft.au=Christian%2C+Meg&rft.au=Dlugacz%2C+Judy&rft.au=Gair%2C+Cyndi&rft.au=Harris%2C+Helaine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlivia+Records" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2015" class="citation journal cs1">Morris, Bonnie (June 2015). "Olivia Records: The Production of a Movement". <i>Journal of Lesbian Studies</i>. <b>19</b> (3): 290–304. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10894160.2015.1026699">10.1080/10894160.2015.1026699</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26075684">26075684</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205753708">205753708</a> – via Taylor & Francis.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Lesbian+Studies&rft.atitle=Olivia+Records%3A+The+Production+of+a+Movement&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=290-304&rft.date=2015-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A205753708%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26075684&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10894160.2015.1026699&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Bonnie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlivia+Records" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray2007" class="citation journal cs1">Murray, Heather (May 2007). "Free for All Lesbians: Lesbian Cultural Production and Consumption in the United States during the 1970s". <i>Journal of the History of Sexuality</i>. <b>16</b> (2): 251–275. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fsex.2007.0046">10.1353/sex.2007.0046</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19244670">19244670</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9416941">9416941</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+History+of+Sexuality&rft.atitle=Free+for+All+Lesbians%3A+Lesbian+Cultural+Production+and+Consumption+in+the+United+States+during+the+1970s&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=251-275&rft.date=2007-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A9416941%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19244670&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fsex.2007.0046&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Heather&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlivia+Records" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://americanamusic.org/news/olivia-records%E2%80%99-judy-dlugacz-and-cris-williamson-receive-americana-jack-emerson-lifetime">"Olivia Records' Judy Dlugacz and Cris Williamson to Receive Americana Jack Emerson Lifetime Achievement Award for Executive"</a>. <i>Americana Music</i>. July 15, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Americana+Music&rft.atitle=Olivia+Records%27+Judy+Dlugacz+and+Cris+Williamson+to+Receive+Americana+Jack+Emerson+Lifetime+Achievement+Award+for+Executive&rft.date=2018-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famericanamusic.org%2Fnews%2Folivia-records%25E2%2580%2599-judy-dlugacz-and-cris-williamson-receive-americana-jack-emerson-lifetime&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlivia+Records" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Records&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.QueerMusicHeritage.com/may2008.html">Comprehensive Radio Documentary and Discography</a> from Queer Music Heritage</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolden1983" class="citation news cs1">Holden, Stephen (November 4, 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/04/arts/pop-jazz-olivia-records-is-a-success-in-women-s-music.html">"Olivia Records is a Success in 'Women's Music'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. p. C00016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Olivia+Records+is+a+Success+in+%27Women%27s+Music%27&rft.pages=C00016&rft.date=1983-11-04&rft.aulast=Holden&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1983%2F11%2F04%2Farts%2Fpop-jazz-olivia-records-is-a-success-in-women-s-music.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlivia+Records" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiveten1988" class="citation news cs1">Liveten, Sharon (May 14, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-05-14-ca-2571-story.html">"Olivia Records, a Healthy Gain in 15 Years"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/LA_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="LA Times">LA Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LA+Times&rft.atitle=Olivia+Records%2C+a+Healthy+Gain+in+15+Years&rft.date=1988-05-14&rft.aulast=Liveten&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1988-05-14-ca-2571-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlivia+Records" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2018" class="citation web cs1">Morris, Bonnie J. (March 30, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/how-should-we-archive-soundtrack-1970s-feminism-180968637/">"How Should We Archive the Soundtrack to 1970s Feminism?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian.com">Smithsonian.com</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian.com&rft.atitle=How+Should+We+Archive+the+Soundtrack+to+1970s+Feminism%3F&rft.date=2018-03-30&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Bonnie+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Farts-culture%2Fhow-should-we-archive-soundtrack-1970s-feminism-180968637%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlivia+Records" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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Allen">Paula Gunn Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Allison" title="Dorothy Allison">Dorothy Allison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ti-Grace_Atkinson" title="Ti-Grace Atkinson">Ti-Grace Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alison_Bechdel" title="Alison Bechdel">Alison Bechdel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Torton_Beck" title="Evelyn Torton Beck">Evelyn Torton Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Ben-Shalom" title="Miriam Ben-Shalom">Miriam Ben-Shalom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Bindel" title="Julie