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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Background_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Family_and_early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_and_early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Family and early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_and_early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_career_and_further_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_career_and_further_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early career and further education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_career_and_further_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Later career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Selected publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ragnar Frisch</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 65 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ragnar Frisch" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%86%D8%B1_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B4" title="ركنر فرش – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ركنر فرش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raqnar_Fri%C5%9F" title="Raqnar Friş – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Raqnar Friş" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="راقنار فریش – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="راقنار فریش" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6" title="রাগনার ফ্রিশ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাগনার ফ্রিশ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Рагнар Фрыш – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рагнар Фрыш" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Рагнар Фрыш – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рагнар Фрыш" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Рагнар Фриш – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рагнар Фриш" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ragnar Frisch" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ragnar Frisch" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ragnar Frisch" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Anton_Kittil_Frisch" title="Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ragnar Frisch" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ragnar Frisch" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Anton_Kittil_Frisch" title="Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ragnar Frisch" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="راگنار فریش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راگنار فریش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Anton_Kittil_Frisch" title="Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ragnar Frisch" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ragnar Frisch" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9E%91%EB%82%98%EB%A5%B4_%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%88" title="랑나르 프리슈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="랑나르 프리슈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%80_%D5%96%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B7" title="Ռագնար Ֆրիշ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռագնար Ֆրիշ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6" title="रैगनर फ्रिश – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रैगनर फ्रिश" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Anton_Kittil_Frisch" title="Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Anton_Kittil_Frisch" title="Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ragnar Frisch" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%A8_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A9" title="רגנר פריש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רגנר פריש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98" title="რაგნარ ფრიში – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რაგნარ ფრიში" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Рагнар Фриш – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Рагнар Фриш" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnarus_Frisch" title="Ragnarus Frisch – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ragnarus Frisch" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangnars_Fri%C5%A1s" title="Rangnars Frišs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rangnars Frišs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ragnar Frisch" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Рагнар Фриш – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рагнар Фриш" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98" title="რაგნარ ფრიში – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რაგნარ ფრიში" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%86%D8%B1_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B4" title="ركنر فرش – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ركنر فرش" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ragnar Frisch" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ragnar Frisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6" title="रैग्नर फ्रिश – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रैग्नर फ्रिश" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B0%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5" title="ラグナル・フリッシュ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラグナル・フリッシュ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ragnar Frisch" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ragnar Frisch" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Anton_Kittil_Frisch" title="Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ragnar Frisch" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC" title="ਰਗਨਾਰ ਫਰਿਸ਼ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਗਨਾਰ ਫਰਿਸ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%B1_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B4" title="ریگنر فرش – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ریگنر فرش" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ragnar Frisch" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Anton_Kittil_Frisch" title="Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ragnar Frisch" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88,_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Фриш, Рагнар – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фриш, Рагнар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Рагнар Фриш – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Рагнар Фриш" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ragnar Frisch" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ragnar Frisch" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ragnar Frisch" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Рагнар Фриш – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рагнар Фриш" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ragnar Frisch" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ragnar Frisch" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D" title="రాగ్నర్ ఫ్రిష్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రాగ్నర్ ఫ్రిష్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Anton_Kittil_Frisch" title="Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D2%91%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%96%D1%88" title="Раґнар Фріш – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Раґнар Фріш" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B4%DA%86" title="راگنرفرشچ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="راگنرفرشچ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ragnar Frisch" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%97%E7%BA%B3%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%BD" title="朗纳·弗里施 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="朗纳·弗里施" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ragnar Frisch" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%97%E7%B4%8D%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%BD" title="朗納弗里施 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="朗納弗里施" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Ragnar Frisch</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Uio_frisch_2006_0025.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Uio_frisch_2006_0025.jpg/220px-Uio_frisch_2006_0025.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Uio_frisch_2006_0025.