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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1_Kings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1 Kings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1_Kings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Davidic_succession_(1:1–2:46)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Davidic_succession_(1:1–2:46)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>The Davidic succession (1:1–2:46)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Davidic_succession_(1:1–2:46)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solomon_in_all_his_glory_(3:1–11:43)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solomon_in_all_his_glory_(3:1–11:43)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Solomon in all his glory (3:1–11:43)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solomon_in_all_his_glory_(3:1–11:43)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Solomon_the_sage_(3:1–4:34)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solomon_the_sage_(3:1–4:34)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2.1</span> <span>Solomon the sage (3:1–4:34)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solomon_the_sage_(3:1–4:34)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solomon_the_builder_(5:1–9:25)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solomon_the_builder_(5:1–9:25)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2.2</span> <span>Solomon the builder (5:1–9:25)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solomon_the_builder_(5:1–9:25)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solomon_the_trader_(9:26–10:29)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solomon_the_trader_(9:26–10:29)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2.3</span> <span>Solomon the trader (9:26–10:29)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solomon_the_trader_(9:26–10:29)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-His_decline_(11:1–43)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#His_decline_(11:1–43)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2.4</span> <span>His decline (11:1–43)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-His_decline_(11:1–43)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_political_and_religious_schism_(12:1–13:34)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_political_and_religious_schism_(12:1–13:34)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>The political and religious schism (12:1–13:34)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_political_and_religious_schism_(12:1–13:34)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_two_kingdoms_until_Elijah_(14:1–16:34)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_two_kingdoms_until_Elijah_(14:1–16:34)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>The two kingdoms until Elijah (14:1–16:34)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_two_kingdoms_until_Elijah_(14:1–16:34)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Elijah_cycle_(17:1–22:54)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Elijah_cycle_(17:1–22:54)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.5</span> <span>The Elijah cycle (17:1–22:54)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Elijah_cycle_(17:1–22:54)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_great_drought_(17:1–18:46)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_great_drought_(17:1–18:46)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.5.1</span> <span>The great drought (17:1–18:46)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_great_drought_(17:1–18:46)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elijah_at_Horeb_(19:1–21)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elijah_at_Horeb_(19:1–21)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.5.2</span> <span>Elijah at Horeb (19:1–21)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elijah_at_Horeb_(19:1–21)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Aramean_wars_(20:1–43)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Aramean_wars_(20:1–43)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.5.3</span> <span>The Aramean wars (20:1–43)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Aramean_wars_(20:1–43)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naboth's_vineyard_(21:1–28)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naboth's_vineyard_(21:1–28)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.5.4</span> <span>Naboth's vineyard (21:1–28)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naboth's_vineyard_(21:1–28)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Another_war_with_Aram_(22:1–38)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Another_war_with_Aram_(22:1–38)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.5.5</span> <span>Another war with Aram (22:1–38)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Another_war_with_Aram_(22:1–38)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_the_death_of_Ahab_(22:39–53)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_the_death_of_Ahab_(22:39–53)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.5.6</span> <span>After the death of Ahab (22:39–53)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_the_death_of_Ahab_(22:39–53)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2_Kings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2_Kings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>2 Kings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2_Kings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Elijah_cycle_(continued)_(1:1–18)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Elijah_cycle_(continued)_(1:1–18)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>The Elijah cycle (continued) (1:1–18)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Elijah_cycle_(continued)_(1:1–18)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-After_the_death_of_Ahab_(continued)_(1:1–18)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_the_death_of_Ahab_(continued)_(1:1–18)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.1</span> <span>After the death of Ahab (continued) (1:1–18)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_the_death_of_Ahab_(continued)_(1:1–18)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Elisha_cycle_(2:1–13:25)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Elisha_cycle_(2:1–13:25)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>The Elisha cycle (2:1–13:25)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Elisha_cycle_(2:1–13:25)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Its_opening_(2:1–25)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Its_opening_(2:1–25)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2.1</span> <span>Its opening (2:1–25)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Its_opening_(2:1–25)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Moabite_war_(3:1–27)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Moabite_war_(3:1–27)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2.2</span> <span>The Moabite war (3:1–27)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Moabite_war_(3:1–27)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Some_miracles_of_Elisha_(4:1–6:7)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Some_miracles_of_Elisha_(4:1–6:7)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2.3</span> <span>Some miracles of Elisha (4:1–6:7)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Some_miracles_of_Elisha_(4:1–6:7)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Aramean_wars_(6:8–8:29)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Aramean_wars_(6:8–8:29)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2.4</span> <span>The Aramean wars (6:8–8:29)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Aramean_wars_(6:8–8:29)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_history_of_Jehu_(9:1–10:36)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_history_of_Jehu_(9:1–10:36)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2.5</span> <span>The history of Jehu (9:1–10:36)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_history_of_Jehu_(9:1–10:36)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-From_the_reign_of_Athaliah_to_the_death_of_Elisha_(11:1–13:25)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_the_reign_of_Athaliah_to_the_death_of_Elisha_(11:1–13:25)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2.6</span> <span>From the reign of Athaliah to the death of Elisha (11:1–13:25)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_the_reign_of_Athaliah_to_the_death_of_Elisha_(11:1–13:25)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_two_kingdoms_to_the_fall_of_Samaria_(14:1–17:41)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_two_kingdoms_to_the_fall_of_Samaria_(14:1–17:41)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>The two kingdoms to the fall of Samaria (14:1–17:41)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_two_kingdoms_to_the_fall_of_Samaria_(14:1–17:41)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_last_years_of_the_Kingdom_of_Judah_(18:1–25:30)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_last_years_of_the_Kingdom_of_Judah_(18:1–25:30)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4</span> <span>The last years of the Kingdom of Judah (18:1–25:30)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_last_years_of_the_Kingdom_of_Judah_(18:1–25:30)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hezekiah,_the_prophet_Isaiah;_Assyria_(18:1–20:21)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hezekiah,_the_prophet_Isaiah;_Assyria_(18:1–20:21)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4.1</span> <span>Hezekiah, the prophet Isaiah; Assyria (18:1–20:21)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hezekiah,_the_prophet_Isaiah;_Assyria_(18:1–20:21)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Two_wicked_kings_(21:1–26)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Two_wicked_kings_(21:1–26)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4.2</span> <span>Two wicked kings (21:1–26)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Two_wicked_kings_(21:1–26)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Josiah_and_the_religious_reform_(22:1–23:30)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Josiah_and_the_religious_reform_(22:1–23:30)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4.3</span> <span>Josiah and the religious reform (22:1–23:30)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Josiah_and_the_religious_reform_(22:1–23:30)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_destruction_of_Jerusalem_(23:31–25:30)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_destruction_of_Jerusalem_(23:31–25:30)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4.4</span> <span>The destruction of Jerusalem (23:31–25:30)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_destruction_of_Jerusalem_(23:31–25:30)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Composition</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Composition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Composition subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Textual_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Textual_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Textual history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Textual_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deuteronomistic_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deuteronomistic_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Deuteronomistic history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deuteronomistic_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manuscript_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manuscript_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Manuscript sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manuscript_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Themes_and_genre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Themes_and_genre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Themes and genre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Themes_and_genre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Textual_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Textual_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Textual features</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Textual_features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Textual features subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Textual_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chronology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chronology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Chronology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chronology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kings_and_2_Chronicles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kings_and_2_Chronicles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Kings and 2 Chronicles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kings_and_2_Chronicles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bibliography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Commentaries_on_Kings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commentaries_on_Kings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Commentaries on Kings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commentaries_on_Kings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>General</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Original_text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Original_text"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Original text</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Original_text-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jewish_translations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jewish_translations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Jewish translations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jewish_translations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christian_translations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christian_translations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Christian translations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christian_translations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Other links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Books of Kings</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 60 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-2_Konings" title="1-2 Konings – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1-2 Konings" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="سفر الملوك الثاني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سفر الملوك الثاني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A3%DC%A6%DC%AA%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%A1%DC%A0%DC%9F%DC%90_%DC%A9%DC%95%DC%A1%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܣܦܪܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܣܦܪܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lia%CC%8Dt-%C3%B4ng-k%C3%AC" title="Lia̍t-ông-kì – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lia̍t-ông-kì" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E" title="Кніга Цароў – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кніга Цароў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E" title="Кнігі цароў – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кнігі цароў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levrio%C3%B9_ar_Rouaned" title="Levrioù ar Rouaned – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Levrioù ar Rouaned" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llibres_dels_Reis" title="Llibres dels Reis – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llibres dels Reis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_Hari" title="Mga Hari – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mga Hari" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llyfr_y_Brenhinoedd" title="Llyfr y Brenhinoedd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llyfr y Brenhinoedd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCcher_der_K%C3%B6nige" title="Bücher der Könige – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bücher der Könige" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuningate_raamatud" title="Kuningate raamatud – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kuningate raamatud" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro_de_los_Reyes_(Antiguo_Testamento)" title="Libro de los Reyes (Antiguo Testamento) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Libro de los Reyes (Antiguo Testamento)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کتاب‌های پادشاهان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کتاب‌های پادشاهان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livres_des_Rois_(Bible)" title="Livres des Rois (Bible) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Livres des Rois (Bible)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_en_2_Keningen" title="1 en 2 Keningen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1 en 2 Keningen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leabhair_na_R%C3%ADthe" title="Leabhair na Ríthe – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Leabhair na Ríthe" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82" title="राजांचीं पुस्तकां – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="राजांचीं पुस्तकां" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EC%99%95%EA%B8%B0" title="열왕기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="열왕기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitab_Raja-raja" title="Kitab Raja-raja – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kitab Raja-raja" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%26_2_AmaKhosi" title="1 & 2 AmaKhosi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="1 & 2 AmaKhosi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konungab%C3%B3k" title="Konungabók – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Konungabók" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libri_dei_Re" title="Libri dei Re – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Libri dei Re" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9D" title="ספר מלכים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ספר מלכים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%90" title="წიგნი პირველი მეფეთა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="წიგნი პირველი მეფეთა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibitabo_by%E2%80%99Abami" title="Ibitabo by’Abami – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ibitabo by’Abami" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitabu_vya_Wafalme" title="Vitabu vya Wafalme – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Vitabu vya Wafalme" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libri_Regum" title="Libri Regum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Libri Regum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%93ni%C5%86u_gr%C4%81matas" title="Ķēniņu grāmatas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ķēniņu grāmatas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karali%C5%B3_knygos" title="Karalių knygos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karalių knygos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Res_(biblia)" title="Res (biblia) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Res (biblia)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_kir%C3%A1lyok_els%C5%91_%C3%A9s_m%C3%A1sodik_k%C3%B6nyve" title="A királyok első és második könyve – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A királyok első és második könyve" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bokin%27_ny_Mpanjaka" title="Bokin' ny Mpanjaka – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bokin' ny Mpanjaka" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="രാജാക്കന്മാരുടെ പുസ്തകങ്ങൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രാജാക്കന്മാരുടെ പുസ്തകങ്ങൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="سفر الملوك التانى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سفر الملوك التانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitab_Raja-raja" title="Kitab Raja-raja – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kitab Raja-raja" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%93%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%99%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%87%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%85%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ဓမ္မရာဇဝင်တတိယစောင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဓမ္မရာဇဝင်တတိယစောင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_en_2_Koningen" title="1 en 2 Koningen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1 en 2 Koningen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%97%E7%8E%8B%E8%A8%98" title="列王記 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="列王記" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongeb%C3%B8kene" title="Kongebøkene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kongebøkene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongeb%C3%B8kene" title="Kongebøkene – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kongebøkene" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کتاب سلاطین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کتاب سلاطین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livros_dos_Reis" title="Livros dos Reis – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Livros dos Reis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%83r%C8%9Bile_Regilor" title="Cărțile Regilor – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cărțile Regilor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Книга Царей – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Книга Царей" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Books of Kings" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knihy_kr%C3%A1%C4%BEov" title="Knihy kráľov – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Knihy kráľov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%9A%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%BE_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Књига о царевима – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Књига о царевима" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kungab%C3%B6ckerna" title="Kungaböckerna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kungaböckerna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_Aklat_ng_mga_Hari" title="Mga Aklat ng mga Hari – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mga Aklat ng mga Hari" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="หนังสือพงศ์กษัตริย์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หนังสือพงศ์กษัตริย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Books of the Bible</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Books of Kings (disambiguation)">Books of Kings (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>"2 Kings" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/2_Kings_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="2 Kings (disambiguation)">2 Kings (disambiguation)</a>.