Bindel">Julie Bindel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivy_Bottini" title="Ivy Bottini">Ivy Bottini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bunch" title="Charlotte Bunch">Charlotte Bunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Clarke" title="Cheryl Clarke">Cheryl Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Cliff" title="Michelle Cliff">Michelle Cliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Clinton" title="Kate Clinton">Kate Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_C%C3%B3rdova" title="Jeanne Córdova">Jeanne Córdova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Daly" title="Mary Daly">Mary Daly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Dashu" title="Max Dashu">Max Dashu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm%C3%A9_DeLarverie" title="Stormé DeLarverie">Stormé DeLarverie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_DiMassa" title="Diane DiMassa">Diane DiMassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alix_Dobkin" title="Alix Dobkin">Alix Dobkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Dworkin" title="Andrea Dworkin">Andrea Dworkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elana_Dykewomon" title="Elana Dykewomon">Elana Dykewomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Faderman" title="Lillian Faderman">Lillian Faderman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferron" title="Ferron">Ferron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Frye" title="Marilyn Frye">Marilyn Frye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michiyo_Fukaya" title="Michiyo Fukaya">Michiyo Fukaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Gage" title="Carolyn Gage">Carolyn Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Gottschalk" title="Donna Gottschalk">Donna Gottschalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Hoagland" title="Sarah Hoagland">Sarah Hoagland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karla_Jay" title="Karla Jay">Karla Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Jeffreys" title="Sheila Jeffreys">Sheila Jeffreys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Johnston" title="Jill Johnston">Jill Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanie_Kaye/Kantrowitz" title="Melanie Kaye/Kantrowitz">Melanie Kaye/Kantrowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Larkin" title="Joan Larkin">Joan Larkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Livia_(author)" title="Anna Livia (author)">Anna Livia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audre_Lorde" title="Audre Lorde">Audre Lorde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Martin_and_Phyllis_Lyon" title="Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon">Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherr%C3%ADe_Moraga" title="Cherríe Moraga">Cherríe Moraga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_J._Morris" title="Bonnie J. Morris">Bonnie J. Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Mountaingrove" title="Ruth Mountaingrove">Ruth Mountaingrove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_O%27Leary" title="Jean O'Leary">Jean O'Leary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Parker" title="Pat Parker">Pat Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Penelope" title="Julia Penelope">Julia Penelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janice_Raymond" title="Janice Raymond">Janice Raymond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrienne_Rich" title="Adrienne Rich">Adrienne Rich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sloan-Hunter" title="Margaret Sloan-Hunter">Margaret Sloan-Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Smith" title="Barbara Smith">Barbara Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cris_Williamson" title="Cris Williamson">Cris Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monique_Wittig" title="Monique Wittig">Monique Wittig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Zimmerman" title="Bonnie Zimmerman">Bonnie Zimmerman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_lesbian_feminist_organizations" title="List of lesbian feminist organizations">Groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMASONG" title="AMASONG">AMASONG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Bookstore_Cooperative" title="Amazon Bookstore Cooperative">Amazon Bookstore Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjaree" title="Anjaree">Anjaree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_Singers" title="Artemis Singers">Artemis Singers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Lesbian_Feminist_Alliance" title="Atlanta Lesbian Feminist Alliance">Atlanta Lesbian Feminist Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bi-National_Lesbian_Conference" title="Bi-National Lesbian Conference">Bi-National Lesbian Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Lesbian_Liberation" title="Chicago Lesbian Liberation">Chicago Lesbian Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combahee_River_Collective" title="Combahee River Collective">Combahee River Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connexxus_Women%27s_Center/Centro_de_Mujeres" title="Connexxus Women's Center/Centro de Mujeres">Connexxus Women's Center/Centro de Mujeres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Bilitis" title="Daughters of Bilitis">Daughters of Bilitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Bilitis_(Australia)" title="Daughters of Bilitis (Australia)">Daughters of Bilitis (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Feminists" title="The Feminists">The Feminists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Black_Lesbian_Conference" title="First Black Lesbian Conference">First Black Lesbian Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Furies_Collective" title="The Furies Collective">The Furies Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_Women%27s_Alternative" title="Gay Women's Alternative">Gay Women's Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouines_rouges" title="Gouines rouges">Gouines