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="323" data-file-height="350" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Ragnar Frisch, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> before 1944</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1895-03-03</span>)</span>3 March 1895<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Kristiania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">31 January 1973<span style="display:none">(1973-01-31)</span> (aged 77)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Norwegian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo" title="University of Oslo">University of Oslo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Econometrics" title="Econometrics">Econometrics</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Production_theory_basics" class="mw-redirect" title="Production theory basics">Production theory</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Frisch_elasticity" class="mw-redirect" title="Frisch elasticity">Frisch elasticity</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</a> (1969)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">Economics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo" title="University of Oslo">University of Oslo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Olav_Reiers%C3%B8l" title="Olav Reiersøl">Olav Reiersøl</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Trygve_Haavelmo" title="Trygve Haavelmo">Trygve Haavelmo</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch</b> (3 March 1895 – 31 January 1973) was an influential <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norwegian</a> <a href="/wiki/Economist" title="Economist">economist</a> known for being one of the major contributors to establishing economics as a quantitative and statistically informed science in the early 20th century. He coined the term <a href="/wiki/Econometrics" title="Econometrics">econometrics</a> in 1926 for utilising statistical methods to describe economic systems, as well as the terms <a href="/wiki/Microeconomics" title="Microeconomics">microeconomics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macroeconomics" title="Macroeconomics">macroeconomics</a> in 1933, for describing individual and aggregate economic systems, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nbl.snl.no_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbl.snl.no-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ragnar_Frisch_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ragnar_Frisch-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the first to develop a statistically informed model of business cycles in 1933. Later work on the model, together with <a href="/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen">Jan Tinbergen</a>, won the first <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</a> in 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frisch became <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">dr.philos.</a> with a thesis on mathematics and statistics at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo" title="University of Oslo">University of Oslo</a> in 1926<i>.</i> After his doctoral thesis, he spent five years researching in the United States at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ragnar_Frisch_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ragnar_Frisch-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After teaching briefly at Yale from 1930–31, he was offered a full professorship in economics, which he declined after pressures by colleagues to return to the University of Oslo. After returning to Oslo, Frisch was first appointed by the <a href="/wiki/King-in-Council" title="King-in-Council">King-in-Council</a> as Professor of Economics and Statistics at the <a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Law,_University_of_Oslo" class="mw-redirect" title="Faculty of Law, University of Oslo">Faculty of Law, University of Oslo</a> (then the <i>Royal Frederick University</i>) in 1931, before becoming leader of the newly founded Institute of Economics at the University of Oslo in 1932.<sup id="cite_ref-nbl.snl.no_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbl.snl.no-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He remained at the University of Oslo until his retirement in 1965. </p><p>Frisch was one of the founders of the <a href="/wiki/Econometric_Society" title="Econometric Society">Econometric Society</a> in 1930, and edited the journal <i><a href="/wiki/Econometrica" title="Econometrica">Econometrica</a></i> for its first 21 years.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ragnar Frisch has given name to the <a href="/wiki/Frisch_Medal" title="Frisch Medal">Frisch Medal</a>, which is awarded every year by the <a href="/wiki/Econometric_Society" title="Econometric Society">Econometric Society</a> for the best paper in econometrics published in the last five years, as well as the Frisch-centre for Applied Economic Analysis at the University of Oslo.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Grand Auditorium at the Institute of Economics, University of Oslo also bears his name.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background_and_education">Background and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ragnar_Frisch&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_and_early_years">Family and early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ragnar_Frisch&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Family and early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anton_Frisch_(1865-1928).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Anton_Frisch_%281865-1928%29.jpg/170px-Anton_Frisch_%281865-1928%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Anton_Frisch_%281865-1928%29.jpg/255px-Anton_Frisch_%281865-1928%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Anton_Frisch_%281865-1928%29.jpg/340px-Anton_Frisch_%281865-1928%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="753" /></a><figcaption>Ragnar Frisch's father, Anton Frisch (1865–1928), goldsmith in Oslo, and a member of the <a href="/wiki/Frisch_family" title="Frisch family">Frisch family</a> of silver miners and goldsmiths</figcaption></figure> <p>Ragnar Frisch<sup id="cite_ref-autobio_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autobio-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was born on 3 March 1895 in <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Christiania</a> as the son of <a href="/wiki/Goldsmith" title="Goldsmith">gold-</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silversmith" title="Silversmith">silversmith</a> Anton Frisch and Ragna Fredrikke Frisch (née Kittilsen). The <a href="/wiki/Frisch_(Norwegian_family)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frisch (Norwegian family)">Frisch family</a> had emigrated from Germany to <a href="/wiki/Kongsberg" title="Kongsberg">Kongsberg</a> in Norway in the 17th century and his ancestors had worked for the <a href="/wiki/Kongsberg_Silver_Mines" title="Kongsberg Silver Mines">Kongsberg Silver Mines</a> for generations;<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ragnar's grandfather Antonius Frisch had become a goldsmith in Christiania in 1856. His family had thus worked with precious metals like silver and gold for at least 300 years. </p><p>Being expected to continue his family business, Frisch became an <a href="/wiki/Apprenticeship" title="Apprenticeship">apprentice</a> in the David Andersen workshop in Oslo. However at his mother's advice, while doing his apprenticeship Frisch also started studying at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Frederick_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Frederick University">Royal Frederick University</a>. His chosen topic was economics, as it seemed to be "the shortest and easiest study" available at the university,<sup id="cite_ref-autobio_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autobio-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and passed his degree in 1919. In 1920 he also passed his handicraftsman tests and became a partner in his father's workshop. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_career_and_further_education">Early career and further education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ragnar_Frisch&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early career and further education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1921 Frisch received a fellowship from the university which enabled him to spend three years studying economics and mathematics in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. After his return to <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, in 1923, although the family's business was having difficulties, he continued his scientific activity, believing that research, not jewellery, was his real calling.