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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sinatra Doctrine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctrina_Sinatra" title="Doctrina Sinatra – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Doctrina Sinatra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinatradoktrinen" title="Sinatradoktrinen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sinatradoktrinen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinatra-Doktrin" title="Sinatra-Doktrin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sinatra-Doktrin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinatra_doktriin" title="Sinatra doktriin – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sinatra doktriin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctrina_Sinatra" title="Doctrina Sinatra – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Doctrina Sinatra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="دکترین سیناترا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دکترین سیناترا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctrine_Sinatra" title="Doctrine Sinatra – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Doctrine Sinatra" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%82%98%ED%8A%B8%EB%9D%BC_%EB%8F%85%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%B0" title="시나트라 독트린 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시나트라 독트린" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinatrina_doktrina" title="Sinatrina doktrina – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sinatrina doktrina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktrin_Sinatra" title="Doktrin Sinatra – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Doktrin Sinatra" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dottrina_Sinatra" title="Dottrina Sinatra – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dottrina Sinatra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%94" title="דוקטרינת סינטרה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דוקטרינת סינטרה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dotrina_Sinatra" title="Dotrina Sinatra – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Dotrina Sinatra" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinatra-doktr%C3%ADna" title="Sinatra-doktrína – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sinatra-doktrína" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%8A%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%89%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3" title="シナトラ・ドクトリン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シナトラ・ドクトリン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktryna_Sinatry" title="Doktryna Sinatry – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Doktryna Sinatry" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doutrina_Sinatra" title="Doutrina Sinatra – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Doutrina Sinatra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctrina_Sinatra" title="Doctrina Sinatra – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Doctrina Sinatra" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Доктрина Синатры – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Доктрина Синатры" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Синатрина доктрина – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Синатрина доктрина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinatrina_doktrina" title="Sinatrina doktrina – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sinatrina doktrina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinatran_oppi" title="Sinatran oppi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sinatran oppi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinatradoktrinen" title="Sinatradoktrinen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sinatradoktrinen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinatra_Doktrini" title="Sinatra Doktrini – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sinatra Doktrini" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%8Dc_thuy%E1%BA%BFt_Sinatra" title="Học thuyết Sinatra – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Học thuyết Sinatra" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E7%B4%8D%E5%B1%88%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="辛納屈主義 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="辛納屈主義" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q917452#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Joke slogan describing the loosening of relations between the USSR and satellite states</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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.mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-One_source plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-one_source" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>relies largely or entirely on a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source" title="Wikipedia:Articles with a single source">single source</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Sinatra_Doctrine" title="Talk:Sinatra Doctrine">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sinatra_Doctrine&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">introducing citations to additional sources</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Sinatra+Doctrine%22">"Sinatra Doctrine"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Sinatra+Doctrine%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Sinatra+Doctrine%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Sinatra+Doctrine%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Sinatra+Doctrine%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Sinatra+Doctrine%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-person vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color:#D70000;color:inherit;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gorbachev_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Gorbachev_%28cropped%29.png/75px-Gorbachev_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Gorbachev_%28cropped%29.png/113px-Gorbachev_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Gorbachev_%28cropped%29.png/150px-Gorbachev_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="894" data-file-height="1160" /></a></span></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color:#D70000;color: #FFF;"><div><span class="tmp-color" style="color: #FFF">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FFF; text-decoration: inherit;">Mikhail Gorbachev</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <hr /> <p><b>Former <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">General Secretary of the CPSU</a></b><br /> <b>Former <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="President of the Soviet Union">President of the Soviet Union</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev#Early_life_and_education" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Early life</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/General_secretaryship_of_Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="General secretaryship of Mikhail Gorbachev">General Secretariate</a></b> (1985–1991) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of leaders of the Soviet Union">Soviet leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">Perestroika</a> – <a href="/wiki/Uskorenie" title="Uskorenie">Uskorenie</a> – <a href="/wiki/Glasnost" title="Glasnost">Glasnost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_Russian_Empire_and_the_Soviet_Union#Gorbachev's_anti-alcohol_campaign" title="Prohibition in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union">Anti-alcohol campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster" title="Chernobyl disaster">Chernobyl disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demokratizatsiya_(Soviet_Union)" title="Demokratizatsiya (Soviet Union)">Demokratizatsiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_on_Cooperatives" title="Law on Cooperatives">Law on Cooperatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Armenian_earthquake" title="1988 Armenian earthquake">Spitak earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" title="Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan">Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Soviet_Union_legislative_election" title="1989 Soviet Union legislative election">1989 elections</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Presidency</b> (1990–1991) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of heads of state of the Soviet Union">Head of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Soviet_Union_presidential_election" title="1990 Soviet Union presidential election">1990 Election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_October_Revolution_Parade#Attempted_assassination_of_Gorbachev" title="1990 October Revolution Parade">Assassination attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetary_reform_in_the_Soviet_Union,_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="Monetary reform in the Soviet Union, 1991">Pavlov reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Union_Treaty" title="New Union Treaty">New Union Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt">August Coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Foreign policy</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_political_thinking" title="New political thinking">New thinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murmansk_Initiative" title="Murmansk Initiative">Murmansk Initiative</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sinatra Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="List of international trips made by Mikhail Gorbachev">International trips</a></li> <li>Summits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Summit_(1985)" title="Geneva Summit (1985)">Geneva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk_Summit" title="Reykjavík Summit">Reykjavík</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Summit_(1987)" title="Washington Summit (1987)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Summit_(1988)" title="Moscow Summit (1988)">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governors_Island_Summit" title="Governors Island Summit">Governors Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_Summit" title="Malta Summit">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Summit_(1990)" title="Helsinki Summit (1990)">Helsinki</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khomeini%27s_letter_to_Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Khomeini's letter to Mikhail Gorbachev">Letter from Khomeini</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Post-leadership</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Mikhail Gorbachev 1996 presidential campaign">1996 presidential campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gorbachev_Foundation" title="The Gorbachev Foundation">The Gorbachev Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Cross_International" title="Green Cross International">Green Cross International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev_Pizza_Hut_commercial" title="Mikhail Gorbachev Pizza Hut commercial">Pizza Hut commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Russia_(2001)" title="Social Democratic Party of Russia (2001)">Social Democratic Party of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Death and funeral of Mikhail Gorbachev">Death and funeral</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="skin-invert-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev's signature"><img alt="Mikhail Gorbachev's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Gorbachev_Signature.svg/150px-Gorbachev_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Gorbachev_Signature.svg/225px-Gorbachev_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Gorbachev_Signature.svg/300px-Gorbachev_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="223" data-file-height="50" /></a></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1956%E2%80%931991).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="587" data-file-height="605" /></a></span> </p> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mikhail_Gorbachev" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mikhail Gorbachev"><b>Media gallery</b></a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mikhail_Gorbachev_series" title="Template:Mikhail Gorbachev series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mikhail_Gorbachev_series" title="Template talk:Mikhail Gorbachev series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mikhail_Gorbachev_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mikhail Gorbachev series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Sinatra Doctrine</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Soviet_foreign_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet foreign policy">Soviet foreign policy</a> under <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> for allowing <a href="/wiki/Member_state" title="Member state">member states</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a> to determine their own <a href="/wiki/Domestic_policy" title="Domestic policy">domestic affairs</a>. The name humorously alluded to the song "<a href="/wiki/My_Way" title="My Way">My Way</a>" popularized by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a>—the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> was allowing these states to go their own way. Its implementation was part of Gorbachev's doctrine of <a href="/wiki/New_political_thinking" title="New political thinking">new political thinking</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinatra_Doctrine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Sinatra Doctrine was a significant break from the earlier <a href="/wiki/Brezhnev_Doctrine" title="Brezhnev Doctrine">Brezhnev Doctrine</a>, under which Moscow tightly controlled the internal affairs of <a href="/wiki/Satellite_state" title="Satellite state">satellite state</a>. This had been used to justify the crushing of the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Revolution of 1956</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia</a> in 1968, as well as <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">the invasion of the non-Warsaw Pact nation of Afghanistan</a> in 1979. By the late 1980s, structural flaws within the Soviet system, growing economic problems, the rise of <a href="/wiki/Anti-communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-communist">anti-communist</a> sentiment, and the effects of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a> made it increasingly impractical for the Soviet Union to impose its will on its neighbors. </p><p>The phrase was coined on 25 October 1989 by Foreign Ministry spokesman <a href="/wiki/Gennadi_Gerasimov" title="Gennadi Gerasimov">Gennadi Gerasimov</a>. He was speaking to reporters in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> about a speech made two days earlier by Soviet Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze" title="Eduard Shevardnadze">Eduard Shevardnadze</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter had said that the Soviets recognized the freedom of choice of all countries, specifically including the other Warsaw Pact states. Gerasimov told the interviewer, "We now have the Frank Sinatra doctrine. He has a song, <i>I Did It My Way.</i> So every country decides on its own which road to take." When asked whether this would include Moscow accepting the rejection of communist parties in the Soviet bloc, he replied: "That's for sure … political structures must be decided by the people who live there." </p><p>The Sinatra Doctrine has been seen as Moscow permitting its allies to decide their futures. It was a retrospective policy, as Soviet allies had already acquired much greater freedom of action. A month before Gerasimov's statement, Poland had elected its first non-communist government since the 1940s. The Hungarian government began dismantling the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a> on the border with Austria in the spring of 1989. From the <a href="/wiki/Pan-European_Picnic" title="Pan-European Picnic">Pan-European Picnic</a> in August, it was clear to the media-informed Eastern European population that, on the one hand, the Soviet Union would not prevent the opening of the border. On the other hand, the Eastern European governments were divided. Since Hungary was one of the few countries East Germans could travel to, thousands then traveled there to flee to the West across the newly opened border. To the great annoyance of the East German government, the Hungarians refused to stop the exodus.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These developments greatly disturbed hardline communists such as the East German leader <a href="/wiki/Erich_Honecker" title="Erich Honecker">Erich Honecker</a>, who condemned the end of the Soviet bloc's traditional "socialist unity" and appealed to Moscow to rein in the Hungarians. Honecker faced a growing crisis at home, with massive anti-government demonstrations in <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a> and other East German cities. Shevardnadze's speech and Gerasimov's memorable description of the new policy contradicted Honecker's appeals. </p><p>The Sinatra Doctrine proclamation had dramatic effects across the Soviet bloc. The beleaguered East German government had hoped for a Soviet intervention to defend communism in East Germany and elsewhere. However, the Sinatra Doctrine announcement signaled that the Soviet Union would not aid the East German communists. In a few months, the communist governments of East Germany, <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> had all been overthrown, thus bringing the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> to an end. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinatra_Doctrine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">Revolutions of 1989</a> <i>("Autumn of Nations")</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_political_thinking" title="New political thinking">New political thinking</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinatra_Doctrine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBuckley_Jr.2004" class="citation web cs1">Buckley Jr., William (26 May 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalreview.com/article/210798/sinatra-doctrine-william-f-buckley-jr">"The Sinatra Doctrine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Sinatra+Doctrine&rft.pub=National+Review&rft.date=2004-05-26&rft.aulast=Buckley+Jr.