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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Postwar_Hungary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postwar_Hungary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Postwar Hungary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postwar_Hungary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aster_Revolution,_liberal_republic_and_self-disarmament_of_Hungary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aster_Revolution,_liberal_republic_and_self-disarmament_of_Hungary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Aster Revolution, liberal republic and self-disarmament of Hungary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aster_Revolution,_liberal_republic_and_self-disarmament_of_Hungary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_reactions_after_Hungarian_unilateral_disarmament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_reactions_after_Hungarian_unilateral_disarmament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>International reactions after Hungarian unilateral disarmament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_reactions_after_Hungarian_unilateral_disarmament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romania_during_the_First_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romania_during_the_First_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Romania during the First World War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romania_during_the_First_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November_1918_–_March_1919" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November_1918_–_March_1919"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>November 1918 – March 1919</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November_1918_–_March_1919-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interventions,_fall_of_liberal_regime_and_communist_coup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interventions,_fall_of_liberal_regime_and_communist_coup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Interventions, fall of liberal regime and communist coup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interventions,_fall_of_liberal_regime_and_communist_coup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_1919" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_1919"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>April–June 1919</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_1919-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hostilities_begin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hostilities_begin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Hostilities begin</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hostilities_begin-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Hostilities begin subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hostilities_begin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Romanian_Army_reaches_the_Tisza_River" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Romanian_Army_reaches_the_Tisza_River"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>The Romanian Army reaches the Tisza River</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Romanian_Army_reaches_the_Tisza_River-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy_scandal:_establishment_of_Slovak_Soviet_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy_scandal:_establishment_of_Slovak_Soviet_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Foreign policy scandal: establishment of Slovak Soviet Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy_scandal:_establishment_of_Slovak_Soviet_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demoralisation_of_the_Red_Army" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demoralisation_of_the_Red_Army"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Demoralisation of the Red Army</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demoralisation_of_the_Red_Army-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-communist_conflicts_with_Soviet_Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-communist_conflicts_with_Soviet_Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Anti-communist conflicts with Soviet Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-communist_conflicts_with_Soviet_Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_1919_–_August_1919" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_1919_–_August_1919"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>July 1919 – August 1919</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-July_1919_–_August_1919-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle July 1919 – August 1919 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-July_1919_–_August_1919-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hungarian_Army_in_July_1919" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hungarian_Army_in_July_1919"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Hungarian Army in July 1919</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hungarian_Army_in_July_1919-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romanian_Army_in_July_1919" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romanian_Army_in_July_1919"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Romanian Army in July 1919</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romanian_Army_in_July_1919-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hungarian_offensive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hungarian_offensive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Hungarian offensive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hungarian_offensive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romanian_counterattack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romanian_counterattack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Romanian counterattack</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romanian_counterattack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romanian_forces_crossing_the_Tisza_River" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romanian_forces_crossing_the_Tisza_River"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Romanian forces crossing the Tisza River</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romanian_forces_crossing_the_Tisza_River-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romanian_occupation_of_Budapest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romanian_occupation_of_Budapest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Romanian occupation of Budapest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romanian_occupation_of_Budapest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aftermath subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Romanian_occupation_of_Hungary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romanian_occupation_of_Hungary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Romanian occupation of Hungary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romanian_occupation_of_Hungary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romanian_reparations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romanian_reparations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Romanian reparations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romanian_reparations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Order_of_battle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Order_of_battle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Order of battle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Order_of_battle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hungarian–Romanian War</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الحرب المجرية الرومانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحرب المجرية الرومانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="ماجاریستان-رومانی ساواشی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ماجاریستان-رومانی ساواشی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%9E_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8E" title="Румынская інтэрвенцыя ў Венгрыю – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Румынская інтэрвенцыя ў Венгрыю" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Унгарско-румънска война – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Унгарско-румънска война" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C4%8Farsko-rumunsk%C3%A1_v%C3%A1lka" title="Maďarsko-rumunská válka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Maďarsko-rumunská válka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungarisch-Rum%C3%A4nischer_Krieg" title="Ungarisch-Rumänischer Krieg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ungarisch-Rumänischer Krieg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_h%C3%BAngaro-rumana" title="Guerra húngaro-rumana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guerra húngaro-rumana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerre_anticommuniste_de_1919_en_Hongrie" title="Guerre anticommuniste de 1919 en Hongrie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guerre anticommuniste de 1919 en Hongrie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Hungaria%E2%80%93Rumania" title="Perang Hungaria–Rumania – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perang Hungaria–Rumania" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_romeno-ungherese" title="Guerra romeno-ungherese – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guerra romeno-ungherese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="המלחמה ההונגרית-הרומנית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המלחמה ההונגרית-הרומנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vengrijos%E2%80%93Rumunijos_karas" title="Vengrijos–Rumunijos karas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vengrijos–Rumunijos karas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1919-es_magyar%E2%80%93rom%C3%A1n_h%C3%A1bor%C3%BA" title="1919-es magyar–román háború – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1919-es magyar–román háború" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongaars-Roemeense_Oorlog" title="Hongaars-Roemeense Oorlog – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hongaars-Roemeense Oorlog" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89" title="ハンガリー・ルーマニア戦争 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハンガリー・ルーマニア戦争" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%88_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%AC%DA%AB%DA%93%D9%87" title="د هنګري او رومانیا جګړه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د هنګري او رومانیا جګړه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_h%C3%BAngaro-romena_de_1919" title="Guerra húngaro-romena de 1919 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guerra húngaro-romena de 1919" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_rom%C3%A2no-ungar_din_1919" title="Războiul româno-ungar din 1919 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" 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searchaux" style="display:none">War fought from 1918 to 1919</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Hungarian–Romanian War</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_and_interventions_in_Hungary_(1918%E2%80%9320)" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–20)">revolutions and interventions in Hungary</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RomanianCavalryBudapest.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/RomanianCavalryBudapest.png/300px-RomanianCavalryBudapest.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/RomanianCavalryBudapest.png/450px-RomanianCavalryBudapest.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/RomanianCavalryBudapest.png/600px-RomanianCavalryBudapest.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="684" /></a></span><br />Romanian cavalry in Budapest, August 1919</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>13 November 1918 – 3 August 1919<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart">1918-11-13</span> – <span class="dtend">1919-08-03</span>)</span><br />(8 months and 3 weeks)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">Hungary</div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Romanian victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a> (13 November 1918 – 16 November 1918)</li> <li><span data-sort-value="Hungarian Republic"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Flag_of_Hungary_%281918%E2%80%931919%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281918%E2%80%931919%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Flag_of_Hungary_%281918%E2%80%931919%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281918%E2%80%931919%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Flag_of_Hungary_%281918%E2%80%931919%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281918%E2%80%931919%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/First_Hungarian_Republic" title="First Hungarian Republic">Hungarian Republic</a></span> (16 November 1918 – 21 March 1919)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/23px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/35px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/45px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Hungarian Soviet Republic">Soviet Hungary</a> (from 21 March 1919)</li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><b>Supported by:</b> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="Russian SFSR"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Soviet Russia</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="Romania"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a></span></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><b>Supported by:</b> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="France"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Flag_of_Hungary_%281918%E2%80%931919%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281918%E2%80%931919%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Flag_of_Hungary_%281918%E2%80%931919%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281918%E2%80%931919%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Flag_of_Hungary_%281918%E2%80%931919%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281918%E2%80%931919%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Mih%C3%A1ly_K%C3%A1rolyi" title="Mihály Károlyi">Mihály Károlyi</a></b></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/23px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/35px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/45px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Kun" title="Béla Kun">Béla Kun</a></b></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/23px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/35px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/45px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Aur%C3%A9l_Stromfeld" title="Aurél Stromfeld">Aurél Stromfeld</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/23px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/35px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/45px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vilmos_B%C3%B6hm" title="Vilmos Böhm">Vilmos Böhm</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/23px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/35px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/45px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tibor_Szamuely" title="Tibor Szamuely">Tibor Szamuely</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/23px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/35px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/45px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferenc_Julier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferenc Julier (page does not exist)">Ferenc Julier</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julier_Ferenc" class="extiw" title="hu:Julier Ferenc">hu</a>]</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Antonov-Ovseyenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir Antonov-Ovseyenko">V. Antonov-Ovseyenko</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Romania" title="Ferdinand I of Romania"><b>Ferdinand I</b></a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Carol_II_of_Romania" title="Carol II of Romania">Prince Carol</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Traian_Mo%C8%99oiu" title="Traian Moșoiu">Traian Moșoiu</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_M%C4%83rd%C4%83rescu" title="Gheorghe Mărdărescu">Gheorghe Mărdărescu</a></span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Prezan" title="Constantin Prezan">Constantin Prezan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Olteanu" title="Marcel Olteanu">Marcel Olteanu</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ion_Antonescu" title="Ion Antonescu">Ion Antonescu</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Henri_Berthelot" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri Berthelot">Henri Berthelot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 10,000–80,000</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 10,000–96,000</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><b>11,666</b><sup id="cite_ref-Micheal_2017_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Micheal_2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li>3,670 combat deaths</li><li>6,000 killed in total</li><li>41,000 captured</li></ul></div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><b>3,000</b><sup id="cite_ref-Micheal_2017_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Micheal_2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li>3,000 killed</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Revolutions and Interventions in Hungary"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Revolutions_and_interventions_in_Hungary_(1918–1920)8585" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_and_interventions_in_Hungary_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920)"><span class="wrap">Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920)</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hungarian–Romanian War</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beli%C8%99_massacre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beliș massacre (page does not exist)">Beliș</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masacrul_de_la_Beli%C8%99" class="extiw" title="ro:Masacrul de la Beliș">ro</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%9Aigani_clash" title="Țigani clash">Țigani clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ciucea" title="Battle of Ciucea">Battle of Ciucea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zal%C4%83u" title="Battle of Zalău">Battle of Zalău</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%9Ainutul_S%C4%83rii_revolt" title="Ținutul Sării revolt">Ținutul Sării revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C4%83rcaia_and_Gr%C4%83dinari_massacres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tărcaia and Grădinari massacres (page does not exist)">Tărcaia and Grădinari</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masacrele_de_la_T%C4%83rcaia_%C8%99i_Gr%C4%83dinari_(1919)" class="extiw" title="ro:Masacrele de la Tărcaia și Grădinari (1919)">ro</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanian_occupation_of_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romanian occupation of Hungary (page does not exist)">Romanian occupation of Hungary</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Hungarian%E2%80%93Czechoslovak_War" title="Hungarian–Czechoslovak War">Hungarian–Czechoslovak War</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=November_1918_Czech-Hungarian_clashes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="November 1918 Czech-Hungarian clashes (page does not exist)">Western Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balassagyarmat_clashes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balassagyarmat clashes (page does not exist)">Balassagyarmat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_intervention_in_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ukrainian intervention in Hungary (page does not exist)">Carpathean Ruthenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre%C5%A1porok_Massacre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prešporok Massacre (page does not exist)">Prešporok</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kom%C3%A1rno_raid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komárno raid (page does not exist)">Komárno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salg%C3%B3tarj%C3%A1n" title="Battle of Salgótarján">Salgótarján</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Miskolc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Miskolc (page does not exist)">Miskolc</a></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_campaign_(Hungary)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern campaign (Hungary) (page does not exist)">Northern campaign</a></b></li> <li>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Battle_of_Nov%C3%A9_Z%C3%A1mky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First Battle of Nové Zámky (page does not exist)">1st Nové Zámky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zvolen_(1919)" title="Battle of Zvolen (1919)">Zvolen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Levice_(1919)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Levice (1919) (page does not exist)">Levice</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Battle_of_Nov%C3%A9_Z%C3%A1mky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Battle of Nové Zámky (page does not exist)">2nd Nové Zámky</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Czechoslovak_occupation_of_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Czechoslovak occupation of Hungary (page does not exist)">Occupation</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Yugoslav border clashes</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1918_occupation_of_Me%C4%91imurje" title="1918 occupation of Međimurje">Međimurje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Prekmurje" title="Republic of Prekmurje">Prekmurje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szomor%C3%B3c_uprising" title="Szomoróc uprising">Szomoróc</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Lendava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Lendava (page does not exist)">Lendava</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Domestic conflict</dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Aster_Revolution" title="Aster Revolution">Aster Revolution</a></b></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1918_Peasant_Uprisings_in_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1918 Peasant Uprisings in Hungary (page does not exist)">Peasant Uprisings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Terror_(Hungary)" title="Red Terror (Hungary)">Red Terror</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Als%C3%B3lendva_Counterrevolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alsólendva Counterrevolution (page does not exist)">Alsólendva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Munk%C3%A1cs_Counterrevolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Munkács Counterrevolution (page does not exist)">Munkács</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Szolnok_Counterrevolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Szolnok Counterrevolution (page does not exist)">Szolnok</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devecser_Counterrevolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Devecser Counterrevolution (page does not exist)">Devecser</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bankgasse_bank_robbery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bankgasse bank robbery (page does not exist)">Bankgasse</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruck_an_der_Leitha_raid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruck an der Leitha raid (page does not exist)">Bruck an der Leitha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludovika_Rebellion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludovika Rebellion (page does not exist)">Ludovika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danubian_Monitor_Revolt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danubian Monitor Revolt (page does not exist)">Monitor revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunapataj_Rebellion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dunapataj Rebellion (page does not exist)">Dunapataj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Terror_(Hungary)" title="White Terror (Hungary)">White Terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Hungary%27s_attempts_to_retake_the_throne" title="Charles IV of Hungary's attempts to retake the throne">Charles IV's coup d'état attempts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buda%C3%B6rs" title="Battle of Budaörs">Budaörs</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_West_Hungary" title="Uprising in West Hungary">Uprising in West Hungary</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%BCrstenfeld_battle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fürstenfeld battle (page does not exist)">Fürstenfeld</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BCrstenfeldi_fegyverrabl%C3%A1s" class="extiw" title="hu:Fürstenfeldi fegyverrablás">hu</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1st_%C3%81gfalva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1st Ágfalva (page does not exist)">1st Ágfalva</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Els%C5%91_%C3%A1gfalvi_%C3%B6sszecsap%C3%A1s" class="extiw" title="hu:Első ágfalvi összecsapás">hu</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Markt_Allhau_battle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Markt Allhau battle (page does not exist)">Markt Allhau</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alh%C3%B3i_%C3%B6sszecsap%C3%A1s" class="extiw" title="hu:Alhói összecsapás">hu</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oberwart_battle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oberwart battle (page does not exist)">Oberwart</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fels%C5%91%C5%91ri_%C3%B6sszecsap%C3%A1s" class="extiw" title="hu:Felsőőri összecsapás">hu</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinkafeld_battle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pinkafeld battle (page does not exist)">Pinkafeld</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinkaf%C5%91i_%C3%B6sszecsap%C3%A1s" class="extiw" title="hu:Pinkafői összecsapás">hu</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Pilgersdorf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Pilgersdorf (page does not exist)">Pilgersdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirchschlag_battle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kirchschlag battle (page does not exist)">Kirchschlag</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirchschlagi_%C3%B6sszecsap%C3%A1s" class="extiw" title="hu:Kirchschlagi összecsapás">hu</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jennersdorf_battle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jennersdorf battle (page does not exist)">Jennesdorf</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyanafalvai_%C3%B6sszecsap%C3%A1s" class="extiw" title="hu:Gyanafalvai összecsapás">hu</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_%C3%81gfalva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2nd Ágfalva (page does not exist)">2nd Ágfalva</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1sodik_%C3%A1gfalvi_%C3%B6sszecsap%C3%A1s" class="extiw" title="hu:Második ágfalvi összecsapás">hu</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaisersteinbruch_battle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaisersteinbruch battle (page does not exist)">Kaisersteinbruch</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cs%C3%A1sz%C3%A1rk%C5%91b%C3%A1nyai_%C3%B6sszecsap%C3%A1s" class="extiw" title="hu:Császárkőbányai összecsapás">hu</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hagensdorf_battle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hagensdorf battle (page does not exist)">Hagensdorf</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kar%C3%A1csfai_%C3%B6sszecsap%C3%A1s" class="extiw" title="hu:Karácsfai összecsapás">hu</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apetlon_battle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apetlon battle (page does not exist)">Apetlon</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosonb%C3%A1nfalvi_%C3%B6sszecsap%C3%A1s" class="extiw" title="hu:Mosonbánfalvi összecsapás">hu</a>]</span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hutsul_Republic#Creation" title="Hutsul Republic">Hutsul uprising</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_M%C3%A1ramarossziget&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Máramarossziget (page does not exist)">Máramarossziget</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Hungarian–Romanian War</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: <i lang="hu">Magyar–Román Háború</i>; <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i lang="ro">Războiul Româno-Ungar</i>) was fought between <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a> from 13 November 1918 to 3 August 1919. The conflict had a complex background, with often contradictory motivations for the parties involved. </p><p>After the unilateral self-disarmament of the Hungarian army by the pacifist Hungarian prime minister Count <a href="/wiki/Mih%C3%A1ly_K%C3%A1rolyi" title="Mihály Károlyi">Mihály Károlyi</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allies of World War I</a> intended that <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Land_Forces" title="Romanian Land Forces">Romania's Army</a>, the Czechoslovak army and the Franco-Serbian armies to occupy various parts of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a>. At the same time, there was a reluctance to allow Romania to occupy Hungary fully, although their intention was to, at least in part, satisfy the Romanian claims in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1916)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1916)">Treaty of Bucharest (1916)</a> which proposed that Hungary cede <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Partium" title="Partium">Partium</a> and parts of <a href="/wiki/Banat" title="Banat">Banat</a> to Romania. The situation was further complicated by the strained relationship between the Romanian delegation at the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)">Paris Peace Conference</a> and the Great Powers. France, in particular, was keen on the participation of Romania in the intervention against the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolshevik</a> forces in Russia while the Romanian authorities conditioned this involvement on the fulfillment of the promises made by the Allies in 1916. Some Allied leaders in Paris supported the advance of the Romanian Army while the <a href="/wiki/Big_Four_(World_War_I)" title="Big Four (World War I)">Council of Four</a> withheld its approval of the military actions. The French General Staff encouraged a continued Romanian advance to <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, with Generals <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Foch" title="Ferdinand Foch">Ferdinand Foch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Franchet_d%27Esp%C3%A8rey" title="Louis Franchet d'Espèrey">Louis Franchet d'Espèrey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Henri_Mathias_Berthelot" title="Henri Mathias Berthelot">Henri Mathias Berthelot</a> particularly in favor of this approach. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a> there were political and ethnic tensions between various <a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungarians" title="Hungarians">Hungarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_Saxons" title="Transylvanian Saxons">Saxon</a>, and other ethnic groups. However, Romania's motivations to enter the neutral zone and cross the demarcation lines were not limited only to protecting the ethnic Romanians, but also to occupy the territory in accordance with the 1916 agreement, thus presenting the Allies with a <i>fait accompli</i>. </p><p>In the aftermath of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and the proclamation of the independence of Hungary from the <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Dual Monarchy</a>, the Hungarians tried to convince the Allies that "Hungary should not be penalized too harshly for the sins of the old". Despite the Hungarian government offering concessions to the ethnic minorities, it was "too little, too late". The political leaders of ethnic Romanians, as well as Serbs, Slovaks, Croats, and other minorities, had already decided to secede. Moreover, the decision of the Council of Four to establish a neutral zone that largely reflected the treaty between Romania and the Allies in 1916 contributed to the liberal president Count Mihály Károlyi's resignation and the subsequent creation of the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Hungarian Soviet Republic">Hungarian Soviet Republic</a>. The threat of <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Kun" title="Béla Kun">Béla Kun</a>'s Hungarian Red Army and Red Guards linking up with other Bolshevik forces was decisive in the joint decision of several Allied representatives and the Romanian authorities to "settle the Hungarian question immediately".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Bela_Linder%27s_pacifist_speech_on_2_November_1918.webm/300px--Bela_Linder%27s_pacifist_speech_on_2_November_1918.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="300" height="169" data-durationhint="251" data-mwtitle="Bela_Linder's_pacifist_speech_on_2_November_1918.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Bela_Linder%27s_pacifist_speech_on_2_November_1918.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/Bela_Linder%27s_pacifist_speech_on_2_November_1918.webm/Bela_Linder%27s_pacifist_speech_on_2_November_1918.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/Bela_Linder%27s_pacifist_speech_on_2_November_1918.webm/Bela_Linder%27s_pacifist_speech_on_2_November_1918.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Bela_Linder%27s_pacifist_speech_on_2_November_1918.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/Bela_Linder%27s_pacifist_speech_on_2_November_1918.webm/Bela_Linder%27s_pacifist_speech_on_2_November_1918.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/Bela_Linder%27s_pacifist_speech_on_2_November_1918.webm/Bela_Linder%27s_pacifist_speech_on_2_November_1918.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/Bela_Linder%27s_pacifist_speech_on_2_November_1918.webm/Bela_Linder%27s_pacifist_speech_on_2_November_1918.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/Bela_Linder%27s_pacifist_speech_on_2_November_1918.webm/Bela_Linder%27s_pacifist_speech_on_2_November_1918.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/Bela_Linder%27s_pacifist_speech_on_2_November_1918.webm/Bela_Linder%27s_pacifist_speech_on_2_November_1918.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Linder" title="Béla Linder">Béla Linder</a>'s speech for military officers, and declaration of Hungarian self-disarmament on 2 November 1918.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Protest_of_the_Transylvanian_National_Council_in_Kolozsvar_22_December_1918.webm/300px--Protest_of_the_Transylvanian_National_Council_in_Kolozsvar_22_December_1918.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="300" height="169" data-durationhint="212" data-mwtitle="Protest_of_the_Transylvanian_National_Council_in_Kolozsvar_22_December_1918.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Protest_of_the_Transylvanian_National_Council_in_Kolozsvar_22_December_1918.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/Protest_of_the_Transylvanian_National_Council_in_Kolozsvar_22_December_1918.webm/Protest_of_the_Transylvanian_National_Council_in_Kolozsvar_22_December_1918.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Protest_of_the_Transylvanian_National_Council_in_Kolozsvar_22_December_1918.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/Protest_of_the_Transylvanian_National_Council_in_Kolozsvar_22_December_1918.webm/Protest_of_the_Transylvanian_National_Council_in_Kolozsvar_22_December_1918.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/Protest_of_the_Transylvanian_National_Council_in_Kolozsvar_22_December_1918.webm/Protest_of_the_Transylvanian_National_Council_in_Kolozsvar_22_December_1918.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/Protest_of_the_Transylvanian_National_Council_in_Kolozsvar_22_December_1918.webm/Protest_of_the_Transylvanian_National_Council_in_Kolozsvar_22_December_1918.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/Protest_of_the_Transylvanian_National_Council_in_Kolozsvar_22_December_1918.webm/Protest_of_the_Transylvanian_National_Council_in_Kolozsvar_22_December_1918.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/Protest_of_the_Transylvanian_National_Council_in_Kolozsvar_22_December_1918.webm/Protest_of_the_Transylvanian_National_Council_in_Kolozsvar_22_December_1918.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/Protest_of_the_Transylvanian_National_Council_in_Kolozsvar_22_December_1918.webm/Protest_of_the_Transylvanian_National_Council_in_Kolozsvar_22_December_1918.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AProtest_of_the_Transylvanian_National_Council_in_Kolozsvar_22_December_1918.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption>Protest of the Transylvanian National Council on the intervention of Romania into Transylvania on 22 December 1918</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postwar_Hungary">Postwar Hungary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Postwar Hungary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aster_Revolution,_liberal_republic_and_self-disarmament_of_Hungary"><span id="Aster_Revolution.2C_liberal_republic_and_self-disarmament_of_Hungary"></span>Aster Revolution, liberal republic and self-disarmament of Hungary</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aster Revolution, liberal republic and self-disarmament of Hungary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1918, <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> collapsed politically and disintegrated as a result of its defeat on the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Front_(World_War_I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Front (World War I)">Italian Front</a>. During the war, the liberal Hungarian aristocrat Count <a href="/wiki/Mih%C3%A1ly_K%C3%A1rolyi" title="Mihály Károlyi">Mihály Károlyi</a> had led a small but very active pacifist antiwar maverick faction in the Hungarian Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had even organised covert contacts with British and French diplomats in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> during the war.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 31 October 1918, the <a href="/wiki/Aster_Revolution" title="Aster Revolution">Aster Revolution</a> in <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a> brought to power Károlyi, a supporter of the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allies</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Hungarian_Honv%C3%A9d" title="Royal Hungarian Honvéd">Hungarian Royal Honvéd army</a> still consisted of 1,400,000 soldiers, who had been recruited from the territory of <a href="/wiki/Lands_of_the_Crown_of_Saint_Stephen" title="Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen">Kingdom of Hungary</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when Mihály Károlyi was announced as <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Hungary" title="List of prime ministers of Hungary">Hungarian prime minister</a>. Károlyi yielded to <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">US President</a> <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>'s demand for <a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">pacifism</a> by ordering the disarmament of the Hungarian Army, which happened under the direction of War Minister <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Linder" title="Béla Linder">Béla Linder</a> on 2 November 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-Dixon_1986_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dixon_1986-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sharp_2008_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sharp_2008-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unilateral disarmament of its army made Hungary remain without national defence. Thus it became particularly vulnerable. <a href="/wiki/Oszk%C3%A1r_J%C3%A1szi" title="Oszkár Jászi">Oszkár Jászi</a>, the new Minister for National Minorities of Hungary, offered referendums on the disputed borders for minorities (such as the Romanians in <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>), but the political leaders of those minorities refused the very idea of referendums regarding disputed territories at the Paris Peace Conference.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="International_reactions_after_Hungarian_unilateral_disarmament">International reactions after Hungarian unilateral disarmament</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: International reactions after Hungarian unilateral disarmament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Six days later, on 5 November 1918, the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Army" title="Serbian Army">Serbian Army</a>, with the help of the <a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">French Army</a>, crossed the southern border of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a>. On 8 November, the <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Army" title="Czechoslovak Army">Czechoslovak Army</a> crossed the northern border, and on 13 November, the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Army">Romanian Army</a> crossed the eastern border. That day, Károlyi signed an <a href="/wiki/Armistice" title="Armistice">armistice</a> with the Allies in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, which limited the size of the Hungarian Army to six infantry and two cavalry divisions.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Demarcation lines defining the territory to remain under Hungarian control were made. </p><p>The lines would apply until definitive borders could be established. Under the terms of the armistice, Serbian and French troops advanced from the south and took control of the <a href="/wiki/Banat" title="Banat">Banat</a> and Croatia. Czechoslovakia took control of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Hungary" title="Upper Hungary">Upper Hungary</a> (today mostly <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Ruthenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpathian Ruthenia">Carpathian Ruthenia</a>. Romanian forces were permitted to advance to the Mureș River. However, on 14 November, Serbia occupied <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9cs" title="Pécs">Pécs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Breit_1929_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breit_1929-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hungarian unilateral disarmament made the occupation of Hungary possible for the relatively small Romanian Army, Franco-Serbian army and the armed forces of the newly-established Czechoslovakia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> During the rule of Károlyi's pacifist cabinet, Hungary lost control of approximately 75% of its former prewar territories (325,411 km<sup>2</sup> (125,642 sq mi) .<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romania_during_the_First_World_War">Romania during the First World War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Romania during the First World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Romania_during_World_War_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Romania during World War I">Romania during World War I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Foc%C8%99ani" title="Armistice of Focșani">Armistice of Focșani</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1918)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1918)">Treaty of Bucharest (1918)</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Proclamation of King <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Romania" title="Ferdinand I of Romania">Ferdinand I of Romania</a> to the Romanian People, 28 August 1916:<br /> "In our moral energy and our valour lie the means of giving him back his birthright of a great and free Rumania from the <a href="/wiki/Tisza" title="Tisza">Tisza</a> to the Black Sea, and to prosper in peace in accordance with our customs and our hopes and dreams."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>On August 27, 1916, the Kingdom of Romania declared war against Austria-Hungary and <a href="/wiki/Romania_during_World_War_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Romania during World War I">entered the First World War</a> on the side of the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allies</a>. In doing so, Romania's goal was to unite all the territories in which a Romanian population existed in a single state.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1916)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1916)">Treaty of Bucharest</a> of August 17, 1916, terms for Romania's acquisition of territories in <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> were stipulated. However, in military and geopolitical sense, the key factor in Romania's entry into the war was the successes of the Russian <a href="/wiki/Brusilov_offensive" title="Brusilov offensive">Brusilov offensive</a> against Austria-Hungary.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a short Romanian initial success, the campaign turned into a military disaster for Romania.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After three months of war, two thirds of the territory of the Kingdom of Romania were occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, the capital city of Romania, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bucharest" title="Battle of Bucharest">was captured</a> by the Central Powers on 6 December 1916. German General <a href="/wiki/August_von_Mackensen" title="August von Mackensen">August von Mackensen</a> was appointed as the "military governor" of the occupied territories of Romania.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following Russia's <a href="/wiki/Armistice_between_Russia_and_the_Central_Powers#Ceasefires" title="Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers">ceasefire agreements</a>, the Romanian army was forced to sign the <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Foc%C8%99ani" title="Armistice of Focșani">Armistice of Focșani</a> on 9 December 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1918, after the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a> signed a separate peace with the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Treaty of Brest-Litovsk</a>. Romania was alone on the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Eastern Front (World War I)">Eastern Front</a>, a situation that far surpassed its military capabilities. Therefore, on 7 May 1918, Romania sued for peace. Romanian <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Marghiloman" title="Alexandru Marghiloman">Alexandru Marghiloman</a> signed the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1918)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1918)">Treaty of Bucharest (1918)</a> with the Central Powers, but the treaty was never signed by <a href="/wiki/King_of_Romania" title="King of Romania">King</a> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Romania" title="Ferdinand I of Romania">Ferdinand I of Romania</a>. </p><p>At the end of 1918, Romania's situation was dire. It was suffering from the consequences of punitive war reparations.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.co.uk-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dobruja" title="Dobruja">Dobruja</a> was under <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgarian</a> occupation. The bulk of the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Land_Forces" title="Romanian Land Forces">Romanian Army</a> was demobilised and had only four full-strength divisions. A further eight divisions were left in a reserve status. Only the 9th and 10th infantry divisions and the 1st and 2nd <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a> divisions were at full strength. However, those units were engaged in the protection of <a href="/wiki/Bessarabia" title="Bessarabia">Bessarabia</a> against Soviet Russia. </p><p>On 11 November 1918, Germany signed <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_11_November_1918" title="Armistice of 11 November 1918">an armistice with Allies</a> under which they had to immediately withdraw all German troops in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austro-Hungarian Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> back to German territory. The Allies were to have access to those countries.<sup id="cite_ref-Fr_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fr-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the German armistice, the units of the German Army, under the command of Marshal August von Mackensen, were ordered to retreat to Germany. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="November_1918_–_March_1919"><span id="November_1918_.E2.80.93_March_1919"></span>November 1918 – March 1919</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: November 1918 – March 1919"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War" title="Special:EditPage/Hungarian–Romanian War">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War%22">"Hungarian–Romanian War"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On 10 November 1918, Romania re-entered the war on the side of the Allied forces, with similar objectives to those of 1916. King Ferdinand called for the mobilisation of the Romanian Army and ordered it to attack by crossing the <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Mountains" title="Carpathian Mountains">Carpathian Mountains</a> into <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>. The 1st <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A2n%C4%83tori_(military_unit)" title="Vânători (military unit)">Vânători</a> and the 7th and 8th Infantry divisions, stationed in <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a>, were the first units to be mobilised. The 8th was sent to <a href="/wiki/Bukovina" title="Bukovina">Bukovina</a> and the other two were sent to Transylvania. On 13 November, the 7th entered Transylvania at the <a href="/wiki/Pris%C4%83cani_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisăcani River">Prisăcani River</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_the_Carpathians" title="Divisions of the Carpathians">Eastern Carpathians</a>. The 1st then entered Transylvania at <a href="/wiki/Palanca,_Bac%C4%83u" title="Palanca, Bacău">Palanca, Bacău</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 December, the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Transylvania_with_Romania" title="Union of Transylvania with Romania">Union of Transylvania with Romania</a> was officiated by the 1,228 elected representatives of the Romanian people of Transylvania, Banat, Crișana and Maramureș, who proclaimed the union with Romania.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, the <a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_Saxons" title="Transylvanian Saxons">Transylvanian Saxons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banat_Swabians" title="Banat Swabians">Banat Swabians</a> also supported the union.<sup id="cite_ref-Treptow_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treptow-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 7 December, <a href="/wiki/Bra%C8%99ov" title="Brașov">Brașov</a> was occupied by the Romanian Army.<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that month, Romanian units reached the line of the Mureș River, a demarcation line that had been agreed upon by the representatives of the Allies and Hungary at the <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Belgrade" title="Armistice of Belgrade">Armistice of Belgrade</a>. </p><p>Following a request from Romania, the Allied Command in the east, led by French General <a href="/wiki/Louis_Franchet_d%27Esp%C3%A8rey" title="Louis Franchet d'Espèrey">Louis Franchet d'Espèrey</a>, allowed the Romanian Army to advance to the line of the western Carpathians. The 7th Infantry division advanced toward <a href="/wiki/Cluj-Napoca" title="Cluj-Napoca">Cluj</a>, and the 1st division advanced in toward <a href="/wiki/Alba_Iulia" title="Alba Iulia">Alba Iulia</a>. On 24 December, units of the Romanian Army entered <a href="/wiki/Cluj" class="mw-redirect" title="Cluj">Cluj-Napoca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 22 January 1919, the Romanian army controlled all the territory to the Mureș River. The 7th and 1st divisions were spread thinly and so the 2nd Division was sent to <a href="/wiki/Sibiu" title="Sibiu">Sibiu</a> and the 6th Division to <a href="/wiki/Bra%C8%99ov" title="Brașov">Brașov</a>. Two new infantry divisions, the 16th and 18th, were formed from soldiers previously mobilised in the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Army" title="Austro-Hungarian Army">Austro-Hungarian Army</a>. A unified command of the Romanian Army in Transylvania was established. Its headquarters were at <a href="/wiki/Sibiu" title="Sibiu">Sibiu</a>, with General <a href="/wiki/Traian_Mo%C8%99oiu" title="Traian Moșoiu">Traian Moșoiu</a> in command. Although Romania controlled new territories, it did not encompass all ethnic Romanians in the region. </p><p>On 28 February 1919, at the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference,_1919" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Peace Conference, 1919">Paris Peace Conference</a>, the Allies notified Hungary of a new demarcation line to which the Romanian army would advance. The line coincided with railways connecting <a href="/wiki/Satu_Mare" title="Satu Mare">Satu Mare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oradea" title="Oradea">Oradea</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arad,_Romania" title="Arad, Romania">Arad</a>. However, the Romanian Army was not to enter those cities. A demilitarised zone was to be created extending from the new demarcation line to 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) beyond the line. The demilitarised zone represented the extent of Romanian territorial requests on Hungary. The retreat of the Hungarian Army behind the western border of the demilitarised zone was to begin on 22 March. </p><p>On 19 March, Hungary received notification of the new demarcation line and demilitaritarised zone from French Lieutenant Colonel Fernand Vix (the "<a href="/wiki/Vix_Note" title="Vix Note">Vix Note</a>"). The Károlyi government would not accept the terms, which was a trigger for the coup d'état by <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Kun" title="Béla Kun">Béla Kun</a>, who formed the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Hungarian Soviet Republic">Hungarian Soviet Republic</a>. Meanwhile, limited sporadic skirmishes took place between Romanian army and small local Hungarian civil insurgent groups. Some Hungarian elements engaged in the harassing the Romanians outside the area controlled by the Romanian Army.<sup id="cite_ref-Kiritescu_1923_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kiritescu_1923-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interventions,_fall_of_liberal_regime_and_communist_coup"><span id="Interventions.2C_fall_of_liberal_regime_and_communist_coup"></span>Interventions, fall of liberal regime and communist coup</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Interventions, fall of liberal regime and communist coup"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hungarian-Romanian_War.en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Hungarian-Romanian_War.en.png/330px-Hungarian-Romanian_War.en.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Hungarian-Romanian_War.en.png/495px-Hungarian-Romanian_War.en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Hungarian-Romanian_War.en.png/660px-Hungarian-Romanian_War.en.png 2x" data-file-width="15154" data-file-height="10715" /></a><figcaption>Regional situation, 1918–1920</figcaption></figure> <p>The pacifist Károlyi government failed to manage domestic and military issues and lost popular support. On 20 March 1919, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Kun" title="Béla Kun">Béla Kun</a>, who had been imprisoned in the Markó Street prison, was released.<sup id="cite_ref-Sachar_2007_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sachar_2007-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 21 March, he led a successful communist <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a>. President Károlyi was deposed and arrested by the new government.<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_2014_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker_2014-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kun formed a <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democratic</a> communist <a href="/wiki/Coalition_government" title="Coalition government">coalition government</a> and proclaimed the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Hungarian Soviet Republic">Hungarian Soviet Republic</a>. Days later, the communists purged the Social Democrats from the government.<sup id="cite_ref-Dowling_2014_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dowling_2014-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Andelman_2009_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andelman_2009-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hungarian Soviet Republic was a small communist <a href="/wiki/Rump_state" title="Rump state">rump state</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the Republic of Councils in Hungary was established, it controlled only approximately 23% of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a>'s historic territory. </p><p>The communists remained bitterly unpopular<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the Hungarian countryside, where the authority of that government was often nonexistent.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The communist had real popular support only among the proletarian masses of large industrial centres, especially in Budapest, where the working class represented a high proportion of the population. The communist government followed the soviet model. The party established its terror groups (like the infamous <a href="/wiki/Lenin_Boys" title="Lenin Boys">Lenin Boys</a>) to "overcome the obstacles" in the Hungarian countryside, which was later known as the <a href="/wiki/Red_Terror_(Hungary)" title="Red Terror (Hungary)">Red Terror in Hungary</a>. </p><p>The new government promised equality and <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a>. It proposed that Hungary be restructured as a <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federation</a>. The proposal was designed to appeal to both domestic and foreign opinion. Domestic considerations included maintaining the territorial integrity and economic unity of <a href="/wiki/Lands_of_the_Crown_of_Saint_Stephen" title="Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen">former crown lands</a> and protecting the nation's borders. The government had popular support in the cities and the support of the army. Most of the officers in the Hungarian Army came from regions that had been forcibly occupied during the First World War, which heightened their patriotic mood.<sup id="cite_ref-Diner_2008_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diner_2008-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hungary as a federation would appeal to Wilson under his doctrine of self-determination of peoples because of the nation's multiethnic composition. In addition, self-governed and self-directed institutions for the non-Magyar peoples of Hungary would lessen the dominance of the <a href="/wiki/Magyar_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Magyar people">Magyar people</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Diner_2008_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diner_2008-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="April–June_1919"><span id="April.E2.80.93June_1919"></span>April–June 1919</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: April–June 1919"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War" title="Special:EditPage/Hungarian–Romanian War">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War%22">"Hungarian–Romanian War"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>After 21 March 1919, Romania found itself between two nations with communist governments: Hungary to the west and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Soviet Russia</a> to the east. The Romanian delegation at the Paris Peace Conference asked the Romanian Army to be allowed to oust Kun's communist government in Hungary. The Allies were aware of the communist danger to Romania. However, there was a climate of dissension in the council among United States President <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>, British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a>, and French Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Georges_Clemenceau" title="Georges Clemenceau">Georges Clemenceau</a> about guarantees required by <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> on its borders with Germany. In particular, the American delegation was convinced that French hardliners around Marshal <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Foch" title="Ferdinand Foch">Ferdinand Foch</a> were trying to initiate a new conflict with Germany and Soviet Russia. The Allied council tried to defuse the situation between Romania and Hungary. </p><p>On 4 April, South African General <a href="/wiki/Jan_Smuts" title="Jan Smuts">Jan Smuts</a> was sent to Hungary and discussed with the Hungarian communist government a proposition that they abide by the conditions previously presented to Károlyi in the Vix Note. Smuts's mission also represented official recognition of the Kun government by the Allies. He may have asked if Kun would act as a conduit for communication between the Allies and the Soviet Russians.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In exchange for Hungary's agreement to the conditions set out in the Vix Note, the Allies promised to lift the blockade of Hungary and to take a benevolent attitude towards Hungary's loss of territory to Romania, <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>. Kun refused the terms and demanded the Romanian forces return to the line of the Maros (Mureș) River. Smuts' negotiations ceased. </p><p>Kun stalled for time<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Please clarify the preceding statement or statements with a good explanation from a reliable source. (July 2017)">how?