<sup id="cite_ref-Bjerkholt_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bjerkholt-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He published a few papers about <a href="/wiki/Probability_theory" title="Probability theory">probability theory</a>, started teaching at the University of Oslo during 1925 and, in 1926, he obtained the Dr. Philos. degree with a thesis in <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_statistics" title="Mathematical statistics">mathematical statistics</a>. </p><p>Also in 1926, Frisch published an article<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> outlining his view that economics should follow the same path towards theoretical and empirical quantization that other sciences, especially physics, had followed. During the same year, he published his seminal article "Sur un problème d'économie pure" starting the implementation of his own quantization programme. The article offered theoretical axiomatizations which result in a precise specification of both <a href="/wiki/Ordinal_utility" title="Ordinal utility">ordinal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_utility" title="Cardinal utility">cardinal utility</a>, followed by an empirical estimation of the cardinal specification. Frisch also started lecturing a course on <a href="/wiki/Production_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Production theory">production theory</a>, introducing a mathematization of the subject. </p><p>Frisch received a fellowship from the <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Foundation" title="Rockefeller Foundation">Rockefeller Foundation</a> to visit the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> in 1927. There, seeking other economists interested in the new mathematical and statistical approaches to economics, he associated with <a href="/wiki/Irving_Fisher" title="Irving Fisher">Irving Fisher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wesley_Clair_Mitchell" title="Wesley Clair Mitchell">Wesley Clair Mitchell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allyn_Young" class="mw-redirect" title="Allyn Young">Allyn Young</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Schultz" title="Henry Schultz">Henry Schultz</a>. He wrote a paper analyzing the role of <a href="/wiki/Investment_(macroeconomics)" title="Investment (macroeconomics)">investment</a> in explaining <a href="/wiki/Economic_fluctuations" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic fluctuations">economic fluctuations</a>. Wesley Mitchell, who had just written a book on <a href="/wiki/Business_cycle" title="Business cycle">business cycles</a>, popularized Frisch's paper which was introducing new advanced methods.<sup id="cite_ref-Bjerkholt_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bjerkholt-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_career">Later career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ragnar_Frisch&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although his fellowship was extended to travel to <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and France, the next year Frisch had to return to Norway because of his father's death. He spent one year to modernize and recapitalize his family's workshop by selling family assets and to find a jeweller to manage the business for him. Then he resumed academic work, in 1928 being appointed Associate Professor of statistics and economics at the Oslo University. During 1927 and 1928 Frisch published a series of articles on the statistics of time series. In 1929 he published his first important essay on econometric methodology, "Correlation and scatter in statistical variables",<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> followed in the same year by "Statics and dynamics in economic theory", which introduced dynamics in economic analysis.<sup id="cite_ref-SP_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SP-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frisch became a full Professor at the university in 1931. He also founded at the university the Rockefeller-funded Institute of Economics in 1932 and became its Director of Research. </p><p>Ragnar Frisch received the Antonio Feltrinelli prize from the <a href="/wiki/Accademia_Nazionale_dei_Lincei" class="mw-redirect" title="Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei">Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei</a> in 1961 and the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</a> in 1969 (awarded jointly with <a href="/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen">Jan Tinbergen</a>) for "having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a member of both the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Norway_by_Nazi_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany">occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany</a>, Frisch was arrested, along with 13 other University of Oslo faculty members and more than 100 students, in October 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was imprisoned in <a href="/wiki/Bredtveit_concentration_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Bredtveit concentration camp">Bredtveit concentration camp</a> from 17 October 1943, then in <a href="/wiki/Berg_concentration_camp" title="Berg concentration camp">Berg concentration camp</a> from 22 November 1943, then in <a href="/wiki/Grini_detention_camp" title="Grini detention camp">Grini detention camp</a> from 9 December 1943 to 8 October 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family">Family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ragnar_Frisch&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frisch married Marie Smedal in 1920 and they had a daughter, Ragna (b. 1938<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). His granddaughter, <a href="/wiki/Nadia_Hasnaoui" title="Nadia Hasnaoui">Nadia Hasnaoui</a> (Ragna's child), became a Norwegian television performer. After his first wife died in 1952, he remarried in 1953 with childhood friend Astrid Johannessen.<sup id="cite_ref-autobio_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autobio-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who died in 1980. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work">Work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ragnar_Frisch&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frisch was one of the founders of economics as a modern science. He made a number of significant advances in the field of economics and coined a number of new words including <a href="/wiki/Econometrics" title="Econometrics">econometrics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macroeconomics" title="Macroeconomics">macroeconomics</a>. His 1926 paper on consumer theory helped set up <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-Walrasian_research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neo-Walrasian research (page does not exist)">Neo-Walrasian research</a>. He formalized <a href="/wiki/Production_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Production theory">production theory</a>, especially in addressing nonallocable inputs leading to jointness, meaning less than full control, in production processes (see esp. Chapters 14 and 15).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In econometrics he worked on time series (1927) and linear regression analysis (1934). With <a href="/wiki/Frederick_V._Waugh" title="Frederick V. Waugh">Frederick V. Waugh</a>, he introduced the celebrated <a href="/wiki/Frisch%E2%80%93Waugh_theorem" class="mw-redirect" title="Frisch–Waugh theorem">Frisch–Waugh theorem</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Econometrica" title="Econometrica">Econometrica</a></i> 1933) (sometimes referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Frisch%E2%80%93Waugh%E2%80%93Lovell_theorem" title="Frisch–Waugh–Lovell theorem">Frisch–Waugh–Lovell theorem</a>). In <a href="/wiki/Oligopoly" title="Oligopoly">oligopoly</a> theory he developed the <a href="/wiki/Conjectural_variation" title="Conjectural variation">conjectural variation</a> approach. Frisch also is credited with introducing the term "model" in its modern economic sense by Paul Samuelson, based on a 1930 Yale University lecture.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His 1933 work on impulse-propagation business cycles became one of the principles of modern <a href="/wiki/New_Classical_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="New Classical economics">New Classical</a> <a href="/wiki/Business_cycle" title="Business cycle">business cycle</a> theory. He also helped introduce econometric modeling to government economic planning and accounting. </p><p>He was one of the founders of the <a href="/wiki/Econometric_Society" title="Econometric Society">Econometric Society</a> and editor of <i>Econometrica</i> for over twenty years. The <a href="/wiki/Frisch_Medal" title="Frisch Medal">Frisch Medal</a>, so named in his honor, is given every two years for the best paper published in the aforementioned <i>Econometrica</i> in the previous five years. </p><p>Frisch's most important hobby was bee-keeping, for which Frisch performed genetic studies.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_publications">Selected publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ragnar_Frisch&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Selected publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFrisch,_Ragnar1926" class="citation journal cs1">Frisch, Ragnar (1926). "Kvantitativ formulering av den teoretiske økonomikks lover [Quantitative formulation of the laws of economic theory]". <i>Statsøkonomisk Tidsskrift</i>. <b>40</b>: 299–334.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stats%C3%B8konomisk+Tidsskrift&rft.atitle=Kvantitativ+formulering+av+den+teoretiske+%C3%B8konomikks+lover+%5BQuantitative+formulation+of+the+laws+of+economic+theory%5D&rft.volume=40&rft.pages=299-334&rft.date=1926&rft.au=Frisch%2C+Ragnar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARagnar+Frisch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrisch,_Ragnar1926" class="citation journal cs1">Frisch, Ragnar (1926). "Sur un problème d'économie pure [On a problem in pure economics]". <i>Norsk Matematisk Forenings Skrifter, Oslo</i>. <b>1</b> (16): 1–40.