&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalreview.com%2Farticle%2F210798%2Fsinatra-doctrine-william-f-buckley-jr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinatra+Doctrine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLahodynsky2014" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lahodynsky, Otmar (9 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.profil.at/oesterreich/paneuropaeisches-picknick-die-generalprobe-mauerfall-377266">"Paneuropäisches Picknick: Die Generalprobe für den Mauerfall"</a> [Pan-European picnic: the dress rehearsal for the fall of the Berlin Wall]. <i><a href="/wiki/Profil_(magazine)" title="Profil (magazine)">Profil</a></i> (in German). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1022-2111">1022-2111</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Profil&rft.atitle=Paneurop%C3%A4isches+Picknick%3A+Die+Generalprobe+f%C3%BCr+den+Mauerfall&rft.date=2014-08-09&rft.issn=1022-2111&rft.aulast=Lahodynsky&rft.aufirst=Otmar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.profil.at%2Foesterreich%2Fpaneuropaeisches-picknick-die-generalprobe-mauerfall-377266&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinatra+Doctrine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141221200034/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/20-jahre-mauerfall/20-jahre-nach-dem-mauerfall-der-19-august-1989-war-ein-test-gorbatschows-1841524.html">"Der 19. August 1989 war ein Test für Gorbatschows"</a> [19 August 1989 was a test for Gorbachev]. <i><a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Allgemeine_Zeitung" title="Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung">Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung</a></i> (in German). 19 August 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/20-jahre-mauerfall/20-jahre-nach-dem-mauerfall-der-19-august-1989-war-ein-test-gorbatschows-1841524.html">the original</a> on 2014-12-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frankfurter+Allgemeine+Zeitung&rft.atitle=Der+19.+August+1989+war+ein+Test+f%C3%BCr+Gorbatschows&rft.date=2009-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.faz.net%2Faktuell%2Fpolitik%2F20-jahre-mauerfall%2F20-jahre-nach-dem-mauerfall-der-19-august-1989-war-ein-test-gorbatschows-1841524.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinatra+Doctrine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinatra_Doctrine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-10-25-mn-745-story.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Sinatra Doctrine' at Work in Warsaw Pact, Soviet Says"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> Reuters. 25 October 1989. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0458-3035">0458-3035</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=%E2%80%98Sinatra+Doctrine%E2%80%99+at+Work+in+Warsaw+Pact%2C+Soviet+Says&rft.date=1989-10-25&rft.issn=0458-3035&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1989-10-25-mn-745-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinatra+Doctrine" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Soviet Union–United States relations">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_relations" title="Sino-Soviet relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="India–Soviet Union relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_and_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Soviet Union and the Arab–Israeli conflict">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Japan–Soviet Union relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Laos–Soviet Union relations">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Malaysia–Soviet Union relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Pakistan–Soviet Union relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Palestine–Soviet Union relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Philippines–Soviet Union relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union%E2%80%93Sri_Lanka_relations" title="Soviet Union–Sri Lanka relations">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Soviet Union–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Austria–Soviet Union relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic%E2%80%93Soviet_relations" title="Baltic–Soviet relations">The Baltics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Denmark–Soviet Union relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="France–Soviet Union relations">France</a></li> <li>Germany <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations,_1918%E2%80%931941" title="Germany–Soviet Union relations, 1918–1941">Weimar and Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Germany%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="East Germany–Soviet Union relations">East Germany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Holy See–Soviet Union relations">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Hungary–Soviet Union relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Norway–Soviet Union relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Soviet Union–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union%E2%80%93Tonga_relations" title="Soviet Union–Tonga relations">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union%E2%80%93Vanuatu_relations" title="Soviet Union–Vanuatu relations">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1956%E2%80%931991).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of Arms of the Soviet Union"><img alt="Coat of Arms of the Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg/70px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg/105px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="587" data-file-height="605" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Multilateral_relations413" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Multilateralism" title="Multilateralism">Multilateral</a> relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Africa–Soviet Union relations">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_within_the_Comecon" title="International relations within the Comecon">Comecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_and_the_United_Nations" title="Soviet Union and the United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Diplomacy413" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diplomacy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brezhnev_Doctrine" title="Brezhnev Doctrine">Brezhnev Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaceful_coexistence" title="Peaceful coexistence">Peaceful coexistence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_European_Home" title="Common European Home">Common European Home</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sinatra Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Foreign trade of the Soviet Union">Foreign trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_occupations_by_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military occupations by the Soviet Union">Occupations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="padding:0.35em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Soviet_diplomats" title="Category:Soviet diplomats">Diplomats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Soviet_spies" title="Category:Soviet spies">Spies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:Treaties of the Soviet Union">Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Soviet_occupation" title="Template:Soviet occupation">Occupations by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Soviet_Union)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Soviet Union)">Foreign ministry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256394678">@media screen{.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-solo .navbox-title{background-color:#f0e68c}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-non-vocal .navbox-title{background-color:#f4bf92}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-non-perform .navbox-title{background-color:#bfe0bf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-group .navbox-title{background-color:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-cover .navbox-title{background-color:#d8bfd8}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-classical .navbox-title{background-color:#b0e0e6}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-temp .navbox-title{background-color:#d3d3d3}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}html.skin-theme-clienpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clienpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-solo" aria-labelledby="Frank_Sinatra729" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Frank_Sinatra" title="Template:Frank Sinatra"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Frank_Sinatra" title="Template talk:Frank Sinatra"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Frank_Sinatra" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Frank Sinatra"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Frank_Sinatra729" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Early_life_of_Frank_Sinatra" title="Early life of Frank Sinatra">Early life</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Political_life_of_Frank_Sinatra" title="Political life of Frank Sinatra">Political life</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra_discography" title="Frank Sinatra discography">Records</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Frank_Sinatra" title="List of songs recorded by Frank Sinatra">Songs</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra_filmography" title="Frank Sinatra filmography">Filmography</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Frank_Sinatra" title="List of awards and nominations received by Frank