</span></a></i>]</sup> to build a force capable of fighting Romania and Czechoslovakia. Hungary had 20,000 troops facing the Romanian Army and mobilised a further 60,000. There were recruitment centres in towns such as <a href="/wiki/Oradea" title="Oradea">Nagyvárad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gyula,_Hungary" title="Gyula, Hungary">Gyula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Debrecen" title="Debrecen">Debrecen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Szolnok" title="Szolnok">Szolnok</a>. There were some elite units and officers from the former <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Army" title="Austro-Hungarian Army">Austro-Hungarian Army</a>, but some were volunteers with little training. The Hungarian troops were equipped with 137 cannons and five armoured trains and were motivated by sentiments of <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_nationalism" title="Hungarian nationalism">Hungarian nationalism</a>, rather than communist ideals. Kun hoped that Soviet Russia would attack Romania from the east. </p><p>When Kun declined the terms of the Vix Note, Romania acted to enforce the new railway demarcation line.<sup id="cite_ref-Kiritescu_1923_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kiritescu_1923-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p. 550">: p. 550 </span></sup> The Romanian Army in Transylvania included 64 infantry battalions, 28 cavalry squadrons, 160 cannons, 32 howitzers, one armoured train, three air squadrons and two pioneer battalions, one north and one south. General <a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_M%C4%83rd%C4%83rescu" title="Gheorghe Mărdărescu">Gheorghe Mărdărescu</a> commanded the Romanian Army in Transylvania. The commander of the north battalion was General Moșoiu. Romania planned to take offensive action on 16 April 1919. The north battalion was to take Nagykároly (<a href="/wiki/Carei" title="Carei">Carei</a>) and Nagyvárad (<a href="/wiki/Oradea" title="Oradea">Oradea</a>), which would separate the elite Hungarian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sz%C3%A9kely_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Székely Division (page does not exist)">Székely Division</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divizia_Secuiasc%C4%83" class="extiw" title="ro:Divizia Secuiască">ro</a>]</span> from the rest of the Hungarian Army. The north battalion would then outflank the Hungarian Army. Simultaneously, the south battalion would advance to Máriaradna (now part of <a href="/wiki/Lipova,_Arad" title="Lipova, Arad">Lipova</a>) and Belényes (<a href="/wiki/Beiu%C8%99" title="Beiuș">Beiuș</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hostilities_begin">Hostilities begin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Hostilities begin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War" title="Special:EditPage/Hungarian–Romanian War">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War%22">"Hungarian–Romanian War"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919,_Romanian_advance_to_Tisza_-_English.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919%2C_Romanian_advance_to_Tisza_-_English.jpg/170px-Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919%2C_Romanian_advance_to_Tisza_-_English.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919%2C_Romanian_advance_to_Tisza_-_English.jpg/255px-Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919%2C_Romanian_advance_to_Tisza_-_English.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919%2C_Romanian_advance_to_Tisza_-_English.jpg/340px-Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919%2C_Romanian_advance_to_Tisza_-_English.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1228" data-file-height="1109" /></a><figcaption>Romanian Army operations in April 1919</figcaption></figure> <p>When Kun became aware of Romanian preparations for an offensive, he fortified mountain passes in the territory controlled by the Hungarian Red Army. Then, on the night of 15–16 April, the Hungarians launched a pre-emptive attack, but the Romanian lines held. On 16 April, the Romanian Army commenced its offensive. After heavy fighting, the Romanians took the mountain passes. On the front of the 2nd Vânători Division, a battalion of Hungarian cadets offered strong resistance; however, they were defeated by the 9th Regiment. </p><p>By 18 April, the first elements of the Romanian offensive had been completed, and the Hungarian front had been broken. On 19 April, Romanian forces took <a href="/wiki/Carei" title="Carei">Carei</a> (Nagykároly), and on 20 April, they took <a href="/wiki/Oradea" title="Oradea">Oradea</a> (Nagyvárad) and <a href="/wiki/Salonta" title="Salonta">Salonta</a> (Nagyszalonta). Rather than following the instructions of the Vix Note, the Romanian Army pressed on for the <a href="/wiki/Tisza" title="Tisza">Tisza River</a>, an easily defended natural military obstacle.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Romanian_Army_reaches_the_Tisza_River">The Romanian Army reaches the Tisza River</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The Romanian Army reaches the Tisza River"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919,_positions_on_3_May_-_English.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919%2C_positions_on_3_May_-_English.jpg/170px-Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919%2C_positions_on_3_May_-_English.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919%2C_positions_on_3_May_-_English.jpg/255px-Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919%2C_positions_on_3_May_-_English.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919%2C_positions_on_3_May_-_English.jpg/340px-Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919%2C_positions_on_3_May_-_English.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1060" data-file-height="1113" /></a><figcaption>Front lines on 3 May 1919</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919_(National_Military_Museum_Collection)_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919_%28National_Military_Museum_Collection%29_03.jpg/220px-Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919_%28National_Military_Museum_Collection%29_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919_%28National_Military_Museum_Collection%29_03.jpg/330px-Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919_%28National_Military_Museum_Collection%29_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919_%28National_Military_Museum_Collection%29_03.jpg/440px-Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919_%28National_Military_Museum_Collection%29_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="707" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/King_of_Romania" title="King of Romania">King</a> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Romania" title="Ferdinand I of Romania">Ferdinand I</a> with <a href="/wiki/Iuliu_Maniu" title="Iuliu Maniu">Iuliu Maniu</a> and generals <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Prezan" title="Constantin Prezan">Constantin Prezan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_M%C4%83rd%C4%83rescu" title="Gheorghe Mărdărescu">Gheorghe Mărdărescu</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%98tefan_Panaitescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ștefan Panaitescu (page does not exist)">Ștefan Panaitescu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%98tefan_Panaitescu" class="extiw" title="ro:Ștefan Panaitescu">ro</a>]</span> at <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9k%C3%A9scsaba" title="Békéscsaba">Békéscsaba</a>, 24 May 1919</figcaption></figure> <p>On 23 April, <a href="/wiki/Debrecen" title="Debrecen">Debrecen</a> was occupied by Romanian forces.<sup id="cite_ref-Kopeczi_2001_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kopeczi_2001-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Romanian Army then began preparations for an assault on <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9k%C3%A9scsaba" title="Békéscsaba">Békéscsaba</a>. On 25–26 April, after some heavy fighting, Békéscsaba fell to Romanian forces. The Hungarians retreated to <a href="/wiki/Szolnok" title="Szolnok">Szolnok</a> and, from there, across the Tisza River. They established two concentric defense lines extending from the Tisza River around Szolnok. Between 29 April and 1 May, the Romanian Army broke through the lines. On the evening of 1 May, the entire east bank of the Tisza River was under the control of the Romanian Army. </p><p>On 30 April, French Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phen_Pichon" class="mw-redirect" title="Stéphen Pichon">Stéphen Pichon</a> summoned <a href="/wiki/Ion_I.C._Br%C4%83tianu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ion I.C. Brătianu">Ion I.C. Brătianu</a>, the Romanian representative to the Paris Peace Conference. Romania was told to cease its advance at the Tisza River and to retreat to the first demarcation line imposed by the Allied council. Brătianu promised that the Romanian troops would not cross the Tisza River. On 2 May, Hungary <a href="/wiki/Suing_for_peace" title="Suing for peace">sued for peace</a> by a request delivered by its representative, Lieutenant Colonel <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Werth" title="Henrik Werth">Henrik Werth</a>. Kun was prepared to recognise all of Romania's territorial demands, request the cessation of hostilities and ask for ongoing control of Hungarian internal affairs. </p><p>Romania offered an armistice but gave it only under pressure from the Allies. General Moșoiu became the governor of the military district between the Romanian border and the Tisza River. General Mihăescu became commander of the north battalion. The 7th Division was moved to the Russian front in Moldavia. On 24 May, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Romania" title="King of Romania">King</a> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Romania" title="Ferdinand I of Romania">Ferdinand I of Romania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iuliu_Maniu" title="Iuliu Maniu">Iuliu Maniu</a> (the head of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transylvania%27s_Directory_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transylvania's Directory Council (page does not exist)">Transylvania's Directory Council</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consiliul_Dirigent" class="extiw" title="ro:Consiliul Dirigent">ro</a>]</span>) visited the frontline area and met with generals <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Prezan" title="Constantin Prezan">Constantin Prezan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_M%C4%83rd%C4%83rescu" title="Gheorghe Mărdărescu">Gheorghe Mărdărescu</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%98tefan_Panaitescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ștefan Panaitescu (page does not exist)">Ștefan Panaitescu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%98tefan_Panaitescu" class="extiw" title="ro:Ștefan Panaitescu">ro</a>]</span> at Békéscsaba.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy_scandal:_establishment_of_Slovak_Soviet_Republic">Foreign policy scandal: establishment of Slovak Soviet Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Foreign policy scandal: establishment of Slovak Soviet Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In late May, after the Entente military representative demanded more territorial concessions from Hungary, Kun attempted to "fulfill" his promise to adhere to Hungary's historic borders. Kun ordered the preparation of an <a href="/wiki/Hungarian%E2%80%93Czechoslovak_War" title="Hungarian–Czechoslovak War">offensive against Czechoslovakia</a>, which would increase his domestic support by making good on his promise to "restore" Hungary's borders. The men of the Hungarian Red Army were recruited mainly from the volunteers of the Budapest proletariat.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June, the Hungarian Red Army invaded the eastern part of the newly forming <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Ruthenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpathian Ruthenia">Carpathian Ruthenia</a> (approximately the former <a href="/wiki/Upper_Hungary" title="Upper Hungary">Upper Hungary</a>). The Hungarian Red Army achieved some early military success. Under the leadership of Colonel Aurél Stromfeld, it ousted <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Army" title="Czechoslovak Army">Czechoslovak troops</a> from the north and planned to march against the Romanian Army in the east. The Hungarian Red Army recruited men between 19 and 25 years old. Industrial workers from Budapest volunteered. Many former Austro-Hungarian officers re-enlisted for patriotic reasons. The Hungarian Red Army moved its 1st and 5th artillery divisions (40 battalions) northwards to Czechoslovakia. </p><p>On 20 May 1919, a force under Colonel <a href="/wiki/Aur%C3%A9l_Stromfeld" title="Aurél Stromfeld">Aurél Stromfeld</a> attacked and routed Czechoslovak troops from <a href="/wiki/Miskolc" title="Miskolc">Miskolc</a>. The Romanian Army attacked the Hungarian flank with troops from the 16th Infantry Division and the Second Vânători Division and aimed to maintain contact with the Czechoslovak Army. Hungarian troops prevailed and the Romanian Army retreated to its bridgehead at <a href="/wiki/Tokaj" title="Tokaj">Tokaj</a>. There, between 25 and 30 May, Romanian forces were required to defend their position against Hungarian attacks. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nepkoztarsasag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Nepkoztarsasag.png/310px-Nepkoztarsasag.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Nepkoztarsasag.png/465px-Nepkoztarsasag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Nepkoztarsasag.png/620px-Nepkoztarsasag.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-line mw-no-invert" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1.67em; height: 0; border-style: none; border-top: 2px dotted black;border-top:black solid 4px;"> </span> Borders in 1918</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-line mw-no-invert" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1.67em; height: 0; border-style: none; border-top: 2px dotted black;border-top:black solid 2px;"> </span> Borders in 1919, 1920</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#996600; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Occupied by Romania in April 1919</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#D00000; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Hungarian Soviet Republic">Hungarian Soviet Republic</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF9999; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Recovered by the Hungarian Soviet Republic</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#009999; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Under French and Yugoslav control</div></figcaption></figure> <p>On 3 June, the Romanian Army was forced into further retreat but extended its line of defence along the Tisza River and reinforced its position with the 8th Division, which had been moving forward from <a href="/wiki/Bukovina" title="Bukovina">Bukovina</a> since 22 May. Hungary at the time controlled the territory from its <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">old borders</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="contradicts what is said before and after this (July 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and had regained control of industrial areas around <a href="/wiki/Miskolc" title="Miskolc">Miskolc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salg%C3%B3tarj%C3%A1n" title="Salgótarján">Salgótarján</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bansk%C3%A1_%C5%A0tiavnica" title="Banská Štiavnica">Banská Štiavnica</a> (Selmecbánya), and <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ice" title="Košice">Košice</a> (Kassa). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Demoralisation_of_the_Red_Army">Demoralisation of the Red Army</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Demoralisation of the Red Army"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite promises for the restoration of the former borders of Hungary, after the military successes the communists immediately declared the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Slovak_Soviet_Republic" title="Slovak Soviet Republic">Slovak Soviet Republic</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pre%C5%A1ov" title="Prešov">Prešov</a> (Eperjes) on 16 June 1919.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the proclamation of the Slovak Soviet Republic, the Hungarian nationalists and patriots soon realised that the new communist government had no intention to recapture the lost territories but only to spread communist ideology and establish other communist states in Europe, thus sacrificing Hungarian national interests.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Hungarian patriots and the professional military officers in the Red Army saw the establishment of the Slovak Soviet Republic as a betrayal, and their support for the government began to erode (the communists and their government supported the establishment of a Slovak communist state, while the Hungarian patriots wanted to keep the reoccupied territories for Hungary). Despite a series of military victories against the Czechoslovak Army, the Hungarian Red Army started to disintegrate because of tensions between nationalists and communists during the establishment of the Slovak Soviet Republic. The concession eroded the support of the communist government by professional military officers and nationalists in the Hungarian Red Army. Even the <a href="/wiki/General_Staff_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Republic_of_Hungary#Chief_of_General_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Hungary">chief of general staff</a>, Aurél Stromfeld, resigned his post in protest.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the French promised the Hungarian government that Romanian forces would withdraw from the <a href="/wiki/Tisz%C3%A1nt%C3%BAl" title="Tiszántúl">Tiszántúl</a>, Kun withdrew from Czechoslovakia his remaining military units that had remained loyal after the political fiasco with the Slovak Soviet Republic. Kun then unsuccessfully tried to turn the remaining units of the demoralized Hungarian Red Army on the Romanians.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-communist_conflicts_with_Soviet_Russia">Anti-communist conflicts with Soviet Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Anti-communist conflicts with Soviet Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War" title="Special:EditPage/Hungarian–Romanian War">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Bessarabia_with_Romania" title="Union of Bessarabia with Romania">Union of Bessarabia with Romania</a> was signed on 9 April 1918. It brought these lands within the modern Romanian state was not recognised by <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Soviet Russia</a>, which was however, occupied in fighting the <a href="/wiki/White_movement" title="White movement">White movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_War_of_Independence" title="Ukrainian War of Independence">its war for independence</a> and so resources were not available to challenge Romania. The Bolshevik Soviet Russians might have used the Ukrainian paramilitary leader <a href="/wiki/Nykyfor_Hryhoriv" title="Nykyfor Hryhoriv">Nykyfor Hryhoriv</a> to challenge Romania, but circumstances for that plan did not prove to be favourable. </p><p>Prior to communist rule in Hungary, Soviet Russia had engaged the <a href="/wiki/Odesa_Soviet_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Odesa Soviet Republic">Odessa Soviet Republic</a> to invade Romania and make sporadic attacks across the <a href="/wiki/Dniester" title="Dniester">Dniester River</a> to reclaim territory from the <a href="/wiki/Bessarabia_Governorate" title="Bessarabia Governorate">Bessarabia Governorate</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic</a>, established in 1924, was later used the same way. Romania successfully repelled both incursions. After the commencement of communist rule in Hungary, Soviet Russia pressured Romania with ultimatums and threats of war. Although a Romanian army division and some other newly formed units were moved from the Hungarian front to Bessarabia, those threats did not deter Romania's actions in Hungary. </p><p>On 9 February 1918, the Central Powers and Ukraine signed the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk_(Ukraine%E2%80%93Central_Powers)" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Ukraine–Central Powers)">Treaty of Brest-Litovsk</a>, which recognised Ukraine as a neutral and independent state. Incursions into Romanian territory ceased. From January–May 1919, there were some further limited actions by Soviet forces against Romania. In late January, the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Army" title="Ukrainian Soviet Army">Ukrainian Army</a>, under Bolshevik command, moved towards <a href="/wiki/Zbruch" title="Zbruch">Zbruch</a>. Ukrainian forces took <a href="/wiki/Khotyn" title="Khotyn">Khotyn</a>, a town that had been occupied by Romania since 10 November 1918. Ukrainian forces held Khotyn for a few days before they were routed by the Romanian Army. </p><p>Soviet Russia was then fending off attacks by the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_South_Russia" title="Armed Forces of South Russia">Armed Forces of South Russia</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Anton_Denikin" title="Anton Denikin">Anton Denikin</a>. Three French and two <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greek</a> army divisions under General <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Henri_Joseph_d%27Anselme" title="Philippe Henri Joseph d'Anselme">Philippe Henri Joseph d'Anselme</a> with support from Polish, Ukrainian, and Russian volunteers, attacked Soviet troops near <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odessa</a>. On 21 March 1919, in support of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Russia_intervention" title="Southern Russia intervention">allied attack</a>, Romanian troops of the 39th Regiment occupied <a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Former_Bender_bridge_after_its_destruction_in_WWI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Former_Bender_bridge_after_its_destruction_in_WWI.jpg/220px-Former_Bender_bridge_after_its_destruction_in_WWI.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Former_Bender_bridge_after_its_destruction_in_WWI.jpg/330px-Former_Bender_bridge_after_its_destruction_in_WWI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Former_Bender_bridge_after_its_destruction_in_WWI.jpg/440px-Former_Bender_bridge_after_its_destruction_in_WWI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="273" /></a><figcaption>Former <a href="/wiki/Bender,_Moldova" title="Bender, Moldova">Bender</a> railway bridge after its destruction by Romanian troops in 1919</figcaption></figure> <p>In April, at Berzov, the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Ukrainian_Soviet_Army" title="3rd Ukrainian Soviet Army">Bolshevik Soviet Ukrainian 3rd Army</a> defeated d'Anselme's forces, which retreated towards Odessa. In late April, a change in government in France led to withdrawal of the Allied forces from Odessa. The troops left by ship and abandoned some heavy equipment. Some troops, with Ukrainian and Russian volunteers, retreated through southern Bessarabia. Meanwhile, the Romanian Army fortified its positions in Bessarabia. </p><p>On 1 May, Bolshevik Soviet Russian Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Georgy_Chicherin" title="Georgy Chicherin">Georgy Chicherin</a> issued an ultimatum to the Romanian government to leave Bessarabia. Under the command of <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Antonov-Ovseyenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir Antonov-Ovseyenko">Vladimir Antonov-Ovseyenko</a>, Bolshevik Soviet Russian troops gathered along the Dniester River in preparation for a large attack on Bessarabia on 10 May. The attacks in Bessarabia intensified and peaked on 27–28 May with an <a href="/wiki/Bender_Uprising" title="Bender Uprising">uprising in Tighina</a>. In preparation for this attack, they threw manifestos from a plane, inviting Allied troops to fraternise with them. Sixty French soldiers crossed the <a href="/wiki/Dniester" title="Dniester">Dniester River</a> to support the Russians. The Bolshevik Soviet Russian forces entered <a href="/wiki/Bender,_Moldova" title="Bender, Moldova">Tighina</a> and held the town for a number of hours. </p><p>The Romanian Army's 4th and 5th infantry divisions were moved to Bessarabia. In southern Bessarabia a territorial command unit formed by the Romanian Army's 15th Infantry Division was established. By the end of June, tensions in the area had eased. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_1919_–_August_1919"><span id="July_1919_.E2.80.93_August_1919"></span>July 1919 – August 1919</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: July 1919 – August 1919"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War" title="Special:EditPage/Hungarian–Romanian War">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War%22">"Hungarian–Romanian War"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Allies were deeply displeased by the Romanian advance to the Tisza River. The Allies asked Romania to retreat to the first railway demarcation line and to commence negotiations with the Kun government. Romania persisted at the Tisza Line. The Allies pressured Hungary to stop its incursions into Czechoslovakia by threatening a co-ordinated action against Hungary by French, Serb and Romanian forces from the south and the east. However, the Allies also promised favour to Hungary in subsequent peace negotiations in delineating Hungary's new borders. On 12 June, the council discussed Hungary's proposed new borders with Romania, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. </p><p>On 23 June, Hungary signed an armistice with Czechoslovakia. By 4 July, the Hungarian Army had retreated 15 km south of the Hungarian–Czechoslovak demarcation line. The council demanded Romania leave <a href="/wiki/Tisz%C3%A1nt%C3%BAl" title="Tiszántúl">Tiszántúl</a> and to respect the new borders. Romania said it would not do so until the Hungarian Army had demobilised. Kun said that he would continue to depend on the might of his army. On 11 July, the council ordered Marshal <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Foch" title="Ferdinand Foch">Ferdinand Foch</a> to prepare a co-ordinated attack against Hungary by using Serb, French and Romanian forces. Hungary, in turn, prepared for action along the Tisza River.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Romanian Army faced the Hungarian army along the Tisza River front line over a distance of 250 kilometres (160 mi). The front extended from beyond <a href="/wiki/Szeged" title="Szeged">Szeged</a> in the south, adjacent to French and Serb troops, to <a href="/wiki/Tokaj" title="Tokaj">Tokaj</a>, in the north, adjacent to Czechoslovak troops. On 17 July, Hungary attacked. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hungarian_Army_in_July_1919">Hungarian Army in July 1919</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Hungarian Army in July 1919"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War" title="Special:EditPage/Hungarian–Romanian War">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Bela Kun's Red Army was led by <a href="/wiki/Political_commissar" title="Political commissar">political commissars</a> because the experienced professional military officers resigned<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after the political fiasco during the Hungarian-Czechoslovak war. Their commanders of small units were however experienced soldiers. The Hungarian Army mustered 100 infantry battalions (50,000 men), ten cavalry squadrons (1,365 men), 69 artillery batteries of calibers up to 305 mm, and nine armoured trains. The troops were organized into three groups: north, central, and south. The central group was the strongest. </p><p>Hungary planned to cross the Tisza River with all three groups. The north group would advance towards <a href="/wiki/Satu_Mare" title="Satu Mare">Satu Mare</a> (Szatmárnémeti), the central group to <a href="/wiki/Oradea" title="Oradea">Oradea</a> (Nagyvárad), and the south group to <a href="/wiki/Arad,_Romania" title="Arad, Romania">Arad</a>. Their aim was to incite <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Bolshevik Soviet Russia</a> to attack Bessarabia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romanian_Army_in_July_1919">Romanian Army in July 1919</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Romanian Army in July 1919"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War" title="Special:EditPage/Hungarian–Romanian War">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Romanian Army was composed of 92 battalions (48,000 men), 58 cavalry squadrons (12,000 men), 80 artillery batteries of calibers up to 155 mm, two armoured trains and some support units. They were positioned along three lines. The first line was manned by the 16th Division in the north and the 18th Division in the south. More powerful units manned the second line: the 2nd Vânători Division in the north, concentrated in and around <a href="/wiki/Ny%C3%ADregyh%C3%A1za" title="Nyíregyháza">Nyíregyháza</a>, and the 1st Vânători Division in the south, concentrated in and around <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9k%C3%A9scsaba" title="Békéscsaba">Békéscsaba</a>. </p><p>The third line was manned by Romania's strongest units: the 1st and 6th infantry divisions, the 1st and 2nd cavalry divisions and support units. It lay on the railway from <a href="/wiki/Carei" title="Carei">Carei</a>, through <a href="/wiki/Oradea" title="Oradea">Oradea</a> and north of Arad. The 20th and 21st infantry divisions were tasked with maintaining public order behind the third line. The first line was thin, as it was supposed to fight delaying actions until the true intentions of the attacking Hungarian Army were revealed. Then, together with troops in the second line, the first line was to be held until troops in the third line could mount a counterattack. The Romanian command planned to use the railways under its control to move troops. Most Romanian soldiers were First World War veterans. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hungarian_offensive">Hungarian offensive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Hungarian offensive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War" title="Special:EditPage/Hungarian–Romanian War">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919,_battle_of_Tisza_-_English.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919%2C_battle_of_Tisza_-_English.jpg/250px-Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919%2C_battle_of_Tisza_-_English.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919%2C_battle_of_Tisza_-_English.jpg/375px-Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919%2C_battle_of_Tisza_-_English.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919%2C_battle_of_Tisza_-_English.jpg/500px-Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919%2C_battle_of_Tisza_-_English.jpg 2x" data-file-width="715" data-file-height="877" /></a><figcaption>Operations of the Hungarian and Romanian armies during the battle of the Tisza River in July 1919.