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Norsk+Matematisk+Forenings+Skrifter%2C+Oslo&rft.atitle=Sur+un+probl%C3%A8me+d%27%C3%A9conomie+pure+%5BOn+a+problem+in+pure+economics%5D&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=1-40&rft.date=1926&rft.au=Frisch%2C+Ragnar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARagnar+Frisch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrisch,_Ragnar1927" class="citation journal cs1">Frisch, Ragnar (1927). "Sammenhengen mellem primærinvestering og reinvestering [The relationship between primary investment and reinvestment]". <i>Statsøkonomisk Tidsskrift</i>. <b>41</b>: 117–152.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stats%C3%B8konomisk+Tidsskrift&rft.atitle=Sammenhengen+mellem+prim%C3%A6rinvestering+og+reinvestering+%5BThe+relationship+between+primary+investment+and+reinvestment%5D&rft.volume=41&rft.pages=117-152&rft.date=1927&rft.au=Frisch%2C+Ragnar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARagnar+Frisch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrisch,_Ragnar1929" class="citation journal cs1">Frisch, Ragnar (1929). "Correlation and scatter in statistical variables". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nordic_Statistical_Journal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nordic Statistical Journal (page does not exist)">Nordic Statistical Journal</a></i>. <b>1</b>: 36–102.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nordic+Statistical+Journal&rft.atitle=Correlation+and+scatter+in+statistical+variables&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=36-102&rft.date=1929&rft.au=Frisch%2C+Ragnar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARagnar+Frisch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrisch,_Ragnar1929" class="citation journal cs1">Frisch, Ragnar (1929). "Statikk og dynamikk i den økonomiske teori [Statics and dynamics in economic theory]". <i>Nationaløkonomisk Tidsskrift</i>. <b>67</b>: 321–379.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National%C3%B8konomisk+Tidsskrift&rft.atitle=Statikk+og+dynamikk+i+den+%C3%B8konomiske+teori+%5BStatics+and+dynamics+in+economic+theory%5D&rft.volume=67&rft.pages=321-379&rft.date=1929&rft.au=Frisch%2C+Ragnar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARagnar+Frisch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrisch,_Ragnar1933" class="citation journal cs1">Frisch, Ragnar (1933). "Propagation problems and impulse problems in dynamic economics". <i>Economic Essays in Honour of Gustav Cassel</i>: 171–205.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+Essays+in+Honour+of+Gustav+Cassel&rft.atitle=Propagation+problems+and+impulse+problems+in+dynamic+economics&rft.pages=171-205&rft.date=1933&rft.au=Frisch%2C+Ragnar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARagnar+Frisch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Frisch, Ragnar (1933). <i>Pitfalls in the Statistical Construction of Demand and Supply Curves</i>. Leipzig: Hans Buske.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>There is a bibliography of Frisch's writings up to 1960 in </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArrow1960" class="citation journal cs1">Arrow, Kenneth J. (1960). "The Work of Ragnar Frisch, Econometrician". <i><a href="/wiki/Econometrica" title="Econometrica">Econometrica</a></i>. <b>28</b> (2): 175–192. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1907716">10.2307/1907716</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1907716">1907716</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Econometrica&rft.atitle=The+Work+of+Ragnar+Frisch%2C+Econometrician&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=175-192&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1907716&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1907716%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Arrow&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARagnar+Frisch" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p>and there is a collection of selected essays </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBjerkholt1995" class="citation book cs1">Bjerkholt, Olav, ed. (1995). <i>Foundations of Modern Econometrics: The Selected Essays of Ragnar Frisch</i>. 2 volumes. Aldershot, UK: Edward Elgar.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foundations+of+Modern+Econometrics%3A+The+Selected+Essays+of+Ragnar+Frisch&rft.place=Aldershot%2C+UK&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar&rft.date=1995&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARagnar+Frisch" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ragnar_Frisch&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academictree.org/econ/tree.php?pid=740232">"Ragnar Frisch on Econometree"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ragnar+Frisch+on+Econometree&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademictree.org%2Fecon%2Ftree.php%3Fpid%3D740232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARagnar+Frisch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ragnar-Frisch">"Ragnar Frisch | Norwegian economist | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Ragnar+Frisch+%7C+Norwegian+economist+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FRagnar-Frisch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARagnar+Frisch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nbl.snl.no-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nbl.snl.no_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbl.snl.no_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBjerkholt2020" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bjerkholt, Olav (2020-02-25), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nbl.snl.no/Ragnar_Frisch">"Ragnar Frisch"</a>, <i>Norsk biografisk leksikon</i> (in Norwegian Bokmål)<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-11</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Norsk+biografisk+leksikon&rft.atitle=Ragnar+Frisch&rft.date=2020-02-25&rft.aulast=Bjerkholt&rft.aufirst=Olav&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnbl.snl.no%2FRagnar_Frisch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARagnar+Frisch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ragnar_Frisch-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ragnar_Frisch_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ragnar_Frisch_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hetwebsite.net/het/profiles/frisch.htm">"Ragnar Frisch"</a>. <i>www.hetwebsite.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.frisch.uio.no&rft.atitle=Om+Frischsenteret+-+Frischsenteret&rft.aulast=Gaustadalleen+21&rft.aufirst=Kontakt+Adresse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.frisch.uio.no%2Fom-oss%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARagnar+Frisch" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.econometricsociety.org/society/awards">"Awards | The Econometric Society"</a>. <i>www.econometricsociety.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.econometricsociety.org&rft.atitle=Awards+%7C+The+Econometric+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.econometricsociety.org%2Fsociety%2Fawards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARagnar+Frisch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTelefonfaks" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Telefon, Besøksadresse Sognsveien 77 0855 OSLO Postadresse Postboks 1095 Blindern 0317 OSLO; faks. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sv.uio.no/econ/forskning/aktuelt/aktuelle-saker/2019/frisch-haavelmo-jubileum.html">"Frisch- og Haavelmo-jubileum: Dei valde korte, lette studium og fekk Nobelprisen begge to - Økonomisk institutt (ØI)"</a>. <i>www.sv.uio.no</i> (in Norwegian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sv.uio.no&rft.atitle=Frisch-+og+Haavelmo-jubileum%3A+Dei+valde+korte%2C+lette+studium+og+fekk+Nobelprisen+begge+to+-+%C3%98konomisk+institutt+%28%C3%98I%29&rft.aulast=Telefon&rft.aufirst=Bes%C3%B8ksadresse+Sognsveien+77+0855+OSLO+Postadresse+Postboks+1095+Blindern+0317+OSLO&rft.au=faks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sv.uio.no%2Fecon%2Fforskning%2Faktuelt%2Faktuelle-saker%2F2019%2Ffrisch-haavelmo-jubileum.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARagnar+Frisch" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autobio-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autobio_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autobio_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autobio_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrisch1992" class="citation book cs1">Frisch, Ragnar (1992). "Autobiography". In <a href="/wiki/Assar_Lindbeck" title="Assar Lindbeck">Lindbeck, Assar</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130605233438/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1969/frisch-autobio.html"><i>Nobel Lectures, Economics 1969–1980</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>: <a href="/wiki/World_Scientific_Publishing_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="World Scientific Publishing Co.">World Scientific Publishing Co.