Sinatra">Awards</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Personal_life_of_Frank_Sinatra" title="Personal life of Frank Sinatra">Personal life</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra%27s_recorded_legacy" title="Frank Sinatra's recorded legacy">Style</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio<br />albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks vcard navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Columbia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Voice_of_Frank_Sinatra" title="The Voice of Frank Sinatra">The Voice of Frank Sinatra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Songs_by_Sinatra" title="Songs by Sinatra">Songs by Sinatra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Songs_by_Sinatra" title="Christmas Songs by Sinatra">Christmas Songs by Sinatra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankly_Sentimental" title="Frankly Sentimental">Frankly Sentimental</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dedicated_to_You_(Frank_Sinatra_album)" title="Dedicated to You (Frank Sinatra album)">Dedicated to You</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sing_and_Dance_with_Frank_Sinatra" title="Sing and Dance with Frank Sinatra">Sing and Dance with Frank Sinatra</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capitol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Songs_for_Young_Lovers" title="Songs for Young Lovers">Songs for Young Lovers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Swing_Easy!" title="Swing Easy!">Swing Easy!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Wee_Small_Hours" title="In the Wee Small Hours">In the Wee Small Hours</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Songs_for_Swingin%27_Lovers!" title="Songs for Swingin' Lovers!">Songs for Swingin' Lovers!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Close_to_You_(Frank_Sinatra_album)" title="Close to You (Frank Sinatra album)">Close to You</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Swingin%27_Affair!" title="A Swingin' Affair!">A Swingin' Affair!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Where_Are_You%3F_(Frank_Sinatra_album)" title="Where Are You? (Frank Sinatra album)">Where Are You?</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Jolly_Christmas_from_Frank_Sinatra" title="A Jolly Christmas from Frank Sinatra">A Jolly Christmas from Frank Sinatra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Come_Fly_with_Me_(Frank_Sinatra_album)" title="Come Fly with Me (Frank Sinatra album)">Come Fly with Me</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra_Sings_for_Only_the_Lonely" title="Frank Sinatra Sings for Only the Lonely">Frank Sinatra Sings for Only the Lonely</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Come_Dance_with_Me!_(album)" title="Come Dance with Me! (album)">Come Dance with Me!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/No_One_Cares" title="No One Cares">No One Cares</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nice_%27n%27_Easy" title="Nice 'n' Easy">Nice 'n' Easy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra%27s_Swingin%27_Session!!!" title="Sinatra's Swingin' Session!!!">Sinatra's Swingin' Session!!!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Come_Swing_with_Me!" title="Come Swing with Me!">Come Swing with Me!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Point_of_No_Return_(Frank_Sinatra_album)" title="Point of No Return (Frank Sinatra album)">Point of No Return</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Duets_(Frank_Sinatra_album)" title="Duets (Frank Sinatra album)">Duets</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Duets_II_(Frank_Sinatra_album)" title="Duets II (Frank Sinatra album)">Duets II</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reprise</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ring-a-Ding-Ding!" title="Ring-a-Ding-Ding!">Ring-a-Ding-Ding!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra_Swings" title="Sinatra Swings">Sinatra Swings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Remember_Tommy" title="I Remember Tommy">I Remember Tommy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra_and_Strings" title="Sinatra and Strings">Sinatra and Strings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra_and_Swingin%27_Brass" title="Sinatra and Swingin' Brass">Sinatra and Swingin' Brass</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_Alone_(Frank_Sinatra_album)" title="All Alone (Frank Sinatra album)">All Alone</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra_Sings_Great_Songs_from_Great_Britain" title="Sinatra Sings Great Songs from Great Britain">Sinatra Sings Great Songs from Great Britain</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra%E2%80%93Basie:_An_Historic_Musical_First" title="Sinatra–Basie: An Historic Musical First">Sinatra–Basie: An Historic Musical First</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Concert_Sinatra" title="The Concert Sinatra">The Concert Sinatra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra%27s_Sinatra" title="Sinatra's Sinatra">Sinatra's Sinatra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra_Sings_Days_of_Wine_and_Roses,_Moon_River,_and_Other_Academy_Award_Winners" title="Sinatra Sings Days of Wine and Roses, Moon River, and Other Academy Award Winners">Sinatra Sings Days of Wine and Roses, Moon River, and Other Academy Award Winners</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/America,_I_Hear_You_Singing" title="America, I Hear You Singing">America, I Hear You Singing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/It_Might_as_Well_Be_Swing" title="It Might as Well Be Swing">It Might as Well Be Swing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/12_Songs_of_Christmas_(Frank_Sinatra,_Bing_Crosby,_and_Fred_Waring_album)" title="12 Songs of Christmas (Frank Sinatra, Bing Crosby, and Fred Waring album)">12 Songs of Christmas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Softly,_as_I_Leave_You_(album)" title="Softly, as I Leave You (album)">Softly, as I Leave You</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/September_of_My_Years" title="September of My Years">September of My Years</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Kind_of_Broadway" title="My Kind of Broadway">My Kind of Broadway</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Man_and_His_Music" title="A Man and His Music">A Man and His Music</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moonlight_Sinatra" title="Moonlight Sinatra">Moonlight Sinatra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Strangers_in_the_Night_(Frank_Sinatra_album)" title="Strangers in the Night (Frank Sinatra album)">Strangers in the Night</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/That%27s_Life_(Frank_Sinatra_album)" title="That's Life (Frank Sinatra album)">That's Life</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Francis_Albert_Sinatra_%26_Ant%C3%B4nio_Carlos_Jobim" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Albert Sinatra & Antônio Carlos Jobim">Francis Albert Sinatra & Antônio Carlos Jobim</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_World_We_Knew" title="The World We Knew">The World We Knew</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Francis_A._%26_Edward_K." title="Francis A. & Edward K.">Francis A. & Edward K.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sinatra_Family_Wish_You_a_Merry_Christmas" title="The Sinatra Family Wish You a Merry Christmas">The Sinatra Family Wish You a Merry Christmas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cycles_(Frank_Sinatra_album)" title="Cycles (Frank Sinatra album)">Cycles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Way_(Frank_Sinatra_album)" title="My Way (Frank Sinatra album)">My Way</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Man_Alone_(album)" title="A Man Alone (album)">A Man Alone</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Watertown_(album)" title="Watertown (album)">Watertown</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra_%26_Company" title="Sinatra & Company">Sinatra & Company</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ol%27_Blue_Eyes_Is_Back" title="Ol' Blue Eyes Is Back">Ol' Blue Eyes Is Back</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Some_Nice_Things_I%27ve_Missed" title="Some Nice Things I've Missed">Some Nice Things I've Missed</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trilogy:_Past_Present_Future" title="Trilogy: Past Present Future">Trilogy: Past Present Future</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/She_Shot_Me_Down" title="She Shot Me Down">She Shot Me Down</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Qwest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/L.A._Is_My_Lady" title="L.A. Is My Lady">L.A. Is My Lady</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live<br />albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra_at_the_Sands" title="Sinatra at the Sands">Sinatra at the Sands</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Main_Event_%E2%80%93_Live" title="The Main Event – Live">The Main Event – Live</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra_Saga" title="Sinatra Saga">Sinatra Saga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra_Saga,_Vol._2" title="Sinatra Saga, Vol. 2">Sinatra Saga, Vol. 2</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra_%26_Sextet:_Live_in_Paris" title="Sinatra & Sextet: Live in Paris">Sinatra & Sextet: Live in Paris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra_80th:_Live_in_Concert" title="Sinatra 80th: Live in Concert">Sinatra 80th: Live in Concert</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra_with_the_Red_Norvo_Quintet:_Live_in_Australia,_1959" title="Frank Sinatra with the Red Norvo Quintet: Live in Australia, 1959">With Red Norvo Quintet: Live in Australia, 1959</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra_%2757_in_Concert" title="Sinatra '57 in Concert">Sinatra '57 in Concert</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Live_from_Las_Vegas_(Frank_Sinatra_album)" title="Live from Las Vegas (Frank Sinatra album)">Live from Las Vegas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra:_Vegas" title="Sinatra: Vegas">Sinatra: Vegas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra:_The_Greatest_Concerts" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Sinatra: The Greatest Concerts">Frank Sinatra: The Greatest Concerts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Live_at_the_Meadowlands" title="Live at the Meadowlands">Live at the Meadowlands</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra:_New_York" title="Sinatra: New York">Sinatra: New York</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Best_of_Vegas" title="Best of Vegas">Best of Vegas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra:_London" title="Sinatra: London">Sinatra: London</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra:_World_On_a_String" title="Sinatra: World On a String">Sinatra: World On a String</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinatra:_Standing_Room_Only&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinatra: Standing Room Only (page does not exist)">Sinatra: Standing Room Only</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/This_Is_Sinatra!" title="This Is Sinatra!">This Is Sinatra!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/This_Is_Sinatra_Volume_2" title="This Is Sinatra Volume 2">This Is Sinatra Vol. 2</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Look_to_Your_Heart_(Frank_Sinatra_album)" title="Look to Your Heart (Frank Sinatra album)">Look to Your Heart</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_the_Way_(Frank_Sinatra_album)" title="All the Way (Frank Sinatra album)">All the Way</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra_Sings_of_Love_and_Things" title="Sinatra Sings of Love and Things">Sinatra Sings of Love and Things</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra_%2765:_The_Singer_Today" title="Sinatra '65: The Singer Today">Sinatra '65: The Singer Today</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra%27s_Greatest_Hits" title="Frank Sinatra's Greatest Hits">Frank Sinatra's Greatest Hits</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra%27s_Greatest_Hits,_Vol._2" title="Frank Sinatra's Greatest Hits, Vol. 2">Frank Sinatra's Greatest Hits, Vol. 2</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Sinatra_%E2%80%93_Forty_Songs_from_the_Life_of_a_Man" title="Portrait of Sinatra – Forty Songs from the Life of a Man">Portrait of Sinatra – Forty Songs from the Life of a Man</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra%E2%80%93Jobim_Sessions" title="Sinatra–Jobim Sessions">Sinatra–Jobim Sessions</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Screen_Sinatra" title="Screen Sinatra">Screen Sinatra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All-Time_Greatest_Dorsey/Sinatra_Hits,_Vol._1-4" title="All-Time Greatest Dorsey/Sinatra Hits, Vol. 1-4">All-Time Greatest Dorsey/Sinatra Hits, Vol. 1-4</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Collectors_Series_(Frank_Sinatra_album)" title="Capitol Collectors Series (Frank Sinatra album)">Capitol Collector's Series</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra_Reprise:_The_Very_Good_Years" title="Sinatra Reprise: The Very Good Years">Sinatra Reprise: The Very Good Years</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra_Sings_the_Songs_of_Van_Heusen_%26_Cahn" title="Sinatra Sings the Songs of Van Heusen & Cahn">Sinatra Sings the Songs of Van Heusen & Cahn</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra:_Soundtrack_to_the_CBS_Mini-Series" title="Sinatra: Soundtrack to the CBS Mini-Series">Sinatra: Soundtrack to the CBS Mini-Series</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Best_of_the_Capitol_Years_(Frank_Sinatra_album)" title="The Best of the Capitol Years (Frank Sinatra album)">The Best of the Capitol Years</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Songs_by_Sinatra" title="Christmas Songs by Sinatra">Christmas Songs by Sinatra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra_Sings_the_Select_Johnny_Mercer" title="Frank Sinatra Sings the Select Johnny Mercer">Frank Sinatra Sings the Select Johnny Mercer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra_Sings_the_Select_Rodgers_%26_Hart" title="Frank Sinatra Sings the Select Rodgers & Hart">Frank Sinatra Sings the Select Rodgers & Hart</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Recordings_Nineteen_Thirty-Nine" title="The Complete Recordings Nineteen Thirty-Nine">The Complete Recordings Nineteen Thirty-Nine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra_80th:_All_the_Best" title="Sinatra 80th: All the Best">Sinatra 80th: All the Best</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Everything_Happens_to_Me_(Frank_Sinatra_album)" title="Everything Happens to Me (Frank Sinatra album)">Everything Happens to Me</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra_Sings_the_Select_Cole_Porter" title="Frank Sinatra Sings the Select Cole Porter">Frank Sinatra Sings the Select Cole Porter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra_Sings_the_Select_Sammy_Cahn" title="Frank Sinatra Sings the Select Sammy Cahn">Frank Sinatra Sings the Select Sammy Cahn</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits:_Early_Years" class="mw-redirect" title="Greatest Hits: Early Years">Greatest Hits: Early Years</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Very_Best_of_Frank_Sinatra" title="The Very Best of Frank Sinatra">The Very Best of Frank Sinatra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Sinatra:_Columbia_Classics" title="Portrait of Sinatra: Columbia Classics">Portrait of Sinatra: Columbia Classics</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Numbers_(album)" title="Lucky Numbers (album)">Lucky Numbers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Classic_Sinatra:_His_Greatest_Performances_1953%E2%80%931960" title="Classic Sinatra: His Greatest Performances 1953–1960">Classic Sinatra: His Greatest Performances 1953–1960</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Super_Hits_(Frank_Sinatra_album)" title="Super Hits (Frank Sinatra album)">Super Hits</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Way:_The_Best_of_Frank_Sinatra" title="My Way: The Best of Frank Sinatra">My Way: The Best of Frank Sinatra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Love_Songs_(Frank_Sinatra_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Love Songs (Frank Sinatra album)">Love Songs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Greatest_Love_Songs_(Frank_Sinatra_album)" title="Greatest Love Songs (Frank Sinatra album)">Greatest Love Songs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christmas_with_the_Rat_Pack" title="Christmas with the Rat Pack">Christmas with the Rat Pack</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra_Christmas_Collection" title="Frank Sinatra Christmas Collection">Frank Sinatra Christmas Collection</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Romance_(Frank_Sinatra_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Romance (Frank Sinatra album)">Romance</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Duets/Duets_II:_90th_Birthday_Limited_Collector%27s_Edition" title="Duets/Duets II: 90th Birthday Limited Collector's Edition">Duets/Duets II: 90th Birthday Limited Collector's Edition</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Romance:_Songs_from_the_Heart" title="Romance: Songs from the Heart">Romance: Songs from the Heart</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra_at_the_Movies" title="Sinatra at the Movies">Sinatra at the Movies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nothing_but_the_Best_(album)" title="Nothing but the Best (album)">Nothing but the Best</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seduction:_Sinatra_Sings_of_Love" title="Seduction: Sinatra Sings of Love">Seduction: Sinatra Sings of Love</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Classic_Sinatra_II" title="Classic Sinatra II">Classic Sinatra II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christmas_with_Sinatra_%26_Friends" title="Christmas with Sinatra & Friends">Christmas with Sinatra & Friends</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/36_Greatest_Hits!" title="36 Greatest Hits!">36 Greatest Hits!