rouges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_L._Mazer_Lesbian_Archives" title="June L. Mazer Lesbian Archives">June L. Mazer Lesbian Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_Menace" title="Lavender Menace">Lavender Menace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Revolutionary_Feminist_Group" title="Leeds Revolutionary Feminist Group">Leeds Revolutionary Feminist Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Art_Project" title="Lesbian Art Project">Lesbian Art Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Avengers" title="Lesbian Avengers">Lesbian Avengers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Feminist_Liberation" title="Lesbian Feminist Liberation">Lesbian Feminist Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Herstory_Archives" title="Lesbian Herstory Archives">Lesbian Herstory Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Movement_(Denmark)" title="Lesbian Movement (Denmark)">Lesbian Movement (Denmark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Organization_of_Toronto" title="Lesbian Organization of Toronto">Lesbian Organization of Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbians_Against_Pit_Closures" title="Lesbians Against Pit Closures">Lesbians Against Pit Closures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Legion_of_Lesbians" title="Lincoln Legion of Lesbians">Lincoln Legion of Lesbians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujeres_Creando" title="Mujeres Creando">Mujeres Creando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Women%27s_Land_Trust" title="Oregon Women's Land Trust">Oregon Women's Land Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_Soul_Sisters" title="Salsa Soul Sisters">Salsa Soul Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Spit" title="Sister Spit">Sister Spit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_for_Homophile_Equality" title="Sisters for Homophile Equality">Sisters for Homophile Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Dykes" title="Van Dykes">Van Dykes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butch_(lesbian_slang)" title="Butch (lesbian slang)">Butch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butch_and_femme" title="Butch and femme">Butch and femme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_heterosexuality" title="Compulsory heterosexuality">Compulsory heterosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyke_(slang)" title="Dyke (slang)">Dyke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_separatism" title="Feminist separatism">Feminist separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femme" title="Femme">Femme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-critical_feminism" title="Gender-critical feminism">Gender-critical feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_bed_death" title="Lesbian bed death">Lesbian bed death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_erasure" title="Lesbian erasure">Lesbian erasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_feminism" title="Lesbian feminism">Lesbian feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbians_in_Francoist_Spain" title="Lesbians in Francoist Spain">Lesbians in Francoist Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbians_in_the_Spanish_Second_Republic" title="Lesbians in the Spanish Second Republic">Lesbians in the Spanish Second Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbophobia">Lesbophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipstick_lesbian" title="Lipstick lesbian">Lipstick lesbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_lesbianism" title="Political lesbianism">Political lesbianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_lesbianism" title="Radical lesbianism">Radical lesbianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_butch" title="Soft butch">Soft butch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_butch" title="Stone butch">Stone butch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_femme" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone femme">Stone femme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-Haul_lesbian" title="U-Haul lesbian">U-Haul lesbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womyn-born_womyn" title="Womyn-born womyn">Womyn-born womyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womyn%27s_land" title="Womyn's land">Womyn's land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Gu%C3%A9rill%C3%A8res" title="Les Guérillères">Les Guérillères</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Nation" title="Lesbian Nation">Lesbian Nation</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Corps_Lesbien" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Corps Lesbien">Le Corps Lesbien</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lover_(novel)" title="Lover (novel)">Lover</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wanderground" title="The Wanderground">The Wanderground</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zami:_A_New_Spelling_of_My_Name" title="Zami: A New Spelling of My Name">Zami: A New Spelling of My Name</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lesbian/Woman" title="Lesbian/Woman">Lesbian/Woman</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Straight_Mind_and_Other_Essays" title="The Straight Mind and Other Essays">The Straight Mind and Other Essays</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boots_of_Leather,_Slippers_of_Gold" title="Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold">Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Your_Silence_Will_Not_Protect_You" title="Your Silence Will Not Protect You">Your Silence Will Not Protect You</a></i> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Die_Freundin" title="Die Freundin">Die Freundin</a></i> (1924–1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vice_Versa_(magazine)" title="Vice Versa (magazine)">Vice Versa</a></i> (1947–1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ladder_(magazine)" title="The Ladder (magazine)">The Ladder</a></i> (1956–1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arena_Three" title="Arena