</a> Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1969/frisch-autobio.html">the original</a> on 2013-06-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-11-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Autobiography&rft.btitle=Nobel+Lectures%2C+Economics+1969%E2%80%931980&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pub=World+Scientific+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Frisch&rft.aufirst=Ragnar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Feconomics%2Flaureates%2F1969%2Ffrisch-autobio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARagnar+Frisch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuhnhäuser1944" class="citation book cs1">Huhnhäuser, Alfred (1944). <i>Die deutsche Einwanderung in Kongsberg</i>. Beiträge zur Geschichte des Deutschtums in Norwegen. <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+deutsche+Einwanderung+in+Kongsberg&rft.place=Oslo&rft.series=Beitr%C3%A4ge+zur+Geschichte+des+Deutschtums+in+Norwegen&rft.date=1944&rft.aulast=Huhnh%C3%A4user&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARagnar+Frisch" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bjerkholt-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bjerkholt_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bjerkholt_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Olav Bjerkholt (2000), "A turning point in the development of Norwegian economics – the establishment of the University Institute of Economics in 1932". Memorandum No 36/2000, University of Oslo</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Quantitative formulation of the laws of economic theory" (see Selected Publications)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._W.1931" class="citation journal cs1">J. W. (1931). "Frisch (Ragnar): Correlation and Scatter in Statistical Variables". <i>Journal of the Royal Statistical Society</i>. <b>94</b> (1): 95–98. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2341822">10.2307/2341822</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2341822">2341822</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Statistical+Society&rft.atitle=Frisch+%28Ragnar%29%3A+Correlation+and+Scatter+in+Statistical+Variables.&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=95-98&rft.date=1931&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2341822&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2341822%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=J.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARagnar+Frisch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SP-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SP_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Selected Publications</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1969/index.html">"The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1969"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Sveriges+Riksbank+Prize+in+Economic+Sciences+in+Memory+of+Alfred+Nobel+1969&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Feconomics%2Flaureates%2F1969%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARagnar+Frisch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amacad.org/person/ragnar-anton-kittil-frisch">"Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch"</a>. <i>American Academy of Arts & Sciences</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Academy+of+Arts+%26+Sciences&rft.atitle=Ragnar+Anton+Kittil+Frisch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fperson%2Fragnar-anton-kittil-frisch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARagnar+Frisch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Ragnar+Frisch&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DRagnar%2BFrisch%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARagnar+Frisch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1905570">"Arrest of Professor Frisch"</a>. <i>Econometrica</i>. <b>12</b> (1): 93–93. 1944. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0012-9682">0012-9682</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Econometrica&rft.atitle=Arrest+of+Professor+Frisch&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=93-93&rft.date=1944&rft.issn=0012-9682&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1905570&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARagnar+Frisch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOttosen,_Kristian2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Kristian_Ottosen" title="Kristian Ottosen">Ottosen, Kristian</a>, ed. (2004). <i>Nordmenn i fangenskap 1940–1945</i> (in Norwegian) (2nd ed.). Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. p. 226. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-82-15-00288-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-82-15-00288-0"><bdi>978-82-15-00288-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nordmenn+i+fangenskap+1940%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pages=226&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Universitetsforlaget&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-82-15-00288-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARagnar+Frisch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBjerkholt" class="citation web cs1">Bjerkholt, Olav. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/doc/doc_199403.pdf">"Ragnar Frisch 1895-1995"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Statistics Norway Research Department.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ragnar+Frisch+1895-1995&rft.pub=Statistics+Norway+Research+Department&rft.aulast=Bjerkholt&rft.aufirst=Olav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssb.no%2Fa%2Fhiststat%2Fdoc%2Fdoc_199403.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARagnar+Frisch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrisch1965" class="citation book cs1">Frisch, Ragnar (1965). <i>Theory of Production</i>. Chicago, IL: Rand McNally and Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theory+of+Production&rft.place=Chicago%2C+IL&rft.pub=Rand+McNally+and+Company&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Frisch&rft.aufirst=Ragnar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARagnar+Frisch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBjerkholt2014" class="citation journal cs1">Bjerkholt, Olav (September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://econjwatch.org/file_download/837/CompleteIssueSept2014.pdf">"Ragnar Frisch and the Postwar Norwegian Economy: A Critical Comment on Sæther and Eriksen"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Econ Journal Watch</i>. <b>11</b> (3): 297–312<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Econ+Journal+Watch&rft.atitle=Ragnar+Frisch+and+the+Postwar+Norwegian+Economy%3A+A+Critical+Comment+on+S%C3%A6ther+and+Eriksen&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=297-312&rft.date=2014-09&rft.aulast=Bjerkholt&rft.aufirst=Olav&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feconjwatch.org%2Ffile_download%2F837%2FCompleteIssueSept2014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARagnar+Frisch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1969/frisch/facts/">"Ragnar Frisch:Facts"</a>. <i>nobelprize.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Ragnar+Frisch%3AFacts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Feconomic-sciences%2F1969%2Ffrisch%2Ffacts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARagnar+Frisch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen1934" class="citation journal cs1">Allen, R. G. D. (1934). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2548809">"Review of Pitfalls in the Statistical Construction of Demand and Supply Curves"</a>. <i>Economica</i>. <b>1</b> (3): 342–344. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2548809">10.2307/2548809</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0427">0013-0427</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economica&rft.atitle=Review+of+Pitfalls+in+the+Statistical+Construction+of+Demand+and+Supply+Curves&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=342-344&rft.date=1934&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2548809&rft.issn=0013-0427&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=R.+G.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2548809&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARagnar+Frisch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ragnar_Frisch&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrøm1998" class="citation book cs1">Strøm, Steinar, ed. (1998). "Ragnar Frisch and his Contributions to Economics". <i>Econometrics and Economic Theory in the 20th Century</i>. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 3–108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-63365-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-63365-9"><bdi>978-0-521-63365-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ragnar+Frisch+and+his+Contributions+to+Economics&rft.btitle=Econometrics+and+Economic+Theory+in+the+20th+Century&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=3-108&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-521-63365-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARagnar+Frisch" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ragnar_Frisch&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ragnar_Frisch" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Ragnar Frisch">Ragnar Frisch</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/677">Ragnar Frisch</a> on Nobelprize.org <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187988#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobel-winners.com/Economics/ragnar_frisch.html">Ragnar Frisch at nobel-winners.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ideas.repec.org/e/pfr8.html">IDEAS/RePEc</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/bios/Frisch.html"><i>Ragnar Frisch (1895–1973)</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Economics_and_Liberty" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Economics and Liberty">Library of Economics and Liberty</a> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Fund" title="Liberty Fund">Liberty Fund</a>. 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ragnar+Frisch+%281895%E2%80%931973%29&rft.series=Library+of+Economics+and+Liberty&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Liberty+Fund&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.econlib.org%2Flibrary%2FEnc%2Fbios%2FFrisch.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARagnar+Frisch" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DAA520;">Academic offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Dean_(education)" title="Dean (education)">Dean</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Law,_University_of_Oslo" class="mw-redirect" title="Faculty of Law, University of Oslo">Faculty of Law, University of Oslo</a> </b><br />1942–1943 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF179;">Awards </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New creation</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_laureates_in_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economics">Laureate of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics</a> </b><br />1969 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen">Jan Tinbergen</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Paul_A._Samuelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul A. Samuelson">Paul A. Samuelson</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Sveriges_Riksbank_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_laureates_in_Economic_Sciences" title="List of Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economic Sciences">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1969–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ragnar Frisch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen">Jan Tinbergen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Paul A. Samuelson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Simon_Kuznets" title="Simon Kuznets">Simon Kuznets</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/John_Hicks" title="John Hicks">John R. Hicks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth J. Arrow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Wassily_Leontief" title="Wassily Leontief">Wassily Leontief</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Myrdal" title="Gunnar Myrdal">Gunnar Myrdal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Friedrich August von Hayek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kantorovich" title="Leonid Kantorovich">Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans">Tjalling C. Koopmans</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Bertil_Ohlin" title="Bertil Ohlin">Bertil Ohlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Meade" title="James Meade">James E. Meade</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert A. Simon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Schultz" title="Theodore Schultz">Theodore W. Schultz</a> / <a href="/wiki/W._Arthur_Lewis" title="W. Arthur Lewis">Sir Arthur Lewis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Klein" title="Lawrence Klein">Lawrence R. Klein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/James_Tobin" title="James Tobin">James Tobin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/George_Stigler" title="George Stigler">George J. Stigler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu">Gérard Debreu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Stone" title="Richard Stone">Richard Stone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Franco_Modigliani" title="Franco Modigliani">Franco Modigliani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/James_M._Buchanan" title="James M. Buchanan">James M. Buchanan Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert M. Solow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Allais" title="Maurice Allais">Maurice Allais</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Trygve_Haavelmo" title="Trygve Haavelmo">Trygve Haavelmo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz">Harry M. Markowitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Merton_Miller" title="Merton Miller">Merton H. Miller</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_F._Sharpe" title="William F. Sharpe">William F. Sharpe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coase" title="Ronald Coase">Ronald H. Coase</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Gary S. Becker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fogel" title="Robert Fogel">Robert W. Fogel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Douglass_North" title="Douglass North">Douglass C. North</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/John_Harsanyi" title="John Harsanyi">John C. Harsanyi</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Forbes_Nash_Jr." title="John Forbes Nash Jr.">John F. Nash Jr.</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten">Reinhard Selten</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lucas_Jr." title="Robert Lucas Jr.">Robert E. Lucas Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/James_Mirrlees" title="James Mirrlees">James A. Mirrlees</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Vickrey" title="William Vickrey">William Vickrey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Merton" title="Robert C. Merton">Robert C. Merton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Myron_Scholes" title="Myron Scholes">Myron S. Scholes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mundell" title="Robert Mundell">Robert A. Mundell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/James_Heckman" title="James Heckman">James J. Heckman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_McFadden" title="Daniel McFadden">Daniel L. McFadden</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/George_Akerlof" title="George Akerlof">George A. Akerlof</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Spence" title="Michael Spence">A. Michael Spence</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz" title="Joseph Stiglitz">Joseph E. Stiglitz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman">Daniel Kahneman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vernon_L._Smith" title="Vernon L. Smith">Vernon L. Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Engle" title="Robert F. Engle">Robert F. Engle III</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clive_Granger" title="Clive Granger">Clive W.J. Granger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Finn_E._Kydland" title="Finn E. Kydland">Finn E. Kydland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Prescott" title="Edward C. Prescott">Edward C. Prescott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Aumann" title="Robert Aumann">Robert J. Aumann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Schelling" title="Thomas Schelling">Thomas C. Schelling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Phelps" title="Edmund Phelps">Edmund S. Phelps</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Hurwicz" title="Leonid Hurwicz">Leonid Hurwicz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eric_Maskin" title="Eric Maskin">Eric S. Maskin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Myerson" title="Roger Myerson">Roger B. Myerson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Paul Krugman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Elinor_Ostrom" title="Elinor Ostrom">Elinor Ostrom</a> / <a href="/wiki/Oliver_E._Williamson" title="Oliver E. Williamson">Oliver E. Williamson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Diamond" title="Peter Diamond">Peter A. Diamond</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dale_T._Mortensen" title="Dale T. Mortensen">Dale T. Mortensen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Pissarides" title="Christopher A. Pissarides">Christopher