</span> <span>"3 Kings" redirects here. For the group of distinguished foreigners who visited Jesus after his birth, see <a href="/wiki/Biblical_magi" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical magi">Biblical magi</a>. For the jazz trio, see <a href="/wiki/3_Kings_(jazz_trio)" title="3 Kings (jazz trio)">3 Kings (jazz trio)</a>.</span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Books_of_Kings" title="Special:EditPage/Books of Kings">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Books+of+Kings%22">"Books of Kings"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Books+of+Kings%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Books+of+Kings%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Books+of+Kings%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Books+of+Kings%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Books+of+Kings%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="line-height:1.4em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-bottom:0.8em;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aleppo_Codex_Joshua_1_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Joshua 1:1 as recorded in the Aleppo Codex"><img alt="Joshua 1:1 as recorded in the Aleppo Codex" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Aleppo_Codex_Joshua_1_1.jpg/220px-Aleppo_Codex_Joshua_1_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Aleppo_Codex_Joshua_1_1.jpg/330px-Aleppo_Codex_Joshua_1_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Aleppo_Codex_Joshua_1_1.jpg/440px-Aleppo_Codex_Joshua_1_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="743" data-file-height="366" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; font-size:115%;padding-top:0.3em;padding-bottom:0.3em;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Tanakh</a></i> <span class="nobold">(Judaism)</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.4em;"> <table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;line-height:1.4em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;padding-top:0.25em;padding-bottom:0.25em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah"><span style="font-size:120%"><i>Torah</i></span> <span class="nobold">(Instruction)</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;width:11.5em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;line-height:1.2em;white-space:nowrap;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Bereshit</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Exodus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Shemot</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Leviticus" title="Book of Leviticus">Leviticus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Wayiqra</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Numbers" title="Book of Numbers">Numbers</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Bemidbar</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Devarim</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;padding-top:0.25em;padding-bottom:0.25em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im"><span style="font-size:120%"><i>Nevi'im</i></span> <span class="nobold">(Prophets)</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;"> <a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im#Former_Prophets" title="Nevi'im">Former</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;width:10.0em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;line-height:1.2em;white-space:nowrap;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua" title="Book of Joshua">Joshua</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Yehoshua</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judges" title="Book of Judges">Judges</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Shofetim</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Samuel" title="Books of Samuel">Samuel</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Shemuel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kings</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Melakhim</td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;"> <a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im#Latter_Prophets" title="Nevi'im">Latter</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;width:10.0em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;line-height:1.2em;white-space:nowrap;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Isaiah</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Yeshayahu</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jeremiah" title="Book of Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Yirmeyahu</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Yekhezqel</td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;"> <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Minor_Prophets" title="Twelve Minor Prophets">Minor </a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Hosea" title="Book of Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joel" title="Book of Joel">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Amos" title="Book of Amos">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Obadiah" title="Book of Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jonah" title="Book of Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Micah" title="Book of Micah">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nahum" title="Book of Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Habakkuk" title="Book of Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zephaniah" title="Book of Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Haggai" title="Book of Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zechariah" title="Book of Zechariah">Zechariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Malachi" title="Book of Malachi">Malachi</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;padding-top:0.25em;padding-bottom:0.25em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ketuvim" title="Ketuvim"><span style="font-size:120%"><i>Ketuvim</i></span> <span class="nobold">(Writings)</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;"> Poetic</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;width:15.5em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;line-height:1.2em;white-space:nowrap;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Tehillim</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Proverbs" title="Book of Proverbs">Proverbs</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Mishlei</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job" title="Book of Job">Job</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Iyov</td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;"> <a href="/wiki/Five_Megillot" title="Five Megillot">Five <i>Megillot</i> <span class="nobold">(Scrolls)</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;width:15.5em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;line-height:1.2em;white-space:nowrap;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Songs" title="Song of Songs">Song of Songs</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Shir Hashirim</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ruth" title="Book of Ruth">Ruth</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Rut</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Lamentations" title="Book of Lamentations">Lamentations</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Eikhah</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastes" title="Ecclesiastes">Ecclesiastes</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Qohelet</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Esther</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Ester</td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;"> Historical</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;width:15.5em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;line-height:1.2em;white-space:nowrap;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Daniel</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Daniyyel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ezra%E2%80%93Nehemiah" title="Ezra–Nehemiah">Ezra–Nehemiah</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Ezra</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Chronicles" title="Books of Chronicles">Chronicles</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Divre Hayyamim</td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; font-size:115%;padding-top:0.3em;padding-bottom:0.3em;"> <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> <span class="nobold">(Christianity)</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.4em;"> <table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;line-height:1.4em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;padding-top:0.25em;padding-bottom:0.25em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Pentateuch#Contents" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentateuch">Pentateuch</a></span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Leviticus" title="Book of Leviticus">Leviticus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Numbers" title="Book of Numbers">Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;padding-top:0.25em;padding-bottom:0.25em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Historical_books" title="Historical books">Historical</a></span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua" title="Book of Joshua">Joshua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judges" title="Book of Judges">Judges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ruth" title="Book of Ruth">Ruth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Samuel" title="Books of Samuel">1–2 Samuel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1–2 Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Chronicles" title="Books of Chronicles">1–2 Chronicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezra" title="Book of Ezra">Ezra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nehemiah" title="Book of Nehemiah">Nehemiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Esther</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;padding-top:0.25em;padding-bottom:0.25em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Poetic_Books" title="Poetic Books">Wisdom</a></span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job" title="Book of Job">Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Proverbs" title="Book of Proverbs">Proverbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastes" title="Ecclesiastes">Ecclesiastes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Songs" title="Song of Songs">Song of Songs</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;padding-top:0.25em;padding-bottom:0.25em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_books" title="Prophetic books">Prophetic</a></span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;"> <a href="/wiki/Major_prophet" title="Major prophet">Major prophets</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jeremiah" title="Book of Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Lamentations" title="Book of Lamentations">Lamentations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Daniel</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;"> <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Minor_Prophets" title="Twelve Minor Prophets">Minor prophets</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Hosea" title="Book of Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joel" title="Book of Joel">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Amos" title="Book of Amos">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Obadiah" title="Book of Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jonah" title="Book of Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Micah" title="Book of Micah">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nahum" title="Book of Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Habakkuk" title="Book of Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zephaniah" title="Book of Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Haggai" title="Book of Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zechariah" title="Book of Zechariah">Zechariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Malachi" title="Book of Malachi">Malachi</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;padding-top:0.25em;padding-bottom:0.25em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_books" title="Deuterocanonical books">Deuterocanonical</a></span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Tobit" title="Book of Tobit">Tobit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judith" title="Book of Judith">Judith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther#Additions_to_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Additions to Esther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Maccabees" title="1 Maccabees">1 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Maccabees" title="2 Maccabees">2 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Wisdom" title="Book of Wisdom">Wisdom of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Sirach" title="Book of Sirach">Sirach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Baruch" title="Book of Baruch">Baruch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Letter_of_Jeremiah" title="Letter of Jeremiah">Letter of Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Additions_to_Daniel" title="Additions to Daniel">Additions to Daniel</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;"> Orthodox only</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Esdras" title="1 Esdras">1 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Esdras" title="2 Esdras">2 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Manasseh" title="Prayer of Manasseh">Prayer of Manasseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_151" title="Psalm 151">Psalm 151</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Maccabees" title="3 Maccabees">3 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Maccabees" title="4 Maccabees">4 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Odes_(Bible)" title="Book of Odes (Bible)">Odes</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;"> <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo" title="Orthodox Tewahedo">Orthodox Tewahedo</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Enoch" title="Book of Enoch">Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jubilees" title="Book of Jubilees">Jubilees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meqabyan" title="Meqabyan">1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_of_the_Words_of_Baruch" title="Rest of the Words of Baruch">Paralipomena of Baruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo_biblical_canon" title="Orthodox Tewahedo biblical canon">Broader canon</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;font-size:105%;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Bible" title="Portal:Bible">Bible portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tanakh_OT" title="Template:Tanakh OT"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tanakh_OT" title="Template talk:Tanakh OT"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tanakh_OT" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tanakh OT"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Book of Kings</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">סֵפֶר מְלָכִים</span>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sefer_(Hebrew)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sefer (Hebrew)">Sēfer</a> <a href="/wiki/Malik" title="Malik">Məlāḵīm</a></i>) is a book in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, found as two books (<b>1–2 Kings</b>) in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Bible">Christian Bible</a>. It concludes the <a href="/wiki/Deuteronomistic_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuteronomistic history">Deuteronomistic history</a>, a history of ancient Israel also including the books of <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua" title="Book of Joshua">Joshua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judges" title="Book of Judges">Judges</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Samuel" title="Books of Samuel">Samuel</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Biblical_commentator" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical commentator">Biblical commentators</a> believe the Books of Kings mixes legends, folktales, miracle stories and "fictional constructions"<sup id="cite_ref-Nelson,_pp.1-2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nelson,_pp.1-2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in with the annals for the purpose of providing a <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theological</a> explanation for the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(587_BC)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)">destruction of the Kingdom of Judah</a> by Babylon in c. 586 BC and to provide a foundation for a return from <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_captivity" title="Babylonian captivity">Babylonian exile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sweeney_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sweeney-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two books of Kings present a <a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah" title="History of ancient Israel and Judah">history of ancient Israel and Judah</a>, from the death of King <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a> to the release of <a href="/wiki/Jehoiachin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jehoiachin">Jehoiachin</a> from imprisonment in Babylon—a period of some 400 years (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 960</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 560 BC</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Sweeney_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sweeney-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholars tend to treat the books as consisting of a first edition from the late 7th century BC and of a second and final edition from the mid-6th century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Fretheim_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fretheim-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Grabbe_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grabbe-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contents">Contents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Contents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saabaghiberti.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Saabaghiberti.jpg/250px-Saabaghiberti.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Saabaghiberti.jpg/375px-Saabaghiberti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Saabaghiberti.jpg/500px-Saabaghiberti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1917" data-file-height="1925" /></a><figcaption>Solomon greeting the Queen of Sheba – gate of <a href="/wiki/Florence_Baptistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Florence Baptistry">Florence Baptistry</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Bible" title="Jerusalem Bible">Jerusalem Bible</a> divides the two Books of Kings into eight sections: </p> <ul><li>1 Kings 1:1–2:46. <a href="/wiki/Davidic_dynasty_in_Bible_prophecy#Solomon's_line" title="Davidic dynasty in Bible prophecy">The Davidic succession</a></li> <li>1 Kings 3:1–11:43. <a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a> in all his glory</li> <li>1 Kings 12:1–13:34. The political and religious schism</li> <li>1 Kings 14:1–16:34. The two kingdoms until <a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li> <li>1 Kings 17:1 – 2 Kings 1:18. The Elijah cycle</li> <li>2 Kings 2:1–13:25. The <a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a> cycle</li> <li>2 Kings 14:1–17:41. The two kingdoms to the fall of <a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a></li> <li>2 Kings 18:1–25:30. The last years of the kingdom of Judah</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1_Kings">1 Kings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1 Kings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Davidic_succession_(1:1–2:46)"><span id="The_Davidic_succession_.281:1.E2.80.932:46.29"></span>The Davidic succession (1:1–2:46)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Davidic succession (1:1–2:46)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a> is by now old, and so his attendants look for a virgin to look after him. They find <a href="/wiki/Abishag" title="Abishag">Abishag</a>, who looks after him but they do not have sexual relations. <a href="/wiki/Adonijah" title="Adonijah">Adonijah</a>, David's fourth son, born after <a href="/wiki/Absalom" title="Absalom">Absalom</a>, decides to claim the throne. With the support of <a href="/wiki/Joab" title="Joab">Joab</a>, David's general, and <a href="/wiki/Abiathar" title="Abiathar">Abiathar</a>, the priest, he begins a coronation procession. He begins the festivities by offering sacrifices at <a href="/wiki/Ein_Rogel" title="Ein Rogel">En Rogel</a> in the presence of his brothers and the royal officials, but does not invite <a href="/wiki/Nathan_(prophet)" title="Nathan (prophet)">Nathan the prophet</a>; <a href="/wiki/Benaiah#Benaiah,_son_of_Jehoiada" title="Benaiah">Benanaiah</a>, captain of the king's bodyguard, or the bodyguard itself; or even his own brother <a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a>. </p><p>Nathan comes to <a href="/wiki/Bathsheba" title="Bathsheba">Bathsheba</a>, Solomon's mother, and informs her what is going on. She goes to David and reminds him that he said Solomon would be his successor. As she is speaking to him, Nathan enters and explains the full situation to David. David reaffirms his promise that Solomon will be king after him and arranges for him to be anointed at the <a href="/wiki/Gihon_Spring" title="Gihon Spring">Gihon Spring</a>. The anointing is performed by <a href="/wiki/Zadok" title="Zadok">Zadok</a> the priest. Following this, the population of Jerusalem proclaims Solomon king. This is heard by Adonijah and his fellow feasters, but they do not know what is happening until Abiathar's son Jonathan arrives and informs them. With Solomon officially enthroned, Adonijah fears for his life and claims <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary" title="Sanctuary">sanctuary</a>; Solomon decides to spare him unless he does something evil. </p><p>David advises his son on how to be a good king and to punish David's enemies, and then dies. Adonijah comes to Bathsheba and asks to marry Abishag. Solomon suspects this request is to strengthen Adonijah's claim to the throne and has Benaiah put him to death. He then takes away Abiathar's priesthood as punishment for supporting Adonijah, thus fulfilling the prophecy made to <a href="/wiki/Eli_(biblical_figure)" title="Eli (biblical figure)">Eli</a> at the start of <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Samuel#1_Samuel" title="Books of Samuel">1 Samuel</a>. </p><p>Joab hears what is going on and himself claims sanctuary, but when he refuses to come out of the tabernacle, Solomon instructs Benaiah to kill him there. He then replaces Joab with Benaiah and Abiathar with Zadok. Solomon then instructs <a href="/wiki/Shimei_ben_Gera" title="Shimei ben Gera">Shimei ben Gera</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Benjamin" title="Tribe of Benjamin">Benjaminite</a> who cursed David as he was fleeing from Absalom, to move to Jerusalem and not to leave. One day, two of Shimei's slaves run away to <a href="/wiki/Gath_(city)" title="Gath (city)">Gath</a> and Shimei pursues them. When he returns to Jerusalem, Solomon has him put to death for leaving Jerusalem. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Solomon_in_all_his_glory_(3:1–11:43)"><span id="Solomon_in_all_his_glory_.283:1.E2.80.9311:43.29"></span>Solomon in all his glory (3:1–11:43)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Solomon in all his glory (3:1–11:43)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Solomon_the_sage_(3:1–4:34)"><span id="Solomon_the_sage_.283:1.E2.80.934:34.29"></span>Solomon the sage (3:1–4:34)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Solomon the sage (3:1–4:34)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Solomon makes an alliance with <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egypt</a> and marries the <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh%27s_daughter_(wife_of_Solomon)" title="Pharaoh's daughter (wife of Solomon)">Pharaoh's daughter</a>. After this, he continues the ancient practice of travelling between the <a href="/wiki/High_place" title="High place">high places</a> and offering sacrifices. When he is at <a href="/wiki/Gibeon_(ancient_city)" title="Gibeon (ancient city)">Gibeon</a>, God speaks to him in a dream and offers him anything he asks for. Solomon, being young, asks for "an understanding heart to judge" (שָׁפַט).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> God is pleased and grants him not only "a wise...heart" (<a href="/wiki/Hakham" title="Hakham">חכם</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but also wealth, honor, and longevity, on the condition that Solomon is righteous like his father David. Solomon returns to Jerusalem and holds a feast for his servants in front of the <a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a>. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Judgement_of_Solomon" title="Judgement of Solomon">Judgment of Solomon</a> amazes the Israelites, he appoints a cabinet and reorganizes the governance of Israel at a local level. The nation of Israel prospers and Solomon's provisions increase. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Solomon_the_builder_(5:1–9:25)"><span id="Solomon_the_builder_.285:1.E2.80.939:25.29"></span>Solomon the builder (5:1–9:25)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Solomon the builder (5:1–9:25)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over a period of seven years, Solomon works to fulfill David's vow of building <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Solomon" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple of Solomon">a temple to God</a> with wood provided by the king of <a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiram_I" title="Hiram I">Hiram I</a>, an old friend of David's. He also builds himself a palace, which takes him thirteen years. Once the Temple is finished, Solomon hires a Tyrian half-<a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Naphtali" title="Tribe of Naphtali">Naphtalite</a> named <a href="/wiki/Hiram_Abiff" title="Hiram Abiff">Huram</a> to create the furnishings. </p><p>When finished, the things which David prepared for the Temple are brought in, and Solomon organizes a ceremony during which the priests carry the <a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a> into the Temple. A cloud fills the Temple, preventing the priests from continuing the ceremony. Solomon explains that this is the presence of God, and takes the opportunity to make a <a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Solomon" title="Prayer of Solomon">dedication speech</a>. The dedication is completed with sacrifices, and a celebration is held for fourteen days. God speaks to Solomon and accepts his prayer, re-affirming his vow to David that his House will be kings forever unless they begin worshipping idols. </p><p>Solomon gives twenty towns in Galilee to Hiram as thanks for his help, but they are virtually worthless. He begins building and improvement works in various cities in addition to his major projects in Jerusalem and puts the remaining <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaanites</a> into slavery. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Solomon_the_trader_(9:26–10:29)"><span id="Solomon_the_trader_.289:26.E2.80.9310:29.29"></span>Solomon the trader (9:26–10:29)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Solomon the trader (9:26–10:29)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Solomon builds a navy. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba" title="Queen of Sheba">Queen of Sheba</a> hears of Solomon's wisdom and travels to Jerusalem to meet him. Upon arriving, she praises him, saying she did not fully believe the stories about Solomon until she came to see him. The Queen gives Solomon 120 talents and a large amount of spices and precious stones, prompting Hiram to send a large amount of valuable wood and precious stones in response. Solomon also gives the Queen gifts and she returns to her country. Solomon by now has 666 talents of gold, and decides to forge shields and cups. He also maintains trading relations with Hiram, from whose country he receives many exotic goods. Overall, Israel becomes a net exporter of golden goods. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="His_decline_(11:1–43)"><span id="His_decline_.2811:1.E2.80.9343.29"></span>His decline (11:1–43)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: His decline (11:1–43)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Solomon amasses 700 wives and 300 concubines, many from foreign countries, including from countries God told the Israelites not to intermarry with. Solomon begins to adopt elements from their religions, and builds shrines in Jerusalem to foreign deities. God informs Solomon that because he has broken his commandments, the entire kingdom except one tribe will be taken away from his son. </p><p>At the same time, Solomon begins to amass enemies. A young prince named <a href="/wiki/Hadad_the_Edomite" title="Hadad the Edomite">Hadad</a> who managed to escape Joab's attempted genocide of the Edomites, hears Joab and David are dead, and returns to <a href="/wiki/Edom" title="Edom">Edom</a> to lead his people. Meanwhile, to the north, the Syrian king <a href="/wiki/Rezon_the_Syrian" title="Rezon the Syrian">Rezon</a>, whose <a href="/wiki/Zobah" title="Zobah">Zobahite</a> army was defeated by David, allies himself with Hadad and causes havoc for Israel from his base in <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>. </p><p>On the home front, <a href="/wiki/Jeroboam" title="Jeroboam">Jeroboam</a>, who supervised the building of Solomon's palace terraces and the reconstruction of the city walls, encounters the prophet <a href="/wiki/Ahijah_the_Shilonite" title="Ahijah the Shilonite">Ahijah the Shilonite</a> on the road out of Jerusalem. Ahijah tears his cloak into twelve parts and gives ten of them to Jeroboam, saying that Jeroboam will rule over ten tribes of Israel upon Solomon's death as punishment for Solomon's idol worship. In response, Solomon tries to kill Jeroboam, but he flees to Egypt. Solomon dies after having reigned for forty years and is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Rehoboam" title="Rehoboam">Rehoboam</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_political_and_religious_schism_(12:1–13:34)"><span id="The_political_and_religious_schism_.2812:1.E2.80.9313:34.29"></span>The political and religious schism (12:1–13:34)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The political and religious schism (12:1–13:34)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rehoboam travels to <a href="/wiki/Shechem" title="Shechem">Shechem</a> to be proclaimed king. Upon hearing this, Jeroboam returns from Egypt and joins Rehoboam's older advisors in asking for the people to be treated better than under Solomon. Instead, Rehoboam turns to his friends for advice, and proclaims that he will treat the people worse. This greatly displeases the Israelites. When he sends a new minister of forced labour named <a href="/wiki/Adoniram" title="Adoniram">Adoniram</a>, they stone him to death. Rehoboam returns to safety in Jerusalem. The Israelites proclaim Jeroboam king. <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Judah" title="Tribe of Judah">Judah</a> remains loyal to Rehoboam, and he also controls Benjamin. From these two tribes, Rehoboam amasses an army to attack the north, but the prophet <a href="/wiki/Shemaiah_(prophet)" title="Shemaiah (prophet)">Shemaiah</a> prevents the war. </p><p>Back in Shechem, Jeroboam becomes worried about the possible return of his tribes to loyalty to the House of David, and decides the best way to prevent this is to stop them worshipping the <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">God of Israel</a>, since he considers the point at which they are most likely to defect to be when they travel to Jerusalem to offer sacrifices. To this end, he sets up golden calves at altars at <a href="/wiki/Bethel" title="Bethel">Bethel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dan_(ancient_city)" title="Dan (ancient city)">Dan</a> and appoints his own priests and festivals. One day, a prophet comes by and announces that some day a Davidic king named <a href="/wiki/Josiah" title="Josiah">Josiah</a> will be born and violently abolish Jeroboam's religion. Seeking to seize him, Jeroboam stretches out his hand, but it becomes withered and, as a sign, the altar splits open and its ashes pour out. Despite all this, Jeroboam does not change his ways. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_two_kingdoms_until_Elijah_(14:1–16:34)"><span id="The_two_kingdoms_until_Elijah_.2814:1.E2.80.9316:34.29"></span>The two kingdoms until Elijah (14:1–16:34)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The two kingdoms until Elijah (14:1–16:34)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jeroboam's son Abijah becomes ill, so Jeroboam tells his wife to go in disguise to Ahijah, who has become blind with age. God tells Ahijah of the arrival of Jeroboam's wife. Ahijah prophesies the end of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Jeroboam" title="House of Jeroboam">House of Jeroboam</a>, beginning with the death of Abijah, who will be the only member of the royal house to be buried. He prophesies that a usurper king will arise who will accomplish this. Jeroboam dies, and is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Nadab_of_Israel" title="Nadab of Israel">Nadab</a>. </p><p>Meanwhile, in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Kingdom of Judah</a>, the people set up high places, sacred stones and <a href="/wiki/Asherah_poles" class="mw-redirect" title="Asherah poles">Asherah poles</a> to foreign gods, and even allow male <a href="/wiki/Sacred_prostitution" title="Sacred prostitution">temple prostitution</a>. The pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Shishak" title="Shishak">Shishak</a> sacks Jerusalem and takes all the royal and Temple treasures, including Solomon's gold shields, prompting Rehoboam to make bronze ones to replace them. Rehoboam dies and is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Abijah_of_Judah" title="Abijah of Judah">Abijah</a>, a grandson of <a href="/wiki/Absalom" title="Absalom">Absalom</a>. Abijah is as bad as his father, but God continues to protect him and his family because of the promise He made to David. When Abijah dies, he is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Asa_of_Judah" title="Asa of Judah">Asa</a>. </p><p>Asa, in contrast to his father and grandfather, is a good king, on par with David. He abolishes male temple prostitution and destroys idols, and even deposed his grandmother as <a href="/wiki/Queen_mother" title="Queen mother">Queen mother</a> due to idolatry. He moves a collection of gold and silver objects back into the Temple. However, when he goes to war against <a href="/wiki/Baasha_of_Israel" title="Baasha of Israel">Baasha of Israel</a>, he gives the royal and Temple gold and silver to <a href="/wiki/Ben-Hadad_I" title="Ben-Hadad I">Ben-Hadad</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Aram-Damascus" title="Aram-Damascus">Aram</a>, to get him to break a treaty with Israel and attack with him. Ben-Hadad is surprisingly successful, and Baasha must withdraw from <a href="/wiki/Ramah_in_Benjamin" title="Ramah in Benjamin">Ramah</a>, leading Asa to issue a decree that Ramah's fortifications be taken down and used to build <a href="/wiki/Geba_(city)" title="Geba (city)">Geba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mizpah_in_Benjamin" title="Mizpah in Benjamin">Mizpah</a>. Asa dies an old man and is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Jehoshaphat" title="Jehoshaphat">Jehoshaphat</a>. </p><p>Back in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">Israel</a>, Nadab is on the throne. Like his father, he is evil. Baasha, son of an <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Issachar" title="Tribe of Issachar">Issacharite</a> named Ahijah, plots to kill him and succeeds in a sneak attack, taking him by surprise during the Siege of <a href="/wiki/Gibbethon" title="Gibbethon">Gibbethon</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Philistines" title="Philistines">Philistine</a> city. He then proceeds to kill Jeroboam's whole family, fulfilling the prophecy of Ahijah the prophet. However, Baasha commits the same sins as Jeroboam. God therefore informs the prophet <a href="/wiki/Jehu_(prophet)" title="Jehu (prophet)">Jehu</a> that he will also end the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Baasha" title="House of Baasha">House of Baasha</a>. Baasha dies and is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Elah_(king)" title="Elah (king)">Elah</a>, who soon falls victim to a plot led by his charioteer <a href="/wiki/Zimri_(king)" title="Zimri (king)">Zimri</a>. Zimri becomes king after Elah's killing, and fulfills the prophecy of Jehu; however, Zimri's army now proclaims its commander <a href="/wiki/Omri" title="Omri">Omri</a> as king and returns to <a href="/wiki/Tirzah_(ancient_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirzah (ancient city)">Tirzah</a> to lay siege to it. Seeing he is losing, Zimri <a href="/wiki/Arson" title="Arson">sets fire</a> to the palace. </p><p>The start of Omri's reign faces factionalism, with half his subjects supporting <a href="/wiki/Tibni" title="Tibni">Tibni</a>, son of Gibnath as king. He buys the hill of Shemer, upon which he builds the city of <a href="/wiki/Samaria_(ancient_city)" title="Samaria (ancient city)">Samaria</a>. However, he is the worst king yet. When he dies, he is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Ahab" title="Ahab">Ahab</a>, who himself overtakes Omri in his evilness. Upon his marriage to <a href="/wiki/Jezebel" title="Jezebel">Jezebel</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Ithobaal_I" title="Ithobaal I">Ethbaal</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a>, he introduces the worship of Baal, building him a temple and setting up an Asherah pole. Meanwhile, a nobleman named Hiel of <a href="/wiki/Bethel" title="Bethel">Bethel</a> activates the curse proclaimed by <a href="/wiki/Joshua" title="Joshua">Joshua</a> by rebuilding <a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">Jericho</a>, resulting in the death of his oldest and youngest sons. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Elijah_cycle_(17:1–22:54)"><span id="The_Elijah_cycle_.2817:1.E2.80.9322:54.29"></span>The Elijah cycle (17:1–22:54)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The Elijah cycle (17:1–22:54)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="The_great_drought_(17:1–18:46)"><span id="The_great_drought_.2817:1.E2.80.9318:46.29"></span>The great drought (17:1–18:46)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: The great drought (17:1–18:46)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A new prophet arises in Israel, named <a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a>, who informs Ahab of a years-long <a href="/wiki/Drought" title="Drought">drought</a> about to begin. God then tells Elijah to hide in the <a href="/wiki/Chorath" title="Chorath">Kerith</a> Ravine, where he drinks from the stream and is fed by <a href="/wiki/Raven" title="Raven">ravens</a>. When the brook dries up, God tells Elijah to travel to <a href="/wiki/Sarepta" title="Sarepta">Zarephath</a>, where a widow will feed him. She is more than happy to give him water, but when he asks for bread, she informs him that she is just about to make a small loaf – only enough that she and <a href="/wiki/Raising_of_the_son_of_the_widow_of_Zarephath" title="Raising of the son of the widow of Zarephath">her son</a> may eat it as their last meal. Elijah instructs her to make him some anyway, telling her that she will not run out of food until the famine is over. Soon, the widow's son becomes ill and dies. At the widow's insistence, Elijah raises him from the dead. </p><p>Three years later, God tells Elijah to return to Ahab because the drought is coming to an end. On the way, Elijah meets his administrator <a href="/wiki/Obadiah_(1_Kings)" title="Obadiah (1 Kings)">Obadiah</a>, who was hiding prophets during Jezebel's persecutions, and asks him to tell Ahab of his arrival. Seeking to end the worship of Baal for good, Elijah tells Ahab to invite four hundred priests of Baal and four hundred of <a href="/wiki/Asherah" title="Asherah">Asherah</a> to the top of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel" title="Mount Carmel">Mount Carmel</a>. There, he upbraids the people for their duplicity, telling them to choose either worship of the God of Israel or of Baal. </p><p>He then proposes a challenge: he and the priests will each prepare a sacrifice, and then call upon their respective gods to send fire to burn it. When the priests attempt to call down fire, none comes. On the other hand, despite having the Israelites pour much water over his altar, when Elijah prays for fire God sends it, accepting the sacrifice. Elijah orders the priests of Baal be killed, and informs Ahab of the coming rain. Climbing to the top of the mountain, Elijah sends his servant to look out to sea. After returning seven times, the servant eventually sees a small cloud rising far out at sea. Elijah tells the servant to inform Ahab to return to <a href="/wiki/Tel_Jezreel" title="Tel Jezreel">Jezreel</a> in his chariot, while Elijah manages to run ahead of him. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Elijah_at_Horeb_(19:1–21)"><span id="Elijah_at_Horeb_.2819:1.E2.80.9321.29"></span>Elijah at Horeb (19:1–21)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Elijah at Horeb (19:1–21)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When she hears what has happened, Jezebel threatens to kill Elijah, causing him to run for his life. In the wilderness near <a href="/wiki/Beersheba" title="Beersheba">Beersheba</a>, Elijah, fed up, asks God to kill him. Instead, an <a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">angel</a> supplies him with food, which gives him the strength to continue a further forty days until he reaches <a href="/wiki/Mount_Horeb" title="Mount Horeb">Mount Horeb</a>, where he falls asleep in a cave. When Elijah wakes up, God tells him He is about to pass by. An earthquake occurs and a fire starts, but neither contain God. </p><p>Instead, God appears in the form of a whisper. After hearing Elijah's concerns about being killed, he instructs him to go to Damascus, where he is to anoint <a href="/wiki/Hazael" title="Hazael">Hazael</a> as king of Aram, <a href="/wiki/Jehu" title="Jehu">Jehu</a> as king of Israel and <a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a> as Elijah's own successor. Elijah finds Elisha plowing with <a href="/wiki/Ox" title="Ox">oxen</a>. Elisha says goodbye to his parents, kills his oxen and cooks them by burning his plowing equipment. He distributes the meat to his neighbours and sets off to follow Elijah. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="The_Aramean_wars_(20:1–43)"><span id="The_Aramean_wars_.2820:1.E2.80.9343.29"></span>The Aramean wars (20:1–43)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: The Aramean wars (20:1–43)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hadadezer" title="Hadadezer">Ben-Hadad II</a>, the new king of Aram, raises an army and sends messengers demanding all Ahab's gold and silver, and the best of his wives and children. While agreeing to this demand, after consulting his advisors he decides not to accept a follow-up demand requesting anything else of value in his palace or his officials' houses. In response to this situation, Ben-Hadad attacks Samaria. At this point, Ahab receives a prophecy that his junior officers will defeat Ben-Hadad if Ahab starts the battle. Ben-Hadad tells his men to take the advancing troops alive, but each junior officer kills his Aramean equivalent. </p><p>The Arameans, including Ben-Hadad, begin a retreat, but Ahab's army inflicts heavy losses. The prophet who brought the first prophecy tells Ahab to improve his defences, since the Arameans will attack again. Ben-Hadad's advisors reason that the reason they lost was because God lives in the hills, leading them to attack <a href="/wiki/Aphek_(biblical)" title="Aphek (biblical)">Aphek</a>, a city on the plains, the following spring. In response to this, God agrees to give the Israelites another victory to demonstrate his omnipresence. After a disastrous first day, Ben-Hadad sends messengers to Ahab, begging him to spare him. Ahab sends for Ben-Hadad, who offers to return the land his father took from Israel. The two kings sign a treaty and Ben-Hadad leaves. </p><p>After failing to get another prophet to strike him with his weapon, resulting in that prophet's death by lion, a prophet manages to get someone else to do it and appears before Ahab, telling him a parable about how his failing to guard a man in battle means he now must pay a talent. When he removes his headband, and Ahab sees he is a prophet, he tells Ahab that he will die because he spared Ben-Hadad, who God had told him to kill. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Naboth's_vineyard_(21:1–28)"><span id="Naboth.27s_vineyard_.2821:1.E2.80.9328.29"></span>Naboth's vineyard (21:1–28)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Naboth's vineyard (21:1–28)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some time later, Ahab attempts to buy a <a href="/wiki/Vineyard" title="Vineyard">vineyard</a> belonging to <a href="/wiki/Naboth" title="Naboth">Naboth</a> the Jezreelite. When Naboth will not sell it to him on account of it being his inheritance, Ahab sulks and refuses to eat. Jezebel proclaims a day of <a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">fasting</a>, upon which two <a href="/wiki/Perjury" title="Perjury">false witnesses</a> accuse Naboth of cursing God and the king. He is <a href="/wiki/Stoning" title="Stoning">stoned</a> to death, allowing Ahab to take possession of the vineyard. In response, God tells Elijah to confront Ahab and inform him that he will die in the vineyard and that his descendants and Jezebel will be wiped out. This has marked the peak of Ahab's evilness, and indeed the evilness of any king of Israel. Ahab repents, so God allows the disaster Elijah prophesied to come during the reign of his son instead. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Another_war_with_Aram_(22:1–38)"><span id="Another_war_with_Aram_.2822:1.E2.80.9338.29"></span>Another war with Aram (22:1–38)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Another war with Aram (22:1–38)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three years pass with peace between Aram and Israel. Aram still possesses <a href="/wiki/Ramoth-Gilead" title="Ramoth-Gilead">Ramoth-Gilead</a> and, when Jehoshaphat agrees for the Judahite army to accompany him on a campaign during a state visit, Ahab decides to take it back. Four hundred prophets agree this is a good idea, but Jehoshaphat asks to speak with a prophet of God. Ahab reluctantly calls <a href="/wiki/Micaiah" title="Micaiah">Micaiah</a>, whom he dislikes for never prophesying in his favour. When he arrives, a prophet named Zedekiah uses a strange hat with horns to claim that Ahab will have victory over the Arameans. </p><p>Michaiah tells Ahab that if he attacks Ramoth-Gilead, he will die and Israel will be leaderless but that this is part of God's plan. Zedekiah slaps him, leading Michaiah to prophesy impending destruction, and Ahab tells his jailer to put Michaiah in prison with no food or water until Ahab returns safely. </p><p>Ahab and Jehoshaphat begin their campaign, agreeing that Ahab will be disguised while Jehoshaphat will wear his royal robes. The Arameans, being under instructions to kill no one except Ahab, begin pursuing Jehoshaphat but cease their pursuit when they see he is not Ahab. Ahab is hit between the plates of his armour by a random Aramean arrow. He withdraws from the battle and dies that evening. He is buried, his chariot is washed in a pool where prostitutes bathe, and his blood is licked by dogs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="After_the_death_of_Ahab_(22:39–53)"><span id="After_the_death_of_Ahab_.2822:39.E2.80.9353.29"></span>After the death of Ahab (22:39–53)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: After the death of Ahab (22:39–53)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ahab's son <a href="/wiki/Ahaziah_of_Israel" title="Ahaziah of Israel">Ahaziah</a> succeeds him. </p><p>Jehoshaphat has been a good king his entire reign, following the example of his father Asa. He has not destroyed the high places, but he has kept peace with Israel. He has also gotten rid of the remaining male temple prostitutes and there is now a provincial governor rather than a king in Edom. He has built a merchant navy, but it was wrecked at <a href="/wiki/Ezion-Geber" title="Ezion-Geber">Ezion-Geber</a>. Ahaziah suggests they join forces in this regard, but Jehoshaphat refuses. He dies and is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Jehoram_of_Judah" title="Jehoram of Judah">Jehoram</a>. </p><p>Ahaziah does evil and allows the idol worship which flourished under his father to continue. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2_Kings">2 Kings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 2 Kings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Elijah_cycle_(continued)_(1:1–18)"><span id="The_Elijah_cycle_.28continued.29_.281:1.E2.80.9318.29"></span>The Elijah cycle (continued) (1:1–18)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: The Elijah cycle (continued) (1:1–18)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="After_the_death_of_Ahab_(continued)_(1:1–18)"><span id="After_the_death_of_Ahab_.28continued.29_.281:1.E2.80.9318.29"></span>After the death of Ahab (continued) (1:1–18)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: After the death of Ahab (continued) (1:1–18)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ahaziah falls through a <a href="/wiki/Latticework" title="Latticework">lattice</a> on an upper floor and injures himself. He sends a party to <a href="/wiki/Ekron" title="Ekron">Ekron</a> to consult its god, <a href="/wiki/Beelzebub" title="Beelzebub">Baal-Zebub</a>, about whether he will recover. The messengers are met by Elijah, who tells them to inform Ahaziah that he will die where he is for seeking advice from a non-Israelite god. Ahaziah sends two captains and fifty men each to summon Elijah, but both parties are consumed by fire at Elijah's command. When Ahaziah sends a third group, God tells Elijah to go with them and deliver his prophecy directly. Ahaziah dies and, having no sons, his brother <a href="/wiki/Jehoram_of_Israel" title="Jehoram of Israel">Joram</a> succeeds him. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Elisha_cycle_(2:1–13:25)"><span id="The_Elisha_cycle_.282:1.E2.80.9313:25.29"></span>The Elisha cycle (2:1–13:25)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: The Elisha cycle (2:1–13:25)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Its_opening_(2:1–25)"><span id="Its_opening_.282:1.E2.80.9325.29"></span>Its opening (2:1–25)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Its opening (2:1–25)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elijah and Elisha are walking from <a href="/wiki/Gilgal_I" title="Gilgal I">Gilgal</a>. Elijah asks that Elisha stay where they are, but Elisha insists on coming with him to Bethel. Elijah informs him that he is going to be taken by God. Elisha seems to have some kind of knowledge of this. Once again, Elijah asks Elisha to stay where they are, but Elisha insists on coming with him to Jericho. Eventually, they reach the Jordan, where fifty prophets are. Elijah strikes the water with his cloak, the water divides, and the pair cross over. Elijah asks what Elisha wants when he is gone, and Elisha asks for a double portion of his spirit, which Elijah says will be given to him if he watches him go. </p><p>Suddenly, a fiery horse-drawn chariot takes Elijah and he ascends to heaven in a whirlwind. After mourning, Elisha picks up Elijah's cloak and himself uses it to part the Jordan. This leads the other prophets to recognise him as Elijah's successor, and offer to look for Elijah, an offer which Elisha refuses. They persist but, naturally, are unable to find him. As Elisha's first task, he throws salt into a spring in Jericho, resolving the locals' water problem by purifying the water. When Elisha leaves for Bethel, some boys start jeering him on account of his baldness. Bears come and maul them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="The_Moabite_war_(3:1–27)"><span id="The_Moabite_war_.283:1.E2.80.9327.29"></span>The Moabite war (3:1–27)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: The Moabite war (3:1–27)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Joram is evil but gets rid of the sacred stone of Baal. After the death of Ahab, the king of Moab refused to continue paying tribute to Israel, so Joram teams up with Jehoshaphat and the king of Edom to put down the rebellion. They attack through the Desert of Edom but soon run out of water. They ask Elisha for advice. He first makes it very clear that he is only doing this for Jehoshaphat's sake and then calls for a harpist. Elisha prophesies a coming flood in the valley in addition to a complete defeat of Moab. </p><p>The water comes but looks like blood to the Moabites, which they conclude can only have come from the three kings having killed each other. However, when they cross, Israel wins a great victory and completely plunders the land. When the king of Moab sacrifices his firstborn son on the city walls, the Israelites are overwhelmed by great wrath and withdraw. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Some_miracles_of_Elisha_(4:1–6:7)"><span id="Some_miracles_of_Elisha_.284:1.E2.80.936:7.29"></span>Some miracles of Elisha (4:1–6:7)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Some miracles of Elisha (4:1–6:7)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elisha meets a <a href="/wiki/Widow" title="Widow">widow</a> whose creditors are threatening to take her two sons into <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a> as payment. When he finds out the only other thing she has is a small jar of olive oil, he tells her to go and ask all her neighbours for jars. He tells her to pour oil into the jars, and it holds out until every jar is filled. Elisha finally tells her to sell the oil, pay the creditors and live off the rest. He then moves on to <a href="/wiki/Shunem" title="Shunem">Shunem</a>, where a <a href="/wiki/Woman_of_Shunem" title="Woman of Shunem">woman</a> invites him to eat and soon decides to build a room for use whenever he passes through. </p><p>His servant <a href="/wiki/Gehazi" title="Gehazi">Gehazi</a> informs him that she has no son, so Elisha tells her that she will have <a href="/wiki/Raising_of_the_son_of_the_woman_of_Shunem" title="Raising of the son of the woman of Shunem">a child</a> within a year, as payment for her kindness. One day, the child is helping his father's reapers when he complains of a pain in his head. He is returned to his mother and dies. His mother therefore seeks out Elisha, whom she meets at Mount Carmel. He tells Gehazi to quickly make his way to the house and lay his staff on the boy's face. When Elisha gets there with the woman, Gehazi informs him that this has not worked. </p><p>Elisha prays, paces, and lays himself on the boy, who then awakens. Elisha continues on to Gilgal, where a <a href="/wiki/Famine" title="Famine">famine</a> is raging. Seeking to help the local prophets, he tells his servant to cook a stew. One of the prophets inadvertently adds some poisonous berries to the pot, but Elisha adds some <a href="/wiki/Flour" title="Flour">flour</a>, negating the poison. A man comes from <a href="/wiki/Shalisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Shalisha">Baal-Shalish</a> with twenty loaves of bread. Elisha uses them to miraculously feed the hundred people present. </p><p>An Aramean general named <a href="/wiki/Naaman" title="Naaman">Naaman</a> has <a href="/wiki/Leprosy" title="Leprosy">leprosy</a>. He hears of Elisha from an Israelite slave-girl and receives permission from the king to travel in an attempt to have his leprosy cured. He travels first to the king of Israel, but is eventually called by Elisha, who sends a messenger to tell him to wash seven times in the Jordan. He does what Elisha told him to and his leprosy is cured. Naaman offers Elisha a gift of thanks, but Elisha refuses. Naaman contents himself with taking earth back to Damascus in order to build an altar to God and asking God's forgiveness for when he has to participate in Aramean religious rituals when accompanying the king. As Naaman is leaving Gehazi catches up with him and lies about prophets arriving so that at least he can get a gift. As punishment for this, Elisha curses him to become leprous. </p><p>Several other prophets begin complaining that their meeting place with Elisha is too small, so he agrees to allow them to build a new one on the banks of the Jordan. During the building, someone's borrowed axehead falls in the river but miraculously floats. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="The_Aramean_wars_(6:8–8:29)"><span id="The_Aramean_wars_.286:8.E2.80.938:29.29"></span>The Aramean wars (6:8–8:29)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: The Aramean wars (6:8–8:29)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By this point, Aram is back at war with Israel. Elisha warns the king of Israel where the Arameans are camped several times, frustrating the king of Aram, who seeks him out. One morning, Elisha wakes up to find <a href="/wiki/Tel_Dothan" title="Tel Dothan">Dothan</a>, the city where he is staying, surrounded by Arameans. His servant is frightened, until Elisha shows him the angels protecting them. He then prays that the Aramean army go <a href="/wiki/Visual_impairment" title="Visual impairment">blind</a>, and they do. He then leads them to Samaria, where their eyes are opened. </p><p>The king of Israel asks Elisha whether he should kill them, but Elisha instead tells him to treat them with hospitality. This ends the war, but soon Ben-Hadad is back at war and laying siege to Samaria. The resulting famine gets so severe that soon people resort to <a href="/wiki/Human_cannibalism" title="Human cannibalism">cannibalism</a>. The king feels the best way to deal with the situation is to execute Elisha, blaming God for the famine. Elisha prophesies that huge amounts of the finest flour and <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a> will soon come to Samaria, but that the king's official will not taste any of it. </p><p>Four lepers sit at the gate of Samaria and decide to surrender to the Arameans in the hope of not dying in the famine. God made the Arameans hear horses and chariots the night before and, thinking the Hittites and Egyptians were helping the Israelites, they fled. The lepers find the abandoned camp and tell the king. The Samaritans then go and plunder the camp, driving down the price of food in the city. In the chaos, the king's official who was with him when he went to see Elisha is trampled to death. </p><p>Elisha has warned the Shunammite woman about the famine, so she and her husband have gone to live in <a href="/wiki/Philistia" title="Philistia">Philisitia</a>. Upon return, she goes to the king to appeal for her land back. When she arrives, Gehazi is telling the king about how Elisha raised her son from the dead. This works in her favour, and her house and land are restored to her, as well as all her income. Next, Elisha goes to Damascus, where Ben-Hadad is ill. When he hears of Elisha's arrival, Ben-Hadad sends <a href="/wiki/Hazael" title="Hazael">Hazael</a> to him with a gift to ask whether he will get better. Elisha tells Hazael to tell the king that he will, even though he will in fact die, and Hazael will become king and cause much damage to Israel. The next day, Hazael smothers the king and succeeds him. </p><p>Back in Judah, Jehoram is king. Unlike his father and grandfather, he is evil and follows the ways of Israel, even marrying a daughter of Ahab. However, he is not destroyed, again because of God's covenant with David. His reign is plagued with instability, including revolts in Edom, who restores its monarchy, and <a href="/wiki/Libnah" title="Libnah">Libnah</a>. Jehoram dies and is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Ahaziah_of_Judah" title="Ahaziah of Judah">Ahaziah</a>, who, like his father, follows in Ahab's footsteps. Ahaziah and Joram go to war together against Hazael. Joram is wounded, and after the battle Ahaziah goes to Jezreel to see him. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="The_history_of_Jehu_(9:1–10:36)"><span id="The_history_of_Jehu_.289:1.E2.80.9310:36.29"></span>The history of Jehu (9:1–10:36)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: The history of Jehu (9:1–10:36)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elisha tells a prophet to go to Ramoth-Gilead and anoint a commander of the royal guard named <a href="/wiki/Jehu" title="Jehu">Jehu</a> as king. Jehu leads his troops to Jezreel to challenge Joram. Joram sends two messengers, but both join Jehu. Jehu accuses Joram of continuing the idolatry of Jezebel. Joram flees, warning Ahaziah, but is struck in his heart between his shoulders and dies. Jehu tells his charioteer <a href="/wiki/Bidkar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidkar">Bidkar</a> to place him in Naboth's field. Jehu wants to kill Ahaziah too, but merely succeeds in wounding him, although he dies from his injuries at <a href="/wiki/Tel_Megiddo" title="Tel Megiddo">Megiddo</a>. </p><p>His body is taken back to Jerusalem for burial. As Jehu enters Jezreel, Jezebel looks out of a window and compares him to Zimri. Two eunuchs push her out of a window at Jehu's behest and she dies. When two servants later go to prepare her body for burial as a king's daughter, they find nothing but some bones. She has been eaten by dogs, in accordance with Elijah's prophecy. </p><p>Jehu writes to Samaria, challenging the palace officials to pick Ahab's strongest son, put him on the throne and have him challenge Jehu. They refuse, and so Jehu instead asks for the heads of Ahab's seventy sons. After he has had them put inside the city gate of Jezreel, Jehu massacres the remaining members of the House of Ahab in order to fulfil Elijah's prophecy. Jehu then sets off for Samaria. On the way, he meets some of Ahaziah's relatives and has them killed too. Further along, he meets <a href="/wiki/Jehonadab" title="Jehonadab">Jehonadab</a>, who becomes his ally. </p><p>Upon finally reaching Samaria, he kills the rest of Ahab's family. Under the guise of preparing a sacrifice for Baal, he next summons all the priests of Baal. After the sacrifice is over, he has guards enter the temple and kill them. He destroys the sacred stone and tears down the temple, replacing it with a toilet, thus ending the worship of Baal. However, he does not destroy the golden calves at Bethel and Dan, which was Jeroboam's original sin. Nonetheless, God is pleased with his destruction of the Baal religion, and promises that his House will reign in Israel for four generations. However, Jehu is not meticulous in his worship of God, so God allows Hazael to conquer large portions of Israel. Jehu dies and is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Jehoahaz_of_Israel" title="Jehoahaz of Israel">Jehoahaz</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="From_the_reign_of_Athaliah_to_the_death_of_Elisha_(11:1–13:25)"><span id="From_the_reign_of_Athaliah_to_the_death_of_Elisha_.2811:1.E2.80.9313:25.29"></span>From the reign of Athaliah to the death of Elisha (11:1–13:25)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: From the reign of Athaliah to the death of Elisha (11:1–13:25)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Athaliah" title="Athaliah">Athaliah</a>, the mother of Ahaziah, seizes the throne after the death of her son and begins killing off members of the royal family. Ahaziah's sister, <a href="/wiki/Jehosheba" title="Jehosheba">Jehosheba</a>, manages to hide her nephew <a href="/wiki/Jehoash_of_Judah" title="Jehoash of Judah">Joash</a>. Seven years later, Jehosheba's husband, the priest <a href="/wiki/Jehoiada" title="Jehoiada">Jehoiada</a>, introduces Joash to the army, and informs all five units that they will now be required to guard the Temple on the Sabbath in order to protect Joash. He also gives them all the spears and shields from David's day that are kept in the Temple. Joash is crowned and anointed, and proclaimed king by the army. Athaliah claims treason, but Jehoiada has her taken back to the palace and killed. Next, the altars of Baal are destroyed, thus ending the religion in Judah as well. Finally, Joash is taken back to the palace and enthroned. </p><p>Joash is a good king, but does not remove the high places. When he grows up, his first act is to reform priestly pay, and use whatever is left to repair the Temple. Twenty-three years later, when the Temple is still not repaired, Joash once again reforms priestly pay so that all money from the Temple treasury goes towards repairs. Instead, the priests will earn money from offerings. This succeeds, and the Temple is repaired. Hazael is back at war with Israel, and it looks like he will cross the border and attack Jerusalem, so Joash sends him gifts and he leaves. Joash is assassinated and is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Amaziah_of_Judah" title="Amaziah of Judah">Amaziah</a>. </p><p>Jehoahaz is evil, so God allows Hazael to continue oppressing Israel. He repents, so God allows the war to end. However, Jehoahaz does not get rid of Jeroboam's religion, or remove the Asherah pole in Samaria. In addition, the war has almost completely eradicated the Israelite army. Jehoahaz dies and is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Jehoash_of_Israel" title="Jehoash of Israel">Jehoash</a>, who continues the evil of the previous kings of Israel. He goes to war with Amaziah. The key event of Joash's reign, is the death of Elisha. When Joash goes to see him, he tells him to shoot an arrow out of the east window, and prophesies that, based on this, the Arameans will be defeated at Aphek. </p><p>He then tells him to throw arrows at the floor. Joash throws three, which Elisha is angry about, since it means there will only be three victories there. He then dies and is buried. During a Moabite raid, some Israelite men burying a dead body panic and throw the body in Elisha's tomb. As soon as it touches Elisha's bones, the dead body returns to life. Hazael's wars have plagued Israel since the reign of Jehoahaz, but God does not destroy Israel because of the Abrahamic and Israelite covenants. Hazael dies and is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Ben-Hadad_III" title="Ben-Hadad III">Ben-Hadad III</a>. As prophesied, Jehoash defeats him three times, taking back the towns Hazael conquered. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_two_kingdoms_to_the_fall_of_Samaria_(14:1–17:41)"><span id="The_two_kingdoms_to_the_fall_of_Samaria_.2814:1.E2.80.9317:41.29"></span>The two kingdoms to the fall of Samaria (14:1–17:41)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: The two kingdoms to the fall of Samaria (14:1–17:41)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amaziah is a good king, but the high places have still not been abolished. Upon assumption of the throne, he executes his father's assassins, but spares their children in accordance with the Mosaic law. Amaziah defeats the Edomites and challenges Israel, but Jehoash advises him to stay at home. The pair meet at <a href="/wiki/Beit_Shemesh" title="Beit Shemesh">Beth Shemesh</a> and Israel thoroughly defeats Judah, scattering Amaziah's troops and allowing Jehoash to sack Jerusalem. Jehoash dies and is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Jeroboam_II" title="Jeroboam II">Jeroboam II</a>. Amaziah faces a conspiracy and is killed in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Lachish" title="Tel Lachish">Lachish</a>. He is buried in Jerusalem and succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Uzziah" title="Uzziah">Azariah</a>, who recovers and rebuilds <a href="/wiki/Elath" title="Elath">Elath</a>. </p><p>Jeroboam II is evil. He restores Israelite territory from <a href="/wiki/Labweh" title="Labweh">Lebo-Hamath</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Dead Sea</a>, in accordance with a prophecy by <a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a>. This is because God has promised not to destroy Israel and has seen how much the Israelites are suffering. He dies and is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Zechariah_of_Israel" title="Zechariah of Israel">Zechariah</a>. </p><p>Azariah is a good king, although the high places still exist. He is, however, a leper, and so is relieved of his responsibilities while his son <a href="/wiki/Jotham" title="Jotham">Jotham</a> acts as regent. Azariah dies and Jotham succeeds him. </p><p>Zechariah is evil, and falls victim of a conspiracy by <a href="/wiki/Shallum_of_Israel" title="Shallum of Israel">Shallum</a>, who assassinates and succeeds him, thus fulfilling God's promise to Jehu that his family would rule for four generations. Shallum is himself assassinated and succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Menahem" title="Menahem">Menahem</a>, who attacks <a href="/wiki/Thapsacus" title="Thapsacus">Tiphsah</a>, sacks it and rips open its pregnant women. During Menahem's reign, <a href="/wiki/Tiglath-Pileser_III" title="Tiglath-Pileser III">Pul</a> of <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a> (also called Tiglath-Pileser) attacks Israel. </p><p>Menahem raises taxes to pay Pul both to leave and to support him on the throne. Menahem dies and is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Pekahiah" title="Pekahiah">Pekahiah</a>, who is assassinated by his official <a href="/wiki/Pekah" title="Pekah">Pekah</a> and fifty mercenaries from <a href="/wiki/Gilead" title="Gilead">Gilead</a>. During Pekah's reign, Pul comes back and captures many towns in northern Israel, including all of the land belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Naphtali" title="Tribe of Naphtali">Tribe of Naphtali</a>, and deports their populations to Assyria. Pekah is assassinated by <a href="/wiki/Hoshea" title="Hoshea">Hoshea</a>, who succeeds him as king. </p><p>Jotham is a good king, but, again, the high places are still being used. He rebuilds the Upper Gate of the Temple. Aram and Israel attack Judah during his reign. He dies and is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Ahaz" title="Ahaz">Ahaz</a>. Ahaz is a bad king, even going so far as to sacrifice his son. <a href="/wiki/Rezin" title="Rezin">Rezin</a>, king of Aram, retakes Elath and gives it to Edom during the ongoing attacks. In an attempt to resolve the situation, Ahaz writes to Pul for help, which he gives by capturing Damascus, deporting its citizens and killing Rezin. Ahaz travels to Damascus to meet Pul, and while there sends a sketch of a new altar back to Jerusalem, which is built before he returns. He places it in the Temple upon his arrival. To symbolise his deference to the king of Assyria, he then removes much of the decoration in the Temple. He dies and is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Hezekiah" title="Hezekiah">Hezekiah</a>. </p><p>Hoshea is evil, but not as bad as the preceding kings of Israel. During Hoshea's reign, <a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_V" title="Shalmaneser V">Shalmaneser</a> of Assyria attacks Israel in response to Israel's maintaining diplomatic relations with Egypt and refusing to pay tribute to Assyria. Shalmaneser conquers Samaria and deports its citizens to <a href="/wiki/Media_(region)" title="Media (region)">Media</a>. All this happens because Israel has broken the commandments, principally by worshipping other gods and ignoring the prophets. This leaves only Judah, and even they are guilty of following the religious practices introduced by Israel. The king of Assyria then sends his subjects to resettle Samaria, led by an Israelite priest, whose job is to teach them the rites God requires. While they take this on board, they nonetheless continue worshipping their own national gods. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_last_years_of_the_Kingdom_of_Judah_(18:1–25:30)"><span id="The_last_years_of_the_Kingdom_of_Judah_.2818:1.E2.80.9325:30.29"></span>The last years of the Kingdom of Judah (18:1–25:30)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: The last years of the Kingdom of Judah (18:1–25:30)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Hezekiah,_the_prophet_Isaiah;_Assyria_(18:1–20:21)"><span id="Hezekiah.2C_the_prophet_Isaiah.3B_Assyria_.2818:1.E2.80.9320:21.29"></span>Hezekiah, the prophet Isaiah; Assyria (18:1–20:21)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Hezekiah, the prophet Isaiah; Assyria (18:1–20:21)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hezekiah" title="Hezekiah">Hezekiah</a>, the 13th king of Judah, does "what [is] right in the Lord's sight just as his ancestor David had done".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He institutes a far-reaching religious reform: centralising sacrifice at the temple in Jerusalem, and destroying the images of other gods, including the <a href="/wiki/Nehushtan" title="Nehushtan">Nehushtan</a>, the bronze snake <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> erected in the wilderness, which the Israelites have turned into an idol. He breaks his alliance with the Assyrians and defeats the Philistines. Following the capture of Samaria, the Assyrians attack Judah, but withdraw in return for money. The Assyrians soon attack again, and send a threatening and blasphemous message to Hezekiah, supposing that he has sought an alliance with Egypt. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_people" title="Assyrian people">Assyrian</a> commander then attempts to turn the Judahites against Hezekiah, claiming that he is powerless to protect him, but Hezekiah pre-empts and stops this from happening. When Hezekiah hears the message, he sends a delegation to the prophet <a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a>, who tells them that God will save Jerusalem and the kingdom from Assyria. When <a href="/wiki/Sennacherib" title="Sennacherib">Sennacherib</a>, king of Assyria, hears of the advance of <a href="/wiki/Taharqa" title="Taharqa">Tirhakah</a>, king of Cush, he retreats, but warns of a coming invasion. Hezekiah prays, and Isaiah sends another prophecy of Assyria's destruction. God sends an angel to kill the Assyrians, and the remaining Assyrians retreat in horror. Sennacherib is killed by his sons and is succeeded by a third son. </p><p>Hezekiah becomes ill, and Isaiah tells him he will die. Hezekiah prays, and God agrees to give him fifteen more years if he goes to the temple in three days. Isaiah prescribes a poultice of <a href="/wiki/Fig" title="Fig">figs</a>, and Hezekiah recovers. When Hezekiah goes to the Temple and stands on the steps of Ahaz, his shadow moves back ten steps, thus proving God's words to be true. The king of <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a> sends an embassy to Hezekiah, who shows them everything in the palace. Isaiah prophesies that one day the Babylonians will carry away everything in the palace. However, there is peace for the rest of Hezekiah's reign. Hezekiah builds an <a href="/wiki/Aqueduct_(water_supply)" title="Aqueduct (water supply)">aqueduct</a> consisting of a <a href="/wiki/Hezekiah%27s_Pool" title="Hezekiah's Pool">pool</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Siloam_tunnel" title="Siloam tunnel">tunnel</a> before he dies. He is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Manasseh_of_Judah" title="Manasseh of Judah">Manasseh</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Two_wicked_kings_(21:1–26)"><span id="Two_wicked_kings_.2821:1.E2.80.9326.29"></span>Two wicked kings (21:1–26)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Two wicked kings (21:1–26)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Manasseh reverses his father's reforms, murders the innocent, and sets up altars in the Temple. This breaches the Davidic-Solomonic covenant, and so God announces that he will destroy Jerusalem because of this apostasy by the king. He is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Amon_of_Judah" title="Amon of Judah">Amon</a>. Amon follows in his father's footsteps, and is eventually assassinated by his officials. The assassins are executed, and Amon is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Josiah" title="Josiah">Josiah</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Josiah_and_the_religious_reform_(22:1–23:30)"><span id="Josiah_and_the_religious_reform_.2822:1.E2.80.9323:30.29"></span>Josiah and the religious reform (22:1–23:30)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Josiah and the religious reform (22:1–23:30)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Josiah begins his reign with a rebuilding of the Temple. During this effort, <a href="/wiki/Hilkiah" title="Hilkiah">Hilkiah</a>, the high priest, finds a copy of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Book of Deuteronomy</a> and has <a href="/wiki/Shaphan" title="Shaphan">Shaphan</a>, the royal secretary, read it to the king. When Josiah hears the laws which have been broken, he becomes sorrowful and sends a delegation to the prophetess <a href="/wiki/Huldah" title="Huldah">Huldah</a> to ask what to do. Huldah tells the delegation that God will destroy Jerusalem, but not until after Josiah has died. </p><p>Josiah plans a ceremony to renew the <a href="/wiki/Mosaic_covenant" title="Mosaic covenant">Mosaic covenant</a>. First, he reads to the people from the scroll and has them all renew the covenant. Then, he has Hilkiah remove all the objects dedicated to other gods from the Temple, burn them in the <a href="/wiki/Kidron_Valley" title="Kidron Valley">Kidron Valley</a> and take the ashes to <a href="/wiki/Bethel" title="Bethel">Bethel</a>. Finally, he fires the priests of the other gods, desecrates the high places and gets rid of the male shrine prostitutes and weavers of Asherah in the temple. </p><p>While he is at Bethel, in the midst of destroying the tombs there, he finds the tomb of the prophet who prophesied his coming and spares it. He then instructs his people to celebrate <a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a>, since its celebration had fallen out of use for many years. He gets rid of the <a href="/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">mediums</a> and spiritists. He is the best king in the history of Israel and Judah. Josiah goes to battle against <a href="/wiki/Necho_II" title="Necho II">Necho II</a> of Egypt and the king of Assyria, but is defeated and killed by Necho at Megiddo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="The_destruction_of_Jerusalem_(23:31–25:30)"><span id="The_destruction_of_Jerusalem_.2823:31.E2.80.9325:30.29"></span>The destruction of Jerusalem (23:31–25:30)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: The destruction of Jerusalem (23:31–25:30)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Necho takes Josiah's successor, <a href="/wiki/Jehoahaz_of_Judah" title="Jehoahaz of Judah">Jehoahaz</a>, captive and imposes huge demands on Judah. He places another of Josiah's sons, <a href="/wiki/Jehoiakim" title="Jehoiakim">Jehoiakim</a>, on the throne, who pays the demands by increasing taxes. Both of Josiah's successors are evil. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II" title="Nebuchadnezzar II">Nebuchadnezzar II</a> of <a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Babylon</a> invades, and Jehoiakim becomes his vassal for three years until he rebels. In response to this, in order to fulfil what God had said with regards to Manasseh, a large number of raiders from neighbouring kingdoms and empires attack Judah. This time, there is no support from Egypt because it has already been invaded by the Babylonians. Jehoiakim dies and is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Jeconiah" title="Jeconiah">Jehoiachin</a>, who is also evil. Nebuchadnezzar lays siege to Jerusalem, and the Judahites surrender. </p><p>Nebuchadnezzar takes Jehoiachin and his family hostage, and takes away everything from the Temple and the palace, fulfilling Isaiah's prophecy to Hezekiah. He then takes away everyone into exile except the very poorest people. He then puts Jehoiachin's uncle, <a href="/wiki/Zedekiah" title="Zedekiah">Zedekiah</a>, on the throne. Zedekiah is also evil. Eventually, he rebels against Nebuchadnezzar and Jerusalem is put under siege for two years. Finally, famine overcomes the city and the walls are broken through. Zedekiah's punishment, which he serves at <a href="/wiki/Riblah" title="Riblah">Riblah</a>, is to watch his sons being killed before having his eyes gouged out and being carried as prisoner to Babylon. </p><p>Nebuchadnezzar burns down Jerusalem, including the Temple, the palace and all the important buildings. The walls are broken down, and everyone left is carried off, except some of the poorest people to act as farmers. He also kills the remaining priests at Riblah. He appoints <a href="/wiki/Gedaliah" title="Gedaliah">Gedaliah</a> as provincial governor. However, he is eventually killed by the last remaining member of the royal family, <a href="/wiki/Ishmael_son_of_Nethaniah" title="Ishmael son of Nethaniah">Ishmael son of Nethaniah</a>, and a large number of Judahites and Babylonians flee to Egypt. <a href="/wiki/Amel-Marduk" title="Amel-Marduk">Awel-Murduk</a> becomes king of Babylon on Nebuchadnezzar's death. He releases Jehoiachin, gives him a place at his table and an allowance, and places him higher in honour than all other kings in Babylon other than himself. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_-_Jeremia_treurend_over_de_verwoesting_van_Jeruzalem_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_-_Jeremia_treurend_over_de_verwoesting_van_Jeruzalem_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/250px-Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_-_Jeremia_treurend_over_de_verwoesting_van_Jeruzalem_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_-_Jeremia_treurend_over_de_verwoesting_van_Jeruzalem_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/375px-Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_-_Jeremia_treurend_over_de_verwoesting_van_Jeruzalem_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_-_Jeremia_treurend_over_de_verwoesting_van_Jeruzalem_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/500px-Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_-_Jeremia_treurend_over_de_verwoesting_van_Jeruzalem_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3857" data-file-height="4902" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rembrandt" title="Rembrandt">Rembrandt</a>, <i>Jeremiah Lamenting the Destruction of Jerusalem</i>, c. 1630.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Textual_history">Textual history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Textual history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Hebrew Bible (the Bible used by Jews), First and Second Kings are a single book, as are the First and Second <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Samuel" title="Books of Samuel">Books of Samuel</a>. When this was translated into <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> in the last few centuries BC, Samuel was joined with Kings in a four-part work called the <a href="/wiki/Books_of_the_Kingdoms" title="Books of the Kingdoms">Book of Kingdoms</a>. Orthodox Christians continue to use the Greek translation (the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a>), but when a Latin translation (called the <a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a>) was made for the Western church, Kingdoms was first retitled "The Book of Kings, parts One to Four", and eventually both Samuel and Kings were separated into two books each.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thus, the books now commonly known as 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>Samuel and 2<span class="nowrap"> </span>Samuel are known in the <a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a> as 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>Kings and 2<span class="nowrap"> </span>Kings (in imitation of the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a>). What are now commonly known as 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>Kings and 2<span class="nowrap"> </span>Kings would be 3<span class="nowrap"> </span>Kings and 4<span class="nowrap"> </span>Kings in old Bibles before the year 1516, such as in the Vulgate and the Septuagint.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The division known today, used by Protestant Bibles and adopted by Catholics, came into use in 1517. Some Bibles—for example, the <a href="/wiki/Douay_Rheims_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Douay Rheims Bible">Douay Rheims Bible</a>—still preserve the old denomination.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deuteronomistic_history">Deuteronomistic history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Deuteronomistic history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Jewish tradition the author of Kings was <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a>, who would have been alive during the fall of Jerusalem in 586 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most common view today accepts <a href="/wiki/Martin_Noth" title="Martin Noth">Martin Noth</a>'s thesis that Kings concludes a unified series of books which reflect the language and theology of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Book of Deuteronomy</a>, and which biblical scholars therefore call the <a href="/wiki/Deuteronomistic_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuteronomistic history">Deuteronomistic history</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Noth argued that the History was the work of a single individual living in the 6th century BC, but scholars today tend to treat it as made up of at least two layers,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a first edition from the time of <a href="/wiki/Josiah" title="Josiah">Josiah</a> (late 7th century BC), promoting Josiah's religious reforms and the need for repentance, and (2) a second and final edition from the mid-6th century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Fretheim_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fretheim-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Grabbe_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grabbe-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further levels of editing have also been proposed, including: a late 8th century BC edition pointing to <a href="/wiki/Hezekiah" title="Hezekiah">Hezekiah</a> of Judah as the model for kingship; an earlier 8th-century BC version with a similar message but identifying <a href="/wiki/Jehu" title="Jehu">Jehu</a> of Israel as the ideal king; and an even earlier version promoting the House of David as the key to national well-being.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The editors/authors of the Deuteronomistic history cite a number of sources, including (for example) a "<a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Solomon" title="Acts of Solomon">Book of the Acts of Solomon</a>" and, frequently, the "<a href="/wiki/Chronicles_of_the_Kings_of_Judah" title="Chronicles of the Kings of Judah">Annals of the Kings of Judah</a>" and a separate book, "<a href="/wiki/Chronicles_of_the_Kings_of_Israel" title="Chronicles of the Kings of Israel">Chronicles of the Kings of Israel</a>". The "Deuteronomic" perspective (that of the book of Deuteronomy) is particularly evident in prayers and speeches spoken by key figures at major transition points: Solomon's speech at the dedication of the Temple is a key example.<sup id="cite_ref-Fretheim_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fretheim-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sources have been heavily edited to meet the Deuteronomistic agenda,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but in the broadest sense they appear to have been: </p> <ul><li>For the rest of Solomon's reign the text names its source as "the book of the acts of Solomon", but other sources were employed, and much was added by the redactor.</li> <li>Israel and Judah: The two "chronicles" of Israel and Judah provided the chronological framework, but few details, apart from the succession of monarchs and the account of how the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Solomon" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple of Solomon">Temple of Solomon</a> was progressively stripped as true religion declined. A third source, or set of sources, were cycles of stories about various prophets (<a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahijah_the_Shilonite" title="Ahijah the Shilonite">Ahijah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Micaiah" title="Micaiah">Micaiah</a>), plus a few smaller miscellaneous traditions. The conclusion of the book (2 Kings 25:18–21, 27–30) was probably based on personal knowledge.</li> <li>A few sections were editorial additions not based on sources. These include various predictions of the downfall of the northern kingdom, the equivalent prediction of the downfall of Judah following the reign of <a href="/wiki/Manasseh_of_Judah" title="Manasseh of Judah">Manasseh</a>, the extension of <a href="/wiki/Josiah" title="Josiah">Josiah</a>'s reforms in accordance with the laws of <a href="/wiki/Deuteronomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a>, and the revision of the narrative from <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jeremiah" title="Book of Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a> concerning Judah's last days.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manuscript_sources">Manuscript sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Manuscript sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three of the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a> feature parts of Kings: <a href="/wiki/List_of_manuscripts_from_Qumran_Cave_5" title="List of manuscripts from Qumran Cave 5">5QKgs</a>, found in <a href="/wiki/Qumran_Caves" title="Qumran Caves">Qumran Cave 5</a>, contains parts of <a href="/wiki/1_Kings_1" title="1 Kings 1">1 Kings 1</a>; <a href="/wiki/List_of_manuscripts_from_Qumran_Cave_6" title="List of manuscripts from Qumran Cave 6">6QpapKgs</a>, found in <a href="/wiki/Qumran_Caves" title="Qumran Caves">Qumran Cave 6</a>, contains 94 fragments from all over the two books; and <a href="/wiki/List_of_manuscripts_from_Qumran_Cave_4" title="List of manuscripts from Qumran Cave 4">4QKgs</a>, found in <a href="/wiki/Qumran_Caves" title="Qumran Caves">Qumran Cave 4</a>, contains parts of <a href="/wiki/1_Kings_7" title="1 Kings 7">1 Kings 7</a>–<a href="/wiki/1_Kings_8" title="1 Kings 8">8</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest complete surviving copy of the book(s) of Kings is in the <a href="/wiki/Aleppo_Codex" title="Aleppo Codex">Aleppo Codex</a> (10th century CE).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Themes_and_genre">Themes and genre</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Themes and genre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Genealogy_of_the_kings_of_Israel_and_Judah.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Genealogy_of_the_kings_of_Israel_and_Judah.svg/300px-Genealogy_of_the_kings_of_Israel_and_Judah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Genealogy_of_the_kings_of_Israel_and_Judah.svg/450px-Genealogy_of_the_kings_of_Israel_and_Judah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Genealogy_of_the_kings_of_Israel_and_Judah.svg/600px-Genealogy_of_the_kings_of_Israel_and_Judah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Israel_and_Judah" title="Kings of Israel and Judah">kings of Israel and Judah</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Kings is "history-like" rather than history in the modern sense, mixing legends, folktales, miracle stories and "fictional constructions" in with the annals, and its primary explanation for all that happens is God's offended sense of what is right; it is therefore more fruitful to read it as theological literature in the form of history.