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Come_Fly_Away_(album)" title="Come Fly Away (album)">Come Fly Away</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra/Jobim:_The_Complete_Reprise_Recordings" title="Sinatra/Jobim: The Complete Reprise Recordings">Sinatra/Jobim: The Complete Reprise Recordings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra/Basie:_The_Complete_Reprise_Studio_Recordings" title="Sinatra/Basie: The Complete Reprise Studio Recordings">Sinatra/Basie: The Complete Reprise Studio Recordings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra:_Best_of_the_Best" title="Sinatra: Best of the Best">Sinatra: Best of the Best</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Best_of_Duets" class="mw-redirect" title="Best of Duets">Best of Duets</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra,_with_Love" title="Sinatra, with Love">Sinatra, with Love</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soundtrack<br />albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/High_Society_(soundtrack)" title="High Society (soundtrack)">High Society</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Young_at_Heart_(Doris_Day_and_Frank_Sinatra_album)" title="Young at Heart (Doris Day and Frank Sinatra album)">Young at Heart</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Robin_and_the_7_Hoods_(album)" title="Robin and the 7 Hoods (album)">Robin and the 7 Hoods</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra_Conducts_the_Music_of_Alec_Wilder" title="Frank Sinatra Conducts the Music of Alec Wilder">Frank Sinatra Conducts the Music of Alec Wilder</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra_Conducts_Tone_Poems_of_Color" title="Frank Sinatra Conducts Tone Poems of Color">Frank Sinatra Conducts Tone Poems of Color</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_I_Love_(album)" title="The Man I Love (album)">The Man I Love</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sleep_Warm" title="Sleep Warm">Sleep Warm</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra_Conducts_Music_from_Pictures_and_Plays" title="Frank Sinatra Conducts Music from Pictures and Plays">Frank Sinatra Conducts Music from Pictures and Plays</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Syms_by_Sinatra" title="Syms by Sinatra">Syms by Sinatra</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Box<br />sets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra%E2%80%93Jobim_Sessions" title="Sinatra–Jobim Sessions">Sinatra–Jobim Sessions</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Reprise_Collection" title="The Reprise Collection">The Reprise Collection</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Capitol_Years_(1990_Frank_Sinatra_album)" title="The Capitol Years (1990 Frank Sinatra album)">The Capitol Years</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Concepts_(album)" title="Concepts (album)">Concepts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Columbia_Years_1943%E2%80%931952:_The_Complete_Recordings" title="The Columbia Years 1943–1952: The Complete Recordings">The Complete Recordings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Song_Is_You_(Frank_Sinatra_album)" title="The Song Is You (Frank Sinatra album)">The Song Is You</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Columbia_Years_1943%E2%80%931952:_The_V-Discs" title="The Columbia Years 1943–1952: The V-Discs">The V-Discs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Reprise_Studio_Recordings" title="The Complete Reprise Studio Recordings">The Complete Reprise Studio Recordings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Capitol_Singles_Collection" title="The Complete Capitol Singles Collection">The Complete Capitol Singles Collection</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Best_of_the_Columbia_Years:_1943%E2%80%931952" title="The Best of the Columbia Years: 1943–1952">The Best of the Columbia Years</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra_%26_the_Tommy_Dorsey_Orchestra" title="Frank Sinatra & the Tommy Dorsey Orchestra">Frank Sinatra & the Tommy Dorsey Orchestra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Capitol_Years_(1998_Frank_Sinatra_album)" title="The Capitol Years (1998 Frank Sinatra album)">The Capitol Years</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reprise_Musical_Repertory_Theatre" title="Reprise Musical Repertory Theatre">Reprise Musical Repertory Theatre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra_in_Hollywood_1940%E2%80%931964" title="Frank Sinatra in Hollywood 1940–1964">Frank Sinatra in Hollywood</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Real_Complete_Columbia_Years_V-Discs" title="The Real Complete Columbia Years V-Discs">The Real Complete Columbia Years V-Discs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Voice:_Frank_Sinatra,_the_Columbia_Years_(1943%E2%80%931952)" title="The Voice: Frank Sinatra, the Columbia Years (1943–1952)">The Voice: Frank Sinatra, the Columbia Years (1943–1952)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra:_The_Reprise_Years" title="Frank Sinatra: The Reprise Years">The Reprise Years</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Duets:_20th_Anniversary_Deluxe_Edition" class="mw-redirect" title="Duets: 20th Anniversary Deluxe Edition">Duets: 20th Anniversary Deluxe Edition</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Sinatra" title="Ultimate Sinatra">Ultimate Sinatra</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribute<br />albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Jazz_Portrait_of_Frank_Sinatra" title="A Jazz Portrait of Frank Sinatra">A Jazz Portrait of Frank Sinatra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Perfectly_Frank" title="Perfectly Frank">Perfectly Frank</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manilow_Sings_Sinatra" title="Manilow Sings Sinatra">Manilow Sings Sinatra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/...Allow_Us_to_Be_Frank" title="...Allow Us to Be Frank">...Allow Us to Be Frank</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bolton_Swings_Sinatra:_The_Second_Time_Around" title="Bolton Swings Sinatra: The Second Time Around">Bolton Swings Sinatra: The Second Time Around</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Tribute_to_Frank_Sinatra" title="A Tribute to Frank Sinatra">A Tribute to Frank Sinatra</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribute<br />films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rat_Pack_(film)" title="The Rat Pack (film)">The Rat Pack</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Night_We_Called_It_a_Day_(film)" title="The Night We Called It a Day (film)">The Night We Called It a Day</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Videography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra:_A_Man_and_His_Music" title="Frank Sinatra: A Man and His Music">A Man and His Music</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Man_and_His_Music_%E2%80%93_Part_II" title="A Man and His Music – Part II">A Man and His Music – Part II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Man_and_His_Music_%2B_Ella_%2B_Jobim" title="A Man and His Music + Ella + Jobim">A Man and His Music + Ella + Jobim</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Francis_Albert_Sinatra_Does_His_Thing" title="Francis Albert Sinatra Does His Thing">Francis Albert Sinatra Does His Thing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra_(TV_program)" title="Sinatra (TV program)">Sinatra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra_in_Concert_at_Royal_Festival_Hall" title="Sinatra in Concert at Royal Festival Hall">Sinatra in Concert at Royal Festival Hall</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ol%27_Blue_Eyes_Is_Back" title="Ol' Blue Eyes Is Back">Ol' Blue Eyes Is Back</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra_%E2%80%93_The_Main_Event_(TV_program)" title="Sinatra – The Main Event (TV program)">Sinatra – The Main Event</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra_and_Friends" title="Sinatra and Friends">Sinatra and Friends</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_First_40_Years" title="The First 40 Years">The First 40 Years</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_and_His_Music_(TV_program)" title="The Man and His Music (TV program)">The Man and His Music</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Digital</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Reprise Rarities (Volume 1)</li> <li>Reprise Rarities (Volume 2)</li> <li>Reprise Rarities (Volume 3)</li> <li>Reprise Rarities (Volume 4)</li> <li>Reprise Rarities (Volume 5)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra_and_Jewish_activism" title="Frank Sinatra and Jewish activism">Frank Sinatra and Jewish activism</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra_Has_a_Cold" title="Frank Sinatra Has a Cold">Frank Sinatra Has a Cold</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoboken_Four" title="Hoboken Four">Hoboken Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Frank_Sinatra" title="Statue of Frank Sinatra">Hoboken statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landmarks_of_Hoboken,_New_Jersey#Frank_Sinatra_Park" title="Landmarks of Hoboken, New Jersey">Frank Sinatra Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Way_killings" title="My Way killings">My Way killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Riddle" title="Nelson Riddle">Nelson Riddle</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/None_but_the_Brave" title="None but the Brave">None but the Brave</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rat_Pack" title="Rat Pack">Rat Pack</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sinatra Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Palms" title="Twin Palms">Twin Palms</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra:_The_Musical" title="Sinatra: The Musical">Sinatra: The Musical</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Frank_Sinatra" title="Category:Frank