Three">Arena Three</a></i> (1963-1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Woman-Identified_Woman" title="The Woman-Identified Woman">The Woman-Identified Woman</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Off_Our_Backs" title="Off Our Backs">Off Our Backs</a></i> (1970–2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lavender_Woman" title="Lavender Woman">Lavender Woman</a></i> (1971–1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Tide" title="Lesbian Tide">Lesbian Tide</a></i> (1971–1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dykes_%26_Gorgons" title="Dykes & Gorgons">Dykes & Gorgons</a></i> (1973–1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Feminist_Circle" title="Lesbian Feminist Circle">Lesbian Feminist Circle</a></i> (1973–1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/WomanSpirit" title="WomanSpirit">WomanSpirit</a></i> (1974–1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Connection" title="Lesbian Connection">Lesbian Connection</a></i> (1974–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conditions_(magazine)" title="Conditions (magazine)">Conditions</a></i> (1976–1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinister_Wisdom" title="Sinister Wisdom">Sinister Wisdom</a></i> (1976–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Azalea:_A_Magazine_by_Third_World_Lesbians" title="Azalea: A Magazine by Third World Lesbians">Azalea: A Magazine by Third World Lesbians</a></i> (1977–1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Common_Lives/Lesbian_Lives" title="Common Lives/Lesbian Lives">Common Lives/Lesbian Lives</a></i> (1980–1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Onyx:_Black_Lesbian_Newsletter" title="Onyx: Black Lesbian Newsletter">Onyx: Black Lesbian Newsletter</a></i> (1982–1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amazones_d%27Hier,_Lesbiennes_d%27Aujourd%27hui" title="Amazones d'Hier, Lesbiennes d'Aujourd'hui">Amazones d'Hier, Lesbiennes d'Aujourd'hui</a></i> (1982–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dykes_to_Watch_Out_For" title="Dykes to Watch Out For">Dykes to Watch Out For</a></i> (1983–2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hothead_Paisan" title="Hothead Paisan">Hothead Paisan</a></i> (1991–1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diva_(magazine)" title="Diva (magazine)">Diva</a></i> (1994–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Lesbian_Studies" title="Journal of Lesbian Studies">Journal of Lesbian Studies</a></i> (1997–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jane%27s_World" title="Jane's World">Jane's World</a></i> (1998–2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Curve_(magazine)" title="Curve (magazine)">Curve</a></i> (2000–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/AfterEllen" title="AfterEllen">AfterEllen</a></i> (2002–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Velvetpark" title="Velvetpark">Velvetpark</a></i> (2007–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Gadsby:_Nanette" title="Hannah Gadsby: Nanette">Hannah Gadsby: Nanette</a></i> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Actions and ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cineffable" title="Cineffable">Cineffable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyke_march" title="Dyke march">Dyke march</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_bar" title="Lesbian bar">Lesbian bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_flags" title="Lesbian flags">Lesbian flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_literature" title="Lesbian literature">Lesbian literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_pulp_fiction" title="Lesbian pulp fiction">Lesbian pulp fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maud%27s_(bar)" title="Maud's (bar)">Maud's (bar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Womyn%27s_Music_Festival" title="Michigan Womyn's Music Festival">Michigan Womyn's Music Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motherpeace_Tarot" title="Motherpeace Tarot">Motherpeace Tarot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Moving_Coffeehouse" title="Mountain Moving Coffeehouse">Mountain Moving Coffeehouse</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Olivia Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Lesbian_and_Feminist_Film_Festival" title="Paris Lesbian and Feminist Film Festival">Paris Lesbian and Feminist Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peg%27s_Place_(bar)" title="Peg's Place (bar)">Peg's Place (bar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Some_Prefer_Cake" title="Some Prefer Cake">Some Prefer Cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_music" title="Women's music">Women's music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Week_Provincetown" title="Women's Week Provincetown">Women's Week Provincetown</a></li></ul> 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title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_independent_record_labels" title="Category:American independent record labels">American independent record labels</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Feminist_collectives" title="Category:Feminist collectives">Feminist collectives</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lesbian_culture_in_California" title="Category:Lesbian culture in California">Lesbian culture in California</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lesbian_culture_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Category:Lesbian culture in Washington, D.C.">Lesbian culture in Washington, D.C.</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lesbian_collectives" title="Category:Lesbian collectives">Lesbian collectives</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lesbian_feminist_mass_media" title="Category:Lesbian feminist mass media">Lesbian feminist mass media</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lesbian_feminist_organizations_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Lesbian feminist 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