</figcaption></figure> <p>From 17 to 20 July, the Hungarian army bombarded the Romanian positions and conducted reconnaissance operations. On 20 July, at about 3 a.m., after a fierce bombardment, Hungarian infantry including all three groups crossed the Tisza River and attacked Romanian positions. On 20 July, in the northern arena, the Hungarians army took <a href="/wiki/Rakamaz" title="Rakamaz">Rakamaz</a> and some nearby villages. Troops of the Romanian 16th and 2nd Vânători divisions took back the villages shortly and regained Rakamaz the next day. The Hungarians renewed their efforts and, supported by artillery fire, retook Rakamaz and two nearby villages but could not break out of the Rakamaz bridgehead. </p><p>Hungarian forces attempted to outflank the Romanian positions by crossing the Tisza River at <a href="/wiki/Tiszaf%C3%BCred" title="Tiszafüred">Tiszafüred</a> with troops of the 80th International Brigade. There, they were halted by troops of the Romanian 16th Division. On 24 July, the Romanian 20th Infantry Division, brought in as reinforcements, cleared the bridgehead at Tiszafüred. Not being able to break out of Rakamaz, Hungarian forces fortified their positions and redeployed some troops. There was a lull in fighting in the north, as the Romanian troops did the same. On 26 July, the Romanians attacked, and by 10 p.m. had cleared the Rakamaz bridgehead, which left the Romanian army in control of the northern part of the Tisza's eastern bank. </p><p>In the southern area, during a two-day battle, the Hungarian 2nd Division took Szentes from the 89th and 90th regiments of the Romanian 18th Division. On 21–22 July, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B3dmez%C5%91v%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhely" title="Hódmezővásárhely">Hódmezővásárhely</a> changed hands several times between Hungarian and Romanian troops of the 90th Infantry Regiment supported by the 1st Vânători Brigade. On 23 July, Romanian forces reoccupied Hódmezővásárhely, <a href="/wiki/Szentes" title="Szentes">Szentes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mindszent" title="Mindszent">Mindszent</a>. The Romanians controlled the eastern bank of the Tisza River in that sector, which allowed the 1st Vânători Brigade to move to the centre. On 20 July, Hungarian forces established a solid bridgehead on the east bank of the Tisza at <a href="/wiki/Szolnok" title="Szolnok">Szolnok</a>, opposed by the Romanian 91st Regiment of the 18th Infantry Division. The Hungarian army moved the 6th and 7th divisions across the Tisza River, formed up within the bridgehead, and attacked the Romanians in the first line of defense. The Hungarian 6th Infantry Division took <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6r%C3%B6kszentmikl%C3%B3s" title="Törökszentmiklós">Törökszentmiklós</a>, the 7th Division advanced towards <a href="/wiki/Mez%C5%91t%C3%BAr" title="Mezőtúr">Mezőtúr</a> and the 5th Division advanced towards <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BArkeve" title="Túrkeve">Túrkeve</a>. </p><p>On 22 July, Hungarian forces crossed the Tisza River 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Szolnok and took <a href="/wiki/Kunhegyes" title="Kunhegyes">Kunhegyes</a> from the Romanian 18th Vânători Regiment. The Romanian 18th Division was reinforced with units from the second line, including some troops from the 1st Cavalry Division and the entire 2nd Vânători Brigade. On 23 July, Hungarian forces took Túrkeve and Mezőtúr. The Hungarian Army controlled an area 80 kilometres (50 mi) long along the bank of the Tisza River and 60 kilometres (37 mi) deep to the east of the Tisza River at Szolnok. The Romanian Army undertook manoeuvres to the north of the Hungarian territory. General <a href="/wiki/Cleante_Davidoglu" title="Cleante Davidoglu">Cleante Davidoglu</a>, commanding the 2nd Cavalry Division, formed closest to the river. General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mihail_Obogeanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mihail Obogeanu (page does not exist)">Mihail Obogeanu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihail_Obogeanu" class="extiw" title="ro:Mihail Obogeanu">ro</a>]</span>, commanding the 1st Infantry Division, formed in the centre and General <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Olteanu" title="Marcel Olteanu">Marcel Olteanu</a>, commanding the 6th Infantry Division, formed furthest to the east. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romanian_counterattack">Romanian counterattack</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Romanian counterattack"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War" title="Special:EditPage/Hungarian–Romanian War">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On 24 July, the Romanian Army's northern manoeuvre group attacked. Elements of the 2nd Cavalry Division, supported by troops of the 18th Infantry Division, took <a href="/wiki/Kunhegyes" title="Kunhegyes">Kunhegyes</a>. The Romanian 1st Infantry Division attacked the Hungarian 6th Infantry Division and took <a href="/wiki/Fegyvernek" title="Fegyvernek">Fegyvernek</a>. The Romanian 6th Division was less successful and was counterattacked on the left flank by the Hungarian reserve formations. Altogether, the attack pushed back the Hungarian Army 20 kilometres (12 mi). Romanian forces were supported by the 2nd Vânători Division and some cavalry units when they became available. </p><p>On 25 July, fighting continued. Hungarian forces counterattacked at Fegyvernek and engaged the Romanian 1st Infantry Division. With their lines breaking, Hungarian troops began a retreat towards the Tisza River bridge at Szolnok. On 26 July, Hungarian forces destroyed the bridge. By the end of the day, the east bank of the Tisza River was once again under Romanian control. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romanian_forces_crossing_the_Tisza_River">Romanian forces crossing the Tisza River</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Romanian forces crossing the Tisza River"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War" title="Special:EditPage/Hungarian–Romanian War">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919_(National_Military_Museum_Collection)_32.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919_%28National_Military_Museum_Collection%29_32.jpg/250px-Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919_%28National_Military_Museum_Collection%29_32.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919_%28National_Military_Museum_Collection%29_32.jpg/375px-Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919_%28National_Military_Museum_Collection%29_32.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919_%28National_Military_Museum_Collection%29_32.jpg/500px-Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919_%28National_Military_Museum_Collection%29_32.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="595" /></a><figcaption>Troops from the 2nd Vânători Division crossing the Tisza River in the presence of King Ferdinand and Queen Marie.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tropas-rumanas-ocupan-budapest-1919--outlawsdiary02tormuoft.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Tropas-rumanas-ocupan-budapest-1919--outlawsdiary02tormuoft.png/250px-Tropas-rumanas-ocupan-budapest-1919--outlawsdiary02tormuoft.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Tropas-rumanas-ocupan-budapest-1919--outlawsdiary02tormuoft.png/375px-Tropas-rumanas-ocupan-budapest-1919--outlawsdiary02tormuoft.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Tropas-rumanas-ocupan-budapest-1919--outlawsdiary02tormuoft.png/500px-Tropas-rumanas-ocupan-budapest-1919--outlawsdiary02tormuoft.png 2x" data-file-width="1011" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption>Romanian troops entering Budapest.</figcaption></figure> <p>After repelling the Hungarian attack, the Romanian Army prepared to cross the <a href="/wiki/Tisza" title="Tisza">Tisza River</a>. The 7th Infantry Division returned from Bessarabia. The 2nd Infantry Division and some smaller infantry and artillery units also returned. The Romanian Army massed 119 battalions (84,000 men), 99 artillery batteries with 392 guns and 60 cavalry squadrons (12,000 men). Hungarian forces continued an artillery bombardment. </p><p>From 27 to 29 July, the Romanian Army tested the strength of the Hungarian defense by small attacks. A plan was made to cross the Tisza River near Fegyvernek, where it makes a turn. On the night of 29–30 July, the Romanian Army crossed the Tisza River. Decoy operations were mounted at other points along the river and brought intense artillery duels. Romanian forces held the element of surprise. On 31 July the Hungarian Army retreated towards Budapest. At the same time, a formation of Hungarian aircraft attacked the Romanian pontoon bridge across the Tisza. They were intercepted by pilots of the <a href="/wiki/5th_Aviation_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="5th Aviation Group">5th Aviation Group</a> who repelled the attack and shot down one Hungarian aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romanian_occupation_of_Budapest">Romanian occupation of Budapest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Romanian occupation of Budapest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War" title="Special:EditPage/Hungarian–Romanian War">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1919_-_Regimentul_27_Infanterie_in_fata_Palatului_Parlamentului_din_Budapesta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/1919_-_Regimentul_27_Infanterie_in_fata_Palatului_Parlamentului_din_Budapesta.jpg/250px-1919_-_Regimentul_27_Infanterie_in_fata_Palatului_Parlamentului_din_Budapesta.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/1919_-_Regimentul_27_Infanterie_in_fata_Palatului_Parlamentului_din_Budapesta.jpg/375px-1919_-_Regimentul_27_Infanterie_in_fata_Palatului_Parlamentului_din_Budapesta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/1919_-_Regimentul_27_Infanterie_in_fata_Palatului_Parlamentului_din_Budapesta.jpg/500px-1919_-_Regimentul_27_Infanterie_in_fata_Palatului_Parlamentului_din_Budapesta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5343" data-file-height="4005" /></a><figcaption>Romanian 27th Infantry Regiment in front of the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Parliament_Building" title="Hungarian Parliament Building">Hungarian Parliament</a>, Budapest, 1919.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Romanian_troops_in_Budapest_1919.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Romanian_troops_in_Budapest_1919.JPG/250px-Romanian_troops_in_Budapest_1919.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Romanian_troops_in_Budapest_1919.JPG/375px-Romanian_troops_in_Budapest_1919.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Romanian_troops_in_Budapest_1919.JPG 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="290" /></a><figcaption>Romanian troops in Budapest, 1919.</figcaption></figure> <p>Romanian forces continued their advance towards <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>. On 3 August, under the command of General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe_Rusescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gheorghe Rusescu (page does not exist)">Gheorghe Rusescu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gheorghe_Rusescu" class="extiw" title="ro:Gheorghe Rusescu">ro</a>]</span>, three squadrons of the 6th Cavalry Regiment of the 4th Brigade entered Budapest. Until noon on 4 August, 400 Romanian soldiers with two artillery guns held Budapest. Then the bulk of the Romanian troops arrived in the city and a parade was held through the city centre in front of the commander, General Moșoiu. Romanian forces continued their advance into Hungary and stopped at <a href="/wiki/Gy%C5%91r" title="Győr">Győr</a>. </p><p>The incursion of Romania into Hungary caused the heaviest fighting of the war. The Romanian Army's casualties were 123 officers and 6,434 soldiers, with 39 officers and 1,730 soldiers killed, 81 officers and 3,125 soldiers wounded and three officers and 1,579 soldiers missing in action. As of 8 August, the Romanians forces had captured 1,235 Hungarian officers and 10,000 soldiers, seized 350 guns (including two with a caliber of 305 mm), 332 machine guns, 51,450 rifles, 4,316 carbines, 519 revolvers, and 87 airplanes.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War" title="Special:EditPage/Hungarian–Romanian War">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RomanianSoldiersFeedingCiviliansInBudapest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/RomanianSoldiersFeedingCiviliansInBudapest.jpg/250px-RomanianSoldiersFeedingCiviliansInBudapest.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/RomanianSoldiersFeedingCiviliansInBudapest.jpg/375px-RomanianSoldiersFeedingCiviliansInBudapest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/RomanianSoldiersFeedingCiviliansInBudapest.jpg/500px-RomanianSoldiersFeedingCiviliansInBudapest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="598" data-file-height="338" /></a><figcaption>Romanian soldiers feeding the civilian population in Hungary.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919_(National_Military_Museum_Collection)_36.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919_%28National_Military_Museum_Collection%29_36.jpg/250px-Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919_%28National_Military_Museum_Collection%29_36.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919_%28National_Military_Museum_Collection%29_36.jpg/375px-Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919_%28National_Military_Museum_Collection%29_36.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919_%28National_Military_Museum_Collection%29_36.jpg/500px-Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919_%28National_Military_Museum_Collection%29_36.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="728" /></a><figcaption>Romanian infantry patrol in Budapest.</figcaption></figure><p>On 2 August, Kun fled Hungary towards the Austrian border and eventually reached the Russian SFSR. A socialist government under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Gyula_Peidl" title="Gyula Peidl">Gyula Peidl</a> was installed in Budapest with the assistance of the Allied council, but its tenure was short-lived. </p><p>The counter-revolutionary White House Fraternal Association attempted to install <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph_August_of_Austria" title="Archduke Joseph August of Austria">Archduke Joseph August of Austria</a> as Hungary's head of state and <a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Friedrich" title="István Friedrich">István Friedrich</a> as prime minister. However, the Allies would not accept a <a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburg</a> as head of state in Hungary and so a new government was needed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romanian_occupation_of_Hungary">Romanian occupation of Hungary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Romanian occupation of Hungary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Romania occupied all of Hungary except for an area around <a href="/wiki/Lake_Balaton" title="Lake Balaton">Lake Balaton</a>. There, Admiral <a href="/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_Horthy" title="Miklós Horthy">Miklós Horthy</a> formed a militia with arms from Romania.<sup id="cite_ref-Kiritescu_1923_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kiritescu_1923-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p. 612">: p. 612 </span></sup> Horthy was preparing to be Hungary's new leader at the end of the Romanian occupation. His supporters included some far-right nationalists.<sup id="cite_ref-Bodo_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bodo-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Horthy's supporters also included members of the <a href="/wiki/White_Terror_(Hungary)" title="White Terror (Hungary)">White Guards</a>, who had persecuted Bolsheviks and Hungarian <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>, whom they perceived as communists because of their disproportionate participation in Kun's government.<sup id="cite_ref-Kiritescu_1923_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kiritescu_1923-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p. 616">: p. 616 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bandholtz_1966_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bandholtz_1966-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: pp. 80–86 and 120">: pp. 80–86 and 120 </span></sup> The Romanian occupying force also took punitive actions against any revolutionary elements in areas under its control.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, Romanian troops provided policing and administrative services in occupied Hungary. Later, under pressure from the Allied council, those roles were returned to the Hungarians.<sup id="cite_ref-Bandholtz_1966_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bandholtz_1966-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p. 52">: p. 52 </span></sup> However, in Budapest, only 600 <a href="/wiki/Carbine" title="Carbine">carbines</a> were provided to arm 3,700 policemen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romanian_reparations">Romanian reparations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Romanian reparations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Allies were discontented with Romania's conduct during much of the Hungarian–Romanian War. Romania did not follow the Allied council's instructions, for example, by moving west of the Tisza River and by demanding large reparations.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoover_1958_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoover_1958-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_1998_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas_1998-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bandholtz_1966_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bandholtz_1966-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p. xxii and xxviii">: p. xxii and xxviii </span></sup> The Allies decided that Hungary should pay war reparations in common with the Central Powers. The council pressured Romania to accept the supervision of an Inter-Allied Military Mission to oversee the disarmament of the Hungarian Army and to see the Romanian troops withdraw.<sup id="cite_ref-Bandholtz_1966_52-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bandholtz_1966-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p. xxviii">: p. xxviii </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kiritescu_1923_29-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kiritescu_1923-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p. 614">: p. 614 </span></sup> </p><p>The Inter-Allied Military Mission committee included General <a href="/wiki/Harry_Hill_Bandholtz" title="Harry Hill Bandholtz">Harry Hill Bandholtz</a>, who wrote a detailed diary of the events<sup id="cite_ref-Bandholtz_1966_52-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bandholtz_1966-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reginald Gorton; <a href="/wiki/Jean_C%C3%A9sar_Graziani" title="Jean César Graziani">Jean César Graziani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Mombelli" title="Ernesto Mombelli">Ernesto Mombelli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bandholtz_1966_52-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bandholtz_1966-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p. 32">: p. 32 </span></sup> Lieutenant Colonel <a href="/wiki/Guido_Romanelli" title="Guido Romanelli">Guido Romanelli</a>, Mombelli's secretary and former military representative of the Supreme Council in Budapest, was accused of being biased against Romania and was replaced.<sup id="cite_ref-Kiritescu_1923_29-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kiritescu_1923-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p. 616">: p. 616 </span></sup> The relationship between the Inter-Allied Military Mission and Romania was one of discord.<sup id="cite_ref-Bandholtz_1966_52-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bandholtz_1966-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p. 45">: p. 45 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Allies requested Romania not make its own requisition for reparations and to return any captured military assets.<sup id="cite_ref-Kiritescu_1923_29-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kiritescu_1923-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p. 615">: p. 615 </span></sup> The Inter-Allied Military Mission requested for Romania return to Hungary the largely Hungarian-populated territory between the Tisza River and the first line of demarcation. Romania, under the leadership of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ion_I._C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion I. C. Brătianu">Ion Brătianu</a>, did not comply with the requests of the Inter-Allied Military Mission. On 15 November, the Allied council denied Romania reparations from Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-Kiritescu_1923_29-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kiritescu_1923-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p. 635">: p. 635 </span></sup> </p><p>The outcome of the negotiations was that Brătianu resigned his prime ministership; Romania received 1% of the total reparations from Germany and limited amounts from Bulgaria and Turkey, Romania signed a peace treaty with Austria, Romania kept reparations from Hungary and Romania's border with Hungary was determined.<sup id="cite_ref-Kiritescu_1923_29-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kiritescu_1923-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p. 646">: p. 646 </span></sup> </p><p>Hungary saw the Romanian conditions of armistice as harsh and saw the requisitioning of quotas of goods as <a href="/wiki/War_loot" class="mw-redirect" title="War loot">looting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kiritescu_1923_29-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kiritescu_1923-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p. 614">: p. 614 </span></sup> It was also required to pay the expenses of the occupying troops. Romania aimed to prevent Hungary from rearming and sought retribution for the plunder of its land by the Central Powers during the First World War.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.co.uk-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Study_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romania, having been denied by the Allies, also sought compensation for its entire war effort. Under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Saint-Germain-en-Laye_(1919)" title="Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)">Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye</a> concerning Austria and the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">Treaty of Trianon</a> concerning Hungary, Romania had to pay a "liberation fee" of 230 million gold francs to each. Romania also had to assume a share of the public debt of Austria-Hungary corresponding to the size of the former Austria-Hungary territories that it now held.<sup id="cite_ref-Kiritescu_1923_29-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kiritescu_1923-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p. 646">: p. 646 </span></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1920.6.4REGAT.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/1920.6.4REGAT.png/250px-1920.6.4REGAT.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/1920.6.4REGAT.png/375px-1920.6.4REGAT.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/1920.6.4REGAT.png/500px-1920.6.4REGAT.png 2x" data-file-width="3445" data-file-height="1937" /></a><figcaption>Romania on 4 June 1920, after the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">Treaty of Trianon</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In early 1920, Romanian troops departed Hungary. They took with them resources including foodstuffs, mineral ores and transportation and factory equipment<sup id="cite_ref-Slavicek_2010_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slavicek_2010-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also discovered historic bells of Romanian churches in Budapest taken by the Hungarians from the Austro-Hungarian Army, which had not been melted.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hungary ceded all war materials except for the weapons necessary to arm the troops under Horthy's command. It handed to Romania her entire armament industry as well as 50% of the railway rolling stock (800 locomotives and 19,000 cars), 30 percent of all livestock, 30 percent of all agricultural tools and 35,000 wagons of cereals and fodder.<sup id="cite_ref-Eby_2007_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eby_2007-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Controversy exists as to whether Romania's actions amounted to looting in terms of the volume and the indiscriminate nature of goods removed from Hungary. Even private motor vehicles could be requisitioned.<sup id="cite_ref-Bandholtz_1966_52-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bandholtz_1966-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p. 131">: p. 131 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Study_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Barclay_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barclay-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Eby_2007_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eby_2007-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MacMillan_2002_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacMillan_2002-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although public entities in occupied Hungary bore the brunt of the Romanian-imposed reparation quotas, if they were not enough, the Romanian occupation authorities requisitioned quotes from private entities, including cattle, horses and grain from farms.<sup id="cite_ref-Bandholtz_1966_52-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bandholtz_1966-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p. 128">: p. 128 </span></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Kiritescu_1923_29-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kiritescu_1923-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: pp. 612, 615–616">: pp. 612, 615–616 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Order_of_battle">Order of battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Order of battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <ul><li>Phase I <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Land_Forces" title="Romanian Land Forces">Romanian Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1st_V%C3%A2n%C4%83tori_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1st Vânători Division (page does not exist)">1st Vânători Division</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divizia_1_V%C3%A2n%C4%83tori_(1918-1920)" class="extiw" title="ro:Divizia 1 Vânători (1918-1920)">ro</a>]</span> (Gen. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristide_Lecca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aristide Lecca (page does not exist)">Lecca</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristide_Lecca" class="extiw" title="ro:Aristide Lecca">ro</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_V%C3%A2n%C4%83tori_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2nd Vânători Division (page does not exist)">2nd Vânători Division</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divizia_2_V%C3%A2n%C4%83tori_(1918-1920)" class="extiw" title="ro:Divizia 2 Vânători (1918-1920)">ro</a>]</span> (Gen. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe_Dabija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gheorghe Dabija (page does not exist)">Dabija</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gheorghe_Dabija" class="extiw" title="ro:Gheorghe Dabija">ro</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_Infantry_Division_(Romania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th Infantry Division (Romania) (page does not exist)">6th Infantry Division</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divizia_6_Infanterie_(1918-1920)" class="extiw" title="ro:Divizia 6 Infanterie (1918-1920)">ro</a>]</span> (Gen. <a href="/wiki/%C8%98tefan_Holban_(general)" title="Ștefan Holban (general)">Holban</a>) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11th_Infantry_Brigade_(Romania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11th Infantry Brigade (Romania) (page does not exist)">11th Infantry Brigade</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigada_11_Infanterie_(1918-1920)" class="extiw" title="ro:Brigada 11 Infanterie (1918-1920)">ro</a>]</span> (Col. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe_Botea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gheorghe Botea (page does not exist)">Botea</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gheorghe_Botea" class="extiw" title="ro:Gheorghe Botea">ro</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=12th_Infantry_Brigade_(Romania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="12th Infantry Brigade (Romania) (page does not exist)">12th Infantry Brigade</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigada_12_Infanterie_(1918-1920)" class="extiw" title="ro:Brigada 12 Infanterie (1918-1920)">ro</a>]</span> (Gen. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dumitru_Sachelarie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dumitru Sachelarie (page does not exist)">Sachelarie</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumitru_Sachelarie" class="extiw" title="ro:Dumitru Sachelarie">ro</a>]</span>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7th_Infantry_Division_(Romania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7th Infantry Division (Romania) (page does not exist)">7th Infantry Division</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divizia_7_Infanterie_(1918-1920)" class="extiw" title="ro:Divizia 7 Infanterie (1918-1920)">ro</a>]</span> (Gen. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantin_Neculcea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantin Neculcea (page does not exist)">Neculcea</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_Neculcea" class="extiw" title="ro:Constantin Neculcea">ro</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=16th_Infantry_Division_(Romania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="16th Infantry Division (Romania) (page does not exist)">16th Infantry Division</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divizia_16_ardelean%C4%83_(1919)" class="extiw" title="ro:Divizia 16 ardeleană (1919)">ro</a>]</span> (Gen. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandru_Hanzu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandru Hanzu (page does not exist)">Hanzu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandru_Hanzu" class="extiw" title="ro:Alexandru Hanzu">ro</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=18th_Infantry_Division_(Romania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="18th Infantry Division (Romania) (page does not exist)">18th Infantry Division</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divizia_18_ardelean%C4%83" class="extiw" title="ro:Divizia 18 ardeleană">ro</a>]</span> (Gen. <a href="/wiki/D%C4%83nil%C4%83_Papp" title="Dănilă Papp">Papp</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Aviation_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="5th Aviation Group">5th Aviation Group</a> (Maj. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanase_Enescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Athanase Enescu (page does not exist)">Enescu</a>) <ul><li>S.2 Squadron (Lt. <a href="/wiki/Emanoil_Ionescu" title="Emanoil Ionescu">Ionescu</a>)</li> <li>N.7 Squadron (Lt. Răcășanu)</li> <li>S.12 Squadron (Cpt. Racoveanu)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Phase II <ul><li>Romanian Army <ul><li><b>Northern Group</b> (Gen. <a href="/wiki/Traian_Mo%C8%99oiu" title="Traian Moșoiu">Moșoiu</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Olteanu" title="Marcel Olteanu">Olteanu</a> Detachment <ul><li>two infantry battalions</li> <li>one cavalry brigade</li> <li>one artillery battery</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Cavalry_Division_(Romania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2nd Cavalry Division (Romania) (page does not exist)">2nd Cavalry Division</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divizia_2_Cavalerie_(1918-1920)" class="extiw" title="ro:Divizia 2 Cavalerie (1918-1920)">ro</a>]</span> (<a href="/wiki/Baia_Mare" title="Baia Mare">Baia Mare</a>) (Gen. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandru_Constantinidi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandru Constantinidi (page does not exist)">Constantinidi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandru_Constantinidi" class="extiw" title="ro:Alexandru Constantinidi">ro</a>]</span>)</li> <li>7th Infantry Division (<a href="/wiki/Zal%C4%83u" title="Zalău">Zalău</a>) (Gen. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantin_Neculcea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantin Neculcea (page does not exist)">Neculcea</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_Neculcea" class="extiw" title="ro:Constantin Neculcea">ro</a>]</span>)</li> <li>16th Infantry Division (<a href="/wiki/Dej" title="Dej">Dej</a>) (Gen. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandru_Hanzu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandru Hanzu (page does not exist)">Hanzu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandru_Hanzu" class="extiw" title="ro:Alexandru Hanzu">ro</a>]</span>)</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Group (page does not exist)">Southern Group</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupul_de_Sud" class="extiw" title="ro:Grupul de Sud">ro</a>]</span></b> (Gen. <a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_M%C4%83rd%C4%83rescu" title="Gheorghe Mărdărescu">Mărdărescu</a>) <ul><li>1st Vânători Division (<a href="/wiki/Deva,_Romania" title="Deva, Romania">Deva</a>) (Gen. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristide_Lecca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aristide Lecca (page does not exist)">Lecca</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristide_Lecca" class="extiw" title="ro:Aristide Lecca">ro</a>]</span>)</li> <li>2nd <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A2n%C4%83tori_(military_unit)" title="Vânători (military unit)">Vânători</a> Division (<a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99ia_Montan%C4%83" title="Roșia Montană">Roșia</a>) (Gen. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe_Dabija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gheorghe Dabija (page does not exist)">Dabija</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gheorghe_Dabija" class="extiw" title="ro:Gheorghe Dabija">ro</a>]</span>)</li> <li>6th Infantry Division (<a href="/wiki/Huedin" title="Huedin">Huedin</a>) (Gen. <a href="/wiki/%C8%98tefan_Holban_(general)" title="Ștefan Holban (general)">Holban</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/5th_Aviation_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="5th Aviation Group">5th Aviation Group</a></b> (Maj. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanase_Enescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Athanase Enescu (page does not exist)">Enescu</a>)</li> <li><i><b>Army Reserve</b></i> <ul><li>18th Infantry Division (Gen. <a href="/wiki/D%C4%83nil%C4%83_Papp" title="Dănilă Papp">Papp</a>)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break"> <ul><li>Phase III <ul><li>Romanian Army <ul><li><b>Northern Group</b> (Gen. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolae_Mih%C4%83escu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolae Mihăescu (page does not exist)">Mihăescu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_Mih%C4%83escu" class="extiw" title="ro:Nicolae Mihăescu">ro</a>]</span>) <ul><li>16th Infantry Division (first line) (Gen. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandru_Hanzu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandru Hanzu (page does not exist)">Hanzu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandru_Hanzu" class="extiw" title="ro:Alexandru Hanzu">ro</a>]</span>)</li> <li>2nd Vânători Division (Gen. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe_Dabija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gheorghe Dabija (page does not exist)">Dabija</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gheorghe_Dabija" class="extiw" title="ro:Gheorghe Dabija">ro</a>]</span>)</li></ul></li> <li><b>Southern Group</b> (Gen. <a href="/wiki/%C8%98tefan_Holban_(general)" title="Ștefan Holban (general)">Holban</a>) <ul><li>18th Infantry Division (first line) (Gen. <a href="/wiki/D%C4%83nil%C4%83_Papp" title="Dănilă Papp">Papp</a>)</li> <li>1st Vânători Division (Gen. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristide_Lecca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aristide Lecca (page does not exist)">Lecca</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristide_Lecca" class="extiw" title="ro:Aristide Lecca">ro</a>]</span>)</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maneuver_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maneuver Group (page does not exist)">Maneuver Group</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupul_de_Manevr%C4%83,_1919" class="extiw" title="ro:Grupul de Manevră, 1919">ro</a>]</span></b> (Gen. <a href="/wiki/Traian_Mo%C8%99oiu" title="Traian Moșoiu">Moșoiu</a>) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1st_Infantry_Division_(Romania,_1918-1920)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1st Infantry Division (Romania, 1918-1920) (page does not exist)">1st Infantry Division</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divizia_1_Infanterie_(1918-1920)" class="extiw" title="ro:Divizia 1 Infanterie (1918-1920)">ro</a>]</span> (Gen. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mihail_Obogeanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mihail Obogeanu (page does not exist)">Obogeanu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihail_Obogeanu" class="extiw" title="ro:Mihail Obogeanu">ro</a>]</span>)</li> <li>2nd Cavalry Division (Gen. <a href="/wiki/Cleante_Davidoglu" title="Cleante Davidoglu">Davidoglu</a>)</li> <li>6th Infantry Division (Gen. <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Olteanu" title="Marcel Olteanu">Olteanu</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><b>5th Aviation Group</b> (Maj. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanase_Enescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Athanase Enescu (page does not exist)">Enescu</a>) <ul><li>B.2 Squadron (Lt. <a href="/wiki/Emanoil_Ionescu" title="Emanoil Ionescu">Ionescu</a>)</li> <li>N.7 Squadron (Lt. Răcășanu)</li> <li>S.12 Squadron (Cpt. Racoveanu)</li></ul></li> <li><i><b>Army Reserve</b></i> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1st_Cavalry_Division_(Romania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1st Cavalry Division (Romania) (page does not exist)">1st Cavalry Division</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divizia_1_Cavalerie_(1918-1920)" class="extiw" title="ro:Divizia 1 Cavalerie (1918-1920)">ro</a>]</span> (Gen. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romulus_Sc%C4%83ri%C8%99oreanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romulus Scărișoreanu (page does not exist)">Scărișoreanu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romulus_Sc%C4%83ri%C8%99oreanu" class="extiw" title="ro:Romulus Scărișoreanu">ro</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=20th_Infantry_Division_(Romania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="20th Infantry Division (Romania) (page does not exist)">20th Infantry Division</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divizia_20_ardelean%C4%83_(1919)" class="extiw" title="ro:Divizia 20 ardeleană (1919)">ro</a>]</span> (Gen. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mihail_Darvari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mihail Darvari (page does not exist)">Darvari</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihail_Darvari" class="extiw" title="ro:Mihail Darvari">ro</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=21st_Infantry_Division_(Romania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="21st Infantry Division (Romania) (page does not exist)">21st Infantry Division</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divizia_21_ardelean%C4%83_(1919)" class="extiw" title="ro:Divizia 21 ardeleană (1919)">ro</a>]</span> (Gen. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dumitru_Glodeanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dumitru Glodeanu (page does not exist)">Glodeanu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumitru_Glodeanu" class="extiw" title="ro:Dumitru Glodeanu">ro</a>]</span>)</li></ul></li> <li><i><b>Units brought in during the military actions</b></i> <ul><li>7th Infantry Division (Gen. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantin_Neculcea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantin Neculcea (page does not exist)">Neculcea</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_Neculcea" class="extiw" title="ro:Constantin Neculcea">ro</a>]</span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Ground_Forces" title="Hungarian Ground Forces">Hungarian Army</a> <ul><li><b>Northern Group</b> (<a href="/wiki/Tokaj" title="Tokaj">Tokaj</a>) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Sz%C3%A9kely_Brigade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2nd Székely Brigade (page does not exist)">2nd Székely Brigade</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigada_2_Secuiasc%C4%83" class="extiw" title="ro:Brigada 2 Secuiască">ro</a>]</span></li> <li>3rd <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kelys" title="Székelys">Székely</a> Brigade</li> <li>39th Infantry Battalion</li> <li>Szanto detachment</li> <li><i>Group Reserve</i> (<a href="/wiki/Miskolc" title="Miskolc">Miskolc</a>)</li> <li>1st Infantry Division</li></ul></li> <li><b>Central Group</b> (<a href="/wiki/Szolnok" title="Szolnok">Szolnok</a>) <ul><li>5th Infantry Division</li> <li>6th Infantry Division</li> <li>7th Infantry Division</li> <li>80th International Infantry Brigade</li> <li><i>Group Reserve</i> (<a href="/wiki/Cegl%C3%A9d" title="Cegléd">Cegléd</a>)</li> <li>half of the 3rd Infantry Division</li></ul></li> <li><b>South Group</b> (<a href="/wiki/Csongr%C3%A1d" title="Csongrád">Csongrád</a>) <ul><li>2nd Infantry Division</li> <li><i>Group Reserve</i> (<a href="/wiki/Kistelek" title="Kistelek">Kistelek</a>)</li> <li>4th Infantry Division</li></ul></li> <li><b>Hungarian Red Flying Corps</b> <ul><li>nine squadrons</li></ul></li> <li><i><b>Army Reserve</b></i> (Abony-Cegléd) <ul><li>half of the 3rd Infantry Division</li> <li>one cavalry regiment</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hungarian-Romanian_War_of_1919" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hungarian-Romanian War of 1919">Hungarian-Romanian War of 1919</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian%E2%80%93Czechoslovak_War" title="Hungarian–Czechoslovak War">Hungarian–Czechoslovak War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">Treaty of Trianon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Transylvania_with_Romania" title="Union of Transylvania with Romania">Union of Transylvania with Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Hungary–Romania relations">Hungary–Romania relations</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Micheal_2017-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Micheal_2017_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Micheal_2017_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFClodfelter2017" class="citation book cs1">Clodfelter, Micheal (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kNzCDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA344"><i>Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">344–</span>345. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781476625850" title="Special:BookSources/9781476625850"><bdi>9781476625850</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warfare+and+Armed+Conflicts%3A+A+Statistical+Encyclopedia+of+Casualty+and+Other+Figures%2C+1492%E2%80%932015&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E344-%3C%2Fspan%3E345&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781476625850&rft.aulast=Clodfelter&rft.aufirst=Micheal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkNzCDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA344&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorrey2011" class="citation book cs1">Torrey, Glenn E. (2011). <i>The Romanian Battlefront in World War I</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Kansas" title="University Press of Kansas">University Press of Kansas</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">319–</span>326. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780700620173" title="Special:BookSources/9780700620173"><bdi>9780700620173</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Romanian+Battlefront+in+World+War+I&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E319-%3C%2Fspan%3E326&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780700620173&rft.aulast=Torrey&rft.aufirst=Glenn+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaxtonHessler2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Paxton" title="Robert Paxton">Paxton, Robert</a>; Hessler, Julie (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M5wTncOaHEQC&pg=PA129E"><i>Europe in the Twentieth Century</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cengage" class="mw-redirect" title="Cengage">CEngage Learning</a>. p. 129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780495913191" title="Special:BookSources/9780495913191"><bdi>9780495913191</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Europe+in+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=CEngage+Learning&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780495913191&rft.aulast=Paxton&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Hessler%2C+Julie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM5wTncOaHEQC%26pg%3DPA129E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCornelius2011" class="citation book cs1">Cornelius, Deborah S. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CInVseCvW-wC&pg=PA9"><i>Hungary in World War II: Caught in the Cauldron</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Fordham_University_Press" title="Fordham University Press">Fordham University Press</a>. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780823233434" title="Special:BookSources/9780823233434"><bdi>9780823233434</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hungary+in+World+War+II%3A+Caught+in+the+Cauldron&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Fordham+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780823233434&rft.aulast=Cornelius&rft.aufirst=Deborah+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCInVseCvW-wC%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMócsy1983" class="citation book cs1">Mócsy, István (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hungarianhistory.com/lib/mocsy/mocsy11.htm"><i>The Effects of World War I</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brooklyn_College_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brooklyn College Press (page does not exist)">Brooklyn College Press</a>. p. 84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780930888046" title="Special:BookSources/9780930888046"><bdi>9780930888046</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Effects+of+World+War+I&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Brooklyn+College+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=9780930888046&rft.aulast=M%C3%B3csy&rft.aufirst=Istv%C3%A1n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hungarianhistory.com%2Flib%2Fmocsy%2Fmocsy11.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKitchen2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Kitchen" title="Martin Kitchen">Kitchen, Martin</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=36WsAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA190"><i>Europe Between the Wars</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 190. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317867531" title="Special:BookSources/9781317867531"><bdi>9781317867531</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Europe+Between+the+Wars&rft.pages=190&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781317867531&rft.aulast=Kitchen&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D36WsAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA190&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomsics2002" class="citation book cs1">Romsics, Ignác (2002). <i>Dismantling of Historic Hungary: The Peace Treaty of Trianon, 1920 Issue 3 of CHSP Hungarian authors series East European monographs</i>. Social Science Monographs. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780880335058" title="Special:BookSources/9780880335058"><bdi>9780880335058</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dismantling+of+Historic+Hungary%3A+The+Peace+Treaty+of+Trianon%2C+1920+Issue+3+of+CHSP+Hungarian+authors+series+East+European+monographs&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Social+Science+Monographs&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780880335058&rft.aulast=Romsics&rft.aufirst=Ign%C3%A1c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dixon_1986-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dixon_1986_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDixon1986" class="citation book cs1">Dixon, Joe C. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OKDRvNHdraoC&pg=PA34"><i>Defeat and Disarmament, Allied Diplomacy and Politics of Military Affairs in Austria, 1918–1922</i></a>. Newark: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Delaware_Press" title="University of Delaware Press">University of Delaware Press</a>. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780874132212" title="Special:BookSources/9780874132212"><bdi>9780874132212</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/10914238">10914238</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Defeat+and+Disarmament%2C+Allied+Diplomacy+and+Politics+of+Military+Affairs+in+Austria%2C+1918%E2%80%931922&rft.place=Newark&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=University+of+Delaware+Press&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F10914238&rft.isbn=9780874132212&rft.aulast=Dixon&rft.aufirst=Joe+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOKDRvNHdraoC%26pg%3DPA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sharp_2008-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sharp_2008_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharp2008" class="citation book cs1">Sharp, Alan (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NQodBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA156"><i>The Versailles Settlement: Peacemaking after the First World War, 1919–1923</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. p. 156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781137069689" title="Special:BookSources/9781137069689"><bdi>9781137069689</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Versailles+Settlement%3A+Peacemaking+after+the+First+World+War%2C+1919%E2%80%931923&rft.pages=156&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781137069689&rft.aulast=Sharp&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNQodBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeverinGhermanLipcsey2006" class="citation book cs1">Severin, Adrian; Gherman, Sabin; Lipcsey, Ildiko (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AkppAAAAMAAJ"><i>Romania and Transylvania in the 20th Century</i></a>. Corvinus Publications. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781882785155" title="Special:BookSources/9781882785155"><bdi>9781882785155</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Romania+and+Transylvania+in+the+20th+Century&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Corvinus+Publications&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781882785155&rft.aulast=Severin&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft.au=Gherman%2C+Sabin&rft.au=Lipcsey%2C+Ildiko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAkppAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Krizman B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trianon.inditconsulting.com/annex2.html"><i>The Belgrade Armistice of 13 November 1918</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120426062717/http://trianon.inditconsulting.com/annex2.html">Archived</a> 26 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Slavonic_and_East_European_Review" title="The Slavonic and East European Review">The Slavonic and East European Review</a></i> January 1970, 48:110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1929" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, P. M. (1929). <i>World War I: A Student Encyclopedia</i>. Santa Barbara: <a href="/wiki/ABC-Clio" title="ABC-Clio">ABC-Clio</a>. p. 1824. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781851098798" title="Special:BookSources/9781851098798"><bdi>9781851098798</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+War+I%3A+A+Student+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Santa+Barbara&rft.pages=1824&rft.pub=ABC-Clio&rft.date=1929&rft.isbn=9781851098798&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=P.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Breit_1929-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Breit_1929_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Breit J. <i>Hungarian Revolutionary Movements of 1918–19 and the History of the Red War</i> in <i>Main Events of the Károlyi Era</i> Budapest 1929. pp. 115–116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgárdy2016" class="citation web cs1">Agárdy, Csaba (6 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624182358/https://www.veol.hu/hirek/trianon-volt-az-utolso-csepp-1772297/">"Trianon volt az utolsó csepp - A Magyar Királyság sorsa már jóval a békeszerződés aláírása előtt eldőlt"</a>. <i>veol.hu</i>. Mediaworks Hungary Zrt. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.veol.hu/hirek/trianon-volt-az-utolso-csepp-1772297/">the original</a> on 24 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=veol.hu&rft.atitle=Trianon+volt+az+utols%C3%B3+csepp+-+A+Magyar+Kir%C3%A1lys%C3%A1g+sorsa+m%C3%A1r+j%C3%B3val+a+b%C3%A9keszerz%C5%91d%C3%A9s+al%C3%A1%C3%ADr%C3%A1sa+el%C5%91tt+eld%C5%91lt&rft.date=2016-06-06&rft.aulast=Ag%C3%A1rdy&rft.aufirst=Csaba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.veol.hu%2Fhirek%2Ftrianon-volt-az-utolso-csepp-1772297%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220601144504/https://www.firstworldwar.com/source/romania_ferdinandproc1.htm">"Primary Documents – King Ferdinand's Proclamation to the Romanian People, 28 August 1916"</a>. <i>www.firstworldwar.com</i>. 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(2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/755905558"><i>The Romanian battlefront in World War I</i></a>. Lawrence, KS: <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Kansas" title="University Press of Kansas">University Press of Kansas</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1839-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1839-2"><bdi>978-0-7006-1839-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/755905558">755905558</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Romanian+battlefront+in+World+War+I&rft.place=Lawrence%2C+KS&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F755905558&rft.isbn=978-0-7006-1839-2&rft.aulast=Torrey&rft.aufirst=Glenn+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F755905558&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpencer_C._Tucker2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Spencer_C._Tucker" title="Spencer C. Tucker">Spencer C. Tucker</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v_2HAgAAQBAJ&dq=Romania+%22brusilov+offensive%22&pg=PA119"><i>The Great War, 1914-1918 (Warfare and History)</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134817504" title="Special:BookSources/9781134817504"><bdi>9781134817504</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+War%2C+1914-1918+%28Warfare+and+History%29&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9781134817504&rft.au=Spencer+C.+Tucker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv_2HAgAAQBAJ%26dq%3DRomania%2B%2522brusilov%2Boffensive%2522%26pg%3DPA119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlan_Ogden2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Ogden" title="Alan Ogden">Alan Ogden</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l2TNDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT178"><i>Through Hitler's Back Door: SOE Operations in Hungary, Slovakia, Romania and Bulgaria 1939–1945</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Casemate_Publishers" title="Casemate Publishers">Casemate Publishers</a>. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781844685868" title="Special:BookSources/9781844685868"><bdi>9781844685868</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Through+Hitler%27s+Back+Door%3A+SOE+Operations+in+Hungary%2C+Slovakia%2C+Romania+and+Bulgaria+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Casemate+Publishers&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781844685868&rft.au=Alan+Ogden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl2TNDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJim_MacGregorGerry_Docherty2018" class="citation book cs1">Jim MacGregor; Gerry Docherty (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-3JGDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT457"><i>Prolonging the Agony: How The Anglo-American Establishment Deliberately Extended WWI by Three-and-a-Half Years</i></a>. TrineDay. p. 457. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781634241571" title="Special:BookSources/9781634241571"><bdi>9781634241571</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prolonging+the+Agony%3A+How+The+Anglo-American+Establishment+Deliberately+Extended+WWI+by+Three-and-a-Half+Years.&rft.pages=457&rft.pub=TrineDay&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781634241571&rft.au=Jim+MacGregor&rft.au=Gerry+Docherty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-3JGDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT457&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_S._Neiberg2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Neiberg" title="Michael S. Neiberg">Michael S. Neiberg</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=reJ5DwAAQBAJ&q=%22military+governor+of+romania%22&pg=PA156"><i>Arms and the Man: Military History Essays in Honor of Dennis Showalter</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. p. 156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004206946" title="Special:BookSources/9789004206946"><bdi>9789004206946</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arms+and+the+Man%3A+Military+History+Essays+in+Honor+of+Dennis+Showalter&rft.pages=156&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9789004206946&rft.au=Michael+S.+Neiberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DreJ5DwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522military%2Bgovernor%2Bof%2Bromania%2522%26pg%3DPA156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorne2012" class="citation book cs1">Horne, John (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EjZHLXRKjtEC&pg=455"><i>A Companion to World War I</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. p. 455. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781119968702" title="Special:BookSources/9781119968702"><bdi>9781119968702</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+World+War+I&rft.pages=455&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781119968702&rft.aulast=Horne&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEjZHLXRKjtEC%26pg%3D455&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.co.uk-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Meddling+in+Middle+Europe%3A+Britain+and+the+%27Lands+Between%27%2C+1919%E2%80%931925&rft.pub=Central+European+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9789637326233&rft.aulast=Lojk%C3%B3&rft.aufirst=Miklos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq-IOJWicco8C%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fr-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fr_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181123133121/http://www.servicehistorique.sga.defense.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/LaConventionDarmistice.pdf"><i>Convention</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, 11 November 1918, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.servicehistorique.sga.defense.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/LaConventionDarmistice.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 23 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Convention&rft.date=1918-11-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.servicehistorique.sga.defense.gouv.fr%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FLaConventionDarmistice.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_M%C4%83rd%C4%83rescu" title="Gheorghe Mărdărescu">Mărdărescu, Gheorghe D.</a>, <i>Campania pentru desrobirea Ardealului și ocuparea Budapestei 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Muzeul+Virtual+al+Unirii&rft.atitle=1+Decembrie+1918+-+Unirea+Transilvaniei%2C+Banatului%2C+Cri%C8%99anei+%C8%99i+Maramure%C8%99ului+cu+Regatul+Rom%C3%A2n&rft.date=2020-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmvu.ro%2F1-decembrie-1918-unirea-transilvaniei-banatului-crisanei-si-maramuresului-cu-regatul-roman%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Treptow-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Treptow_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTreptow2003" class="citation book cs1">Treptow, Kurt W. (2003). <i>A History of Romania</i> (fourth ed.). Iași: Center for Romanian Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789739432351" title="Special:BookSources/9789739432351"><bdi>9789739432351</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/171567048">171567048</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Romania&rft.place=Ia%C8%99i&rft.edition=fourth&rft.pub=Center+for+Romanian+Studies&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F171567048&rft.isbn=9789739432351&rft.aulast=Treptow&rft.aufirst=Kurt+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Iancu G. and Wachter M. <i>The Ruling Council: the Integration of Transylvania into Romania (1918–1920)</i> Center for Transylvanian Studies 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789739132787" title="Special:BookSources/9789739132787">9789739132787</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-telegraph-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-telegraph_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-telegraph_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeadbeater2019" class="citation web cs1">Leadbeater, Chris (3 January 2019). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/romania/articles/forgotten-war-hungary-romania-transylvania/">"The forgotten war which made Transylvania Romanian"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/romania/articles/forgotten-war-hungary-romania-transylvania/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-01-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=The+forgotten+war+which+made+Transylvania+Romanian&rft.date=2019-01-03&rft.aulast=Leadbeater&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ftravel%2Fdestinations%2Feurope%2Fromania%2Farticles%2Fforgotten-war-hungary-romania-transylvania%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kiritescu_1923-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kiritescu_1923_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kiritescu_1923_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kiritescu_1923_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kiritescu_1923_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kiritescu_1923_29-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kiritescu_1923_29-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kiritescu_1923_29-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kiritescu_1923_29-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kiritescu_1923_29-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kiritescu_1923_29-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kiritescu_1923_29-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kiritescu_1923_29-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirițescu1923" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Kiri%C8%9Bescu" title="Constantin Kirițescu">Kirițescu, Constantin</a> (1923). <i>Istoria războiului pentru întregirea României</i> (in Romanian). Vol. 2. <a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A2nia_Nou%C4%83" title="România Nouă">România Nouă</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/157052578">157052578</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Istoria+r%C4%83zboiului+pentru+%C3%AEntregirea+Rom%C3%A2niei&rft.pub=Rom%C3%A2nia+Nou%C4%83&rft.date=1923&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F157052578&rft.aulast=Kiri%C8%9Bescu&rft.aufirst=Constantin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sachar_2007-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sachar_2007_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSachar2007" class="citation book cs1">Sachar, Howard M. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XfNKQ8bLYLUC&pg=PA107"><i>Dreamland: Europeans and Jews in the Aftermath of the Great War</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Knopf Doubleday</a>. p. 409. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780307425676" title="Special:BookSources/9780307425676"><bdi>9780307425676</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dreamland%3A+Europeans+and+Jews+in+the+Aftermath+of+the+Great+War&rft.pages=409&rft.pub=Knopf+Doubleday&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780307425676&rft.aulast=Sachar&rft.aufirst=Howard+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXfNKQ8bLYLUC%26pg%3DPA107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tucker_2014-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tucker_2014_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTucker2014" class="citation book cs1">Tucker, Spencer C. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2YqjfHLyyj8C&pg=PA629"><i>World War I: the Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-Clio" title="ABC-Clio">ABC-Clio</a>. p. 867. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781851099658" title="Special:BookSources/9781851099658"><bdi>9781851099658</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+War+I%3A+the+Definitive+Encyclopedia+and+Document+Collection&rft.pages=867&rft.pub=ABC-Clio&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781851099658&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Spencer+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2YqjfHLyyj8C%26pg%3DPA629&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dowling_2014-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dowling_2014_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowling2014" class="citation book cs1">Dowling, Timothy C. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KTq2BQAAQBAJ&pg=PA447"><i>Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-Clio" title="ABC-Clio">ABC-Clio</a>. p. 447. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781598849486" title="Special:BookSources/9781598849486"><bdi>9781598849486</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia+at+War%3A+From+the+Mongol+Conquest+to+Afghanistan%2C+Chechnya%2C+and+Beyond&rft.pages=447&rft.pub=ABC-Clio&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781598849486&rft.aulast=Dowling&rft.aufirst=Timothy+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKTq2BQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA447&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Andelman_2009-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Andelman_2009_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndelman2009" class="citation book cs1">Andelman, David A. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3H1yONggqlkC&pg=PA193"><i>A shattered peace: Versailles 1919 and the price we pay today</i></a>. Hoboken, N.J.: <a href="/wiki/Wiley_(publisher)" title="Wiley (publisher)">John Wiley and Sons</a>. p. 193. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780470564721" title="Special:BookSources/9780470564721"><bdi>9780470564721</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+shattered+peace%3A+Versailles+1919+and+the+price+we+pay+today&rft.place=Hoboken%2C+N.J.&rft.pages=193&rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780470564721&rft.aulast=Andelman&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3H1yONggqlkC%26pg%3DPA193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwanson2017" class="citation book cs1">Swanson, John C. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YqyzDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT80"><i>Tangible Belonging: Negotiating Germanness in Twentieth-Century Hungary</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Press" title="University of Pittsburgh Press">University of Pittsburgh Press</a>. p. 80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780822981992" title="Special:BookSources/9780822981992"><bdi>9780822981992</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tangible+Belonging%3A+Negotiating+Germanness+in+Twentieth-Century+Hungary&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9780822981992&rft.aulast=Swanson&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYqyzDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOkey2003" class="citation book cs1">Okey, Robin (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-8qIAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA162"><i>Eastern Europe 1740–1985: Feudalism to Communism</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 162. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134886876" title="Special:BookSources/9781134886876"><bdi>9781134886876</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eastern+Europe+1740%E2%80%931985%3A+Feudalism+to+Communism&rft.pages=162&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9781134886876&rft.aulast=Okey&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-8qIAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLukacs1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Lukacs" title="John Lukacs">Lukacs, John</a> (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ajeNDt-QsyIC"><i>Budapest 1900: A Historical Portrait of a City and Its Culture</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Grove_Press" title="Grove Press">Grove Press</a>. p. 2012. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802132505" title="Special:BookSources/9780802132505"><bdi>9780802132505</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Budapest+1900%3A+A+Historical+Portrait+of+a+City+and+Its+Culture&rft.pages=2012&rft.pub=Grove+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780802132505&rft.aulast=Lukacs&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DajeNDt-QsyIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Diner_2008-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Diner_2008_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diner_2008_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiner2008" class="citation book cs1">Diner, Dan (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hOx_6TxOhzoC&pg=PA77"><i>Cataclysms: a History of the Twentieth Century from Europe's Edge</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_Press" title="University of Wisconsin Press">University of Wisconsin Press</a>. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780299223533" title="Special:BookSources/9780299223533"><bdi>9780299223533</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cataclysms%3A+a+History+of+the+Twentieth+Century+from+Europe%27s+Edge&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780299223533&rft.aulast=Diner&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhOx_6TxOhzoC%26pg%3DPA77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRead2009" class="citation book cs1">Read, Anthony (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z9Lrd3JLlGEC&pg=PA161"><i>The World on Fire</i></a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Pimlico</a>. p. 161. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781844138326" title="Special:BookSources/9781844138326"><bdi>9781844138326</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/360205298">360205298</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+on+Fire&rft.place=London&rft.pages=161&rft.pub=Pimlico&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F360205298&rft.isbn=9781844138326&rft.aulast=Read&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ9Lrd3JLlGEC%26pg%3DPA161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranchet_d'Espèrey1919" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Franchet_d%27Esp%C3%A8rey" title="Louis Franchet d'Espèrey">Franchet d'Espèrey, Louis</a> (12 April 1919), <i>Archives diplomatiques. Europe Z, R</i>, vol. 47, p. 86</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archives+diplomatiques.+Europe+Z%2C+R&rft.pages=86&rft.date=1919-04-12&rft.aulast=Franchet+d%27Esp%C3%A8rey&rft.aufirst=Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClemenceau1919" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Clemenceau" title="Georges Clemenceau">Clemenceau, Georges</a> (14 April 1919), <i>Archives diplomatiques. 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Vol. <span class="nowrap">13–</span>15. Universita. p. 141.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annales+Universitatis+Scientiarum+Budapestinensis+de+Rolando+E%C3%B6tv%C3%B6s+Nominatae%2C+Sectio+philosophica+et+sociologica&rft.pages=141&rft.pub=Universita&rft.date=1979&rft.au=E%C3%B6tv%C3%B6s+Lor%C3%A1nd+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMazWAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522proletariat%2Bof%2Bbudapest%2Brose%2Bin%2Barms%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldstone2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jack_A._Goldstone" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack A. 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Routledge. p. 227. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135937584" title="Special:BookSources/9781135937584"><bdi>9781135937584</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Political+Revolutions&rft.pages=227&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781135937584&rft.aulast=Goldstone&rft.aufirst=Jack+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGre5CAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPastor1988" class="citation book cs1">Pastor, Peter (1988). <i>Revolutions and Interventions in Hungary and Its Neighbor States, 1918–1919</i>. 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Social Science Monographs. p. 441. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780880331371" title="Special:BookSources/9780880331371"><bdi>9780880331371</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revolutions+and+Interventions+in+Hungary+and+Its+Neighbor+States%2C+1918%E2%80%931919&rft.pages=441&rft.pub=Social+Science+Monographs&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780880331371&rft.aulast=Pastor&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSugarHanákTibor_Frank1994" class="citation book cs1">Sugar, Peter F.; Hanák, Péter; Tibor Frank (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SKwmGQCT0MAC&pg=PA308"><i>A History of Hungary</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a>. p. 308. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780253208675" title="Special:BookSources/9780253208675"><bdi>9780253208675</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Hungary&rft.pages=308&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780253208675&rft.aulast=Sugar&rft.aufirst=Peter+F.&rft.au=Han%C3%A1k%2C+P%C3%A9ter&rft.au=Tibor+Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSKwmGQCT0MAC%26pg%3DPA308&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2YqjfHLyyj8C&pg=PA563"><i>World War I: A–D</i></a>. Vol. 1. <a href="/wiki/ABC-Clio" title="ABC-Clio">ABC-Clio</a>. 2005. p. 563. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781851094202" title="Special:BookSources/9781851094202"><bdi>9781851094202</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+War+I%3A+A%E2%80%93D&rft.pages=563&rft.pub=ABC-Clio&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781851094202&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2YqjfHLyyj8C%26pg%3DPA563&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNye2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Jo_Nye" title="Mary Jo Nye">Nye, Mary Jo</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Qr0lEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22bela+kun%22+czechoslovakia+officers+resigned&pg=PA13"><i>Michael Polanyi and His Generation: Origins of the Social Construction of Science</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226103174" title="Special:BookSources/9780226103174"><bdi>9780226103174</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Michael+Polanyi+and+His+Generation%3A+Origins+of+the+Social+Construction+of+Science&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780226103174&rft.aulast=Nye&rft.aufirst=Mary+Jo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQr0lEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522bela%2Bkun%2522%2Bczechoslovakia%2Bofficers%2Bresigned%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvramArmă2018" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Avram, Valeriu; Armă, Alexandru (2018). <i>Aeronautica română în Războiul de Întregire națională 1916-1919</i> (in Romanian). 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Campania din Ungaria 1919"</a> (in Romanian). <a href="/wiki/Radio_Rom%C3%A2nia_Actualit%C4%83%C8%9Bi" title="Radio România Actualități">Radio România Actualități</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C3%8En+ap%C4%83rarea+Rom%C3%A2niei+Mari.+Campania+din+Ungaria+1919&rft.pub=Radio+Rom%C3%A2nia+Actualit%C4%83%C8%9Bi&rft.date=2019-08-05&rft.aulast=Popescu&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.romania-actualitati.ro%2Fin_apararea_romaniei_mari_campania_din_ungaria_1919-129648&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bodo-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bodo_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBodo2004" class="citation journal cs1">Bodo, Béla (22 June 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/195170875">"Paramilitary violence in Hungary after the first world war"</a>. <i>East European Quarterly</i>. <b>38</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">129–</span>172. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0012-8449">0012-8449</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/195170875">195170875</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=East+European+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Paramilitary+violence+in+Hungary+after+the+first+world+war&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E129-%3C%2Fspan%3E172&rft.date=2004-06-22&rft.issn=0012-8449&rft.aulast=Bodo&rft.aufirst=B%C3%A9la&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F195170875&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bandholtz_1966-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bandholtz_1966_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bandholtz_1966_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bandholtz_1966_52-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bandholtz_1966_52-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bandholtz_1966_52-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bandholtz_1966_52-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bandholtz_1966_52-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bandholtz_1966_52-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bandholtz_1966_52-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBandholtz1966" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Hill_Bandholtz" title="Harry Hill Bandholtz">Bandholtz, Harry Hill</a> (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tRDiAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Admiral+Horthy%E2%80%99s+army+had+done+everything+within+reason+to+prevent+any+such+persecutions%22"><i>An Undiplomatic Diary</i></a>. AMS Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">80–</span>86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780404004941" title="Special:BookSources/9780404004941"><bdi>9780404004941</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Undiplomatic+Diary&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E80-%3C%2Fspan%3E86&rft.pub=AMS+Press&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=9780404004941&rft.aulast=Bandholtz&rft.aufirst=Harry+Hill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtRDiAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522Admiral%2BHorthy%25E2%2580%2599s%2Barmy%2Bhad%2Bdone%2Beverything%2Bwithin%2Breason%2Bto%2Bprevent%2Bany%2Bsuch%2Bpersecutions%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSugarHanák1990" class="citation book cs1">Sugar, Peter F.; Hanák, Péter (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SKwmGQCT0MAC&q=punitive"><i>A History of Hungary</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a>. p. 310. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780253208675" title="Special:BookSources/9780253208675"><bdi>9780253208675</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Hungary&rft.pages=310&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780253208675&rft.aulast=Sugar&rft.aufirst=Peter+F.&rft.au=Han%C3%A1k%2C+P%C3%A9ter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSKwmGQCT0MAC%26q%3Dpunitive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoover_1958-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hoover_1958_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoover1958" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Hoover, Herbert</a> (1958). <i>The Ordeal of Woodrow Wilson</i>. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. <span class="nowrap">134–</span>140. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1197939983">1197939983</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ordeal+of+Woodrow+Wilson&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E134-%3C%2Fspan%3E140&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1958&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1197939983&rft.aulast=Hoover&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas_1998-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_1998_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas R. <i>The Land of Challenge, a profile of the Magyars</i> Southwest University Press 1998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPastor1988" class="citation book cs1">Pastor, Peter (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TWLfAAAAMAAJ&q=Inter-Allied+Military+Mission"><i>Revolutions and Interventions in Hungary and its Neighbour States, 1918–1919</i></a>. Social Science Monographs. p. 313. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780880331371" title="Special:BookSources/9780880331371"><bdi>9780880331371</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revolutions+and+Interventions+in+Hungary+and+its+Neighbour+States%2C+1918%E2%80%931919&rft.pages=313&rft.pub=Social+Science+Monographs&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780880331371&rft.aulast=Pastor&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTWLfAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DInter-Allied%2BMilitary%2BMission&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Study-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Study_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Study_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/rotoc.html"><i>A Country Study: Romania.</i></a> Federal Research Division, <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Slavicek_2010-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Slavicek_2010_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlavicek2010" class="citation book cs1">Slavicek, Louise Chipley (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LHA3f2zIvTUC&pg=PA84"><i>The Treaty of Versailles</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Infobase_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Infobase Publishing">Infobase Publishing</a>. p. 84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-3132-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-3132-0"><bdi>978-1-4381-3132-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/607552519">607552519</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Treaty+of+Versailles&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F607552519&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-3132-0&rft.aulast=Slavicek&rft.aufirst=Louise+Chipley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLHA3f2zIvTUC%26pg%3DPA84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBichir" class="citation cs2">Bichir, F., <i>Lumea credinței</i>, vol. III</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lumea+credin%C8%9Bei&rft.aulast=Bichir&rft.aufirst=F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArdeleanuPopescu-Puțuri1986" class="citation book cs1">Ardeleanu, Ion; Popescu-Puțuri, Ion (1986). <i>Arhivele Statului</i>. Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică. p. 64.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arhivele+Statului&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=Editura+%C8%98tiin%C8%9Bific%C4%83+%C8%99i+Enciclopedic%C4%83&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Ardeleanu&rft.aufirst=Ion&rft.au=Popescu-Pu%C8%9Buri%2C+Ion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Revista <i>Fundației Drăgan</i>. (5–6). 1989, p. 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAioaneiArdeleanu1983" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Aioanei, Varvara; Ardeleanu, Ion (1983). <i>Desăvîrșirea unitătii național-statele a poporului român: Februarie 1920 – decembrie 1920</i> (in Romanian). Bucharest: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică. p. 64.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Des%C4%83v%C3%AEr%C8%99irea+unit%C4%83tii+na%C8%9Bional-statele+a+poporului+rom%C3%A2n%3A+Februarie+1920+%E2%80%93+decembrie+1920&rft.place=Bucharest&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=Editura+%C8%98tiin%C8%9Bific%C4%83+%C8%99i+Enciclopedic%C4%83&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Aioanei&rft.aufirst=Varvara&rft.au=Ardeleanu%2C+Ion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eby_2007-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Eby_2007_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eby_2007_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEby2007" class="citation book cs1">Eby, Cecil D. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LQ2j2_wcWxMC&pg=PA4"><i>Hungary at War: Civilians and Soldiers in World War II</i></a>. University Park: <a href="/wiki/Penn_State_University_Press" title="Penn State University Press">Penn State University Press</a>. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780271040882" title="Special:BookSources/9780271040882"><bdi>9780271040882</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hungary+at+War%3A+Civilians+and+Soldiers+in+World+War+II&rft.place=University+Park&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Penn+State+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780271040882&rft.aulast=Eby&rft.aufirst=Cecil+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLQ2j2_wcWxMC%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barclay-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barclay_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarclay1971" class="citation book cs1">Barclay, Glen St. John (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9ypnAAAAMAAJ&q=%22looting+of+Budapest%22"><i>20th Century Nationalism</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Weidenfeld_%26_Nicolson" title="Weidenfeld & Nicolson">Weidenfeld & Nicolson</a>. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780297004783" title="Special:BookSources/9780297004783"><bdi>9780297004783</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/227012">227012</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=20th+Century+Nationalism&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F227012&rft.isbn=9780297004783&rft.aulast=Barclay&rft.aufirst=Glen+St.+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9ypnAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522looting%2Bof%2BBudapest%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacMillan_2002-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MacMillan_2002_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacMillan2002" class="citation book cs1">MacMillan, Margaret (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5NYdwyI5acQC&q=%22Telephones%2C+prized+stallions%2C+fire+engines%2C+shoes%2C+carpets%2C+automobiles%2C+grain%2C+cattle%2C+and+even+railway+cars+and+locomotives+vanished+eastward%22"><i>Paris 1919, Six Months that Changed the World</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. p. 268. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780375760525" title="Special:BookSources/9780375760525"><bdi>9780375760525</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paris+1919%2C+Six+Months+that+Changed+the+World&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=268&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780375760525&rft.aulast=MacMillan&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5NYdwyI5acQC%26q%3D%2522Telephones%252C%2Bprized%2Bstallions%252C%2Bfire%2Bengines%252C%2Bshoes%252C%2Bcarpets%252C%2Bautomobiles%252C%2Bgrain%252C%2Bcattle%252C%2Band%2Beven%2Brailway%2Bcars%2Band%2Blocomotives%2Bvanished%2Beastward%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBachman1991" class="citation book cs1">Bachman, Ronald D., ed. (1991). "Greater Romania and the Occupation of Budapest". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/romaniacountryst00bach"><i>Romania: A Country Study</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">LOC</a>. Washington: <a href="/wiki/Government_Printing_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Government Printing Office">GPO</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/470420391">470420391</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Greater+Romania+and+the+Occupation+of+Budapest&rft.btitle=Romania%3A+A+Country+Study&rft.place=Washington&rft.pub=GPO&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F470420391&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fromaniacountryst00bach&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBandholtz1933" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Hill_Bandholtz" title="Harry Hill Bandholtz">Bandholtz, Harry Hill</a> (1933). <i>An Undiplomatic Diary</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/716592714">716592714</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Undiplomatic+Diary&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1933&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F716592714&rft.aulast=Bandholtz&rft.aufirst=Harry+Hill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarclay1971" class="citation book cs1">Barclay, Glen St. John (1971). <i>20th Century Nationalism</i>. 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(2015). <i>Magyar Warriors: The History of the Royal Hungarian Armed Forces, 1919–1945</i>. Vol. 1. 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"Main Events of the Károlyi Era". <i>Hungarian Revolutionary Movements of 1918–19</i>. Vol. 1. Budapest: Magy. Kir. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/55974053">55974053</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Main+Events+of+the+K%C3%A1rolyi+Era&rft.btitle=Hungarian+Revolutionary+Movements+of+1918%E2%80%9319&rft.place=Budapest&rft.pub=Magy.+Kir.&rft.date=1925&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F55974053&rft.aulast=Breit&rft.aufirst=J%C3%B3zsef&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBusky2002" class="citation book cs1">Busky, Donald F. (2002). <i>Communism in History and Theory: The European Experience</i>. 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"The Romanian military occupation of Hungary, April 1919 – March 1920". <i>Romanian Postal History Bulletin</i>. <b>5</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">14–</span>35. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/752328222">752328222</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Romanian+Postal+History+Bulletin&rft.atitle=The+Romanian+military+occupation+of+Hungary%2C+April+1919+%E2%80%93+March+1920&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E14-%3C%2Fspan%3E35&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F752328222&rft.aulast=Grecu&rft.aufirst=Dan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIancu1995" class="citation book cs1">Iancu, Gheorghe (1995). <i>The Ruling Council: The Integration of Transylvania into Romania</i>. 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Vol. 2. Bucharest: România Nouă. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/251736838">251736838</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Istoria+r%C4%83zboiului+pentru+%C3%AEntregirea+Rom%C3%A2niei&rft.place=Bucharest&rft.pub=Rom%C3%A2nia+Nou%C4%83&rft.date=1924&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F251736838&rft.aulast=Kiri%C8%9Bescu&rft.aufirst=Constantin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLojkó2006" class="citation book cs1">Lojkó, Miklós (2006). <i>Meddling in Middle Europe: Britain and the 'Lands Between', 1919–1925</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Central_European_University" title="Central European University">CEU Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789637326233" title="Special:BookSources/9789637326233"><bdi>9789637326233</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/60596123">60596123</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Meddling+in+Middle+Europe%3A+Britain+and+the+%27Lands+Between%27%2C+1919%E2%80%931925&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=CEU+Press&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60596123&rft.isbn=9789637326233&rft.aulast=Lojk%C3%B3&rft.aufirst=Mikl%C3%B3s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacMillan2002" class="citation book cs1">MacMillan, Margaret (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/paris1919sixmont00macm"><i>Paris 1919, Six Months that Changed the World</i></a></span>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780375760525" title="Special:BookSources/9780375760525"><bdi>9780375760525</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paris+1919%2C+Six+Months+that+Changed+the+World&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780375760525&rft.aulast=MacMillan&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fparis1919sixmont00macm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMărdărescu2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_M%C4%83rd%C4%83rescu" title="Gheorghe Mărdărescu">Mărdărescu, Gheorghe D.