<sup id="cite_ref-Nelson,_pp.1-2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nelson,_pp.1-2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The theological bias is seen in the way it judges each king of Israel on the basis of whether he recognises the authority of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Temple in Jerusalem</a> (none do, and therefore all are "evil"), and each king of Judah on the basis of whether he destroys the "<a href="/wiki/High_place" title="High place">high places</a>" (rivals to the Temple in Jerusalem); it gives only passing mention to important and successful kings like <a href="/wiki/Omri" title="Omri">Omri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeroboam_II" title="Jeroboam II">Jeroboam II</a> and ignores one of the most significant events in ancient Israel's history, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qarqar" title="Battle of Qarqar">battle of Qarqar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The major themes of Kings are God's promise, the recurrent <a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Judaism" title="Apostasy in Judaism">apostasy</a> of the kings, and the judgement this brings on Israel:<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Promise: In return for Israel's promise to worship Yahweh alone, Yahweh makes promises to David and to Israel – to David, the promise that his line will rule Israel forever, to Israel, the promise of the land they will possess.</li> <li>Apostasy: the great tragedy of Israel's history, meaning the destruction of the kingdom and the Temple, is due to the failure of the people, but more especially the kings, to worship Yahweh alone (Yahweh being the God of Israel).</li> <li>Judgement: Apostasy leads to judgement. Judgement is not punishment, but simply the natural (or rather, God-ordained) consequence of Israel's failure to worship Yahweh alone.</li></ul> <p>Another and related theme is that of prophecy. The main point of the prophetic stories is that God's prophecies are always fulfilled, so that any not yet fulfilled will be so in the future. The implication, the release of Jehoiachin and his restoration to a place of honour in Babylon in the closing scenes of the book, is that the promise of an eternal Davidic dynasty is still in effect, and that the Davidic line will be restored.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Textual_features">Textual features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Textual features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tissot_The_Flight_of_the_Prisoners.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Tissot_The_Flight_of_the_Prisoners.jpg/250px-Tissot_The_Flight_of_the_Prisoners.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Tissot_The_Flight_of_the_Prisoners.jpg/375px-Tissot_The_Flight_of_the_Prisoners.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Tissot_The_Flight_of_the_Prisoners.jpg/500px-Tissot_The_Flight_of_the_Prisoners.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/James_Tissot" title="James Tissot">James Tissot</a>, <i>The Flight of the Prisoners</i> – the fall of Jerusalem, 586 BC</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chronology">Chronology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Chronology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_the_Bible" title="Chronology of the Bible">Chronology of the Bible</a></div> <p>The standard Hebrew text of Kings presents an impossible chronology.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To take just a single example, <a href="/wiki/Omri" title="Omri">Omri</a>'s accession to the throne of the Kingdom of Israel is dated to the 31st year of <a href="/wiki/Asa_of_Judah" title="Asa of Judah">Asa of Judah</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meanwhile the ascension of his predecessor, <a href="/wiki/Zimri_(king)" title="Zimri (king)">Zimri</a>, who reigned for only a week, is dated to the 27th year of Asa.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Greek text corrects the impossibilities but does not seem to represent an earlier version.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A large number of scholars have claimed to solve the difficulties, but the results differ, sometimes widely, and none has achieved consensus status.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kings_and_2_Chronicles">Kings and 2 Chronicles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Kings and 2 Chronicles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The second <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Chronicles" title="Books of Chronicles">Book of Chronicles</a> covers much the same time-period as the books of Kings, but it ignores the northern <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">Kingdom of Israel</a> almost completely, David is given a major role in planning the Temple, <a href="/wiki/Hezekiah" title="Hezekiah">Hezekiah</a> is given a much more far-reaching program of reform, and <a href="/wiki/Manasseh_of_Judah" title="Manasseh of Judah">Manasseh of Judah</a> is given an opportunity to repent of his sins, apparently to account for his long reign.<sup id="cite_ref-Sutherland_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sutherland-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is usually assumed that the author of Chronicles used Kings as a source and emphasised different areas as he would have liked it to have been interpreted.<sup id="cite_ref-Sutherland_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sutherland-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_the_Bible" title="Historicity of the Bible">Historicity of the Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Israel_and_Judah" title="Kings of Israel and Judah">Kings of Israel and Judah</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Nelson,_pp.1-2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nelson,_pp.1-2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nelson,_pp.1-2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nelson, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RCgUvQOIvD0C&q=%22fictional+constructions%22&pg=PA1">1–2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sweeney-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sweeney_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sweeney_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sweeney, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d4jn8uj49RIC&q=960&pg=PA1">1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fretheim-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fretheim_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fretheim_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fretheim_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fretheim, p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grabbe-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grabbe_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grabbe_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGrabbe2016" class="citation book cs1">Grabbe, Lester L. (2016-12-01). <i>1 & 2 Kings: An Introduction and Study Guide: History and Story in Ancient Israel</i> (1 ed.). T&T Clark. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01MTO6I34">B01MTO6I34</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1+%26+2+Kings%3A+An+Introduction+and+Study+Guide%3A+History+and+Story+in+Ancient+Israel&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=T%26T+Clark&rft.date=2016-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB01MTO6I34%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Grabbe&rft.aufirst=Lester+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooks+of+Kings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/hebrew/8199.htm">"8199. shaphat"</a>. <i>Strong's Hebrew Concordance</i>. <q>Judges people 1 Kings 3:9 (twice in verse)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Strong%27s+Hebrew+Concordance&rft.atitle=8199.+shaphat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2Fhebrew%2F8199.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooks+of+Kings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rendered "govern" in the <a href="/wiki/New_Revised_Standard_Version" title="New Revised Standard Version">New Revised Standard Version</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAuld1986" class="citation book cs1">Auld, A. Graeme (1986). <i>I & II Kings</i>. Edinburgh, Scotland: The Saint Andrew Press. p. 23. <q>The hardest terms to translate in the whole passage are the related Hebrew verb and noun rendered "govern" (1 Kings 3:9) and right (v. 11) The Hebrew word <i>shaphat</i> has overtones of both ruling and judging.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+%26+II+Kings&rft.place=Edinburgh%2C+Scotland&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=The+Saint+Andrew+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Auld&rft.aufirst=A.+Graeme&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooks+of+Kings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/hebrew/2450.htm">"2450. chakam"</a>. <i>Strong's Hebrew Concordance</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Strong%27s+Hebrew+Concordance&rft.atitle=2450.+chakam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2Fhebrew%2F2450.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooks+of+Kings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings+18:3&version=hcsb">2 Kings 18:3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tomes, p. 246.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchets1910" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Schets, Joseph (1910). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Third and Fourth Books of Kings"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Third_and_Fourth_Books_of_Kings">"Third and Fourth Books of Kings" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Third+and+Fourth+Books+of+Kings&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Schets&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooks+of+Kings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drbo.org/"><i>Bible</i></a> (Douay Rheims ed.), DRBO</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bible&rft.edition=Douay+Rheims&rft.pub=DRBO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drbo.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooks+of+Kings" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spieckermann, p. 337.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Perdue, xxvii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson, p. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sweeney, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Van Seters, p. 307.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McKenzie, pp. 281–84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrebolle1992" class="citation journal cs1">Trebolle, Julio (January 1, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004350113/BP000028.xml">"LIGHT FROM 4Qjudg AND 4QKgs ON THE TEXT OF JUDGES AND KINGS"</a>. <i>The Dead Sea Scrolls</i>: 315–324. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004350113_028">10.1163/9789004350113_028</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004350113" title="Special:BookSources/9789004350113"><bdi>9789004350113</bdi></a> – via brill.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Dead+Sea+Scrolls&rft.atitle=LIGHT+FROM+4Qjudg+AND+4QKgs+ON+THE+TEXT+OF+JUDGES+AND+KINGS&rft.pages=315-324&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004350113_028&rft.isbn=9789004350113&rft.aulast=Trebolle&rft.aufirst=Julio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fview%2Fbook%2Fedcoll%2F9789004350113%2FBP000028.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooks+of+Kings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orion-bibliography.huji.ac.il/orion_editor/node/89486">"Qumran Fragments of the Books of Kings | orion-editor.dev"</a>. <i>orion-bibliography.huji.ac.il</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=orion-bibliography.huji.ac.il&rft.atitle=Qumran+Fragments+of+the+Books+of+Kings+%26%23124%3B+orion-editor.dev&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forion-bibliography.huji.ac.il%2Forion_editor%2Fnode%2F89486&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooks+of+Kings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orion-bibliography.huji.ac.il/orion_editor/taxonomy/term/8104">"5Q2 / 5QKgs | orion-editor.dev"</a>. <i>orion-bibliography.huji.ac.il</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=orion-bibliography.huji.ac.il&rft.atitle=5Q2+%2F+5QKgs+%26%23124%3B+orion-editor.dev&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forion-bibliography.huji.ac.il%2Forion_editor%2Ftaxonomy%2Fterm%2F8104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooks+of+Kings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedman2008" class="citation web cs1">Friedman, Matti (September 28, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-sep-28-adfg-aleppo28-story.html">"Scholars search for pages of ancient Hebrew Bible"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Scholars+search+for+pages+of+ancient+Hebrew+Bible&rft.date=2008-09-28&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Matti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2008-sep-28-adfg-aleppo28-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooks+of+Kings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sutherland, p. 489</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fretheim, pp. 10–14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sutherland, p. 490</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sweeney, p. 43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1 Kings 16:23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1 Kings 16:15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sweeney, pp. 43–44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nelson, p. 44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moore & Kelle, pp. 269–71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sutherland-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sutherland_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sutherland_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sutherland, p. 147</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commentaries_on_Kings">Commentaries on Kings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Commentaries on Kings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFretheim1997" class="citation book cs1">Fretheim, Terence E (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7ODLAo9QouEC"><i>First and Second Kings</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Westminster_John_Knox_Press" title="Westminster John Knox Press">Westminster John Knox Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-25565-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-25565-7"><bdi>978-0-664-25565-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+and+Second+Kings&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-664-25565-7&rft.aulast=Fretheim&rft.aufirst=Terence+E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7ODLAo9QouEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooks+of+Kings" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelson1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_D._Nelson" title="Richard D. Nelson">Nelson, Richard Donald</a> (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RCgUvQOIvD0C"><i>First and Second Kings</i></a>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22084-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22084-6"><bdi>978-0-664-22084-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+and+Second+Kings&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-664-22084-6&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Richard+Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRCgUvQOIvD0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooks+of+Kings" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSweeney2007" class="citation book cs1">Sweeney, Marvin (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d4jn8uj49RIC&pg=PA172"><i>I & II Kings: A Commentary</i></a>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22084-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22084-6"><bdi>978-0-664-22084-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+%26+II+Kings%3A+A+Commentary&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-664-22084-6&rft.aulast=Sweeney&rft.aufirst=Marvin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd4jn8uj49RIC%26pg%3DPA172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooks+of+Kings" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General">General</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: General"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnight1995" class="citation book cs1">Knight, Douglas A (1995). "Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomists". In Mays, James Luther; Petersen, David L.; Richards, Kent Harold (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SNLN1nEEys0C"><i>Old Testament Interpretation</i></a>. T&T Clark. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-29289-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-29289-6"><bdi>978-0-567-29289-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Deuteronomy+and+the+Deuteronomists&rft.btitle=Old+Testament+Interpretation&rft.pub=T%26T+Clark&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-567-29289-6&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.aufirst=Douglas+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSNLN1nEEys0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooks+of+Kings" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnight1991" class="citation book cs1">Knight, Douglas A (1991). "Sources". In Mills, Watson E.; Bullard, Roger Aubrey (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC"><i>Mercer Dictionary of the Bible</i></a>. Mercer University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86554-373-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86554-373-7"><bdi>978-0-86554-373-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sources&rft.btitle=Mercer+Dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.pub=Mercer+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-86554-373-7&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.aufirst=Douglas+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgoq0VWw9rGIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooks+of+Kings" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeuchterAdam2010" class="citation book cs1">Leuchter, Mark; Adam, Klaus-Peter (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8i3f3nZTm0YC&pg=PA122">"Introduction"</a>. In Leuchter, Mark; Adam, Klaus-Peter; Adam, Karl-Peter (eds.). <i>Soundings in Kings: Perspectives and Methods in Contemporary Scholarship</i>. Fortress Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4514-1263-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4514-1263-5"><bdi>978-1-4514-1263-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Soundings+in+Kings%3A+Perspectives+and+Methods+in+Contemporary+Scholarship&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4514-1263-5&rft.aulast=Leuchter&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Adam%2C+Klaus-Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8i3f3nZTm0YC%26pg%3DPA122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooks+of+Kings" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMooreKelle2011" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Megan Bishop; Kelle, Brad E (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Qjkz_8EMoaUC&pg=PA270"><i>Biblical History and Israel's Past: The Changing Study of the Bible and History</i></a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-6260-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-6260-0"><bdi>978-0-8028-6260-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biblical+History+and+Israel%27s+Past%3A+The+Changing+Study+of+the+Bible+and+History&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-6260-0&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Megan+Bishop&rft.au=Kelle%2C+Brad+E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQjkz_8EMoaUC%26pg%3DPA270&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooks+of+Kings" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKenzie1994" class="citation book cs1">McKenzie, Steven L (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3gnxJjuqld0C&pg=PA18">"The Books of Kings"</a>. In McKenzie, Steven L.; Patrick Graham, Matt (eds.). <i>The History of Israel's Traditions: The Heritage of Martin Noth</i>. Sheffield Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-23035-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-23035-5"><bdi>978-0-567-23035-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Books+of+Kings&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Israel%27s+Traditions%3A+The+Heritage+of+Martin+Noth&rft.pub=Sheffield+Academic+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-567-23035-5&rft.aulast=McKenzie&rft.aufirst=Steven+L&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3gnxJjuqld0C%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooks+of+Kings" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerdue2001" class="citation book cs1">Perdue, Leo G (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=41_0okLzQJkC&pg=PA337">"Preface: The Hebrew Bible in Current Research"</a>. In Perdue, Leo G. (ed.). <i>The Blackwell Companion to the Hebrew Bible</i>. Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-21071-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-21071-9"><bdi>978-0-631-21071-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Preface%3A+The+Hebrew+Bible+in+Current+Research&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Companion+to+the+Hebrew+Bible&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-631-21071-9&rft.aulast=Perdue&rft.aufirst=Leo+G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D41_0okLzQJkC%26pg%3DPA337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooks+of+Kings" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpieckerman2001" class="citation book cs1">Spieckerman, Hermann (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=41_0okLzQJkC&pg=PA337">"The Deuteronomistic History"</a>. In Perdue, Leo G. (ed.). <i>The Blackwell Companion to the Hebrew Bible</i>. Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-21071-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-21071-9"><bdi>978-0-631-21071-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Deuteronomistic+History&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Companion+to+the+Hebrew+Bible&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-631-21071-9&rft.aulast=Spieckerman&rft.aufirst=Hermann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D41_0okLzQJkC%26pg%3DPA337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooks+of+Kings" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutherland1991" class="citation book cs1">Sutherland, Ray (1991). "Kings, Books of, First and Second". In Mills, Watson E.; Bullard, Roger Aubrey (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC"><i>Mercer Dictionary of the Bible</i></a>. Mercer University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86554-373-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86554-373-7"><bdi>978-0-86554-373-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kings%2C+Books+of%2C+First+and+Second&rft.btitle=Mercer+Dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.pub=Mercer+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-86554-373-7&rft.aulast=Sutherland&rft.aufirst=Ray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgoq0VWw9rGIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooks+of+Kings" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomes2003" class="citation book cs1">Tomes, Roger (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA246">"1 and 2 Kings"</a>. In Dunn, James D.G.; Rogerson, John William (eds.). <i>Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible</i>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3711-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3711-0"><bdi>978-0-8028-3711-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1+and+2+Kings&rft.btitle=Eerdmans+Commentary+on+the+Bible&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-3711-0&rft.aulast=Tomes&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2Vo-11umIZQC%26pg%3DPA246&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooks+of+Kings" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Seters1997" class="citation book cs1">Van Seters, John (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0-skPdXtewwC&pg=PA406"><i>In search of history: historiography in the ancient world and the origins of biblical history</i></a>. Eisenbrauns. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-013-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-013-2"><bdi>978-1-57506-013-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+search+of+history%3A+historiography+in+the+ancient+world+and+the+origins+of+biblical+history&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-57506-013-2&rft.aulast=Van+Seters&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0-skPdXtewwC%26pg%3DPA406&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooks+of+Kings" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalton2009" class="citation book cs1">Walton, John H. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FxFZxCIc8OoC&pg=PA169">"The Deuteronomistic History"</a>. In Hill, Andrew E.; Walton, John H. (eds.). <i>A Survey of the Old Testament</i>. Zondervan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-310-22903-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-310-22903-2"><bdi>978-0-310-22903-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Deuteronomistic+History&rft.btitle=A+Survey+of+the+Old+Testament&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-310-22903-2&rft.aulast=Walton&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFxFZxCIc8OoC%26pg%3DPA169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooks+of+Kings" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1995" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Robert R (1995). "The Former Prophets: Reading the Books of Kings". In Mays, James Luther; Petersen, David L.; Harold Richards, Kent (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SNLN1nEEys0C"><i>Old Testament Interpretation: Past, Present and Future: Essays in honor of Gene M. Tucker</i></a>. Continuum International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-29289-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-29289-6"><bdi>978-0-567-29289-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Former+Prophets%3A+Reading+the+Books+of+Kings&rft.btitle=Old+Testament+Interpretation%3A+Past%2C+Present+and+Future%3A+Essays+in+honor+of+Gene+M.+Tucker&rft.pub=Continuum+International&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-567-29289-6&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Robert+R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSNLN1nEEys0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooks+of+Kings" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1_Kings" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1 Kings">1 Kings</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Hebrew <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div lang="he" style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/he:%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9D" class="extiw" title="s:he:קטגוריה:ספר מלכים">קטגוריה:ספר מלכים</a></b> </div></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Original_text">Original text</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Original text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt09a01.htm">מלכים א <i>Melachim Aleph</i> – Kings A</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> – English at Mechon-Mamre.org)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt09b01.htm">מלכים ב <i>Melachim Bet</i> – Kings B</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> – English at Mechon-Mamre.org)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jewish_translations">Jewish translations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Jewish translations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/e/et/et09a01.htm">1 Kings at Mechon-Mamre</a> (Jewish Publication Society 1917 translation)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/e/et/et09b01.htm">2 Kings at Mechon-Mamre</a> (Jewish Publication Society 1917 translation)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christian_translations">Christian translations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Christian translations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings+1%3A1&version=NIV">1 Kings</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2%20Kings%201&version=NIV">2 Kings</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_links">Other links</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kings&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Other links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/318629/books-of-Kings">"books of Kings."</a> Encyclopædia Britannica Online.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Arthur_Cook" title="Stanley Arthur Cook">Cook, Stanley Arthur</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Kings, First and Second Books of"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Kings,_First_and_Second_Books_of">"Kings, First and Second Books of" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 810–815.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kings%2C+First+and+Second+Books+of&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=810-815&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Stanley+Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooks+of+Kings" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=226&letter=K&search=Kings">Books of Kings article</a> (Jewish Encyclopedia)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vts.edu/ftpimages/95/download/FM.Mobley.Kings.pdf">1 & 2 Kings: introduction</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906123544/http://www.vts.edu/ftpimages/95/download/FM.Mobley.Kings.pdf">Archived</a> 2015-09-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a><a href="/wiki/Forward_Movement" title="Forward Movement">Forward Movement</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchets1910" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Schets, Joseph (1910). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/First and Second Books of Kings"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/First_and_Second_Books_of_Kings">"First and Second Books of Kings" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=First+and+Second+Books+of+Kings&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Schets&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooks+of+Kings" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Books of Kings </div><div><b> <a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">History books</a></b></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Samuel" title="Books of Samuel">Samuel</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Tanakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanakh">Hebrew Bible</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Isaiah</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Chronicles" title="Books of Chronicles">1–2 Chronicles</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First_Book_of_Kings" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:First_Book_of_Kings" title="Template:First Book of Kings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:First_Book_of_Kings" title="Template talk:First Book of Kings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_Book_of_Kings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:First Book of Kings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_Book_of_Kings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">First Book of Kings</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> <a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">chapters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_1" title="1 Kings 1">1 Kings 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_2" title="1 Kings 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_3" title="1 Kings 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_4" title="1 Kings 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_5" title="1 Kings 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_6" title="1 Kings 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_7" title="1 Kings 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_8" title="1 Kings 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_9" title="1 Kings 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_10" title="1 Kings 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_11" title="1 Kings 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_12" title="1 Kings 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_13" title="1 Kings 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_14" title="1 Kings 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_15" title="1 Kings 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_16" title="1 Kings 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_17" title="1 Kings 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_18" title="1 Kings 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_19" title="1 Kings 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_20" title="1 Kings 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_21" title="1 Kings 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_22" title="1 Kings 22">22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abel-meholah" title="Abel-meholah">Abel-meholah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammon" title="Ammon">Ammon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphek_(biblical)" title="Aphek (biblical)">Aphek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aram_(region)" title="Aram (region)">Aram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahurim" title="Bahurim">Bahurim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashan" title="Bashan">Bashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beersheba" title="Beersheba">Beersheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethel" title="Bethel">Bethel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabul" title="Cabul">Cabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel" title="Mount Carmel">Carmel, Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorath" title="Chorath">Cherith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_(ancient_city)" title="Dan (ancient city)">Dan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_of_Paran" title="Desert of Paran">Desert of Paran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edom" title="Edom">Edom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekron" title="Ekron">Ekron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elath" title="Elath">Elath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Rogel" title="Ein Rogel">Enrogel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezion-Geber" title="Ezion-Geber">Ezion-Geber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gath_(city)" title="Gath (city)">Gath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gezer" title="Gezer">Gezer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibbethon" title="Gibbethon">Gibbethon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gihon_Spring" title="Gihon Spring">Gihon Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilead" title="Gilead">Gilead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Hazor" title="Tel Hazor">Hazor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Horeb" title="Mount Horeb">Horeb, Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezreel_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jezreel (city)">Jezreel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidron_Valley" title="Kidron Valley">Kidron Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishon_River" title="Kishon River">Kishon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachish" class="mw-redirect" title="Lachish">Lachish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanaim" title="Mahanaim">Mahanaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Megiddo" title="Tel Megiddo">Megiddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millo" title="Millo">Millo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moab" title="Moab">Moab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Ephraim" title="Mount Ephraim">Mount Ephraim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophir" title="Ophir">Ophir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramoth-Gilead" title="Ramoth-Gilead">Ramoth-Gilead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shechem" title="Shechem">Shechem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiloh_(biblical_city)" title="Shiloh (biblical city)">Shiloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarshish" title="Tarshish">Tarshish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirzah_(ancient_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirzah (ancient city)">Tirzah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarepta" title="Sarepta">Zarephath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zobah" title="Zobah">Zobah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoheleth" title="Zoheleth">Zoheleth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rulers of Israel/Judah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abijah_of_Judah" title="Abijah of Judah">Abijam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahab" title="Ahab">Ahab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahaziah_of_Israel" title="Ahaziah of Israel">Ahaziah of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa_of_Judah" title="Asa of Judah">Asa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baasha_of_Israel" title="Baasha of Israel">Baasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Elah" class="mw-redirect" title="King Elah">Elah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoram_of_Judah" title="Jehoram of Judah">Jehoram of Judah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoshaphat" title="Jehoshaphat">Jehoshaphat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehu" title="Jehu">Jehu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeroboam" title="Jeroboam">Jeroboam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezebel" title="Jezebel">Jezebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah" title="Josiah">Josiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadab_of_Israel" title="Nadab of Israel">Nadab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omri" title="Omri">Omri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehoboam" title="Rehoboam">Rehoboam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibni" title="Tibni">Tibni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimri_(king)" title="Zimri (king)">Zimri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rulers outside Israel/Judah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achish" title="Achish">Achish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben-Hadad_I" title="Ben-Hadad I">Ben-Hadad I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadadezer" title="Hadadezer">Ben-Hadad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazael" title="Hazael">Hazael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_I" title="Hiram I">Hiram I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba" title="Queen of Sheba">Queen of Sheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_III" title="Shalmaneser III">Shalmaneser III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishak" title="Shishak">Shishak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prophets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahijah_the_Shilonite" title="Ahijah the Shilonite">Ahijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehu_(prophet)" title="Jehu (prophet)">Jehu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micaiah" title="Micaiah">Micaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_(prophet)" title="Nathan (prophet)">Nathan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abiathar" title="Abiathar">Abiathar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abishag" title="Abishag">Abishag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abner" title="Abner">Abner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absalom" title="Absalom">Absalom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adonijah" title="Adonijah">Adonijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoniram" title="Adoniram">Adoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasa" title="Amasa">Amasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azubah_(mother_of_Jehoshaphat)" title="Azubah (mother of Jehoshaphat)">Azubah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathsheba" title="Bathsheba">Bathsheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benaiah" title="Benaiah">Benaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_(biblical_figure)" title="Jesse (biblical figure)">Jesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joab" title="Joab">Joab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadad_the_Edomite" title="Hadad the Edomite">Hadad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haggith" title="Haggith">Haggith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maacah" title="Maacah">Maacah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naboth" title="Naboth">Naboth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimshi" title="Nimshi">Nimshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah_(1_Kings)" title="Obadiah (1 Kings)">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh%27s_Daughter" title="Pharaoh's Daughter">Pharaoh's Daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rezon_the_Syrian" title="Rezon the Syrian">Rezon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimei" title="Shimei">Shimei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zadok" title="Zadok">Zadok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeruiah" title="Zeruiah">Zeruiah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phrases/events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asherah" title="Asherah">Asherah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherub" title="Cherub">Cherub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronicles_of_the_Kings_of_Israel" title="Chronicles of the Kings of Israel">Chronicles of the Kings of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronicles_of_the_Kings_of_Judah" title="Chronicles of the Kings of Judah">Chronicles of the Kings of Judah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David%27s_Mighty_Warriors" title="David's Mighty Warriors">David's Mighty Warriors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judgement_of_Solomon" title="Judgement of Solomon">Judgement of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molten_Sea" title="Molten Sea">Molten Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Solomon" title="Prayer of Solomon">Prayer of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raising_of_the_son_of_the_widow_of_Zarephath" title="Raising of the son of the widow of Zarephath">Raising of the son of the widow of Zarephath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Jerusalem_(925_BC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sack of Jerusalem (925 BC)">Sack of Jerusalem (925 BC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shofar" title="Shofar">Shofar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulamite" title="Shulamite">Shunammite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">Solomon's Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throne_of_Solomon" title="Throne of Solomon">Throne of Solomon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Textual analysis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deuteronomist" title="Deuteronomist">Deuteronomistic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_the_Kingdoms" title="Books of the Kingdoms">Books of the Kingdoms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/he:%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93" class="extiw" title="wikisource:he:מלכים ב ניקוד">Hebrew Bible</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%93%27" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Βασιλειών Γ'">Septuagint</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/3_Kings" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/3 Kings">Wycliffe Bible</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Kings" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/1 Kings">King James Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/1_Kings" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/1 Kings">American Standard Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/1_Kings" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/1 Kings">World English Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Second_Book_of_Kings" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Second_Book_of_Kings" title="Template:Second Book of Kings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Second_Book_of_Kings" title="Template talk:Second Book of Kings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Second_Book_of_Kings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Second Book of Kings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Second_Book_of_Kings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Second Book of Kings</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> <a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">chapters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2_Kings_1" title="2 Kings 1">2 Kings 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Kings_2" title="2 Kings 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Kings_3" title="2 Kings 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Kings_4" title="2 Kings 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Kings_5" title="2 Kings 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Kings_6" title="2 Kings 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Kings_7" title="2 Kings 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Kings_8" title="2 Kings 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Kings_9" title="2 Kings 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Kings_10" title="2 Kings 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Kings_11" title="2 Kings 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Kings_12" title="2 Kings 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Kings_13" title="2 Kings 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Kings_14" title="2 Kings 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Kings_15" title="2 Kings 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Kings_16" title="2 Kings 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Kings_17" title="2 Kings 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Kings_18" title="2 Kings 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Kings_19" title="2 Kings 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Kings_20" title="2 Kings 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Kings_21" title="2 Kings 