A. Pissarides</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Sargent" title="Thomas J. Sargent">Thomas J. Sargent</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Sims" title="Christopher A. Sims">Christopher A. Sims</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Alvin_E._Roth" title="Alvin E. Roth">Alvin E. Roth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Shapley" title="Lloyd Shapley">Lloyd S. Shapley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Fama" title="Eugene Fama">Eugene F. Fama</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lars_Peter_Hansen" title="Lars Peter Hansen">Lars Peter Hansen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Shiller" title="Robert J. Shiller">Robert J. Shiller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Tirole" title="Jean Tirole">Jean Tirole</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Angus_Deaton" title="Angus Deaton">Angus Deaton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hart_(economist)" title="Oliver Hart (economist)">Oliver Hart</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Holmstr%C3%B6m" title="Bengt Holmström">Bengt Holmström</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler">Richard H. Thaler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/William_Nordhaus" title="William Nordhaus">William Nordhaus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Romer" title="Paul Romer">Paul Romer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="2019 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">2019</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo">Esther Duflo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kremer" title="Michael Kremer">Michael Kremer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="2020 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Milgrom" title="Paul Milgrom">Paul Milgrom</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Wilson" title="Robert B. Wilson">Robert B. Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="2021 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">2021</a>: <a href="/wiki/David_Card" title="David Card">David Card</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Angrist" title="Joshua Angrist">Joshua Angrist</a> / <a href="/wiki/Guido_Imbens" title="Guido Imbens">Guido Imbens</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2022_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="2022 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">2022</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Ben Bernanke</a> / <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Diamond" title="Douglas Diamond">Douglas Diamond</a> / <a href="/wiki/Philip_H._Dybvig" title="Philip H. Dybvig">Philip H. Dybvig</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2023_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="2023 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">2023</a>: <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Goldin" title="Claudia Goldin">Claudia Goldin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024: <a href="/wiki/Daron_Acemoglu" title="Daron Acemoglu">Daron Acemoglu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Simon_Johnson_(economist)" title="Simon Johnson (economist)">Simon Johnson</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_A._Robinson" title="James A. Robinson">James A. Robinson</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1969_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1969_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1969 Nobel Prize 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href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Odd Hassel</a> (Norway)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/1969_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1969 Nobel Prize in Literature">1969</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Samuel Beckett</a> (Ireland)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a> (<a href="/wiki/1969_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1969 Nobel Peace Prize">1969</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Murray Gell-Mann</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck" title="Max Delbrück">Max Delbrück</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hershey" title="Alfred Hershey">Alfred Hershey</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Salvador Luria</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economic Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ragnar Frisch</a> (Norway)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen">Jan Tinbergen</a> (Netherlands)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1964_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1964 Nobel Prize winners">1964</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1965_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1965 Nobel Prize winners">1965</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1966_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1966 Nobel Prize winners">1966</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1967_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1967 Nobel Prize winners">1967</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1968_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1968 Nobel Prize winners">1968</a></dd> <dd><b>1969 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1970_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1970 Nobel Prize winners">1970</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1971_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1971 Nobel Prize winners">1971</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1972_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1972 Nobel Prize winners">1972</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1973_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1973 Nobel Prize winners">1973</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1974_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1974 Nobel Prize winners">1974</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_Econometric_Society" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_Econometric_Society" title="Template:Presidents of the Econometric Society"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_Econometric_Society" title="Template talk:Presidents of the Econometric Society"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_Econometric_Society" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the Econometric Society"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_Econometric_Society" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_Econometric_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the Econometric Society">Presidents</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Econometric_Society" title="Econometric Society">Econometric Society</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1931–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Fisher" title="Irving Fisher">Irving Fisher</a> (1931–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Divisia" title="François Divisia">François Divisia</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Hotelling" title="Harold Hotelling">Harold Hotelling</a> (1936–1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Lyon_Bowley" title="Arthur Lyon Bowley">Arthur Bowley</a> (1938–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schumpeter" title="Joseph Schumpeter">Joseph Schumpeter</a> (1940–1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Clair_Mitchell" title="Wesley Clair Mitchell">Wesley Mitchell</a> (1942–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">John Maynard Keynes</a> (1944–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Marschak" title="Jacob Marschak">Jacob Marschak</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen">Jan Tinbergen</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Roos" title="Charles F. Roos">Charles Roos</a> (1948)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ragnar Frisch</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans">Tjalling Koopmans</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R._G._D._Allen" title="R. G. D. Allen">R. G. D. Allen</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Paul Samuelson</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Roy_(economist)" title="René Roy (economist)">René Roy</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassily_Leontief" title="Wassily Leontief">Wassily Leontief</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stone" title="Richard Stone">Richard Stone</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth Arrow</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trygve_Haavelmo" title="Trygve Haavelmo">Trygve Haavelmo</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tobin" title="James Tobin">James Tobin</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Boiteux" title="Marcel Boiteux">Marcel Boiteux</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Klein" title="Lawrence Klein">Lawrence Klein</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Theil" title="Henri Theil">Henri