</a> (2009). <i>Campania pentru desrobirea Ardealului și ocuparea Budapestei, 1918–1920</i> (in Romanian). Bucharest: <a href="/wiki/Editura_Militar%C4%83" title="Editura Militară">Editura Militară</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789733207948" title="Special:BookSources/9789733207948"><bdi>9789733207948</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Campania+pentru+desrobirea+Ardealului+%C8%99i+ocuparea+Budapestei%2C+1918%E2%80%931920&rft.place=Bucharest&rft.pub=Editura+Militar%C4%83&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9789733207948&rft.aulast=M%C4%83rd%C4%83rescu&rft.aufirst=Gheorghe+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitrasca2002" class="citation book cs1">Mitrasca, Marcel (2002). <i>Moldova: A Romanian Province Under Russian Rule, Diplomatic History</i>. New York: Algora. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781892941862" title="Special:BookSources/9781892941862"><bdi>9781892941862</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/49627640">49627640</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Moldova%3A+A+Romanian+Province+Under+Russian+Rule%2C+Diplomatic+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Algora&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F49627640&rft.isbn=9781892941862&rft.aulast=Mitrasca&rft.aufirst=Marcel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrmos1982" class="citation book cs1">Ormos, M. (1982). "Hungarian Soviet Republic and Intervention by the Entente". <i>War and Society in East Central Europe</i>. Vol. 6. Brooklyn College Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/906429961">906429961</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hungarian+Soviet+Republic+and+Intervention+by+the+Entente&rft.btitle=War+and+Society+in+East+Central+Europe&rft.pub=Brooklyn+College+Press&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F906429961&rft.aulast=Ormos&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorrey2011" class="citation book cs1">Torrey, Glenn E. (2011). <i>The Romanian Battlefront in World War I</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Kansas" title="University Press of Kansas">University Press of Kansas</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780700620173" title="Special:BookSources/9780700620173"><bdi>9780700620173</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Romanian+Battlefront+in+World+War+I&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780700620173&rft.aulast=Torrey&rft.aufirst=Glenn+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTreptow2003" class="citation book cs1">Treptow, Kurt W. (2003). <i>A History of Romania</i> (fourth ed.). Iași: Center for Romanian Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789739432351" title="Special:BookSources/9789739432351"><bdi>9789739432351</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/171567048">171567048</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Romania&rft.place=Ia%C8%99i&rft.edition=fourth&rft.pub=Center+for+Romanian+Studies&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F171567048&rft.isbn=9789739432351&rft.aulast=Treptow&rft.aufirst=Kurt+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebb2008" class="citation book cs1">Webb, Adrian (2008). <i>The Routledge Companion to Central and Eastern Europe since 1919</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780203928172" title="Special:BookSources/9780203928172"><bdi>9780203928172</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/231413115">231413115</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Companion+to+Central+and+Eastern+Europe+since+1919&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F231413115&rft.isbn=9780203928172&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian%E2%80%93Romanian+War" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_War_I23297" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_I" title="Template:World War I"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_War_I" title="Template talk:World War I"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_War_I" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World War I"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_War_I23297" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_World_War_I" title="Outline of World War I">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_engagements_of_World_War_I" title="List of military engagements of World War I">Military engagements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_I" title="Aftermath of World War I">Aftermath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_World_War_I" title="Economic history of World War I">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_geography_in_World_War_I" title="Role of geography in World War I">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_World_War_I" title="Historiography of World War I">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_front_during_World_War_I" title="Home front during World War I">Home fronts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_memorials" title="World War I memorials">Memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_World_War_I" title="Opposition to World War I">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_in_popular_culture" title="World War I in popular culture">Popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_World_War_I" title="Propaganda in World War I">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_I_puppet_states" title="List of World War I puppet states">Puppet states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_during_World_War_I" title="Technology during World War I">Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Theatres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="European theatre of World War I">European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkans_theatre" title="Balkans theatre">Balkans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_campaign" title="Serbian campaign">Serbia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Eastern Front (World War I)">Eastern Front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_I" title="Romania in World War I">Romania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_front_(World_War_I)" title="Italian front (World War I)">Italian Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="Middle Eastern theatre of World War I">Middle Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign" title="Gallipoli campaign">Gallipoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_and_Palestine_campaign" title="Sinai and Palestine campaign">Sinai and Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_campaign" title="Caucasus campaign">Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_campaign_(World_War_I)" title="Persian campaign (World War I)">Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_campaign" title="Mesopotamian campaign">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Hejaz & Levant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/African_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="African theatre of World War I">African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Africa_campaign" title="South West Africa campaign">South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_I)" title="East African campaign (World War I)">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamerun_campaign" title="Kamerun campaign">Kamerun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togoland_campaign" title="Togoland campaign">Togoland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_operations_in_North_Africa_during_World_War_I" title="Military operations in North Africa during World War I">North</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Asian_and_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I">Asian and Pacific</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tsingtao" title="Siege of Tsingtao">Tsingtao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_German_Samoa" title="Occupation of German Samoa">German Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_occupation_of_German_New_Guinea" title="Allied occupation of German New Guinea">German New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_of_World_War_I" title="Naval warfare of World War I">Naval warfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U-boat_campaign" title="U-boat campaign">U-boat campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_U-boat_campaign_of_World_War_I" title="Atlantic U-boat campaign of World War I">North Atlantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_in_the_Mediterranean_during_World_War_I" title="Naval warfare in the Mediterranean during World War I">Mediterranean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Principal<br />participants</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Entente Powers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_leaders_of_World_War_I" title="Allied leaders of World War I">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_World_War_I" title="Belgium in World War I">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_during_World_War_I" title="Brazil during World War I">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_during_World_War_I" title="China during World War I">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Army_in_World_War_I" title="French Army in World War I">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French Empire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_during_World_War_I" title="Greece during World War I">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hejaz" title="Kingdom of Hejaz">Hejaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_I" title="Military history of Italy during World War I">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_I" title="Japan during World War I">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Montenegro#World_War_I" title="History of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_I" title="Portugal during World War I">Portuguese Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_I" title="Romania in World War I">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia in the First World War">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia_(1894%E2%80%931917)#Russia_at_war,_1914–1916" title="History of Russia (1894–1917)">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Republic" title="Russian Republic">Russian Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Serbia#Serbia_in_World_War_I_(1914–1918)" title="History of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siam_in_World_War_I" title="Siam in World War I">Siam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_the_First_World_War" title="History of the United Kingdom during the First World War">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_in_World_War_I" title="United States in World War I">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leaders_of_the_Central_Powers_of_World_War_I" title="Leaders of the Central Powers of World War I">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Austria-Hungary_during_World_War_I" title="History of Austria-Hungary during World War I">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire_in_World_War_I" title="Ottoman Empire in World War I">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_I" title="Bulgaria during World War I">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senussi_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Senussi Campaign">Senussi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritz_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritz Rebellion">South African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Darfur" title="Sultanate of Darfur">Darfur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_I" title="Timeline of World War I">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Pre-War conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> (1870–71)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scramble_for_Africa" title="Scramble for Africa">Scramble for Africa</a> (1880–1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis" title="First Moroccan Crisis">Tangier Crisis</a> (1905–06)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Crisis" title="Bosnian Crisis">Bosnian Crisis</a> (1908–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agadir_Crisis" title="Agadir Crisis">Agadir Crisis</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War" title="Italo-Turkish War">Italo-Turkish War</a> (1911–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a> (1912–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Balkan_War" title="Second Balkan War">Second Balkan War</a> (1913)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Prelude</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_I" title="Causes of World War I">Origins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_the_causes_of_World_War_I" title="Historiography of the causes of World War I">Historiography</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand" title="Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand">Sarajevo assassination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_riots_in_Sarajevo" title="Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo">Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_Crisis" title="July Crisis">July Crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">1914</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1914)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1914)">German invasion of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Frontiers" title="Battle of the Frontiers">Battle of the Frontiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cer" title="Battle of Cer">Battle of Cer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Galicia" title="Battle of Galicia">Battle of Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_East_Prussia_(1914)" title="Russian invasion of East Prussia (1914)">Russian invasion of East Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tannenberg" title="Battle of Tannenberg">Battle of Tannenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tsingtao" title="Siege of Tsingtao">Siege of Tsingtao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Masurian_Lakes" title="First Battle of the Masurian Lakes">First Battle of the Masurian Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grand_Couronn%C3%A9" title="Battle of Grand Couronné">Battle of Grand Couronné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="First Battle of the Marne">First Battle of the Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Przemy%C5%9Bl" title="Siege of Przemyśl">Siege of Przemyśl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_to_the_Sea" title="Race to the Sea">Race to the Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Ypres" title="First Battle of Ypres">First Battle of Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_raid" title="Black Sea raid">Black Sea raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kolubara" title="Battle of Kolubara">Battle of Kolubara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarikamish" title="Battle of Sarikamish">Battle of Sarikamish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_truce" title="Christmas truce">Christmas truce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">1915</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Masurian_Lakes" title="Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes">Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%81om%C5%BCa" title="Battle of Łomża">Battle of Łomża</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Ypres" title="Second Battle of Ypres">Second Battle of Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_the_RMS_Lusitania" title="Sinking of the RMS Lusitania">Sinking of the RMS <i>Lusitania</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign" title="Gallipoli campaign">Battle of Gallipoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Artois" title="Second Battle of Artois">Second Battle of Artois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_the_Isonzo" title="Battles of the Isonzo">Battles of the Isonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorlice%E2%80%93Tarn%C3%B3w_offensive" title="Gorlice–Tarnów offensive">Gorlice–Tarnów offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Retreat_(Russia)" title="Great Retreat (Russia)">Great Retreat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bug%E2%80%93Narew_Offensive" title="Bug–Narew Offensive">Bug-Narew Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Novogeorgievsk" title="Siege of Novogeorgievsk">Siege of Novogeorgievsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Bug_offensive" title="Vistula–Bug offensive">Vistula–Bug offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Champagne" title="Second Battle of Champagne">Second Battle of Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_offensive_(1915)" title="Kosovo offensive (1915)">Kosovo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kut" title="Siege of Kut">Siege of Kut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loos" title="Battle of Loos">Battle of Loos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Robat_Karim" title="Battle of Robat Karim">Battle of Robat Karim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">1916</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erzurum_offensive" title="Erzurum offensive">Erzurum offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun" title="Battle of Verdun">Battle of Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Naroch_offensive" title="Lake Naroch offensive">Lake Naroch offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Asiago" title="Battle of Asiago">Battle of Asiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jutland" title="Battle of Jutland">Battle of Jutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme" title="Battle of the Somme">Battle of the Somme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_day_on_the_Somme" title="First day on the Somme">first day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brusilov_offensive" title="Brusilov offensive">Brusilov offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baranovichi_offensive" title="Baranovichi offensive">Baranovichi offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Romani" title="Battle of Romani">Battle of Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastir_offensive" title="Monastir offensive">Monastir offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Transylvania" title="Battle of Transylvania">Battle of Transylvania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_I_(1917%E2%80%931918)" title="Timeline of World War I (1917–1918)">1917</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Baghdad_(1917)" title="Fall of Baghdad (1917)">Capture of Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimmermann_telegram" title="Zimmermann telegram">Zimmermann telegram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arras_(1917)" title="Battle of Arras (1917)">Second battle of Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_battle_of_the_Aisne" class="mw-redirect" title="Second battle of the Aisne">Second battle of the Aisne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerensky_offensive" title="Kerensky offensive">Kerensky offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C4%83r%C4%83%C8%99ti" title="Battle of Mărăști">Battle of Mărăști</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Passchendaele" title="Battle of Passchendaele">Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C4%83r%C4%83%C8%99e%C8%99ti" title="Battle of Mărășești">Battle of Mărășești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Oituz" title="Third Battle of Oituz">Third Battle of Oituz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caporetto" title="Battle of Caporetto">Battle of Caporetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Palestine_offensive" title="Southern Palestine offensive">Southern Palestine offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Malmaison" title="Battle of La Malmaison">Battle of La Malmaison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)" title="Battle of Cambrai (1917)">Battle of Cambrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Foc%C8%99ani" title="Armistice of Focșani">Armistice of Focșani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_between_Russia_and_the_Central_Powers" title="Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers">Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_I_(1917%E2%80%931918)" title="Timeline of World War I (1917–1918)">1918</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Faustschlag" title="Operation Faustschlag">Operation Faustschlag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Treaty of Brest-Litovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_spring_offensive" title="German spring offensive">German spring offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeebrugge_Raid" title="Zeebrugge Raid">Zeebrugge Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1918)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1918)">Treaty of Bucharest of 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Goychay" title="Battle of Goychay">Battle of Goychay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Piave_River" title="Second Battle of the Piave River">Second Battle of the Piave River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="Second Battle of the Marne">Second Battle of the Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days_Offensive" title="Hundred Days Offensive">Hundred Days Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vardar_offensive" title="Vardar offensive">Vardar offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)" title="Battle of Megiddo (1918)">Battle of Megiddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Transjordan_attack" title="Third Transjordan attack">Third Transjordan attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meuse%E2%80%93Argonne_offensive" title="Meuse–Argonne offensive">Meuse–Argonne offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vittorio_Veneto" title="Battle of Vittorio Veneto">Battle of Vittorio Veneto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Salonica" title="Armistice of Salonica">Armistice of Salonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Mudros" title="Armistice of Mudros">Armistice of Mudros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Villa_Giusti" title="Armistice of Villa Giusti">Armistice of Villa Giusti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Romanian_campaign_of_World_War_I" title="Second Romanian campaign of World War I">Second Romanian campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_11_November_1918" title="Armistice of 11 November 1918">Armistice with Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bollettino_della_Vittoria_Navale" title="Bollettino della Vittoria Navale">Naval Victory Bulletin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Belgrade" title="Armistice of Belgrade">Armistice of Belgrade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Co-belligerent conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_campaign" title="Somaliland campaign">Somaliland campaign</a> (1900–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a> (1910–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritz_rebellion" title="Maritz rebellion">Maritz rebellion</a> (1914–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat_rebellion" title="Muscat rebellion">Muscat rebellion</a> (1913–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaian_War" title="Zaian War">Zaian War</a> (1914–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_rebellions_during_World_War_I" title="Kurdish rebellions during World War I">Kurdish rebellions</a> (1914–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovambo_Uprising" title="Ovambo Uprising">Ovambo Uprising</a> (1914–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelantan_rebellion" title="Kelantan rebellion">Kelantan rebellion</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senussi_campaign" title="Senussi campaign">Senussi campaign</a> (1915–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volta-Bani_War" title="Volta-Bani War">Volta-Bani War</a> (1915–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Protection_War" title="National Protection War">National Protection War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a> (1916–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_revolt_of_1916" title="Central Asian revolt of 1916">Central Asian Revolt</a> (1916–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Darfur_(1916)" title="Invasion of Darfur (1916)">Invasion of Darfur</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaocen_revolt" title="Kaocen revolt">Kaocen revolt</a> (1916–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Civil_War" title="Finnish Civil War">Finnish Civil War</a> (1918)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Post-War conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> (1917–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Ukrainian–Soviet War">Ukrainian–Soviet War</a> (1917–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_war_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)">Armenian–Azerbaijani War</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armeno-Georgian_War" title="Armeno-Georgian War">Armeno-Georgian War</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">German Revolution</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_and_interventions_in_Hungary_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920)">Revolutions and interventions in Hungary</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hungarian–Romanian War</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)">Greater Poland Uprising</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_War_of_Independence" title="Estonian War of Independence">Estonian War of Independence</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_War_of_Independence" title="Latvian War of Independence">Latvian War of Independence</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Wars_of_Independence" title="Lithuanian Wars of Independence">Lithuanian Wars of Independence</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ukrainian_War" title="Polish–Ukrainian War">Polish–Ukrainian War</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third Anglo-Afghan War</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Egyptian_revolution" title="1919 Egyptian revolution">Egyptian Revolution</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_War" title="Polish–Lithuanian War">Polish–Lithuanian War</a> (1919–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Polish–Soviet War">Polish–Soviet War</a> (1919–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a> (1919–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">Turkish War of Independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_during_the_Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="United Kingdom during the Turkish War of Independence">Anglo-Turkish War</a> (1918–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Turkish_War" title="Franco-Turkish War">Franco-Turkish War</a> (1918–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)">Greco-Turkish War</a> (1919–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish%E2%80%93Armenian_War" title="Turkish–Armenian War">Turkish–Armenian War</a> (1920)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Revolt" title="Iraqi Revolt">Iraqi Revolt</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlora_War" title="Vlora War">Vlora War</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Syrian_War" title="Franco-Syrian War">Franco-Syrian War</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Georgia" title="Red Army invasion of Georgia">Soviet–Georgian War</a> (1921)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Warfare</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_World_War_I" title="Aviation in World War I">Aviation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_I" title="Strategic bombing during World War I">Strategic bombing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_weapons_in_World_War_I" title="Chemical weapons in World War I">Chemical weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_cryptography" title="World War I cryptography">Cryptography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_World_War_I" title="Horses in World War I">Horses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistics_in_World_War_I" title="Logistics in World War I">Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_of_World_War_I" title="Naval warfare of World War I">Naval warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convoys_in_World_War_I" title="Convoys in World War I">Convoy system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">Trench warfare</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Conscription493" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Conscription</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_conscription_in_Australia" title="World War I conscription in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_Crisis_of_1917" title="Conscription Crisis of 1917">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seferberlik" title="Seferberlik">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recruitment_to_the_British_Army_during_World_War_I" title="Recruitment to the British Army during World War I">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_Crisis_of_1918" title="Conscription Crisis of 1918">Ireland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_Service_Act_of_1917" title="Selective Service Act of 1917">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_casualties" title="World War I casualties">Casualties</a> /<br />Civilian impact</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>British casualties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_parliamentarians_who_died_in_the_First_World_War" title="List of British parliamentarians who died in the First World War">Parliamentarians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_casualties_of_World_War_I" title="Ottoman casualties of World War I">Ottoman casualties</a></li> <li>Sports <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_rugby_union_players_killed_in_World_War_I" title="List of international rugby union players killed in World War I">Rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympians_killed_in_World_War_I" title="List of Olympians killed in World War I">Olympians</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Disease</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1899%E2%80%931923_cholera_pandemic" title="1899–1923 cholera pandemic">1899–1923 cholera pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_typhus_and_relapsing_fever_epidemic_in_Serbia" title="1915 typhus and relapsing fever epidemic in