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Kings_22" title="2 Kings 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Kings_23" title="2 Kings 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Kings_24" title="2 Kings 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Kings_25" title="2 Kings 25">25</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammon" title="Ammon">Ammon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aram_(region)" title="Aram (region)">Aram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethel" title="Bethel">Bethel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edom" title="Edom">Edom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekron" title="Ekron">Ekron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezreel_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jezreel (city)">Jezreel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachish" class="mw-redirect" title="Lachish">Lachish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moab" title="Moab">Moab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Megiddo" title="Tel Megiddo">Megiddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramoth-Gilead" title="Ramoth-Gilead">Ramoth-Gilead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Sea of the Arabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahpenes" title="Tahpenes">Tahpenes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rulers of Israel/Judah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abijah_(queen)" title="Abijah (queen)">Abijah (queen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahab" title="Ahab">Ahab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahaz" title="Ahaz">Ahaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahaziah_of_Israel" title="Ahaziah of Israel">Ahaziah of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahaziah_of_Judah" title="Ahaziah of Judah">Ahaziah of Judah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaziah" title="Amaziah">Amaziah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amon_of_Judah" title="Amon of Judah">Amon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athaliah" title="Athaliah">Athaliah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gedaliah" title="Gedaliah">Gedaliah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezekiah" title="Hezekiah">Hezekiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoshea" title="Hoshea">Hoshea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeconiah" title="Jeconiah">Jeconiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoahaz_of_Israel" title="Jehoahaz of Israel">Jehoahaz of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoahaz_of_Judah" title="Jehoahaz of Judah">Jehoahaz of Judah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoakim" class="mw-redirect" title="Jehoakim">Jehoakim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoash_of_Israel" title="Jehoash of Israel">Jehoash of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoash_of_Judah" title="Jehoash of Judah">Jehoash of Judah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoram_of_Israel" title="Jehoram of Israel">Jehoram of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoram_of_Judah" title="Jehoram of Judah">Jehoram of Judah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoshaphat" title="Jehoshaphat">Jehoshaphat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehu" title="Jehu">Jehu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeroboam_II" title="Jeroboam II">Jeroboam II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezebel" title="Jezebel">Jezebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah" title="Josiah">Josiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jotham" title="Jotham">Jotham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasseh_of_Judah" title="Manasseh of Judah">Manasseh of Judah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menahem" title="Menahem">Menahem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omri" title="Omri">Omri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekah" title="Pekah">Pekah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekahiah" title="Pekahiah">Pekahiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shallum_of_Israel" title="Shallum of Israel">Shallum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzziah" title="Uzziah">Uzziah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_of_Israel" title="Zechariah of Israel">Zechariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zedekiah" title="Zedekiah">Zedekiah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rulers outside Israel/Judah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evil-Merodach" class="mw-redirect" title="Evil-Merodach">Evil-Merodach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazael" title="Hazael">Hazael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesha" title="Mesha">Mesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II" title="Nebuchadnezzar II">Nebuchadnezzar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rezin" title="Rezin">Rezin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_V" title="Shalmaneser V">Shalmaneser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sennacherib" title="Sennacherib">Sennacherib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiglath-Pileser_III" title="Tiglath-Pileser III">Tiglath-Pileser III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prophets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gehazi" title="Gehazi">Gehazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hephzibah" title="Hephzibah">Hephzibah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maacah" title="Maacah">Maacah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naaman" title="Naaman">Naaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimshi" title="Nimshi">Nimshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaazaniah" title="Jaazaniah">Jaazaniah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehosheba" title="Jehosheba">Jehosheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_of_Shunem" title="Woman of Shunem">Woman of Shunem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phrases/events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_captivity" title="Assyrian captivity">Assyrian captivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_captivity" title="Babylonian captivity">Babylonian captivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beelzebub" title="Beelzebub">Beelzebub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Destruction_of_Sennacherib" title="The Destruction of Sennacherib">Destruction of Sennacherib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dove%27s_dung" title="Dove's dung">Dove's dung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raising_of_the_son_of_the_woman_of_Shunem" title="Raising of the son of the woman of Shunem">Raising of the son of the woman of Shunem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Textual analysis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deuteronomist" title="Deuteronomist">Deuteronomistic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_the_Kingdoms" title="Books of the Kingdoms">Books of the Kingdoms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/he:%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93" class="extiw" title="wikisource:he:מלכים ב ניקוד">Hebrew Bible</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%94%27" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Βασιλειών Δ'">Septuagint</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/4_Kings" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/4 Kings">Wycliffe Bible</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/2_Kings" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/2 Kings">King James Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/2_Kings" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/2 Kings">American Standard Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/2_Kings" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/2 Kings">World English Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Books_of_the_Bible" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Books_of_the_Bible" title="Template:Books of the Bible"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Books_of_the_Bible" title="Template talk:Books of the Bible"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Books_of_the_Bible" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Books of the Bible"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Books_of_the_Bible" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Books</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Protocanonical_books" title="Protocanonical books">(protocanon)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Leviticus" title="Book of Leviticus">Leviticus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Numbers" title="Book of Numbers">Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua" title="Book of Joshua">Joshua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judges" title="Book of Judges">Judges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ruth" title="Book of Ruth">Ruth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Samuel" title="Books of Samuel">1–2 Samuel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1–2 Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Chronicles" title="Books of Chronicles">1–2 Chronicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezra" title="Book of Ezra">Ezra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nehemiah" title="Book of Nehemiah">Nehemiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Esther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job" title="Book of Job">Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Proverbs" title="Book of Proverbs">Proverbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastes" title="Ecclesiastes">Ecclesiastes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Songs" title="Song of Songs">Song of Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jeremiah" title="Book of Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Lamentations" title="Book of Lamentations">Lamentations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Hosea" title="Book of Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joel" title="Book of Joel">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Amos" title="Book of Amos">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Obadiah" title="Book of Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jonah" title="Book of Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Micah" title="Book of Micah">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nahum" title="Book of Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Habakkuk" title="Book of Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zephaniah" title="Book of Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Haggai" title="Book of Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zechariah" title="Book of Zechariah">Zechariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Malachi" title="Book of Malachi">Malachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_books" title="Deuterocanonical books">Deuterocanon</a><br /> or <a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">apocrypha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a> & others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Tobit" title="Book of Tobit">Tobit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judith" title="Book of Judith">Judith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther#Additions_to_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Additions to Esther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Maccabees" title="1 Maccabees">1 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Maccabees" title="2 Maccabees">2 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Wisdom" title="Book of Wisdom">Wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Sirach" title="Book of Sirach">Sirach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Baruch" title="Book of Baruch">Baruch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Letter_of_Jeremiah" title="Letter of Jeremiah">Letter of Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Additions_to_Daniel" title="Additions to Daniel">Additions to Daniel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_(Book_of_Daniel)" title="Susanna (Book of Daniel)">Susanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prayer_of_Azariah_and_Song_of_the_Three_Holy_Children" class="mw-redirect" title="The Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children">Song of the Three Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel_and_the_Dragon" title="Bel and the Dragon">Bel and the Dragon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Eastern Orthodox & others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Esdras" title="1 Esdras">1 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Esdras" title="2 Esdras">2 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Manasseh" title="Prayer of Manasseh">Prayer of Manasseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_151" title="Psalm 151">Psalm 151</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Maccabees" title="3 Maccabees">3 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Maccabees" title="4 Maccabees">4 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Odes_(Bible)" title="Book of Odes (Bible)">Odes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo" title="Orthodox Tewahedo">Orthodox Tewahedo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Enoch" title="Book of Enoch">Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jubilees" title="Book of Jubilees">Jubilees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meqabyan" title="Meqabyan">1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_of_the_Words_of_Baruch" title="Rest of the Words of Baruch">Paralipomena of Baruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo_biblical_canon#Broader_canon" title="Orthodox Tewahedo biblical canon">Broader canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Syriac <a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psalms_152%E2%80%93155" title="Psalms 152–155">Psalms 152–155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Baruch" title="2 Baruch">2 Baruch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Beta_Israel" title="Beta Israel">Beta Israel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Testaments_of_the_Three_Patriarchs" title="Testaments of the Three Patriarchs">Testaments of the Three Patriarchs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Abraham" title="Testament of Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Isaac" title="Testament of Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Jacob" title="Testament of Jacob">Jacob</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="New Testament canon">Canon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Epistle to the Romans">Romans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="First Epistle to the Corinthians">1 Corinthians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="Second Epistle to the Corinthians">2 Corinthians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Galatians" title="Epistle to the Galatians">Galatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Ephesians" title="Epistle to the Ephesians">Ephesians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Philippians" title="Epistle to the Philippians">Philippians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Colossians" title="Epistle to the Colossians">Colossians</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Laodiceans" title="Epistle to the Laodiceans">Laodiceans</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="First Epistle to the Thessalonians">1 Thessalonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="Second Epistle to the Thessalonians">2 Thessalonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="First Epistle to Timothy">1 Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="Second Epistle to Timothy">2 Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Titus" title="Epistle to Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Philemon" title="Epistle to Philemon">Philemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Epistle to the Hebrews">Hebrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_James" title="Epistle of James">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Peter" title="First Epistle of Peter">1 Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_Peter" title="Second Epistle of Peter">2 Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_John" title="First Epistle of John">1 John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_John" title="Second Epistle of John">2 John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Epistle_of_John" title="Third Epistle of John">3 John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Jude" title="Epistle of Jude">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antilegomena" title="Antilegomena">Antilegomena</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Paul" title="Acts of Paul">Acts of Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Peter" title="Apocalypse of Peter">Apocalypse of Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didache" title="Didache">Didache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_the_Hebrews" title="Gospel of the Hebrews">Gospel of the Hebrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Barnabas" title="Epistle of Barnabas">Epistle of Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Clement" title="First Epistle of Clement">1 Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_Clement" title="Second Epistle of Clement">2 Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="Third Epistle to the Corinthians">3 Corinthians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd_of_Hermas" class="mw-redirect" title="Shepherd of Hermas">Shepherd of Hermas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subdivisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">Chapters and verses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah#Pentateuch" title="Torah">Pentateuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_books" title="Historical books">Historical books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisdom_literature#Sapiential_Books" title="Wisdom literature">Wisdom books</a> (<a href="/wiki/Poetic_Books" title="Poetic Books">Poetic Books</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_books" title="Prophetic books">Prophetic books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_prophet" title="Major prophet">Major prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Minor_Prophets" title="Twelve Minor Prophets">Minor prophets</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Gospels">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle" title="Epistle">Epistles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_epistles" title="Johannine epistles">Johannine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastoral_epistles" title="Pastoral epistles">Pastoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_epistles" title="Catholic epistles">Catholic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_literature" title="Apocalyptic literature">Apocalyptic literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Bible" title="Authorship of the Bible">Authorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Hebrew_Bible_canon" title="Development of the Hebrew Bible canon">Jewish canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intertestamental_period" title="Intertestamental period">Intertestamental period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Development of the Christian biblical canon">Christian canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Old_Testament_canon" title="Development of the Old Testament canon">Old Testament canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_New_Testament_canon" title="Development of the New Testament canon">New Testament canon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antilegomena" title="Antilegomena">Antilegomena</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">Apocrypha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_apocrypha" title="Jewish apocrypha">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_apocrypha" title="New Testament apocrypha">New Testament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudepigrapha" title="Pseudepigrapha">Pseudepigrapha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Old_Testament_pseudepigrapha" title="List of Old Testament pseudepigrapha">Old Testament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dating_the_Bible" title="Dating the Bible">Dating the Bible</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_manuscript" title="Biblical manuscript">Manuscripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Pentateuch" title="Samaritan Pentateuch">Samaritan Pentateuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targum" title="Targum">Targum</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diatessaron" title="Diatessaron">Diatessaron</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muratorian_fragment" title="Muratorian fragment">Muratorian fragment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vetus_Latina" title="Vetus Latina">Vetus Latina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masoretic_Text" title="Masoretic Text">Masoretic Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Categories_of_New_Testament_manuscripts" title="Categories of New Testament manuscripts">New Testament manuscript categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Testament_papyri" title="List of New Testament papyri">New Testament papyri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Testament_uncials" title="List of New Testament uncials">New Testament uncials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_version_debate" title="Bible version debate">Bible version debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_Bible_translations" title="List of English Bible translations">English Bible translations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible" title="Non-canonical books referenced in the Bible">Other books referenced in the Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_texts#Christianity" title="List of religious texts">Additional Scriptures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_studies" title="Biblical studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_and_Quranic_narratives" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical and Quranic narratives">Biblical and Quranic narratives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Hippo" title="Synod of Hippo">Synod of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_criticism" title="Textual criticism">Textual criticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bible" title="Category:Bible">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bible" title="Portal:Bible">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Bible" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Bible">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4224666#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4224666#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4224666#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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