Sinatra">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Revolutions_of_1989233" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fall_of_Communism" title="Template:Fall of Communism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fall_of_Communism" title="Template talk:Fall of Communism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fall_of_Communism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fall of Communism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Revolutions_of_1989233" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">Revolutions of 1989</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Internal<br />background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Era_of_Stagnation" title="Era of Stagnation">Era of Stagnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_communist_party_rule" title="Criticism of communist party rule">Criticism of communist party rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc_politics" title="Eastern Bloc politics">Eastern Bloc politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc_media_and_propaganda" title="Eastern Bloc media and propaganda">Eastern Bloc media and propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_the_Eastern_Bloc" title="Emigration from the Eastern Bloc">Emigration from the Eastern Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomenklatura" title="Nomenklatura">Nomenklatura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortage_economy" title="Shortage economy">Shortage economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communist_insurgencies_in_Central_and_Eastern_Europe" title="Anti-communist insurgencies in Central and Eastern Europe">Anti-communist insurgencies in Central and Eastern Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">International<br />background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_measures" title="Active measures">Active measures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_socialist_states" title="List of socialist states">List of socialist states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predictions_of_the_collapse_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Predictions of the collapse of the Soviet Union">Predictions of the collapse of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Doctrine" title="Reagan Doctrine">Reagan Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Empire">Soviet Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_and_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorism and the Soviet Union">Terrorism and the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Holy See–Soviet Union relations">Vatican Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Reforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uskorenie" title="Uskorenie">Uskorenie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">Perestroika</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demokratizatsiya_(Soviet_Union)" title="Demokratizatsiya (Soviet Union)">Demokratizatsiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khozraschyot" class="mw-redirect" title="Khozraschyot">Khozraschyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/500_Days_Program" title="500 Days Program">500 Days Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_political_thinking" title="New political thinking">New political thinking</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sinatra Doctrine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasnost" title="Glasnost">Glasnost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_and_Opening_Up" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform and Opening Up">Reform and Opening Up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Socialism with Chinese characteristics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%95i_M%E1%BB%9Bi" title="Đổi Mới">Đổi Mới</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Government<br />leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramiz_Alia" title="Ramiz Alia">Ramiz Alia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Nicolae Ceaușescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1roly_Gr%C3%B3sz" title="Károly Grósz">Károly Grósz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Honecker" title="Erich Honecker">Erich Honecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Jake%C5%A1" title="Miloš Jakeš">Miloš Jakeš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egon_Krenz" title="Egon Krenz">Egon Krenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wojciech_Jaruzelski" title="Wojciech Jaruzelski">Wojciech Jaruzelski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Milošević">Slobodan Milošević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathieu_K%C3%A9r%C3%A9kou" title="Mathieu Kérékou">Mathieu Kérékou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengistu_Haile_Mariam" title="Mengistu Haile Mariam">Mengistu Haile Mariam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ne_Win" title="Ne Win">Ne Win</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Sassou_Nguesso" title="Denis Sassou Nguesso">Denis Sassou Nguesso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heng_Samrin" title="Heng Samrin">Heng Samrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Ziyang" title="Zhao Ziyang">Zhao Ziyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todor_Zhivkov" title="Todor Zhivkov">Todor Zhivkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siad_Barre" title="Siad Barre">Siad Barre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Opposition<br />methods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_resistance" title="Civil resistance">Civil resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_chain_(politics)" title="Human chain (politics)">Human chains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnitizdat" title="Magnitizdat">Magnitizdat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_underground_press" title="Polish underground press">Polish underground press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_demonstration" title="Political demonstration">Political demonstration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protest" title="Protest">Protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samizdat" title="Samizdat">Samizdat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">Strike action</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Opposition<br />leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dub%C4%8Dek" title="Alexander Dubček">Alexander Dubček</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Iliescu" title="Ion Iliescu">Ion Iliescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Gang" title="Liu Gang">Liu Gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu%27erkaixi" class="mw-redirect" title="Wu'erkaixi">Wu'erkaixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chai_Ling" title="Chai Ling">Chai Ling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Dan_(dissident)" title="Wang Dan (dissident)">Wang Dan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_Congde" title="Feng Congde">Feng Congde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tank_Man" title="Tank Man">Tank Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Gauck" title="Joachim Gauck">Joachim Gauck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sali_Berisha" title="Sali Berisha">Sali Berisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjaas%C3%BCrengiin_Zorig" title="Sanjaasürengiin Zorig">Sanjaasürengiin Zorig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Bukovsky" title="Vladimir Bukovsky">Vladimir Bukovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Boris Yeltsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viacheslav_Chornovil" title="Viacheslav Chornovil">Viacheslav Chornovil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis">Vytautas Landsbergis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zianon_Pazniak" title="Zianon Pazniak">Zianon Pazniak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhelyu_Zhelev" title="Zhelyu Zhelev">Zhelyu Zhelev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meles_Zenawi" title="Meles Zenawi">Meles Zenawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaias_Afwerki" title="Isaias Afwerki">Isaias Afwerki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Opposition<br />movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Students%27_Autonomous_Federation" title="Beijing Students' Autonomous Federation">Beijing Students' Autonomous Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_77" title="Charter 77">Charter 77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Forum" title="New Forum">New Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Forum" title="Civic Forum">Civic Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Albania" title="Democratic Party of Albania">Democratic Party of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Russia" title="Democratic Russia">Democratic Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiative_for_Peace_and_Human_Rights" title="Initiative for Peace and Human Rights">Initiative for Peace and Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%85j%C5%ABdis" title="Sąjūdis">Sąjūdis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Movement_of_Ukraine" title="People's Movement of Ukraine">People's Movement of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_of_Latvia" title="Popular Front of Latvia">Popular Front of Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_of_Estonia" title="Popular