Serbia">1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_flu" title="Spanish flu">Spanish flu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_occupation_of_Serbia" title="Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia">Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia</a></li> <li>Bulgarian occupations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_occupation_of_Albania" title="Bulgarian occupation of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_occupation_of_Serbia_(World_War_I)" title="Bulgarian occupation of Serbia (World War I)">Serbia</a></li></ul></li> <li>German occupations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Belgium_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of Belgium during World War I">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Luxembourg_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of Luxembourg during World War I">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_north-east_France_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of north-east France during World War I">Northeast France</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ober_Ost" title="Ober Ost">Ober Ost</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupied_Enemy_Territory_Administration" title="Occupied Enemy Territory Administration">Occupied Enemy Territory Administration</a></li> <li>Russian occupations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Eastern_Galicia_(1914%E2%80%931915)" title="Russian occupation of Eastern Galicia (1914–1915)">Eastern Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Western_Armenia" title="Occupation of Western Armenia">Western Armenia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I" title="Prisoners of war in World War I">POWs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Germans <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_States" title="German prisoners of war in the United States">in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I" title="Italian prisoners of war in World War I">Italians</a></li> <li>POW locations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_I_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_Canada" title="List of World War I prisoner-of-war camps in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_prisoners_of_war_in_Germany" title="World War I prisoners of war in Germany">Germany</a> / <a href="/wiki/German_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_World_War_I" title="German prisoner-of-war camps in World War I">camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war_camps_in_Switzerland_during_World_War_I" title="Prisoner of war camps in Switzerland during World War I">Switzerland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_World_War_I" title="Refugees of World War I">Refugees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Belgian refugees <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_refugees_in_the_Netherlands_during_the_First_World_War" title="Belgian refugees in the Netherlands during the First World War">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_refugees_in_Britain_during_the_First_World_War" title="Belgian refugees in Britain during the First World War">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_World_War_I" title="War crimes in World War I">War crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Allied blockades <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Blockade of the Eastern Mediterranean">Eastern Mediterranean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_of_Mount_Lebanon" title="Great Famine of Mount Lebanon">Mount Lebanon famine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Germany_(1914%E2%80%931919)" title="Blockade of Germany (1914–1919)">Germany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportations_from_East_Prussia_during_World_War_I" title="Deportations from East Prussia during World War I">Deportations from East Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_Kalisz" title="Destruction of Kalisz">Destruction of Kalisz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Dinant" title="Sack of Dinant">Sack of Dinant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_Ottoman_genocides" title="Late Ottoman genocides">Late Ottoman genocides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayfo" title="Sayfo">Assyrian genocide (Sayfo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_genocide" title="Greek genocide">Pontic Greek genocide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_of_Belgium" title="Rape of Belgium">Rape of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_revolt_of_1916" title="Central Asian revolt of 1916">Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Albanians_in_World_War_I" title="Massacres of Albanians in World War I">Massacres of Albanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment_of_Ukrainian_Canadians" title="Internment of Ukrainian Canadians">Internment of Ukrainian Canadians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history_of_World_War_I" title="Diplomatic history of World War I">Diplomacy</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Entry into the war</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_entry_into_World_War_I" title="French entry into World War I">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_entry_into_World_War_I" title="German entry into World War I">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Italian entry into World War I">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Japanese entry into World War I">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Ottoman entry into World War I">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Russian entry into World War I">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_entry_into_World_War_I" title="British entry into World War I">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_entry_into_World_War_I" title="American entry into World War I">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Declarations_of_war_during_World_War_I" title="Declarations of war during World War I">Declarations of war</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/To_my_peoples" title="To my peoples">Austria-Hungary against Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_declaration_of_war_upon_Germany_(1914)" title="United Kingdom declaration of war upon Germany (1914)">UK against Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire_in_World_War_I#Declaration_of_jihad" title="Ottoman Empire in World War I">Ottomans against the Triple Entente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_on_Germany_(1917)" title="United States declaration of war on Germany (1917)">USA against Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_on_Austria-Hungary" title="United States declaration of war on Austria-Hungary">USA against Austria-Hungary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Agreements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantinople_Agreement" title="Constantinople Agreement">Constantinople Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1915)" title="Treaty of London (1915)">Treaty of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_Protocol" title="Damascus Protocol">Damascus Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93Germany_treaty_(1915)" title="Bulgaria–Germany treaty (1915)">Bulgaria–Germany treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Darin" title="Treaty of Darin">Treaty of Darin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sykes%E2%80%93Picot_Agreement" title="Sykes–Picot Agreement">Sykes–Picot Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sazonov%E2%80%93Pal%C3%A9ologue_Agreement" title="Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement">Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Economy_Pact" title="Paris Economy Pact">Paris Economy Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1916)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1916)">Treaty of Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_of_Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne" title="Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne">Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Peace treaties</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modus_vivendi_of_Acroma" title="Modus vivendi of Acroma">Modus vivendi of Acroma</a></li> <li>Treaties of Brest-Litovsk <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Russia–Central Powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk_(Ukraine%E2%80%93Central_Powers)" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Ukraine–Central Powers)">Ukraine–Central Powers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1918)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1918)">Treaty of Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)">Paris Peace Conference</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Saint-Germain-en-Laye_(1919)" title="Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)">Treaty of St. Germain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine">Treaty of Neuilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">Treaty of Trianon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_S%C3%A8vres" title="Treaty of Sèvres">Treaty of Sèvres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Treaty of Lausanne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_a_Suspect_in_Sarajevo" title="Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo">Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutilated_victory" title="Mutilated victory">Mutilated victory</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Virgin" title="The Golden Virgin">The Golden Virgin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/They_shall_not_pass" title="They shall not pass">They shall not pass</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_I" title="Category:World War I">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Armed_conflicts_involving_Hungary96" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hungarian_conflicts" title="Template:Hungarian conflicts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hungarian_conflicts" title="Template talk:Hungarian conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hungarian_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hungarian conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Armed_conflicts_involving_Hungary96" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Hungary" title="List of wars involving Hungary">Armed conflicts</a> involving <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_and_interventions_in_Hungary_(1918%E2%80%9320)" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–20)">1918 Revolution</a> (1918–1920)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">vs <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1k%C3%B3czi%27s_War_of_Independence" title="Rákóczi's War of Independence">Rákóczi's War of Independence</a> (1703–1711)</li> <li>Peasants' Revolt (1735–36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_West_Hungary" title="Uprising in West Hungary">Uprising in West Hungary</a> (1921)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">vs <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">1956 Revolution</a> (1956)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">vs <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>/<a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Turkish_War_(1716%E2%80%931718)" title="Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718)">Austro-Turkish War</a> (1716–1718)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1735%E2%80%931739)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1735–1739)">Russo-Turkish War</a> (1735–1739)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">vs the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a><br />(or <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Uprising_of_1848%E2%80%9349" title="Slovak Uprising of 1848–49">Slovak Uprising</a> (1848–49)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian%E2%80%93Czechoslovak_War" title="Hungarian–Czechoslovak War">Hungarian–Czechoslovak War</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak-Hungarian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovak-Hungarian War">Slovak-Hungarian War</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia</a> (1968)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">vs <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> (2003–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">vs <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hungarian–Romanian War</a> (1918–1920)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dissolution_of_Austria-Hungary110" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dissolution_of_Austria%E2%80%93Hungary" title="Template:Dissolution of Austria–Hungary"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dissolution_of_Austria%E2%80%93Hungary" title="Template talk:Dissolution of Austria–Hungary"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dissolution_of_Austria%E2%80%93Hungary" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dissolution of Austria–Hungary"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dissolution_of_Austria-Hungary110" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Austria-Hungary" title="Dissolution of Austria-Hungary">Dissolution of Austria-Hungary</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Saint-Germain-en-Laye_(1919)" title="Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)">Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:85%;">(for Austria)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">Treaty of Trianon</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:85%;">(for Hungary)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)">Paris Peace Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Carinthian_plebiscite" title="1920 Carinthian plebiscite">1920 Carinthian plebiscite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopron_plebiscite" class="mw-redirect" title="Sopron plebiscite">1921 Sopron plebiscite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diplomacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Villa_Giusti" title="Armistice of Villa Giusti">Armistice of Villa Giusti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Belgrade" title="Armistice of Belgrade">Armistice of Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hod%C5%BEa-Bartha_Agreement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hodža-Bartha Agreement (page does not exist)">Hodža-Bartha Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pichon_Line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pichon Line (page does not exist)">Pichon Line</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berthelot-Ap%C3%A1thy_Agreement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berthelot-Apáthy Agreement (page does not exist)">Berthelot-Apáthy Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vix_Note" title="Vix Note">Vix Note</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smuts_Mission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smuts Mission (page does not exist)">Smuts Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clemenceau_Note&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clemenceau Note (page does not exist)">Clemenceau Note</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerk_Mission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clerk Mission (page does not exist)">Clerk Mission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Successor states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Slovenes,_Croats_and_Serbs" title="State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs">State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_State_of_Fiume" title="Free State of Fiume">Free State of Fiume</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Regency_of_Carnaro" title="Italian Regency of Carnaro">Italian Regency of Carnaro</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;;">Austria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_German-Austria" title="Republic of German-Austria">Republic of German-Austria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_German_Bohemia" title="Province of German Bohemia">German Bohemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_the_Sudetenland" title="Province of the Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Forest_Region" title="Bohemian Forest Region">Bohemian Forest Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_South_Moravia" title="German South Moravia">German South Moravia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Austrian_Republic" title="First Austrian Republic">First Austrian Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;;">Hungary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Hungarian_Republic" title="First Hungarian Republic">First Hungarian Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Hungarian Soviet Republic">Hungarian Soviet Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Republic_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="Hungarian Republic (1919–1920)">Hungarian Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Kingdom of Hungary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;;">Short-lived</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Zakopane" title="Republic of Zakopane">Republic of Zakopane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banat,_Ba%C4%8Dka_and_Baranja" title="Banat, Bačka and Baranja">Banat, Bačka and Baranja</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banat_Republic" title="Banat Republic">Banat Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian-Hungarian_Baranya-Baja_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian-Hungarian Baranya-Baja Republic">Serbian-Hungarian Baranya-Baja Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="West Ukrainian People's Republic">West Ukrainian People's Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komancza_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Komancza Republic">Komancza Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Tarnobrzeg" title="Republic of Tarnobrzeg">Republic of Tarnobrzeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemko_Republic" title="Lemko Republic">Lemko Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Heinzenland" title="Republic of Heinzenland">Republic of Heinzenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_People%27s_Republic" title="Slovak People's Republic">Slovak People's Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutsul_Republic" title="Hutsul Republic">Hutsul Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Prekmurje" title="Republic of Prekmurje">Republic of Prekmurje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Soviet_Republic" title="Slovak Soviet Republic">Slovak Soviet Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Galician Soviet Socialist Republic">Galician Soviet Socialist Republic</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:85%;">(Russian Civil War spill over)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lajtab%C3%A1ns%C3%A1g" title="Lajtabánság">Lajtabánság</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cessions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia_and_Lodomeria" title="Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria">Galicia</a> to Poland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukovina" title="Bukovina">Bukovina</a> and Transylvania to Romania</li> <li>South Tyrol and <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Littoral" title="Austrian Littoral">Austrian Littoral</a> to Italy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_concession_of_Tianjin" title="Austro-Hungarian concession of Tianjin">Austro-Hungarian concession of Tianjin</a> to China</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post World War I<br />armed conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aster_Revolution" title="Aster Revolution">Aster Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ukrainian_War" title="Polish–Ukrainian War">Polish–Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Slovene_conflict_in_Carinthia" title="Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia">Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Czechoslovak_War" title="Polish–Czechoslovak War">Polish–Czechoslovak War</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hungarian–Romanian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian%E2%80%93Czechoslovak_War" title="Hungarian–Czechoslovak War">Hungarian–Czechoslovak War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_occupation_of_Pokuttia" title="Romanian occupation of Pokuttia">Romanian occupation of Pokuttia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Uprisings" title="Silesian Uprisings">Silesian Uprisings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_West_Hungary" title="Uprising in West Hungary">Uprising in West Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buda%C3%B6rs" title="Battle of Budaörs">Battle of Budaörs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Romania&#124;link=Romania_Great_Union_(Marea_UnireCategory:Articles_containing_Romanian-language_text)301" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Great_Union" title="Template:Great Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Great_Union" title="Template talk:Great Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Great_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Great Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Romania&#124;link=Romania_Great_Union_(Marea_UnireCategory:Articles_containing_Romanian-language_text)301" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Great_Union" title="Great Union">Great Union</a> (<span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro">Marea Unire</i></span>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_nationalism" title="Romanian nationalism">Romanian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_irredentism" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian irredentism">Romanian irredentism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania" title="Greater Romania">Greater Romania</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia" title="Unification of Moldavia and Wallachia">Unification of Moldavia and Wallachia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_War_of_Independence" title="Romanian War of Independence">Independence and annexation of Northern Dobruja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protocol_of_St._Petersburg_(1913)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protocol of St. Petersburg (1913) (page does not exist)">Romanian annexation of Silistra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Balkan_War" title="Second Balkan War">Conquest of Southern Dobruja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1916)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1916)">Treaty of Bucharest of 1916</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_map_of_Greater_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_map_of_Greater_Romania.svg/100px-Flag_map_of_Greater_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_map_of_Greater_Romania.svg/150px-Flag_map_of_Greater_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_map_of_Greater_Romania.svg/200px-Flag_map_of_Greater_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2874" data-file-height="2129" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Romania" title="Ferdinand I of Romania">Ferdinand I of Romania</a> (<a href="/wiki/King_of_Romania" title="King of Romania">King</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_of_Romania" title="Marie of Romania">Marie of Romania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of Romania">Queen</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_I._C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion I. C. Brătianu">Ion I. C. Brătianu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Averescu" title="Alexandru Averescu">Alexandru Averescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iancu_Flondor" title="Iancu Flondor">Iancu Flondor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Halippa" title="Pan Halippa">Pan Halippa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iuliu_Maniu" title="Iuliu Maniu">Iuliu Maniu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accomplishment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_I" title="Romania in World War I">Romania in<br />World War I</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypothesis_Z" title="Hypothesis Z">First Romanian war plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_campaign_(1916)" title="Romanian campaign (1916)">1916 Romanian Campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Transylvania" title="Battle of Transylvania">Battle of Transylvania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Romanian_Debacle" title="The Romanian Debacle">The Romanian Debacle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bucharest" title="Battle of Bucharest">Battle of Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Powers_occupation_of_Romania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Powers occupation of Romania (page does not exist)">Central Powers occupation of Romania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Campaign_(1917)" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Campaign (1917)">1917 Romanian Campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C4%83r%C4%83%C8%99ti" title="Battle of Mărăști">Battle of Mărăști</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C4%83r%C4%83%C8%99e%C8%99ti" title="Battle of Mărășești">Battle of Mărășești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Oituz" title="Third Battle of Oituz">Third Battle of Oituz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_military_intervention_in_Bessarabia" title="Romanian military intervention in Bessarabia">Romanian military intervention in Bessarabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Romanian_campaign_of_World_War_I" title="Second Romanian campaign of World War I">Second Romanian campaign</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hungarian–Romanian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanian_occupation_of_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romanian occupation of Hungary (page does not exist)">Romanian occupation of Hungary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_occupation_of_Pokuttia" title="Romanian occupation of Pokuttia">Romanian occupation of Pokuttia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions and<br />documents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sfatul_%C8%9A%C4%83rii" title="Sfatul Țării">Sfatul Țării</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Congress_of_Bukovina" title="General Congress of Bukovina">General Congress of Bukovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_National_Council" title="Romanian National Council">Romanian National Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_National_Assembly_of_Alba_Iulia" title="Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia">Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Declaration_of_Alba_Iulia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Declaration of Alba Iulia (page does not exist)">Declaration of Alba Iulia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruling_Council_of_Transylvania,_Banat_and_the_Romanian_Lands_in_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruling Council of Transylvania, Banat and the Romanian Lands in Hungary (page does not exist)">Ruling Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Saint-Germain-en-Laye_(1919)" title="Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)">Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">Treaty of Trianon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1920)" title="Treaty of Paris (1920)">Treaty of Paris</a> (unenforced)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unifications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Bessarabia_with_Romania" title="Union of Bessarabia with Romania">Union with Bessarabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Bukovina_with_Romania" title="Union of Bukovina with Romania">Union with Bukovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Transylvania_with_Romania" title="Union of Transylvania with Romania">Union with Transylvania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disestablishment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina" title="Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina">Soviet occupation of Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and the Hertsa region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Vienna_Award" title="Second Vienna Award">Second Vienna Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Craiova" title="Treaty of Craiova">Treaty of Craiova</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Population_exchange_between_Bulgaria_and_Romania" title="Population exchange between Bulgaria and Romania">Population exchange between Bulgaria and Romania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_M%C3%BCnchen" title="Operation München">Recovery attempt of Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and Hertsa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_Governorate" title="Transnistria Governorate">Transnistria Governorate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Treaties,_1947" title="Paris Peace Treaties, 1947">Paris Peace Treaties, 1947</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Protocol_(1948)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moscow Protocol (1948) (page does not exist)">Moscow Protocol of 1948</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aftermath</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic">Moldavian SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Republic of Moldova</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Moldova" title="Independence of Moldova">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_conflict" title="Transnistria conflict">Transnistria conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_Republic" title="Gagauz Republic">Gagauz Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gagauzia_conflict" title="Gagauzia conflict">Gagauzia conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Moldova_and_Romania" title="Unification of Moldova and Romania">Unification with Romania</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commemoration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Decembrie_1918_University,_Alba_Iulia" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Decembrie 1918 University, Alba Iulia">1 Decembrie 1918 University, Alba Iulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_Union" title="National Museum of the Union">National Museum of the Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Holidays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dobruja_Day" title="Dobruja Day">Dobruja Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Union_of_Bessarabia_with_Romania" title="Day of the Union of Bessarabia with Romania">Day of the Union of Bessarabia with Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukovina_Day" title="Bukovina Day">Bukovina Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Union_Day" title="Great Union Day">Great Union Day</a> (Romanian national day)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trianon_Treaty_Day" title="Trianon Treaty Day">Trianon Treaty Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centenary_of_the_Great_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centenary of the Great Union (page does not exist)">Centenary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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