Theil</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Modigliani" title="Franco Modigliani">Franco Modigliani</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Malinvaud" title="Edmond Malinvaud">Edmond Malinvaud</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert Solow</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michio_Morishima" title="Michio Morishima">Michio Morishima</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Wold" title="Herman Wold">Herman Wold</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_S._Houthakker" title="Hendrik S. Houthakker">Hendrik Houthakker</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Hahn" title="Frank Hahn">Frank Hahn</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Hurwicz" title="Leonid Hurwicz">Leonid Hurwicz</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dr%C3%A8ze" title="Jacques Drèze">Jacques Drèze</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu">Gérard Debreu</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._M._Gorman" title="W. M. Gorman">W. M. Gorman</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Radner" title="Roy Radner">Roy Radner</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Patinkin" title="Don Patinkin">Don Patinkin</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvi_Griliches" title="Zvi Griliches">Zvi Griliches</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hirofumi_Uzawa" title="Hirofumi Uzawa">Hirofumi Uzawa</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_W._McKenzie" title="Lionel W. McKenzie">Lionel McKenzie</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_Kornai" title="János Kornai">János Kornai</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_M._Fisher" title="Franklin M. Fisher">Franklin M. Fisher</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Sargan" title="Denis Sargan">J. Denis Sargan</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Nerlove" title="Marc Nerlove">Marc Nerlove</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mirrlees" title="James Mirrlees">James A. Mirrlees</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Scarf" title="Herbert Scarf">Herbert Scarf</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya K. Sen</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_McFadden" title="Daniel McFadden">Daniel McFadden</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bruno_(economist)" title="Michael Bruno (economist)">Michael Bruno</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_W._Jorgenson" title="Dale W. Jorgenson">Dale Jorgenson</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Atkinson" title="Tony Atkinson">Anthony B. Atkinson</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_F._Sonnenschein" title="Hugo F. Sonnenschein">Hugo Sonnenschein</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Michel_Grandmont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Michel Grandmont (page does not exist)">Jean-Michel Grandmont</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Michel_Grandmont" class="extiw" title="de:Jean-Michel Grandmont">de</a>]</span> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Diamond" title="Peter Diamond">Peter Diamond</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Laffont" title="Jean-Jacques Laffont">Jean-Jacques Laffont</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreu_Mas-Colell" title="Andreu Mas-Colell">Andreu Mas-Colell</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takashi_Negishi" title="Takashi Negishi">Takashi Negishi</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Sims" title="Christopher A. Sims">Christopher Sims</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Guesnerie" title="Roger Guesnerie">Roger Guesnerie</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lucas_Jr." title="Robert Lucas Jr.">Robert E. Lucas, Jr.</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Tirole" title="Jean Tirole">Jean Tirole</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Wilson" title="Robert B. Wilson">Robert B. Wilson</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elhanan_Helpman" title="Elhanan Helpman">Elhanan Helpman</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avinash_Dixit" title="Avinash Dixit">Avinash Dixit</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guy_Laroque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guy Laroque (page does not exist)">Guy Laroque</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Laroque" class="extiw" title="fr:Guy Laroque">fr</a>]</span> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Maskin" title="Eric Maskin">Eric Maskin</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Rubinstein" title="Ariel Rubinstein">Ariel Rubinstein</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Sargent" title="Thomas J. Sargent">Thomas J. Sargent</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Blundell" title="Richard Blundell">Richard Blundell</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Peter_Hansen" title="Lars Peter Hansen">Lars Peter Hansen</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torsten_Persson" title="Torsten Persson">Torsten Persson</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Myerson" title="Roger Myerson">Roger B. Myerson</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hardman_Moore" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hardman Moore">John H. Moore</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengt_Holmstr%C3%B6m" title="Bengt Holmström">Bengt Holmström</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Charles_Rochet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Charles Rochet (page does not exist)">Jean-Charles Rochet</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5,_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="ru:Роше, Жан-Шарль">ru</a>]</span> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Heckman" title="James Heckman">James J. Heckman</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Arellano" title="Manuel Arellano">Manuel Arellano</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Porter_(economist)" title="Robert Porter (economist)">Robert Porter</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Dekel" title="Eddie Dekel">Eddie Dekel</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Fudenberg" title="Drew Fudenberg">Drew Fudenberg</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Besley" title="Tim Besley">Tim Besley</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Morris_(economist)" title="Stephen Morris (economist)">Stephen Morris</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orazio_Attanasio" title="Orazio Attanasio">Orazio Attanasio</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinelopi_Koujianou_Goldberg" title="Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg">Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Tabellini" title="Guido Tabellini">Guido Tabellini</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Matzkin" title="Rosa Matzkin">Rosa Matzkin</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliana_La_Ferrara" title="Eliana La Ferrara">Eliana La Ferrara</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187988#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187988#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187988#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119107260">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88065870">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122806739">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122806739">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00440246">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35105156">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000601649&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1457981">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068455208">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90267778">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000096178&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=131934">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC2018F8796">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/dbqssv9x3l9s5zv">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007458644405171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058610417406706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02854641?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=201325">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=24799658100">Scopus</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:frisch.ragnar">zbMATH</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/446022">MathSciNet</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/828004">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119107260.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/031627927">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ragnar_Frisch&oldid=1245486614">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ragnar_Frisch&oldid=1245486614</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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