Front of Estonia">Popular Front of Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Against_Violence" title="Public Against Violence">Public Against Violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Popular_Front" title="Belarusian Popular Front">Belarusian Popular Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastokhez" title="Rastokhez">Rastokhez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_League_for_Democracy" title="National League for Democracy">National League for Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Front_(Romania)" title="National Salvation Front (Romania)">National Salvation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democratic_Forces_(Bulgaria)" title="Union of Democratic Forces (Bulgaria)">Union of Democratic Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-regional_Deputies_Group" title="Inter-regional Deputies Group">Inter-regional Deputies Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Free_Democrats" title="Alliance of Free Democrats">Alliance of Free Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Democratic_Forum" title="Hungarian Democratic Forum">Hungarian Democratic Forum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Events<br />by location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Central and<br />Eastern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_communism_in_Albania" title="Fall of communism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Bulgaria#End_of_the_People's_Republic" title="People's Republic of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velvet_Revolution" title="Velvet Revolution">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaceful_Revolution" title="Peaceful Revolution">East Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_of_communism_in_Hungary" title="End of communism in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1945%E2%80%931989)#Final_decade_of_the_Polish_People's_Republic_(1980–1989)" title="History of Poland (1945–1989)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_revolution" title="Romanian revolution">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Soviet Union</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_Armenian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Armenian independence referendum">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Azerbaijani_independence_referendum" title="1991 Azerbaijani independence referendum">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Belarusian_strikes" title="1991 Belarusian strikes">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_Revolution" title="Chechen Revolution">Chechnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Georgian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Georgian independence referendum">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kazakhstan" title="History of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kyrgyzstan#Towards_independence:_1985-1991" title="History of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Moldova" title="Independence of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="History of the Russian Federation">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistani_Revolution" title="Tajikistani Revolution">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Turkmen_independence_referendum" title="1991 Turkmen independence referendum">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989%E2%80%931991_Ukrainian_revolution" title="1989–1991 Ukrainian revolution">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Uzbek_independence_election" title="1991 Uzbek independence election">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Elsewhere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1989%E2%80%931992)" title="Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicesse_Accords" title="Bicesse Accords">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Benin#Dissolution" title="People's Republic of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8888_Uprising" title="8888 Uprising">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Paris_Peace_Agreements" title="1991 Paris Peace Agreements">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre" title="1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_the_Congo#Transition" title="People's Republic of the Congo">Congo-Brazzaville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Derg_regime" title="Fall of the Derg regime">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Revolution_of_1990" title="Mongolian Revolution of 1990">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Civil_War#Transition_to_peace" title="Mozambican Civil War">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Rebellion" title="Somali Rebellion">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_unification" title="Yemeni unification">South Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Individual<br />events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeltoqsan" title="Jeltoqsan">Jeltoqsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987%E2%80%931989_Tibetan_unrest" title="1987–1989 Tibetan unrest">1987–1989 Tibetan unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_in_the_Caucasus" title="Wars in the Caucasus">Wars in the Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Polish_strikes" title="1988 Polish strikes">1988 Polish strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Round_Table_Agreement" title="Polish Round Table Agreement">Polish Round Table Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9_tragedy" title="April 9 tragedy">April 9 tragedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Removal_of_Hungary%27s_border_fence_with_Austria" title="Removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria">Removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Round_Table_Talks" title="Hungarian Round Table Talks">Hungarian Round Table Talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-European_Picnic" title="Pan-European Picnic">Pan-European Picnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Way" title="Baltic Way">Baltic Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monday_demonstrations_in_East_Germany" title="Monday demonstrations in East Germany">Monday Demonstrations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexanderplatz_demonstration" title="Alexanderplatz demonstration">Alexanderplatz demonstration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall" title="Fall of the Berlin Wall">Fall of the Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_inner_German_border" title="Fall of the inner German border">Fall of the inner German border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_Summit" title="Malta Summit">Malta Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_January" title="Black January">Black January</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990s_post-Soviet_aliyah" title="1990s post-Soviet aliyah">1990s post-Soviet aliyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Summit_(1990)" title="Helsinki Summit (1990)">Helsinki Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_on_Granite" title="Revolution on Granite">Revolution on Granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">Reunification of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_Events_(Lithuania)" class="mw-redirect" title="January Events (Lithuania)">January Events in Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Barricades" title="The Barricades">January Events in Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_protests_in_Belgrade" title="1991 protests in Belgrade">1991 protests in Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Belarusian_strikes" title="1991 Belarusian strikes">1991 Belarusian strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact#End_of_the_Cold_War" title="Warsaw Pact">Dissolution of the Warsaw Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_attempt" title="1991 Soviet coup attempt">August Coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistani_Civil_War" title="Tajikistani Civil War">Tajikistani Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Dissolution of Czechoslovakia">Dissolution of Czechoslovakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Later events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colour_revolution" title="Colour revolution">Colour revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decommunization" title="Decommunization">Decommunization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lustration" title="Lustration">Lustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratization" title="Democratization">Democratization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalization" title="Economic liberalization">Economic liberalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_conflicts" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Soviet conflicts">Post-Soviet conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Sovietism" title="Neo-Sovietism">Neo-Sovietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Stalinism" title="Neo-Stalinism">Neo-Stalinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-communism" title="Post-communism">Post-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_tide" title="Pink tide">Pink tide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Human rights in the Soviet Union">Human rights in the Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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